MANUAL SOUTHEASTERN FLORA BEING DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SEED PLANTS GROWING NATURALLY IN FLORIDA, ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI, EASTERN LOUISIANA, TENNESSEE, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA ILLUSTRATED BY JOHN KUNKEL SMALL CHAPEL HILL THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS T A ES qd 422] E vot COPYRIGHT 1933 BY THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS Manufactured in the United States of America CONTENTS Preface . Introduction Key to the Orders Descriptive Flora ppendix .. Genera and species published in this Flora .. Table of Orders and Families Index ..... 1513-1554 PREFACE This volume is designed to record and deseribe the species of native and naturalized flowering plants known by the author to grow naturally in the southeastern United States south of the northern boundaries of North Carolina and Tennessee and east of the Mississippi River. The species are grouped in genera, families, and orders, and are so arranged and deseribed that they may be identified by means of the analytieal keys and synopses given under each group, mainly by a study of the morphol- ogy of the flowers and the fruits. | The arrangement of the natural plant families is essentially that of Engler and Prantl, Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, although in a few eases modifications of the sequence there adopted seemed to be desirable. The deseriptive matter has been made very short, except in special cases. In order to facilitate the traeing and determination of genera and species, a drawing showing a flower and its gross morphology and a fruit, of the first species under each genus is given. The illustrations are not made to a seale, but the sizes of some of the parts are usually given in the de- the rw du of those of the grasses, whieh were made by Mrs. Agnes Chase,! and those of Carex which were made by Mr. H. Creutzberg, through the interest of Mr. K. K. Mackenzie. the matter of the interpretation of species and genera what has — to the author a balanced course has been followed—traditional “lumping” and modern "splitting" have not influenced the treatments o the various groups. Complex genera have been divided into more natural groups, both for convenience of study and also in order to make the gen- era, as far as possible, correspond i in rank to the great majority of groups of species now recognized as genera by most present-day botanists. Species have been interpreted in the broader sense; minor variations of species, "varieties" or “subspecies” have not been considered to any great extent. “Subvarieties”, "forms", “subforms” have not been considered at all. The names adopted for species and genera in this volume are those whieh to the best of the author's knowledge, were first applied to each, accompanied or supported by an adequate description, and in the case of genera by specific references, from the time (1753) when binomial desig- The drawings for the grasses were made with the understanding that they were Us be reduced to 1 inch square, allowance being made for such reduction. Coarseness of the pre dois if any, is due to the fact that the drawings were not reduced in engravin g. v vi PREFACE nation of species was definitely introduced n biological nomenclature, unless epee for another species or genus.? uring the preparation of this manual, numerous botanists, natural- ists, and puts helped continuously by the contribution of specimens and of information relating to the vegetation and its distribution, in short, doing much to help to make this volume complete. Botanists as indieated below kindly prepared the NC for several plant-families printed in this volume: POACEAE, by D . S. Hiteheock; POLEMONIACEAE, by Dr. E. T. Wherry; su d bin by Dr. Pennell; PINGUICULACEAE, by Dr. J. H. Barnhart; LORANTHACEAE, by Dr. William Trelease. The text for certain genera was prepared by the follow- ing botanists: Iris, Vincet , Odontostephana, Scutellaria, Laciniaria, Zinnia, Melanthera, O Cosmos, Emilia, by Mr. E. J. Alexander; Philadelphus, by Mr. C. D. Beadle; Crataegus, by Mr. Ivar Tidestrom; Tilia, by Mr. B. F. Bush; Physalis, Acanthoxanthium, Xanthium, by the late Dr. P. A. Rydberg; Carex, Solidago, by Mr. K. K. Mackenzie; Rud- beckia, by Mr. C. L. Boynton and Mr. C. D. Beadle; Helianthus, by Mr. E. E. Watson; Coreopsis, by Mr. F. E. Boynton; Bidens, by Dr. Karl M. Wiegand. The following genera were revised: Viola, Aster, by Mr. E. J. Alexander. Assistance is preparing the text of Philotria and of Trillium was furnished by Dr. Harold St. John and Mr. Donald C. Peattie, respectively. Help in many ways was given by my associates on the botanical staff of the Garden. Among those who participated in intensive field-work of the past two decades were Mr. Charles A. Mosier, the late Captaim, Paul A. Matthaus, and Mr. John B. DeWinkeler. Both the galley and the page proof have been read by Dr. Edgar T. Wherry, who also supplied the provincial distribution- of the species, checked many of the geographic ranges, and furnished data as to habitats and soils. The galley proof was read in whole or in part by Mr. Kenneth K. Mackenzie, Dr. N. L. Britton, Dr. Roland M. Harper, Mr. Edward J. Alexander, and Miss Bertha Picker- ing, while each contributor of generic or family treatments, as indicated in the text, read the proofs of these. he author is indebted to Dr. John H. Barnhart for advice and information on many botanical and bibliographie questions that arose throughout the years of preparation of the manuseript and the reading , ?' The manuscript of the grasses (POACEAE) was completed several years ago and was held i n proof along with other parts of this wo pir It was there- fore impracticable 39 bring the nomenelature into aecord with the rules of nomenclature which Dr. Hitchcock is now following. This ee also ap- plies to the treatment of the’ a (RHINANTHACEAE) by Dr. Pennell, and to the on of several other families and genera by others, for which credit is giv PREFACE vii of the proof and to Mr. E. J. Alexander for cooperation in studies on many genera and species. The completion of the manuscript was made possible, in part, by the eooperation of the Board of Managers of The New York Botanical Garden. The publieation was made possible, in part, by the interest of the late Mr. Charles Deering. The numerous specimens, which the investigations connected with this work have brought to the author during a period of thirty-five years, along with much botanical information, have been incorporated in the herbarium, the museums, and the records of the Garden. JOHN K. SMALL. THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, Bronx PARK, NEw York, N. Y. November 30, 1933 INTRODUCTION This manual supplants, in part, the Flora of the Southeastern United States published by the author in 1903 (seeond edition 1913). at volume reeorded and deseribed the flowering plants and pteridophyta? known at that time to grow naturally in the southern United States east of the one hundredth meridian of longitude. The complexity and magni- tude of the flora in this area, resulting from its proximity to the tropies, the intrusion of the northern highlands, and the extension of the Great Plains and the deserts from the west, made it seem desirable to divide the “Flora” into two parts. The result is the present volume and a proposed volume to inelude the area west of the Mississippi River south of the same degree of latitude and east of the western boundary of Texas. Thus smaller volumes will result, and plants may be traced by the analytieal keys with greater ease, since fewer genera and species are usually involved. he geographic area concerned represents one of the cradles of bot on the American mainland, for on the coasts of the Gulf States mi Spanish expeditioners were necessarily, not by choice, brought into close contact with the native vegetation. They left us printed records of the uses made of various plants by the aborigines and by themselves for foods, drinks, medicines, clothing, utensils, and fumitories. Their interest was not wholly utilitarian, for some plants so impressed them, the cacti for example, that they took them back to Europe and grew them ther out a eentury after the discovery of America by esas living specimens of plants from the Atlantic coast began to find their way into European botanic gardens. Explorations by plant collectors were soon extended into the highlands and into the Florida peninsula. Later, col- lectors were sent over from Europe and Pa were commissioned by European patrons of botany to explore for plan American residents about this time began to publish the results of m studies. Today t works on the flora are numerous. The first American botanical pum in the northeast developed near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the middle part of the eighteenth century, as a result of the plant-eolleeting activities of John Bartram. Here many of the plants. of the southeast were cultivated. In thé second half of that century the first botanieal garden in the southeast grew about the home of Thomas Walter on the Santee River north of Charleston, South Carolina. Walter’s association with this native flora crystallized into the first manual of the plants of a more or less definite geographic area, under the title Flora Caroliniana, in 1788. Interest in the native plants and in botany inereased and reached a eulmination about the middle of the last eentury, 3 The pteridophyta are omitted from the present work. _ ©. S. x INTRODUCTION in the publication of Chapman’s Flora of the Southern United States, in 1860. Then, botanical activity waned in the South. Toward the end of the last century, however, a revival took place in the southeastern states, mainly through the activities of permanent and transient residents, of plant collectors, and of botanists and naturalists who moved into the region to fill professional positions. In pioneer days with the horse and few trails, the sail-boat and un- developed water-ways, botanical exploration was restricted to limited areas and progressed slowly, consequently the botanical harvests were often scant. Since the advent of the automobile, the motor-boat, and the construction of a vast network of highways, canals, and improved waterways, largely through virgin country, a vast territory, until recently inaccessible, has been made to yield numerous botanical and horticultural treasures. As a con- sequence, many additional species and not a few genera of all groups of plants have been recorded for the area under consideration only since the end of the last century. The area extends over about twelve degrees of latitude. The southern limit lies within less than a hundred miles of the Tropic of Cancer. The northern limit is not very far north, but two mountain ranges, with a mul- titude of peaks rising to between five and six thousand feet and several to more than six thousand, furnish a cool climate representing a high lati- tude through altitude. Intermediate altitudes (Piedmont and Appalachian Plateau) supply still other elements for greater variety in the vegetation. s compared with northeastern America there are one-third more species in about one-fifth the area. Three main factors contribute to this con- dition—latitude, geology, physiography. The ancestors of our present plant-covering were subjected to both and minor earth disturbances, elevations and depressions and re- semen of the land-mass. Submergences also destroyed vast areas coastwise vegetation several times. When the areas emerged from the sea for the last time and the higher lands became more stable, the coastwise areas were populated from both the plant refuges in the highlands and those of continental and insular regions lying to the south. Whether these early floras were more extensive in kinds and density of population than those of today we shall never know. The records of several different floras are preserved in the sedimentary rocks, but they are naturally very incomplete. Large areas of eroded materials of the very old geological formations, often segregated into areas of different kinds of soil, such as sand, clay, marl, loam, in the Coastal Plain and the Piedmont, very defi- nitely contribute to the complexity of the flora. Then, in relatively recent geologic time, came the advance of successive great ice-sheets from the north as far south as New Jersey and Pennsylvania, with accompanying eold, which killed the vegetation before their immediate front, while they INTRODUCTION xi advanced, or drove the more distant plants southward. When the ice receded to the north some plants at the south doubtless succumbed as the temperature rose to a point beyond their enduranee more rapidly than they could migrate; while others accommodated themselves to the new conditions, and traveled back to their former, more northern latitudes. Thus our present plant population shows the results of invasions from the north. On the other hand, peninsular Florida, and in a lesser degree the more northern Gulf Coast, received many elements from the West Indies near at hand, and from northern South America, carried over a narrow ocean area by birds, winds, and currents. The physiographic struc- ture. of the area involved furnishes a sliding seale, either from the boreal to the tropical or vice versa, so that any plant which gains a foothold in the area might find conditions suitable for its growth and maintenance. The above remarks apply mainly to the eastern part of the area; here we find a very dense plant population, specifically and generically considered. In the western part there are less differences in elevation, and much simpler geologic history; here there is sparser plant-population both in density and variety. There are many locally peculiar minor plant areas. For example, capes, peninsulas, coastal sand-dunes, river-deltas, river-valleys or water- sheds, swamps, marshes, plateaus, mountain-valleys, mountain ranges, and mountain peaks, each harboring peculiar or endemic plants. he accompanying map shows the territory included in the South- eastern States and the Southcentral States. The Mississippi River divides the area into approximate halves. Both areas are shown for convenience in tracing the geographic distribution of the plants, and to show the rela- tion of the floras of the two areas. These are closely related at the boun- dary line, for they both naturally merge in the ancient delta of the Mis- sissippi River or the present Coastal Plain part of the Mississippi water- shed. ir the HL of each species, and separated by a dash from it (or from synonyms or common names whieh may be introduced at this Pen i habitat, Lie province, and the geographic range are stated. tat—Not only are the physical features briefly characterized, but in eases w UR it seems noteworthy, something is stated as to the chemical nature of the soil, that is whether it is acid, neutral, or alkaline, whether silieeous or ealeareous. When the habitat is given as pinelands, the soil may be inferred to be acid, except in southern Florida, where the pine- woods cover limestone rocks and have more or less alkaline soil. Other- wise, where no statement is made as to soil reaetion, either no data are available or else the plant appears to be indifferent to this factor. Provinces.—Each species is here assigned to one or more physiographie provinces. These are used instead of life-zones because the latter do not 29 j PLANT PROVINCES , -— UA . LS A. Pd Eom G. Ouachita M E 2: a Ws p. P H. Ozark I Cho g X Blue Ridge L' Central Lowland d M ot D. Appalachian Valley J. Great Plains 7A Tn Pi y ©. Appala K. Basin and Ran nge ms "MES Plate ay L. EM CEN 7 o 50 100 90 300 4Q0MileS F. Interior Low Moun | 190 — 290 400 — tQ0Kilometers E CNN Plateaus aes tee | ] | > u P 105 101 97 03 89 85 \ 8l 77 S INTRODUCTION xiii ied Lo very well the distributional relations of plants in our region. n the east Gulf Coastal Plain, where the Lower Austral life-zone should supposedly be represented, there occur many Transition and even Canadian plants which have pushed southward, west of the Appalachian mountains, in some past geological period and have persisted there. Again, in the Blue Ridge, where on ascending a high mountain the theoretical sequence shoul e Upper Austral—Transition—Canadian—Hudsonian, one finds instead a mixture of Upper Austral and Transition plants on the lower slopes, Canadian plants further up, but then instead of any- thing more boreal, a mixture of plants characterizing the Upper Austral of the Atlantic Coastal Plain mingled with many Transition shrubs and Canadian trees at the summit. It has accordingly seemed best to refer the plants only to the physiographie provinees in which they have been ob- served to grow, and to leave the untangling of the o E of life- zone relations to other writers. The physiographic province names used have been taken, with minor modifications, from *Physiographie Divisions of the United States.”* The boundaries of those lying within our limits are indicated on the accompany- ing sketch map (figure Hs and certain points concerning their positions are here diseussed. Physiographic province . Discuss bue Coastal Plain Separated in ‘¢ Atlantic?’ and l «€ E i Coastal Plain, “the division between these extending from Macon; Ga., to Gainesville, Fla. Piedmont Alabama. to New York; between the Coastal Plain and the Blue Ridge and Appalachian provinces Appalachian Valley l Often collectively referred to as ''Appalachian Appalachian Plateau provinces.’ New "England Includes E Canada; often di ivided into **Upland?? and ‘‘Coast,’’ the division between these lying Pond 30 miles inland. Interior Low Plateaus Northern Alabama to Southern Illinois, Indiana, | and Ohio. Central Lowland The POUR ‘immediately surrounding Lakes Michi- gan, Huron, and Eri often se d e HO to as the » ‘Great Lakes TEM nd.’ Great Plains E Texas to North Dakota. Ozark Plateaus Northern Arkansas to central Missouri. Ouachita "E | Central Arkansas to eastern Oklahoma. Basin-and-range Western Texas to California and southern Oregon. 4 Nevin M. Fenneman, Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 1917, reprinted 1921. xiv INTRODUCTION |. In idc the following special groupings of provinces are often found eonven : “Coastal ‘Plain and adj. provinces.” Plants thus annotated appear to reach their maximum development on the Coastal Plain, but also occur northward and westward in the Piedmont, Appalachian Valley, Appa- lachian Plateau, and other provinces which border the Coastal Plain. “Various provinces, in Coastal Plain only N.” These plants are not known to grow in the Coastal Plain within our limits, although they may be abundant in or even typical of that province further northward, as in Va., Md., or N. J. “Blue Ridge and more N Provinces.” In this manner are designated plants which reach their greatest development in regions north (and north- west) of our limits, or in some cases in the Rocky Mountains. s the states of Florida, Mississippi, and Louisiana lie essentially within the Coastal Plain, plants limited to them have not required spe- cial mention of province. Moreover, plants occurring “in salt-marshes along the coast” or “on sand-dunes,” are so obviously limited to the Coastal Plain that statement of it has been omitted. It is of course realized that the Coastal Plain is not an ecological unit, being divisible into a consider- able number of areas with different soils and other features; however, in a work of the scope of the present volume it is impracticable to go into details in this respect, which must be left for the writers of local floras. . While every effort has been made to have these province-assignments ue the data in the literature are often inadequate to decide the exact of g spe icd and errors which users of this work may discover will "s aa eee rece Range.—Instead of eallowiue the usual plan of beginning range state- ments at the northeast, we begin at the southeasternmost state within our limits at which the plant is known to occur. When the starting-point lies toward the eastern coast, the final state named is that lying furthest north- east, as “Ga. to La., Minn, and Me.” When, however, the start is made far inland, the last PN given is the southernmost in which the plant ap- proaches the coast, as “Tenn. to Mo., Mich., N. Y., and Va.” The pri- mary reason for this method is that his manual covers southern plants, = and users are naturally most interested in the places where the plant occurs in the south, hence it is convenient to have the southern limits come first. There is, however, also a scientific significance to the plan, in that the last great plant migration on this continent, resulting from the climatic change connected with the retreat of the ice-sheets of the final stage of the Glacial Period, consisted in a movement of plants from south to north, of which the range as stated may give a rough picture. J. K. S. P d KEY TO THE ORDERS Subkingdom iecur pbi i UP E Plants Plants producing flowers and seeds. A contains an embryo consisting of a Short stem (radicle, caulicle, OI one, two, or several rudimentr| lea es (cotyledons), and a terminal bud (plumule Carpel or pistil representéd by a scale on the face of which the ovules are borne. and on which the naked Sees ERA He: Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE. Carpel or ne with a closed cavity within whieh the ovules are borne and the seeds mature Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE. 1. Gymnosper mae Plants growing by single terminal bud or sometimes with adventitious buds, when with pinnate leav es, circinate in bud. PA Palm- n Run dura like RAN Leaves in a crown: blades pinnate. Flowers of app mate scales or on less modified ue Staminate Cond. " ith Seales Bcarina several pollen-saes. Ovulate con e 1H two or more ovules on each scale. Seed drupe-like a nut-li Order E ERR 1 RATIB m Leav es scale-like, narrow, or nee poss e and often borne in a cone of dry or fleshy scales, or partly or wholly naked. cA group devel- oped later iud more highly organized than the CYCADALE m PINALES. 2 2. Angiospermae Embryo with a single cotyledon, the early leaves alternate; blades, except Smilacaceae, parallel-veined : stem with a mass of cellular tissue through Which oody fibers are scattered: flower with the parts in threes or sixes. Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. Embryo usually with a pair of opposite cotyledones, the early leaves opposite ; blade net-veined: stem with central pith, aaa in lay E of wood which is surrounded by bark: flower with the parts in fours or five Subelass 2 2. DICOTYLEDONES, 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES Perianth rudimentary or degenerate, the members often bristles or mere scales, not coro lla-like, or oM pn Box in the axils of dry or ed braets (scales or glumes). e t of bristles or chaffy scales. Order PANDANALES. 13 Perianth fleshy or herbaceous, ros wanting. Fruit baccate: endosperm present. Order ARALES. 243 Fruit dr sare one endosperm wanting. Order NATADALE S. 14 Flowers D. rus axils or dry or chaffy, usually imbricated, Brat (seales or glum rder POALES. 29 Perianth of 2 dis stinct series, the inner series usually corolloid. Gynoecium of ee carpels. Order ALISMALES. 220 Gynoecium of un MC arpels. Endosperm m . Order XYRIDALES. 250 io orbs, or ee shru bs or trees, with simple leaves: ovules 2—many in each cavity of the ovary, or solitary only in the ease of a few herbs. oe not a fleshy spadix Order LILIALES. 273 Inflorescence a fleshy spadix subtended by a spathe. Order ARALES. 243 Trees or shrubs, with pinnately or palmately Compound or lobed leaf-blades : ovules soli itary in each cavity of the ovary. Order ARECALES. 236 Ovary, o rud wholly inferior or half-inferior. Endosperm present and usually copious. ers regular: androecium not reduced. rder AMARYLLIDALES. 314 Flowers very irregular: androecium much cedaced and modi- ed. Order SCITAMINALES. 358 Endosperm wanting. . "mu ose Flowers regular, monoecious or dioecious: aquatic Order HYDROCHARITALES. 26 Flowers irregular, perfect: terrestrial or epiphyuc plants. Order ORCHIDALES. 362 XV xvi | KEY TO THE ORDERS . DICOTYLEDONES Corolla wanting, except in the pistillate flowers of Juglans (Juglandaceae). Calyx DIM at least in the staminate flowers, SEED sometimes in Casuarina (Casuarinaceae). Flowers mainly perfect. Seeds solitary in each carpel or in each cavity of the ovary: endosperm present. Flowers spicate: styles wanting: stigmas sessile. Order PIPERALES. Flowers axillary: styles present. Gallitrichaceae in Order EUPHOBBIALES. Seeds numerous in each cavity of the ovary: endosperm wanting. Podostemaceae in Order ROSALES. wers monoecious or dioecious. Order EUPHORBIALES. _ Trees or shrubs: flowers monoe ci ous or dioecious, or po seama Leaves represented by appressed whorled scales: stems ner ches loosely joint Order CASUARINALES. Leaves noe "appressed seales: stems or branches not loose jointed. - Fruit 1-seeded : e Without tuits of hairs. vules 1 or 2 in each c of the bad: flowers not in heads. Gonocelunm a stigma 1: ovule laterally attached and amphitropous. ro der LEITNERIALES. iK ce Or pend stigmas a e oo and amphi- hotropo Order MYRICALES. Pistillate. flowers with a calyx: ovule pendulous and ous. at blades simple. nut or an achen Oo in Order FAGALES. Fruit & dru Olea s E IOS OLEALES. Leaf-blades Comp um: fruit a s eaceae an Onder OLEALES. Ovules many: flowers aggregated into dense heads. Altingiaceae m Order ROSALES. Fruit many-seeded : seeds each with a tuft of hair Or de E SALICALES, Calyx present at least in the staminate or in the perfect flow aves represented by appressed whorled scales : branches Weasels jointed. rder CASUARINALES. Leaves not appressed scales: branches not loosely jointe ca Flowers, at least the staminate, in aments, or c Hm spikes. Leaf- MATE simple: ovule pendulous and anatro opou Pis AA flowers separate at maturity : fruit. 2 nut or BEES. Pistillate flowers forming aggregate fruits T drupe-like. . Artocarpaceae in Order URTICALES. Leaf-blades pinnately compound: ovule erect and orthotropous. er JUGLANDALES. Flowers, at least the staminate, not in aments. Ovary feed Gynoecium ‘of 1 or several and distinct earpels: stigma and tyle solitary. carpe solitary. tyle lateral and Be leery Petiveriaceae in Order CHENOPODIALES. Style, axile, érec Ovary “neither a nor seated in a hypanthium Flowers not solitary in axils; land plants. Filaments free and distinct. Urticaceae in Order URTICALES. Filaments ganas to the sepals or to the ealyx-tube. Order oe aa Flowers solitary in axils uatic plant Ceratophyllaceae Ha Order RANALES. Ovary ne in or seated in a hypanthium or alyx-tu Stamens d under the gynoecium. llioniaceae in Order CHENOPODIALES. Stamens borne on the hypanthium or adnate to the calyx-tube. Order THYMELEALES. Carpels several. Stamens inserted below the ovary. Families in Order RANALES. PAGE 415 1037 1037 KEY TO THE ORDERS PA odes s Pieced on the edge of a cup-shaped hy- t g pan Rosaceae in Order ROSALES. Sy of 2 2 oF several united carpels: stigmas or styles or seve Ovary, by Bbo dem 1- cell ed and 1-ovuled. . Lea ves with sheathing stipules (ocreae). Order POLYGONALES. Leaves, estipulate, or stipules present if they are not Trees or shrubs. Anthers opening by slits: ovary not seated in hypanthi Imaceae in Order a. Anthers aE by hinged valves: ovary seated n accrescent hypanthium. .Lauraceae in Order THYMELEALES. Herbs or vine Leaves with s l pu Horace B inflorescence spicate or o e. palmately veined. nabinaceae in Order URTICALES. E scari ous or hyaline: inflorescence ue blades pinnately veined. milies in Order CHENOPODIALES. Leaves without n pules; Sti entir Order CHENOPODIALES. Suas 2- cleft. Euphorbiaceae in Order EUPHORBBIALES. Ovary several-celled, or with several a, seyeral- ovu n Stamens h ypogynous, inserted under the gynoecium in mE the perfect flowers, not on a disk in the pistillate EIS Herbs. Flowers perfect. Ovary several-celled. Fruit baecate or nut-like, or a circum- Saisie capsule, the carpels terminal on the D milies in Order CHENOPODIALES. Fruit of pore DV lateral on the receptacle, each carpel circumscissile. enthoraceae in Order ROSALES. Ovary ces celle Sta E not ` tetradynamou S, Le ce rder CHENOPODIALES. Stanes tetradynamous : ovary 2-celled. Brassicaceae in Order PAPAVERALES. . Flowers SOHO o or dioecious, M. und ae raphe towards the axis of yn Euphorbiscede in Order EUPHORBIALES. Mrs me a a away from the axis e gyn Bu B in Order SAPINDALES. Trees or shrubs. Gynoecium 5- carpellary, the carpels nearly dis inct. Buettneriaceae in Order MALVALES. Gynoecium 2-4-carpellary, the carpels nen Ovary 4-celled : fleshy maritime shru Ba tidaceae in ur CHENOPODIALES. Ovary 2-celled : plan nn fles acne in Order OLEALES. Stamens perigynous or epi e aes on the mar- gin of a el ad aaa or a Fruit a sama Families in Order SAPINDALES. Fruit n a v Fru Ü dE. or berry-like: shrubs or trees. Order RHAMNALES. Fr D acapsule: herbs. Order ARISTOLOCHIALES. Ovary inferio Flowers nor in involucrate heads. Fr uit 3-winged, a Into 3 nutlets. nia in Order RHAMNALES. Fruit neither. 3- winged. TOF splitting into carpels. ‘Fru ita berry or a drupe, or nut-like, 443 830 1279 834 xviii KEY TO THE ORDERS Calyx deciduous as a lid: stamens numerous. Calyptranthes in Order TE Calya n valvate or imbricated sepals: sta- ns few Mens as many as the perianth-members and alternate with them, or fewer. Herbs, with succulent stems and leaves, 2 or woody below: boni Dee Tetragoniacea face CH ORO DIIEES. Trees or shrubs: flowers dioecious. yssaceae in Order AMMIALES. Stamens as many as the perianth-members and opposite them, or twice as many. Styles present. Ovules mostly on basal placentae, sometimes pendulous: eotyledons not convolute : ree- S Ae on bas eptyledons | a CE not para- itic Fhm ilies in Order MYRTALES. Styles wild. stigmas sessile. Gunneraceae in Order MYRTALES. Fruit a capsule, Sepals as many as the ovary-cavities or one half as many. cd regular and the sepals half as as the cavities in the ovary, or r rder ARISTOLOCHIALES. Calyx regular and the a as many as the cavities in the o "Order MYRTALES. Sepals 4-5) at least twice as many as the e cavities ( axifragaceae in Order ROSALES. Flowers, at least the staminate, in involucrate heads. Am brosiaceae in Order CARDUALES. Corolla present. Petals distinct, at least at the bas *Carpels solitary, or several and distinct: or united only at the base. at the bas e of the receptacle, i. ae hypogyn ous. ers in iBoHoecIOUe Platanaceae in Order ROSALES. Flowers not in aY heads ants with relatively firm Stems and leaves, not succulent. Order RANALES. Plants with succulent stems and e as in Order ROSALES. Stamens on the margin of a hypanthium (the hypanthium very small in some Saxifragaceae). Plants without secreting glands in the bark Order ROSALES. Plants with secreting glands in the bark. Surianaceae in Order GERANIALES. ug dus several and united. vary superior amens Inserted at the base of the ovary or receptacle. . Stam numerous. Sepals s imbricate d. “alyx deciduous. Order PAPAVERALES. Calyx. persistent. Stigmas pinnatifid : insectivorous plants Di wT in Order Scene: Stigmas not pinnatifid: plants not insectivorous (except in Sarraceniales): Styles or stigmas distinct or united, but not dis- coid. Leaves glandular or pellucid-punctate. acentae axile. utaceae in Order GERANIALES. Placentae parietal. anellaceae in Order HYPERICALES Leaves not glandular. Placentae parietal: gynoecium with a 1- celled ovary. . Anther-sacs opening lengthwise. Capparidaceae in Order PAPAVERALES. 1297 756 e =! e KEY TO THE ORDERS xix Anther-sacs opening at t top. Bixaceae in Order fier ERICALES. 864 Placentae axile or central: gynoecium with a 2—several-celled ovary, (or with distinct eds els. Theaceae in Order HyPERICALES. S75 PS io eun as united. into a disk. ts. etals. and sepals numerous: leaves with des: aquatic plants. M aaa in Order RANALES. 540 ds and B DT fev e EA with pitcher- 1 og p Sa arraceniaceae in Order SARRACENIALES. 580 Shrubs or trees : plants not aquatic Clusiaceae in Order Hp pices: 865 Sepals valvate Stamens with distinct filaments. -celled : placentae parietal. apparidaceae in Order PAPAVERALES. 575 Ovary 2-several-celled : placentae Bic or central. Families in Order MALVALES. 840 Stamens with united amnes rder MALVALES. 840 PE ta n iod twice as many as the petals. Stam asm S the petals and ooh them. nthe aes nennt by hinged valve Po M DhyHacené in Order RANALES. 543 Anther-sacs opening by slits 1 rs monoecious, Euphorbiaceae in Order EUPHORBIALES. 1775 Flowers perfect. Ovules, or seeds, several or many: embryo coiled. ortulacaceae in Order Bue AMEN 493 Ovules, or seeds, solitary ; e mbryo stra rmeriaceae in Order BEDNUDIUES. 1020 Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or more, sometimes twice as many. Stamens 6: petals 4: sepals 2 or 4. Families in Order PAPAVERALES. 546 pn M s and sepals of the same number, or sta- more, usually twice as many as the sepals or E s W. 1-celled. Ovules, or seeds, on basal or central placentae Herbs. Families in Order CEBNOTODIADES: 461 Trees or shrubs. Stamens with free and distinct filam Tamaricaceae in Order HEPERI ICALES. 866 Stamens with partially united filaments, and usually aped 2 LE corolla. St in Order EBENALES. 1036 Ovules, or seeds, on r placeni Stigmas 2- cleft. Anther with an inconspicuous connective. Stigmas net brush-like. Droseraceae in Order SARRACENIALES. 578 Stisinas brush. like a Ou. in Order H M 877 Anther with the ee connective pro- duced beue the saes ceae in Order PASSIFLORALES. 894 Stigmas enti d Stamens with ode filaments and no stami- Bora Families in M MALVALES. 840 Stamens with distinct filam Staminodia presen Parnassiaceae in Order RosALEs. 589 Staminodia anne Families in Order HYPERICALES. 864 Ovary several-c Stamens cana to the gynoecium. sclepiadaceae in EE CCROEPEIGDADERS 1064 Stamens not adnate to the gynoe Stamens with wholly or. partly "united filaments. Anthers open lengthw " milies in Order GERANIALES. 1743 Anthers Beine by pores Polygalaceae in Order POLYGALALES. 76 Stamens with distinct filaments. KEY TO THE ORDERS Anthers opening 2. pore milies in Order ERICALES. Anthers opening Bi sli Stigmas or styles distinet and cleft, or foliaceous, or o ed by pairs. er Eeo An Stigmas or styles all distinet or all united, n cleft nor foliaceous. s2, Olea xn. in Order OLEALES. B umen more Leaves with compound blades. Families in Order GERANIALES. Leaves with Simple blades. in Order RANIALES. Styles united : ovule erect or ascendin Li mnanthaceae der SAUDI DAPES: Ovules 2 or viole 7 each carpel. owers irregular: stamens united Sd the top or ile. Balsaminaceae in rder GERANIALES. Placentae parieta al. Violaceae n Order PER Flowers regular stamens neither united nor con verging at op. Carpels not circumscis- sile at maturity. Placentae parietal, Cista n Or der Hon ue Hacen. axile or entral. Stvles distinct, Elatinaceae e cee. Styles united. Ovary sessile: P fili- Tiliaceae in Order Koeberliniaceae n Order GER ANIALES. Carpels circumseissile at maturity. Penthoraceae in Order ROSALES. pne inserted on the margin of a disk or hypanthium (perigyn- us or hypogynous). Stamens fewer than the sepals or the petals. Hippocrateaceae in Order SAPINDALES. Stamens as many as the sepals or the petals, or more. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. iine a n TE r part of the ovaries distinct: ovules many. axifragaceae in Order ROSALES. Styles united. Ovules and seeds numerous. oringaceae in Order PAPAVERALES. Ovules and seeds solitary or 2. Order RHAMNALES. 1037 oo -1 oo KEY TO THE ORDERS A, xxi ms Stamens as. eee ae the petals and alternate with them, or more or Styles distinct gd separate. Upper pee of the ovaries distinct, at least at ma- urity Sa xifragaceae and Iteaceae in Order ROSALES. Upper part of the ovaries united. Order SAPINDALES. SENISS united. Hypanthium flat or obsolete: disk fleshy. Pla without secreting gar F the bark. Cd eee: Plants with SELNES glands in e bar milies in Order C NE, Hypanthium cup- -shaped or campanulate: disk obso- lete or inconspicuous, Order MYRTALES. Ovary inferio Stamens um Styles and stigmas united into a disk: water-plants with e dogenous stems, Nymphaeaceae in Order rene Styles distinct, or united, but not forming a disk Rl radi- ating stigmas : land- ‘plants with exogenous s P distinct, mens distinct : stigmas simple: shrubs or trees, amilies in Order ROSALES. Stamens with united filaments : styles Mn herbs. EGONIALES. Styles united. Shrubs 2 trees, not succulents, sometimes woody vines. H nthium not produced beyond the ovary. ydrangeaceae in a ROSALES. Hypanthium produced beyond the o Families in Order MYRTALES. Herbs, or shrub-like or tree-like suc r OPUNTIALES. Stamens not more than twice as many as the eid Styles wanting: stigmas sessile. Gunneraceae in Order MYRTALES. Styles present. Styles distinct. vules several in each cavity of the Ac fruit a cap- sule or a fleshy BU ber Frui t, if dehiscent, valva “Families in Order ROSALES. Fruit circumscissile. rtulacaceae in Order | CHENOPODIALES. a Ovules solitary in each cavity of the Qs fruit drupe or 2-5 more or less united achen Or de: Pagan. Styles united, or single Plants pu tendrils. Ova nclosed m or surpassed by the bypanthium "n "adnate i Anther-sacs ODCHIHS by por Va ciniaceae "in Order ERICALES. Anther- -sacs opening by sli Ovules solitary in each CAVIS of the ovary. rder AMMIALES. Ovules several in each cavity. Ovary with parietal DI CRINE. oasaceae in Order OPUNTIALES. Ovary with poer 2 vr placentae. rder MYRTALES. Ovary exceeding the horondium. the top free. Hydrangeaceae in Order ROSALES. Plants with tendri Herbs: fruit a Poo leaf-blades palmately veined. wink rbitaceae 2 oe CAMPANULALES. Shrubby vine "fr uit dru eous, separating into nutlets : leaf-blades pinnately veined. Frangulaceae in Order RHAMNALES. dico. more s n united. Stamnan: free fr om the co rs: um of a aA "carpet Families in Order ROSALES. EIU of several united carpels. Pilaments uni Sta e diadelphous. Fumariaceae in Order PAPAVERALES. Stamens monadelphous. PAGE 1006 xxii KEY TO THE ORDERS Anther-sacs E by slits. MED in Order GERANIALES. Anther-saes opening by pore Calyx and corolla very tremulum Order Boreas: Calyx and corolla regular. Families in Order ERICALES. Filaments distinct. Styles wanting or very short : stigma sessile. Aquifoliaceae in Order SAPINDALES. PESE elongated. vary several-celled. Families in Order ERICALES. iu ary 1-celled. Armeriaceae in Order PRIMULALES. oe Dar any connie to the corolla. Sta S many as dd d = the corolla and opposite them, Placentae central or basal. . Order PRIMULALES. Placentae parietal. Fouquieriaceae in Order HYPERICALES. Ovary several.celled.. Upper portion of the ovaries distinct. Sedaceae in id: ROSALES. Upper portion of the ovaries united. Order EBENALES. Stamens on many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them, ewer. Corolla not scarious, veiny: fruit various, but not a pyxis. eo 2 3-6 carpels. r trees: ovules and seeds few Aquifoliaceae in Order SAPINDALES. Herbs, or creeping or tufted m ubby plants: ovules and ds numerous or few some members of the eae. Stamens adnate up to the sinuses of the corolla : creep- ing evergreen under-shrubs, iapensiaceae im Order ERICALES. Stamens adnate to the lower part of the corolla-tube: herbs, undershrubs, or vines. Families in Order SDEHNMONIEUES: Gynoecium of 2 carpels. Carpels dicte except Sometimes at the apex yle ter minal. Order A EPIADALES. ty sie ‘basal. Dichondraceae in Order POLEMONIALES. Carpels united. Ovary 1-celled, with central placentae Order GENTIANALES. . Ovary 2- ‘celled, or falsely 4-celled, or if 1-celled with D placentae Stamens 2 and ODDoSite each other, or 3. Order OLEALES. Stamens ERR oe 4 e 5, if 2 by reduction. not oppo- site eac Leaves with stipules or stipular lines at their bas Spigeliaceae in SORTS EE GENTIANALES. Leaves with no e m stipu Fam io. POLEA MONIALES. Corolla scarious, veinless : fruit a Pris "Onde er PLANTAGINALES. Ovary ree ped Stamens with the filaments free from the corolla. Stamens 10: anther-sacs opening by ter minal pores or chinks. acciniaceae in Order ERICALES. Stamens 5 or fewer: anther-sacs opening by MEER e slits. Order CAMPANULALES. Stamens adnate to the corolla. Ovary with 2—many fertile cavities and 2—many ovules: calyx un- modified, at least not a pus. Plants tendril-bearin ng. ucurbitaceae in Order CAMPANULALES. Plants not tendril- beating Ovules mostly on basal placentae: plants parasitic. Order SANTALALES. Ovules m borne, but not on a basal Dn nta: plants not parasit RUBIALES. Ovary with one fertile cavity. Ovules numerous on a basal pod Prim RS in Order PRIMULALES. Ovule solitary, the placentae not porn Flowers not in heads, often in head-like spikes or racemes. Order P EE Flowers in involucrate heads. r CARDUALES. NG 7 "PAGE T45 81 1020 1020 813 1018 1078 -J 1057 1079 1044 1037 1044 1078 1244 1006 1283 1283 1247 1251 1020 1276 1297 DESCRIPTIVE FLORA SUBKINGDOM SPERMATOPHYTA GSxrzkpb-PrLANTS Plants producing flowers and seeds. A seed contains an em- bryo consisting of a short stem (radicle, caulicle, or hypocotyl), one, two, or several rudimentary leaves (cotyledons), and a term- inal bud (plumule). | Crass 1. GYMNOSPERMAE Coxr-PLANTS Carpel or pistil represented by a scale on the face of which the ovules are borne, and on which the naked seeds mature. Ordek CYCADALES — CYCADAL ORDER Palm-like or fern-like plants. Leaves in a crown: blades pinnate. Flowers in cones of approximate scales or on less modified leaves. Stam- inate cone with scales bearing several pollen-saes. Ovulate cone with two or more ovules on each scale. Seed drupe-like or nut-like. Faminy d. CYCADACEAE — Saco-patm FAMILY Dioecious plants with subterranean or aérial stems. Leaves clustered: d leaflets with 1 or several ribs or vei aminate cone deciduous vu- e leaf cone persistent. Seeds exposed on the margins of the ovu- late leaf or enclosed in a cone.—The most primitive living gr ieee even showing some characters of the ferns in thei r re S a about 9 genera and nearly 100 species in tropical and subtropical tcd | 1. ZAMIA L. Fern-like plants with erect, simple, or sometimes branched, subterranean, stout, fleshy, farinaceous, stems. Lea lets jointed to the rachis, with parallel veins. Cones stalked, the staminate one more slender than the ovulate one: scales i spiral. erect.—Represented by four species in Flori but more abundantly in the West Indies Il eontinental tropical ncs where other genera oceur as well.—CooNT CONTIS. COMPTIES. COMFORTROOTS. FLORIDA-ARROWROOTS. cece zamias were known to the early Seminoles as Conti Hateka which means white-root or white bread-plant. us co vd leaflets of a narrow type, 8-20-veined, entire or obscurely toothed at Leaflets Loss together on the rachis, mostly less than 11 cm. lon 1. Z. integrifolia. Leaflets r rather distant on the rachis, mostly over 12 cm. Blades of the leaflets narrowly linear-attenuate, 10—14- veined, 6 mm. wide or less. ^2. Z. angustifolia. Blades of mie mt broadly linear, 14—20-veined, 10 wide . Z. silvicola. Blades of the "leaflets of ps broad type, 20-30-veined, evidently callous-toothed at the apex. A OC . Z. umbrosa. -— 2 CYCADACEAE 1. Z. integrifolia Ait. Leaves 4-9 dm. long; leaflets 8-11 em. long, the blades linear, 3-7 mm. wide, 8—16-veined, often sever and very stiff: staminate SS Ak ogir A CU vm E ua ; . n [Z. floridana DO.]—Dry sandy pinelands or rarely eoastal dunes, I and N Fla., and occasionally lower —The starchy un- derground stem of this pes was the main or t i e stems are frequently branched. 2. Z. angustifolia Jacq. Leave long: lea 19-20 em. long, the £5 ades narrowly linear-attenuate, 3-6 m 10-14- eee, flat or nearly so, minutely toothed at the apex: ior edi. not seen in Fla. (Bahamian speci- mens are described as having ds andre epus cones 5-7 em. long and mo pem cones 8-9 em. long.)—Humus, wet ha oe islands, beca Royal Palm Hammock and Cape Sable, Fla—(W. I.)—The stems are Tar rge but simple. 8. Z. silvicola Small. Leaves 1 m. long or less dui 12-17 em. long, t bl SO 1.5 : e, f toothed at the apex: staminate cone Ee or ight tapering Ro 8-16: em. long: m HUE eru cone ps -eylindrie, mostly 9—14:em. long: nut- like part of seed broadly obovoid, 18-2 m. lo ong, dec idedly flattened, Sd pointed at both uc ME ae rich ders soil, aborigin nal vilage sites, x i eer rm . Fla.—Our most robust d often abundant on ric, 7 3 or rarely longer: nut-like. part oi Rd obovoid, 15-17 mm. long, evidently 3-sided. [Z. pumila CFI. ied U. 8.) ]— Hammocks, sand-dunes, and shell mounds, NE cud a hammock plant and especially abundant on the kitchen- middens and aboriginal sillage sites of the upper eastern coast. The stems are ao simple. ORDER PINALES — PINAL ORDER Shrubs or trees. Leaves scale-like, narrow, or needle-like, and often borne in bundles. Flowers mainly monoecious, the cones of spirally imbri- eate bracts, or in Taxaceae the ovulate flowers often solitary. Seed borne in a cone of dry or fleshy scales, or partly or wholly naked.—A group de- veloped later and more highly organized than the CYCADALES. Ovulate flowers several, with carpellary scales, these sometimes bracted: cone with either dry or fleshy scales. Carpellary a with bracts, not peltate: ovules inverted : buds scaly: wing accompanying the seed a portion of Hs carpellary scale. Fam.1. PINACEAE. PINACEAE 3 Carpellary scales without bracts, m js or fleshy : ovules erect: buds naked : wing of the seed, hen present, a portion of the testa. Fam. 2. JUNIPERACEAE. cu flowers solitary E mu ithout earpellary scales : ne dU o cOUDs or bacc ate. Fam. 3. TAXACEAE. Famy 1. PINACEAE — Ping FAMILY stly evergreen resin-yielding shrubs or trees, typically conie, with flaky or brittle "bark, the buds sealy. Leaves narrow ard s needle-like and usually several together, each group with a ia at the base. Ovulate ament with bracted scales Ovules inverted. Cone of dry scales. Seeds usually 2 on each scale, often samara-like.—A family of the first economic importance: its ‘members furnish lumber, resinous products, tanning materials, volatile oils. The species fall into a dozen genera of wide geographic distribution. Leaves several quac DE the bundle : surr ounded by a sheath at the base: cones matur- ing the second year Tribe I. PINEAE. 6e solitary, without a sheath: cones maturing the first Tribe II. ABIETINEAE. I. PINEAE Cone- s with dorsal, spine-armed appendages: leaves in l 2's or 3’s 1. PINUS. Sener cates with terminal unarmed appendages : leaves in D's. 2. STROBUS. II. ABIETINEAE Cone drooping: bracts shorter than the cone-seales Leaves 4- dde or nearly terete, SDECROIDES Boer: -sacs opening length wis 3. PICEA. m d apparently 2-ranked: anther-sacs opening trans- rsely. 4. TSUGA. Cone ree M longer than the cone ea 9. ABIES. 1. PINUS [Tourn.] L. Trees or rarely shrubs. Leaves needle-like, oe in 2’s or 3’s and each-with 2 fibro-vascular bundles. Staminate nts elon gate, at the ends of branches of the preceding year. Ovulate i Pru or ce elongate. Cone spreading: scales at length woody and spreading, each wit orsal, usually spine-armed appendage. Seed saniara-like.—A bout e mostly in the north tem mperate zone.—Spr.—PINES.—Most of our pines, especially the Md -leaved ones, are important timber (eoe duets of the leaf ne ions to the E bundle. L AUSTRALES, Branchlets terminated by brushes of relatively short, sti straight leaves: resin-ducts of the leaf remote from the fibro-vascular bundle II. 'RIGIDAE. Cone elongate, of a conic type and over tw long as thick when ciosed, slightly umbonate, SENE px EAT flat or slightly elevated, ecurved or hooked prickles. Cone-scales thin-edged, the preci coat flattish, the prickles hooked. 1. P. australis. Cone-scales COE ae the appendages turgid, the prickles l E slightly recurved. 2. P. caribaea. Cone short, of d pes void ty and less than twice lon T l T pe g as thick when closed,- prominently umbonate, me scale- appendages elevated, POSER pyramidal, with nearly straight M or decurved prickles | 3. P. palustris. RIGIDAE Scales of the ovulate ament stout, each with a short tip which scarcely equals the body in length. Cone over 8 c ce g. Cone br oadly losed a nd prominently un bonate ; Scales Pee dea. the appendages ‘projecting mo. e little, if at all, beyond the short spine 4. P. Taeda. 4 PINACEAE MORE narro owly conic when closed, and slightly um- bonate; seaies e m the appendage projecting far beyond the peer 5. P. heterophylla, Cone less. m 8 em Con roid or globular-ovoid, wen closed : leaves 15-25 Sono. abou 6. P. serotina. (une narrowly cor conic c when ede leaves 4—12 em. long, uide readily opening, each with a slender or nute pipes towards the Mont of the appen- dage, the ne sometimes deciduous or oD- solet Cone-scales wi ith minute, deciduous or obsole spines: scales of the Par no aments pee toothed at the T : bark the trunk rela- T. P. glabra. vely close and s nc a with slender persistent spines : scales of a staminate ents T bark of the 8. P. echinata. trunk broken into "angular pla Cone- scales tardily opening or a ay closed, each with a stout spine at the middle or towards the ba dc on the appendage. ae os the ovulate ament slender, each with a subulate tip veral times e length of the body. Gone. conic pres Closed. Ms when o open : Ds glaucous. 10. P. virginiana. 9. P. clausa. pis Scales. of the vis stillate ament recurved: appendages of relatively thin; spines slender, more 11. P.rigida. Scales of the Dis stillate ament ascending: appen ndages f the As ne-scales very thick; spines stout, more or less in . australis Michx. f. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, irregularly branched above, in 3’s, 90-40 em. long, bright-green, bout 12. P. pungens. > be - T EN Ey P. see Os) esi “ss e RI » obi cipes 9 a (Fl. SE MAS STRAW PINE SE KAA MA SES we T aw ty Am ae e 2 m 9 -— Qu e 99 HB £u e UR Qu A EE Q o e 99 a) HJ famed e B B RES St E SENS EX and S — as the one with the lon largest cones. A timber. tree of the first im- tine in the U. S. portance, and the principal source of rosin and turpen 2. P. car "aed Morelet. Tree usually smaller than P. australis: leaves in s. or 3’s, 18-30 cm. long (rar arely shorter), bright- green, on twigs about 5 mm diameter: a ament 2.5-4 em. long: ha ure ovulate ament Muir E —15 em. lo i i nic when closed, cylindric d 4-7 mm. long, m. lo or smaller.—(SLASH-PINE. CARIBBEAN-PINE. E.)— —Dr ry sandy or rocky soil, often calcareous, pen. Fla. and the low pce iu the coast to Miss. and Ga.—(W. I.)—The only pine growing ree on the oues Key 3. P. palustris staminate ament 3.5-5 cm alf m ture Scio ament En. eon -1 m. long, n ed ovoid ics tud. broadly ovoid open, each prs appendage very prominent: seed 6-8 mm. long, the wing 2-3 em. " PINACEAE 5 Elliott Engelm.]—(SLASH-PINE. SWAMP-PINE. mr d ponds, swamps, an low grounds, often acid, Coastal Plain, C Fla. to E La. and 8. C.—Inhabi Tune the jud or wet s ituations within the eae of P. i de and thriving under the influence of either salt or fresh water. e cones are about as long as those of the next preceding Pes but broader. : 4. P. Taeda L. Tree becoming 45 m. tall, the dark bark Mapa Dr E rough; pr in coarse plates: leaves in 3’s, glaucous, ong: e 10- 13 e . long, broadly conic when closed, ovoid or c EA spen e seale: e id i. T little, if at all, beyond the small spine: see m. long, the wing abou 1. long.—(LOB LOLLY-PINE. SHORT- LEA P PINE. yn D-PINE. d Or M Soil d e acid, Coastal e and. rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., Ten and S N. J. —A fter the anner of a weed completely foresting abandoned alae lands. P. oe eee Sudw. Tree becoming 35 m. tall, ee . bark shallowly furrowed: leaves uc r 3?s, glaucous, 12-25 cm. long, o touter than in P. Ta iE one 9— qe ong, conic when closed, ds d or ovoid- eylindri when open, the scale- -appen dages Nun ced ue the slender spine: seed 5-7 mm. long, the wing 2-2.5 e —(POoN SLASH- re ares ee des the eoast, Ga. and S. o: — tpi reduces ve palest bark and the softest wood of our pines and z the most restricted range. P. serotina Michx. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, with many short irregular pande near the base, Ho bark flaky: leaves in 3 ^s, glaucous, 2 em. long, iu sheath about 1 . long: staminate ament 1.5—2 em. long: cone 4—6 cm. long, ovoid or des -ovoid when closed, very broad Mes open, each —4 ng, t 2 em. long.—(BLACK-PINE. POND-PINE. MARSH-PINE.)—Sandy swamps and RUM ponds, frequently acid, Coastal Plain, Fla. i Ala. to S N. J.—The ones are much shorter and thicker than in its relative 7. P. glabra Walt. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, with a ES smooth grayish 4 m e ; " i WALTER.’S-PINE. )—Hammocks, bluffs and panes Coastal Plain, N Fla. to E La. and S. C.—Readily distinguished by smooth bark, the very oe leaves, and the small nearly unarmed co 8. P. echinata Mill. Tree up to 40 m. tall, the od ping into angular plates: leaves in 2’s or ag ga in 3’s, "dee ep-gre 8-12 long, slen- der; sheath 10—15 mm. long: e 3.5—6.5 em . long, Mus e close: ovoid when T3 hie appendage coe a Peng spine: seed 4—5 mm. long, the wing 1.5-2 ong. [P. mitis Michx.]—(SHORT-LEAF PINE. ELLOW-PINE. FOX- TAIL- Ped wu sterile and frequently dps soils, various provinces, N Fla. to ex, SE Kans., Ind., and S N. Y.—Thi o anging species may be distin- guished from its associates by its Pec nd 9. P. clausa (Eng elm.) Vasey. "Tree — a m. tall, the e Qaod smooth: leaves in 2’s, deep-green, 4-8 cm. long, very sle nder T; 8 5-7 m Pi 4.5-6 e : . long, e S appendage with a stout spine near middle: seed 4 mm. long, the wing about 1.5 e long.—( aU sonver PINE.)—Acid sand-ridges and dunes near the coast, and scrublan a. dj. Ala.—May be coni d by the numerous slender leaves and tlie E cones which are often slow to open. virginiana Mill. Tree becoming 36 m. tall, the bed pu cue Ro branches sinuous, the twigs g ndi d in 2 A ’ deep- green, 4— ong, rather stout; sheath 5-8 mm. lon one 5-7 em. long, ae conic ' when 6 PINACEAE E ovoid when open, p ad “appendage e a curved spine: seed a ong, the wing fully z3 nops A it. ]J— (SCRUB- PINE. JERS PIN E. POVERTY -PINE.)— Dry s e a various provinces, C Ga. to E Miss. - E: ~ nd S N. Y. id es dedi by its short stubby leaves and medium-sized uei yu rigida Mill. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, with stiff branches, the bark very rough, the twigs yellow: leaves in 3’ » bright- pir 6-12 cm. long, rather Hide sheath 10-15 mm. lon ng: cone 4—7 cm. long, ovoid when closed, globose- ovoid or pal eg E open, i seale- ‘appendages relatively thin, each with a recurved spine: seed 4—4.5 mm. long, the wing about 1.5 em. long .— (PITCH- PINE.) —Sterile in. usually acid soils, various oe N Ga. to Ont. and N. B. 12. P. pungens Lamb. Tree becoming yd a haa ee er id bur = flaky: leaves in 2's, pepe green, 5-10 e ong, long, very persistent, ovoid when closed, plobos ae or dé ET mul. oi the scale-appendages es a each w stout ineurved spine: seed 6-7 mm. long, the wing fully 2 em. puer Pantie. -MOUNTAIN PINE. 'TABLE-ROCK NE. a ed y—Rocky acid oe e nd cliffs, Piedmont to Appalachian ie inces, N o Pa. an tout leaves and very stout cones Min pr on d hod scales. Cones often e on the branehes for many year 2. STROBUS Opiz. Trees. Leaves needle-like, 5 together, mostly with 1 fibro-vascular bundle each. Staminate aments with involucral bracts at the base. Ovulate ament narrow, stalked. Cone drooping: scales leathery, with ~ Li neither dorsal appendage nor spine.—À genus represented in eastern America by the following and in the Pacific States by several other species. 1. S. Strobus (L.) Small. Tree becoming 50 m. tall, with a relatively smooth pons ge ap- ae © whorled branches: leaves 5 to- gether, 5-10 cm. long, glaucous, Man "slender; sheath deciduous or fugacious: ITOW, slightly tapering when open, 10-20 « em. ae often curved; scales bos Spreading: seed 6—7 mm. long, the wing about 2.5 em. long. pu Strobus L.]—(WH HITE-PINE).—Sandy i pU. various provin ge N Ga. to r—The most widely five- el slender leaves and long unarmed cones Se o a it from o Pics On (D z Uu ct H' 5 of Am mber trees, put g Scu ee by ener pum 3. PICEA Link. Trees. Leaves solitary, ascending ur erect, narrow, angled or terete, leaving sterigmata when falling. Pollen-saes ni length- wise. Ovulate ament with inconspicuous bracts. one dr —Spr.—A genus of 14 species of the more northern latitudes, represented in our area only in the higher mountains.—SPRUCES.—Some species are timber trees, and are, also, an important source of paper p l T idu copiously pubescent: leaves over 1 mm. broad, blunt or 1. P. rubens. Twigs AA glabrate or merely pubescent between the decurrent . sterigmata: leaves barely 1 mm. broad, acute. 2. P. australis. PINACEAE 7 1. rubens Sargent. Tree often becoming 30 m. tall, the bark rou ush: twigs stout, stiff, pubescent as are usually the sterigmata: leaves curved, 8—12 m. lon g, dee ep-green: ones ovoid, 2.504 em. long. [P. mariana (Fl. SE. L ie blac pruce—P. maria ( Mill.) AME CERO d. as growing in the N. C. Mts., has glaucous leaves and small i cones. P. australis Small. Tree Paon ing 40 m i the Sida pepe! smooth: E d slen- der er, glabro or merely pubesce n line | between the Es ueni glabrous pee leaves MEE 8-14 mm. long, de Or D SO, DUE gr reen: cone ellipsoid, oval o a mostly jo than em. long. TP. (Chapm. F1.)|—(SovTH Us SPR SAM. a “Dr acid slopes, mu nore liffs, Blue Ridge, N. C. id Va. ip ess common dn. the preceding. ue in forests unmingled with other trees. 4. TSUGA Carr. Trees. Leaves distichously spreading: blades linear, glaucous beneath, not jointed to sterigmata. Pollen-saes opening transversely. Ovulate ament with inconspicuous bracts. Cone drooping. There are 7 species native of North America and Asia.—HEMLOCKS.—Spr.—Some species are tim- ber trees. Twigs tomentose with Jone hairs: cones narrowly ovoid when closed, 1.8—2.3 c long: scales nearly e i. T. epe Ry Twigs tomentose with Shot hairs, or glabrate: cones cylindric- ellipsoid .when closed, 3 cm. long: scales spreading at right . angles. 2. T. caroliniana. 1. T. canadensis (L.) Carr. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, with a scaly- pres pid ps loosely spreadi ng, 6-14 mm. long, obtuse at the apex: stami inate l m in di S s, Ga. and Ala. t .8 pu Picea nb. this tree is fond of moist plaees and on yid often forms extensive forests. It is & graceful tree, with pliable branches, soft foliage, and smooth cones. L4 2. T. caroliniana Engelm. Tree becoming 25 m. tal, the bark relatively smooth: leaves rigidly spreading, mostly notched a a minate a t about 3 mm h stamina men , in diameter: cone ovoid when open, 25-30 mm. long; scales iji Or nearly so: seed-wing ellipsoid, over 1 em. long.—(CRAG-HEMLOCK. CAR A- HEMLOCK anaes and rocky slopes, frequently acid, Bl ; j ue Ridge Ga. to S Va.—A striking tree, but not graceful. The rigid branches are bristly with the ME leaves and even the cones are bristly on account of the widely divergent scales 6 PINACEAE 5. ABIES [Tourn.] Hill. Trees. Leaves distichously spreading on twigs and branchlets: blades = not jointed to sterigmata. Pollen-sacs opening transversely or nearly so. ulate ament with conspicuous bracts. Cone erect, eylindric.—A genus Males of high latitudes and mountains, with only 2 species in the eastern United States, S species in western North America and about a dozen in the Old World.—Firs.— Some of the western species are valuable timber trees. Canada balsam is an exuda- tion in the blisters on the trunk of 4 balsamea. 1. A. Fraseri (Pursh) Lindl. Tree bee ing 25 mm. tall, the bark with balsam ici. ing blisters: leaves 1-2 cm. long; blades s above, oo. s staminate ent 0— em. lon 8 mm. long: e 4-5 sales fabellate a eae. ee ate: eed 4-5 . long, the wing a abou 2 as pda - (Siven: FIR. BALSAM-F SH BALSAM. HORN. BLISTER- E Add swamps, ce and summits, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, N. C. and Tenn. to W. Va.—Spr.—A related da species, A. balsamea, with eluded cone -braets, may occur in NW N. C. Famity 2. JUNIPERACEAE — Juniper FAMILY Mostly evergreen often slightly resiniferous shrubs or trees, with fibrous, shreddy bark, the buds naked. Leaves mainly appressed or some- times subulate and spreading. Ovulate ament with bractless scales. Ovules See ngless, or winged, the wing a portion of the testa.—About 12 gen- era, widely tributed. The woods and the products are of great eco- nomic importance. Plants monoecious: cones dry, merely imbricated. u^ Mes long and ze not scale-like, spreading: scales of the ovulate cones rally placed, imbricate. Tribe I. TAXODIEAE. eee Scale-like, cay appressed and imbricate (s du n. imes spreading on twigs) : scales of the ovu- Jat nes decussately opposite or ternate. ribe II. CUPRESSEAE. x Beats dioecious: cone berry-like or drupe- like: s fleshy, coalescent. Tribe III. JUNIPEREAE. I. TANODIEAE Trees Moa ag erect * knees" from the root-system: leaves deciduo 1. TAXODIUM. IT. UPRESS Cones elongate: scales not peltate, the tip apteally thickened, often apiculate or hooked below the a Cones drooping: seales not hooked near EM apex: seeds Wingless: branchlets in num Es oo 2. THUJA. Cones erect: scales hooked below the apex: seeds ced: branchlets in vertically disposed fron 3. BIOTA. in nearly globular: scales peltate, the cone planus thick- ned tops ending in short tee 4, CHAMAECYPARIS. o Leaves subulate and spreadin the ature branches: aments axillary, the ETAT wid smaller seales at the top. 0. JUNIPERUS. cs seale-like and appressed on e mature branches: . ments terminal, the pistillate with pm ger scales at the top. 6. SABINA. XODIUM L. C. Rich. Deciduous-leaved trees, the roots producing — conic ‘‘knees.’’ Leaves often almost 2-ranked: blades narrow. Staminate JUNIPERACEAE 9 aments in panieled spikes or racemes. Ovulate ci with peltate scales. Cone de ane globular or obovoid, the scales woody, stalked. Seed wingless. —Comprises three species of the southern Atlantic and a seaboard.—Spr.— The "ot has exceptionally durable qualities.—CYPRESSES.—Inhabitants of low grounds Leaves 2-ranked, widely spreading: branchlets usually horizontal: bark thin, com- paratively smooth. 1. T. distichum. Leaves appressed to the erect branchlets; bark thick, strongly furrowed. 2. T. ascendens. 1. T. distichum (L.) L. C. Rich. Tree becoming 50 m. tall, the eae b dus eonie, narrowly ridged, the bark thin, relatively smooth: leaves long, often curved: cone globular abou t 2.5 em. in diameter: seed 8-10 mm.' ong.— A or rarely rocky slopes, often over calcareous en agree Plain and rarely adj. prov- in Tex. Mo. ; o "rare along udson Riv Y whe erhaps coves The character istic cypress of river sw O y large tree with the E te lly taper- ing near the base. It is usually copiously branched. 2. T. ascendens Brongn. Tree BE eed smaller than T. distichum, but B e fruit, he p less abundant, the trunk with a conoidal broadly ridged base: leaves incurved ; blades 0.5-1 em. long. [Z. imbricarium (Nutt. arper.|—(PoNnD D-CYPRESS.) i a S dry barrens, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Va.—The cypress of ponds and. m wee e es. It is less us c. the preceding. The bark is rougher than t of T. distichum, and as a consequence the trees are sometimes iD. infested with air -plants. 2. THUJA L. i en trees. Leaves seale-like, 4-ranked, often with a gland on the back. Staminate aments solitary. Ovulate ament with imbricate scales. Cone drooping, ellipsoi or ovoid, the scales leathery, lax. Seeds winged on both sides.—About 15 species, native of North America and Asia. Only two species in America, one in the eastern part and one in the western.— ARBORVITAES. T. occidentalis L. Tree up to 18 m posed f id ves appressed, those of the branches 5-7 mm. long: staminate ament glo d ose: "E id ament with erect scale-tips: 9-1 ong; scales obtuse, each apiculate below ‘the P pcm A HITE-CEDAR. AN- E.)—Swamps or rocky emu p pirum "Blue Ri des and more northern T e N. C. and Tenn. to Man. and N —Spr — of the cool . climate pee Rees in range only in the mountains. It is used in horticulture. The wood has few uses in ^ the industries 10 JUNIPERACEAE 3. BIOTA Endl. Evergreen trees. ea placed in a vertical plane, with both sides alike. Leaves scale-like, 4-ranked, with a gland on the back. Staminate aments solit Ovulate dd with fleshy imbrieate seales. Cone erect, slightly slongate, A scales S each with ook below the apex Seeds i ingles Sv 6 ne na native of eastern Asia, and widely cult yu dme. l. B. orientalis (L.) Endl. Tree 9 m. tall or less, the branches in vertically dis- esse 7 (0) e t ate ament E ovulate ament vith cured scale- tips: cone erect, mostly 15-25 mm. long; scales hooked below the apex. [Thuja orien- Ni talis L.]—(CHINESE-ARBORVITAE. ASIATIC- | ARBORVITAE.)— Sandy soil, coast of Fla. Nat. of Asia.—All year.—Not bed naturalized, but persistent about abandoned parem and er spon 4. CHAMAECYPARIS Spach. Trees. Leaves scale-like and imbricate, each with a gland on the back, or sometimes subulate on twigs. Staminate aments terminal. Ovulate aments with peltate scales. (ous spreading, globu- lar: scales woody, appendage winged. About 7 species, two in western orth America and several in eastern Asia. —CYPRESSES. 1. C. us ae B. S. P. Rl i pun tree becom tall: leav long, Bey ae the lateral hoi po the vertical convex: staminate a ovulate ament glau- cous, the scales with hyaline appendages cone globular, 2 ter: seed narrowly winged [C : Fe elie Spach. ] — ( WHITE- CEDAR. ) — Acid swamps, Co d Plain and rarely adj. E ovinees, N F o Miss. and Me .—Spr.—À E pisa s 2 n bes rdg nud s habit, but with quite different mode of branching. The natural growth is being rapidly des by. RE the trees for e poles. The wood has many in the industries. 5. JUNIPERUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves in 3’s, subulate, neither imbricate nor appressed, glandless. Staminate aments axillary. Ovu- late ament with ovules alternate with the scales. Cone baccate. Seeds wingless. —Spr.— ists of ten or fifteen species, mostly in the more northern parts of the aoa hemisphere.—JUNIPERS. A depressed shrub, with creeping branches: leaves abruptly bent at the s c channeled, rather abruptly pointed. 1. J. sibiri A tree; leaves straight or nearly so, shallowly channeled, gradu- . ally acumi nate. 2. J. communis. TAXACEAE | 11 1. J. sibirica Burgsd. Depressed xd e radiating branches rarely rising over 5 dm., often matted: leaves stout, stly 5-8 mm. long, abruptly curved at the TA erect or ere ada dei E cone globular, 8-10 mm. in dia —(MOUNTAIN-JUNIPER.) — Dry gravelly E Blue Ridge and more northern prov N. C. to Rocky Mts., Alas., and Lab.— (Eurasia) Our two species of. juni- n a pr the branches on the ground and dd ascend- ing at the tips. 2. J. communis L. Erect tree becoming 8 m. tall: leaves slender, 10—20 mm. long, spreading, gradually narrowed at the apex: cone globular, 6-8 mm. in diameter.—Dry sandy hills, t cr and more northern provinces, Ga. to N. M. and Can.—( Eurasia. )—Rare in our range. 6. SABINA Haller. Shrubs or trees. Leaves Mops except sometimes on twigs, appressed, often imbricate, each with a gland in the back. Staminate aments terminal on branchlets. Ovulate ament with rM opposite the scales. Cone baccate. Seeds wingless.—Spr.—About 25 species, most abundant north- ward, but ranging southward to the West Indies and Mexico.—CEDARS. SAVIN Staminate ament 3—4 mm. long: cone 5-6 mm. long. 1. S. virginiana, Staminate ament 4—5 mm. long: cone 3—4 mm. long. 2. S. silicicola. S. virginiana (L.) Antoine. Tree becoming 30 m. tall: net like leaves cone opposite, 4-ranked, 1-4 mm. long, acute: staminate ament 3-4 mm. long: sub- E 5-6 mm. long, glabrous: see 3—4 long, smooth. [Juniperus vir gin ]— REDP-CEDAR.) —Dr or arely swamps, nearly throughout east the Great Pl The foliage is strong scented. The durable heart-wood is used in cabinet e put es spe cially for lead-pencils. The uch eaten by birds and the seeds a "widely dis- tributed. E ie: reaches its maximum developm in region, forming pure dur ERN in the so-called Cedar Dun n the Interior Do Plateau provine 2. S. sili ud Small. Tree zd ho virginiana in habit, but with shor and d rather o leaves, the is atively m apex elosely appressed: staminate ament 4— g: uis or ellipsoid-ovoid, 3—4 mm. long. [S. bar- badensis E L SE. U U. S.) ]-— (SOUTHERN RED-CEDAR.)—Sand and clay soil, Coastal Plain n T. I.)—With the same qualities and a source 2 the me produe as ce preeeding. The natural supply has been ex- hausted through the EDS of peneil wood. FaAwiLY3. TAXACEHAE — Yew FAMILY Evergreen shrubs or trees, mostly destitute of resin, the buds sealy. Leaves distichously spreading: blades narrow, entire. Staminate ament 12 TAXACEAE mostly few-flowered, with scaly involueres. Ovulate ament most 1-flow- s the earpellary scale wanting. Cone baccate or drupaceous, wholly r partially enclosed by a pulpy : eup- -like aril.—About 12 genera, widely distributed, Many kinds are used in ornamental horticulture Ovulate flowers usually 2 together: ovule borne in a cup: seed nu in the accrescent cup: endosperm channeled : pollen-sacs 4. 1. TUMION. Ovulate flowers usually solitary : ovule borne in a cup: seed surrounded b e accrescent cup: endos sperm even: pollen- uis more than 4. 2. TAXUS. TUMION Raf. Trees. Leaves rigid. Staminate ament with 4 pollen- sacs under each scale. Ovulate ament usually with 2 ovules. Seed baccate, the pericarp fleshy. [Torreya Arn.]—Besides the following, there are three other species, one in California and two in eastern Asia. : ae race (Arn.) Greene. Tree be- ing 18 m. tall, with obrui i dp pos icu bruised: peus blades linear, 1.5-3 ec long, firm-tipped: staminate amen nt 5 8 . long: seed dp i g or som 1 —4 long, g AR ORREYA.)—Bluffs and woods along the: ir ad River, and tributary Streams, Fla. dj. Ga.—Spr.—Limited : in distribution, bul often plentiful Bd it & ey gro The wood is durable, and m of m, the pem specimens have been destroyed for making fence-posts. The seeds are favorite food of wild rodents. The fear soot is bo yellow. 2. TAXUS [Tourn.] L. Diffuse shrubs, or trees. Leaves leathery. Stami- nate ament with mostly 6-8 pollen-sacs under each scale. Ovulate ament with 1 ovule each. Seed nut-like, surrounded by the LA aril, except the apex.— About 6 species, of wide Mim distribution. shrubby one occurs in NE N. and may extend into NW N. C., and an is ind ranges west of the ee divide. Te European species was formerly much used in ecclesias- tical ceremonies, and much superstition was associated with the tree.—YEWS ad floridana Nutt. Tree becoming 6 all, m -scented when bruised: leaf- blades narrowly linear, 1-2 cm. long, sharply apiculate: ao light- -red, 6-10 mm. long, t the o oid, m. long— (YEW. FLORIDA-YEW.)— BI zs ind woods long the pe A River, ad tributary ou des e ess common than TORREYA. On unt of its smaller size, limited dis- tribution and comparative scarcity, it has not been used economically. The oe wood is light- brown. TYPHACEAE 18 Crass 2. ANGIOSPERMAE SEED-POD PLANTS Carpel or pistil with a closed cavity within which the ovules are borne and the seeds mature SUBCLASS 1. IMONOGOTVERDONES Monocoryis Stem consisting of a ground-mass of soft tissue in which bundles of wood- cells are dn placed. Early leaves alter- nate. This subelass embraces one-fourth of the living seed-plants. Order PANDANALES — PANDANAL ORDER Perennial, aquatic or marsh herbs, with elongate rootstocks. Leav with narrow blades. Flowers in narrow racemes or globular Dikes. Perianth of scales or bristles. Androecium of 2.7 stamens. Gynoecium l- or 2-carpellary. Fruit nut-like. Racemes cylindric: perianth of bristles. Fam. 1. TYPHACEA Spikes (heads) globular: perianth of scales. Fam. 2. SPARGANIACEAE. Famity 1. TYPHACEAE — CAT-TAIL FAMILY Plants erect. Raceme spike-like, solitary and terminal, subtended by deciduous mob the staminate portion uppermost. Peri anth of bristles. Pistil stipitate: stigma narrow, spatulate, elliptic, or rhomboidal.—A fam- ily of uncertain relation ship. Consists of the following genus. H rn.] L. Ereet herbs with sheathed stems. Leaves d with lines Bude pc cylindric, the pistillate portion brown.—About 1 species of tropical and temperate regions. Represented in our range by , species, widely distributed.—Sum.—fall—.—CAT-TAILS. REED-MACES. CooPER’s REEDS. CAT-O"-NINE-TAILS.— The rootstocks were an aboriginal food. . Raceme with staminate and pistillate portions usually ae pollen of simple grains: oo of the mature pistillate raceme short, rigid, 1 mm. lon r le Raceme with a e and pistillate portions usually contig- uous: pollen ne in 4s : pedicels of the pistillate raceme bristle- like, 2-3 mm. lon . T. latifolia. 1. T. angustifolia. "m leaves are used for making mats and t hairs of the fruits to stuff pillows eg S xeu mattresses AN Lp folia L. Stem about 1-2.5 m. p. tall: leaf-blades 10-25 m i e m dark-brown or black, the pistillate portion 2. .0—9. thick, contiguous did $ nate: Mu E e Or e nu z: furrowed.—Shores of lakes, ponds, fos rivers, and Tong —— through- t U. S. and Cs uu )—Used for the same purposes as the preceding. 14 SPARGANIACEAE FaAxiLyY 2. SPARGANIACHAE—Bur-REED FAMILY Plants erect, or rarely floating. Spikes Aen borne in racemes or panicles, or spicate, their bracts. persistent. Perianth of scales. Pistil sessile: stigma subulate, lanceolate, elliptic, or em Fruit an achene. Related to the oe but with less modified flower-parts. Comprises the following genus 1. SPARGANIUM [Tourn.] L. Plants growing in low grounds, marshes, or deep water. Stem not sheathed. Leaves erect and triangular-keeled at the base or floating and flat.—About 24 species in temperate and boreal regions.— A dozen species additional to those described below occur elsewhere in North America.—Sum.—BUR-REEDS Achene fusiform, the body stalked: fruit-producing flowers pedi- celled. 1. S. americanum. Achene obovoid or obpyramidal, sessile: fruit-producing flowers sessile. 2. S. eurycarpum. i. S. americanum Nutt. Plant 2-8 dm. tall, simple or branched: staminate heads mostly less than 1 em. thick: A head 1-2 em. thick: achene-body 6-7 mm. long, narrowed at the apex, stipit [S. simplex (Chapm. Fl.) ]—River- iue akes S M and Plants ari branched inforeseenes have been referred to S. androcladum. S. eurycarpum Engelm. Plant por -head 2.5 em. th m. long, rounded or depressed at the i sessile.—Marshes, psi banks, and M various A Fla. to Calif., B. j Newf.—T = ae plan ET Y Hol ills ence ponds and str ae the dense growth of r resem- bling species of iris or of sweet-flag (Acorus). OnpER NAIADALES — NAIADAL ORDER Perennial aquatie or marsh herbs. Leaves various, sometimes mere phyllodia. Flowers usually symmetric. Perianth wanting or imperfect. Androecium usually of 1-4 stamens. Gynoecium simple or several-car- pellary. Gynoecium of distinct carpels. Fam. 1. ZANNICHELLIACEAE, Gynoecium of one carpel, or of united carpels. oa E and pistillate flowers borne alternately i on e-sided spadix, laterally atta i Fam. 2. ZOSTERACEAE. Sm due pose pistillate flowers borne in the leaf- axils. Staminate flower consisting of 2 anthers termin- ating an elongate pedicel: perianth wanting: stigmas liform : eaulescent plants with en- tire leaf-blades. Fam. 3. CYMODOCEACEAE. c Rd sessile or nearly so, consisting of nther surrounded by the perianth: stigmas "eupulate- caulescent plants with spiny toothed leaf-blades. Fam. 4. NAIADACEAE. ZANNICHELLIACEAE 15 Famity 1. ZANNICHELLIACEAE — Ponpweep FAMILY Aquatic caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, filiform or with broad entire us oe distinct earpels. .Fruit a cluster or spike of drupelets. —Five genera and bout 80 species, most abundant in temperate regions. Flowers monoecious, axillary : leaves opposite. Tribe I. ZANNICHELLIEAE. Flowers perfect, borne in stalked clusters or spikes : leaves al- ernate. Tribe II. RUPPIEAE. I. ZANNICHELLIE eer a herbs, the very slender leaves with c stipu 1. ZANNICHELLIA. RUPPIEAE Stamens 2 or sometimes solitary, the connective without ap- pendages: drupelet manifestly stipitate. 2. RUPPIA. eee 4, the connective with dilated appendages : drupelet sile. 3. POTAMOGETON. 1. ZANNICHELLIA [Mich.] L. Delicate herbs of fresh or brackish water. Leaves with narrow blades and inconspicuous bases. Flowers mo- noecious: staminate with 1 stamen: pistil- l late with 2-6 carpels together. Drupelets clustered, curved, crested.—Two or three species, widely distributed. | 1. Z. palustris L. Stem 2-7 dm. a Pao 2-7 em. P acute: drupelets sometimes 6, together, the body E mm. long, short stipitate.—( ORNED-PONDWEED.) —Ponds, Pod and p throughout S. a —(W. I., C. A. )— — Oft ten in pos mats just beneath the c of the water. 2. RUPPIA L. Delicate herbs of salt or brackish water. Leaves with slender blades and conspicuous bases. Flowers perfect. Stamens 2. ele 4, Drupelets clustered, oblique, crestless.—Thre or four species, very widely distributed. ritima is Stem 3-10 dm. long: (W. i654 s —Sum.-fall.——Commonly in exten- d dense masses just beneath ae dpa the water. In the extreme souther | Coastal Plain the plant may be coal in ihe winter. 3. POTAMOGETON [Tourn.] L. Herbs growing mostly in fresh water. Leaves various, the submerged and floating mainly different. Flowers perfect, spicate. Stamens 4, with appendaged anthers. Carpels 4. Drupelets 4 to- gether, spicate, sessile—About 70 species, widely distributed in temperate 16 ZANNICHELLIACEAE regions.—POoNDWEEDS. FisHWEEDS.—Both the submerged ane the floating inds often occur in such dense masses that navigation by small boats is seriously im mpeded. Plants are sometimes collected en masse and oe as fer- tilizer. Our plants usually flower in sum. Stipules axillary, free from the lea Plant P DOE submerged E D leaves. Submerged leaves without blades. loeng leaves with ovate or oval er oe eee or rounded at the base: flowering spikes , 0-0 m thic . P. natans. Floating leaves with narrowly elliptic Dee acute at both C flowering spikes 1-2 . long, | 2,5-4 mm. 2. P. floridanus. Subme rged EF with normal blades. Blades of submerged leaves of 2 form Blade of the floating leaves Coro dte at the base: druplet- beak erect. 3. P. pulcher. Blade of the floating leav A rounded at the base: deupelet heal obliqu Blades of submerged Jeaves fes bike. 4. P. amplifolius. Submerged leaves with ear or nearly linear blades. l Leaf-blades with coarsè cellular reticulation in the middle. 5. P. epihydrus. Leaf- blades with inconspicuous cellular reticulation 6. P. heterophyllus. es te ed es ‘with lanceolate or oblanceo- ate bl Leaf. blades disti netly petioled. 7. P. fluitans. 8. P. angustifolius. Leaíf- Dc sessile or nearly so. Plant with subm s only. Leaf-blades bro Blade EROR petioled oe nearly sessile. 9. P. lucens. 10. P. perfoliatus. 11. P. Curtissii. Blade clasping the st Leaf- EXE ins or filiform. e 1- 'e Blade 3-nerved. I crested : plants without propagating or glan nds. 12. P. foliosus. Drupelet crestless : plants with both propa- . ating buds and glands. 13. P. pusillus. Stipules sans a ~ blades or to the petioles of the sub- ged leave Plant a vith both "submerged and floating leaves: drupelet creste 14. P. diversifolius. Plant with submerged leaves only: drupelet crestless. 15. P. pectinatus. 1. P. natans L. Leaves of 2 kinds, the submerged phyllodia, the floating ones with ovate or oval blades 4-9 em. "long, rounded.or subcordate at the base: anther notched at the apex: drupelet sho: void, 4—4.5 mm. long, scarcely keeled.— aes water and slow streams, various prov- inces, s to Calif., B. C, and N. S.— (Eurasia. ) 2. P. floridanus Small Smaller than P. natans: floating leaves with narrowly ellip- tie blades 4—7 em. long, acute at both ends: anther apiculate at the apex: drupelet smaller than in P. natans.—Blackwater River, W Fla 3. P. pulcher oe Leaves of 3 kinds, he lower in LL ed ones leathery, the blades spat ovate, the upper submerged ones narrower, flimsy, floating pum "ith leathery ovate or DUAE -ovate, cordate blades: qe ZANNICHELLIACEAE 17 turgid, 4—4.5 mm. long, S-kecled— (Heanmuar. -PONDWEED.)—Ponds, various provinces, Fla. to Ark., B. C., 4. P. amplifolius Tuckerm. Leaves of 3 kinds, the lower submerged ones with WEAR ird acute at each end, the upper 'subm merged ones mostly smaller han the lower ones; 2 ll to oval, the floating unn with thiek ovate Es oval blades ide d at the base: drupe elet turgid, 4—5 mm. long, the middle keel prominent. Mire be Pon various provinces, Fla. to Ark., Calif., B. C., and N. S. . P. epihydrus Ra f. Leaves of 2 ki nds, the submerged m linear 5-nerved blades the up ae ir elliptie or obovate blades 3-8 em. long: drupelet ad -obovoid, long, the middle keel sharp. [P. pe nnsylvawicus Willd., = Nu a Ci & Schlecht.]|—Ponds and streams, various provinces, S. C. to . C. and Newf. 6. P. heterophyllus Schreb. Leaves of 2 kinds, the submerged narrowed up- ward, inconspicuously reticulate, the floating ones with oval or elliptic blades 15-4 em. long, abruptly pointed: drupelet 1.5-3 mm. long, i E 3- Pe — Stil or flowing water, throughout U. S. and S Can.—(W. I., Mex Eurasia.) P. fluitans Roth. Leaves of 2 kinds, the submerged long-petioled, with cds blades, the eae ones with ellipti ic, sometimes gene so, long- petioled blades 4—15 cm. long, bie acute: drupelet 3.5-4 mm. long, the Ru Er lx ent. "IP. americanus Cham. & Schlecht., P. nee Tuck- and ponds, various pre ee, Fla. to Calif., B. C., and N. B.— (W. I5 Mer., | » 8. P. angustifolius Berch. & Presl. Leaves of 2 kinds, the submerged with ri 5—15 em. long, the on ones with elliptie, nearly sessile blades 3—10 lon ng: drupelet 2.5-3.5 mm. long, 3-keeled, abru pri y pointed. [P. Zizii Roth. d and 3 m various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and Me. . P. lucens L. Leaves of 1 pc e. d Nc ud or mater or oval above, 5-20 em. lon ee and often rulate at the eke nearly sessile: dru pelet 3 mm. os tant. Pons wir Ce Bun» WEED.)—Ponds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif. and N. S.—(W. I. Mez., O. W.) 10. P. d ded L. Leaves submerged; blades suborbieular to ovate or lanceolate, 2 long, usually obtuse and serrulate at the apex, cordate- perfoliate: a 2.5-3 mm. long, obscurely 3-keeled.—Slow rivers and ponds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., HE Newf.—(Enu.) 11. P. Curtissii Morong. Leaves submerged; blades linear-filiform, 1—4 deris l-ribbed, hair-tipped: drupelet not seen.—Tidal creeks, Blackwater River region, W Fla. 12. P. pis Raf. Leaves very many, dry aes eue 2 or filiform, 1.5-5 . long, 3-ribbed, acute: drupelet mm. long, middle keel crest like. [ P. d iier Streams and EA x provinees, Fla. to Calif., B. C., and N. B.—(W. I., Mez.) 13. P. pusi nee L. uds numerous, sia pid linear Ey linear- filiform, 2-8 em. long, 3-ribbed, aeute: oid t 1.5-2 mm. long, the middle keel not erest- ike, or cbsolete.—Slow ams and Ponts various ae Ala. to Calif., B. C., N. S., and N. C.— "Mem. Eurasia.) 2 18 CY)? CEACEAE 14. P. diversifolius Raf. Leaves of 2 kinds, the sr ed linear-setaceous, is b seh es ea oval, or elliptic-lanceolate, 1-2.5 em. long: drupelet tim ong, t middle We up d) [P. hybr idus Michx .]—Ponds bo sin ees various provinees, Fla. ex., Calif., 2 Me.—(W. I., Mez.) 2 P. pectinatus L. Leaves of 1 kind, all submerged, setaceous or filifor —15 em. long: drupelet 1.5 mm. long, crestless ——Stüll water or streams, various es Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C. and Que.—(W. I., O. W.) Famity 2. ZOSTERACEAE — Ezr-GRASS FAMILY Marine herbs. Leaves alternate: blades narrow, the base inflated. Flowers monoecious, alternating on a flat spadix; staminate a pem anther; durus E 2 with a style e two capillary sti in eoastal region 1. ZOSTERA L. Plants cae e or floating. Leaf-blades elonga pathe thin-edged.—About 8 species in both the Old World and the New x i pes L. Leaf- rur linear, 3. Dog vide: spadix 5-6.5 em. lon seed Souk 20- ribbed ene WRACK. EEL. RASS.)—Streams, bays, and ditches along the coast, Fla. to Newf.; also on Pacif. —(0. W.) i ] 25d rt XS - SAVE’ IMMER (eA i = Cary “SSS estar minor has been repor region, but imperfect material of the next following species has been mistaken for it. Famity 3. CYMODOCEACEAE — MANATEE-GRASS FAMILY Submerged herbs with jointed rootstocks. Leaves clustered at the nodes or on n short branches each with a sheath and a narrow blade. Flowers noecious or dioecious. Perianth wanting. Androecium a pair of anthers terminating a long stalk. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, terminating in a style an elongate stigmas, or of 1 earpel. Fruit an oblique nutlet.— Comprises 2 genera and 10 species, Pd. distributed. Anthers equally attached to the stalk: stigmas 2: leaf-blade terete or nearly so 1. CYMODOCEA. Anthers unequally attached to the stalk: stigma 1: leaf-blade flat. 2. HALODULE. 1. CYMODOCEA Koenig. Rootstock elongate. Leaves terete or half- ‘terete above the sheaths. Flowers hidden e leaf- sheaths, or the staminate ecc Seven or eight species, in tropical regions. 1. C. manatorum Aschers. Plant growing on sandy bottoms, the short stems arising from the nodes of ‘the rootstock: leaf-blades m linear, 5-25 em. long: nutlet 6-7 long, r ; i Seldom seen unless dredged up c or blown ashore during storms. NAIADACEAE 19 . HALODULE Endl. Rootstock elongate. Leaves flat above the sheaths. Flowers borne in the leaf-sheaths or the staminate long-exserted. —Two species, one in the Old World and one in the New l. H. Wrightii Aschers. Plant growing on sandy bottoms, the short stems aris- ing from the nodes of the Ede leaf- ades narrowly linear, ao long: nutlets sessile.—B hcm alon the coast, southern Fla., partieularly on eef.—(W or 1 these plants only associated ass with n turtle- grass “Thalassia, on sand botto FAMILY 4. NAIADACEAE — Narap FAMILY Mostly fresh-water herbs. Leaves mainly opposite: blades mostly eur tlie o dilated. Flowers o axillary : staminate, a double peri a single stamen: pistillate, a gynoecium consisti ing of an a a style, and 2 or 3 stigmas. Fruit drupaceous.—Consists of the fol- lowing genus: 1. NAIAS L. Submerged plants with usually much-branched stems S humerous, the margins prominently or oo toothed.—-A bout 10 species, salle a almost eosmopolitan.—N A1A Flowers monoeci ous : internodes and lower surfaces of the eav Anther {celled : : seeds shinin g. 1. N. flexilis. anier 4-celled : seeds 1d ted. 8 eaf-margins w nute subulate teeth. 2. N. guadalupensis. eaf-margins w ith pronase triangular teeth. 3. N. conferta. Florwers d. MEE internodes and low surfaces of the e spir ben p 9. 5 n wide, with 15-24 marginal teeth: internodes filifor Lezves about 2 Bn: ` wide, with 6-10 marginal teeth : internodes stout. 4. N. gracilis. N. marina. l. N. flexilis ee Rostk. ae pcd Stem slender: leaves more numero rather closer together and s r than ~ next following; blade mainly acuminate: drupelet 3-4 mm. D z Stream and ponds, various provinces, S. C. 3 B. C., and Lab.—(W. I. ? Mez. ? o w= Sum.—This and some of the following species a mins colleeted for E Dried en is occasionally used as a packing Mr E N. guadalupensis (Spreng.) ed Stem ipd or filiform: leaves 10—26 m long; blade acute: drupelet about 2 mm long. mie. per lakes, various provinees, 2 to Tex., en and Pa.—(W. I., Mex., C. A. ud —fal 20 | ALISMACEAE . N. conferta A. Br. Similar to N. flexilis in habit, but the leaves more slender Made wi with prominently mE. -toothed margins. — Tidal creeks, W Fla. 4. N. gracilis E Small. Stem filiform, the internodes slightly armed near the top: leaf-blades e un um dr rupelet mainly less than 4 mm long.—Creeks and ponds, Fla.—All yea 5. N. marina L. Stem stout, the ps strongly armed ur nol blades linear, acute: drupelet mainly over 4 mm. long. [N. m Lp Lakes, rivers, marshes, and salt MER various provinees, Fla. E^ Calif., Minn., and N. Y.—(W. I., Mez., O. W.)—Sum. ORDER ALISMALES — ALISMAL ORDER Marsh or aquatie herbs. Leaves alternate, mere phyllodia, or with dilated blades. . Flowers regular. Perianth of sepals and usually also of petals. Androecium of 3-6 stamens or more. Gynoecium of 3-many earpels. Petals nearly similar to the sepals: carpels co- herent. . Fam. 1. SCHEUCHZERIACEAE. Petals very different from the sepals: carpels not coherent. Fam. 2. ALISMACEAE. FAwinLyY 1. SCHEUCHZERIACEAE — Arrow-crass FAMILY Perennial herbs. Leaves narrow or slender above E dilated bases. Flowers ey in spikes or racemes. Perianth herbaceous. G 3-6-carpellary. Style gine or obsolete. Fruit 3-6 turgid e — 1. TRIGLOCHIN L. Acaulescent herbs, the perianth inconspicuous.— ine species, in subarctic and temperate regions. Two species, additional to the following, occupy similar habitats in North America north of our range. 1. T. striata R. & P. Plants glabrous: leaves 2-3 dm. long, attenuate: raceme 2-15 em. long: sepals ovate or oval, less inis 1 mm. long, greenish or light-yellow: fruit .5-2 mm. in di iame E , each carpel 3-ribbed. Salt-m es, river- uate and of lakes, mostly near the coast, Fla. to La d al lif Mex., S. A.) —Sum.-fal " or all year S.—Reaches its best developme in the coastwide miansnes: It is rare in fe Plorida lake region. Faminty 2. ALISMACEAE — WarER-PLANTAIN FAMIL Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves basal, the blades flat, often with basal lobes, or mere phyllodia. Flowers perfect, mon oecious, or dioecious, whorled. Sepals herbaceous. Petals tender, white or pink. Gynoe ecium of few to many earpels. Style manifest. Fruit a head of flattened or turgid achenes.—About 14 gener a and 75 species, widely distributed in fresh-water swamps and marshes. ALISMACEAE 21 Carpels borne in one series: achenes verticillate. I. ALISMEAE. Carpels borne in several spiral series: achenes capitate. II. SAGITTARIEAE. . I. ALISMEAE Flowering stem much branched, the pedicels very slender and wiry. 1. ALISMA. II. SAGITTARIEAE Flowers all perfe Style not Bd. fruit-head not echinate: achene turgid, beakless or only obscurely beaked. 2. HELANTHIUM. Style apical: fruit-head echinate: achene flat, promi- nently beake 3. ECHINODORUS. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, or monoecious—the lower flow of the inflorescence perfect or pistillate, the uot Ges staminat Lower flowers of the d evextonke perfect. 4. LOPHOTOCARPUS. Lower flowers of the inflorescence pistillate. . .9. SAGITTARIA 1. ALISMA L. Leaves without basal lobes. Flowers perfect, in com- pound panicles. Stamens mostly 6. Achenes in 1 whorl.—About 10 species, mostly in temperate and tropical regions. Wes 7) "fh T A TO A. subcordatum Raf. Leaves erect; NA entire, 3-15 em. long, long- petioled: seape 1—10 dm . tall, the Him or pedi- a : T ibe ae IM cels, whorled in 3's to 1 se ls obtuse mm. long: pera ee depressed, 3 . wi achene 1.5— Plantago (Chapm. ]— [4. )]—((OWaT PLANTAIN.)—Swamps, ditches, and shallow water, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Ma ass.—Spr.—fall. 2. HELANTHIUM Engelm. Leaves without basal lobes, the blades nar- row. Flowers perfect, borne in racemes. Stamens 6 or 9. Achenes borne in an inconspicuous naked head.—Two | species, one in Cuba and the following. H. par arvulum (Engelm.) Britton. Ps long 3—1 all with a ienminal whorl of 2-8 rp petals 1 .0—2 mm. fruit-head 3—4 thiek: achene barely 1 mm. long. [Echino odorus parvulus Engelm.] —Muddy place : or shallow water, various provinces, Fla. to Tex T and Mass.— ~ (W. I., Me B -fal 3. ECHINODORUS L. C. Rich. Leaves with rounded basal lobes. Flow- Ach ers perfect, in racemes or panicles. Stamens 12-30. enes borne in bristly naked head.—About 15 species, all n the following mostly Mee Ameriean.—Spr.-sum.—BUR-HEADS. MUD-BABIES. CREEPING WATER-PLANTAINS. Flowers, and fruit-heads, borne on pliable curved pedicels: style shorter than the ovary: achene-beak about l4 as long as the body. 1. E. radicans. Flowers, and E eei uri on Stift spreading pedicels: UA ry: bo 2. E. cordifolius. 22 | ALISMACEAE 1. E. radicans (Nutt.) Engelm. Stem creeping near the base: leaf-blades ovate or elliptie, 5-20 em . long: scape often creeping, the flower-whorls remote: petals a : -hea 8 thiek: achene long, short-beaked.— Pond- cU d | difehes, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif, Kans, and D. C. (Mem.) 2. E. cordifolius (L.) Griseb. Stem ereet or ascendi ing: leaf-blades o to broadly ovate, 4-20 em. long: scape 1-5 dm tall, the ae bed e. remote than in E. radicans: petal E ng: pod head 4-6 mm. Feu ae 2.5—9 SE long-beaked. [£. Nerone Engelm. ae Swamps, ditches, and ponds, various pro- un Fla. to Tex. ., Kans., and Ill.—(W. I., Mex., 4, LOPHOTOCARPUS T. Durand. Leaves often with basal lobes, but variable. Flowers monoecious, the upper ones staminate. Stamens 9-195. Achenes in a head embraced by the calyx.— About 7 species, besides the following and several that range westward to California, others occur in tropical America.—Sum.— fall 1. L. calycinus (Engelm.) J. G. br; : achene ov n mg beaked.—Wet grounds, ep and ponds, various provinees, Ala. le S. Dak., and Del SAGITTARIA L. Leaves often with basal lobes, sometimes lobeless, or mere phyllodia. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, the upper ones ane! staminate. Corolla white. Stamens mainly numerous. Achenes numerous ely few, in dense heads.—Comprises about 40 species of wide e Di distribution. Several species produce edible starchy tubers which were ex- tensively used by the aborigines.—Mainly sum.—fall, or all year S.—ARROW- EADS. SWAMP-POTATOES Fruit- Aere e reflexed or re SUBULATAE. Fruit-bearing pedicels ascending. Leaf-blades without basal lobes. II. ANGUSTIFOLIAE. Leaf-blades with basal lobes. III. LATIFOLIAE. Sepals of the pistillate flowers accrescent and ultimately appressed to the fruit-heads. IV. MONTEVIDENSES. SUBULATAE Filaments glabrous. Tutores e Py ie except in robu DE e x 1. S. subulata. Aquatie plants with elongate leaves: ‘achene short-beaked. ALISMACEAE Leaves with small floating blades: inflores- cence simple: crests of 2s achene with mere shallow undulatio Leaves elongate ligulate phyllodia : inflores- e sometimes branched: crests of the hene with deep undulations Inflorescence branched : phyllodia slenderly attenuate. Filaments pubes II. ANGUSTIFOLIAE MSIE 2 m. dress c 2. long as those of the nate on riy ruin dilated, “relatively Shor Lea ee terete 3-sided, often imperfectly eve Anther jouer than n filament: achene with several facial wing Anther shorter M. “hé filament: achene with Achene oval o broadly elliptic. Achene cune Beak pru horizontal at the top of the achen e-body Beak e Borde much below the top of ache y. YüUOR Seed OG simple: lower bracts ovate, united to the moe achene with lateral ribs or win Inflorescence widely Dum nehed: lower bracts lanceolate, aite at the base: achene without lateral ribs or wings. Filament not dilated, sle nder Bracts and sepals granular- -papillose. Bracts and sepals ri Achene more or jo faleate, eee beaked, the dorsal wing thick nd e aaan not falcate, abruptly bon cd: the dorsal wing usually thin and crested. din of the pistillate flowers vy short or nearly ranting. Fruit. head not echinate: achene broadly winged and shor MR ME anther broadly elliptie, about as long as the filamen Fruit-head echin ate: achene narrowly winged and ee anther suborbicular, shorter than the me III. LATIFOLIAE Achene minutely or inconspicuously beaked. Achene prominently long-beake S Beak s r nearly Ue m D edlceis. bracts, and sepals t Achene less than 4 mm. long; beak horizontal or declined, narrow, much smaller than the body from Which it is differentiated : bracts los tomentu Achene éd 4 long; beak horizontal- ascending, broad, larger than the body. with Brem it is ntinuous: bracts granular- escent. — rachis, pedicels, bracts, and sepals 1 Beak ere Filament pubescent. Pistillate ae very short: sepals and bracts glabrou Pistillate “pedicel elongate: sepals and bracts pu Filament IDS Bas lobes p the leaf-blade acute or acumi- Basal E of the leaf-blade rounded. V. MONTEVIDENSES I Robust plant: leaf-blades 1-5 dm. long and wide: scape up to 1 m. tall. nAaR n n wR . stagnorum. lorata. filiformis. . platyphylla. . teres. isoetiformis. . cycloptera. . Mohr. . graminea. . Chapmanii. . falcata. lancifo lia. . angustifolia. . macrocarpa. . rigida. . graminea. pubescens. . ornithorhyncha. . latifolia. rigida. . viscosa. . S. longirostra. . Ñ. australis montevidensis. 24 ALISMACEAE : dc clipe S e Leaves erect; blade linear or linear-lanceolate, 2-3 ong, or wanting, t onere slender: scape 5-15 cm. tall, with 1 or 2 "pua -whorls: edd cel ely few, abou Fla. to Ala. a Small. . Leaves few; blade es liste E^ ovate-elliptic 1.5-5 cm long, the phyllodia linear, wider than the petioles: scape with l—few flower-whorls: flowers floating: achenes few, t 2 long, bea Lund [S. 3. 8. rata acs Small. Leaves PR dps VR elongate-linear, often rather pos: phyllodia which sometimes are up to 250 em. long, 3-5-ribbe b t bout a 5 the least in age: scape a dics Ra E eaves: io whorls usually 4— flowers floating: achenes nd 2.5 mm. long, the beak irm Streams and springs, Fla. and adj. pos Plain of pus and Ga.; perhaps N along the coast. The plan un of the northern states, sometimes referred here, may represent a different species—An apparently extremely large Lu of S. lorata in the Wakulla River, Fla., has been pur ed S. Kurziana Gliic S. filiformis J. G. Smith. Leaf-blades ens cape 6-12 dm. long, with eral flower-whorls; only 1 or 2 flowers of the lower whorls ie their pedicels elongate: fruit-head 6—7 mm. thick: Pd ene 1.5 mm. long, about ii crested, the beak o YP: —Ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala.; appar- ently also in the Car 5. S. platyphylla x es J. G. Smith. Leaf-blades lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate, 5-15 em. long: scape 2-5 dm. tall, with 3-8 flower whor ls, the flowe 0 mm. thick: achenes 2 mm. long, winged, the beak horizontal ——Ponds and swamps, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Kans., and Mo. 6. S. teres S. Wats. Leaf-blades narrow ud imperfect, or wanting: scape 1.5—4.5 dm. tall, with 1 or rarely 2 or 3 din -whorls, 1 or 2 flowers of the lower whorl pistilate: fruit-head 8-12 mm. thick: achene 2 long, un- evenly crested, the beak reel erect shallow water, Coastal Plain and Nev ew England Coast, S. C. to Mas 7. S. isoetiformis J. G. Smith. Leaf- blades wanting or aA scape 7-12 dm uar tn with 1 flower whorl: fruit-head about 6 mm. thick: achene 1 long, dorsally Cas ge pow cae i e.—Low grounds and eee Beim. Coastal Plain, Fla. 8. S. p (J. G. Smith) " rd Leaf-blades linear or linear-lanceo- late, 4-15 em. long, or wanting: scape 2-8 dm. long, gee with 3-15 flower- whorls: fruit. head barely 10 mm. thick: achene 1.5 m m. long, the minute beak ascending.—Swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C. 9. S. Mohrii J. G. Smith. Leaf aia linear to lanceolate, 5-15 c ong, dicemus oe scape 4—9 dm. long, with 6-8 ower-whorls: fruit. DET 6-8 m : achene 2.5-3.5 mm. long, the large beak horizontal.—Ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga. 10. S. graminea ien Leaf-blades linear, lanceolate, or ndo e, 5-15 c long, or wanting: scape E m dm . ta e ps fe uF or many flower-whorls: fruit. head less than 10 n mm. : achene ong, winged, tlie minute beak horizontal.—Mud and eri various Resa Tu to Tex., Sask., and Newf. ALISMACEAE 25 11. S. Chapmanii (J. G. Smith) C. Mohr. Leaf-blades linear or lanceolate, 15-20 em. long, or wanting: scape 3—5 dm. long, with often many flower- -whorls and panieulate: fruit-head 5 mm. thick: achene 1 mm. long, wingless, the Eug: beak lateral—Ponds and marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala., and Ga. S. fa pd Pursh. pd ie ades narrowly ae MEER E slightly hend est abov middle linear, 10-35 cm. long, mainly 3-5 nerved: pedicels of i pistillate aod relatively short, their bracts “Of an ovate E achene about 2 mm. long.—Low grounds and mars shes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Del.—(Mez.) . S. lancifolia d Leaf- puse elli id or nearly so to narrowly elliptic- lanceolate, 30-60 cm. long, mainly 5—9-nerved: pedicels of rn. flowers relatively ‘long, their bra cts of a lanceo lat te type: achene — long.— Swamps, pools, and a river- banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Te ex— (m. L, Mex., A., 8S. A C. A., S8. A.)—Very variable in siz es at its best it is the ped - our arrow- heads. On en da rida prairie s and m rshes the leaves. and flower-stalks often grow higher than one’s head. sed D by is ecu in eases of shock Pus EHE bite. angustifolia Lindl. Leaf-blades linear or nea arly so, sometimes very narrow, 9—4 g: pe as long as eaves or longer, usually simple, with several flower ind Ei braets of a lanceolat santas fruit-head 1-1.5 em. thick: achene 2-2.5 long, abruptly narrowed into the minute beak, the dorsal wing usually der) —Low grounds and ion d Plain, Ga. to La.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) aa S macrocarpa J. G. Smith. Leaf-blades linear or linear-lanceolate, 5—7 long: seape 2—4.5 dm. tall, with 3-5 flower-whorls, ed flowers P A iad lowest od or the 2 lower whorls pistillate: fruit-head 10-12 m thick: achene 3 long, winged, the beak ascending.—Pond-margins and E reer Plain, S. C. and N. C. S. rigida Pursh. Leaf- Dido rd to broadly ovate, wird i with p lobes, 5-20 em. long: scape weak, 1-8 dm. long, with 5-9 flow in. "i uit-head 8—15 mm. thick, SCR d ud SO: ‘achene 3-4 mm. lon n inge d, e beak aus TIFF-ARR "C ~ and running water, various 2 inees, Tenn. to Nebr., Minn. Gs Que. ~ N. 17. S. pubescens Muhl. - blades 8-25 cm. long, with the terminal lobe more rounded than in no. 20, puberulent or ‘hirsute: sca te flowers ae as lo: longer: sepals not accrescent: fruit-head 8-15 mm. thick: achene 2-3 mm. lon ng, the beak horizontal or somewhat declined.—Meadows, pois runs, and marshes, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala., Tenn., Pa., and N. J. 8. S. ornithorhyncha Small. Leaf-blades 9-17 em. long, hastate, the terminal lobe slightly acuminate, the basal lobes as long as the terminal one or nearly n diameter: achene resemblin ng a bird, 4-6 mm. long, the beak as long as the acne perd or longer, winged, horizontal- -ascending.—Swamps, Coastal Plain, N. C. E S. latifolia Willd. Leaf-blades pne 15-40 em. en glabrous, the basal dm lobes narrower and rather shorter t n the terminal one: scape 3- tall: pedieels of pistillate flowers much pns than the acute bracts: fruit-head 15- ick: achene about 3 mm. long, the beak ascending or recurved 30 . lo : [S. variabilis Engelm.]—(ARROWwLEAF. DUCK-POTATO. WAPATO.)—Swamps, shallow Du er, ry river- -banks, various provinces, Fla. to Calif., B. C., and N. B.—(Mez., C. A.) 26 ELODEACEAE 20. S. viscosa C. Mohr. Leaf-blades 20—35 em. long, the seg e broadly ovate, the basal lobes shorter, acute or acuminate: scape 5-8 dm , with few flower-whorls: braets obtuse: fruit-heads not seen.—Muddy places yee marshes Coastal Plain, N Fla. and S Ala. 21. S. "ipe pasce J. G. Smith. Leaf-blades oe 25 em. tong the Pp pe broadly ovate, the basal ones as lon ng but narrower: scape 4—8 ith few oe ower- -whorls: braets pice fruit-heads 12-18 mm. DUE pos P MIND achene 4 mm. long, with fa cial Bec the dorsal wing par tially erenate, the i: ak erect.—Pon "re and streams, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Ar k., Pa., and N. J. 22. S. australis (J. G. Smith) Small. Leaf-blades 8-10 cm. long, the terminal lobe very broad, the basal lobes shorter, obtuse: scape 4—5 dm. La with 4—6 flower-whorls: fruit- heads fully 10 mm. thick: achene 3-3.5 m . long, w with faeial wings, the dorsal wing undulate, the beak cud over the ‘crest.—Low grounds, Appalachian Plateau, N Ala 23. S. montevidensis C. & S. Leaf-blades 1-5 dm. long, the basal lobes nar- rower and shorter than the ovate terminal one: scape very stout, about as tall as T a the pedicels relatively short: fruit-heads 15-30 mm. thick: achene 2-3 mm. long, the slender beak oblique.—(GIANT-ARROWLEAF.)—Low grounds and ae Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and N. C.; also Calif. Nat. of S. A. OrpER HYDROCHARITALES — HyprocHArRITAL ORDER Perennial aquatic herbs, with rootstocks. Leaves usually with blades. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, or rarely perfect, from spathes. Perianth double, or the corolla wanting. Androecium of 1-12 stamens. Gynoecium 3-15-carpellary. Ovary inferior. Fruits capsular or baccate Gynoecium 3- i ci or rarely 2-, 4- or oin ovary 1-celled, with 3, or rarely with 2, 4 o parietal placentae: stigma ually Fam. 1. ELODEACEAE. Gynoecium 6-9 earpellary: ovary 6-9-celled : stigmas 6-9. Fam. 2. HYDROCHARITACEAE. Famity d. HLODEACEAE — TAPE-GRASS FAMILY Plants with leafy stems, or leaves basal, often pl elongate. Gyno- ecium 2-5-carpellary, the ovary l- celled. —Com mpri s 6 genera and about 24 species, widely distributed in warm region Staminate flower with 1-3 stamens: plant with horizontal rootstocks. eaves opposite on short horizontal stems ; ee broad, more or less petioled: stigmas filiform : pollen filiform : marine plan 1. HALOPHILA. Leaves spiral, but in a basal cluster; blade ieee without a petiole: stigmas short and broad: pollen spheroidal : fresh water plan 2. VALLISNERIA. Staminate flower with 9 stamens: fresh water plant with float- ing stems and whorled leaves. 3. PHILOTRIA. 1. HALOPHILA Thouars. Marine submerged herbs, with short branches arising from the rootstock. Leaves opposite or whorled, the lower ones oft scale-like. Flowers dioecious or monoecious, the staminate pedicelled, the Pa sessile in the spathe, flask-shaped. Fruit short, s. in the athe.—About 6 species, mostly cireumtropieal.—SEA-GRASSES— The plants Rom on the sea-bottom, in shallow water, or at i depths when ELODEACEAE 27 the water is clear. Their habit is somewhat suggestive of marine algae of the genus Caulerpa; often found washed ashore after storms. Leaves 1 or 2 at the tip of the branches; blades evidently serrulate, on filiform petioles: capsule short- e 1. H. Baillonis. ciliolate and obscurely serrulate, sessile or with stout pere e-like bases: capsule long-beaked. 2. H. Engelmannii. 1. H. Baillonis Aschers. Plant with a thread-like rootstock, the branches short, usually very short or obsolete: leaves eee blades oblong, linear- o long, or spatulate, mostly 1-2.5 mm. long, 7 thin, often minute ex D especially ( w : oun indi with indis- tine obse scure, ndr -petioled: capsule ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 3-3.5 mm. long. —Sandy or marly bottoms on Reef about the Florida Keys: . Engelmannii Aschers. Plant with a ae like rootstock; the branches stare ate, 1—3 em. lon thick, ' gla abr rous, sharply serrulate, evidently \ H and creeks, coast of Fla. and open waters of the Fla. Reef. VALLISNERIA [Mich.] L. Fresh-water herbs. Leaves basal with — T elongate ribbon-like blades. Flowers dioecious, the staminate numerous, crowded on a spadix; they break away from their short stalks and float on the surface of the water where they shed their To about the pistillate flowers which have been raised to the surface by the rapid growth of the pedicels. Pistillate flowers few, each solitary at the end of an S spiral scape. Fruit subtended by the spathe.—Two species, both represented in our range, the first one also in the Old World.—EEL-GRASSES. TAPE-GRASSES. WATER- CELERIES.—Plants with their long leaves and pistillate flowers usually partly floating Stigmas cleft for less than half their length: sepals of the pistillate POR 2-8 stigmas ci cleft nearly to the base: sepals of the pistillate flowers ov adi . long. 2. V. americana. 1. d spiralis L. Leaf-blades thin, 3-8 mm. wide, usually dentieulate, espe- pecially near the apex: peduncles of "the pistillate flowers = 6 dm. long, spirally twisted at maturity: Im ps A 1-1.5 em. long: vis nthium 1-2 . long in anthesis: petal a UR capsu ie slen- der.—Still and pere $c. various prov- inces, N. C. to Ind., S. Dak, and (0. W.)—Sum.-fall.—A wide-spread species, occurring in both the Old World and the New, but k entering our range from the No rth = V. red ct "ea blades thick- ofte ae of. the vistillate pues 5-10 : or more, curved at maturity, but 28 ELODEACEAE pee spiral; spathe loose, 2-2.5 em. long: hypanthium 2.5-3 cm. long in anthesis: petals less eR 15a as long as the ape capsule po 7-11 in Mir Mae d oe Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.—Al ye ps plan mueh (legen in pe than the precedi ng. "Ofte very m ant in growth. Like be preceding. eres it is a favorite food of ducks, and Ea of other water bir 3. PHILOTRIA Raf. Fresh-water herbs. Leaves eauline, opposite or whorled. Flowers perfect and with 3 stamens or dioecious or polygamous; the staminate with 9 stamens detach themselves, arise and float on the surface of the water and shed their pollen about the pistillate or perfect flowers or reach the surface by the elongation of their thread-like hypanthia like the pistillate flowers whieh are raised to the surface on long stalks; the pistillate similar and slender-pedicelled. Fruit enclosed by the BR. [Elodea Michz.]— About 10 species, natives of America; one naturalized in Europe.—Spr.-sum. —WATERWEEDS.—The plants of some species are collected locally and applied to eultivated land as fertilizers. Staminate spathes not cleft d to the base, 1-flowered : petals less than 5 mm. long or wanting: upper Leaf- leaves 1-5 mm. ree : staminate flowers with the 3 central stamens on a stalk exceeding the other 6: pistillate flowers frequent, m cr erted. 1. P. canadensis. Leaf- T less than 1 mm. bro staminate flowers ith 9 equal stamens: AE flowers unknown. 2. P. linearis. Staminate spathes cleft nearly to the base, several-flowered : petals about 1 em. long; upper leaves in whorls of 4. 3. P. densa. 1. P. canadensis Dec Britton. Stem slender, dichotomously branched lower leaves opposite, with small ovate blades; upper leaves of pistillate du with elliptie to Iuiccón x ovate blades, firm een, imbrieate above; those of stami- nate plants narrower, even lanceolate-linear, es scarcely imbricate: staminate spathe thers 3 m ong: pistillate spathe nearly pid. [i EA UN pistillate flower long stigmas 3, ligulate, pink, Mi cleft. [P. Nut- ji E. U. 8.)]— o Calif., Wash., and Que —A r ae ae Rm P. ea ea. has been reported from Florida in error. 2. P. linearis Rydb. Stem slender: upper leaves with EA uc Dowd green blades, 5-12 mm. long, not imbrieate: staminate spathe n P. densis ; a flower exserted on a thread-like oa o a pend mm. long: petals white, linear, exceeding the sepals or abortive; or. lon ig wam ps, Interior Low Plateaus, Bios Cumberland River, near Nashville, Ten 3. P. densa naa Small. Stem stout, 2-3 mm. in diameter: leaves very numerous, nd crowded; blades lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1.5 long, 2-5 mm. broad, acuminate, serrulaté: spathe of the staminate flowers 1 Prepared with the assistance of Harold St. John. HYDROCHARITACEAE | 29 narrowly conie, rae 1 cm. long: sepals green, oval to ovate, 3-4 mm : o white, 9-11 mm. long: pistillate flowers not seen Lakes, Pinellas pen., — Perhaps introduced through cultivated plants.—(S. A.) FAMILY 2. HYDROCHARITACEAE — Fnoc's-Brr FAMILY Plants with leaves in clusters on the rootstocks. Gynoecium 6-9- pellary, ie ovary 6—9-celled.—Comprises 8 genera and about 20 ¢ species of : temperate and tropieal regions. "Flowers ue Men distinct : anther nearly sessile: leaf not differentiated : intó. e and petio 1. THALASSIA. ; Flowers monoecious: com mens with united filaments: leaf differ- l o blade and petiole. 2. LIMNOBIUM. 1. THALASSIA Banks. Marine herbs. Leaves mere strap-like blades. Flowers dioecious. Fruit rugose or nearly echinate.— Two species, circum- tropical. | 1. T. testudinum Koenig & Sims. Leaves -2—5 together; blade linear, 5-30 em. long: fruit . echinate-pubescent, 'erect.— ( TURTLE- )—Bays a RASS -WEED nd coasts, pen VANN | Fla. and Florida Reef.—( ,8. À4 All RNY M ear.— in vast submarine AN I E EXE aX goa = SS el f ^ = SS d = ~~ —_ e co X <— =e =~ sate often f leaves are washed n Ed vast quantities Co Tr Qe > =g, 2 rd do. Aad a e pe eR : I pte ETE. E. S Dt e MM AM and are gathered as ‘‘s eed?! for ferti- Sn lizer. Only during quiet puc and con- | i clear water, can one get an p ee of these DIR rine fields Hades rendezvous for various Nn a fish, turtles, Ed other marine animals. 2. LIMNOBIUM L. C. Rich. Fresh-water herbs. Leaves with dilated blades terminating petioles. Flowers monoecious. Fruit smooth. Three or four species, American, 1. L. Spongia (Bose.) L. C. Rich. Leaves several i eee us ovate : suborbi- ular niform oad: fruit pre nodding ems s- Ed .) Shallow water and mud, various provinces, Fla. to ex., Mo., Ont., and N. J.—Sum —fa ll.—T he plants are very variable in size, leaves vary shape and have short or long petio In marshes as bs water dries up ioles. - js frog’s-bit grows rapidly and often overs acres of these low lands with a peer been carpet. OrpER POALES — PoAL ORDER Mostly perennial caulescent or acaulescent plants, known as grasses and sedges. Stems sometimes conspicuously jointed. Leaves alternate, mostly sheathing at the base: blades usually narrow and elongate, entire or nearly so. Flowers variously disposed in a simple or compound inflores- cence, perfect or rarely monoecious or dioecious, incomplete, inconspicu- ous, borne in the axils of chaffy bracts or scales (glumes). Fruit a cary- opsis (grain) or an achene, or rarely a nut, or baceate. 30 POACEAE Leaves 2-ranked, their sheath-margins usually not united: stem mostly hollow: fruit a grain (caryopsis). Fam. 1. Poac EAE. Leaves Sane. their sheath-margins united: stem solid: fruit an achen Fam.2. CYPERACEAE. Faminty 1. POACEAE — Grass FAMILY! Herbs or rarely woody plants, with often hollow stems (culms) closed at the nodes, and 2-ranked parallel-veined leaves, these consisting of 2 parts, a lower (the sheath), enveloping the culm, its margins s overlapping or sometimes grown together, an upper (the blade), usually flat, while be- tween the two on the inside, a membranaceous hyaline or hairy appen (the ligule). Flowers perfect (rarely unisexual), small, with no distinct erianth, arranged in spikelets consisting of a s ortened axis (rachilla) ma ra sented by 2 (rarely 3) small hyaline scales E epe a e base of the flower inside the lemma and palea. e a, pale d inclosed flower constitute the floret. The oe are ie cone ager Mem in an inflorescence at the ends of the main stems or nehes. The or e (the single seed and the adherent p E may be o as in wheat, r permanently inelosed in the lem palea as in the oat. Ll T i : is from the ees as in pte of Sporobolus and Eleusine. The stems of bamboos are woody as are also those of a few en such as Olyra and Lasiacis, ed to e tribes. The eulms are solid in our species of the tr ibes Tripsaceae and ro A The margins of the sheaths are grown together in species of Bromus, Festuca, Melica, Panicularia, and others. The parts of the spikelet may be modified in various ways. The first, and more rarely also the secon , glume may n wanting. The lemmas may contain no flower, or even no pa ea, or may reduced or rudimentary. The palea is rarely wanting in perfect florets as in species of Agrostis.—Comprises about 500 genera and 7,000 species very widely distributed in latitude, a and habitat. The so-called cereals are of great economic importane Spiele with 1 perfect terminal floret (disregarding those of the staminate and euter spikelets) and a sterile or staminate floret below, usually represented by terile lemma only, one glume sometimes, both glumes rarely, wanti ing: articu- lation below the spikelets either in the pedicel, in the rachis, or B. PR base of a cluster of spikelets, the spikelets falling entire, singly, in groups, or together with joints of the rachis: spikelets, or at least the fruits, aoe or jess dorsally e Ed (except in some genera of Nazieae). (SUBFAMILY PANICATAE.) Glumes indurate: fertile lemma and lea nn or lend eem eous, the sterile emma (when present) like the fertile n texture. Spikelets P Rs Pas RUE the Staminate “above, on the same in- florescence, separate inflor Tribe I. TRIPSACEAE. DDR ts perfect, st staminate a Bener Res some- present. Spikelets in Lae one sessile and perfect, the other pedicelled and Tana n nate or neutral (the pedicellate on times obsolete, or rarely both pedicellate) : mas hyaline. Tribe II. ANDROPOGONEAE. em 1Contributed by Albert Spear Hitchcock. POACEAE Spikelets in groups of 2-5, the groups fall- m entire dim the continuous axis: lem- membranous. Tribe III. NAZIEAE. Glumes incur a fertile lemma and palea B te, at least firmer than Sic glumes : sterile lemma like the glumes in textur Tribe IV. PANICEAE. Spikelets, E to many-flowered, the reduced florets, if ny, ove the perfect florets (except in Phala- placa sterile lemmas below as well as above in eral flow Tribe XIII. BAMBUSEAE. Plants Bea ous, the stem a l. pikelets with 2 er R T ie: neuter or rudimen- tary Tan mas eee and below the fertile conan no erile or rudimentary florets ove Tribe VII. PHALARIDEAE. Spikelets without sterile lemmas below the per- fect floret (or us rarely present and like the fertile on | Spikelets unisexual, articulate below the glumes, 1-flow terete or nearly so. Tribe VI. ZIZANIEAE. Spikelets’ perfect rarely unisexual but then sc ue ve),usually articulate above e glu Spikelets "ar eats below the glumes, 1- owered, very flat, the lemma and D about equal, both keeled; glumes mall or wanting. Tribe V. ORYZEAE. Spikelets articulate above the glumes rarely c but the glumes, at S y elo A ). ee eee : the rachis disar- ticulating in Hordeum) : articu- lation above the glumes except in Spartina. Spikelets on opposite sides of the rachis: spike terminal, dps i Tribe XII. HORDEAE. Spikelets on one side of the is: oc usually mous than G 1 digitate or racemo Tribe X. CHLORIDEAE. Spikelets pedicellate in onen or ĉon- u Ds cted, sometimes spike-like, a. BD E -— . Spikelets r flowered. Tribe VIII. AGROSTIDEAE. Spikelets 2- to many-flow ul E lumes as long as the pee est Pigs floret, usually as long as the Spik elet : lemmas awn e from the back (awnless in Koeleria and Sphenopholis). Tribe IX. AVENBEAE. de: Shorter than the first emmas awnless or d ue the tip or from a bifid Tribe XI. FESTUCEAE. Tribe I. TRIPSACEAE Fruiting ee not enclosed in a hard be ad-like involucre. tam enclosed by large bracts. Pistillate ee separate, the rachis articulate: fruits enclo 2. EUCHLAENA. nme spikes uni ited into a thick receptacle-like cob fruits v QUE 3. ZEA. Fruiting ‘spikelets enclos ed in hard bead-like involucre f rom the indurate Puerto of the subtending . COIX. 32 POACEAE Tribe II. ANDROPOGONEAE Spikelets all perfect, surrounde d by copious soft hairs Rachis continuous, E spikelets LES Spikelets of e pair unequall y pedicellat Racemes in a narr e spike- S ike panicle: spikelets awnless. Racemes in an open, usually flabellate, panicle: Spikelets awne Rachis breaking up into joints at maturity with the p ES one spikelet Dey the other ct m a fe) Mer "i RM ct ite) 'o Ph mM [t Uu N pede [um oO Uu {ej pad o m (D ^ [t d um erile spikelet conspicuous Rachis. int and pedicel disti nct, the sessile d let appressed to them, its first glume lane ate. Races subcylindrie: rachis-joints and pedicels glabrous, much thicker at the summit, the spikelets sunken in the hollow below: sterile spikelet rudimentar Racemes flat: rachis: -joi ints and pedicels woolly, Pe voe m at the summit: sterile spike- neuter. Pedicel not A I "df slightly so the spikelets awned), neither id nor adnate to the rachis joint, this usually slender: spikelets usu- a Fertile spikelet with a hairy- -pointed callus, formed of ene attached suppor ting rachis-joint or pedicel: awns stron n E ran ced to a single joint, long- -pedun- c Pi simple open panicle. S Uf several to many joints, s e ng. Racemes of several to no ny j nes. solitary, digi- tate, or aggrega Racemes reduced to 1 or few joints: these mostly pedu Bele in a subsimple or compound anicle. Pedicellate spikelets staminate. Pedicellate E wanting, the pedicel only ribe III. NAZ Bm with flat leaf-blades m: Spikes of Pus n spike- Tribe IV. PANICEAE Spikelets E DARE d leaf-blades petioled. “Spikelets all perfect Spikelets of 2 kinds, aerial and subterranean. a Spikelets all of one k ind. ikelet S sunken in the cavities of the flattened Spikelets not s sunken in the Spikelets subtended or Sur Pout nded by 1 to many 2 2x e Ra distinct r more or less con- an involucre. Bristles An. the spikelets deciduous. PESEE a with the spikelets at ma- Brístles ‘not united at base, slender, often se. Bristles united into a bur-like involucre, the bristles Sem barbed. 5. IMPERATA. 6. MISCANTHUS. 7. SACCHARUM. 8. ERIANTHUS. 10. RYTILIX. 9. MANISURIS. 11. ELYONURUS. 15. RHAPHIS. 16. HETEROPOGON. 12. ANDROPOGON. 13. HOLCUS. 14. SORGHASTRUM. 17., NAZIA. 38. OLYRA. 3í. AMPHICARPON. 36. STENOTAPHRUM. 33. CHAETOCHLOA. 34. PENNISETUM. 35. CENCHRUS. POACEAE » Spikelets not subtended by bristles. Glumes or sterile lemma awned. (Awn short, . concealed in the silky hairs of the D s Tricholaena : awn eo cen to a poi n Echinochloa colon indurescenca paniculate : spikelets. silky. Inflorescence of unilateral simple or some- at compound racemes along a common eae MES smooth or hispid, not s ee ieee: broad and thin glumes 2-lobed, awned from Bots con the lobes. M long and narrow: glumes ned from n tir Glumes and sterile lem Fruit S dco durae “flexible, usu- dark-colored, the ma with eae or less S "white hya- line margins, these not inrolled. Spikelets in racemes, covered with long silky hairs, the racemes a PORE glabrous or variously pubes ent, but no long-silky. Sp ike lets in jc er racemes more or less di igita Spikelets in cee ile lemma boat-shaped : anicles narrow. ye lemma convex: panicles «Fruit chartaceous- anaE, rigid. Spikelets placed with the back of the ruit turned away from the rachis of n dod usually [d le pai First Piume and the rachilla-joint forming wollen ring-like callus pelos She spikelet. Rirst glume oe nt or wanting, n. orming a Se callus digitate or subdigitate. as Spikelets. placed with the back of the fruit turned toward the rachis of the spikelike racemes, or pedi- cellate in panicles Fruit longacuminate : both glumes ng. Fruit por: loncuonmindeee at least one glume present. First glume typically wanting: spikelets plano-convex, sub-sessile in spike-like eme First glume present: spikelets usually in panicles. Second glume inflated-sac- ina this and the sterile lemma much exceeding the stipitate fruit. SECON I actato. not inflated- Stem oody plants Bemis like. fruit with oe ft of down at th Stems P prune eous: no tuft dowa at the . apex of the fruit. Tribe v. ORYZEAE . Glumes minute: lemma often awned. Glumes wanting : lemma awnless. 32. TRICHOLAENA. 30. OPLISMENUS. 31. ECHINOCHLOA. 19. VALOTA. 20. SYNTHERISMA. 18. ANTHAENANTIA. 1. LEPTOLOMA. 22. ERIOCHLOA. 23. BRACHIARIA. 24. AXONOPUS. 2b. REIMAROCHLOA. 26. PASPALUM, 20. SACCIOLEPIS. 28. LASIACIS, 21. PANICUM. 39. bigz 40. E POACEAE Tribe VI. ZIZANIEAE Stem Tene low: staminate and pistillate spikelets borne arate inflorescences Inflorescence a few- “lowered spike: plants not stolonif- ous. Hore escence a panicle: In plants stoloniferous. Stem Pas L staminate and pistillate spikelets borne me panicle. Sa in pairs, the larger one sessile and pistillate, the smaller staminate and pedicellate. Spikelets not pair Plant annual: pistillate spikelets on the ascending spreading l : pistillate spikelets at the ends, the siamimate below on the same branches of the pan Tribe VII. PHALARIDEAE Sterile florets reduced to small awnless scale-like lemmas: spikelets much compressed laterally. Sterile florets consisting of awned hairy empty lemmas exceeding the fertile floret: spikelets terete. Tribe VIII. AGROSTIDEAE Bu Spikelet^ below the glumes, these falling with Glunies long-a Glumes awnless Rachilla end prolonged behind. the palea: o united panicle toward eu eb Rachita . prolonged pucr the palea: panicle dense: glumes not MESE d cili ate je the n Panicle narrow; lem twisted awn from with a ener bent stra Rachilla att eulate above the glumes. "ruit indurate, terete, awned, the nerves obscure: cal- lus weil- developed, oblique, bearde Awn trifid, the teral divisions OS short, rarely DES pud obsolete no line of demar- cation between awn and lemma as in the next). Awn simple, a E of demarcation between the aw " and the lem Fruit Ber or fcn > put scarcely indurate, erves prominent or evident: Pene ed. Glumes longer than the lemm Glumes compressed- farinute. abruptly mucronate, stifly ciliate on the keels: panicle dense, cylindric or ellipsoid. Glumes not compressed-carinate, not cilia . Florets bearing a tuft of hairs at nee base from the short callus, ut hairs at least half as long as the lem Florets without hairs at the base or the hairs very short. Glumes not longer th the lemma, usually shorter (the awn-tips longer in Muhle PUA pace: if firm the callus not well- mos Lemma awned from the tip or mucronate, 3-5- nerved. Rachilla prolonged behind the palea: floret itate. Rachilla not prolonged : floret not stipitate. Lemma awnless or awned from the back. Callus E ao and palea chartace- ous Panicles ire ike. Tike: rachilla prolonged. Panicles open: rachilla not prolonged. Callus. not bearded. 45. Hx IN Aa ww) on c3 ‘56. 48. 49. c 9. c e) 51. 50. 60. 61. 54 . HYDROCHLOA. 42. LUZIOLA. PHARUS. . ZIZANIA. . ZIZANIOPSIS. . PHALARIS. . ANTHOXANTHUM, . POLYPOGON. . ALOPECURUS. LIMNODEA. . CINNA. ARISTIDA. STIPA. . PHLEUM. CALAMAGROSTIS., . AGROSTIS. BRACHYELYTRUM. MUHLENBERGIA. AMMOPHILA. CALAMOVILFA. . SPOROBOLUS POACEAE e IX. AvENEAE Spikelets falling entire: first Eine much smaller than the Florets alike, rfect. den unlike, the lower perfect, oe taminate. and bearing a hooked a Spikelets noc falling entire, the glume Hber deem Florets 2, the lower staminate, awned; the upper per- feet, awnless. Hore 2 or more, all alike except the reduced upper the upper es. An arising from between the teeth of a bifid apex, flattened, twisted. Awn a not flattened: lemma often bifid at Spikelets large, the glumes over 1.5 cm. long. Spikelets less than 1 cm. lon eT ed: awn arising from above the Lemmas bidentate: oe Lemmas entire: annual. Lemmas convex: awn Tom below the middle. Rachilla prolonged behind the upper a E emmas runcate and erose- ate. Rachilla not prolonged: into 2 slender teeth. lemmas tapering e X. CHLORIDEAE Spikelets with more than 1 per Nen floret. Spikes numerous, slender, e dp dd on an elongate axis. Spikes few, digitate or nearly Rachis of spike extending borond the spikelets. Rachis not prolon Spikelets with only 1 weak floret, often with additional ga florets above ikelet withou addi itio nal the Fáchilla Sonic bin e o Rachilla P below the glumes, the spikelets falling e Rachilla A above the Spikes digitate: rachilla prolonged. Spike es racemose along the main axis: not prolonged. Spikelets MES DUE. or more modified florets above the ec BPE o 2 sterile florets below the perfect nd glume bearing a squarrose spine B die acht spike single, recurved. Spikelets with no sterile florets below the pe on econd glume 2-190 a squarrose spine modified florets, rachilla ng the main axis. Spikelets distant, appressed: spikes slender, elonga Spikelets. ‘contiguous or crowded, not ap- pressed: spikes usually short, relatively stout. Tr a XI. FESTUCEAE Tall oue reeds with large plume-like panicles: lemmas e with long Like” hairs as long as the Penne PE rachilla naked. Lemmas naked: rachilla hairy. Low or rather tall stems, rarely over 1.5 m. tall. Plant dioecious, perennial : lemmas glabrous: grasses e soil. : spikelets obscure, scarcely he short crowded rig id leaves. rom creeping rootstocks: spikelets in a narrow simple exserted panicle. Plant not dioecious (except in a few species of Poa with villous lemmas and in an annual species of Eragrostis). 62 19. 18. TI. 72. 71. 80. . SPHENOPHOLIS. .. NOTHOLCUS. . ARRHENATHERUM, . DANTHONIA. . AVENA. : TRISETUM. . KOELERIA. . AIRA. . ASPRIS. LEPTOCHLOA. DACTYLOCTENIUM,. ELEUSINE. SPARTINA. CAPRIOLA. CAMPULOSUS. . CHLORIS. . GXMNOPOGON. . BOUTELOUA. . ARU 82. PHBRAGIOIBES: MONANTHOCHLOE, DISTICHLIS. 36 , POACEAE Lemmas _3-nerved, the nerves prominent, often hairy. Lemmas pubescent on the nerves or callus: mid- l Palea sometimes villous, but not long-ciliate on the upper EM lf. Lemmas not pubescent on the nerves or callus (the Len Sometimes sparsely pubes- Lemmas chat aceods grain large and beaked, at maturity forcing the lemma and palea open. Lemmas membranaceous, if firm the grain neither large nor beake po E 2. E _many- -nerved, the nerves sometimes Spikelets "with 1 to 4 mo lemmas below the Aa rulg florets: nerves obscure: lemmas Spikelets "with no empty lemmas below the fer- tile florets: nerves usually prominent: mas membranaceous (firm in a few species of Bromus and Festuca). Lemmas keeled on the back. Uc strongly compressed, crowded i sided clusters at the ends of the stiff Baba d panicle-branches Spikelets Sot Strongly compressed, not wded in 1- jeg clusters. Tenma awned from a minutely bifid r n B. mius the summit in 0 tumes „papery lemmas firm, strongly ved, scari ous- -margined : upper foret- sterile, often reduced to a club-shapéd rudiment enfolded by the broad upper lemmas: spikelets tawny or purplish. Glumes not papery: LUBDEE florets not un- awnless, mostly obtuse. Nerves of the lemma converging at pes ummit : lemmas awned te Florets minute: spikelets many- en in small rigid pani- Florets 4 mm. or more long: spike- lets few a several flowered, not in rigid panicles. Lemmas entire, pd from the .pointe Een awned or awn- d m a minutely bifid a Tribe XII. HORDEAE Spikelets solitary at each node of the rachis. Spikelets placed edgewise to the rachis: glume 1 except rachi e achis Spikelets 3 at each node of the rachis, ul flow erei; the ateral pair pedicelled, usually reduced to awns. LM 2 e each node of the rachis, 2- to 6-flowered, all ali Glumes usually equalling the florets: spikelets ap- a or ascending. Glumes A or reduced to 2 short bristles: spikelets Muy spreading at maturity: ` spikes very loose 84. . TRIODIA. Qo Oo 90. 95. on (ep) d 98. TRIPLASIS, . DIARINA. . ERAGROSTIS. . UNIOLA. DACTYLIS. BROMUS. POA. . MELICA. . PANICULARIA, . SCLEROPOA. . FESTUCA. . BROMUS. . LOLIUM í. AGROPYRON. HORDEUM. ELYMUS. . HYSTRIX. POACEAE 37 e XIII. BAMBUSEA | Gregarious woody grasses "o aa branching oe 101. ARUNDINARIA. 1. TRIPSACUM L. Robust perennials, with m cious terminal and axillary inflorescences, of 1, 2, or 3 spikes, the ue tae , breaking up into bony seed-like joints, the staminate above on the same achis, deciduous hole. Staminate spikelets 2-flowered, in pai ontinuous rachis, one sessile, the other sessile or pedisollato. ’ Pistüllate pao single at each joint of the thick, hard, articulate lower part of the same rachis, sunken in hollows in the joints, consisting of one perfect floret and a sterile lemma; first glume EE nearly enfolding the spikelet, fitting into and closing the hollow of the rachis: second glume similar to the first but smaller, enfold- ing the arura of the spikelet: sterile and fertile lemmas and palea hya- line.—About 7 species in temperate and tropical America.—GAMA-GRASSES. Leaf-blades 1- : em. wide, flat: plant 1-2 m. tall. 1. T. dactyloides. Leaf-blades 1-3 mm. w ride, more or less involute: plant less than T. floridanum. 1. T. dactyloides L. Plant commonly 2-4 m. tall: leaf- blades more or less auricled at the base: rachis of the pistllats spike 5-6 mm. in diameter terminal spikes usually 2-3 together, the z A n ple s stigmas s showy during anthesis.—Mois ie riverbanks, pond-margins, and ham- mocks, | various provinees, ore us E Tex. LÍ and R. I.— S. A.)— fall, or I year r S Used ‘for are Puch abundan T. floridanum Porter. Smaller than T Eve glade Keys, and adj. Eq suh Fla. imt Florida Keys.—All year. 2. HUCHLAENA Schrad. Tall monoecious annuals or perennials, with broad leaf-blades and i sheaths. Staminate spikelets 2- d i in pairs, unequally pedicellate, on a simple rachis: racemes several, in a terminal corym- biform panicle. Pisti A spikelets sin T, closed in the a sheaths.— Three species, natives of Mex. 1. E. mexicana Sehrad. Stem up to 5 m. tall: leaf-blades elongate- de l m. long or less, up to 8 em. wide: staminate racemes mostly 10-15 em g, pike- UZTI in trapezoid joints: spikelets abou long.— (TEOSINTE. )—-Waste Beet: d cult vate grounds, Fla. Nat. of Mex. 38 POACEAE —Sum.-fall.—Plants rarely id and mature fruits only in S Fla. Grown for forage and for soil improveme 3. ZEA L. A tall annual grass, with broad, conspicuously dp blades, monoecious inflorescences, staminate flowers in spike-like racemes, thes numerous, forming large spreading panicles (tassels) terminating the Pann Pistillate inflorescence in the axils of the leaves, the spikelets in 8 to 16 or even as many as 30 rows on a thiekened, almost woody axis eob), the whole enclosed in numerous large foliaceous bracts (husks), the long styles (silk) protruding from the tops as a silky mass of threads. Spikelets unisexual; staminate spikelets 2-flowered, in La on one side of a continuous rachis, one nearly sessile, the other pedicellate: glumes membranaceous, acute: lemma and palea hyaline: pistillate ane sessile, in pairs, consisting of one fertile floret and one sterile floret, the latter sometimes developed as a second fertile floret: glumes broad, rounded or emarginate at apex: style very long and 1. Z. Mays L. Stem up to . tall, stout, leafy: leaf. blades ie oer elongate, fuly 10 em. e, nate wi or less: st oe erect, 20-30 em. long, with ene or drooping branches: pistillate paniele ultimately n from the leaf-sheaths, the grains white variously color ed.— CORN. i OR. Maize. )—Roadsides, fields, ne waste-places, locally throughout our rT Nat. of m.—Sum.- fall — Extensively ie in many vari- eties in Am from pre ehistoric times. Corn is one Cof the important economie plants of the world. : X L. Diffuse monoecious annuals, with narrow elongate leaf- blades. Inflorescence compound, each branch bearing a bead-like involucre enclosing 1 pistillate and 2 sterile spikelets, and a short staminate raceme on a slender peduncle protruding from an orifice at the summit of the in- oluere. Grain bags in the hard bead- like involuere.—Four species, natives of Asia; the DS now widely distributed in the tropic 1. C. Lachryma-Jobi L. Stem 0.5-1.5 tall, much-branched: leaf- peg ‘elongate spik S-TEARS. Widely cult. and locally escaped, cult. grounds and roadsides, Coastal Plain, Da to Tex. Nat. of E In oa C. A., S. A.)—Spr. -fall.—Employed mei oaa, while the hard mature in- volucres are used as beads. POACEAE 39 5. IMPERATA Cyr. Slender erect perennials with terminal narrow woolly panicles. Spikelets all alike, awnless, in pairs, unequally pedicellate on a slender continuous rachis, surrounded by long silky hairs: glumes a equal, membranaceous: sterile lemma, fertile lemma, and palea thin hyaline.—Five s ee in eid all tropica \ and subtropical regio 1. I. brasiliensis Trin. Stem 0.5-1 m. tall, from scaly rootstocks: leaf-blades mostly basal, 3-8 mm. wide, the stem- grs Dc the uppermost leaf reduced arl bladeless sheath: panicle UN d pe over 10 = oe ee 2 ae BLADY-GRASS SILVER-P E.)—-Pinelands, prairies, sand- dunes and. Everglades, 5 Fla.—(W. I., Me A., S. A.) — ear.— Conspieuous on account of te anh narrow silvery plume-like a ue The plants are often tufted. | M 6. MISCANTHUS Anderss. Robust perennials with usually flat leaf- blades and terminal panicles of aggregate slender racemes. Spikelets all per- fect, in pairs, End pedicellate along a continuous rachis: glumes mem- branous: lemma hyaline, 2-toothed, with a slender, somewhat panel a and flexuous awn.—Six species, natives of Asia. . M. sinensis Anderss. Stems 1-2 m. pem leaf-blades 80 em. long or less, 1-1.5 e ee : sia.—Spr.—fal do uently es E cmo] Sometimes with variegated lea 7. SACCHAR Tall enu. with many-jointed stems, flat leaf- blades, and usually large loose silky terminal panicles. Spikelets in pairs, one pn the other pedicellate, both per- eet, wnless, in slender racemes, the rachis den lating. Glumes Mid membranous, or indurate at base: lemmas hyaline, the ertile sometimes wanting. dere UN most abundant in the tropieal regions of the Old World narum L. Stem tall and leafy, A e- cumbent and rooting at e age leaf--. ades r 1 m. long, 6 ¢ less: panicle pO Jike, mostly 60 em. long or more, loose.— (SUGAR- CANE.)— Old fields 40 POACEAE and cult. grounds, n re Gulf States. Bis persisting after cult. Nat. of trop. Asia.—Spr.-fall.— vated in many varieties as sugar-cane, the main source of sugar. B el. nsed for forage. Miu its fruit in Fla. 8. ERIANTHUS Michx. Reed- like perennials, with flat leaf-blades and terminal oblong usually dense silky panicles. Spikelets all alike, in pairs along a slender axis, 1 sessile, the other pedicellate, the rachis disarticulating below the poen the rachis-joint and pedicel falling attached to the sessile-spike- let: mes coriaceous, equal, usually copiously clothed, at least at the base, with i silky Ven hairs: sterile and fertile p hyaline, the latter bearing a slender awn: palea small, hyaline.—About 20 species, natives of nearly all tropical ind temperate regions.— WOOLLY BEARD-GRASSES. PLUME GRASSES.—Some species are cultivated ior ornament, but the plants are too coarse for forage Spikelets with a tuft of hairs at base. Awn flat, spirally coiled at base, the upper portion moré or less bent and flexuous or loosely spira Basal hairs ane as long as the brownish spikelets: poc not conspicuously . hairy, the ma xis and branches visible: stems us ally pins below. panicle. 1. E. contortus. Basal hairs copious, about twice as long as the yellowish E panicle conspicuously woolly, the hairs hiding he main axis and branches : zn villous below panicle. 2. E. divaricatus. usually straight, sometimes fle sone asal hairs rather sparse, shorter than the nse 3. E. brevibarbis. Basal a copious, longer n the spikelet 4. E. oe Spikelets naked, nearly so, at base D. E. st: E. contortus Ell Stem 1-2 m. tall, glabrous or sometimes sparsely ap- aad pilose below the panicle, the nodes glabrous or pubescent with erect deciduous. hairs: panicle 15-30 em. long, m the branches ascending but not we closely appressed: spikelets 6-8 mm. long, '/ M brownish, glabro us on the back, id raehis- 5) : »" tZ. about a ZU [E. Small Nash]—Moist ( EZ pinelands, thickets, and dry slopes, Coastal W: Ed - Plain, Fla. to E Tex., Okla., and Md. 7 2. E. divaricatus (L.) A. Hitehe. Stem W a“ th ) 1.5-3 m. tall appressed-villous gZ- E e ER below panicle, "M nodes pub EE ressed-hirsute: — paniele 20—30 e dre ng, tawny or purplish: . m a= = REM f spikelets 5-6 m ong, pus sparsely vil- “=f RN is bd than th eopious basal hairs, -- —— the s ong. [E. alopecuroides En J—I mp ode d rocky hills, and or of ce S rig Plain and Suc more northern provinees, Fla. to E Tex. 3. E. brevibarbis Michx. Stem 1-2 m. tall, a the nodes p or appressed-hirsute: panicle 20-30 ¢ em, ong: rown or purplish, the branches ascending, not conspicuously woolly: spikelets 6-7 mm. long, brown.—Moist soil, low thickets and about ponds Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Del 4, E. saccharoides Michx. Stem 1-3 m. tall, appressed-villous below the panicle, the nodes hispid with appressed-deciduous hairs: panicle oblong or ovoid, tawny or purplish, 10-40 cm. long, rather compact (E. ie or somewhat open: spikelets 5-7 mm. long, sparsely long-villous on the upper part. [E. lazus Nash E. compactus Nash E. Tracyi Nash]—Moist soil, POACEAE | 41 swamps, wet hammocks, and marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to E Tex. and N. J 1 I.) 5. E. strictus Baldw. Stem 1-2 m. tall, dps the nodes hirsute with stiff erect vee hairs: panicle 20—40 cm. long, oe = branches closely ap- abo abou pressed: spikelets ut 8 mm. long, scabrous, the a raight, about 1.5 em. . long.—Moist soil, marshes, low. thickets and bads of a. Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., S Mo., Tenn., and S. C. MANISURIS L. Slender rather tall perennials or annuals with nip. numerous smooth cylindrie or flattened spikes or racemes, single on the s and branches. Spikelets awnless in pairs at the nodes of a thickened eru te rachis, one sessile and "ni the other pedicellate and sterile, the pedicel thick- ened and appressed to the rachis, the sessile spikelet fitting closely ires the rachis, forming a cylindric or subcylindric raceme: glumes obtuse, the first coriaceous, fitting over the hollow containing the spikelet, the second less coriaceous than the first; sterile and fertile lemmas ie palea hyaline: pedicel- late spikelet reduced, often rudimentary. [Rdttboellia L. f.]|—About 20 species, natives of the warm temperate and tropical regions of both hemispheres. Of little economic importance. | "E pn perennial. E eu not compressed-keeled: first glume more or less 1. M. campestris Le e sheath compressed-keeled: first glume tessellated or wrinkled, rarely smooth. First glume tessellated, the depressions rectangular. 2. M.tessellata. First glume wrinkled, tubercled, or smooth. Glume bearing prominent transverse wrinkles. 3. M. rug Glume bearing a few low tubercles or smooth. 4. M. tuberculosa, Plant annual. 5. M. ex 1. campestris (Nutt.) A. Hitche. Stem 0.3-1 tall, ad. rather slender, . producing short rootstocks: leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wide: raceme 5—15 em. long, u pestris Nutt R. cylindrica Chapm. M. cylin- i drica Kuntze]—Pinelands and Lr es, Coastal Plain, Fla. to E Tex. S Mo., S. C. 2. m tessellata (Steud.) Scribn. Stem 0.8—1.2 m. tall, rather ae Bi 5-12 . lo Rs deis about .long. [R. corrugata Chapm. ]—Moist a. Coastal Plain, Fla. to EZ and Ala. - M. ipis (Nutt. Kuntze. Stem 0.7—1.2 tall: raceme 5-8 cm. long: first o win h prominent unc e ridges. [M.C ash k. rugosa Nutt.]—Wet edo ed Plain, Fla. to E Tex. and S N. J. 4. M. tuberculosa Nash. Similar to M. rugosa; but the first glume with a few short ridges or low tubercles, these sometimes obscure or wanting, the glume then smooth and shining. —Lake shores and about ponds, pen. Fla. . M. exaltata (L. f.) Kun Stem stout, ps m. tall or En pipe leaf-sheaths hispid; leaf- blades glongate l- 2. o em. wide: mes numerous, ` more or less included at base, dwindling at the summit HAT Dons abortive ye ~ di glume of sessile spikelet smooth.—Moist soil, S Fia. Nat. f S Asia. (W. I.) 42 POACEAE 10. RYTILIX Raf. Much branched erect annuals with flat leaf-blades, h ous racemes single and more or less enclosed in the sheathing braet, ee somewhat clustered in the axils of the leaves. Spikelets awnless, in pairs, the rachis-joint and pedicel grown together, the two clasped between the edges of tl o spicuous, staminate. [ ochloa Kuntze] —Consists of the folowing species only: 1. R. granularis (L.) Skeels. Stem much as 1 m. tall: leaf-sheaths papillose hispid: raceme 1-2 em. long. [Manisuris granularis Sw. Hackelochioa udin: Kuntze]—Pinelands, prair and waste grounds, v wes provinees, Fila. 75 Ga. to Ariz. Nat. I.— (W , C. A. S. A., O. W. E weed in PA pnm 11. BLYONURUS Humb. & a Ereet moderately tall perennials with solitary spike-like racemes. Spikelets awnless, in pairs along a somewhat tardily disarticulating rachis, the joints and pedicels thickened and parallel, the sessile spikelets appressed to the concave side, the pedicellate spikelet staminate, simi- lar to the sessile one, the pairs falling with a joint of the rachis: first glume firm, somewhat coriaceous, with a line of bal- sam glands on the marginal nerves, the apex acute or acuminate, bifid: second glume simi- first: sterile and fertile lemmas hyaline: palea obsolete.—About 15 species, circumtropical—Important grazing grasses in tropical America. 1. E. tripsacoides Humb. & Bo npl Stem 0.6-1.2 m. tall: leaf-blades flat or involute, 2—4 mm. wide, eee Dos on the upper surface below e 7—12 em. long: sessile Spikelet 6-8 mm. e mocks, pine- ands, prairies, and open grassy slopes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.—(Mez., °C. A., S. A.) 12. ANDROPOGON [Royen]L. Mostly slender perennials (in our range), with solid sometimes tufted e the spikelets arranged in racemes, these single, in pairs, or in 3's or the common pedunele per enclosed by a spathe-like sheath, these sheaths p numerous, forming a compound inflores- cence, usually narrow, but sometimes in dense subcorymbose masses. Spikelets in pairs at each node of an artieulate rachis, one sessile and perfect, the other pedicellate and staminate, neuter or reduced to the pedicel, the rachis and pedicels of sterile spikelet often villous, sometimes conspicuously so: glumes of fertile spikelet coriaceous, narrow, the first rounded, flat, or concave on the ck, several-nerved, the median nerve weak or wanting: sterile lemma hyaline: fertile lemma hyaline, narrow, entire or bifid, usually bearing a bent and twisted POACEAE 43 awn: palea Ayala, small or wanting: pedicellate spikelet sometimes staminate and about as large as the sessile eae sometimes reduced or wanting, only the pedicel present. [Schizachyrium Nees]—About 150 species widely dis- 1 SE forage grasses. Racemes single, from bract-like sheaths. — (Schieachyr ium.) I. SCOPARII. Racemes more than one n the spathe or several in a panicle on a naked peduncle.— (Andr II. FuRCATI. I. SCOPARII Leaf-blade A or folded, not tere First glume of sessile spicier ET abro In ra nodes of rachis glabrous or ciliate at base Va near apex only. Sessile Spikelet 4 Tur long: leaf-blades scarcely 1m e. 1. A. tener. S essile spikelet about 6 mm. long: leaf-blades ‘mostly 2-4 mm. wide. Internodes of rachis and sterile pedicel villous from ase to apex Rootstock pre 2. A. semiberbis. Sessile SIRO about 1 cm. long. Glume of pedicellate 'spikelet 1- EAS 3. A. maritimus. Glume of Poan spikelet 3-awned. 4. A. littoralis. ie e spikelet Em . long. 5. A. stolonifer Rootstock w 6. A. scoparius First sos to TOE spikelet v illous. 7. A. hirtiflo Leaf-blade slender, terete, the upper surface a mere groove. 8. A. gracili II. FURCATI ~ Pedicellate spikelet staminate, similar to the cous spikelet. 9. A. provincialis. Pedicellate spikelet reduced to 1 or 2 glume Racemes in pairs, the spathes aggregate in a flabellate i ce. 10. A. glomeratus. Pls in each SUE about 5 m long. 11. A. longiberbis. Peduncles in each spathe about 2 em. lon ng. lla. A. Tracyi. Silky hairs of the spike s Dd sparse not concealing the rachis and sterile pedicels. Plant green, more or less pilose od the leaf- sheaths or blades 2. A. virginicus. Plant glabrous, ofen glaucous. igule truncate, concealed within the folded blade. 13. A. capillipes. Ligule acutish, protruding from the folded e 4. A. perangustatus. Peduncle of the 2-4 racemes more than 1 cm. long, er. 15. A. brachystachys. Hs ma more than 15 mm. long. Sheaths, n the upper, long and flated, r less aggregate: rachis IS SI Batu. nud "fex xuous, the internodes 2-3 mm. long. Nae not conspicuously inflated (or occa- onally so in A. campyloracheus). Rachis conspicuously ERE rand flexuous, the internodes 7-10 m n ong 17. A. campyloracheus, Rachis not conspi ieugusly: s sends racemes l densely silky. Racemes in 4's : plant stout, thg sheaths usually wo olly. 8. A. Mohrii. Racemes in pair First glume “of sessile spikelet 2- nerved between the keels: hairs 16. A. Elliottii, 44 POACEAE on rachis and E pedicels not Ene spikele 19. A. Cabanisii. First glume of Sas spikelet nerve ae ess between the keels. Awn twisted into a column at base ) Stamen 1: spikelets 4-5 mm. long, with mo hairs about as long, con- cealing the US. awn rather short. 20. A. arctatus. Stamens 3: spikelets 5-7 r longer, concealing the spikelets : awn 15-20 mm. ; 21. A. ternarius. Awn not twisted into a column at base: plant stout, much- branched: spikelets 3 mm long. 22. A. floridanus. A. tener (Nees) Kunth. Stem slender, 0.6-1 m . tall, sometimes reclining deoram leaf- blades seareely 1 mm. wide: racemes long- -exserted, slender, : first glu 4 awn mm. lon [S. tenerum , Nees —Drv pine- m woods, an nd prairies, Coastal Plain, a. and Tex.— (IF. I., Mex., A., 2. A. dete dr pls p Stem glabrous, ereet, ae d eaf- pesa RE 2—4 vide acemes i pm mt the joi m: m. tiapid at ee bs erect hairs: sessile spikelet about 6 long, acuminate, the awn a -15 mm. 7 =a _ Tong sterile pedicel ciliate on belo he middle [ S. ie eee pen. Fla.— (I. I., S. A.) . A. maritimus Chapm. Stem decumbent at pene often p 0.4—0.6 m lon ng: leaf-she nd compressed and keeled: racemes 3-0 e ong, the rachis ered r Ears bee mg flexuous, the hairs about 5 um ee sessile spikelet 8 ong, KR ous, the awn about 1 cm. long: sterile spikelet staminate, e. as pes as ae fertile. [S. maritimum Nash ]- Coastal sands, W Fla. and Mis 4. A. littoralis Nash. Resembling A. maritimus: sterile. o a single glum t 5 mm. long, the 3 nerves b utum. into eusps or awns, the central distinet, the lateral usually minute, etimes wanting. rs. littorale Bickn. S. triaristatum Nash ]—Sand-dunes ana poe Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., . Y., and N. J. A. stolonifer d A. wong Stem 0.6—1 m. tall, often glaucous: hae sheaths glabrous: racemes 3—4 em. long, the rachis slender and flexuous, the s t 3 mm. long: aisle spikelet eripi 3 mm. long. [S. s Bose ium ash]—Pinelands, prairies, hammocks, and rublands, Coastal Plain, Fla., —Differs from A. scoparius in hae rootstocks. Forms rarely have Ga. pA leaf- sheaths. 6. A. scoparius Michx. Stem 0.5-1.5 m. tall, n KA leaf-sheaths glabrous or sometimes villous: racemes 3-6 cm. long, rachis slender an uous: sessile spikelet 6—7 mm. long, A, A a 8-15 mm. long. d S Nash S. villosissimum Nash S. acuminatum Nash]— (LITTLE STEM. BROOM-SEDGE.)—Pinelands, prairies, open woods, hillsides, and dry fields, various provinces, Fla. to Ariz., Alb., and N. B. POACEAE | 45 7. A. ru had un Kunth. Stem 0.6—1.2 m. tall, often glaucous: leaf- bla va es 2 mooth: racemes 6-10 em. long, the base included in the som 2 fated. upper z sheath, the denn straight, the joints tapering below Se ide: abou . long, the awn geniculate and twisted, about 1 e long: dw dps cd peru to a Mas 2—4 mm. long, the Ped thick, villous. [.A. ae Chapm. A. feensis gar S. i M Nash]— Pinelands, rc provinces, Fla., Ga., and Ariz. (W. I., Mex., S. A.) 8. A. ie emi Spreng. Stem slender, tufted, glabrous, 0.2-0.6 m. tall: racemes 2—4 cm. long, silvery ae ae cee the rachis slender, very villous: sessile “pike et abe ut 5 mm. long, n ge ae te and twist ed, 1-2 em. long: pedicellate spikelet re io to an awned or awnless glume, the pedieel very villous. [S. gracile Nash]—Rocky e S la. —(W. I.) 9. A. provincialis Lam. Glabrous or more or less villous and often glauc- ous: stem 1-2 m. l: racemes 2—4, rarely more, on each peduncle, long-ex- serted, 5—10 cm. long, the bsp terminal and axillary: rachis straight, the joints E at base and along o r both m x rn sessile spikelet 7-10 mm. long, t sane a slightly JE scabrous, the awn geniculate and tightly ed belor 1-2 em. E Wa pedieel s sparingly ab du is hairs whitish. LA. T urcatus Muhl. A. tennesseensis Scribn.]— (BLUE-STEM.)—Dry soil, open w zu i de and old fields, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ariz., and Me. 10. A. glomeratus (Walt.) B. S. P. Glabrous 2 often n the leaf- sheaths sometimes villous: stem 0.5—1.5 m. tall: racemes 1—3 em. long, as long as or a little eiii than the somewhat c ene and protruding from its side, the n peduncle within the spathe, and the stem just below the spathe villous, d the rachis slender s flexuous, ions alone. Meus Spikelet 3—4 . long, the awn straight, 1-1. . long:.sterile spikelet reduced to a subu- late Eee or d the pedicel Pee long- -villous. [4. macrourus “Michx. A. corymbosus Nash A. tenuispatheus Na sh]—Low moist grounds, swamps, see and wet Pinelands, C vier Plain and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Mass.—(W. I , C. A.) 11. A. longiberbis Hack. Ea slender, 0.5-1 m. a racemes in, pairs, 2—3 em. long, the dx athe 3-5 em. long, enclosing the base of the ra o sessile To about 3 mm. ions the awn slender and gale) 10-15 mm. long. SPON pen. Fla.—A. Tracyi Nash, differs from A. lon giberbis in s ince peduncles oe " em) of the racemes in each spathe: leaf. sheaths glabrous.—Pinewoods, Fla. 12. A. virginicus L. Stem virgate, 0.5-1 m. tall: lower sheaths compressed, equitant: ligule E e A ugs di iud along the upper half or two-thirds of the plan —4 from each spathe, 2-3 em. long, the t ab em. long. [4. te etrastachys Ell. A. vaginatus Ell. macrourus vir Chapm.]— ( BROOM- SEDGE. ry grounds, pinelands, open woods, old fields, and beach sands, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Mass.; also in S Calif.—(W. I., Mex.) 13. A. capillipes Nash. Differs from A. vi irgini icus in i ing EUN, a glaucous, especially the ind piede innov aes s, in having flexuous peduncles and often a more compact inflore ce: ligule eren or Mid ciliate. ‘4 es Nash]. Moist piselands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C 14. A. d Rie Nash. Plant green or slightly uA stem slender, 0.3—0.6 m. tall: sheaths not equitant: leaf-blades very narrow, the blades of the uo Mens folded, almost filiform, the ligule 1-1. 5 mm . long, firm 46 POACEAE glabrous. [A. virginicus stenophyllus Hack.]—Wet pinelands, Fla.—The le af blades of the innovations are often solid, the upper surface being obliterated. 15. A. brachystachys Chapm. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall: spathes in ong in- igi not usu pap inflated, the Ra ON of the spathes sender, often ex acemes in pairs, u usually about 1 cm. long, Put pas n peduncle sone s pore from the spathe: sessile Berne abou t long, the awn less than 1 em. long, sometimes wanting.—Moist de la. 16. A. Hlliottii Chapm. Stem e i : a m. tall: jn ae ao or ne villous, the upper inflated and aggregat es in pairs, 3-4 ¢ ong, S of the pedicels exserted from the “appressed cade e and irum the ped Hope more or less ineluded i 2 inflated u upper pec sessile D t 4-5 mm. long, the iie 10-15 m ong, ME e and twisted.—Pinelands, prairies, rocky hills, open dry grounds and old o. Coastal "Plain End occasiona ally adj. prov- inces, Fla. to E Tex., S Mo., and Pa.—(Mez.) —The inflat ae de Dn s are conspicuous in winter.—A. gracilior (Hack. Nash i ender form wi sometimes scarcely inflated upper sheaths. [A. in uu Nash] Fla. to Miss. 17. A. campyloracheus Nash. Stem 0.4-0.8 m racemes mostly in pairs, sometimes in 3’s or 4’s, 5-10 cm. long, the terminal Ln nele dong. -exserted: rachis slender and very flexuous, the internodes mu onger than the sessile spikelet, this 3—4 mm. long, the awn as much as 2 c em. o S pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La a. 18. A. Mohrii Hack. Stem stout, 0.8-1. : m. tall: xdi e especially at summit of sheath: racemes in 4's, 2—4 em. long, protruding from the side of inflated spathes and about as long as Hoo rachis Pi d flexuous: P spikelet 4—5 mm. long, longer than the internodes of the rachis, the awn 1.5—2 em. long.—Wet pinelands and beach sands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to La. and N C. 19. A. Cabanisii Hack. Stem stout, 0.6-1 m. tall: racemes 4—7 cm. long, pP a ae scattered along the upper = of the bn d dad let 6—7 . long, the first glume firm, broadly lanceolate, the awn abou long. —Dry E rM pen. Fla. 20. A. arctatus Chapm. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall: racemes 3-5 em. long, tawny: sessile spikelet 4—5 mm. long, the awn 1-1.5 em. long.—Low pinelands, Fla. 21. A. ternarius Michx. Stem 0.8-1.2 m. tall: racemes 3—5 em. long, silvery y. Bene: stout. [A. en Sch ult. A. mississippiensis Seribn. & Ball A. Scribnerianus Nash ]— andy soil, often in pinelands or open woods, UR Plain and i Bloc aides Fla. to E Tex., Okla., and Del. 22. A. floridanus Seribn. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall: dens en em. long, slender, the cun long-exserted on capillary peduncle in a large loose inflorescence. |A. Bakeri Seribn. & Ball]— Mr s PN pod Fla. hraxon ciliaris cryptatheris Hack. A weak-stemmed, laxly branching annual, with ascending flowering branches, n ring thin cordate-lanceolate e S , occurs in ~ and old fields, various provinces from Fla. to Ark. and Penn. Nat. of Asi 13. HOLCUS L. Tall or moderately tall o or dde with flat leaf-blades and terminal panicles. Spikelets in pairs, the pedicellate spikelet well-developed, usually staminate: racemes reduced » pe joints, these dis- articulating tardily, the racemes in a large open or contracted panicle.—About 10 species widely distributed in tropical and warm temperate regions. Plants p with stout creeping rootstocks. 1. H. halepensis. Plants an 2. H. Sorghum. POACEAE 4T H. halepensis L. pape 0.5—1.5 m. tall, arising from a stout creeping dde stock: panicle oblong or pyramidal, ud cm. long, the branches sometime finally drooping: sessile spikelet 4.5—5.5 me plump, more or n "un "the YA) A LU n, if present, 1— E 5 ¢ ong, deciduous. We Woe halepens A Andropogon halepensis Brot 1 Jon -GRA NSON-GRASS. EVER- GREEN-MILLET. EGYPTIAN-MILLET. )—Fields and waste-places, various en Fla. to Tex., Calif., Kans., and Mas Nat. 2 Afr.—(W. L., Mex., C. A., 8. rss —Som times a trou blesome weed. This and the ee ied sometimes produee hydro- cyanic acid in sufficient abundance re poison dir nue 2. H. Sorghum L. Annual with stouter stems and broader leaf-blades. The culti- vated sorghum or sorgo sometimes persists in fields and waste- -places, locally throughout our range. Nat. of E. L—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—This grass has been cultivated from pd times in many varieties: = jid be < rage— ,M LU, KAOLIANG, DURRA, BROOM-CORN, EGY | sae CHICKEN-CORN, J ee one Foreeama—and ‘for its a juice “which made into sirup. kh o £5 go 3 N > raj Lam. E E e on 14. SORGHASTRUM Nash. Erect rather tall perennials, with narrow flat leaf-blades and narrow terminal panicles. Spikelets in pairs, one d terete, sessile and fertile, the other wanting, only the ek pedicel pre : glumes coriaceous, brown or yellowish, hirsute: sterile and fertile lemmas as the latter bearing a well-developed bent and twisted awn: racemes reduced to 1 to " few joints.—About 12 species, natives of tropieal and temperate regions.— INDIAN-GRASSES. INDIAN-REEDS Awn usually 15 mm. or less long, once bent: spikelets yellowish: panicle rather ense. 1. S. nutans. Awn 20 to 30 mm. long, twice bent, twisted below the second bend. Spikelets d brown, the D eee villous only at the very tip: pa anicle loose, not u eral. 2. S. Elliottii. Spikelets "vellovish- -brown, the upper peii of the ultimate branchlets with oe ascending hairs: panicles rather dense, . distinctly unilater 3. S. secundum. S. nutans (L.) Nash. Stem 1-2.5 m. tall: Pene oe yellowish or bronze, 20-50 em. lon , rather compact, the branchlets not flex- e Ln 1 - : ceum Chapm. S. nutans A. Gray ]— (Woop-GRASS.) —Dry soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex Ariz., N. D., and Me.—(Menz.) 2. S. Elliottii eru Nash. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall: panicle 15-30 em. long, loose, the agn flexuous or drooping: spikelets [S. Linnaeanum Nash]— soil, woods, slopes, and bluffs, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to E Tenn., and Md. 48 POACEAE 3. S. jim (Ell) Nash. Stem 1-2 m. tall: panicle 20—40 cm. long: spike- lets 6-8 m ong. ouem secundum Chapm.]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., ed S. C | 15. RHAPHIS Lour. Our species annual, with open panicles, the three spikelets (reduced racemes) borne at the ends of long slender naked branches. Spikelets in 3’s, one sessile and perfect, the other two pedicellate neo or sometimes a pair below, one fertile and one sterile: fer- tile spikelets terete, glumes coriaceous: sterile and fertile lemmas hyaline, the latter long-awned.—Twenty species, widely distrib- uted in tropical regions. 1. R. pauciflora (Chapm.) Nash. Stem 0.5- 1 m. tall: panicle eel open, the branches 2-5 em. long: spikelets about 8 mm. long, the peduncle disjointing obliquely leaving : a oe sy e: below. [Sorghum pauciflorum Pinelands d old fields, pen. Fla.—( Cuba. i) 16. HETEROPOGON Pers. Annuals or perennials, often robust with flat leaf-blades and solitary terminal r es: raehis slender, the lower part, bearing the pairs of med spikelets, continuous, the remainder disarticulating ob- liquely at the base of each joint, the joint forming a on arp-barbed callus below the fertile o - pedicellate dcm readily falling, its pedicel remaining, obseured i e hairs of the callus. Spikelets in pairs, one sessile, the other Ae ed of dus lower pos to several pairs staminate or neuter, the re- mainder of the sessile spikelets perfect, terete, long-awned, the pedicellate spike- lets, like the lower, staminate, flat, conspicuous: glumes of the fertile are equal, coriaceous, the first brown- d infolding the second: lemmas hyaline the fertile one bearing a strong bent and twisted brown awn: palea wan d. glumes of the staminate spikelet ie hide. the first green, faintly many-nerved, nsymmetrieal, one submarginal keel rather broadly winged, the other e the mar- gins inflexed, the second glume narrower, symmetrical.—Six species, most ins in the Old World. Our species is annual. 1. H. eed iod a bs l- 2 m. tall, bra 3-6 cm. long: sessile spikelet z i Hest the wn 10-15 em. long: pedicellate spikele 1. 5-2 cm. long, acuminate, the first glume with a row of oil glands. [H. acuminatus "ri n.]—Fields and open grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. , Ala., and Ga. ; also in Ariz.—(Mez., C. A., S. A.) 17. NAZIA Adans. Low annuals with flat leaf-blades and terminal spikes, the bur-like clusters of spikelets rather closely arranged along a slender axis. POACEAE 49 Spikelets in groups of 2—5, the groups falling entire, the spikelets sessile on a short zigzag axis, the upper 1-3 reduced and sterile, the lower perfect, 1-flowered: first glume small and thin, or wanting: second glume of the two lower spikelets Three species, natives of the tropics, and more widely naturalized. N. racemosa (L.) Kuntze. Stem usually branching at the base and decumbent, 30 em. long or ie leaf- ‘blades ciliate, mostly less than 5 em. long: spike 8 em. lo r less: spikelets n o mm. long, the acuminate aces, especially ballast, coast region of , and at more northern seaports; p in Tex. and Ariz. Nat. of Eu. 18. ANTHAENANTIA Beauv. Erect perennials, with short creeping rootstocks, narrow, firm flat leaf-blades, the uppermost much reduced, and nar- = Tow panicles, the slender branches ascending or appressed. Spikelets obovoid, villous: first glume wanting: second glume and sterile lemma subequal, broad, fertile lemma cartilaginous, boat-shaped, 3-nerved, subacute, chestnut-brown, as long as the none the pale margins very narrow.—Two species, natives of the S United States Een Drones erect, or spreading at the apex, linear, folded at base: pane rd purple r Leaf-blades R or spreading (on the average shorter and broader an in si rh tapering to the apex, rounded at base: panicle usually pal 2. A. villosa. . A. rufa (Ell) Ee Stem d mid 0.6-1.2 r crowded, keeled, often art deaf blades apa tly 20-50 em. long, 2-4 wide: panicle 8-15 cm.. lon ng, 1.5- 3 wide, brownish at maturity, the e erect rol ee panne ape spike- let ous pubescence in pee ; do own middle of the inter- nerves,— Moist pu Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. 2. - Manes sa (Michx.) Beauv. Differs fro A. rufa in the short lower ids. “shorter, wider leaf- blades and paler, open aee ——Dry pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. o E Tex. and N. C. 19. VALOTA Adans. Perennials from knotty pubescent crowns, the slender racemes erect or nearly so, aggregated along the upper part of the main - - ^ CA T m. * b» KK =~ ies NN SQ N 5 T T o AT: + -4 MT —— e ins REN 4 50 POACEAE axis, forming a white or tawny silky panicle. Spikelets lanceolate, in pairs, dor -pedicelled in 2 rows along one side of a narrow rachis: first glume minute, glabrous: second glume and sterile lemma about as long as the fruit, 3—5-nerved, co- piously silky: fertile lemma cartilaginous, MA lanceolate, acuminate, brown, the flat white hyaline margins broad.—About 12 species, in temperate and tropical America. 1. V. insularis (L.) Chase. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall, rather stout: leaf-blades as much a s 30 em. long and 1.5 em. wide: panicle 15-30 —(&iLKY-GRASS.)—Moist soil and waste- plaees, Coastal TN Fla. and S Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) 20. SYNTHERISMA Walt. Erect or prostrate annuals or perennials, the slender racemes digitate or aggregate on a short axis. Spikelets in 2’s or 3’s, subsessile or short-pedicelled, alternate in 2 rows on one side of a 3-angled rachis, lanceolate or elliptic: first glume minute or wa nting: second glume equalling the sterile lemma or shorter: fertile lemma cartilaginous, the hyaline margins pale. [Digitaria Haller ]—About 60 species, in tropical and temperate regions. ——FINGER-GRASSES. CRAB-GRASSES.—Some species are pernicious weeds. Rachis of AA winged, or flat-margined : ereeping annuals. I. SANGUINALIA. Rachis of raceme wingless, triangular: plants not creeping, an- nual or oraa II. FILIFORMIA. I. SANGUINALIA Rachis bearing scattered aa fine hairs uc. rarely wanting): spikelets narrow, cuminate, nearly glabro 1. S. digitatum. irs. Leaf-sheaths glabrous: fertile lemma brown. S yd pi elets 2 T 2. S. Ischaemum. Spikelets 1.7 ng. 3. S. floridanum. Leaf-sheaths hispid | villous: fertile lemma Spikelets 1.5 mm. long: pedicels terete, glabro 4. S. serotinum. Mops 2.5-3.0 mm on ee pedicels angled, oa ae Second gare much smaller than the spikelets: eo glume nt. 5. S. sanguinale. Second ‘gume equalling the spikelets ; first glume ob- 6. S. Simpsoni. i II. FILIFORMIA l Fertile lemma pale or gray: plant perennial. T. S. pauciflorum. Fertile lemma dark-brown : plant erect or at least not rooting at P base, annual or sometim ud apparently perennial. Second glume and sterile lemma eee 8. S. gracillimum. Second gl ma a e ouneacent: Spikelets about 1.5 mm. long eaf-blades folded o or involits, flexuous. 9. S. paniceum. Leaf- blades flat. 10. S. filiforme. Spikelets 2-3 mm. long. 11. S. villosum. 1. S. digitatum (Sw.) A. Hitche. 1 n and iu m the aspect of S. sanguinale: stem as much as 60 em. long or rarely 1 : leaf- d papillose -hirsute: racemes A mostly 9—10, El e ing, 5-10 cm. long: spikelets about 2 mm. long: first glume minute; second POACEAE 51 glume half as long as the spikelet, both a C. A 2. S. Ischaemum (Schreb.) Nash. Plant decumbent and spreading or at first erect: stem En less than 50 em. tall: leaf- : Panicu abru Gaud.]|—Waste-places, various KM DECR S. C. to Ark., S. D., and Me.; oc- casional westward. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.) 3. S. floridanum A. pene Differs from S. Ischaemum in e smaller spike- ra (1. 7 mm. long, 0.6 wide) and the less pubescent second glume and sterile lemma, the hairs nob being Sandi dr — Sandy puni error Co., Fla. flowering pinu usually not more than 30 e ll: leaves erowded s e “creep: ing stems, the sheaths villous, the blade 1-2 em i usually 3—5, slender, often areuate, usually 3-6 cm. long: puo ule erowded: first glume wanting: second glume about one- i as long as the sterile lemma, both pubescent. [Panicum serotinum Mic A [Ss ERSUnrG and waste- im. Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—(W. I.) s. sanguinale (L.) Dulae. dem nt ~ ee often purplish: stem rooting at the lower nodes, h as 1m : leaf-shea Bes papillose- pilose: racemes several to many, 3-15 c m. long, Ted at the summit of the or m alf g Pu arid or the sterile lemma glabrous. [Panicum sanguinale L. S. fimbriatum S. marginatum Nash barbatum pir wis B-GRASS. rd ields, pas- iu and waste-places, throughout E U. S.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., , O. W.) 6. S. ipie Casey) Nash. Stem creeping and rooting at the lower nodes, as much as e leaf- bed a -pilose, those of the innova- tions ee od and K rac ending, pale, 8-12 em. long: Spikelets aont 3 mm. n cond. zin d sterile lemma. finely nerved, as lo ong as the fertile lemma. E fields, : Fla — (Cu ba.) 7. S. pauciflorum A. Hitche. Plant perennial: stem erect or somewhat decu bent at base, 0.5-1 m. tall, very slender: leaf-sheaths and blades BRI villous: racemes 2-3, ascendi ing or erect, 5-11 em. M the filiform rachis naked for aa em. at base: spikelets rather distant, elliptic, about 3.2 mm. long, glabrous : first glume minute, with a hyaline erose margin: second glume and sterile inate a finely nerved, as long as the grayish fertile lemma.—Pine- lands, S Fla. 8. S. gracillimum (S cheers Nash. Stem 0.5-1 m. tall: leaf- Hn als pw pil Re "blades long and narrow, 1-2 mm. wide, often involute: s 2—sev- eral, slender, ascending or PD 10—30 em. long: spikelets bur 2n mm. long, 52 POACEAE often in 3’s, the longer pediei cels as much as 5 mm. long: first glume d second glume half to thr E a as long as the sterile lemma. [S. Bakeri Nash] Modi pinelands, F 9. S. paniceum (Sw.) Nash. Stems commonly in dense tufts, O. 3-1 m. tall: leaf-shea the "at eed puerta nt or glabrous: blades about L mm. wide, im der, often folded or cd the older ones usually flexuous: racemes ostly 1-3, erect, 5—20 ecm., ommo nly 10-15 em. long.—Moist soil, pinelands "i open PUE S Fla. — (WF. I.) 10. 8S. Mn (L.) Nash. Stems usually in small tufts, m as much as : leaf-sheaths ee blades ees than 10 cm. long: racemes 1-5, xen or ascending, usually not over long: spikelets apr n erowded: ing: second gl e steri = D. e a lemma what acuminate. D filiforme L.]—Sandy fields and open Seide Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Mass. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I., Mex.) h 1 5 ei and apparently le the leaf-blades longer the racemes more ae nger Kh o H B et E Hh © 4 Hi J ie) i ag Ë © un e B au ed "3 T (2-3 mm. a Nas si lets —Sandy y fiel Ms al porto Coastal Plain, Fla. to E Tex., Okla., Il., and S Va.—(W. I., Mez.) 21. LEPTOLOMA Chase. Branching perennials with brittle culms, felty pubescent at base, flat blades and open or diffuse panicles, these breaking way at maturity, becoming tumble-weeds. Spikelets lanceolate, on slender pedicels: first glume minute or obsolete: second glume 3 -nerved, nearly as long as the 5-7-nerved sterile lemma, a e of appressed silky hairs down the fertile rg B — Four Spem Australian, exeept the ibe ae. d L. cognatum (Sehutt) Chase. Stem de- mbent at base, 20—50 em. long: leaf- blades mostly pem ‘than x em. long: panicle bee ide: V ndis ehult. P. autumnale Grad J (WITCH- RASS.)—Sandy RED grounds, rious RU Fla. to Tex., Ariz. oon UT. Vt.— (Mez.) 29. ERIOCHLOA H. B. K. Annuals or perennials with terminal panicles consisting of several to many spreading or P eis racemes, usually rather elosely arranged along the main axis. Spikelets more or less pubescent, soli- tary or sometimes in pairs, short-pedieelled or subsessile in 2 rows on one side of a narrow, usually hairy rachis, the pedicels often clothed with long stiff hairs, the back of the fertile lemma turned from the rachis: lower rachilla- joint thickened, forming a more or less ring-like callus below the second glume, the first glume reduced to a minute sheath adnate to it: second glume and POACEAE 53 sterile lemma about equal, acute or acuminate, the lemma usually enclosing a hyaline palea or sometimes staminate or flower: fertile lemma indurate, minutely papillose-rug mucronate or awned, the margins aie inrolled.—Fifteen species, in the warmer regions, but mostly Ameri- 2 1. E. Michauxii (Roem. & Schult.) A. about 5 mm. long. [E. mollis Michx. E. uC Vasey E. mollis longifolia Chapm. |—Wet soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. and S 23. BRACHIARIA (Trin.) Griseb. Annuals or perennials, with terminal inflorescence of several racemes along a common axis: T dorsally com- pressed, solitary, rarely in pairs, subsessile, in two rows one side 3-angled, sometimes narrowly winged rachis, the first glume -ee toward the axis; first glume short or nearly as long as the spikelets: second glume and sterile lemma about equal, 5- to 7-nerved, the lemma enclosing a hyaline palea and sometimes a staminate flower: fertile lemma indurate, usually papillose- rugose, the margins inrolled, the apex rarely mucronate or bearing a short awn. —Fifteen species, in the warmer regions of both hemispheres. Anastomosing veins of spikelet prominent. . B. extensa. Anastomosing veins of spikelet obscure or wanting. 2. B. plantaginea. 1. B. extensa Chase. Plant annual, nearly E. throughout: stem branch- ing, decumbent and rooting at base, 40— p m. long: pag blades flat, mostly not over 10 em. long, 2m e , 2—5, spreading, 3—7 ong, distant on ue the turgid fruit. [B. e ap em Moist fi 2 Coastal Plain, Fla. D ae ) 2. B. irae a (Link) A. Hitehe. Dif- fers from B. ensa in having the anas- tomosing cM p the spikelet obscure or wanting the second gl and sterile le not pointed beyond the fr O moist ground, various provinces, Ga. to and N. J.—(Mez., S. A.) 24. AXONOPUS Beauv. Our species stoloniferous or tufted glabrous perennials, with usually flat abruptly rounded or somewhat pointed leaf-blades, and 2—4 slender spike-like digitate racemes. Spi ike lets depressed biconvex, not turgid, oblong, usually obtuse, aed sessile and alternate in 2 rows on one side of a 3-angled rachis, the back of the fertile lemma turned from the axis: first glume wanting: second glume ae sterile lemma equal, the former without 94 POACEAE a palea: fertile lemma indurate, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, the margins of the lemma slightly inrolled.—A bout 30 species, mostly natives of tropieal Ameriea. Spikelets 2-2.5 mm. long, obscurely silky pubescent: midnerve suppressed. 1. A. compressus. Spikelets more than 4 mm. long, glabrous: midnerve evident. 2. A. furcatus. A. compressus (Sw.) Bea Tufted, often producing ne leafy stolons with short broad obtuse leaf. Dudes flowering stem 20-40 cm. tall: leaf- sheaths pp das racemes mostly 2 or 3, ce ng, 8-10 em. long, long-exserted on ender pedu icles. terminal and axillary IS 2—2.5 mm. long. joaus Nash com- gro Xx, Ark, a A.) 2. A. furcatus (Flügge) » Hitehe. Plant pase ps than A. compressus, the ste fe tuft, ends stoloniferous: ac the fruit: foliage rarely pubesce [An \ strophus paspaloides Nash 2 fircatum Fliigge|—Moist pinelands and open grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va. 5. REIMAROCHLOA A. Hitche. Spreading or stoloniferous ER with flat leaf-blades and slender subdigitate racemes, stiflly spreading o flexed at maturity. Spikelets strongly dorsally compressed, lanceolate, ca nate, rather distant, subsessile and alternate in two rows along one side of a narrow, flattened rachis, the back of the fertile lemma turned toward it: both palea obsolete: fertile lemma ae in- d gins inrolled at the base only, the palea free nearly half its length.—Four species, natives of tropical America. 1. R. oligostachya (Munro) A. Hitche. Plant glabrous: stem compressed, 40-80 em long: racemes 1-4, 5-7 em. long: spikele ts E about 5 mm. long. [Reimaria oligostachya Munro]—In water or wet soil, Fla.—(Cuba.) 26. PASPALUM L. Mostly perennials, with 1 to d spike-like racemes, these single | or paired at the summit of the stem or racemosely arranged alon Spikelets plano-convex, usually obtuse, fb cele solitary or in pairs, in two rows on one side of a narrow or dilated rachis, the back of the fertile lemma toward it: first glume usually wanting: second glume and sterile lemma commonly me equal: fertile lemma usually obtuse, chartaceous- POACEAE * o0 indurate, the margins inrolled.—Over 300 species, widely distributed in the warmer parts of both hemispheres. | Rachis with broad green membranous wings. (Subgenus CERESIA.) ™ I. DISSECTA. Rachis not winged or very narrowly so. Racemes in pairs at the summit of the stem, rarely a third one’ below, divaricate at o spikelets solitary. . Spikelets narrowly ovate, 3-4.5 mm. long. II. DISTICHA. Spikelets ee circular, 1.5 mm. “Tong. III. CONJUGATA. Racemes Ra -many, racemose on the axis, not in pairs at the mmit. Fruit A ale. Spikelets not over 2 mm. long (except in no. 6) : slen- der leafless flowering branches borne in the upper she aths (except in nos. 7-10). V. SETACEA. Spikelets over 2 mm. long: branches, if any, le afy. First glume usua ally present on one of each pair of Spikelets, Du. ee on both: plants producing ; scaly rhizo V. BIFIDA. First glume uni ng. Spikelets glabrous : leaf-blades flat or folded, -12 mm VI. LAEVIA. Spikelets with " ‘Silky fringe around the margin, in pairs VII. DILATATA. Fruit dark brown at maturity VIII. PLICATULA. CI. Dis Racemes not more than 6, usually x or 4: ee broadly A rachis not extend- ing beyond the uppermost Spikelet P. dissectum. Racemes numerous : spikelets about half as broad as long: rachis extending as a point beyond the spikelet. 2. P.repens. II. DisTICHA Sterile lemma wrinkled in the internerves: spikelets glabrous, flattene 9. P. vaginatum. Sterile lemma not wrinkled : second glume pubescent. 4. P. distichum. III. CoNJUGATA Plant stoloniferous ; widely creeping. 9. P. conjugatum. IV. SETACEA First glume present in at least one of each pair of sid iu n obovate, appressed-pubescent, 2-2.5 mm r more long. 6. P. Langei. First glume wanting: spikelets not over 2 Racemes 3-9, scarcely longer than the Corresponding alend. of the axis: leaf-sheath with an erect pointed auricle on each side at the sum axillary racemes rarely Dicen Spikelets about 1.3 mm. long, obovate, blunt, crowded, glandular- pubescen us T. P. Blodgettit. ur RET 1.5-2 mm. long, ellipt 2-3 cm. long, ium thick 8. P. uo qun Racem Hes x Rp em. oe slender 9. P. lax Racemes 1 or 2, rarely 3, 2 or 3 times 19 onger than the axis internodes : leaf. Sheaths not auricled due rem So in P. ciliatifolium) : stems slen- Spikelets not over 1.8 mm. lon ng (if as much as 1.8 mm., leaf-blades either’ pubescent on the surface or clustered at the bas 10. P. longepedunculatum. Spikelets 1.6-1.8 mm. long, oval: leaf- bla a ronin a villous, usually 11. P. debile. Spikelets bau tib5m m. long, orbicular: eaf-bl es short pilose, usually not pen 4m wide. 2. P. setaceum. Spikelets 2 mm. longl or less in P. AE no ic Ey rarely over 4 mm. wid 13. P. rigidifolium. Leaf-blades lanceolate to linear, K n lat- ter pubescent on both sur fac 56 POACEAE Leaf-blades glabrous or with occasional cilia, 8-16 mm. wide. Leaf- blades firm, tapering from the FE A base to summit: plants rather sto c blades. thin, tapering toward mmit: sheaths gla- Dione or abla ciliate: spikelets 1.8-2 mm. lon Mea pubescent on one or both Le genes on both surfaces sparsely pilose with long hairs, rather thin. Leaf-blades s ely pubes scent both surfaces V. BIFID Racemes solitary or rarely 2 : spikelets subsessile, crowded. Racemes 2-5: spikelets long-pedicellate, loo VI. LAEVIA Plant erect or ascending, not stoloni dus Hor with leafy branches: spikelets PD LOOPS itary. E more or less flat Spikelets 1$5—15 as thick as broad: glume and sterile lemma firm Spikelets cd over 2.8 mm. long, longer than bro more than % as thick: panicle inuch exceeding the blades. Be dane glabrous or ciliate only. Leaf-sheaths and.blades pilose. Spikelets 3-3.2 mm. long, circular, not more uae l6 as Ede leaf- es equalling the base of the panicle or overtopping it. Spikelets "anttened. enin more than 14 as thick as broad, closely imbricate, often in pairs: pee and sterile lemma thin, the cells vis- ible: short sealy rootstocks present. paar ee or nearly so: spikelets 2.2-2.8 Plant uds: spikelets 2.7-3.4 mm. Spikelets oe plano-convex: glume ud Sterile emma Leaves clustered toward the base 2 the s rarely o 15 cm. long, the upper half "oi the Stent appearing naked: stems Jess than or a usua lly 75 cm. or less, mostly as- Endin beare scai ed along the stem; some of the bla a at least, 20 cm. long, commonly much ger turity : leaf-blades flat, ee cm. wide, the i at Glume and sterile lemma slightly inflated and wrinkled, not rusty-tinged : racemes erect or ascending : leaf-blades firm, commonly folded, ahs ee not wider than the sheath, rarely as Plant decumbe ne a t base, rooting at the nodes, or sto- from the base), producing leafy branches: rachis 20d mm. wide: spikelets in pairs, acute or sub- ute. (See also no. x Spikelets depressed plan m wide; leaf-sheaths keelod: "blades rarely ov er 5 mm. wide, "usually folded at base: racemes ascending or Spikelets turgidly plano-convex, 2 mm. or more wide: leaf-sheaths not keeled: blades more than 7 mm. wide (usually 10 mm. or more), flat. VII. DILATATA Panicle virgate, the usually numerous racemes suberect: spikelets scarcely over 2 mm. long. ped m 18. 19. Ny N bo 3. 24, bo Cc bo o t2 N to (0 0) . P. propinquum. P. ciliatifolium. . P. pubescens. . P. supinum. P. a HIM P. bifidun . P. laeve. . P. longipilum. . P. circulare. . praecoa. P. lentiferum. . P. difforme. . P. giganteum. P. floridanum. . P. lividum. . P. pubiftorum. . P. Urvillei. POACEAE 57 Panicle lax, the few to several idea. more or less . lon Spr eading : Spikelets about 3.5 m ng. 91. P. dilatatum. VIII. PLICATUL M Done 2 mm. long, nearly as broad, P M mm. wide: plant annual. 32. P. Boscianum. Spikelets: 3 mm. ones rachis 1 mm. or less wide: plant perennial 33. P. plicatulum. l. P. dissectum L. Glabrous E subaquatic perennial: stem 20-60 e long: ride 3—6 em. lon mm. wide: racemes usually erect, 2-3 e long, is rachis 2-3 mm. vide: DAE mm. long, obovate, e glabrous. [P. mem- branaceum Walt. P. Walte a Schult.] —Muddy banks, ditches, wet sandy places, and in shallow water, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Del.—(W. I.) T Berg. Aquatie perennial with ae tems as much as 200 em. long, cemes asce nding, Spreading or . lon Mei rather lax, 3—5 em. long, the rachis about : spikelets 1.4-2 mm T eliiptic “LP. mucronatum Muhl. fluitans Kunth Ponds, marshes, and streams, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ill, and S. C.—(W. I., Mex.) 3. P. vaginatum Swartz. Stem producing creeping rootstocks and also stolons 100 em. or more lo ong, d as woring shoots 8-60 em. tall: leaf-sheaths inflated; blades 3-8 mm. wide: eme ually 2, at first aed finally spreading or Pn pies 3-4. e D nme pale. [P. reimarioides Chapm.]— (SALT JOINT-GRASS. )—Sencoasts and brackish marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. G —(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 4. P. distichum L. Resembling P. vaginatum: a = usually less inflated and papery: spikelets less flattened, first glume often sent on some of the a ae T-GRASS. 3.) —Ditches, fresh or D kish marshes and Aue Coastal Plain and Basin and Range, Fla. to Tex., Calif, Okla., and N. J.— (OF. I., Mex., c. A., S. 4.) 5. P. conjugatum Berg. Perennial, extensively creeping: stems See flowering-branches as much as 100 em. tall: leaf-blades Pus thin, ae a le wide: racemes widely divaricate, usually arcuate, slende 0-12 lon io spikelets 1.5 mm. long, flat on both sides, pale- Codi silky- PUDE. Nd the margin.—Moist ground, Conatal Plain, Fla. to Tex —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A. 6. P. Langei (Fourn.) Nash. Stem 70—110 em. tall: bis vind e. or sometimes hirsute, ciliate; blades flat, as much as 1.5 em. wide: 7—9 em. long: spikelets obovate, 2.5-2.8 mm. lon ng. " [Dimorphostachys Pilitferd Nash]—Moist woods and thickets, Fla. to Tex.— (W. I.) Te P: pub dm Chapm. Stem erect, as much as 100 em. E leaf-sheaths gla- brous or the lo n deny villous; blades 2-15 m , glabrous, m ciliate: racemes eading or ascending. [P. pee rae Nash |— o and E Everglade Keys, and adj. Everglades, Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.) o8 POACEAE 8. P. caespitosum Flügge. pes 30-60 cm. tall: ae sheaths allies ; blades 3-7 mm. ne glabrous, fiat, usually subi bass rying, narrowed at both ends: s 2—6: spikelet dicium appressed- E cc. ' Pinel ands, Ever- dee. aaa ea S pen. Fla. and the Keys. (WW. I.) . laxum e pM: 60-100 em. tall: leaf-sheaths glabrous, a few long white hairs at the mouth: blades folded or wed racemes few to several, mostly o Din spikelets iri 1.8-2 mm. long, pubescent or rarely glabro [P. elatum (Fl. SE. U. S. )]—Rocky hammocks, Key West, Fla.—(W. L) . P. longepedunculatum Le ET Stem spreading, 25—80 em. tall: leaf- shoots E ciliate: blades 4—10 mm. wide, the margin ciliate: racemes 1 or 2, 2-8 em. long, slender, usually curved: spike elets 1.5 mm. lon P. ken- eae Nash]— —Pinelands, fields, and woods, Coastal Plain and ‘rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss. and K y. ne P bd bus Stem 40-100 cm. tall: leaf-sheaths villous; blades 3-10 wide: mes usually single, 7-11 cm. long: spikelets glandular- pubescent. TP. P e Nash|—Pinelands and fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. Y. 12. P. setaceum Michx. Stem 20-70 em. tall: leaf-sheaths villous; oe linear, 2.5-5 mm. wide: racemes usually single: spikelets glabrous or sparsely glandular- pubescent. A, fields, pinelands, and woods, various dud. Fla. to Tex. and N. Y. 13. P. rigidifolium Nash. iip erect, 30—80 cm. tall: lower bn sheaths vil- lous; blades erect or ascending: racemes usually ddl. 6—13 em. tall: spike s about 2 mm. long, glabrous or a —Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. Tex.—(W. I.) 4. P.propinquum Nash. Stem 2 n E bs oe E poe labrous or sparingly eras 7-20 m 3, ong: spikelets glabrous, about 2 m E imr in EM ao D E “thickets, sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. ee Tex 15. P. ciliatifolium Michx. Stem 40-80 cm. tall: leaf-blades 6-15 mm ; racemes 1l or 2, 5-11 em. long: d pid glabrous or pubescent. [P. b ied phyllum Nash P. Chapmanii Na ae ae Egg ertit Nash P. epile Nash P. latifolium Le Conte |—Fields, g pinelands, h iin woods, and swamps, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. por ES J.— (RF. I. ) pubescens Muhl. Stem 40-80 cm. tall, usually pilose below the ns 2 em. lon PD qu du racemes usually single, 1 ng: spikelets about 2 m long, glabro [P. Muhlenbergii Nas h] Fields, acid swamps, and n es Coastal Plain p rarely adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex. and Vt. 17. P. supinum Bose. Stem 20-60 cm. tall: leaf-blades 10—20 mm. racemes usually 2 s 3, 4—10 em. Ln nid about 2 mm. long, g landular- pubescent, or som mes glabro [P. dasyphyllwm El.]—Sandy soil, pine- lands, fields, hae p swamps, “Coastal plant Fla. to La., Tenn., and N. C. P. monostachyum Vasey. Glabrous: stem strict, 60-120 cm. tall: Dd blades elongate, terete: racemes mostly 10-30 cm. long: spikelets 3 mm. long. [P n E n Nash]—Wet soil, prairies and marshes, Coastal Plain, S Ed POACEAE 59 19. dum (Bertol) Nash. Stem erect, 70-130 cm. tall: leaf-sheaths Bun bene ecu eras pue mm. wide, glabrous beneath, hirsute above toward the base: ra S 2-5, 7-15 em. long, erect; the rachis very slender, flexuous: spikelets rd id 8. 5—4 mm. lon T: racemulosum Nutt.]—Dry pine- 3 ng. lands, sandy woods, shaded Du and thiekets, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C. laeve Mie Stem erect or ascending, glabrous, em m em. tall: leaf- blades glabrous, o or P ad pilose on the upper surface: racemes 2-5, usually or 4, 3—10 em. po spreading or ascending: spikelets 2. 53 mm. long. [P. angustifolium L e P. australe N ru s ood. swamps, and mea- dows, various nc. Fla. to Tex. and N. J. 21. P. longipilum Nash. Resembling P. laeve: Pee pilose on both su faces or nearly ds beneath: racemes 2-6, lax and spr num [P. ud Nash pra viria iud Nash] Mat ps soil, pinelands, , and N. Y. 22. P. circulare Na sh. Stem 30- A cm. be leaf- — sparsely pilose or the upper S blades 5-10 mm. wide, usually more or less pilose: racemes —4, 5-10 em. long, m mostly suberect or the lower irae ing.—Fields, marshes, meadows, prairies, and sandy Md Coastal Plain and occasionally adj. prov- inces, N. C. to Tex., Kans, and Con 23. P. praecox Walt. Stem 50- RA cm. tall, P og scaly rootstocks: leaf-sheaths glabrous or the lower pilose; blades 3-7 vide , Bla abrous, or T pilose on upper s n. toward the base: raceme ios 8 (us ually 4-6), 2-7 em. long, ascending.—Wet uiis e marshes, and pude odi Plain, Fla. to Tex. an d N. C. 24. P. lentiferum Lam. Resembling P. praecox, but co pups d more robust, the leaf-sheaths and blades s eonspieuously pilose: os s 2-9, usually 4 or 5, 38-10 em. long. [P. Curtisianum Steud. P. glaber n P. tardum Nash P. Kearneyi Nash P. amplum Nash] Moist M cde wet woods, and marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. 25. P. difforme LeConte. Stem 35—75 em. tall: leaf-sheaths pilose on keel e margin or glabrous; blades d pilose on the upper surface at piel t base: racemes 2 or 3, 3.5-8 em. long: spikelets mostly in p 3.04 m n oval.—Low grounds and rich woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., and Ga, 26. P. giganteum Baldw. Stem ae pies ins 200 em. oe a E scaly rootstocks: leaf-sheaths glabrous or pi : racemes ually 3 E: 10-20 em. long: spikelets 3—3.8 mm ee val or oc te, Ebo. [Pid cilium Nash.|—Moist ud soil or clay, pinelands, marshes, and ditches, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Mis 27. P. floridanum Michx. Stem 100—150 em. tall, iid E aie E (more robust and taller: foliage glabrous or near raging wm. . altissi me : Sp 0 val, glabrous.—Low sand soil, pinelands, prairies swamps, and fields, Constel Plain ae rarely a. provinees, Fla. to , Mo., and Va. 28. P. lividum Trin. Stem 60-100 em. tall: leaf-sheaths usually glabrous; blades 3-6 mm. wide, sometimes pubescent on the upper surface: racemes 60 POACEAE diia 4-1, often flexuous, 1.5-5 em. long.—Wet ground, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. T., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 29. P. pubiflorum Rupr. Stem 40-100 em. peed p stout: eus peii or the lower hirsute; blades 10-15 pee glabrous: racem sually 3-5, 5-10 cm. long: spikelets about 3 m mm. long, softly pubescent (stems often taller: spikelets A d in pubiflorum glabrum. [P. lae glumis Scribn.], Woods, various provinces, Kans., Ind., and N. C.), bro oadly obovate. [P. Hallii Vasey & Seribn. P. potere Nash ]—Moist soil, Coastal Plain, La. to Tex.—(Mez.) 30. rvillei Steud. Stems in large clumps, 100—150 cm. tall: bota leaf- sheaths ‘densely pe prem purplish ; hee des 8-12 mm. wide: s 10- 20, P. Vaseyanum Seribn.]—(VASEY- GRASS. ) — Fields, low C.—(C. A., UR oe. ud ons dee Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. S. A.) 31. P. A a e Den m 50-170 cm. tall: leaf-sheaths glabrous; ber; e: 3-8, 5-10 em. long.—(DALLIS-GRASS. )— —Moi uim pcm: dtum nid, "and Mns -places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., "Tenn. and N. J.— —(W. lj € ' A., S. A.) oscianum Flügge. Annual, Pep as a whole, stems ascending fro en : pibus rooting base, 50—120 em. long: le ae ip purplish, the low most rz s 3-10 mm ae ra 2—9 . long: spikelets a in e s 2-2.3 m ae obov LP. Hid Ell. ]—Moist soil, 2 us ounds, and hillsides, RE Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Pa. —(W. P. pie (Fl. SE. U. 8.)is a eens plant with solitary spikelets. 33. P. plicatulum Michx. Stem 50-100 cm. tall: leaf-sheaths gee glabrous or iind palpi be lower crowded: od e fo x d at base, rather firm 3-1 wide: racemes usually 3-10 oes 9), 2-10 em. long, u in areuate- a "spikelets drying brown, the sterile lemma wrinkled just inside the margin.—Moist soil, pinelands, E ods, a prairies, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.—(W. L., Mer., C. A., S.A.) 27. PANICUM L. Annuals or proa various in habit. Spikelets in open or eo t panicles, rarely in racemes: glumes 2, usually very unequa the first NOLAN minute, the second typieally ser the sterile lemma, tlie latter enelosing a thin. alea and. sometimes a stam e flower: fertile lemma chartaceous-indurate, n iioc the nerves perd the margins inrolled over a palea of the same texture.—Five hundred species, in the warmer parts of both bones o OT - all year S.—PANIC-GRASSES. WITCH-GRASSES. Axis of branchlets extending beyond the base of the uppermost spikelet as a point or ins = 1-6 mm. long: perenniais: fruit transversely I. DISTANTIFLOBRA. Axis eo branchlets 2 extending into a Birds (In Panicum gen um and P. paludiv m the some what flattened axis pointed but not “bristle. form.) Basal leaves simil to stem-leaves for winter rosettes “spikelets all fertile. Fruit transversely r Plant annual: leaf. anesthe rather wide, flat: spikelets more or less ee -veined. III. FASCICULATA. Plant perennial: spike elets glabro Inflorescence consisting ee “several spike-like racemes along a main a II. GEMINATA. Inflorescence an open panicle VI. MAXIMA, Fruit not transversely rugose. First glume truncate or triangular-tipped, not more than one fourth the length of the nar- POACEAE acute or acuminate, glabrous spikelet: DIS annua First glume not truncate (except in P. repens). lant annual. Spikelets glabrous, pointed: leaf-sheaths papillose-hispid ; leaves a Spikelets To leaves glabro Plant perenn SDR short-pediceled along one side of the n branches of the panicle form- ing Bde" or spike-like racemes, some- times somewhat aggregate toward the ends of branches (see also VIII. Tenera). First glume nearly equalling the sterile emma. First n much shorter than the sterile Panicle dong (15-30 cm.), very narrow, the branches erect or nearly so; fruit rather thin and soft, the palea scarcely enclosed. Ean usually open (at least not long nd narrow), the main branches a fruit indurate, the palea enclosed : plants commonly produc- ing axillary panicles. re E nd not enlarged at ma- Sterile "palea enlarged at maturity, for open the spikelet. RDIR TELS in A or sometimes in contracted ongested panicles, but the main beaches not in narrow or spike-like Panicle narrow and few-flowered: stem dur E wiry: leaf- blades drying Tad Panicle ‘open or contracted, several- to -flowered: stems stout or rigid. Basal ee usually EE different from those of Hs em, form a wint aa stems at first lar anicle no t all a. fruitful ookee: panicles open, the branchlets usually flexuous : perennials. pd EAE ong not more than 5 mm. wide, 20 ng a m. autumnal phase branch- ee yes ae jo Leaf-blades not elongate Ge if so more than 5 mm. wi 7 ied autumnal phase not branching from ase Plant branehing from the base, finally forming rosettes or cushions, the foliage soft and lax: leaf-blades prominently ciliate (except in P. laxiflorum Plant branching. ien the stem-nodes or rarely remaining sim Leaf-blades LA "i: autumnal phase bushy- branche Spikelets turgid. attenuate at base, mostly pustulose-pubescent : leaf-blades conspicu- a phase usually not bushy-branche Spikelets ae blunt, strongly nerved (not strongly turgid in P. oligosanthes) : leaf- blades Pd as "much as 1.5 cm. wide meti m. i (so Lenfsheaths glabrous or minutely Pau lent: spikelets 1.5-2.5 m long, a metrically RUSO strongly edt stems wiry et V. XXIX. XXVIII. t X. VIII. XIII. XIV. XV. XXIII. 61 DICHOTOMIFLORA. CAPILLARIA. . VERRUCOSA GYMNOCARPA. HEMITOMA. AGROSTOIDEA. . LAXA. TENERA. VIRGATA. . DEPAUPERATA. LAXIFLORA. ANGUSTIFOLIA. BICKNELLIANA TANCEABIA. 62 POACEAE Leaf-sheaths, or some of them, pape hispid : spikele ets 3-4 mm. lon PEE Eu turgid, blunt, nor " strongly d (see, however, P. roanokense and Ligule of conspicuous hairs, usually 3-5 mm. long: spikelets pubes ent. rr dies glabrous or cay the lower- ost somewhat pubescent. Leaf. sheaths strongly DUbe ced ccn panicle- -branches with vis- cid spo Spikelets usually obovate or elliptic L s of the mid-stem elongate, n 1.5 em. wide: stems usu- ally tall: Spikelets pointed, ab- E so in the velvety P. sco- par Leaf-blades of the mid-stem not elon- ie E somewhat so in P. equilat- Blades cordate, 1-3 em. wide (5-12 P. Ashei): spikelets pube ed Spikelets 2.5-3 m long: leaf- sheaths PE ‘or minutely puberulent. Spikelets 3-5 mm. long (some- times but 2.7 mm. long in a pe sheathed P. clan- Blades ee cordate (somewhat in P. annulum), less than 1 cm. wide. Sheaths crisp- or appressed-pu- bescent: blades firm : spikelets pubescent. Sheaths glabrous (sparsely pi- lose in P. curtifolium and often in P. annulum). spikelets x 5 n long, 2: less 1.6-1.7 nue). Vernal s sl En A dM but not de nem rarely less than 40 c igh: D E = 9 T lon 1.5 n P. microcarpon nr P. Puer ule ccu Lower internodes short, up- at base: spikelets n Ead ovate, 2.7-2.0 m ZW internodes not short leafy throughout: spike- lets elliptic or obovate, pum more than 2.5 mm. I. DISTANTIFLORA PED oe erect, with narrow erect or appressed XXIV. OLIGOSANTHIA. XVIII. SPRETA. XIX. LANUGINOSA. XXI. SPHAEROCARPA. XXV. SCOPARIA. XXVI. COMMUTATA. XXVII. LATIFOLIA. XX. COLUMBIANA. XXII. ENSIFOLIA. XVI. NUDICAULIA. XVII. DICHOTOMA. 1. P. Chapmani. POACEAE II. GEMINATA Nodes bearded : Jeaf-sheath villous Aodes glabrous : plants glabrous hegi ughout. : glumes and sterile lemma per Spikelets not over 2.4 mm. long: glumes and sterile lemma not papery. III. FASCICULATA Spikelets 2-4 mm. long. P SECHS reticulate-veined, 2-3 mm. long: np scarcely reticulate-veined or arn near apex. Spikelets not over 2 mm. long, glabro Spikelets n = mm. long, R Spikelets 5-6 mm. IV. DICHOTOMIFLORA Leaf-sheaths papillose-hispid. Leaf-sheaths glabrous. V. "ict Panicles drooping: spikelets 4.5-5 m ng. Panicles erect: spikelets less than "3. n m long. Pan n oe than half the length of the entire Panicles 1 narrow, usually less than half as broad Panicles as d as Eunice not more than one third the entire height o e pla p pt "Jeaf-blades about 1 em. wide: spike- ets Stem slender: leaf-blades not over 6 mm. wide: spikelets not turgid. VI. MAXI Plant large, rather coarse, with ample panicles. VII. VIRGATA Spikelets not over 2.5 mm. long, first glume less than half the length of the Ld Panicles loosely flowered : E truncate, about M glume triangu- lar, about ER ein the length of the fal ped Spikelets . 3-7 mm. long (sometimes less than 3 mm. in P. virgatum cubense) : first glume E than half the length of the spikelet. Panicles elongate, strongly contracted: seacoast . high, solitary from the nodes tu fts. Panicles diffuse or only slightly contracted : plants sometimes of salt marshes but not littoral. VIII. TENERA Plant slender, stiffly erect, with narrow strict panicles. IX. AGROSTOIDEA Rootstock present: stem but little compressed : spikelets set obliquely on their appressed pedicels. Pan icles open: spikelets 3.4-3.8 mm. long (shorter in exceptional specimens). prr pos ue or less contracted: spikelets not over ng. Rootstock van ndn ng: stem strongly compressed: sheaths keeled: spikelets not obliquely disposed. Ligules ciliate: basal leaves half as long as the stem or more: panicle rather open, much exceeding the upper jen ct. Conc QC . P. RE P . barbinode. . paludivagum. . geminatum. fasciculatum. reptans. adspersum. texanum. bartowens e. dichotomiflorum. . miliaceum. flexile capillare. Gattingeri. philadelphicum. . mazimum. . repens. Gouini. amarum amarulum. virgatum. . tenerum. anceps. rhizomatum. 63 64 POACEAE Spikelets not over 2.7 mm., usually 2.5 mm. long, the first glume Pee than half that length: ligules 2-3 mm. spikelets 3-3.5 mm. Nene first glume two-thirds Quee ToU ERIS that length: ligule less than r mm. lon ` Ligules erose or lacerate, not ciliate: basal leaves in short tufts, the upper usually nearly equalling he terminal rather dense panicle. Fruit stipitate: oe 2.5-2.8 mm. long, con- spicuously secu Fruit 2 2 Stipitate: spikelets not conspicuously Spikelets 1. s mm., in occasional specimens mc panicle-branches ascending re apreadin A about 9. 5 mm. long: panicle-branches rect or near X. LAXA Plant erect or partly decumbent, with lax panicles and small gaping spikelets. XI. kp a Plant weak, often with reclining stems, the mature panicle diffuse, with filiform branches ET Serres: spikelets. XII. DEPAUPERATA Spikelets about 3.5 mm. ee beaked. Spikelets 3 mm. long or XIII. LAXIFLORA Leaf-sheaths retrorsely pilose: spikelets papillose-pilose. Leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so on the surface and margin: spikelets 2.2 mm. long. Leaf-blades ciliate and more or ess pilose on the surface: spikelets 2 mm. long. Leaf-sheaths not retrorsely pilose: spikelets pubescent rous, Spikelets E about 2 mm. long. Spikelets glabro Leaf-blades S brous on the surface. Leaf-blades pilose on the surface. XIV. ANGUSTIFOLIA Nodes bearded : plant Pray inh vious : autumnal Jeaf- SEG, 2.5-2. ium ong. Nodes not bearded : Let villous only at base, or nearly glabrous: autumnal leaf- M involute or flat. Autumnal leaf-blades. flat: lower panicle-branches spreading or deflexed. Autumnal leaf-blades involute: lower aa branches more or less ascending. l Spikelets 3. 3-3.5 mm. long, pointed. Spikelets less n 3 mm. long, not pointed, or obseurel Plant glabrous or nearly So: autumnal stems ect. Spikelets subsecund along the suberect panicle-branches Spikelets not subsecund : panicle loose and o Plant pubescent, at least on the lower half. E about 2.4 mm., rarely only 2. S ng: vernal leaf-blades T2 e autumnal blades not falcate Spikeletsi not over 2 mm. long: vernal leaf- blades cm. ped autumnal blades much crowded, falcate. 25. P. longifolium. 26. P. Combsi. 21. P. stipitatum. 28. P. agrostoides. 29. P. condensum. 30. P. hians. 31. P. verrucosum. 32. P. depauperatum. 33. P. linearifolium. 94. P. laxiflorum. 35. P. calapense. 36.' P. ciliatum. 37. P. polycaulon. 38. P. strigosum. 39. P. chrysopsidifolium. 40. P. consanguineum 41. P. angustifolium. 42. P. fusiforme. 48. P. neuranthum. 44. P. ovinum. 45. P. arenicoloides. 46. P. aciculare. POACEAE XV. BICKNELLIANA vspikelets tufted stems and open panicles with few spi ts XVI. NUDICAULIA Plant with erect or partly decumbent stems, the panicles with spreading branches. XVII. DICHOTOMA Nodes, at least the pe bearded. Spikelets 1.5-1.6 mm. long, glabrous (occasional in- dividuals with Poss. Spikelets). Spikelets 2 mm. ore long. RE glabrous, 2 mm. long: autumnal form top-heavy-reclining. Spikelets pubescen Leaf-blades all velvety : autumnal form spar- ingly branched. Leaf-blades glabrous, or only the lower pubes- cent o ve vety: autumnal form freely branchin Spikelets 2 mm. long: autumnal form pro- füsalv DOE Spikelets 2.2 ore long: autumnal form jess p e branching. MAS P ud Sheaths and all nodes pu- ee sheaths and upper nodes glabrous. Nodes not Usi Use nodes pubescent in P. barbu- um Spikelets” pubes Stem EIE prem becoming vine-like. Stems d ‘prostrate, vine-like : branches divari- Plants HARE. Stems lax: spikelets not ng. Plants B E Stems stiff: spikelets ng. aD ao us. m soon prostrate. “Pla an bright-green ; stems lax: spikelets not ver 2.1 mm. lon Plant pon -green : ' Stems Stiff: spikelets 2.5 Stem erect, or the autumnal form topheavy, ` never prostrate. Spikelets not over 1.6 mm. long: panicles nar- row: plants ipiis bluish- -green. Spikelets 2 mm. or more long: panicles open. ee erect ans Spikelets turgid, ongly nerved : plants grayish olive- Leaf-blades spreading: spikelets not Spikelets 2.2 more long, poi inted : sheaths. here pale glan- USE spots, ` Spikelets not over 2 mm. long, not e Autumnal form erect, branched like Autumnal iori topheavy-reclin- ing: primary leaf-blades 6-10 mm. wide: second glume equal- ling fruit and sterile lemma. XVIII. SPRETA Pa anicle narrow, one-fourth to one-third as wide as long. Panicle open, two-thirds as wide as long, or more. Spikelets 1.5 mm. lon Spikelets 1.3 mm. Jones. or less. Stem and leaf-sheaths glabrous. 5 47. 48. 60. 50. 51. 02. 53. 53. 54. 57. 58. P. Bicknellii. P. nudicaule. . P. microcarpon. P. barbulatum. P. annulum. P. nitidum. P. mattamuskeetense. P. Clutei. P. Clutei. P. lucidum. P. sphagnicola. . P. lucidum. . P. sphagnicola. . P. caerulescens. P. roanokense. P. yadkinense. . P. dichotomum. . P. barbulatum. . P. spretum., . P. Lindheimeri, . P. longiligulatum. 66 POACEAE Stem and leaf-sheaths melo Spikelets 1.2-1.3 mm. lon Spikelets not over rl mm | XIX. LANUGINOSA Spikelets not over 2 mm. lon Plant grayish, velvety-pubese ent. Spikelets 1.4-1.5 m Sont. autumnal leaf-blades on inted | (gea also P. albemarlense). Spikelets 1.8-2 mm. long: autumnal leaf- blades at. Plant dark-green or olive-green when dry: spikelets 1. 9-2 mm. en n Plant light-green or yel reen when dry. Plant S t, often villous, but not velvety. Vernal atii ades glabr pe d nearly so on the upper surface, firm in Verne leaf-blades. Dubesccnt- n upper surface, metimes pi near base and margins E s mm. or more long: plants conspicuously Spikelets 2.2-2.4 m Pubescence on eus and leaf-sheaths horizontally spreading: autumnal form freely branching. Pubescence on stems and leaf-blades appressed or Mu ns E autu mnal form rather sparingly Dia Spikelets 1-2. mm. long. COLUMBIANA XX Spikelets 2-3.2 mm. long, m m elliptic. Winter leaf-blades 5- me . long: spikelets 2 mm. ng. E 3.2 mm. iene. first glume conspicuously ist t. Spikelets not over 2 2.5 mm. long: first glume not distant. Spikelets about 2.4 mm. (2.2-2.4 mm.) long: panicle open ; branches stiffly spreading. Ade 2-2.1 mm. long: pan nicle rather ding. Spikelets not es 1.9 mm. lon no one turgid. Spikelets about 1. "E mna. ion Spikelets about 1.5 mm. Tone, XXI. SPHAEROCARPA Stem spreading: B eR UCM obscurely nerved: panicle nearly as broad as long Stem ae ect or ascending : e d I strongly ved: pan ore o-thirds as Droad a Sone. usually less. Spikelets. 1 5- m. nos leaf-blades lanceolate, he dri 1-1.2 mm. once leaf-blades tapering from en apex, the upper much smaller than the XXII ENSIFOLIA Ligule about 1 m ee sheaths or some of them sparsely spre eading-pilose . Ligules obsolete or near rly So: pubescence if present not spreading. Leaf-blades prominently white- margined, firm: spike- lets densely puberulent. 67. 68. 4. P. leucothriz. 65. P. Wrightianum. . P. auburne. P. Thurowit. P. lanuginosum. . P. tennesseense. . P. albemarlense. . P. meridionale. . P. Huachucae. . P. villosissimum. 4. P. pseudopubescens. > P. ovale. . P. wilmingtonense. . P. malacon. . P. Commonsianum. . P. Addisonii., 0. P. tsugetorum. . P. columbianum. . P. sphaerocarpon. . P. polyanthes. . P. erectifolium. . P. curtifolium. POACEAE Leaf-blades puberulent oo often above: cora ths and oo lower internodes as- ending pubesce Leat. blades peus sheaths glabrous or minu- tely ciliate only pcos leaf- blades much reduced: stems branching fro ower noice only, the branches ea a branchin Uppermost leaf-blades about as ‘long as the others: stems bearing BR branches from the upper and middle o Leaf-blades not white- -margined o Vd obscurely so (or if ae margin is evi ident apilelets ony n 1 mm. long): spikelets glabrous or puber Stem branching only at base: plants soft, light green. Stem n at the nodes: plant firm or at ast not soft. Spikelets glabrous. Spikelets 1.1-1.2 mm. long: pennants rarely as much a 5 em. lon Spikelets 1.2- L 5 mm. long. Leaf-blades AT at least some of them 8-10 cm. lon Leaf- bl: ades not over 3 em. long. Spikelets puberulent. Spik ele E 1.1 mm. long: eee leaf-blades bluish-green, not glossy .9-1. m. lon lades A falcate, with ue : s hair mai gin near bas nts sti T Pe ls iry. Leat blades not involute, tip not faleate: plants bright- En winter leaf- blades conspicu- ous, glossy green XXIII. LANCEARIA Spikelets 1.5-1.6 d long Spikelets 2 mm. or ng. Leaf-blades, or Some of them, at least 8 mm. wide, lee a on e upper surface: fruit papillose- Leaf-blades not over 6 mm. wide (or if wider, pu- s rulent on the upper surface): fruit smooth nd shining. Spikelets 2.4-2. : mm. long: leaf-blades narrowed the base. Spikelets not mies 2.1 mm. lon Leaf-bl ae firm, glabrous above stem stiffly ascendin Leaf-blades ‘lax, softly puberulent on both surfaces: stem decumbent. XIV. OLIGOSANTHIA Nodes bearded: blades velvety-pubescent beneath. P S d Soft-velvety throughout: spikelets not over Plants stiff, pubescence harsh : spikelets about 4 mm. long. Nodes not bearded : leaf-blades not velvety. Sp m. Ta narrowly A subacute: plants oliva- appressed-pubes Spikelets broadly QUO turgid, blunt : plants green, pubescence, if any, n not appres sed. XXV. SCOPARIA Miren Soft-villous or velvety : Spikelets abruptly pol Pubescence when present not velvety. Spikelets elliptic: fruit about 2 5m . long. pikelets Pc that is, eee wp the middle: fruit 2 mm. “one or les 90. 91. 104. 105. pu oe . P. P. P. . P. . P. E . P. sedes tenue. . albomarginatum. trifo lium. vernale. chamaelonche. glabrifolium. ensifolium,. . concinnius. breve. flavovirens. portoricense. . Webberianum. patentifolium. lancearium. . patulum. malacophyllum. Ravenelii. . oligosanthes. . Seribnerianum. . Scoparium. P: aculeatum. 68 POACEAE B or some of them hispid, rarely gla- : autumnal phase with crowded branch- 106. P. scabriusculum. Leaf-sheaths glabrous: autumnal phase sparingly branching. 107. P. cryptanthum. XVI. COMMUTA Plant glaucous, glabrous: basal leaf-blades ncm ously ciliate: vernal stems usually solitary. 108. P. mutabile. Plant not glaucous Leaf-blades linear : first glume about half as long as f the spikele 109. P. equilaterale. Leaf-blades lanceolate. ems crisp-puberule aoe eae D rigid, symmetrical, rarely over vide: spike- lets about 2. 5 mm "long: 110. P. Ashei. Stems dion or softly puberulent : leaf-blades m or lax: spikelets 2.7-3.2 mm. long. Stems erect, or autumnal m Jeaning : leaf- blades symmetric, broadly ate. 111. P. commutatum. Stems decumbent: leaf- blades pee unsym metric and falcate, narrowed to the scarce’ y cordate base. 112. P. Joorii. XXVII. LATIFOLIA Leaf-sheaths, at least the lower and those of the branches, strongly papillose-hispid. 113. P. clandestinum. He glabrous or softly villous. Nodes glabrous: spikelets 3.4-3.7 mm. long. 114. P. latifolium. Nodes Dearie: spikelets 4-4.5 mm. long. 115. P. Boscii. XXVIII. HEMITOMA Plant vigorous, extensively rooting, with e rect narrow, . often elongate, panicles and acute spikelets. 116. P. hemitomon. IX. GYMNOCARPA Plant stout, extensively creeping, with aing pan- icles and 1o ong narrowly pointed spikelet 117. P. gymnocarpon. . Chapmani Vasey. Stem ascending o 2. P. barbinode Tri Stem erect from a long decumbent ios stoloniferous base, 200—600 em. long: leaf-sheaths villous, or d glabrous toward t ummit, densely pubes- t on the collar: on 15 de, glabrous: panicle 12-20 m. long, the rather distant subracemose densely iud branches — ^ or spreading: spike- lets 3 mm. long. [P. molle (Fl. SE. U. S.]—Ham mocks, ns and waste- Ses Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. P» , 0. W.) 3. P. paludivagum H. & C. Stem elongate, as is as 200 em. long, the base ereeping, rooting at the m panicle 25-35 em. long; racemes 12-10, pn the lower distant, 3 em. long.—In fresh water, Coastal Plain, Fla. and "Tex. (Mez. S. A.) i 4. P. geminatum Forsk. Stem 25-80 em. tall, a a from a somewhat decumbent base: ie oe 12-30 em. long, the ra s 12-18, erect, the a 2.5-3 em. long. [P. paloides (Fl. SE. U. S. ST QW ATER- -GRASS.)— —Mois JA, i E prairies ne al Plain, 5 Fla. and Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. ri POACEAE 69 5. P. fasciculatum Swartz. Stem ereet or spreading from a decumbent base, 30-100 cm. tall: leaf-sheaths E or papillose-hispid: blades 6—20 mm o cm. long, the de, glabrous: panicle 5—1 d branches race p along the main axis, solitary or clustered, 5-10 cm. long, spreading, S aides short- pedieelled (panieles smalle more compact, the bran ne appressed: leaf- ades ent: spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long, in P Pug us reticulatu x. to s ; introd. into —(Menz., C. A., S. A.)) : spikelets mostly brownish, usua mm. long, glabrous. Loe Swartz ]— Hammocks, fields, and gom -places, S Fla. and S Tex.—(W. I., Mex., C. A S. A.) 6. P. reptans L. Stem prostrate or decumbent at base, rooting at the lower nodes, the ascending m 10-30 cm. tall: leaves glabrous, the blades ciliate at base: panicle 2-6.cm. long, the 3-12 spike-like branches ascending or spread- ing: first glume truncate , about = -sixth the length of the spikelet. i pros iratum o a —Fields and mois open ground, Coastal Plain, Fla. to —(W. I., Mes., C. A., S. 4.) P. adspersum. Trin. Stem i end or spreading from a deeumbent base, 30-100 em. tall: leaf-blades 6-20 cm. wide: panicle 6-15 cm. long, the few ascending spike-like racemes 3-10 ec lu SER. ts pale, 3.5b-4 mm. os abruptly acuminate, more or less hispid. —Moist open ground, Fla.— (W. I.)— A ie form is P. keyense Mez exanum Buckl Stem stout, 50-150 em. tall, branching at bas d pubescent: panicle 8-20 em. long, 1-3 em. wide, the axis densely pubescent: a ped fusiform, pointed, pilose. Prairies and open ground, Coastal Plain, Tex. and Okla., introd. in Ariz., and eastward to Fla. and N. C.—(Mez.) 9. P. rx Seribn. & edd Stem erect, as much as 200 em. tall: leaf- blades 1 . long, 5-13 mm. wide: glabrous or nearly so: panicle large, loosely spreading 15-60 cm. T spikelets short-pediceled, appressed, about 2.5 mm. long.—(WITCH-GRASS.)—-Low grounds, marshes, and prairies, Fla. — (W. I.) 10. P. dichotomiflorum P Stem much-branched, aes from a genic late base, usually 50-100 em. tall, som qs as much a he plant DID aded s throughout: leaf- bl ades 3-20 nim. wide: panicles ids nd mpi 0—40 cm. long: spikelets short- edieeled pies the main. branches, usu adm ong. [P. proliferum (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]—Low unds, fi elds, roadsides, and waste- icd various aes Fla. to Tex., Calif, Nebr., and M (W. I.) 11. P. miliaceum L. Stem as much as 100 em. tall, rather stout: leaf-blades mostly pilose, as much as 30 em. long and 2 em. wide: panicle 10-30 em. long, usually rather compact, the numerous branches narrowly ascending, spikelet- bearing toward the summit.—Roadsides, waste-places, and cult. grounds, occa- sional throughout the U. S., rare S—Cul t. as Proso. HoG-MILLET. BROOM-CORN LET. Nat. of Eu.— —(Mez x.) 12. P. flexile (Gatt.) Scribn. Stem erect, 20-70 cm. tall, ocius branching S base: leaf- pud E ees to sparsely hispi id, 2-6 mm. wide: p 3-3. ong, —Sandy damp soil, various Einem Fla. S. D., and Ont. 13. P. capillare L. Stem erect or ascending, simple or sparingly Ua pr 20-80 em. tall: leaf-blades 5-15 mm. wide, hispid: panicle large, diffuse, maturity breaking away as a tumble-weed: okle 2—2.0 mm. long.— (Wire p 70 POACEAE GRASS.)—Woods, fields, marshes, prairies, and waste-places, various aae Fla. to Tex., Mont. and Me—Panicum Bergii Arech., differin Tu capillare in being perennial, in having involute leaf -blades s, the i of the panicle strongly pilose, and the lower branches in verticils, has been found on ballast at Mobile, Ala., and Galveston, Tex 14. P. Gattingeri Nash. Stem soon decumbent- Ta ee at the lower nodes, as much as 100 cm. long: leaf-blades 6-10 m ore or less hispid: Bc numerous, terminal and axillary, the ear '10— 18 em. long, the latter maller.—Open ground, dry hills, woods, cult. A ine and waste- -places, various puri N. C. and Tenn. to Minn and N. Y 15. P. philadelphicum Bernh. Stem mostly erect, 15—20 cm. tall, usually zigzag at the slender base: leaf-blades 2-6 mm. wide, sparingly hirsute: paniele ovoid, few-flowered, the spikelets usually in twos at the ends of the p mu open ground, hillsides, barrens, and roadsides, various provinces, Ga. to Okla Wis., and Me. 16. P. um Jacq. Stem erect, 100—250 em. tall, ee a E root- stock: leat sheaths papillose- o to P ligules . long: blades elongate, 1-3.5 ecm. wide: panicle 20—50 cm. lo ong, about me third & s wide, the - aches ascending the ie in whorls erin in the axils: spikelets about 3 long.— (GUINEA-GRASS. ae rounds, o a: and ditches, Coastal Plain, Fla. Nat. of Afr.— » C. A., S. A., O. W.) 17. P.repens L. Stem rigid, 30-80 cm. tall, from an émises creeping root- stock: leaf-blades 2-5 mm. wide: panicle 7-12 em. long, the branches ascending: spikelets pale, about 2.5 mm. long.—Sea be eaches, sand-dunes, and sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Ala. to La. Nat. of O. W.—(W. I., C. A., S. pus 18. P. Gouini uale Resembling P. repens, usually lower: panicle smaller, narrower, more densely flowered, commonly purple: oed 2—2.4 mm. long. [P. halophilum Nash]—Sea beaches, Ala. and Miss.— —(Mez.) 19.. P. amarum Ell. Plant glaucous and glabrous be ind stem solitary from a stout p creeping rootstock, 30—100 cm. tall: panicle ay over a ier wide, few-flowered, the bra cae appressed : sie ets 5-6.5 mm. long, eine ae ma ed. [P. amaroides Seribn. & Merz] — Beaches and a Coastal Plain and New England Coat, Ga. to Miss. and Co 20. P. amarulum H. & C. Resembling P. amarum, but grows in large bunches, 100 p be tall: E 5—10 cm. wide, no dding: spikelets 4.5—5.5 mm. long. [P. amarum (Fl. SE. U. S. )] (Bean -GRASS.)—Beaches and dunes, Coastal Plain, Flo. to La. and Va.— I.) 21. P. virgatum L. Plant erect, with stout scaly pee glabrous through- out, or upper surface of léaf-blades pilose, utu. tal (more slender, the panicle narrower: spikelets 2.8—3.2 mm. long, firs ra about half the length of the cR acute o nly, in n P. virgatum cubense. | [P. virgatum breviramosum Na i e ndy d Ld Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Conn. (JV. I.)): paniel ru 50 em. long, open or diffuse: spikelets 3.5-5 mm. long, acuminate.— Pr ace ia marshes, hammocks, and salt marshes, various provinces, Fla. to Ariz., Wyo., an nd Me.—(Me ex., C. A., S. A.) 22. P. tenerum Beyr. Plant slender in pied tufts from a knotted crown, 40-90 cm. p leaf-blades ae firm dq wide: panicle 3-8 em. long, about 5 wide: spikelets a out 2.5 EE “PD. stenodes (Fl. SE. U. 8.) ] —Wet DUE ponds, and pod poeni Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.— (W. I.) POACEAE ! 71 23. P. anceps Michx. Stem erect, rather stout, 50-100 em. tall: leaf-sheaths edi to ya pilose: blades '20 —50 cm x ng, 4—12 mm. wide, pilose above ard the base anicle 15—40 em. lon remote wr c ee spikelets somewhat curved, set o on the pedice [P.r iratum Muhl.]—Moist org soil, stream-banks, meadows, and ineladds ions provinees, Fla. to Tex, Kans., and N. J. 24. P. rhizomatum H. & C. _Resenbling P. anceps, the stem more slender rootstocks more numerous: leaves shorter, somewhat ended at the base, the sheaths villous.—Moist sandy moods: pinelands and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va. 25. P. longifolium Torr. Plant in dense tufts, 35-80 cm. tall, usually sur- rounded by basal leaves: leaf-sheaths usually Erw sometimes villo ous to- ward the summit: blades 2-5 mm. wide: panicle 10-25 em. long: spikelets about 2.5 mm. long: first glume not over half the e length of the spikelet. [P. pseudanceps Nash |—Moist acid sandy soil and low pinelands, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Tex. and R. I. 26. P. Combsii Seribn. & Ball. Resembling P. longifolium, but usually glab- rous, the leaf- A shorter: lateral panicles seldom developed: spikelets 3-3.5 mm. long, the first glume two-thirds to three fourths as long as the spikelet.— Wet woods, low pinelands, and cypress- pond. Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga. 27. P. stipitatum Nash. Resembling P. agrostoides, often purple- phis pd pda the stem strongly eompressed: panieles usually several to a stem, 0— lon 10-20 e DE, T rather narro y med soil, and stream-banks, various pro- vinces, 8. ©. o Tex., Mo., and Con 28. P. Pd apis MANN Plant 50—100 em. tall, with a dense clump Pa from a short eaudex, with numerous ape of short leaves at the base: stems com s sed: pane 2. em. long, the stiff branches ascending or aes spikelets about lon ng.—We : perit. ponds, swamps and marshes, various provinees, EN to Tex., Kans., dnd Me. 29. P. ary soe ae apie e agrostoides, auy rather taller: n E. —25 'em. long, r wide, rather compact: spikelets 2.2- 2.5 mm. long, turgid, the tips ml spreading. — Wet places, marshes, one and e Coastal Plain and nore adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Pa. —(W. I.) 30. P. hians Ell. Stem slender, erect or geniculate and rooting at the lower nodes, 20-60 cm. long: le af-blades 1-5 mm. wide: panicle 5-20 em. long, ds: A ee strongly nerved, glabrous. TOC ER s Nash]—Damp soil, low oods, stream-banks, pools, and ditches, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to N. M. and N. C. 81. P. verrucosum Muhl. Plant bright-green, lax, soon decumbent, widely mc and divaricate- branched, as much as 150 cm. long: leaf-blades thin, iel ard —Wet shady places, acid swamps, ae es, and Moos Cae Plain ad. N P. v England Coast, Fla. to Tex. and Mass., and Great Lake Lowlands, N Ind. 32. P. depauperatum Muhl. Stem 20-40 em. d erect oe rather stiff: leaf- sheaths pi Or p blades La AP A . lon mm. wide, often involute in drying: panicle 4-8 long, the re ae remote branches ascending: spikelets HR or Pa Dee Autumnal phase similar, 72 POACEAE but with dits secondary panieles more or less concealed among the basal leaves.—Open sterile woods, fields, and rocky slopes, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Minn., d Me. 33. P. linearifolium Scribn. Stem 20-45 = tall, not stiff : res M cns nicle 5— papillose-pilose: blades a i em. long, 2 wide: pani 10 e Autumnal phase with small panicles xem the bl leaves —Dry ood hill. sides, fields and thickets, po provinces, Ga. to Tex., Minn. and Me. 34. P. laxiflorum Lam. ae slender, 20-60 em. tall, erect, or geniculate at base: leaf-blades me em. long, 7-12 mm. wide. panicle 8-12 em. long, lax, add E ed, the branches us spreading, the lower often bp iid Au- 1 phase aca branched at base , forming a soft spreading mat, with EM secondary panicles intermixed. [P. pyriforme Nash] Rich puc Coastal Plain, Fla., Ga., and Ala. 35. P. xalapense H. B. K. Resembling P. laziflorum; differing in the pilose and ciliate leaf-blades and somewhat smaller (2 mm.) pp 2 ovoid more compact panicles and somewhat smaller Pe NA about 1 . long, in P. xalapense strictirameum. . to La.) [P. lami m ( Fl. U. S. Open woods, pinelands, hammocks, and rocky fields, see iat eed T Tex., Mo., and Md. (T. I., Mex.) 36. P. ciliatum Ell. Stem 5-30 em. tall, ereet or UA wis leaf-blades ud em. long, 83-8 mm. wide, conspicuously ciliate: panicle em. long, the axi pilose. ‘Autumnal phase a soft flat mat. Low inclands, Gpaştal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C. 37. P. polycaulon Nash. Resembling P. ciliatum: dis piii the axis sparsely pilose: spikelets a about 1.5 mm. long, rarely as m . long. Low pinelands, and prairies, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. c. I. 5 38. P. strigosum Mu hl. Resembling P. ciliatum: panicle-axis and branches D spikelets 1.3-1.5 mm. long. Sandy woods and pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., Tenn., and Va. (W. I., Mex.) 39. P. chrysopsidifolium Nash. Stems ascending or spreading, 30—45 tall: leaf-blades 5-10 em. long, 3-5 mm. wide, conspicuously pointed, villous on both surfaces: panicles 4—6 cm. long, the flexuous br ines ascending o spreading: oe elets villous. Autumnal phase forming mats, the blades 13 em. long, 1.5 mm. D papery.—Sandy pinelands and ad Coastal. Plain, Fla. to La.—(W. I.) 40. P. consanguineum Kunth. Stem ascending or is 20-55 « em. tall, densely pode below: leaf-blades erect, 7-11 cm. long, 5- wide: panicles 4-8 em. long, the lower branches factnm ascending. phase sp eading or hp wai t, the numerous branches somewhat flabellately fascicled, the blade em. long, 2-3 mm. wide.—Sandy pace lands an meadows, Coastal Plain, “Tia, to Tex. and Va. 41. P. angustifolium Ell. Stem erect, 30-55 cm. tall, ed lowermost inter- nodes gray crisp-villous, the upper r glabrous: panicle 4-12 cm. lo ong: spikelets 2.5-2.8 mm. long, papillose-villous. Autumnal phase stiffly uenis or some- what toph -reclining, not mat-like: blado y very numerous.—Sandy! woods and pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Pa. 49. P. fusiforme A. Hitche. Vernal phase similar to that of P. angusti- folium: stem 30-70 cm. tall: lower leaf-blades softly pubescent beneath: POACEAE | 73 panicle long-exserted. Faroe phase ereet or reclining, for rming dense bushy clusters 30—60 cm. tall.—Sandy pinelands and peru Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.— “Ww . I.) E P. caer Griseb. Stem stiff, 30-60 cm.: leaf-blades erect or ascend- ing, 3-5 mm. wide: panicles 5-9 em . lon ng: spikelets 2 mm. long, finely papil- lose- Redon Autumnal phase slender ——Prairies, open woods and pin lands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.—(W. I.) 44. P. ovinum Seribn. & Smith. rap erect, bm em. por leaf-blades erect or Raed lens the lowermost as much as 1 em. wide: panicle 5-9 cm. long, three-fourths as wide: spikelets slightly over ? mm. Io ong, minutely E P Autumnal leaf-blades not much reduced.—Dry or moist grounds, oods and nude Coastal Plain, Miss. to Tex. and Ark —(Me x.) 2 ae rip Ashe. s mostly erect, 30—50 cm. tall: leaf-blades : panicle 4—6 cm. long: spikelets papillose pubescent Autumnal d pep een eret or topheavy.—San 2| pinelands, sand-dunes, and woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—(W. I., C. A.) 46. P. aciculare Desv. Stem ascending, 20—50 em. tall: ip blades stiff, viia e or oe nding, narrowed to an involute point, 2-5 mm. wide: panicle open m. long, the flexuous Dan spreading. Autu nal phase TR ee 10-30 em. long, spreading and forming dense. SUE the blades 1-3 em. "lon ng. [P. arenicola Ashe]—Sandy woods and pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and N. J.—(W. I.) 47. P. Bicknellii Nash. Stem erect, 30-50 cm. tall, glabrous, or puberulent toward base: nodes sparsely bearded or glabrous: c i aths glabrous or nearly so: blades stiff ascending, 8-15 cm. long, 3-8 . wide, the upper- most usually longest: n ovoid, 5-8 em. long, the ge anches pnt spikelets 2.3-2.8 mm. pua sparsely aoe rarely Sean us. Autumn phase erect, branching from middle nodes, ing a e bushy crown a stiffly ascending blades. [P. ne DATUM. hes —Dry ph or acid woods and hillsides, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Mo. and Conn 48. P. nudicaule Vasey. Stem erect from a spreading base, 40—60 em. tall, glabrous: panicle long-exserted, 4—7 em. long.—Swamps, Coastal Plain, W Fla. and S Ala. | 49. P. microcarpon Muhl. Stem erect, or geniculate at base, usually 60—100 em. tall: id pur» pu E the low ermost pubescent: ae des iis ge wide: panicle 8—12 long, the branches ascending. Autumnal ined | peatedly EI pon all the ae reclinin mg i Us the eem of the denen mass: leaf-blades and panicles reduc ed. [P. barbulatum (Fl SE. U. S.)]— Wet woods, marshy places, swamps, hillsides, ind thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Mass. 50. P. annulum Ashe. Stem usually purplish, sin em. tall: leaf- E i eer or the upper nearly glabrous: blades 7-13 m wide: panicle 6-8 e long: spikelets mm. lon Autumnal phase pes bearing few er rect branches at the upper nodes —Dry woods, Piedmont and rarely ius margin of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss. an nd N. J. . P. nitidum Lam. Stem erect, 30-60 cm. tall, sometimes taller: leaf- agen poseen or the lower pubescent, unis or glandular: blades 5—10 wide, glabrous: panicle 5-8 cm. long, the and the ascending branches viscid. -spotted. Autumnal. phase aa or ae ere from the egt of the 74 POACEAE foliage, the pags n ur ae clusters ru the nodes: s pues numerous, 1-3 ide, soon involute. ground, diet ey prairies, a pb Coastal Plain, Fla. m Tex. ond Va—(W. I.) P. raul cda di ie pu uds — usually purplish, 40-100 em. tall: i blades 8—12 e ong, 8—12 wide e, glabrous or pA: B rni 8—10 cm. long, the flexuous ‘ranches spreading: spikelets about 2.5 . long. A und phase erect or dec t, branching rather igre on the mid- dle nodes.—Low moist RU posten Plain, N. C. 2 Xs 53. P. Clutei Aus ie gie PF. mattamuskeetense, but more nearly gla- brous, only the lowermost nodes, leaf-sheaths and blades velvety: spikelets slightly smaller.—Moist acid soils, "Coastal Plain and New England Coast, N. C. o Mas 54. P. lucidum Ashe. Plant glabrous, at first erect and resembling those of . dichotomum, the weak stem soon deeumbent: spikelets 2 mm. long, glabrous or rarely pubescent. Autumnal phase repeatedly branching, forming large vine-like ste clumps or i divergent, not fascicled.—Wet woods, no and sphagnum bogs, S Plain and New m. x Coast, Fla. to Tex. and Mass., and Great Lake Low land, N Ind.—(W. I.) 55. P. sphagnicola Nash. Plant glabrous: stem slender, erect or reclining, 50—100 hun tall: spikelets 2.5 mm. long, glabrous or puber erulent toward the apex umnal phase decumbent or finally prostrate- spreading, igen) [eMe pies all the nodes.—Edges of E i swamps and in sphagnu bogs, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga. .56. P. geni dum Haek. Plant glabrous: stem slender, 50—75 cm. tall: wt blades 5-8 em. long, 4-7 mm. wide, usually purplish-beneath: panicle 3-7 e long: Bs turgid, strongly nerved.—Marshes, prairies, and swampy ODDS Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. J.—(W. I.) 57. P. roanokense Ashe. Resembles P. caerulescens: stem 50-100 em. tall: panicle more spreading: spikelets turgid, strongly nerved, purple- hen at base. [P. curtwaginum Ashe]—Open s swampy woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—(W. I.) 58. P. yadkinense Ashe. Plant glabrous, in a small tuft: stems erect and as muchas 100 em. tall: leaf-blades 8-11 mm. wide: panicle 10-12 em. long: spikelets about 25 mm. long, the second glume and sterile lemma pointe : i ond the fruit. Autumnal phase phe or leaning, loosely branched from middle nodes.—Moist woods and swamps, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. b iig Ga. to La., Ill., and Pa.—(Mez.) 59. P. dichotomum L. Plant glabrous: deem erect from E knotted crown, a em. tall: leaf- oars d 5—11 . long, 4— wide: panicle 4—9 em. long: spikelets ong, glabrous, rarely pubescent Dry sterile Wood. various prance Ta e Tex., Mich., N. B. 60. P. barbulatum Michx. Resembling P. dichotomum: differs in having pubescent lower nodes and in the diffusely branched autumnal phase, forming large reclining bunches, the pene branehes recurved, the numerous flat leaf- blades horizontally spreading. sd woods, pinelands, and fields, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Mich., and Mas POACEAE 79 61. P. dva ipie Plant glabrous: stem erect, 30-90 em. tall: panicle 8—12 em. long, the branches n ng or AK dn Spikelets about 1.5 mm. long, m E or rarely glabrous. Autumnal phase reclining, the branches in sh uced. [P. oct . G. Sm . p. Fl. SE. U. pinelands, Coastal Pla ain and New “England Coast, Fia. : to Tex. and Me. Great Lake pcd N Ind. 62. P. Lindheimeri Nash. Stem stiffly ascending or spreading 30-100 cm. tall: nodes eee leaf-sheaths glabrous or the lower pubescent: blades 5—10 em. long, 6-8 wide, usuallf glabrous. Autumnal dog prs stiffly spreading or eR d acude the internodes elon um ate, with tufts of short appressed branches he nodes, the blades reduced, involute- -pointed, often eonspicuously x E base. —Dry woods, open grounds, and prairies, various provinces, Fla. to N. M., Calif., Minn., and Me. 63. P. longiligulatum Nash. Stem relatively stout, s 0 em. Nec nodes iiie leaf-blades rather firm and thick, 4—8 cm. lon ng, 4-8 mm. wide, gla- brous above, m uberulent beneath: paniele 3-8 em. long: mde. 1. - 1.2 m long, Quse t. Autumnal Sid reclining, the branchlets crowded on spr oe ing B une. the bl dos reduced and subinvolute.—Low m Hed swamps, and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. €. 64. P. Mis oar Nash. Stem erect or ascending, 25-45 cm. tall, appressed Ds -pilose: leaf-blades rather firm, 3—7 em. long, 3-7 mm. wide, glabrous above, puberule m beneath: panicle 3~8 em. long. Autumnal phase with ap- pressed pag branches the bia des not much reduced. [P. parvispiculum sh |—Low pinelands and cypress n often in acid E Coastal Plain, al to Ls and N. J.—(W. I.) 65. P. Wrightianum s Stem weak and slender, ascending from a de- cumbent base, 15—40 c m. tall, minutely pubescent: leaf-blades 2—4 cm. long, t spreadin branched.— t soil, swamps, ponds, and | cypress Tedd, Coastal Plain and New England ¢ Coast, Fla. to Tex. and Mass —(W. IJ). 66. P. auburne Ashe. Stem 20-50 cm. tall, geniculate, widely spreading, densely ey silky-villous below, Woo M D. copious d hairs inter- mixed diit leaf-sheaths villous: blades ong, 3-5 mm. wide: panicle s oc ong. Autumnal phase diffusely d prostrate pert form- ing ae mats, the branches curved upward at the ends — Sandy woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., Ark., and N. Y. —Plants tufted. 67. P. Thurowii Seribn. & Smith. Stem erect, 35-70 em. tall, the nodes bearded: MUR blades dp d Uc . long, 6-10 mm. wide, velvety be- e) 2 o e 7—11 em. long. aa phase erect, bearing at the middle few aad Bas DA .—Prairies and dry one woods, Coastal” Plain, Ala. to Tex 68. P. lanuginosum Ell. Stem 40-70 em. tall, lige the nodes aaa usually with a girs ring balov: pus 6— 12 e . long, the axis pubescent, the lower branches often drooping. Autumnal a UE eading or pos spreading cumbent, freely bu hing. [P. ciliosum "Nash h]—Moist sandy woods, thickets and pinelands, mostly near the eoast, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. J. 69. P. tennesseense Ashe. Plant somewhat bluish-green: stem erect or stiffly spreading, 25-60 cm. tall: leaf-sheaths spreading-pubescent: blades with a 76 POACEAE thin white cartilaginous margin, darc Jes or erect, 5-8 mm. long, oe 2d m ee appre ressed- Pp paniele 4—7 e E Spike elets about nal phase widely spreading, w merous fascicled z often fo m ‘prostrate mats.—Open moist ground, ds and barrens, um provinces, Ga. t , Minn., and Me.— e£.) 70. P. albemarlense Ashe. Plant PA stem 25-45 em. tall: bd blades Paste: as well as lon a8- d: n the upper surface: panicle 3-5 long, axis puberulent: spikele s 14 mm. long. Autumnal phase freely ee as sandy woods a dunes, Coastal Plain and New En ngland Coast N. C. to Minn. and Mass. and Great Lake Lowland, N Ind 71. P. meridionale Ashe. Stem very slender, 15—40 c o E» 1.5-4 em. long, the axis appressed-pubescent: spikelets about: 13 long. Au- tumnal phase erect or nearly so, not bushy. [P. L d Ashe] Sandy soil, sterile woods, and bogs, various provinces, Ga. to Wis. and R. I 72. P. Huachucae dud Stem stiffly upright, light- pria dee papil- lose- ld 20—60 em. tall, the nodes bearded: (ta and more slender, brighter-green an js den pubescent: leaf-blades ved "thin, spre adas i the upper surface sparsely short-pilose, or with copious long hairs near the base, the lower surface pubescent and with a satiny luster in P. Huachucae silvicola. P. lanuginosum (F1. SE. U. 8.)]— Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and Me.) : leaf-sheaths sce lades ng, iously short-pilose, the pd m pubeseent: panicle 4—6 cm. long, the Pr piloso: spikelets about . long. Autumnal phase stiffly erect or ascending, t branches fasci cled. IP. u n "CHE SE. U. S. ree and Bs ounds, various provinces, N. C. to Calif., S. D., and 73. pd Mr ep Nash. Stem 25—45 cm. tall, ue or ascending: panicle 4-8 c Ty ng dires rather stiffly ase endin ing or spreading: T abou a ng. tumnal phase finally ei A forming a the leaf- nis pe much ed [P. atlanticum Nash P. xanthospermum ; Scriba. & Mohr]—Dry sandy or ci soil woods, and Sind ds various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Mass.—(C. 4.) 74. P. pseudopubescens Nash. Resembling P. villosissimum: leaf-blades gla- brous on upper surface along center or all over: spikelets about 2.3 mm. long. Autumnal phase stiffly spreading.—Sandy woods and pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ill., and Conn.—(Mez.) 75. P. ovale Ell. Stem 20-50 cm. tall, relatively stout, the lower portion and the leaf-sheaths din pilos e with ascending or appressed hairs: blades nearly glabrous on upper surfa ee panicle 5-9 em. long. Autumnal phase spreading- inter blades v bent, the sum conspicuously ciliate. . ciluferum Nash|—Dry sandy woods and a, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—Plant donec tufted. 76. P. wilmingtonense Ashe. Stem 20-40 cm. tall, pilose with soft ascending hairs, = nodes pilose: leaf-sheaths villous like the stems: blades rather stiff, ascen ing, cm. long, glabrous on the upper surface, softly pubescent to nearly glabrous beneath: panicle 5-8 cm. long. Autumnal phase spreading, the branches crowded, the reduced blades involute- noc —-Sandy woods, Coastal Plain, Ala. to N. C. 77. P. malacon Nash. Stem erect or stiffly spreading, 30—50 cm. tall, pubes- cent with Pigeon. hairs like the leaf-sheaths: blades stiffly ascending, 4—12 em. long, m. wide, sharply acuminate, puberulent or glabrous above, POACEAE 77 often villous on the vag ae panicle 4—7 em. long, the few branches ied ascen sine the spikelets on long stiff pedicels. Autumnal phase decumben spreading, the branches hes ressed. [P. strictifolium Nash]—Dry pi ends and peru ead Fila. 78. P. Commonsianum Ashe. Plant olivaceous: stem 20—50 c tall, stiffly ascending or spreading, appressed-strigose or als ui qud leaf. bla des firm, stiffly ascending, glabrous above, strigose or glabrous Miu M nar: 4-8 long. Autumnal phase spreading or on strate, forming pM a na woods and pinelands, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Con 79. P. Addisonii Nash. Resembling P. Commonsianum: usually less than 40 cm. e leaf-sheaths sparsely agra P eos E above, pubes- r glabrous beneath: panicle 2-6 c ong. nal phase spreading, freely branching, the branches HM. mi d barrons, often acid, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, S. C. to Ind. and Mas P. tsugetorum Nash. Plants rather pale bluish- -green: stem 30-50 em high) ascending, sometimes genicul ~ T base, densely prece pubescent: 1 F a wide ligules 1-1.5 mm. long: leaf-blades em. long, , glabrous above, appressed-puberulent beneath: dos about ion ng. anal phase decumbent-spreading, eee: the b. ea —Acid sandy woods, various provinces, Va. to Tenn., Ill., and Me. 80a. P. columbianum Scribn. Differs from P. tsugetorum in being smaller, more slender, with the stiffer culms densely crisp- puberule nt, and smaller spike- lets (about 1.5 mm. long).—Sandy woods, various provinces, N. C. to Me. 81. P. sphaerocarpon Ell. Nu po B Ve 20-55 cm. tall, Scand spreading (ascending: ligul 3-1 m ong in P. POE un on i inflat . to N. C.) : leaf-sheaths poros ciliate: ligules obsolete: blades thick a nud firm, e above smooth beneath: panicle a -exserted, 5-10 em. long: spike- lets 1.6-1.8 mm. long, puberulent. Autu l phase prostrate- spreading, the branches nese simple. —Sandy soil, acid woods. thickets, and prairies, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Vt.—(Menz., 'C. A., S. A.) 82. P. polyanthes Schult. Plant glabrous or beta Se so: stem erect, 30—90 em. tall: leaf-blades 12-23 em. long, 15-25 mm. wide: panicle 8-25 em. long. Autumnal phase erect, spar sely branched. "Da amp ground, woods, thickets, stream- pes and prairies, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Okla., and N. J. 83. P. d Nash. Stem erect, 30-70 em. tall: panicle 6—12 em. lo ong. Áu phase erect, little. branched — Moist pinelands, mu ON Gua SR Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—(W. I.) 84. P. curtifolium Nash. Stem weak, slender, 10-30 em. tall, ne the nodes sparsely bearded: leaf-blades spreading or reflexed, 1.5- jd pay ng, 2-5 mm. wide, thin and soft: panicle 2-3 cm. long: spikelets 1.4 ong, gla- brous or minutely pubescent. Autumnal phase vues Pm is ultimate branches in small fascicles. [P. Earlei es oggy soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala., Tenn., and S. e Muhl. Stem 20—55 em. tall, glabrous or the lower part sparsely oe mod leaf-sheaths sparsely appressed-pilose or the upper gla- brous: panicle 3-5 em. long: spikelets 1.6 mm. long, puberulent. Autumnal phase erect or leaning, branching from the middle nodes.—Moist sandy woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C. P. albomarginatum Nash. Stem 15—40 em. tall: leaf-blades thick and firm with a thick cartilaginous margin: panicle 3-6 cm. lon ng: spikelets about 1. 5 78 POACEAE mm. long, ae Autumnal phase spreading, repeatedly branching from the base.— sandy soil, pinelands, and prairies, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and ve. DI. C. A.) 87. P. trifolium Nash. Resembling P. albomarginatum: stem more slender, leaves i conspicuously crowded at the base, blades less thick and firm. Au- tumnal phase sparingly branching from the middle and upper nodes —Low Node pinelands, and prairies, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., Tenn., and . J. P. vernale H. & C. Stem 15-30 em. tall, very win a leaves clustered at the base, the blades bae, soft, 2-7 cm. lon wide: panicles 1.5-3 em. long: spikelets s 1.5 m . lon ng, eb c ion Dine forming soft mc -——Moist places, Coastal 1 Plain, Fla. to Miss 89. P. chamaelonche Trin. Stem 10-20 em. tall, glabrous. Autumnal phase freely branching from the base and lower nodes. [P. Baldwinii Nutt. x ds sandy soil, pinelands, old fields, and hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla . I.) 90. P. glabrifolium Nash. Resembling P. chamaelonche: stem as much as 50 em. tall. Autumnal phase ud branching from the middle and upper nodes. —Low sandy Nude pen. 91. P. ensifolium Baldw. Stem 20—40 en tall, slender, glabrous: panicle 1.5—4 em. long: spikele ets glabrous or puberule Áu tumnal phase spreading or re- E im ingly branching. [P. esce Ashe P. glabrissimum Ashe]— Wet pla es, woods, and pinelands, often in acid soil, Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss. . dJ. 92. P. ee H. & C. Stem very slender, 12-50 cm. tall, glabrou puberulent at the nodes: panicle 3-6 cm. lon Autumnal phase radiate. spreadi a ae branched. [P. gracilicaule Nash |—Moist, sandy soil, Piedmont and Appalachian Valley, Ga. and Ala. P. brev 2 d Ri C. pes erect, Boiss tall: panicle 1.5—4 cm. long: spikelsts oe mm. long. Autumnal eas spreading, freely branching from the upper and middle nodes.—Low sandy or roeky pinelands, pen. Fla. 94, P. flavovirens Nash. Stem slender, ascending or oe n em. tall, the lower vds greens crowded: blades 2—5 em. long, . wide: spikelets a about 1.4 . long. Autumnal phase spreading, E mos the lower and middle buc —Moist shady soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C. Rut Š P peas Desv. Stem 15-30 em. tall: leaf-blades — em. long, wide, firm, glabrous to puberulent: paniele 2—4 em. long: spikelets BES n Autumnal phase ascending from a decumbent n repeatedly branehing.— Sandy pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.— — (W. I.) 96. ae brio e Stem 20—50 cm. ee. rather I oo 3-9 cm. long, 4-12 wide: panicle 4-10 em. long: spikele i ; long, r or Dub e: Autumnal phase bur Me: r dec iia flabel- ce branehed.—Low pinelands, prd m and fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. o N. C. 97. P. ee ewe Stem 25-55 em. tall: leaf-blades stiffly spre c E 2.5-8 cm. long: pani a em. long: spikelets puberulent or nearly glabrous Autumnal phase eae spreading, branched from the middle eer upper nodes.—Dry sand, erc unde and hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. Miss. and Ga. POACEAE 79 98. P. lancearium Trin. Stem 20-50 em. tall: leaf-blades 2-6 em. long, 3-7 E. wide, puberulent or nearly glabrous cun strongly ciliate towards base: panicle 3-6 em. long: spikelets puberulent or glabrous. Autumn mis geniculate bien branching from the mi dle nodes. [P. Nashianum Seribn.|—Low sandy woods, prairies, and | i x aa Coastal Plain and rarely Blue Ridge, Fla. to Miss. and Va. —(W , C. A.) 99. P. patulum (Seribn. & Merr.) A. Hitche. Resembling P. lancearium, but more lax. Autumnal phase more freely branching, often forming Are mats. zov moist oer pinelands and ‘hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. La. and Va. 100. P. malacophyllum nico n slender, 25-7 0 em. long, genieulate, SPIE or T ligules 1-1.5 mm. long: leaf-blades 6-12 mm. wide: ine e 3— M. . long: spikelets Lg rds -pilose. Autumnal phase ‘spreading, | em ires hing from u and middle nodes sd woods, various provinees N of Coastal Plain Tex. i Okla. and Ten 101. P. Ravenelii Scribn. & Merr. Stem erect, 30-70 em. tall: es 3—4 mm. long: leaf-blades 1-2 em. wide, glabrous on upper surface: panicle 7-12 em. long: spikelets Eod Pein pubescent. Autumnal phase seed the branches numer mit.—Sandy woods, pinelands, and marshes, various provinces, Fla. a Tex. Mo., and Del. 102. P. oligosanthes Schult. Stem bobo. 35-80 em. tall: ligules 1-2 mm. long: leaf-blades stiffly spreading o ascendin ing, 5-8 mm. wide, glabrous on upper surface: panicle 6—12 cm. us spikelets 3.5—4 mm. long, sparsely hirsute. Autumnal phase topheavy-prostrate, the short branches aggregate at the summit.—Sandy moist woods, dunes, and bottoms, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and N. J., and Great Lake Lowland, N In d. 103. P. ig ar Nash. Stem erect, rather stiff, 20—50 em. tall: ligules about 1 mm. long: leaf-blades 6-12 mm. wide, glabrous on the upper o panicle 4— 8 em. long: spikelets P, moo to nearly glabro Au- tumnal phase much-branch ed at summit, the blades not meer d reduc od. —Dry prairies, sandy soil, woods, prairies, euis and fields, various provinces, Tenn. to Ariz., Wash., Ont., Me., and Md. x P. scoparium Lam. Stem 80-130 em. tall, stout, erect or o sually ieu ders at base, the nodes villous with reflexed hairs, a glabro viscid 1 ing below: a sheaths glabrous and visc id on the back toward the ummit: leaf-blades 2 s mm. wi long-acuminate: paniele.8—15 em. long: puce turgid, abou mm. long, Di -pubescent. Autumnal phas ua or spreading, freely PE the ultimate branches in fascicles i the es. [P. pubescens L m. j— — Wet soil, prairies, swamps, woods, and thick- ets, Coastal Plain and adj. D uc. Fla. to Tex., Okla., and Mass.—(W. I.) P. aculeatum H. & C. Stems in large clumps, 70—100 em. tall, harshly pubesent a Vae zi eun Luo ied -hispid with stiff, sharp hairs: epa ong ie wide, involute- DUE panicle 8-12 e E m pt m. lont d y pubescent. Autumnal phase bags pus the middle nodes.—Swampy nod Coastal Plain, N. C. to Long Id., N. Y. 106. P. scabriusculum Ell. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall, oo at least below the nodes, sometimes puberulent: leaf-blades 15-25 em. long, 9-12 mm. wide, gla- ede or € often pubescent beneath: panicle pum em. long: spikelets long, glabrous or obseurely puberulent, the se g ay ane much larger than the fruit. A phase erect, branching it. ut from the middle and upper nodes, finally bearing fascicled Liban and forming dense oblong masses along the upper part of the primary s 80 POACEAE Moist ground, wet acid woods, and pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. nd N. J. cryptanthum Ashe. Stem erect, 80-100 cm. E ceps except the abro 1 usually bearded nodes: leaf-blades 7-9 mm. wide, gla panic em long: spikelets 2.2-2.4 long, labrous Or pee poe the second glume and sterile mma pointed beyond the fruit. Au umnal phase erect, und, le sparingly branched at the middle and upper nodes. —Low swampy gro Coastal us Fla. to Tex. and N. J. p branched from the mi iddl upper nodes.—Sandy d dunes, a hammoeks, Coastal Plain d ps Blue Ridge, Fla. to Miss. and Va. 109. P. equilaterale Seribn. Stem ad ped 25-70 em. tall: leaf-blades firm, widely spreading, 6—17 cm. long, 6— wide, very scabrous, often eiliate at base: pa anicle d em. long: piel elet: S 33 mm. long. Autumnal phase ereet or leaning, branching from the upper and middle nodes. [P. ird folium Nash]—Pinelands, . ‘aan and dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C. 110. P. Ashei Pearson. Stem usually purplish, erect, 25-50 cm. tall: le e sheaths puberulent: blades 4-8 em. long, 5-10 mm. wide: panicle 5-8 c ong utumnal phase divergently branching from the middle and upper nodes.—Dry sterile woods, rocky places, and sand hills, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Mich., and mmutatum Schult. Stem 40-75 em. ane leaf- pees eerie or 12-25 m 112. P. Joorii Vasey. Stem 20-55 cm. tall, spreading or ascending fro 2m ed at least the lower part pur ple: panicle 5—9 em. long: spikelets mm. long. Autumnal phase widely spr reading, bearing more or less divari- im veu M from all the nodes, the ultimate branchlets in. dense fascicles. [P. manatense Nash]—Low woods, ammocks, and cypress-swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.— Nd I., Mez.) ranch r ened branchlets inclosing wholly or partially the secondary panicles.—Moist ground, woods and thickets, v RON provinees, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Me. 114. P. latifolium L. Stem erect, 45-100 em. tall: qn apes 8-18 em b ike branehing from the middle nodes, the branches er rowded and sprea macrocarpon Le Co ma 1 nte|—Rocky or sandy woods, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Kan., Minn., and Me. 115. P. Boscii Poir. Stem 40-70 e m. tall, erect or ascending, glabrous or minutely puberulent: leaf-sheaths Pie or nearly so (downy-villous, the blades a beneath in P. Boscii molle=P. ded bis Nash—Fla. to La., rk., and Conn.): blades 7-12 em. long, 1.5-3 em. wide: spikelets papillose- POACEAE 81 pubescent. Autumnal phase more freely branched than in P. latifolium, sometimes topheavy-reclining. [P. Porterianum Nas ni LC bottoms, and hillsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and Mass 116. P. hemitomon Schult. Plant aquatic or semiaquatic, with extensively creeping rootstocks, often producing numerous sterile shoots with densely ip sheaths and strigose blades: stem 50—150 em. tall, gla ded o blades ascend- ing or spreading, em. long, 7-15 m wide, cabrous on upper surface glabrous beneath: Ps 15-30 cm. png the Beaches sa r2or3i a an 2—10 em. long: ibas about 2.5 mm. long, eee ng acute, gla- bro P. dig itarioides Carpenter | — (MAIDEN-CANE.)—Stream-banks, ditches, bonds, and ies often in the water, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. J. 7. gymnocarpon ux Plant denen with a succulent decumbent or ereeping base as much a m. long: stem erect or ascending, 60—100 cm. tall, the nodes often deed: leaf-blades linear-lanceolate, 20-35 cm. long, 15-25 mm. wide, flat, cordate: panicle 20-40 em. long, with several solitary or fascicled racemes along the main axis, Lene 8-12 em. long: spike el ets d pedicelled, appressed, 6—7 mm. long, glabrous, the glumes acumin [Phan pyrum abt Nas sh ]—Ditehes, unde. 'and muddy banks, N Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga. LASIACIS A. Hitche. Large branching perennials, with woody culms often straggling several feet high into shrubs or trees, the leaf-blades firm, flat, usually lanceolate and narrowed into a petiole, the spikelets in an open panicle. Spikelets subglobose, glabrous, placed obliquely on their pedicels; - g mewhat infla s seen code, usually not over one-third the length the spikelet, several nerved; second glume and sterile lemma about sae Bu abruptly apiculate, papery-chartaceous, shinin Pedo e ed, the lem enclosing a membranaceous palea and sometimes a Siem nate flower; fertile lemma Ln bony-indurate, obovoid, obtuse, this and us palea bearing at the apex in a slight crateriform depression a tuft of woolly hairs, the palea concave be- low, gibbous above, the apex often free at aturity.—Twenty species, natives of tropi- cal America. 1. L. divaricata (L.) A. Hitehe. Plant apis throughout except the margin of eaths: stem branching, shrubby or a. straggling over bushes or up into t B 2 he ste strong, as much as 6 m n diameter, the main branches often o ed, the vigorous a secondary shoo s often strongly di- / cate or zigzag: po Perg narrowly in te, 5-12 em. long, 5-15 mm. wide, on vigorous Shoots much bans paniele ovate, 5—20 em. E I pod 4 mm. long, commonly black at matur urity. [Panicum dwaricatum L. P. folium £ Fl. SE. U. 8.)]—(SMALL-CANE. WILD-BAMBOO. A S Fla. — (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 29. SACCIOLEPIS Nash. Peorennisls of wet soil; stems ipei sn with elongate spike- -like panicles. Spikelets oblong-conic; first glu second glume broad, inflated-saccate, strongly many-nerved; un "inus 82 POACEAE narrower, flat, fewer-nerved, its palea nearly as long, often subtending a j fertil l staminate ower: ertile lemma much smaller, d elliptie, pointe rate, the pa ns inrolled, the palea not enclosed at lise mit. e species, ex- cept the a confined to the tropics of both hemispheres. 1. S. striata (L.) Nash. Plant 2 often decumbent and peres at bas 5, ate, 4— icle rather loose, 6-30 cm. long: Rs pe 4 mm. long. [Pani icum f gibbum Ell. S. gibba Nash |—Mar ditches, prairies, and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to E Tex., Okla., and N. J. — (W. T.) 30. OPLISMENUS Beauv. Freely branching, creeping a with slender erect flowering shoots, flat, thin, " neeolate or ovate leaf-blades, and several l-sided ded EDI GS: rather dist on a main axis. dada terete or somewhat laterally compressed, is solitary or in pairs in 2 rows, crowded or somewhat distant on one side of a narrow scabrous or hairy rachis: glumes about equal, emarginate or 2-lobed, awned from between the lobes; sterile lemma exceeding the glumes and fruit, notched or entire, mucro- ate or short-awned, inelosing a hyaline palea: fertile lemma elliptic, acute, convex or boat-shaped, the firm margins clasping the palea, not inrolled.—Ten species, except the following, confined to the tropics of both hemispheres setarius (Lam.) Roem. & Schult . m. e 1-3 cem. long, 1 anceolate, conspicuous eae -margined: racemes 3-5, distant, 1-3 . long, the bn usualy 2-5 mm. long, sometimes 1 em. long: the spikelets appear- —(W0OO0D-GRASSES.)—-Moist woods, sw awe and iw banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.— (IF. I., Mex. ys 31. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. Our species coarse, often succulent, annuals, with compressed leaf-sheaths, no ligule, linear flat blades and rather compact panicles composed of short densely flowered racemes along a m pike- ets plano-convex, often stiffly hispid, subsessile, solitary or in irregular clus- ters on one side of the panicle-branches; first glume not over half the length of the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma equal, pointed, mucronate, or the side short-awned and the lemma long-awned, sometimes Ws cn d so, inelosing a membranaceous palea and sometimes a staminate flower; fertile lemma een -pointed, the margins inrolled below, flat above, fa aoe of POACEAE 83 the palea not inclosed.—Ten species, natives of the tropieal and temperate regions of both hemispheres. Spikelets mostly in pairs, evenly imbricate in 3 or 4 rows on one side of the rachis, abruptly .pointed. 1. E. colona. SERE tne irregularly crowded in the spike-like scarcely 1-sided ches, Leaf-sheaths smooth. . Sterile floret neuter. 2. E. Crus-galli. Sterile floret staminate. 3. E. paludigena. Leaf-sheaths, at least the lower ones, hispid or scabrous: ` . pa anic ea P dense mass of long-awned spikelets. 4, E. Walteri. 1. E. colona (L.) L nk, kr eompressed, branching at the more or less decumbent base, as mu 80 cm. E Pu binder about 5 mm. wide, some- times barred with pu E -brown: usually 5—10, E red nearly “their ngth on stric spikelets , Mex., C. A., rus-galli (L.) Beauv. Stem usually L es er Fla. to S Calif., Mo., ( S. A.) ( RASS. )—-Waste-places, fields, and moist ground, eee the U. S. and S Can n—(Eu., W. I., oe pe A., a —An exotice form, E. Crus-galli edulis, 2 mm. ong.—(JAPANESE BARNYARD-MILLET. BILLION- reed RASS.)—Was places, various provinees, Ala. to Tex. and Conn.—(ZE. I.)—Occasionally "a for forage. E. paludigena Wiegand. Stems eld net ee 1 to 1.5 m. tall: ae icles narrow, 20-30 cm. long: racem endi ostly simple: sterile floret staminate.—Ditches, marshes, and d. lace ‘often in shallow water, pen. Fla. . Walteri (Pursh) Heller. Stem 1-2 m. tal : ligule none: awns 2—4 em. long —Wet d v ome and ponds, various Pi iu Fla. to Tex., Wis., and Mass.— (W. I., Mez.) —Exceptional spec- i imens have glabrous or scabrous sheaths, E. | ii " sh. | longiaristata Na . 92. TRICHOLAENA Schrad. Peren- nials with rather open panieles of silky spike- lets pikelets on short capillary pedicels; first glume minute, villous; second glume and sterile lemma equal, raised on a stipe above the first glume, short-awned from a notched p with long silky hairs, - in a of the oni lemma well developed; fertile Jemma shorter than the spikelet, pa M boat-shaped, obtuse, the margins thin, not inrolled.—Fifteen species, natives of Africa. 84 POACEAE . T. rosea Nees. A short-lived perennial: stem slender, about 1 m. tall, the base often decumbent; leaf-sheaths sparsely papillose-hirsute: blades flat, 2—5 mm. wide: panicles rosy purple, 10-15 em. fong, the branches slender, ascend- ing: o about 5 mm. long, the Pr pedicels flexuous o urved.— (NATAL-GRASS. )—Prairies, Im old fields, and roadsi s , Fla. Nat. of Afr.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)—For nob eult. for hay, now very abundant in sandy fields, groves, i pinelands, p on roadsides. Seeds E and spreads rapid! 33. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. Annuals or pen with narrow bristly terminal panieles, these dense and spike-like or so loose and open Spikelets subtended by 1 to several bristles (sterile eae), deciduous, falling free from the bristles; first glume broad, usually less than half the length of iue spikelet, 3- to 5-nerved; second glume and sterile lemma equal, r the former shorter, several-nerved; fertile lemma coriaceous-indurate, smooth or rugose. [Setaria Beauv., not Achar.]—Sixty-five species, most abundant in the tropical and warm-temperate parts of both hemispheres.—FoxTAIL- GRASSES. BRISTLY FOXTAIL-GRASSES. PIGEON-GRASSES. Plant annual. Bristles retrorsely scabrous. 1. C. verticillata. Bristles antrorsely scabrous. Bristles 5-12 at the base of each spikelet : panicle cylin- drie, yellow. 2. C. lutescens. Bristles 1-3 at the base of each spikelet. Second glume distinctly shorter than the spikelet. Leaf blades pilose. 3.. C. hispida. Leaf- m Scabrous but not pilose. 4. C. corr ugata. Second glume about as long as ms Spibelee (a little "ie sometimes in C. itali Fertile lemma smooth and shining: : plant robust, the panicle usually 2-5 cm. in diameter 5. C. magna. Fertile lemma more or less roughened or wrinkled, {omalle forms often purple). 6. C. italica. Fruit mer disarticulating, the Spikelets falling entir 1. C. viridis. Plant perennial ns 8-12 at the base of each spikelet. 8. C. geniculata. tles 1-3 at the base of each spi ikelet. 9. C. macrosperma. 1. C. E RI e ibn. Stem 0.3-0.6 m. tall: leaf-blades flat, 7—18 em. long, 6— = , scabrous on both surfaces: panicle 5-10 cm. long, compact or erm pes e and lobed to- e ward base: iru 2-2.5 mm. long, the bristles flexuous, 3—6 mm. long. [S. verti- e Beauv.]—Cult. grounds and mn places, E U. S. and SE Can. Nat. of E hare. in the S States.—(W. I., Mez., C. p L) 2. C. ee A Stuntz. Stem as mueh a Fi b, ice branehed and de- mben p af-blades linear-lanceo- B s en twisted in a half inh panicle - em. ee seldom mor le e na above irds e i fertile lemma. [C. glauca (Fl. SE. U. 8.)]—(YELLOW-FOXTAIL. PIGEON- GRASS. )—Fields, ics 7 ds and woods, various provinces, U. $. ez.) and S Can. Nat.o —(W. I POACEAE |. 85 3. C. hispida Scribn. & Mer Stem as much E m. e ee dae at base: ie sheaths sparsely o -pilose: blades 4 e: panicle m ong, the axis villous: spikelets about 2 mm. d. "Shell mounds, Mare Island, S Fla.—(Cuba.) 4. C. corrugata (Ell) Seribn. Stem as much as 1 m. tall, usually ae and decumbent at base: leaf-blades 3-6 mm. wide: pan icles 5- a long, 5-10 mm. in diameter, e ipu of a brist tles, the mdi is villou | pese about 2 mm. long, the bristles 5-15 mm. long: fertile lemma mm ee -rugose. ss 4 corrugata Se Schult.]—Fields and sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. (W. I.) magna (Griseb.) Scribn. y Stout, iin as much = 4 m. tall: leaf- sheaths keeled, pei or scabrous: blades as much as 3 cm. wide, scabrous: p. nicles as much as 40 em. long, poo bas ow, ae ndr panieles scarey sometimes. not ue long: E elets about 2 mm. long, t bristle 8-11 long, ae tawn [S. magna Griseb. } Marshes, iind and dies Coastal Plain, Fla. to ee and N. J.—(W. C. A.) : C. € (L.) Seribn. Stem as much as 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades A md s 3 em. wide: panicle as much as 20 cm. long. Cult. for forage. eaped in fi elds and waste places, such specimens nel much dne z the panicles l often purple. [S. italica Beauv.]—(CoMMON-MILLET. HUNGARIAN-GRASS.)— Cult. grounds, roadsides, waste-places, and Jom various ieri Fla. to Tex., Calif, Minn., and Que Nat. of Eura 7. C. viridis E Seribn. Stem usually less than 0.6 m. tall: leaf- blades not twisted (as in C. lutescens): panicle green, tapering at summit, ch a 10 em. long: s ikelets 2 mm. long, the bristles 7-12 mm. long: second Sons i sterile lemma equal, covering the s triate faintly wrinkled fertile lemma. I5. viridis Beauv. ien eee Fi elds and waste-places throughout . S. and S Can f Eu.—(W. I., Mex., C. A.)— uid ambigua, is d on ballast at "Mobile ; Ala., diste: S from C. viridis in the scabrous, not villous axis of the panicle; “the spikelets P DIG those of C. verticillata. 8. C. geniculata (Lam.) Millsp. & =- Stem compressed, as much as 1 m. tall, usually tufted and decumbent at base, from short knotty rootstocks: leaf- sheaths glabrous: blades r at apex, often with long hairs on upper surface near age panicle cylindric, dense, not tapering. at either end, 2-10 cm. long, Un 8 mm. in diameter, exclusive of bristles, the rachis pubescent: spikelet s 2—3 m m the bristles horizontally spreading, as much as 10 mm long or sometimes scarcely longer than the spikelets, yellow or purplish: first glume one-third as long as the spikelet: second glume half to two-thirds as long as the spikelet: fertile lemma finely transversely rugose. [C. imberbis Seribn. C. versicolor Bickn. C. occidentalis Nash C. purpurascens Seribn. & Merr. S. imberbis Roem. & Schult. S. na tale: Chapm. S. perennis Hall]— Pinelands, ee hillsides, swamps, a oadsides, various provinees, Fla. to S Calif, and Con —(W. I., Mevs., C. 1. 8. 4.) . Macrosperma Seribn. & Merr. Stem stout, 0.6-1.2 m. tall: ee peed glabrous compressed, the margins ciliate: blades 10-30 cm. long, panicles as much as 30 em. long and 5 em. wide, tapering sd "the e: Hess bristles 1.5-3 em. long: fertile ae “finely transversely undulate- wrinkled.—Hammocks, shell-mounds, and swamps, Fla.—(W. I.) id barbata E H. & C., a weak-stemmed annual, with plaited m = . wide, tapering az each a and narrow panicles of numerous 13 ale r m been eollected at Miami, Fla. Introd. from trop. Asia.—(W. C. rariflora (Mikan) H. & C., a perennial with flat blades mostly more than 5 mm. wide, pale narrow rather loosely preaches panicles, tapering to a slender POACEAE 86 summit, [C. caudata p has been eolleeted on ballast at Mobile, Ala. Nat. of S. A.—(W. I., Mex., S. A.) PENNISETUM L. C. Rich. Annuals or perennials, often branched itary or in groups of 2 or Spikelets solitary or in g 34. with dense spike-like terminal panieles 3 surrounded by an involuere of slender bristles, these not united except at the very base, often plumose, falling attached to the spikelets; glumes shorter than the sterile and fertile lemmas; fertile lemma chartaeeous, smooth, the margin thin, enclosing the palea.—Fifty species, natives of the tropical regions Bristles, at nas 29r exceeding the spikelets, the large caryopsis dde througn ucum. 2. P. setosum. the lemma and pal Bristles much exceeding the spikelets, the earyopsis remaining within or even more: e lemma and p Lr: A e R. Br. oru pipe 1-3 m. tal blades 40 em. long and 4 em. wide: panicle pod dis dense, ie like, ER 10- —30 em. long, 1-1. 5 cm. in ee diameter bic pci spicata Willd.]— QOO Ad (PEARL-MILLET.)—Cult. grounds and road- SR Pa E various va utt dos to Md. DE coe Nat. of Afr.—Cult. for for IPM SN OR EL ES 2. P. setosum (Swartz) L. C. Rieh. Stem Soc? 1-1.5 m. tall: leaf- bs 5-10 mm. wide: do VUE : paniele 10—15 = ong, Ns rng above, CANE ET : usually purple: er bristles about as long Sg aD as spikelets, dins inner ; bristle es ee N bs FEE C! densely silky-plumose on lower par Pei a = the others: spikelets ee 3 Wee mm. long.—Sandy soil, S Fla.—(W. I. AU . 4. ) HE flat M ez., P As 35. CENCHRUS L. Low branching annuals or perennials, with u urs. Spikelets solitary or sed of several and thick, articulate at ing w the s in ours retrorsely bar Pu S cn -five species, in warm most abundant in America.—SAND-BURS. BUR-GRASSES. few together, surroun coaleseing bristles (sterile penis the bur ie dan with spik Fac en re SAND-SPURS. SPURS. Involucral lobes united below: stem compressed, branched, the branches usually de- I. TRIBULOIDES. II. MIO ODE cumbent and spreading. Involueral lobes united at the base only: stem terete RIBULOIDES Involucre with a ring of slender bricties at base. Burs ree E bristles not over 4 mm. wide, numerous, crow es ~ a long spike; lobes of the involucre inter- locking 1. C. viridis. Burs excluding bristl -7 mm. wide, not densely crowded ; s of the inv pcre erect. 2. C. echinatus. involucre witli ee spreading spines, no ring of slender bristles at stems rather slender and plants per- Burs eaperne ers base, ovate: iry, fs ascending or erect, 30-60 cm. tall: a POACEAE 87 Eu ca spines relatively few, usually 2-4 mm. 3. C. incertus. Buse gl labrous: spines numerous, 4-6 mm. long. 4. C. gracillimus. Burs udi E aet Et mu ue spines AET stems ng: plants a . Burs 7-8 mm. wide, finely pubescent. 5. C. pauciflorus. Burs 10-15 m m. wide, densely woolly : E des usu- . . ally included at base in the inflated sheaths. 6. C. tribuloides. II. MYOSUROIDES E A stout glaucous woody perennial. 7. C. myosuroides. 1. C. Meas Spreng. Stem erect or spreading, 30-50 cm. tall: leaf-blades lax, 6-12 mm. wide: spike about 10 em. long—Hammocks, fields, and waste- places, S Fla — (W. I., Mez., C. A., echinatus L. Stem UM em. pur d blade flat and thin, 5-10 mm. wide: spik ually 5-7 em. long.— (Hepes HOG- ies) Spinola nds, hammocks, coastal sand-dunes, fields, and waste- n- Coastal Plain and V adj. Mr Fla. to N. Mex. and 8. C.— IAN, (W. I., Mez., C. A., 8. A.) ff NN ncertus M. A. Curtis. Leaf. blades SA em at base. —Sandy soil, pinelands, woods, and dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. 4. C. Pd Nash. In dense A ee is leaf- ws Rari stiffly ae usually 2-3 mm. wide: spike often long-exserted, . long: burs usually few, the ae slender —BSandy soil, pinelands n poete dunes, Fla. and Ala.—(W. I.) 5. C. dro Bent th. Ste m 20- 60 em. long: nee n am mm. wide: spike 3-8 ¢ : burs usually 6-12, sometimes more, the spines 3-4 mm. long. [C. t vibuloides (Fl. SE. U. S. Yes —Sandy soil, "rondsides ee grounds, Lr i us stal ds various provinces, Fla. to Calif. and Me.—(W. I., , €. A., 8S. A.) : bd pog ocu = MET C. paucifiorus: plant more robust, the trailing much as long. [C. macrocephalus Seribn.]—Sandy cu qe Plain, Fla. » La. and Long Id. N. Y.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 7. C. myosuroides H. B. K. Stem ind ae ien at base, branching, 1-1.5 m. E B 5-20 em. long: bur ow, numerous, contiguous: spike- lets about 5 mm. long. [Cenchropsis "myosuroides Nash | andy soil, ea grounds, ne tenchas Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Tex—(W. I., "Mex C. Á., s. A.) C. san cei a a spre inne annual with stems up to 1 long, its ur , 2. flowered, the lobes sd at the base only, the flat erect inner- dobes deus ciliate, has been collected on ballast at Mobile, Ala 36. STENOTAPHRUM Trin. Creeping stoloniferous perennials, with short flowering stems, rather b and short obtuse leaf-blades, and terminal and axillary racemes. Spikelets imbedded in one side of an enlarged and flattened articulate rachis: first glume small: second glume and iue lemma 88 POACEAE about dias the latter with a palea or stami- nate flow fertile lemma chartaceous.— Five Eee except the following, on the islands of the Pacific Ocean. l. S. secundatum (Walt.) a Ps tall: pe? pen usually Ei than 15 em. long, 4-10 wide: mes em 5-10 : long. mi Puy Schran k]—(ST. Av- GUSTINE-GRASS. di NING CRAB-GRASS.)— Moist loamy or ee soil, mostly on or near beaches, cee Plain, Fla. to p. ex. nd S. ae W. I., Mety C. A., S. A., O. W.) —Commonly cult. for lawns in Y. States, inna in Fla. 37. AMPHICARPON Kunth. Erect annuals or perennials, with stiff flat blades and narrow terminal panicles. Spikelets of two kinds on the same plant, one in a terminal panicle, perfect but not fruitful, the id oid gamous on slender leafless subterranean branehes from the base of t sometimes also from the lower nodes: first glume of the aerial en variable in size, sometimes obsolete: second glume and sterile lemma about equal; lemma and palea indurate, the margins of the lemma thin and flat: fruiting spikelets much larger, first glume wanting: second glume and sterile lemma strongly nerved, subrigid, exceeded at maturity by the cae elliptic acuminate fruit with strongly indurate lemma and palea, the margins of the lemma thin and flat: stamens with small anthers on short eee species, confined to the eastern United States. Blades conspicuously dps 5 A. Amphicarpon. Blades glabrous or nearly s . A. floridanum. A. Amphicarpon (Pursh.) Nash. Annual: stem erect, 30—80 em. tall, the leaves crowded toward the base: leaf-blades erect, 10-15 em. long, 5-15 mm. wide, sharp-po om panicle narrow, 3-20 g: spikelets elliptic, 4—5 lo subterranean spikelets 7-8 mm. long, plu . long, plump. [ A. ae Kunth]—Sandy pinelands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. J. (Ga., accord- ing to Ghee n.) 2. A. n E Chapm. eae stem usually decumbent at base, 30-100 em. tall, the leaves EU d along ‘the stem ; "blades firm, white- d when At mostly less than 10 em. long, 5-10 mm. wide: panicles long-e Ced narrow, Pour Mun. id lets narr rowly lanceolat e, 6-7 m lon subterranean spikelets 6-9 mm. —Low pine- lands, Coastal Plain, la. to S. C. 0 38. OLYRA L. Tall monoecious perennials, with broad flat leaf-blades which are contracted into a petiole-like base, and terminal or axillary panicles. POACEAE 89 Staminate spikelets arranged along the panicle-branches below the summit: lemma usually awned; palea as long as the lemma. Pistillate spikelets terminating the main n the fertile lemma chartaceous-bony-indur- ate in fruit—Twenty species, mostly natives of tropical America. O. latifolia L. A tall woody-stemmed a ads perennial, I oblong i bcr lanceolate leaf-blades as much as . Wide, ong somewhat open panicles "10- 15 em. long, the n CR sity o m. lo ing or spreading, be earing one ee pistillate Spikelet a of Tam eral Ede along the side.—Regio mpa Bay, —The occurrence of this mes, at least at the pee time, in n Florida is doubtful 39. ORYZA L. Swamp annuals or perennials, often tall, with flat leaf- blades and spikelets in open panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, laterally com- pressed-flattened; glumes 2, much sho | ; he lemma, narrow: lemma rigid, keeled, 3-nerved, sometimes awned: palea similar to the lemma, narrower, keeled but with no midnerve on the back, 2-nerved close to the margins.—Seven apas mostly of the Old World tropics. 1. O. sativa L. Stem erect, 50-100 em tall: panicles 10—30 em. long, the branches erect below drooping eA T = e 2 2 mm. long, oblong, hispid less.—(RıcE.)—Wet pla ae cu one me- times escaped, though SN pin ne yee ye on the Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va. Nat. of trop. Asia.— (W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) 40. HOMALOCENCHRUS Meig. Perennials, usually with creeping roo stocks, flat scabrous leaf-blades and usually open panicles, the spikelets dnd sessile along one side of the branchlets. Spikelets 1-flowered, strongly com- pressed laterally: glumes wanting: lemma chartaceous, broad, oblong, boat- shaped, usually 5-nerved, the lateral pair of nerves close to the ma en these and the keel often hispid-eiliate, the intermediate nerves som fain palea as long as the lemma, much narrower, usually 3-nerved, the keel a hispid-ciliate, nd lateral nerves close to the margins, elosely held by the mar- gins of the lemma: stamens 6 or fewer. [Leersia Sw.]—Ten species, of tropi- eal and S repre Ea Spikelets broadly oval, 3-4 m au 1. H. lenticularis. Spikelets elliptic, not over 1. E mm. , Panicle narrow, the branches Banaue: 2. H. hexandrus. POACEAE 90 Panicle open, the branches Eo spreading. Spikelets glabrous, about 2 mm. long: stems tufted, erect : rootstocks wanting 3. H. monandrus. Spikelets fies dulous: stems decumbent at base: root- . H. LAE Stocks presen Lower branches of panicle Sew at the node. e than one at the node. 5 H. oryzoides Lower branches of panicle . H. lenticularis (Miehx.) Kuntze. Stem about 100 em. tall, n rather dad Qu ern sheaths somewhat 2 SEM scabrous: blades very sca- bro —20 vide: panicle 10-20 e few | nic spreading spike le i cae pos the ends. [L. lenticularis Miehx. ]—Ma arshes, mp and oe ees various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and S. C. H. uo ad. (L.) Kuntze. Stem slen- B n and root at the base, with slender scaly rootstocks: ee blade Ho erect, s not over 5 paniele mostly less than 10 em. dong, Ae ac spikelets about 5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide. [L. heg- andra ee ce Ser and ponds, I., Mez., 3. H. monandrus (Sw.) Kuntze. Stem e oo i 50-100 em. tall: leaf- o erect, slender, 2-5 uh. ards the base: paniele 5—15 em. long, the capillary brane. Sp below: spikelets ide. [L monandra Sw.|—Rocky woods and a. ‘Goastal Plain, Fla. to E Tex.—(W. I., S. A.) 4. H. umi wina.) Britton. Stem 50—100 em. long, erect from an often straggling or mbent base with densely imbricate- scaly rootstocks: leaf- blades n rather short, mostly ee 10 mm. wide: panicle 5-20 em. long: spikele 3-4 long, T 1.5 wide. [L. virginica Willd.]— ( WHITE- — Moist od. meadows, stream-banks and low pinelands, various pro- o Tex., Minn., and Stem 100—150 em. tall, with slender, d sealy f Fla. to Tex. and N. GRASS n vinces, Fla. H. nee (L.) Poll. blades very rough, ,5 m. ng, 1.5 Side. L. rootstocks: Tc En retrorsely scabrous: wide: d e 10—20 em. long: spikelets about 5 mm. lon m. oryzoides E — Marshes and wet places, often in zones be. E various |» provinces, PA o Tex., S Calif., Wash., and Newf.—(ZEurasia.) 41. HYDROCHLOA Beauv. A slender branching monoecious aquatic, : staminate flowers in a small few-flow- in leaves float E M pen the ered terminal raceme: pistillate ee i g Pier ean racemes in the axils of the ; E es. Spikelets 1-flowere staminate #2 spikelets with a thin 7-nerved a, 2- TX nerved palea, and 6 stamens, the glumes 1 Ei wanting: Be bl with a thin 8 3-nerved s and 5-nerved lemma, the first Mii |n pM wanting, the stig- ng and slender. Mic) a only by s long and is following specie e H: e ba ES -blades 1-5 em. long, 1-5 m inate spikelets 5 mm. long: pistillate EE about 2-5 mm. long. [H. fluitans (Fl. SE. POACEAE 91 U. $.)]—In water, lakes, ponds, and river-shores, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Md. 42. LUZIOLA Juss. Creeping low or delicate monoecious od als, with narrow flat blades and terminal and axillary panicles. Spi s l-flow- ered, the staminate and pistillate flowers in separate panicles: pus glume and palea wanting: second glume and lemma about equal, thin, several- to many-nerved, lanceolate or oblong: stamens several: stigmas long, plumose. Grain free, globose, smooth.—Six species, mostly in tropical America eei Ed oroi about 2 mm. long: staminate and pistillate inflorescences n the same 1. L. peruviana. Pistillate E EOS obTon x E N 4 mm. long: staminate and pistillate inflorescence on different shoots. 2. L. bahiensis. 1. L. peruviana J. G. Gmel. Stem tufted, decumbent or stoloniferous: blades ascending, the pis ae oar flexuous.—Ditches and wet places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La—(W.1 Men. C. A., . A.) 2. L. bap d i ) A. m ee sending ou slender S: blades acuminate, ‘gradually Rec " “the base, narrower the sheath, 5-20 em. wide: pes nicle shorter than the leaves, "e oe branches fin ally spreading or A [L. Me di en Chapm. | —In wa lagoons and stream-banks, ee al Plain, Ala. ud Miss. 9 ph 43. aged Qd i Doell. & Aschers. Robust monoecious marsh peren- nials, with stout bees rootstocks, flat leaf-blades and large open panicles. Spikelets Hr red, the 2 kinds same branches s the paniele, the ces lets: lemma 3-nerved: palea wanting: sta- mens 6: styles rather long, united: cary- opsis obovate, free, coriaceous, smooth and shining, beaked with the persistent style.— Three. species, the ponowane: and two in South America. 1. Z. amend (Michx.) Doell & Aschers. Stem as 1 as 4 m. tall, the rootstocks 74 | Seet ‘with pone overlapping scales: leaf-blades as much as 1 m. long and 3 em. wide, the aed e xs pithy, the margins ie doi paniele as ‘much as 60 em. spikelets 5-8 mm ania miliacea Michx.]— (WATER-MILLET. joa (ed c and moist us Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Okla. and Va. 44. ZIZANIA [Gronov.] L. Tall monoeeious aquatie annuals; ours with flat blades, and large terminal panicles, the staminate spikelets pendulous on the 92 POACEAE lower spreading branches, early deciduovs, the pistillate erect on the appressed upper branches, tardily deciduous. boss el ets 1-flowered; first glume of stami- nate spikelet wanting, the second ved, me eibeanaecous, linear-acuminate or awn-pointed; lemma about as inm as the glume, 3-nerved; palea wanting; stamens 6: pistillate spikelet terete, € at maturity; glumes wanting: lemma char- taceous, 3-nerved, tapering into a long ne der awn; palea 2-nerved, closely clasped by the lemma. Grain cylindric, as much as em. long.—Three species, one in Asia, two in North America. 1 much as 3 m. tall: leaf-blades much a 1 m. long and 4 cm. wide: panicle 20-30 em long.— (INDIAN RICE. WILD-RICE.)—Marshes, n or braekish water, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., N. D., and "Vt. 45. PHARUS L. Monoccious perennials, with ample panicles and large oblique long-petiolate feather-veined leaf-blades with numerous e the petioles twisted, reversing the leaf. Spikelets in pairs on the tiff fragile branches of the panicle; pistillate, subsessile; the staminate Fi smaller, pedicellate. Glumes in the staminate spikelets membranous, somewhat broad- ened, the first a little pelis the second longer than the lemma, enelos a flower but no palea: in the pistillate po the glumes membranous, d -nerved, subequal, the lemma longer than the glumes, narrow, at length du e clothed at least toward the beaked apex, with uncinate hairs, Five species, natives of tropical America. 1. P. parvifolius Nash. A iQ Te and rooting at"base, 50—100 e ees leaf-blades S eu pod acuminate, narrowed into a d 1-3 c m. long, the middle s 12-15 long, about 4 em. wide: spikelets 8-10 mm. long: fruit “pubescent “ail over, eden twice as long as the glumes.—Rocky hammo cks, N pen W. I., Mex P. latifolius, a tropical American species, eat y to the flora of Florida, does not occur in our range. 46. PHALARIS L. Erect annuals or perennials, with flat blades. Spike- lets laterally compressed, with one terminal perfect floret and 2 lateral sterile emmas, articulate above the glumes, arranged in usually dense’ spike-like panicles; glumes equal, boat-shaped, often winged on a ne keel; sterile lemmas reduced to 2 small scales ird only one): fertile lemma coriaceous, shorter than the glumes, enclosing the faintly 2-nerved palea.—Twenty species, natives of temperate Europe and i ento (D POACEAE | 93 Plant perennial, with stout creeping rootstocks: panicles contracted but somewhat lobed or interrupted. 1. P. arundinacea. Plant annual: panicles ovoid to linear, dense. . . Glumes broadly winged: panicle ovoid. 2. P. canariensis. Glumes wingless or nearly so: panicles oblong to linear. 3. P. caroliniana. 1. P. arundinacea L. Stem erect, usually 100—150 em. tall: panicle in anthe- sis rather open PR em. long, pale: spikelets nee about 5 mm. long.— ( REED CANARY-GRA SS.)— Wet soil swamps, and as o ede e : and Ky. to Kan. Ariz. B. C., and N. 8. E Rn canariensis L. Stem rad less tall: E 2-3 cm. long: spikelets broadly obov 5-6 mm. long: glumes white w green veins, the keel en- tire: “Fertile nr. bro . (CA (NARY-GRASS.) —Waste-places, eons ete ec Fla. to Ariz., Wash., and N. S. Nat of Eu.—Rare within our limits. (W. I., Mex.) 3. P. caroliniana Walt. Stem 30-100 cm tall: Teny ellipsoid to linear, 1-6 em. lon ng: spikelets 5—6 mm. long, rather abru tly nar- SH rowed to an acute apex, the keel i ous and argui winged above from below the middle, the lateral nerves about midway between keel an E Aud ee fertile lemma ovate, aeute, densely villous, about 4 mm. lon ng. [P.i neds Bosc.]—Moist soil, coastal sands, borders of woods, prairies, and jud Coastal Plain and RU EE provinces, Fla. to Tex., S Calif., Mo., and Md.— ` (Mez. 47. ANTHOXANTHUM L. Sweet-smelling annuals or perennials, with flat blades and spike-like panicles. Spikelets with 1 terminal perfect floret and 2 lateral sterile un articulate above the glumes; glumes unequal, acute or mucronate; sterile lemmas shorter than the glumes, empty, awned. from the ack; fertile lemma shorter than the sterile ones, awnless; palea 1-nerved, rounded on the back, enclosed in the lemma. —Four species, of Europe and Asia. 1. A. odoratum L. Perennial, the plant Mets fragrant in drying: stems tufted, 30-60 em. tall: panicle 3-8 cm. long, tapering above: spikelets brownish green, 0 mm. long, the sterile leanne and it golden-brown.—( a RASS. Meadows, pastures, woods, roadsides, and waste-places, m throughout N. A., common southward. Nat. of Eu.—(W. L) —A. aris differing in being annual, has been found in Fla. and Miss.; it also occurs in the NE | States. Torresia odorata (L.) A. Hitchce., ind e A E Lena in whieh the low er are nate, is recorded by URS from poe le, N. C. Stems 30-60 em. long: spikelets bronze- oe 3- flowered, the terminal floret perfec e 2 S. staminate. [Savastana E Seribn. Hierochloa borealis Roem. & ras nd News -GRASS. HOLY-GRASS. ce QE ues N. J. to Colo., e and POACEAE 48. ARISTIDA L. Mostly low or moderately tall annuals or perennials, with narrow often convolute leaf-blades and narrow or sometimes open panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, the ieee inte Mond s: the glumes; glumes narrow, acute, acuminate or awn-tipped; lem indurate, narrow, terete, con- b volute, with a pointed usually minutely buio eallus at One hundred and fifty species, of the warmer WIRE-GRASSES. above in a usually trifid a parts of the ics. GRASSES. POVERTY-GRASSES. Lemma articulate with the column of the awns: awns nearly ase, emn a qual. I. TUBERCULOSAE. Lemma not articulate. Lateral awns minute (less than 1 mm.) or wan II. TERNIPIDES. Lateral awns usually well de doped. (reduced i Pis 'dicho- tom III. DICHOTOMAE. Centr aL awn coiled at base: plants annual. Central awn not spirally coiled (sometimes all the awns loosely contorted in the lower part). . OLIGANTHAE. Plants annual. Plants n ial. C OPOHI the branches spreading, naked at Am V. DIVARICATAE. Panicle narrow, the branches ascending or ap- pressed. VI. STRICTAE. I. TUBERCULOSAE Tufted annual with involute leaf-blades: panicles with the 1. A. tuberculosa. numerous long bristle-like awns spreading in all directions. NIPIDES Ti, RN Tufted erect perennial with wiry stems, long leaf-blades and open panicles nearly half the length of the plant. III. DICHOTOMAE Glumes about equal, mostly 5-7 mm. long; straight portion of the central awn uu 2 mm. long; lateral awns short, searcely 2 mm. long, e Glumes Unc qual the Sod longer, 10-15 mm. long ; straight portion of the central awn about 10 mm. long. IV. O HAE Central awn horizontally spreading or reflexed, much longer Nori a lateral. mm. long, with a semi-circular or S- napa ‘bend at base. Ce n 2e awn about 10 mm. long, merely spreading or re- Cantal nen AE (or spreading in A. intermedia), about 2. A. ternipes. A. dichotoma. 4. A. Curtissii. 5. A. ramosissima. 6. A. longespica. as long as the others. Glumes 20- 30 mm. long; awns 4-7 cm. long. 7T. A. oligantha. Glumes not over "10 mm. long; awns not over 2.5 cm. long. 8 A. intermedia. V. DIVARICATA Erect stiff perennial with long leaves and large open few- flowered panicles with spreading branches 9. A. patula. VI. STRI a o fruit 1.5-3 cm. long, slender, Pad. "anis con- 10. A. spiciformis. Neck ‘Of fruit sometimes aoe but not long and slender. Sheaths more or E lanos 11. A. lanosa. Sheaths not lano First glume E to % as long as second. 12. A. gyrans. First glume nearly as long as the second or longer. Leaf-blades E de densely villous on up- per surface near bas 18. A. stricta. Leaf- blades. flat or A involute, not densely vil- t bas Sena aa hori zontally spreading or reflexed by a TEAT bend. POACEAE 95 Lateral awns erect. Glum n 6 nun s 14. A. virgata. Glumes 12 mm. lon 15. A. palustris. Patre i Aum P or reflexed. Glumes 6- ong; spikelets mostly in pairs. 10. A. simpliciflora. Glumes 10 mm. long; spikelets solitary. 17. A. Mohrii. Central awn with no E TA bend ; all awns spir r First glume longer than the second: m n pubescent on Vitus Short (0.5 long us. 18. A. purpurascens. First glume ey shorter than the second: fru ously sis cent on the slender ong) c Panicle slender. the Toae short, rather . distant, few-flowere 19. A. tenuispica. Panicle rather mone the branches as uch as 10 cm. long, rather densely many-flow ered. 20. A. condensata. 1. A. tuberculosa Nutt. Stem 20-50 em. tall: panicle 10-20 cm. long: glumes equal, 2 em. long, awned: lemma 15 mm. long, the neck about 1 cm. long, the e andy soil, pinelands, sand-dunes, and gravelly fields, near t coast, Coastal Plain, New ast and Great Lake Lowland, Ga. to Miss., Minn., and Mass.—( Mez.) 2 A. ternipes Cav. Stem ee em. tall: Fla. ; ; also in N. M. and Ariz.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 3. A. dichotoma Michx. Stem slender, much branched at base, 20—60 em. tall: pe narrow, 5-7 em. long, 2 Ais ape short, appressed, bearing 1 or 2 spikelets: lemma about a S long as second glum e. —Dry open grounds, road- sides, barrens, woods, and fields, various pio aie Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Me. 4. A. Curtissii (A. Gr Nash. Resembles A. dichotoma: second glum ay) e 10- . long, the first shorter: lemma shorter than the second glume, the lateral ae 12 mm awns just about reaching its summit: straight portion of central awn about 10 mm. long.—Sterile open grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Okla., Wyo., and Md. A. rpg | Enge lm. a spreading, 30-60 cm. tall: panicle usually | a d to a ra 5-10 cm. long: aed oe on short pedicels: n unequal, the second poro about 2 long: lateral Logs short or inute.—Sterile open oe and sandy pines various provinces, La. to Okla., Ia., Ind., and Ten 6. A. longespica Poir. Stem slender, 15—50 em. tall: panicle narrow and strict, the branches short and appressed, bearin ng 1 im 2 spikelets, the lower branches distant: E qn ie n m mm. ong, | nep as long as the lemma: central a 8-15 m Apt ral 2-6 mm. long. [A. gracilis Ell. |— Sterile ee ground, ae: ficlds, and dry ps various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. H. 7. A. oligantha Miehx. Stem 30-60 em. tall: panicle few-flowered, nearly simple, the pedicels or branchlets short: glumes somewhat unequal, awned: lemma 3-nerved, 2 cm. long, narrowed into a short beak, the three awns diver- ò “tee 96 . | POACEAE gent, finally horizontally spreading or dA pata spirally ales Es ase.—Dry 2. soil, various provinces, Fla. ; S. D., and Mass. Ore. and Cal 8. A. inte rmedia Seribn. & Ball. a A, V dq eel stem slender, 30- 80 em. tall: panicle ed em. long: glumes 7-9 m aa ng: awns all spread- ing, the central 18-99 m. long, the en 14-17 mm. long.—Dry soil, b ND sandy bottom TERM Coastal Plain and Central "Lowland, Miss. to Tex Nebr., and Ind. 9. n patula Chapm. ME pue. 100—150 em. pon d m d flat, as much as 60 cm. lon wide: panicle as . long, the branches naked below: eus ed 2-3 em. ed © Pinelands e pea dunes, pen. Fla. 10. A. dare uda Ell Stem stiffly erect, 40—100 cm. tall: panicle dense m spike- like, 10-20 em. long: glumes unequal, the first about half a Spe the second, the seca about 1 em. ine, both d -awned: lemma ree o mm. long: awns curved at base, spreading, 2-3 cm 2 ng.—Moist ne and serublands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—(W. I.) 11. A. lanosa Muhl. Stem erect, rather dias Ade em. tall: leaves mostly near the po of the plant: blades flat, 2-7 wide: panicle narrow, 40-60 em. long, the branches distant, ascending, 8 A2. em. long, villous at the axils: glumes Hte al, acuminate or shor indes d, ‘the first longer than the second, about 15 mm. long: lemma about 1 em. long, the central awn recurved-spread- ing, 1. a 4 em. long, the lateral pus erect or ascending. [4. lanata Poir.] —Dry sandy soil, woods, per and roadsides, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex , Okla. and N. J. 12. A. gyrans Chapm. Stem ed b 30-60 em. tall: leaf-blades 1 mm wide or less: ‘panicle ain r, 10- 20 . long, the short branches distant, ap- pressed, bearing 1 or 2 spikelets: ui fusiform, the body 4-5 mm. long, the slender bearded tae 1.5 mm. long, the pale e neck about 1 mm. long: awns about 1 em. long, about equally spreading.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga. . 13. A. Srita Michx. Stems tufted, erect, = 50-100 em. tall: leaf-blades slender, firm: pan e strict, 10-30 em. long, t aes branches ciis glumes Noi Vm unequal, the second s dent p A Dg: pin about 7-9 mm, long, iin ds hispidülo ous toward t A aa (WIRE-GRASS.)—Sandy pinelands and BERN Coastal "Plain, Pla. to Miss. 14. A. virgata Trin. Stem slender, 50-80 em. tall: leaf-blades flat, 1-2 wide, bec ones involute toward the tip: panicle slender, the Eurus i distant: glumes about 7 mm. long; lemma flattish: central awn 15— Qe m. lon ns: Ape spreading, the la teral awns more s a. C p as ee as entral. [A. Chapmaniana Nash]—Dry pinelands and Te n 1 Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. J. 15. A. pn Ree. Vasey. Stem ie stout, 100—150 cm. tall: leaf- blades 2-3 m panicle strict, 20-40 em. long, the branches us 8 mm. 1 the lower 2-4 i em, poo. glumes about 1 em. done lemma about ong, smooth: central awn spreading, 2—3 em. long, the ue ereet or ascending. Low pinelands and shallow ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to E Tex. and N. 16. A. ipa Chapm. Stem oo erect, 30-60 cm. tall: leaf-blades a 2s wide: paniele slender r, 10-20 cm. long, few-flowered, the spikelets n odi rs, aue. p glumes 6-7 mm, long, awn-tipped: lemma ü little shorter than the glumes: central awn reflexed a semicircular bend, sical horizontally spreading, a little shorter than the central. —Moist pine SE W Fla. and Mis POACEAE | 97 17. A. Mohrii Nash. Resembles A. vi irgata: a pes ed to a raceme, id Spikelets ide suc and distant along t xis: glumes 10-11 . long, glabrous: lemma terete; lateral awns ue as ln ng as the pra ERE or reflexed. —Dry sandy pine ridges and ONDE Coastal Plain, Ala. 18. A. don dea? Poir. Stems erect, mostly in small tufts, 1 Aur 30-100 em. tall: leaf-blades flat, or becoming loosely involute, 1-2 m paniele Hore a em. long, 2 rat er p or bei hee frst Sion Hau 1 em. long: lem a about . long, smooth: awns 15-25 mm. long, the cen- tral ; spreading, the latera M oes Sons db yb erect or spreading. —Sandy ns thickets, p fields and coastal sands, various provinces, Fla. i , Wis „ and Mass.—(W. I.) 19. A. tenuispica A. Hitehe. Stem slender, 60—100 em. tall: leaf- -blades flat, —2 mm. wide, with scattered long hairs on the upper surface: is icle slender, the 2 appressed, eap de: distant, few-flowered: oss s equal, about 8m : lem long: awns equal, 12-15 mm. long, sp ae or eet aos iar sed at base.—Low pine woods, pen. Fla. 20. A. Perms Chapm. Stem erect, rather s 50-100 em. tall: leaf- blades 2-3 mm. wide: panicle compound, 15-30 e m. long, the branches pida ing, m ae ered, as much as 10 cm. long: glumes about 8 mm. long: lem little shorter than the glumes smooth: awns spreading, often a urved at base, 10-15 mm. long.—Dry sandy woods, pinelands, sandhills and Pe sands, ud Plain, Fla., Ala. and Ga. 49. STIPA L. Perennials, usually tufted and erect, with narrow leaf- blades. Spikelets 1-flowered, articulate above the glumes, the articulation ee leaving a bearded sharp-pointed callus at the base of the floret; glu membranaceous, often papery, acute, acuminate, or even aristate, long deg unm ; lemma SN terete, firm or indurate, strongly convolute, terminating in a usually bent and twisted prominent persistent aw pa enclosed in the Wed emma.—One hundred species, of ana regions generally.—SPEAR-GRASSES. PORCUPINE-GRASSES. F'EATHER-GRASSES. DEVI DARNING-NEEDLES. Glumes purple below: first glume 5-nerved. 1. S. avenaceoides. Glumes pale: first glume 3-nerved. 2. S. avenacea. l. S. avenaceoides Nash. Stem 70—140 em. tall, naked above: leaf-blades 1 mm. wide, flat or ui panicle 10—25 em. long, the few branches capil- lary, ascending, bearing 1 or 2 E ea f glumes 15-20 mm. long, acuminate: lem Abou. 1 5 cm. long, the long callus es bearded; awn 7-10 em. long.—Dry pine- s, Fla. in about 1 e abruptly acute or inate: lun br seabrous above, 8— 10 mm . long, the callus Don -felty, the neck very short, ciliate: awn 4-7 cem. long.— 7 98 POACEAE (BLACK OAT- a )—Rocky or sandy nes thiekets and old fields, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mich. and Mas 50. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. Low or moderately tall perennials, the stems simple to much branched, the inflorescence a narrow or open panicle. Spikelets 1- des glumes usually shorter than.the lemma, obtuse to acuminate r awned, the first sometimes small, rarely obsolete; lemma membranaceous, 3- to idle) with a very short usually minutely mE ig the acute Spe sometimes extending into a straight or flexuous mueronate only. Eighty species, mostly in Mexico and the SW Dui States —HAIR-GRASSES. Plant A creeping scaly rootstocks: glumes at least half as long as the flor I. TENUIFLORAE. Plant without creeping scaly rootstocks, but base sometimes de- mbent and rooting. Panicle more 2 dnd contracted, not diffuse: stems branched: Jeaf-blades II. SCHREBERIANAE. Panicle diffuse. the branches capillary: stems simple: leaf- blades involute. III. EXPANSAE. I. TENUIFLORAE Stem erect, ultimately somewhat branched above: leaf-blades divaricate: glumes e oad ao thin, shorter than the "body of the lemma: panicles slender, loosely Spikelets 1.5-2 mm. m lemmas awnless or short-awned. 1. M. sobolifera. Spikelets 3-4 mm. long: lemmas long-awned. 2. M. tenuiflora. Stem much-branched, Boon ' spreading: leaf-blades ascending or erect: glumes narrow, acuminate, about as long as the body Stem glabrous below the nodes 3. M. mexicana. Stem minutely DB below the nodes. emma long-awned. M. umbrosa. .. M. foliosa. ou Lemma inuccondte or short- awned. CHREBERIAN S pne with weak stem and brnthes: leaf-blades d mostly 2-3 wide. 6. M. Schreberi. l III. EXPANSA EE shorter than the ae sometimes aaa glumes half to % as long as the T. M. expansa. Awn longer than the lemma ; ' glumes, excluding awns, less than half as long as the lem 8. M. capillaris. 1. M. uie ie Trin. Pies d slender, 30—80 em. tall: leaf- blades as mueh as em. long, 3— wide: paniele 5-15 em. long: glumes a half > $55 as the acumina e o provinces, Tenn. to Tex., Wis. N. H., and Va. 2. M. tenuiflora (Willd. B. S. P. Ste 60—100 cm. tall: vied eae 6-18 em. ine, wide mostly 8 mm. wl more: panicle 10-25 em. long: glumes Bn. adnate, half to 4% as long as the floret: awn oi lem 5- 4 oret: ma 10 mm. long. [M. Willdenovii Trin.]— —Rocky woods a dry hillsides, various provinces, Tenn. to Ark., Wis., and Vt. 3. M. mexicana (L.) Trin. Stem 50-100 em. long, sprawling: panicle 5-15 cm. long, the branches appressed (nc Dg i a an- thesis ) ; spike- ike: spikelets s 2.5 " long.—Moist places, rich woods, and prairies, various provinces, N. C. o Tex, N. D., and N. B. POACEAE 99 3a. Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P. [M. glomerata Trin.] has been reported from Statesville, N. C. (Chapm NE Its panicle is dense and the glumes race exceeding the awnless lemm 4. M. umbrosa Seribn. Stem 30-100 em. cae p 5-15 em. long, narrow, ie branches appress ped or ascending: glum mm. long, awn-pointed: wn of lemma 5-15 mm. long. [M. sylvatica “Torr. ]—Moist woods, various ce N.C.t o Tex., Minn., and N. B. 5. M. Ads Trin. Stem erect, 30—100 em. tall: panicle slender, ~ 5-15 em. long: spikelets 3—4 mm. long.—Swamps, various provinces, N. C. Ariz., Mont., and Me. 6. M. Schreberi Gmel. Stem decumbent or prostrate, slender and wiry, diffusely branched: leaf-blades mostly 1-3 mm. wide: panicle m 20 em. long, slender, rather lax: glumes minute, the first often wantin lemma E 2 mm. long, the awn 1-4 mm. long. [M. diffusa Willd ]— Nue. -WILL.)— Low ground, moist woods, thickets, and cult. grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. Nebr., and N. H.—(Mez.) 7. M. expansa M Trin. Stems tufted, erect, rd em. tall: leaf-blades flat, 2-3 mm coming involute: panicle 20-40 e . long, about half as wide, oblong, ‘the branches ascending: lemma 4—5 mm. mum the glumes acumi- nate, half to 24 as long, the awn usually minute. [M. trichopodes Chapm. M. caespitosa Chapm. M. Reverchoni (Fl. SE. U.S.).]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C. 8. M. Me (Lam.) T Resembles M. expansa, but stems not so tall: panieles more diffuse, br ede. the capillary branches somewhat flexuous and implieate: ie: shorter (long-aw -awned in M. capillaris filipes) : awn of mise 5-15 mm. long.—(HAIR-GRASS.)—Dry pin ~ ate meadows, and stre banks Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla., nnd Mass. S.— (W. I.)—Grows in large tufts. 51. n OO Beauv. Erect slender perennials with short knotty rootstocks, flat blades and narrow rather few-flowered panicles. Spi lets 1-flowered: rachilla ae ed behind the palea a slender naked bristle; glumes very en unequal, the first often obsolete, the second sometimes awned; lemma fi j oblique cals: the apex terminating in a long straight awn.—One species. 1. B. erectum (Schreb.) Beauv. 100 em. tall: leaf-sheaths dud Eo. hispid: blades 10-20 em. long, 1-2 ide: iele em. lo ong: awn 1-2 em. long. [Muhlenbergia erecta Schreb. Dilepyrum erectum Farwell] — Rocky woods, various provinces, Ga. to Okla., Minn., and Newf. 100 POACEAE 52. PHLEUM L. Annuals or perennials, with erect stems, flat leaf- blades and a dense cylindric spike-like panicle. Spikelets 1-flowered, laterally compressed: glumes equal, ipii oii. keeled, abruptly mucronate or awned ; shorter than the glumes, hyaline, Ed. truncate, 3- to 5-nerved; palea narrow, nearly as long as the lemma.—Ten species, in the temperate regions of both hemi- spheres. 1. P. pratense L. Stem erect, 40-100 em. tall, the base swollen: panicle 5-10 em. 1 1-2 mm. long.—( TIMOTHY.)—M grounds, and waste-places, cult. and escaped, nearly throughout N. A. Nat. of Eu. 1.58. As (W. ALOPECURUS L. Low or moderately tall perennials or rarely an- 53. nuals, with flat blades and soft dense spike-like panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, articulate below the glumes, falling entire, strongly compressed a. glumes equal, awnless, usually united at base, ciliate on the keel; lemma 5-nerved, obtuse, connate at base, bearing a delicate awn from below the middle, this in- eluded or exserted 2 or 3 times the lengt the spikelet; palea wanting.—Twenty-five H species, in the temperate regions of the Y Northern Hemisphere.—FOxXTAIL-GRASSES. VIE n 1. A. ramosus Poir. Annual; id tufted, o much risen at the base, 20-50 em. tall: x paniele a cm. long, slender, pale alee NE about 2 m ee long- ciliate on the keel; 4 lemma about as long as the glumes, ns awn Vi bent, the aa portion as long again as Y the gl es: a s about 0.5 mm. TS [A. geniculatus (Chapm. Fl.) (Fl. SE. U. )] ist plaees, meadows, and cult —M grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Alberta, and N. J. la. A. myosuroides Huds. has broader panicles than A. ramosus: glumes 4—5 mm. long. [A. agrestis L. —— EADOW FOXTAIL.)—Waste-placis, Atlantic and Gulf eoasts.—Nat. of Eur 54. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. Annuals or perennials, with small spikelets in open or contracted panicles. Spikelets l-flowered: glumes awnless, usually un- equal, the second often as long as the spikelet: lemma membranaceous, awnless: : seed free from the periearp.—Ninety-five species, most abundant in the warmer parts of Ameriea.—DROPSEEDS. RUSH-GRASSES. POACEAE Plant zn Plant perennial. reeping e prese Creeping rootstock "ninos plant tufted. Glumes nearly equal, 2 xd than the lemm Glumes unequal, the ond as long as the floret oe a little shorter. Second glume shorter th py Panicles open above, ana bel Spikelets 3 mm. long or more, pur Sos. Ad ‘bronze. I. VAGINAEFLORI Lemma pubescent, Lemma glabrous. II. VIRGINICI FaR dE narrow or spike-like: leaf-blades involute-pointed. cond ME shorter than the floret: rootstock short and Se Se ond clum as long as the floret or longer: long and branching. Panicle open: leaf-blades conduplicate, rather lax. rootstock III. IND Tufted perennials with tall virgate stems, erus long leaves, and slender elongate panicles. IY. ASPERI mma ipud pilose. Lemma glabrous V. GUTI Panicle-branches, c the lower, E Panicle-branches not whorled. VI. CRYPTAND Tufted perennial; sheaths conspicuously pilose x ide throat. VII. GRACILES Panicle-branches in whorls. nches not in whorls. la aes narrowly involute. -blades fla eee appressed to the branches: leaf-blades about Pedicels spreading: leaf-blades 2-4 mm. wide. 101 I. VAGINAEFLORI. II. VIRGINICI. III. INDICI. IV. ASPERI. ARG CRYPTANDRT. T GRACI . S8. MELDE dd us. . S. neglectus 3. S. macrus. 4. S. virginicus. b. S. Torreyanus 6. S. Berteroanius., ^. 8. clandestinus. 8. S. asper. 9. S. argut 10. S. dom noenee 11. S. cryptandrus. 12. S. gracilis. 13. S. teretifolius. 14. S. Curtissii. 15. S. floridanus. 1. S. vaginaeflorus (Torr.) Wood. Stem slender, erect, spreading or prostrate, 20—60 em. m Ed blades 1-2 mm. e 2—4 em. long, partia 5 em 3: enclos a the nflated sheaths, or the terminal ea. er abo ut 4 mm. long: gl acuminate, about equal: lemma about as long as the glumes, minutely ap- po erica palea acuminate, longer than the lem [S. inaeflorus minor Seribn.]— — Sterile open ground, pastures, and waste-places, various fields, barrens, to Tex., Ariz., Minn., and Me. provinees, Ga. 2. S. neglectus Nash. Differs from S. va ginaeflorus chiefly in the pe spikelets and glabrous lemma: glumes broader pro portionately, about 2 mm. s rants more turgid, acutish, glabrous, about long; pa alea abo ut as long various provinces, Tenn. to Tex., N. D., and Que wide, those of the stem usually less than ally as the Ene tu open ground and sandy fields, 102 POACEAE > macrus (Trin.) A. Hitehe. Stem 40-70 em. tall: rootstocks ra d leaf- blades 2-3 mm. wide, flat at base: um anicle mov, partially ineluded in . the NC sheath, the branches appressed, 2 m. long: spikelets Er eium abou ong: glumes somewhat E ui lightly shorter than the nearly Sa ee aed palea.— Wet PIU. Coastal Plain, Miss. and La. S. virginicus (L.) Kunth. Stem 15-50 em. tall: leaf- eed mu blades firm, flat or beeoming involute, eonspieuously bars us the sterile shoots: panicle exserted, dense and spike-like, 3—10 cm. lo E ds. about m. long; glumes somewhat unequal, E second as iis as the ma or E — Sandy beaches, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.— (IF. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)—4A. robust form, S. littoralis Tam.) Kunth, with culms as much as 100 cm. tall, and panicles as much as 15 cm. long, i s found i n S. Fla. 5. S. Torreyanus (Roem. & Schult.) Nash. Stem ae S un a short root- stock: rd bode flat, rather lax: panicle narrow, open, the branches ascend- ing. . compressus ( Torr.) Kunth]|—Acid bogs in ae Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. J. 6. S. Berteroanus (Trin) H. & C. dps a a 40-100 em. tall: leaves mostly basal, the blades flat Mns uch as wide, tapering to a long involute point: panicle 10-40 e ie. qa ihe anie appressed, usually interrupted below: spikelets ren 2 l broad, obtuse, the second about half as long as the lemma, the first a little shorter. [ - ge E M is e inflorescence often T by a us.)— hammocks, pinelands, prairies, and c grounds, cn ae and pales Blue Ridge, Fla. to Tex., and Va—(W. pi C. A., S. A.)—S. indicus (L.) R. Br. has been collected on ballast at Mobile Differs from S. Berteroanus in having slender, secund, loosely ascend- ing panicle-branches and slender lax leaf-blades: glumes nearly equal, about 3 mm. long.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) S. clandestinus (Spreng.) A. Hitche. Stem erect, 60-120 cm. tall: leaf- blades attenuate in slender involute points: panicle 5-15 cm. long, pend m ore or less enclosed in the sheaths: glumes 3-5 mm. long: lem 6-7 long, a A excee y e acuminate or subulate- PM B. [S. canovirens Nash]—Sandy soil, prairies, sand-hills, woods, and uplands, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Conn er (Michx.) Kun Stem erect, rather stout, 50-150 em. tall: leaf- blades. xs glabrous a near the Das : panicle 10-20 cm. long, often more or less enelosed in the sheaths: first M about half as long as the spikelet, the second a little shorter than the spikelet: lemma slightly exceed- .]—Dr ed often on prairies, various provinces, Miss. to Tex., N. D., and Me.—Sporo- s Drummondii (Trin.) bs s differing from S. asper in "being less robust, Ho panieles less dense and more attenuate, the branches slender and ascendi a i s somewhat smaller, is oer considered Ene medi distinet from S. asper It occurs in Miss. and Tex 9. S. argutus s 2 Stems tufted, usually geniculate at base, some- timés prostrate, 20—40 em. long: leaf-blades mostly les less than 10 em. long, flat paniele pyramidal, 2— 10 c em. long.—Open, especially iade Soil, various prov- de W Bosw to Ariz and Kans.; also hammocks, and cult. grounds, S Fla.— M I. Mez., C. A., S. A.) S. domingensis (Trin.) Kunth. Stem erect, 30-50 em. tall: leaves mostly ur the blades flat, 2—4 mm. wide, involute-pointed: paniele contracted, ob- lo dpi n midal or spike- like, 5-15 em. long.—Rocky or sandy soil and dunes, on or near the coast, S Fla.—(W. I., Mex.) POACEAE 103 S. cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray. Stems erect, m 30- d ae tall: ie blades flat, tapering to a fine point: panicles ‘term nal and axillary, in- cluded at base in upper sheath, sometimes entirely inc ded the well- developed nd panieles open, as much as : spikelets crowded along the upper part of the main branches, 2-25 mm. long.—Sandy open pices various provinces, N. C. to Tex., Ariz., Wash., and Me. 12. S. gracilis (Trin.) gd Plant tufted, with numerous long pid leaves: stem erect, slender, 30—60 cm. tall: le Es blades ped less than 1 mm. wide paniele narrowly DD 10- 18 em. long, 2-3 cm. wide, purple T8. ‘juncea Kunth S. ejuncidus Nash ]—Pinelands 20 sandy woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. N. C. © =: Do C e B -— o B 0S i3. S. aique: Harper. Plant tufted, with numerous long basal leaves: stem 50-60 em. ta s v af-blades firm, glabrous, filiform, channeled, flexuous, villous above "the ligule: paniele oblong- pyramidal, 20 cm. long, about 8 em. wide.—Moist pinelands, ronem l Plain, Ga. 14. S. Curtissii (Vasey) Small. Stem pw erect, 30-60 cm. tall: leaf- blades 0.5-1.5 mm. e: panicle 15—20 cm. long, the Dian Ned rather stiffly ascending.—M oist ia Coastal Plain, "Tis. to N. C. 15. S. floridanus Chapm. Stem rather stout, 50—100 cm. tall: panicle 15—40 em. M mostly 5-10 em. wide.—Moist pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga. POLYPOGON Desf. Annuals or perennials, usually decumbent, with flat dd and dense soft- iwi spike-like panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, the pedicel disarticulating a t distance below the glumes, leaving a short- pen sl attached; is es equal, entire or 2-lobed, awned from the tip ríf n the lobes, the awn slender, straight; lemma much shorter than js ones doge RUE bearing a slender straight awn shorter than the awns of the glumes.—Ten species, most abundant in the Eastern Hemisphere. —BEARD-GRASSES. Plant annual: s 6-10 m Glumes slightly lobed, he he not ‘ciliate. lS monspeliensis: Glumes S prominently lobed, the lobes ciliate-fringed. . 2 P. D Plant perennial: awns mm. long. P. 1. P. monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Stem usually 20-30 cm. tall, sometimes taller leaf-sheaths glabrous: panicle pale, pee Wd and silky, u usually FA cm. ase peer Y, a, long, awns as 10 | | s E * Moit p dM pe MW [ Bine. N. C. to Tex. and Me.; also on N Paeifie Coast. Nat. of Eu.—(Mez., S. A.) - | . N about A Sse ~ — un. S SS aritimus Willd. Stem 20-30 cm. 2- P. ES 7 tall: leat. blades usually less than 5 cm. CS Y long, 2 to 4 mm. wide: panicle T NI | scarcely lobed, 5 em. long, or les em ` thick: glumes 3 mm. long, villous, T awn \ Æ as much as 7 mm. lon a ch a and ae fields, Tybee Island, Ga. Nat. of Eu. 3. P. lutosus d A, Lene Stem 10-50 em. tall:. leaf- UN o panicle as much as 10 ong, somewhat lobed: spikelet 2-3 long. Lf. littoralis J. E. Smith]. ay P aid P" r3 roadsides, various eo ee . to Calif. and Wash. Nat. of Eu.— NL S. A.) 104 POACEAE . LIMNODEA L. H. Dewey. A slender annual, with flat blades and narrow loose panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, articulate with the pedicel below the glumes, the rachilla prolonged behind the palea as a short slender bristle; glumes equal, firm; lemma membranaceous, smooth, . nerveless, 2-toothed at apex, bearing from tween the teeth nder bent ; twisted at base; ; palea a little Bonos e the pied —One species. L. arkansana (Nutt.) L. Stem tufted, 20-40 em. tall: ps yid or less dap db on both surfaces: m Dune 5-15 ong: spikelets 3.5—4 m long, the glumes hispidulous or hirsute >l [T arkansana hurberia Benth.]—Dry soil, prairies, river-banks, and sand-dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. 'and Okla. 57. ug L. Tal perennials, with flat blades and large drooping panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, articulate below the glumes, falling entire, the rachilla pro cane behind the palea as a minute bristle; glumes subequal, 1-3- nerved; lemma Similar to the glumes, nearly as long, 3-nerved, bearing a minute short straight awn just below the tip: palea apparently 1-nerved.—Three species, natives of North America.—REED-GRASSES. Spikelets 5 mm. long: panicle rather compact, the branches as- cending 1. C. arundinacea. Spikelets 4 mm. long: panicle loose, the branches flexuous, droop- ng. 2. C. latifolia. 1. C. arundinacea L. Ste E em. tall: leaf-blades as much as 1.5 wide, sca : panicle 15-30 m. long, niin o glumes iut e ist swamps, hillsides, and meadows, variou provinces, Ga. to Tex., S. D., and Me. 2. C. Regs (Trev.) Griseb. Stem 60- 120 em. tall: leaf-blades 10—14 mm. wide: panicle 15-30 em. dh i dad green, ‘‘awn of lem ne s 1 mm. lo ong; [C. arundi nacea pendula A. Gray]— MUR woods, stream-banks, and swamps, Blue Ridge and more northern provinees, N. C. to Colo, Alas., Ont., and Newf.—(Eu.) 58. AGROSTIS L. Slender, tall or low, quim (one of our species annual), with glabrous stems s, flat or sometimes involute, scabrous blades and open or contracted panicles of small Ee Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla not prolonged; glumes equal or nearly so, acute or acuminate, cari- . nate, usually scabrous on the keel and sometimes on the back; lemma obtuse, usually shorter than the glumes and thinner in texture, awnless or dorsally POACEAE 105 awned, sometimes minutely hairy at base; palea usually shorter than the lemma, small and nerveless or obsolete or rarely well-developed and 2-nerved.—One hundred species, natives of temperate and cool regions.—BENT-GRASSES Palea evident, 2-nerved. Bra E of panicle unequal, some short and floriferous from base: ligule 2-5 ng. A. alba. Branches of panicle all naked at base: ligule about 1 mm, long. . A. tenuis. ee wanting, or minute and ne Lemma bearing a delicate aa n dont 5 mm. long: annual. 3. A. Elliottiana. Lemma with a bent, exserted awn: stems tufted. Spikelets 2 mm. lon ng. Spikelets 2.5-3 mm. lon Lemma awnless: panicle- Dane capillary. Panicle very diffuse, with very scabro primar branches, these branching above the middle, the spikelets clustered toward the ends of the smaller branchlets. 6. A. hiemalis. Panicle En but not CODD diffuse, the branches rking at or below the middle T. A. perennans. A. canina. . A. borealis. eus 1. A. alba L. Stem s Pan em. tall, produeing short rootstocks and sometimes stolons: ligu long: panicle 5-30 cm. long, the lower branches in whorls, some floriferous from | A base, some naked at base: glumes acute, " V 2-3 mm. long: lemma 24-34 as long as ‘ SE A "Sem nearly throughout cult. N. A. Nat. of Eur 2. A. tenuis Sibth. Stem slender, sum) 20—40 em. tall: Ma ii short pos truncate panicle 5- 10 em. long, open, e branches few and nr naked a ue [ A. vul- garis With.] — (Rmo IE BENT.)— we various provinces, Tenn. to Me. Nat. of Eu. A. Elliottiana Schult. Stem very slender, 10—40 em. tall: panicle pode He Sende iae e seabrous, flor ife erous toward the ends: glu mm. long: lem . long. [A. arachnoides Ell.]—Open dry nd woods, and prairies, den ERU Ga. and N. C. to Tex., Kans., and Ind. 4. A. canina L. Stem 30-50 em. tall: panicle open, 5-10 em. long, ps branches Dern ee ows and waste-places, various provinces, Tenn. Me. Nat. of Euras a A. borealis Hartm. Stem 20-40 em. tall: leaves mostly basal: panicle 5-15 m. long, ye Lr purple, the branches spreading, naked below, E ) S h. [4. oo U. S.)]—Rocky places, Blue Ridge and mo northern ee "N. b. and Lab. 6. A. hiemalis (Walt.) B. M P. Stem erect, slender, tufted, 20—40 em. tall, sometimes as much as 80 em.: leaves mo ao basal, the blades short and very narrow or I sotaceous: panicle often e than alf the height of the plant: glumes 1.5-2 long. [A. Ru "Willd d.]— S A GRASS. dup as E gr rounds, um bm N. A.—The mature panicle breaks away as a tumble-weed. 7. A. perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. Stem erect or decumbent at base, 30- 100 em. tall, in the shade often weak and lax (more slender and taller, with 106 POACEAE spikelets crowded toward the ends of the branches in A. perennans elata. 1s bran Roe ib or be low the middle P Nervous Time Scribneriana Nash ]—Open Vien old fields, meadows, and moist soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Me. —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) 59. S pu Se tall or robust erect peren- nials, with small spik in sometimes spike-like panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, i ra chilla pce "pehi nd the palea as a short Ka bristle; glumes about equal, acute or acuminate; lemma shorter e glumes, usually more delicate, with a tuft of hairs at base, ee usually nr a awned from the back, usually below the middle, the awn (in our ecies) delicate and. straight: palea shorter than the Jim One hundred species, natives of temperate and cool regions.—REED BENT-GRASSES. Panicle rather open, usually nodding: ears 9-4 mm. long. » C. canadensis. Panicle contracted, strict: spikelets 6-7 mm. long. . C. cinnoides. 1. C. canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Stem 60-120 em. tall: panicle 10-20 em. long: piene: copious, about as long as the lemma: awn delicate, straight, attached just below the middle and extend- ing ag ‘slightly Na bd its tip.—(BLUE- JOINT GRASS.)— S, swamps, stream- ban ce nd wet places, Blue Ridge, N. C., and various provinces, N. J. to Calif., B. C., Ont., N. S., and News. 2. C. cinnoides (Muhl.) Barton. Stem 1- the achilla abou mm. glabrous EUM long-villous ik LO. N d talliana Steud. "—NWet places, acid s marshes, and damp wooded " E S, Ala. to Me. 60. AMMOPHILA H A coarse erect perennial with stout creeping rootstocks, long tough involute blades, a a pale dense spike-like panicle. Dd l-fülowered, the rachilla produc eyond the palea as a short bristle, aue above; bia bone equal, chartaceous; lemma similar to the glumes, about as long. slightly emarginate, mucronate between the teeth, the callus ree: short hairs; palea nearly as long as the lemma.—Two species, of the Northern Po. . A. breviligulata Fernald. Stem 50-100 em. t". asm a um m m mm m pn m Sem were o wow ets T LH 7 Toe = - te the upper surface turned downward: p 10—40 long: spikelets flattened, about 1 cm. long enaria (Fl (BEACH-GRAS A-S EED.)—Sandy beaches and dunes, Coastal Plain and New me Coast, N. C. to Newf.; also Great Lake Lowland, Ind. to Wis. and Mic POACEAE 107 61. CALAMOVILFA Scribn. Rigid usually tall perennials with narrow or open panicles, some species with creeping root-stocks. Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla not prolonged behind the palea; glumes unequal, acute, charta- ceous, awnless; lemma a little longer than the second glume, chartaceous, awn- less, smooth or pubescent, the callus bearded; palea about as long as the emma.—Four species, natives of the United States and Canada.—Sanp GRASSES. REED-GRASSES Panicle long and narrow, the branches appressed. l C. Curtissii. Panicle open, the branches spreading. . 0. PEEGEL 1. C. Curtissii (vasen pu lm 80-120 em. tall: leaf-blades 2-3 m wide: panicle 15-30 e ong, ue ee loose, the branches ee: ae or appressed. [Cala coms Cur Vasey]—Sandy pinelands, E pen. Fla 2. C. m (Torr.) Seribn. Stem 60— 120 em. tall, tufted: ur purplish, 10- 20 cm. long, pyramidal rather open, the branches glabrous, naked below. — Acid sandy swamps, Coastal Plain, N. C. to N. J. | x: | n NOTHOLCUS Nash. Perennials with flat blades and contracted panicles. Spikelets 2-flowered, the pedicel articulate below the glumes, the is eurved and somewhat elongate be- | ro t 1, "uc than the 2 florets; “first nee per- fect, the lemma awnless; second floret ked awn.—Eight species, natives of Europe and Africa. | 1. N.lanatus (L.) Nash. Stem 30-60 em tall: leaf- ao and blades pale, velvety- pube scent, the latter 5-10 mm. l cle pale-purplish, 5-10 em. un spikelets 4 mm. long: glumes hairy. pes s lanat L.]— ( VELVET-GRASS )—Mois i don. "fields, woods, and waste-places, va- a provinces, S. C. to La., Ill, and N. S$.; also on the Pacific Coast. Nat. 0 63. A L. Low or rather tall perennials with shining pale or purplish spikelets in open panicles: spikelets 2-flowered, articulate above the glumes, the hairy rachilla prolonged behind the upper floret as a stripe, this sometimes bearing a reduced floret; glumes about equal, acute or acutish, membranaceous; lemmas thin, truncate and 2-4-toothed at the summit, bearing a slender awn from or below the middle, the awn straight, bent, or twisted, sometimes absent from the lower floret. NA Beauv. ]—Thirty- a species, in cool and temperate regions gene dc —HAIR-GRASSES. 108 POACEAE Awn Bu below at maturity, bent, exserted: leaf-blades fili- or 1. A. flexuosa. Awn not ‘twisted, straight, not much exserted : leaf-blades 1.5-3 m. e, flat or folded, firm 2. A. caespitosa. 1. A. flexu es Stems d slender, 30-80 em. tall: leaves sud basal, the blades 5-90 em. long, the sheaths scabrous: panicle 5-12 em. long, open; spikelets 4-5 mm. long, pu ie lum te: -7 mm. long, attached near the a ane twisted. [D. flexuosa Trin. | voods y banks, ee and ary des, Blue Midge, IN. C. o Tenn., and S prov , Va. to Wis. pes New 2. A. caespitosa L. Stems tufted, 60—120 em. tall: t nicis 10-20 em Py p spikelets about 4 mm. long, pale: nly a little longer than the lemma, straight, articulate the base, deciduous. [D. caespitosa oist Newf.— (Eu. )—The former definite inclu- sion of this eae in our range may have been an error . ASPRIS Adans. Annuals with pale shining spikelets in narrow or open panicles. Spikelets 2-flowered, articulate above the glumes, the rachilla not prolonged: glumes about equal, acute, membranaceous, or subscarious:.lem- mas firm, rounded on the back, tapering into 2 slender teeth, bearing on the back below the middle a slender geniculate twisted usually exserted awn, this rarely wanting in the lower floret or reduced, the callus with a very short tuft GRASS of hairs.—Nine species, natives of Europe.—HAIR-GRASSES. WIND-G Lower floret awned, the awn as ORE as that of the upper floret. 1. A. cn AT iie eds Lower floret awnless or nearly s 2. A. capillar A. ee (L.) Nash. Stem delicate, less than 20 em. tall: panicle open l5 the height of the plant, the capillary branches spreading: rds ph toward the ends of the ! branehes, 3 mm. long: teeth of lemma o us.— (SILVERY HAIR-GRASS.)—Waste- places, fields, bur and roadsides, various provinces Fla. La. Ohio, and Mass.; on the bus Coast. Nat. of Eu. A. capillaris (Host.) A. Hitche. Similar to A. caryophyllea: dare sg peta jd ae ends of the branches, 2.5 m ong: of lower floret with ack. teeth, of "the upper floret with i, teeth.—W aste- places, various provinces, Fla. to La., Calif., N. J., and M Nat. pu Eu. TRISETUM Pers. Tufted perennials with flat blades and open or TR e or spike-like panicles. Spikelets 2-flowered, sometimes 3- to 5-flowered, the rachilla prolonged boum d the upper floret, usually villous; glumes ined S unequal, aeute, awnless, the second usually longer than the POACEAE 109 first floret; lemmas usually short-bearded at the base, 2 eleft at the apex, the eeth ören awned, and with a bent and exserted awn from the back below the cleft apex.—Sixty-five species, in the Arctic and temperate regions of both hemispheres.—FALSE-OATS. WILD OAT- -GRASSES. SWAMP OAT-GRASSES. Panicle dense, spike-like, sometimes interrupted below. 1. T. spicatum. Panicle narrow bu oose. Awn twisted below: both florets long-awned ; rachilla ar- tieulate above the glumes Awn not twisted: lower floret a wnless or with a short Straight awn: pedicel ardere below the glumes. 3. T. pennsylvanicum. 2. T. flavescens. 1. T. spicatum (L.) Richt. Stem 15-50 em. tall: leaves more or les S puber lent: paniele 3-10 cm. Sui e ts 5- 3 mm. long, the rachilla i above the glumes: aw long, serted, divergent. [T. "nolle Kunth T. sub- icatum B spicat eauv.|—-Mtn. summits and slopes, Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, N C. , Ont., and Lab.— C. A.) 2. T. flavescens (L.) Roem. & Sch Stem 4 m ps ps leaf. sheaths se cent: blades 2—6 wide: panicle 5-15 em ee spikelets E flowered : ion mas 5-6 long.— a in waste-places; re- t. of Eu. —Oce Sod from Miss. 3. T. pennsylvanicum (L.) B. S. P. Stem T jt C. 5 B ct e» deno [um IR (qe) 99 Fh a, D CU as e Un m, t em £5 p lc] rs) = Th o Lar | et ae © 30 lower pubescent: panicle 10-20 em. lon ng: awn 4-5 mm. long. [Sphenopholis palustris Seribn. T. palustre Torr. T. ludovicianum Vasey] —Marshes, swamps, and springy places, various provinces, Fla. to La . and Mas 66. SPHENOPHOLIS Scribn. Erect perennials with usually flat blades and narrow panicles uf shining spikelets. Spikelets 2- or 3-flow ered, the rachilla articulate below the glumes and between the florets, produced beyond the upper floret as a slender bristle; glumes unlike in shape, the first narrow, acute, 1- nerved, the second broadly obovate, 3- to 5-nerved, somewhat coriaceous; lem- species, natives of the United States, TAT and the West Indies. Leaf-blades about 1 mm. wide, E flat or involute. 1. S. filiformis. Leaf-blades flat, more than 1 mm. wi e, not much e elonga te. a narrow, densely onered- glumes equal in a about p mm. long, the second much broadened abo ve, 1 mm. wide as olded. 2. S. obtusata. Panicle se oe branches more or less spreading: usn erri the ond longer, widened above, 0.5-0.75 mm. wide ed. Lemmas s ooth: panicle-branches approximate. 3. S. pallens. Lemmas, especially the second, scabrous: panicle-branches rather distan 4. S. nitida. 110 POACEAE 1. S. filiformis (Chapm.) Seribn. Stem densely tufted, 30-60 em. tall: panicle 5-15 cm. long, slender, often nodding: m ets about 4 mm. long. [E. fili formis ‘Vasey |—Dry soil, Coastal Plain N. C. Fla. to Tex., Tenis and S. obtusata, (Michx.) Seribn. Stem 30- 100 em. tall: leaf- sheaths glabrous or pubes- p 6-18 cm. long, often glomer ate sagas 2.5—9 ong. [E. obtusata ray pubescens Seribn. & Merr., the pubes escent form.]—Dry soil, various prov- inces, Fla. to Tex. and Me. "id - m ] glabrous, sometim mes awned below the apex. [E. pennsylvanica A. Gray E. nc. E c or ag woods, various provinces, Fla. to Ariz., Wis., S. aristata (Scribn. & Merr.) Heller [Eatonia aristata Scribn. & Merr. 5 aristatum D Nash] resembles S. pal- lens: lemmas scabrous as in S. nitida, the second awned. . C. Probably a rid. S. nitida (Spreng.) Seribn. Resembles S. eade stem more slender and DUE Ep so tall: leaves pubescen n or glabrous: paniele looser, the branches more widely spreading in flower: first glume E s wider. [E. nitida Nash E. Dudleyt Vasey E. glabra pe aa ous form.]|—Dry woods, vari- ous provinces, Fla. to Tex., N. D., 67. KOBLERIA Pers. Slender low or rather tall annuals or perennials unequal in shape, the lower narrow and sometimes shorter, l-nerved, the upper some- what broader above the middle, wider than the lower, 3- to 5-nerved; lemmas somewhat Searious and shining, the lowermost a little onger than the. glume, dida 5-nerved, acute or short-awned.— Twenty species, in the temperate regions of n hemispheres. —-J UNE-GRASSES. 1. K. phleoides (Vill.) Pers. Annual with short ins: panicles and snort- awned lemmas.—Pensacola, Fla. and Ala Nat. of Eu. 68. AVENA [Tourn] L. Low or moderately tall annuals or perennials with narrow or open pisc rather few-flow- ered E bs gical spikelets. Spike- lets rachilla - to ul flowered, the bearded, ae ee the glumes and between the florets; glumes about equal, membranaceous or papery, several-nerved, longer than the lower floret, usually exceed- POACEAE 111 ing the upper floret: lemmas e exeept toward the summit, 5- to 9- nerved, bidentate, bearing a dorsal bent and twisted awn (this straight or reduced in A. sativa) c cur five ahi in temperate regions, most abundant in D Old World.—Oar l. A. a L. Annual: stem 50-100 em. tall: leaf- a flat, 5-10 m wide: n nodding, 15-40 em. 1o58 P. As nehes spreading or 2 ins. spikelets usually 2-flowered: glume ong: DU Ds glabrous, the awn usually straight, often wanting.— Qus aai T caped from cult., fields, road- sides, woods, and waste-places, nearly throughout N. A. at. of Eurasia.— (W. I., Mex.) | 69. ARRHENATHERUM Beauv. Rather tall perennials, with flat leaf- blades and rather dense panicles. Spikelets 2-flowered, the lower floret stami- nate, the upper perfect, the rachilla pro- uce eyond the florets as a slender: bristle; glumes rather broad and papery, the below the tip.—Six ee in the temper- ate parts of Eurasi 0 D0 e short chain at the base of the stem in A. elatius tuberosum. Ala. to Va. Nat. of Eu.): leaf-blades 5-10 mm. wide: panicle pale and shin ny, sometimes purp- lish, 15-30 em Dos uL the short branches verticillate: spikelets 7-8 m [A long. . avena Beauv. ]— (TALL OAT-GRASS. )—Meadows, pu) Eu sides, and waste- pH BEBE] from cult., various provinces, Ga. o La. an d N. C. Nat. of Eu. 70. DANTHONIA Lam. Tufted low or moderately tall perennials, with few-flowered open or contracted panicles of rather large spikelets, and, besides, solitary or few cleistogamous spikelets of 1 or 2 florets at the base of the lower leaf-sheaths. Spikelets several-flowered, the rachilla readily disarticu- and betwee and papery, aeuminate, mostly exceeding the uppermost Pas lemmas rounded on the back, obscurely several-nerved, the apex bifid, the lobes aeute, often aristate, a stout awn arising fro m between the lobes, pl awn flat, twisted, geniculate, exserted.—One hundred species, in the temperate parts of both hemispheres, most abundant in southern Afriea.—WILD OAT-GRASSES. Leaf-sheaths villous: lemmas densely long-villous all ove 1. D. sericea. pee rr glabrous or sparsely pilose: lemmas villous od the mar- Sg p age sparsely pilose on the back Giane about 1 ong: lemmas glabrous on the back. 2. D. epilis. Glumes 7-10 mm. long: lemmas sparsely pilose on the back. Stem terete: TEM of lemma triangular, acute, or acumi- nate, not aristate 3. D. spicata Stem compressed : Poeti of lemma aristate. 4. D. compressa. 112 POACEAE 1. D. sericea Nutt. Stem 50-100 em. tall: panicle 6-10 cm. long, rather loose, the branches cid or spreading: teeth of lemma 2-3 mm. lon dor 12- the sal awn 5 mm. long.—Sandy soil, Ko acid woods, and pinelands, various pro W Fla. to La, Tenn, and Mass. T i ribn. Resembles D. sericea, A sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. J., rare Probably only a variety ‘of D. sericea. Ra D. spicata (L.) Beauv. Stem 20-70 tall: leaves usually in a basal tuft, the blades short and curly: panicle few-flow- ered, the few ak Danes erect.—Dry and sterile "e woods, pastures, elearings, and sand.hills, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., N. M., Wash., and Me. 4. D. oe m Stem 40-90 em. tall: leaf-blades elongate, 2-9 m wide: teeth of 1 2 mm. long or more.—Dry woods, various provinces, N. c to Tenn. and Me. 71, CAPRIOLA Adans. Perennial, usually low grasses with extensively creeping stolons and rootstocks, short blades and several slender spikes digi- t at bract; glumes NS idu. 1-nerved, m in texture, 3-nerv es lateral nerves elose to the margins. u^ species, of the warmer regions, the following widely dis- tributed. 1. C. Dactylon (L.) Kuntze. Stem flattened, Vb B em. tall: spikes usually 4— 2 slender, 2-5 em. long: spikelets imbrieat e, 2 mm. long. [Cynodon Dactylon ers. |— (BER MUDA-GRASS. a eg E) Fields and waste-places, various fca ces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Ore ass. Nat. of Eu. (W. I. Mex., C. A., S. A. eit more robust pom is ni. aioe the seacoast of Fla. SPARTINA Schreb. Stout erect, often tall perennials with — due d ereeping firm, sealy rootstocks, long tough blades, and 2 t appressed or sometimes spreading spikes racemose on the main axis. B. 1-flowered, the rachilla articulate below the glumes, not produced beyond the floret, much flattened laterally, sessile and usually closely imbricate in 2 rows on one side of a continuous rachis: glumes keeled, l-nerved, eee or short- awned, the first us sa the second often exceeding the lemma; lemma firm, keeled, the lateral nerves obscure, narrowed to a rather obtuse point; palea POACEAE | 113 2-nerved, keeled and flattened, the keel between or at one side of the nerves.— Fourteen species, most of them North American.—MARSH-GRASSES. CORD- Leaf-blades more than 5 mm., us sually more than 8 mm. wide, flat (more or less rolled in drying) : plants robust, often tall and reed-like. First glume as long as the floret, slender-acuminate, the second with an awn about mm. long: spikes somewhat distant. 1. S. Michauaiana. First glume shorter than the floret, acute, the second acute or mucronate, but not slender-aw ned: spikes approximate. Spikes numerous, ascending, iorming a thick panicle. 2. S. cynosuroides. Spikes few to several, remote, erect or nearly so. 3. S. alterniflora. Leaf-blades Jess than 5 mm. broad, involute or soon becoming so: rather slen der. , Sp plan d g a dense cylindrical inflorescence 4. S. spartinae. Spikes S pra or appressed, but not closely: approximate Greening pA aE wanting : plant in a dense hard clump with Has jv "on ae nd long slender involute leaf- blades as muc IUBE 5. S. Bakeri. Creeping buie. ae plant more slender and with shorter blades. | 6. S. patens. S 2 m. tall: leaf-blades 60-120 em 1. S. Michauxiana A. Hitche. Stem 1-2 m ; long, as muc a as 15 mm. wide, tapering to a very slender point: spikes 5-20, ap- pressed or ending, m ostly 4—8 em. long: pene ERU -hispid on the keel, the first acuminate, equalling the floret, the second longer than 2 floret, tapering into an awn mm. long: lemma 7-9 mm. long. [S. eynosuroides (Fl SE. S.) ]—(Srovazn- S.)—Marshes, river- banks, arid rS in prairies, various provinces, N. and N. J.. M., Wash., N. S., 2. S. ee pu Roth. Stem 1- B ic as long as the lemma, the second longer than the lemma. [S. polystachya Willd.]— (SALT REED-GRASS.)—Salt and brackish marshes, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to La. and Me. 3. S. ere ves Loisel. Stem rather 2 1-2 m. tall, leafy: leaf- bod ud. wide: spikes appressed, 5—15 e . lon ng: spikelets 10-14 mm. long, — eia alos ng the rachis, age PRAE rn glum e lemma sparingly pilos e first glume %4 as long as Ar ger the lemma 8-10 mm. long quum imbrieate, the eae a glabr n S. alterniflora "glab ra (S. "ous (Fl. SE. U. S.) S. glabra Muhl. T Salt. distin Coastal Plain and New Eng- land Coast, Fla. to Tex. and Me. 4, S. spartinae (Trin.) Merr. Stem 0.3-1 m. tall, in dense hard clumps, the reds wanting: panieles 10—20 em. long, strict: spikes on mostly 2-3 em. long: spikelets about 7 mm. long. [S. junciformis Engelm. & Gra a7] — Sandy marshes, cypress-ponds, pet alluvial flats, Coastal Plain, Fla. to —(Mema.) .5. S. Bakeri Merr. Stems in dense tufts: spikes few, 3—6 em. 128 appressed : first glume about 3 mm. long: second glume about 1 cm. long, acuminate: lemma about 6 mm. long, glabrous except the scabrous ih —Fresh water marshes, prairies, and borders of lakes, Coastal Plain, Fila. and Ga. 114 POACEAE 6. S. patens (Ait.) Muhl. Stem 0.3—0.9 m. oe rarely taller: page mostly 4—6, ascending, 2-5 cm. long: spikelets 7-10 mm. long. [S. juncea Willd.]— (SALT-GRASS. SALT MARSH-GRASS. ) — Salt mashes along the ome Fla. to Tex. and Newf.—(W. I.) 73. CAMPULOSUS Desv. Erect slender, rather tall perennials with soli- tary curved spikes. Spikelets several-flowered but with only one s floret, sessile and closely imbricate on one side of a continuous rachis, hill disarticulating above the glumes; first glume small, hyaline, aedis the second as long as the lemma, firm, 3- to 4-nerved, bearing on the back a strong divergent awn: lemmas rather papery, 3-nerved, villous on the lateral nerves and eallus, bearing a short straight awn on the back just below the apex, e first and second lemmas empty, the third enelosing a perfect flower, the upper to 3 empty and successively smaller. [Cteniwm Panz.]—Twe lve species, of m warmer regions; mostly American E M. GRASSES. Plant forming dense tussocks: second glume with a row of prominent glands on each side of the mid-nerve: awn stout, at maturity horizontal or nearly so: ligule about 1 mm. lon 1. C. aromaticus s with slender scaly rootstocks: second glume glandless or ith obseure glands: awn rather slender, not Boman Breeds ligule 2-3 mm. lon ng. 2. C. floridanus. 1. ©. aromaticus (Walt.) Trin. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall: old leaf-sheaths per- sistent and fibrillose at the base of the stem; leaf-blades flat or involute, stiff: spike 5-15 em. long: spikelets 5-7 mm. long. iei gai. Spreng. ]-—Da € pine- lands and swamps, p stal Plain id rarely adj. Kn Fla. to La. and Va.—Root- EE pungent. 2. C. ee À. ipid Esos aha preceding having eeping ro stock: ve dut 0.6-1 m. "tall: leaf m Jas m, mostly bee comin g p attenuate at the den Sab en e . long, 1-3 mm wide: spike 8-15 e eng. o often twisted; second glume Sinai or the glands ob- ure. [C. chapadensis (Fl. SE. U. S.)]— Pinelands, Fla. HLORIS Swartz. Tufted perennials or annuals with flat blades and f the stems. Spikelets with 1 perfect floret, sessile in 2 rows along one side of a continuous rachis, the rachilla produced beyond the MEAN. floret and bearin and, if more than one, the smaller ones enclosed in the lower, forming a usually club-shaped rudiment; unc somewhat unequal, the first shorter, narrow, acute: lemma keeled, usually broad, 1- to 5-nerved, often villous on the callus, and on the keel or marginal nerves, awned from between the short teeth of a bifid apex, the awn slender, sometimes obsolete: sterile lemmas awned or awn- less. [Eustachys Desv.]—Sixty species, in the warmer regions of both hemi- Spheres.—BRANCHING-FOXTAILS. FINGER-GRASSES. pressed; blades abruptly rounded at the tip. —EUSTACHYS. Lemma awnless or with an inconspicuous awn, dark-brown: leaf-sheaths much com- I. PETRAEAE. Lemma distinetly awned, pale.—CHLORIs. II. VIRGATAE. Ai A — à gL uan a ee ee A ecu POACEAE 115 I. PETRAEAE Spikes numerous (10-25) : second glume truncate, not notched. 1. C. glauca. durius rarely more than 6. mm. long: second glume mucronate from a notched pee 2. C. petraea. Spies 3 mm. long. Spikes 1 or 2, rarely 3. . C. floridana. SDikes 4 to 6, rarely more. . C. neglecta. Oo II. VIRGATAE Rudiment narrow: awns about 8 mm. lon b. C. Prieuri. Rudiment truncate, broadened above: awns 3-5 mm. lo Plants strongly stoloniferous: lemmas pilose on 'ne . C. Gayana. Plants without stolons: lemmas strongly ciliate-villous. 1. C. polydactyla. 1. C. glauca (Chapm.) Vasey. Stem stout, 50—150 em. tall, one or more nodes with opposite, d edd leaf-sheaths: leaf- blades as much as 1.5 em. wide: spikes 5-15 em. yn spikelets about 2 mm. long. [£. M Chapm. ]|—Brackish marshes, prairies, ei cypress swamps, Fla. to N. C. 2. C. petraea Swartz. Stem 30-100 cm. N tall: eed sheaths perd sie p blades 4—10 wide: spik 4—6, sub- erect, 4-10 em. long. "DE. pr Desv.] —Dry soil, hammocks, p and prai- ries, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.— W. I., Mez., C. A., .) 3. C. floridana (Chapm.) Vasey. Stem 40- 100 cm. tall: e sheaths not pi leaf- blades 4—8 wide: spikes erect, 5—10 em. long. [E. floridana Chapm. Dre sandy soil, woods, and old fields, Coastal Plain, N Fla. and Ga. 4. C. neglecta Nash. Similar to bd floridana, usually taller and stouter: leaf- exec commonly paired: spikes more numerous, usually longer. [E. neglecta ash ]—Open sandy ocd and an Fla. 5. C. ids Kunth. Perennial es stems 30-60 em. tall: es blades 2-3 wi ie es 2—8, erect, 5—8 em. long: sius lemma 2.5 mm. long, ciliate near Mu it: rudim ent na rrow, bearing 30 wns.—W aste ends Mobile, Ala., and Wilmington, N. C. Nat . of Africa. 6. C. Gayana Kunth. Plant d stout stolons & meter or more long: dun tufted, 100—150 id bon lea a des 3-5 mm. wide: spikes mostly a 2 raight, ascending o 6$ . long, 1 opulentis pilose.— died )—Fields and ddr various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Tex., aa "S Calif. Nat. of Afr. 7. C. s id Swartz. Perennial: ida 50-100 em. tall: leaf- irae as much as spikes s several to many, flexuous, tawny, mostly 8-1 m. long. ro. potes Nash] «Open sandy soil, S Fla (F. I 'g. A.) 75. GYMNOPOGON Beauv. Rigid perennials with short flat stiff blades, numerous stiff slender divergent spikes loosely scattered along the upper part of the stem, often deflexed at maturity. Spikes 1 or rarely 2-4-flowered, nearly sessile, appressed and usually remote in 2 rows, along 1 side of a slénder con- 116 POACEAE tinuous rachis, the rachilla prolonged behind the 1 or more fertile florets bear- ing a rudiment of a floret, this sometimes bearing 1 or 2 slender awns; glumes narrow, acuminate, l-nerved, usually longer than the floret; lemmas narrow, 3- nerved, the ioral nerves near the margin, the apex mace bifid, bearing between the teeth a slender awn, or rarely awnless.—Ten species, mostly Ameri- ean.—BEARD-GRASSES. Awn longer than the lemma: spikes floriferous from base. 1l. G. ambiguus. Awn shorter than the lemma or none. Spikes spreading or reflexed, naked for 1 to several cm. at base: leaf-blades spreading : spikelets 2-flowered. 2. G. brevifolius. Spikes ascending, approximate, floriferous from Bases leaf. blades ascending: spikelets 3-flowered (2-4-flower red), the florets zigzag. 3. G. Chapmanianus. : eo ambiguus (Miehx.) B. S. P. Stem 30-60 em. P Poi ra a 5-10 n "ndi yu em. Ea glumes 4-6 mm. long: . long i ds, 1G. cemo pela n hillsides, "Coastal Plain and N d— n adj. provinces, Fla. t Kans., and UP N. J. . G. brevifolius Trin. Resembles G. am- bigwus: stem more slender: leaf-blades nar- rower and shorter: spikes floriferous usually only the upper half or third.—Dry Meng Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. J. G. Chapmanianus A. Hitehe. Stem 30- relatively stout. — Sandy inge F Nb BOUTELOUA Lag. Low or rather tall bind Or €— with any spikes, or sometimes solitary, racemose on commo the dus few to many in each spike, pectinate or more ee ar- ranged and appressed, the rachis of the spike eee cone beyond the in- sertion of the spikelets. Spikelets 1-flowered, with the rudiments of 1 or more florets above, sessile in 2 rows along one side of the Mis. dn unequal, 1- nerved, acuminate or short-awned, the first shorter and narrower: lemma as long or often rather long awns, the internerves usually extending into teeth; palea sometimes 2-awned; rudiment various, usually 3-awned, a second rudimentary floret sometimes present. [Triathera Desv. Atheropoyon a olyodon B. K. c ou species, mostly North American.—MESQUITE-GRASSES. GRAMA- GRASSES Buke m zx M us entire: spikelets not pectinately ar- nge 1. B. curtipendula. Spikes persistent "thé "Hor ts falling, more than twice as long as spikelets pectinately arranged.—BOUTELOUA 2. B. hirsuta. 1. B. curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. Stem erect, 50-80 cm. tall: inflorescence 15-25 em. long, mostly 1-sided: spikes 1-2 cm. long, the peduncles recurved: POACEAE 117 spikelets 5-8: first glume 4—5 mm., the second 7 mm. long: JURE 3-awned, mm. long, the la ter al ones Sometimes obsol [A. cur pci Fourn.]—Hills, plains, barrens, prai 7 and rocky slopes, various p S. © i ? iow Mont., and Conn.—(Mez., C. A., 4.) | \ , B. hirsuta Lag. Stem erect, 20-50 e | tall: leaf- blades about 3 m wide, sparsely Ur e -pilose: spikes 14, usually M | 3.0 em. long, the D projecting FUR spikelets about 6 mm. lon ng: cond glume í a E et E [e] e nu doer -pilose. mS Brick unt )—Rocky hills, various provinces, Tex. to Calif., Eu and n; also in p lands, pen. Fla. eZ.) 77. ELEUSINE Gaertn. Annuals, with 2 to several rather stout spikes digitate at the summit of the culms, sometimes with 1 or 2 a short distance below, rarely with a single tormina Spike. Spikelets few- to several-flowered, com- rows along one of a er broad rachis, the latter not prolonged beyond the Spikelets; glumes unequal, rath oad, nerves close together forming a uppermost somewhat reduced.—Six species, natives of the warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. 1. E. indica (L.) Gaertn. e Ma apenas = prostrate, flattened, m 10—40 em. long: spikes 2.5-8 em. long: spikelets 3-5- das e, 5 . long: seed uu by ridges, loosely aie d in the pericarp.— GRA d Calif., Kaas. and Mass. Nat. of E. L—(W. I., Mes., C. A., S. A la. Eleusine tristachya Lam. Glabrous, tufted, the pus ve mostly not more than 25 em. long: spi ikes 2 = 3, thick, 1.5-3 long, often 1 em. wide: spikelets 5-9-flowered, 6-8 mm. long. — Ballast at "Mobile Ala., also in N. J. and Ore.—(58. A., Africa.) 78. DACTYLOCTENIUM Willd. Annuals or perennials with flat blades and 2 to several short thick spikes digitate at the summit of the culms. Spike- lets 3- to 5-flowered, compressed, sessile, elosely imbrieate in 2 rows along one side of the rather narrow flat rachis, the end projecting in a point beyond the spikelets; glumes somewhat unequal, broad, l-nerved, the first persistent upon the raehis, the second mueronate or short-awned below the tip, deciduous; 118 POACEAE emmas firm, broad, keeled, acuminate or short-awned, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves ie the upper floret panes palea about as long as the lemma; seed subglobose, ridged or wrinkled, enclosed in a thin, early disappearing SRM Three species, natives of Eurasia. 1. D. aegyptium (L.) Richt. Glabrous an- spreading or prostrate, often e lo rooting at the nodes: spikes 1.5-5 n umes scabrous on the keel, the second emmas cu ith a short awn: aegyptiacum Ms. Eleusine aegyptiaca Pers.] — (EGYPTIAN -G CRO GRASS.)—Waste- places, roadsides, and d cu Fla. t d various p nee o ATZ., Il., and Me. Nat of Eu —(W. I; Mez., C. a ) LEPTOCHLOA Beauv. niei or perennials with flat blades and numerous racemes, racemose along a axis forming a panicle. Spike- lets 2- to sip d gate or Pius a approximate or somewhat distant along one side of a slender rachis; glumes unequal or nearly equal, usually shorter ne the e lues awnless or mueronate, l-nerved: lemm obtuse or acute, sometimes 2-toothed and mucronate or short-awned from be- tween the teeth, 3-nerved, the nerves sometimes pubescent. [ Diplachne Beauv.]—Twenty species, in the warmer parts of both hemispheres.— FEATHER-GRASSES. SALT-GRASSES. MADE perennial. mmas broad, notched at apex, the lateral bad ool 1. L. dubia. Ioue acute or awned, the lateral nerves pubesc Lemmas ies ue ‘only lowest with short Sene plants smooth, glau 2. L. virgata. Lemmas 2 nod. ?the awn as long as or longer than the ed : leaf- sheaths and blades sparsely pilose, not glau- 3. L. domingensis. Plant an ual. Sheaths P spikelets moe 4. L. filiformis. Sheaths smooth or scabrous, not pilose DEAT awn 5. L. fascicularis. Lemmas awnless or mucronate only. 6. L. floribunda. 1. L. ay di B. K.) Nees. Stem erect, 30-100 cm. tall: leaf-blades as ch as . wide: racemes several, ascending, 5—15 cm. long, seattered: spikel 5-102 mm. long, 5-8-flowered, rarely j E y 2-flo d: lemmas broad, Aa or JT EI ginate, sometimes mucronate between A uM the lob [D. dubia Benth. ]— (SPRANGLE. ) S/N —Plains, hills, and rocky woo a various UN provinces, Fla.; Tex. to Ariz.—(Mez., S. A.) N cm 2. L. virgata (L.) Beauv. Stem wiry, „=al erect, slender, xod em. tall: leaf- Papa m : racemes 10-15 l | ae ascending, “ax ` gpikelet m. p ong: lemmas 2-2.5 mm. long.—Sandy soil, — E a ea, and dir Coastal Plain, i e S Fla. and S Tex—(W. I. Mex, C. A. | Æ S. A.) | POACEAE 119 3. L. domingensis (Jacq.) Trin. Resembles L. virgata: d -o racemes shorter, usually more numerous, more closely flowered. [D. domingensis Chapm.]—Sandy soil, S Fla.— — (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 4. L. filiformis (Lam.) Beauv. Stem 40-80 em. tall, sometimes racemes 20—40, grag 4 I ading, — slender, lax, 5-10 cm. long: spikelets about 3 mm. —4-flowered: lemmas awnles [L. cronata Kunth. L. attenuata N S * meade, End, bottoms and d hills, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Ill, and Mass.— —(W. I., Mez., C. A., 8. A.) L. fascicularis n .) A. Gray. Plant smooth: stem erect, spreading or rd ar 20-100 em. long: leaf-blades 3-5 mm. wide, usually involute: panieles lon the as much as 25 em. base dr um the upper sheath, t emes 8—12 em. oe at first ascending, finally spreading: spikelets 6—12-flowered: lemmas da . long, in es id Scent poit the awn sometimes as long as the lem "TD. fas bu aris D. minata Nash D. procumbens ash ]—Brackish soil Eine the Puig ead oif places in the interior, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., S. D., and N. H. 6. L. floribunda Doell Stem 60-100 em. tall: leaf-blades lax, Cee 5-10 mm. wide, scaberulous: panicles e. rather compact, 10-20 v m. long, the numerous racemes ascending, pe ong: De re a S 4—5 mm. lon ng, 5—7-flow- ered: lemmas 3 mm. long. [D. H alei N ash ]— en Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, S Miss. to Tex., and S Ind. ice eee introduted. —(£. A.) 6a. Leptochloa ss (Pres!) Hitehe. & Chase. Annual, densely tufted: stems ascending to subereet, 50— em. tall: leaf-blades narrow, subinvolute: e Gene Ter peus , 15- 30 em. long, the numerous spikes stiffly ascending: spikele dy em. long, 6-9-flowered, = lemmas obtuse, minutely mucronate.— lem den La. to Cal. (Mez., C. A 8. 4 80. MONANTHOCHLOE Engelm. A creeping wiry dioecious perennial, with clustered short subulate leaves, the spikelets at the ends of the short branches only a little exceeding the leaves. Spikelets 3- to 5-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating tardily in pistillate spikelets: glumes wanting: iS cin the back, convolute, narrow iu ape those of the rid s de i alea narrow, in the elow.—Two species, both American. 1. M. littoralis Engelm. Branches mod merda ere S Fla., S Tex., and S alit qm. I., Mex., L8 A.) 81. ARUNDO L. Tall perennial reeds with broad linear blades and large plume-like terminal panicles. Spikelets several-flowered,. the rachilla glabrous, articulate above the glumes and between the florets; glumes some- what unequal, membranaceous, 3-nerved, narrow, tapering into a slender point, 120 | POACEAE about as long as the spikelet: lemmas thin, 3-nerved, densely long-pilose, gradu- ally narrowed at the summit, the nerves ending in slender teeth, the middle one longer, extending into a oce a florets successively smaller, the summi all about equal.—Six species, native of "s warmer parts of the Old Wor A. Donax L. Ste much a ; tall, branching, the rootstocks thick, DES and knotty: lea af-blades uch as 7 c wide, ur on E bran Eon "uud alee panicle 30-60 em. long: spikelets about 12 Tex., Calif., and Va. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I., ex., C. A., S. A.) 82. PHEAGMITES ge Perennial reeds with broad linear flat blades and large terminal pan Spikelets e flowered, the rachilla clothed with long silky hairs, apne ulating above the glumes and at base of each joint between the florets, the lowest floret one or ae MNA 3-nerved or the upper 5-nerved, lanceolate, acute, the upper shorter than the florets, the lower about half lon . the upper lemmas narrow, rani e ue 4 A 3-nerved, the florets successively smaller, the YL Y su ts of all about equal: palea much mmits o shorter than the lemma.—tThree species, the following cosmopolitan. 1. P. Phragmites (L.) : 1 ch as 5 cm. wide: eps 15—40 em. long: spikelets 234 mm. long. [P. communis Trin. ]}—(COMMON- EED. )—Marshes, swamps, and wet SM various dao nearly "throughout e S. Can W. I., I - and - 7 ex he A., S. A., O. W. cd deus arundinacea (L.) Heuw. has escaped in v pl aces in B Cla. It a large reed resembling Phragmites; PORNO woolly at the throat: panicle 30 z 50 cm. long: spikelets 4—8-flowered, 6-8 mm. long; lemmas long-villous on the margin, with 2 short f : rupe Hips with an awn between. Nat. of Madagascar and S. Asia. Cult. for ornament. 83. TRIODIA R. Br. Erect tufted oda. rarely stoloniferous, the leaf-blades usually flat, the inflorescence an open or contracted panicle. Spike- lets several-flowered, the rachilla HOA ds above the glumes and between the florets: glumes hor cian en often thin, subequal, the first sometimes narrower, l-nerved or the second rarely 3- to 5-nerved, acute or acuminate: lemmas broad, rounded on the back, the apex from minutely emarginate or toothed to deeply and obtusely lobed, 3-nerved, the midnerve excurrent be- tween the lobes as a minute point, the lateral nerves near the margin often POACEAE exeurrent as minute points, all the nerves pubescent ob the lateral ones sometimes conspicuously so throughout: palea broa margin, sometimes villous. [Erion euron Nash Rho Se sea ere res species, natives of temperate regions.—SAND-GRASSES. Pedicels more than 1 mm. long, often eid than the spikelet. Lateral nerves of the lemma excurre CC poe with the branches A eadine or ascending, na inc narrow, contracted or spike-like, the branches appresse Lateral nerves of the lemma disappearing at the margin, not excurrent: lemma about 2 mm. long. Pedicels less than - Panicle open Pa ail cle dense, elongate. 1. T. flava (L.) A. Hitche. Stem 100—200 em. tall, very pal. s à along cm. iong, the upper part and in the panieles: panicle 20-45 oe or b E (smaller, the branches stiffly ascending in T. dd Chap. Fla and S. C.) : spike- o Mex., Mo., TA DE ides pale, 7-8 mm. long, 5-8- flowered: lemmas 3-4 mm. long, minutely emarginate, the nerves pubescent ir ex- ent. [Triodia cuprea Jacq Tridens ite: Nash]— (TALL RED- mo. —Dry fields, open woods, roadsides, and waste- places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr. and N. H. T. Drummondii Scribn. & me earn. Stem half of the nerves, all the nerves RAT as mucros.—Pinelands and and S. C. grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. 3. T..eragrostoides Vasey & Scribn. Stems tufted, slender, 60—100 em. tall: panicle as much as 40 cm. long, the br dE distant, AUR Or donum. as mu : lem emargi nerv eh as 15 em. ndr ace oblon minutely pilose bel midnerve excurrent. [Tridens Nash|—Dry grounds, pm Plain, S Fla. and Tex.—(W. I., Mex 4. T. Elliottii Bush. Stem 60-120 em. tall: panicle ae em. long, the P qiia ascending: spikelets along the main branches of the panicle: lemmas 4—5 long, prominently villous on the lower n ME the nerves, emarginate, obtuse, all the nerves slightly exeurrent. [Trid Langloisi Nas Schult. Triodia ambigua Vasey ]—Low Sede Coastal Plain, Fla. to and S. C. T. stricta (Nutt.) Benth. Stem strict, | stout, 1-1. a m. tall: lados elongate, flat or loosely involute, 3-8 m wide: pan or less interrupted de narrowed abo ve, 10- 20 4 em. long: s 4— w- ered, about 5 mm. long.—Low moist ground and low woods, various ced Ala. to Tex., E and i 84. TRIPLASIS Beauv. Slender tutted annuals or perennials, with short blades, short open few-flowered purple panicles, narrow eleistogamou in the swollen leaf-sheaths, those in the lower leaves reduced to single 1-flowered 122 POACEAE spikelets. Spikelets few-flowered, the whe ce the rachilla slender, dis- id above the glumes and. betw the florets; glumes subequal, l-nerved, acute; lemmas narrow, 3-nerved, 2. “tobe , the nerves parallel, ; the donum pair near the margin, the midnerve CUR as an awn as long as the lobes or longer: palea oet than the lemma, the keels densely long-ciliate on the upper half.— Three species, natives of the United States.—SAND-GRASSE Lobes e: ond subulate-pointed: awn longer than the body: peren 1. T. americana. Lobes of cena not subulate-pointed : o . Awn about 3 mm. long: lobes of jemnis narro OW. 2. T. intermedia. Awn scarcely exceeding the rounded, broad, lobes of lemma. 3. T. purpurea. T. ricana Bea Stem Spr reading, 30—70 em. tall: panicle 2-5 em. mu the | Peaches eerie usually only 1-3 spikelets about 1 em. long: glumes about 5 mm. long, narrow, acuminate: lemmas cleft to the middle or below, | ensely pubescent below W, scabrous above.— andy soil, pinelands and sandy ridges, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C. T. intermedia Nash. Stem decumbent- ipud soil, Fla. to Tex. and T. rpurea . (Walt.) Chapm. Stem e or ascending, 30—80 em. long: paniele 3-7 em. long, the few B i pepe: ikele o lemmas about 3 mm. long, e at “the eui the obtuse lobes less than 1 mm long. [T7. sparsiflora Cha NE rd GRASS.)— Sandy soil, Coastal Plain and New En * Coast, Fla. and N. H., and Great Lake Lowland, Minn. to Mie 85. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. Annuals or perennials of various habit, the inflorescence an open or contracted panicle. elets few-many-flowered, the florets inn closely imbricate, the rachilla disartieulating above the glumes and between the florets, or continuous, the lemmas deciduous, the paleas persistent; pius somewhat unequal, Pd than the first lemma, acute or acuminate, 1-nerved, or the second rarely 3-nerved: lemmas acute or acuminate, keeled or rounded on the back, 3-nerved, the nerves usually prominent; kee of the palea sometimes ciliate.—O undred species, in temperate and tropical regions generally.—LOVE-GRASSES. SKUNK-GRASSES. MEADOW-GRASSES Plant perennial. Spikelets 2.5-4 mm Panicle narrow : aen sharp-pointed. I. SECUNDIFLORAE. Panicle wide, open: florets acute or acuminate but not sharp-pointed. II. REFRACTAE. e T 5 mm. wide. III. BAHIENSES. Plant annu tem Pn 'stoloniferous and creeping. IV. HYPNOIDES. Stem erect, or decumbent at ed but 29 Soe Tous: Palea conspicuously ciliate: panicle narrow. V. CILIARES. Palea not conspicuously ciliate. Spikelets nearly sessile, mostly more than 20-flow- ered, somewhat clustered along the main axis or along the short spreading branches. VI. SIMPLICES. POACEAE 123 Spikelets pedicelled, few-many-flowered, not clus- Panicle contracted, the numerous branches ap- d: spikelets minute, tawny or strami- l VII. GLOMERATAE. Panicle open, the branches spreading. VIII. PILOSAE. SECUNDIFLORAE Plant more or less tufted, the stem with a very short branch- l . . ing base, the spikelets in contracted or open panicles. 1. E. secundiflora. II. REFRACTAE Panicle conspicuously purple, many-fowered, Cis flowered toward the usually included bas 2. E. spectabilis. Renice plumbeous, tawny or pont (sometimes purplish in a reel) rather loosely few-flowered in proportion to Branches, branchlets, and pedicels capillary, stiff, fragile, t flexuous : E Rd usually more than 10- flowered, distinetls flatten Lateral spikelets eee edicelled, appressed: axils of. panicle-branches bearded. 3. E. refracta. Lateral Do on Blender spreading pedicels: axils ally not 4. E. Elliott. Branches, branchlets, and Da flexuous : spikelets flat r turgid, less than 10-flowered. Leaf-blades strongly papillose-villous, 5. E. trichocolea. Leaf-blades not villou Stems mostly less ‘than 50 cm. tall: sheaths gla- brous, e Rene on margins: blades folded or invo- lute, s 6. E. lugens. Stems moy more than 50 cm. tall: sheaths hir- sute: blades flat, elongate. 7. E. hirsuta. III. BAHIENSES Plant with a stout tufted base, narrow erect leaves, and numerous spikelets in a narrow panicle. 8. E. bahiensis. IV. HYPNOIDES Plant extensively branching and creeping; forming a carpet, E: Sp MS borne in numerous open or compact small icles 9. E. hypnoides. V. CILIARES Lemmas 1 mm. long: hairs on palea 0.5 mm. long. 10. E. ciliaris. Lemmas 0.7 mm. long: hairs on palea 0.2-0.3 mm. long. 11. ZL. amabilis. Plant low, in dense tufts, very leafy at the base, the short panicle-branches spreading or reflexed, the spikelets rela- tively large. 2. E. simplex. VII. GLOMERATA Plant tall, more or less branched at the base, Su flat leaf- blades and plume-like panicles with numerous minute spike- Jets. 3. E. glomerata. VIII. PILOSAE Spikelets mostly not over 5-flowered. lant e dan branched from "he base: panicle diffuse, pale or : pedicels mostly over 5 mm. lon 14. E. capillaris. Plant e. or spreading, branched A Um the base: panicle oblong, the branchlets rather crowded, usually purple: pedicels usually less than 5 mm. long. - 15. E. Prank. Spikelets mostly more than 5-flowere Spik = ovate to oblong, many-flo wered, more than 3 mm. e, the Pos elosely imbricate. Florets nearly horizontal, not glandular 16. E. unioloides. Florets ascending: lemmas glandular on the keel. 17. E. cilianensis. Spikelets ative distant not over 2 mm. wide, the florets istan spikele sim mm. wide: branches of panicle more or less us. 18. E. pilosa. spikelets 1.5 mm. wide or more: axils of panicle- branches usually not pilose. 124 POACEAE oo appressed along the spreading branchlets, 1.5 mm. wide. 19. E. pectinacea. Spikelets ‘not appressed ; pedicels spreading or as- cendin spars ti of leaf-blades and sometimes other por- tio of the plant beset with glandular de- pre wd sions. 20. E. Eragrostis. ida D. ne DEI not glandular Lem ong; stems 10 'to 20 cm. tall, spreading or decumbent at base. 21. E. teprosanthos. Lemmas about 2 mm. long; stems 30 to 50 : . long, erect. 22. E. limbata. a E. secundiflora Presl. Stem as much as 80 cm. tall: panicle pps pud . long, the short pcne dapi. Or appressed spikelets oblong, fow ered: lemmas 3-5 . long, pointed. [E. oxylepis Torr. JSandy soll, mostly on plains, eric piu. Ala. to S Calif. and Kan.— —(Menz.) 2. E. spectabilis Sent pia end in dense Sti clumps: ste or end- ing, 30-80 em. tall: leaf. otk o or pilose, densely pilose at the throat: paniele usually more than half the entire height of stem, the branches LUC in the ares the whole finally breaking away as tumble-weed: spikelets 5— 15 flowered.— Open sandy places, old cx and roadaides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ariz., Minn., and Me.—(Mez.) E. refracta (Muhl.) Seribn. Stem 30-96 em. tall: leaf-sheaths glabrous, sparingly villous at b throat: blades 2—4 mm. wide: ap ie e 20-50 cm. lon ng, t T bran P remote: spikelets 6-25- flowered, 6-12 mm. long: lemmas acumin [ E. camp a refracta B E. campestris Trin. J —Sandy as Ten pinelands, river-banks, and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Del 4. E. Elliottii S. Wats oe E. refracta: spikelets linear, as much a 2 em. long, ^ ids 5-15 m m. long.—Sandy Lodi and prairies, Coastal Plain, Fla. Tex. and N. C.—(W. I., Mez.)—8H. ta A. Hitche. differs in —( the ur “which are 8-12 mm. long, and the ieee lemmas 3 mm. long. —S pen. Fla. 5. E. trichocolea Hack. & Are Stem erect or geniculate at pad 20—40 em. tall: leaves villous, or a heath glabrate, the blades 2-3 wide: panicle comprising one-third to RAD the length of the EE E as bro E. E se i i i ikele long, 3-6-flowered: lemmas about 2 mm. long. [E floridana A. Hitehe. . E. TIU (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]—Pinelands, pen. Fla.—(S. A.) . lugens Nees. Stem erect, 30—70 em. tall: leaf-sheaths glabrous or sparsely pilose, prominently pilose at the throat: blades flat or loos ely in volute: panicle one-third to Bd the entire height of the p p branches l ng, long, rather stiffly spreading or ending: spikelets oblon 8—7 -flowered, the i4 as us as the spikelet or longer, rond E P acute, about 1.5 long: lemmas 2 mm. long.—Dry grounds, La. o Calif. Nat. in Coastal Plain of Ga. and Ala.—(Mez., C. A., 8. A.) 7. E. hirsuta nq Nees. Stem erect, 60—120 em. tall: eae ae as much as 80 em. long, the Branches finally widely e as mu s 25 long, sparingly en e in the axils: lemmas about 2 co long E fields and open woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and S POACEAE 125 E. bahiensis d Stem a. 30-50 em. tall: panicle 7-12 em. s the branches as mueh as 5 c ong, dieses px lets linear, 1 em. long, many-flowered: pee poe * mm. long, aeute.—On ballast, Pensacola, Fla., and Mobile, Ala., and in La. Nat. of S. ^. 9. E. hypnoides (Lam.) B. S. P. Stem much-branched, prostrate- E rooting at the nodes, bk TA -bearing branches erect or ascending, 5 m. ard leaf- oda Er ong: paniele nearly simple, rather compact, Md ver long: pope pale. linear, 10—35-flo owered, 5-15 mm. long: mul oboe keeled.—Moist sandy dee ooo "EOS lakes, s wet sandy slopes, various provinces, Fla. o Tex, N. D., and Vt.; Wash. Calif—(W. I., Mes., C. A., 8. A.) 10. E. ciliaris ore Link, Stem oo or.spreading, as much as 50 cm. tall: b as muc em. long, compact and spikelike or sometimes rather : Spikelets rats dos red, 3 Ju mm. long.—Sandy roadsides and waste- puce Coastal Plain, Fla. p Tex. and N. J.— (WF. I., Mez., C. A., 8. A.) = E. amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn. Stem erect or spreading, as much as 40 m. tall: panicle as much as 10 em. long: spikelet ets 4—8-flowered, 1-2 mm long. LE. d vom —Waste-places, cult. grounds, and roadsides, Fla., Tex. —(W. I., Mes., C. A., 8. A.) 12. E. simplex Scribn. Stem erect or spreading, as much as 50 em. tall: panicle iu m. Ls a few aloe branches, the lower finally reflexed: s pike- lets linear: lemmas 1.5 mm. long.—Waste- -places, roadsides, and fields, Coastal Ga. 13. E. glomerata iar L. H. Dewey. Stem erect, 25-80 em. tall: a pale, as ae = m. long, the sauce crowded bran ches as much a long: spikelets 5—10- feet lemmas about 1 mm. long, hyaline , the vic visible dpud them. [E. conferta "Trin. 2 places, a and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.— (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 14. E. capillaris (L.) Nees. Stem s slender, erect, 15-60 e all or more: paniele more than half the entire height of the plant, oblong: rg the capil- lary branches spreading: spikelets 2-3 mm. long, on long divergent pedicels: lemmas about 1.5 mm. long.—(LACE-GRASS. eee e soil, fields, woods, river-banks, and prairies, m provinces, Ga. to Tex., Ia., and Me. 15. E. Frankii (Fisch. Mey. & Lall.) Steud. Stem 15-40 em. tall: leaf-sheaths glabrous: panicle less than half the entire height. of plant, the sho dd branches spreadin T Ei 2-3 mm. long on ostly appressed pedicels: lemmas scarcely over 1 mm. ong.—Low w ground, sande, river-banks, fields, aa barrens, various oe Fla. to Miss., Minn., nd N. H. 16. E. unioloides (Retz.) Nees. Stem 30-50 em. Fen E pins ee 5-15 em. long: spikelets 5-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide: flor ong, falling entire from ha continuous raehilla. —Roadsides, Cae Pisin N N Plana nd Ga. of Asi E. cilianensis (All) Link. Stem erect or spreading, 20-80 cm. tall: pani- de greenish or plumbeous, 5—15 cm. long, "pud densely flowered: spikelets 5—15 ES ng, 10—40- 2.0m owered: lemmas about mm. long, the lateral nerves promi- ne [E. major Host. E. megastachya Link Waste plaees, fields, and road- sides, U. 8. nd SE Can. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I s Mex., C. A., S. A.) 8. E. pilosa (L.) Beauv. Stem erect or "— ing, 20-60 em. tall: paniele oblong. -elliptie, 5-20 em. long, the lower branches usually E. pilose in the axils: spikelets linear, mostly 4-6 mm. long, 5-10-flowered: first glume 0.5 126 POACEAE . long, the second 1 mm. long: lemmas about 1.3 mm. long, 0.3 mm. wide: earyopsis 0.5—0.7 mm. long. — Waste- -places and roadsides, various Sru Fla. o Tex. and Me. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., 8. A.) pectinacea (Michx.) Nees. Hesembles E. pilosa: axils of panicle- branches pide Or d lower sparingly ps spikelets 1.5 mm. wide: first glume 1m dic. ond 1.5 mm. long: lemma 1.7 mm. long, 0.5 m wide, the lateral 7 dne pham minent: caryopsis lm mm. long, light brown, "faintly alveolate. [E. Purshii Schrad.]—Fields, waste- -places, and moist open grounds, arious eee eres Fla. to Tex., Calif., Wash., and Me.—(Mez a 20. E. oe (L.) Beauv. Resembles E. cilianensis: stem mostly decum- bent at base, 10-30 em. tall: panicle mostly less than 10 cm. long, rather com- pactly flowered, the branches” and niri divergent: Equo d about 2 mm wide. [E. minor Host.]—W infrequent in widely separated localities throughout U. S. Nat. of Eu OY T 21. E. tephrosanthos Schult. Stem spreading or decumbent at base, usually lax, as much as 30 cm. long: panicle dx ai than 10 cm. long, the branches ascending or spre eine the lower a y less than 4 em. long.—Waste-places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I. C. A.) 22. E. bus sg Stem mostly erect, 30-50 em. tall: panicle erect, open, 10-30 . long, the branches, bran chlets, and pedicels ascending, flexuous, R in the axils, the pedicels mostly 2-3 times as long as the spikelets.— T moist ground, Sanibel Island, Fla.; various provinces, W Tex. to S Calif. (Mez., C. A., S. A.) 86. MELICA L. Rather tall perennials, with closed sheaths, flat blades, narrow or sometimes open, usually simple panicles. Spikelets 2- to several- flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets, prolonged beyond the perfect florets and bearing at the apex 2 or 3 gradually smaller empty lemmas, convolute together or the upper enclosed in the lower: lumes somewhat unequa al, thin, often mma membranaceous or rat n rm, see ae. d sometimes conspicuously so, awn- in —Sixty species, in the cooler a "i tod hemispheres.—M ELIC-GRASSES. HONEY-GRASSES. mutica Walt. Stem as much as 1 m. B SE RUE ies blades 2-10 mm. wide: aes 2 . lon Ra oc ng, few-flowered: spikele Arx erm . lon PAS odding.—Dry woods, river-banks, and pond-borders, zie NICE aed Coastal Plain, " Fla. to Tex., Ia. and Md. 87. DIARINA Raf. Slender perennials with rootstocks, broadly linear, flat blades, long-tapering below, and narrow, few-flowered panicles. Spikelets few-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the POACEAE 127 florets; glumes unequal, acute, shorter than the lemmas, the first 1-nerved, the second 3- to 5- nerved; lemmas chartaceous, pointed, 3-nerved, the nerves con- verging in the point, the TE floret re- duced; palea chartaceous, obtuse, at ma- turity the lemma and palea dcs Spread by the large turgid beaked caryopsis with hard shining pericarp.—Two species, the fol- lowing, and one in Asia. zt D. festucoides Raf. is d hore .t n: leaves nearly as stem, g er wide: panicle ae simple, 10—25 m n: ao 10-15 mm. long, the pedi- pem shor Dia incl rica Bea Koryc "us diandrus Kun zo] -Rich w woo de, Interior dd PS tea We and pre Lowland, Tenn. to 3 Sw D 88. UNIOLA L. Rather tall erect perennials with flat or sometimes invo- lute blades and narrow open panicles of compressed sometimes very broad fiat spikelets. Spikelets p to many-flowered, the lower 1 to 4 lemmas empty, a mucronate; lemmas compressed, sometimes conspicuously flattened, chartaceous, many-nerved, the nerves join S obscure, usually acute or Vii the empty ones at the base usua gis successi B maller, the uppermost reduced; palea rigid, sometimes bowed-out on the winged keels.—Nine specie, North American.—SPIKE-GRASSES. SPANGLE-GRASSES. Panicle droopin Leaf-blades broad flat. I. LATIFOLIAE. Leaf-blades narrow, involute. II. PANICULATAE. Panicle erect, contr acted or somewhat open. III. LAXAE. I. LATIFOLIAE Slender wood-grass with flat blades and very flat many-flow- ered green spikelets. 1. U. latifolia. II. PANICULATAE Stout dune-grass with a heavy rather dense panicle and many- flowered stramineous spikele ets. 2. U. paniculata. III. LAXAE Spikelets not over 7 mm. wide: leaf-blades and panicles elon- ate. Collar and usually sheaths diens pubescent. 9. U. longifolia. Collar and sheaths glabrou 4. U. taxa.. Spikelets 1 cm. or more wide: T blades not elongate. Panicle not over 10 em. long: spikelets crowd 5. U. ornithoryncha. Panicle usually 10-20 cm. long: spikelets not crowded. 6. U. nitida. 1. U. latifolia ro Stem 60-150 cm. tall, leaf-blades commonly 15 mm. wide: erage 10-25 em. long, Ari i the Se t e bearing a few broad fi t spikelets as much a m. long: . long.— PX d slopes and stream banks various Merle ma s ‘Tex, "Kane, and Mas 198 POACEAE 2. U. paniculata L. Stems in dense clumps, stout, 100-150 em. tall: leaf- pg involute 0-30 long: un pi © long.—(SEA-0AT. EACH- GRASS. e a sands and dunes, Coastal Me Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—(W. I., Mez., C. A, 8. A.) (/ PN rN, 3. U. longifolia Scribn. Stems in clumps, NS 80—120 cm. tall: leaf-blades flat, 6-12 mm \ n e: pan 0-40 em. 1 the branches / à mostly distant, short and app ed, or t lower asee bes sI - aua 3—4-flowe dl 6 ! m. long: ong.—JDry S nay soil, woods, End m n ng Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and Va. a (L.) B Stem 60- 120 em. tall: leaf-blades 3-7 mm. wide: panico 15-40 em. iu. s slender branches erect: spikelets 3-6-flowered, 5—7 mm. lon [U. gracilis Michx.]—Sandy soil, woods, swamps, n meadows and dins Coastal Plain and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla. and Long Id., N. Y. Plants in elumps. 5. U. ornithoryncha Steud. Stem 100—150 em. tall, ponent from short slender rootstocks: leaf-blades 4-7 mm. wide, rarely ove ri5c ong: pan d 4—8 cm long: spikelets 8—10 mm. long.—Low woods, Coastal Plain Ala. to 6. U. nitida Baldw. Stem 50—150 cm. tall, from a pn rootstock: paniele 10-15 em. long, the branches spreading or ascending: spikelets 1-1.5 e m. long.— Low woods and stream-banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. and S. o. 89. DISTICHLIS Raf. Low dioecious Lite dan with extensively creep- ing sealy rootstocks, erect, rather rigid stem , and short dense rather few- Bower’ panicles: s spikelets several- to many- er re rachilla of the pistil- r int: lemmas closely imbrieate, firm, the pis ds coriaceous, the margins bowed out near TS acute or acutish, 3-nerved, with several intermediate nerves or striations: palea as lon lemma or shorter, the pistillate coriaceous.— Six species, mostly American.—SALT-GRASSES. SPIKE-GRASSES. ALKALI-GRASSES. 1. D. spicata (L.) Greene. Stem erect, 15- 60 em. tall: leaf-sheaths overlapping, the blades usually conspicuously distichous, rig- idly ascending: panicle 2-6 cm. mare - spike- lets 8-18 mm. ine. [D. maritima Raf.]— (MARSH SPIKE-GRASS. mi agree along the coast, and alkaline soil in the interior, nearly throu ughout U. S.— C. A., S. A4.)— . Il, Mex —Briza minor L. has been incod: in Fla, Ala., and. S. C. It is POACEAE 129 an s with erect pyramidal panieles, maniar several-flowered spikelets, 3 mm. long, on curved pedicels; also Va., Ark., Cal, Ore.—Nat. Eu. 90. DACTYLIS L. An erect perennial with flat blades. Spikelets few- flowered, compressed, finally disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets, ni sessile in dense l-sided fasci- hese borne at the en the few panicle- -branehes: glumes aie ae carinate, acute, hispid-ciliate on the keel; lemmas com- pressed-keeled, mucronate, 5- Were. eiliate on the keel.—T wo species, native of Eurasia. 1. D. glomerata L. Stems in large often ri tufts, ad em. tall: leaf- ee rous: pan 8-15 em. long, fe sim pipe prs spreading in anthesis ect in fruit.—(ORCHARD-GRAS aste- pikes olds and orchards, ranging from the Piedm of Ala. northward ae the cooler a of the U. $8. f Eu. 91. POA L. Annuals or usually perennials, low or rather tall, with spike- lets in open or contracted panicles, the narrow linear blades ending in a navicular point. Spikelets 2- several-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets, the uppermost floret reduced or rudimentary; glumes acute, keeled, somewhat unequal, the first 1-nerved, the second usually 3-nerved: lemmas somewhat keeled, acute or acutish, piss s, membranaceous, e some- what searious at the tip, 5-nerved, the nerves somewhat pubescent.— Two hundred species, in cool and a eae regions generally. os -GRASSES. PEAR-GRASSES. Plant annual, low, usually less than 25 cm. tall. I. ANNUAE. Plan nt perennial, taller Creeping POELO pr resent. II. PRATENSES. Creeping rootstock wanting. III. TRIVIALES. I. AN Florets with cottony hairs at base: ‘lemmas inane 3-nerved, the intermediate nerves obscure. 1. P. Chapmaniana. Florets not cottony at base: lemmas 5-nerved, the inter- mediate nerves distinct. 2. P. annua. II. PRATENSES Stem distinctly ges wiry: plant blue green. . P. compressa. Stem terete or nearl Plant dioecious: es icle silvery. . P. arachnifera. Plant is perfect “spikelets panicle not silvery. Lea about as long as the stem ; panicle few diowered, ender Tae spikelet-bearing near the ends. . P. cuspidata. E Shorter than the m ms: panicles pyramidal, the spikelets rather erow . P. pratensis. III. TRIVIALES Leaf-sheaths scabrous: panicle pale. . P. trivialis. Leaf- oe smooth. Lem n cottony at the base, pubescent below between the uo es. . P. autumnalis. Lemmas PUN Panicle-branches spikelet bearing from about the middle. . P. sylvestris. Panicle-branches bearing a few spikelets near the ends. Marginal nerves glabrous. . P. alsodes. Marginal nerves pubescent. . P. Wolfii. 130 POACEAE is WS Mp re Seribn. Plants yellowish-green: stem mostly erect: nerves of lemma pubescent. [P. c laid M rus Fl.) |—Dry open grounds, prairies and ee a Coastal Plain a . pr o- vinces, Fla. to Tex., Ia., and kh b 2. P. a L. Plants peur glossy green: stem aie spreading: e pyramidal, 38-8 cm. long: Peat x v i pue 4 mm. long: n ves of lem su = be- low.— (Six €: K’S ee: PEAR- GRASS. )—-Open prts throughout N. A. Nat. of Eu.— (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 3. P. compressa L. Stem wir y, 20—60 e tall, geniculate at base: panicle ed 2-8 ng: spikelets crowded, 4—6 . lon ng, 3- 6- flowered; lemmas obscurely id Spar- ingly cottony at base, the nerves pubese ent below.—(CANADA BLUE-GRASS.)—Dry peace soils, from Ga. and Okla. north- ward, “nearly throughout N. A. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.) P. ara acy pein Torr. E 30-80 em. tall: panicle 5-15 em. long: spike- TR several-flowered: lemmas 4-5 mm. long, the nae woolly on the nerves and copiously cottony at t ba se.— [P. glabrescens Nash, the staminate form. |— Dry grounds, pinelands, prairies, and cult. gro ane ‘Coastal Plain, Tex. and Okla. Naturalized coe Fla. to Miss. and S. C. 5P. e id Stem 30-50 cm. tall: panicle i em. long: spikelets exer the ace villous all over TP. brach yphytla md ult: P. brevifolia Muhl.]—Rocky woods and stream- -banks, various provinees N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ky. and N. J 6. P. pratensis ux c up to 100 em. bond o pyramidal, 5-20 cm. long: spikelets 4-5 mm. long, 8-5-flowered: lemmas 3 mm. long, cottony at base, the nerves Dubois ent. i KENTUCKY B Puer E eui )—Open grounds and ui. nearly throughout N. A. (Zurasia.)—(W. I.) 7. P. trivialis L. Stem erect from a decumbent base, up to 100 em. long, scabrous below the panicle: panicle 6-15 em. long: spikelets 2-3-flowe iu He mm. ae - as I Roue Cu. Plain, La. to S. D., "Na. and Que. Nat. of Eu. P. autumnalis Muhl. Stem 30-100 em. tall: leaf-blades 2-3 mm. wide: ana "8-20 c m. long: spikelets 4—6-flowered, about 6 mm. long. E d da Muhl. ]— Woods and swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ill, and N 9. P. sylvestris A. Gray. Stem 30—100 cm. tall: panicle 10-20 cm. long, rather xu the mates Roni whorled, often reflexed: spikelets 2—4-flowered, 2.5—4 m. long: lem 2.5 mm. long, pubescent on the keel: glumes widely 2e ing at maturity. — Rich woods and stream-banks, various provinces, N Fla. Tex., Wis., and N. Y. 10. P. alsodes A. Stem 20- s em. ove leaf-blades 2 wide: Pa e em. long, the branches ’s or 4’s: spikelets 2-3 T about o mm. long: lemmas ETE nerved, ed on the keel below.—Wooded “slopes, Blue > Ridge and more northern provinces, N. C. and Tenn. to Minn, and POACEAE 131 ll: PR. biet Seribn. Stem slender, 50—100 em. tall: leaves mostly basal, blades wide: panicle 8-15 em. long: spikelets 2—4-flowered, 5-6 m lon ng: à mmas peres nerved, the keel and marginal nerves Pubs cup code various provinces, Tenn. (?), Ill. to Minn.—Specimens from Tenn. seem to be lacking. ICULARIA Heister. Usually tall aquatic or marsh perennials, with Pu ed closed or partly closed sheaths, and open or contracted panicles. Spikelets few- to many-flowered, subterete or slightly compressed, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets; glumes unequal, short, obtuse or acute, usually scarious, mostly 1-nerved; lemmas broad, convex on the back, firm, usually obtuse, awnless, scarious at apex, 5- to 9-nerved, the nerves parallel, usually prominent. [Glyceria R. Br.]—Thirty-five species, in the tem- perate regions of both hemispheres.—MANNA-GRASSES. | MEADOW-GRASSES. FOWL MEADOW-GRASSES. Spikelets narrow, mostly linear, usually more than 1 cm. long. I. C NM Spikelets ovoid or oblong, usually not over 0.5 cm. long. II. OBT I. ACUTIFLORAE Lemmas obtuse, about as long as the palea ^i. P. septentrionalis. B Lemmas acute, much exceeded by the Gea ne ^2; P. acutiflora. II. OBTUSAE Panicle contracted, narrow. Lemmas about 3 mm. long: panicle oblong, dense, usually not over 10 em. long. 3. P. obtusa. pne about 2 mm. long: panicle linear, 15-30 em. long, 4. P. melicaria. Panicle « opum lax Glumes mend “rounded, the first about 1 mm. long or less:. lemmas about 2 mm. long. 5. P. striata. cunn e the first 1.5-2 mm. long: lemmas about 3 Spikelets ‘elliptic, pointed, pale: plant weak or lax, ka ually E ng and rooting at the oe panic cles uall Scr 15 em. long, few-flowered. €. P. pallida. Spikelets oblong, purple: plant upright, ee panicle many-flowered. . P. grandis. 1. P. septentrionalis (A. Hitche.) Bicknell. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall: panicle 5-6 em. long, the short branches QU a spreading: spikelets 1.5-2 em. long lemmas 4—4.5 mm. long, faintly 7-nerved, M on gos betw T a "T : fluitans (FI. U. S. )]—(SwEET-GRASS, F'LOTE-GRASS. \ Shallow water, various provinces, S. C. to Tex., Minn., and Mass 2.. E. oe (Torr.) Kuntze. Stem weak, slender, much as ps em. long: paniele nearly Ele 15-35 cm. long, the RA ua. appressed EB 0—12- flowered, 2—4 ong: lemmas 6-8 mm. ee scabrous. T utiflora E "d low water, various prance Tenn. Ind., and N. H. P. obtusa ue saan Stem se erect, 30— 120 as tall: panicle 6-18 m. long: spikelets 3—7- flowered, 5-6 m . lon ng. [G.o a Trin.]—Bogs and udo often in acid soil, Coastal Plain and adj. ip N. C. toN 132 | POACEAE P. melicaria (Michx.) A. Hitehe. Stem erect from a creeping rootstock, 60— 100 cem. tall: oap nodding at the summit: 25 Bppressed, 3—-4- . flowered, about 4 . long. [P. elongata Kuntze G. Tor- reyi A, Hite che. ]— — Wet woods, Blue Ridge and more ode PENA N. C. and Tenn. to Minn. and Que Js P. striata (La Eus A. Hitche. oe dense tussocks: stem erect, 30-100 . tall: leaf-blades elongate: B e nodding, 10-20 em. long, the branches dou naked below: spikelets 3-7 E PE mm. long: lemmas promi- ud 7-nerved. [Poa striata Lam. G. Tri P. nervata Kuntze G. striata A. Hitche. ae ground, bud gods Fla. to Tex., Wash., Ont., and Newf.—(Mez.) 6. P. pallida iid Kuntze. Stem | ee up to 100 cm. long: spike- ee Bri Pd oe red, 6-7 mm. lon ng: lemmas 7-nerved, scabrous. [G. pallida in. |—Shal quiu various provinces Tenn, 19 Mo. and N. S.—Plants hires do of some species of Poa 7. P. grandis (S. Wats.) Nash. m 100—150 em. tall: leaf-blades 5-15 e wide: panicle 20-40 cm. long, loose and open: umo 4—7-flowered, 5—6 long: lemmas 7-nerved. [P. a fea MacM. G. grandis S. Wats. ] Wet places, various provinces, Tenn, to Alas., Ont., and N B. FESTUCA L. Low or rather tall annuals or perennials of various habit, the spikelets in narrow or open panicles. Spikelets few- to several- flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets: glumes narrow, acute, d the first sometimes very small: lemmas rounded on the back, membranaceous or somewhat d o-nerved, the nerves often obseure, acute or rarely HN awned from the tip or pue, from a minutely bifid apex.—One hundred species, in apes and cool regions.—FESCUE GRASSES. F'ESCUES. Plant annual: stamen usually 1. I. OCTOFLORAE. Plant perennial: stamens eaf-blades Hed narrow, involute. IT. RUBRAE. Leaf-blades flat III. OBTUSAE. I. OcTOFLORAE Awn less than twice as long as the lemma: ge elosely 5-13- flowered, glabrous or scabrous. 1. F. octofiora. Awn no than twice as long as the lemma: spikelets loosely 4-6- owered. onmes scabrous above: first glume less than half as long as the second. 2. F. Myuros. Lemmas pubescent: first glume 15-34 as long as the second. 3. F. sciurea. II. RUBRAE Plant decumbent at base: stems solitary clustered, the leaves often numerous: panicle with em or appressed branche es. 4. F.rubra. III. OBT Spikelets oblong to linear, about 1 cm. june eo narrow, the branches appressed at maturity. . F. elatior. Spikelets ovate or oval, mostly léss than 5 mm. long: panicles open, the branches spreading, naked below Spikelets at the end of long lender branches of a very open anicle. . F. obtusa. Spikelets somewhat aggregate along the upper half of the short branches of the less open nodding panicle. . F. Shortii. POACEAE _ 133 1. F. octoflora Walt. Stem erect, 5-40 cm. tall: Pa BN ip aa em. long, often 21 a a raceme: spikelets 5-12 mm. long: lem s 4-5 m long, the awn 1-7 long. tenella Willd. F. parviflora | EIL] —Dry sterile soil, various Ld rr Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C. and Que.—(Mez.) 2. F. Myuros L. Stem erect or pur aie at base, 20-60 em. tall: panicle 7-20 e n 8 long, narr spikelets 8—11 a glumes very unequal, the first 1-1.5 mm long.—Dry ds and. waste-places, various provinces, Ga. to La. and Mass. Na Eu.—(W. I., Mex.) 3. F. sciurea cu Similar to F. Myuros: spikelets 4—5 mm. long: first glume 2 mm. long.—Sandy Bun Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Te x. Okla., and Va. 4. F. rubra L. em solitary, pde a few stems together, 30—80 em. tall: leaves glabrous: panicles 5-20 e m. long, usually contracted, the branches lon h erect: spikelets 4-6-flow wered, 7-8 mm. long: le d —/ mm. long, the awn usually about half as long.—Bra ckish meadows along the coast, N. C. to Lab.; on n oe n also cult. and escaped, various MARE Ga. to Tenn. and Md.—(Eur sia.) 4a. F. ovina L. and some of its allies are cuum o introduced with grass seed, but they do not appear to persist. ey resemble F. rubra but are erect and po tufted.—F. ovina L. (SHEEP’s j Pda has eapillary short firm lades, the awn of ore l F. c m. h t ma es or more long.— dene. flexuous capillary blades, the lemmas awnless or nearly so.—F. du cula L. (HARD FESCUE) has firm blades about 1 mm. wide. ` 5. F. elatior L. Stem 50-120 em. tall: leaf- blades 4-8 mm. wide: panie 10-20 em. long, the branches Spreading in HOWCE appressed in ' fruit, ee bearing nearly to base: spikelets 9-11 mm. long: lemmas acu e, a awnless, rarely short-awned.—Meadows and waste- -places, from Ala. to La. northwa rd n nearly throughout U. S. and S Can. Cult. as meadow grass. Nat. of Eu. 6. F. obtusa Spreng. Stem solitary or few, 40-120 em. tall: panicle diffuse, dro coping, 10-20 em. long, ud E anches loosely spikelet -bearing near th spikelets 3-5-flowered, 5-7 long. [F. nutans Spren eng. ]|—Moist woods, various provinces, EN to Tex. "N. D., and N. S. 7. F. Shortii Kunth. Resembles F. obtusa: panicle more compact, the shorter branches s spikelet- -bearing from about the middle, E e spikelets ieee —Wet prairies, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ia. and P 94. SCLEROPOA Griseb. Low annual. Spikelets spiral- ian linear, somewhat compressed, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and be- tween the florets: glumes unequal, short, acutish, strongly Pun the first l-nerved, the second 3-nerved: lemmas convex, nearly terete, glabrous, obseurely 134 POACEAE 5-nerved, obtuse, awnless, slightly scarious at the tip. Resembling Festuca. — One species, native of Eu. 1. S. rigida rs Griseb. Stems p Or T 10-20 em. tal, glabrous or inutely Pee ere leaf-blades flat, 1-2 mm. wide: panicles narrow, condensed, 5-10 mm ng, lemmas about 2.5 long. [Di iplachne rigida Munro]— (PRICKLY FESCUE. N ‘places, E EF] with ballast, aa Fla. and Mobile, Ala.; also S Mis 95. BROMUS L. Low or rather tall annuals or perennials, with closed sheaths, flat blades and open or contracted panicles of large spikelets. lets several- to many-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets; glumes unequal, acute, the first 1- to 3-nerved, the second usually 3- to 5-nerved; lemmas convex on the din or keeled, 5- to perate regions nudi ord CHEATS. pne oca ODE te. Hie awn the lemmas distinetly po A LE dies lemmas acumi- e, : usually not more than : plan nt a I. UNIOLOIDES. Spire usually rus flattened: lemmas not Sonipressedeeodiod ant perennial. II. CILIATI. Planta dE Glu mo rather broad: lemmas broadly ellipti III. RACEMOSI. lumes narrow : lemmas narrow and sradualiy acuminate. IV. STERILES. I. UNIOLOIDES Plant rather stout, with tufted, usually decumbent stems, and pubescent leaf-sheaths. 1. B. unioloides. II. CILIATI Lemmas awnless or nearly so: panicle a suberect. 2. B. inermis. Lemmas long-awned : panicle-branches droop m S. Lemmas glabrou 3. B. laeviglumis. Lemmas pubescent or scabrous. 4. B. purgans III. RACEMOSI Leaf-sheaths glabrous. 5. B. secalinus. Leaf-sheaths pubescent. 6. B. commutatus. IV. EE Awns about 1.5 mm. long: lemmas pubes 7. B. tectorum. Awns 2-3 em. long: lemmas scabrous- phe NE 8. B. sterilis. 1. B. unioloides H. B. K. Stem rather stout, 30—100 em. tall: paniele 15—50 em. long, usually narrow, the branches appre essed, sometimes wider with spread- ing branches: spikelets 2-3.5 cm. long, 7—11-fülowered: first glume, 5-nerve —]0 mm. long, the second 7-nerved, 10-13 mm. pons lemmas subcoriaceous, POACEAE | 135 glabrous or scabrous, 13-16 mm. g—- Waste- "places, roadsides, and prairies, vari- ous provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and —(Mez., C. A. 8. A. )— Cult. as [emm GRASS. nermis Leyss. Perennial with creeping rootstock: b. linear, each: the lemmas awnless or nearly so, gla abrous.— ( BROME-GRASS. ) — Cult. and rarely found in waste-plaees within our P Nat of Eu. It differs from B. inermis in Ge no root- stocks; also N. Y. to Wash. and Me. 15-20 em. long: spikelets, TE 5. 2 cm. long: lemmas ina l a zs ong, the awn about half as lon ng. [B.c ciliatus loevigtumis . C. to N. . B. rgans L. Stem 70-140 em. tall: leaf-sheaths sparsely retrorsely pilose: blades as much as 1.5 em. wide: paniele 15—25 em. long, the Vin bearing a few spikelets near de nds: spike let s 2—2.5 em. long, 7— i flowered: lemmas 10-12 mm. long, densely db ent all. over, the awn 4-6 m T and Vt. Dry woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mont., 4a. Bromus ciliatus L. has been found in Tenn. It differs from B. purgan in the e EEan at margin, glabrous on back; also W. Va., o Cal and northw 5. B. secalinus L. Stem 40-100 em. tall: dris open, eae em. long, the branches drooping: spikelet 5—15-flowered, glabrou : Jemm s 8-11 mm. long, plump at maturity, the margins inrolled, the awn bes less des o mm. “in ng.— (CHESS. CHEAT. 2 S000 and waste- -places, nearly throughout U. S. and S Nat. of E 6. B..commutatus Schrad. Similar to B. secalinus, but is leaf- dremi pubes- he cent: lemmas pee cud 2 duod less plump, argins not inrolled. [B. racemosus k.]—Waste-places, from us C, Tenn., and Tex northward, cea throughout "V. S. and S Can. Na t. = Bromus japoni Thunb. has been found in N. C. and K It differs cus Ky. m B. commutatus in the slender flexuous ue of the paniele and the d awn; also Vt. to Calif. and Wash.—(Eurasia.) 7. B. m L. Stem d em. tall: leaves ad I panicle rather due ; droopin ng, 6-15 em. long: spikelets 13-20 . long, nodding.— Waste-pla ces, various provinces, "Miss. and Tenn. to Wash. and Me.; Pacific Coast. Nat. of Eu. B. sterilis L. Leaves minutely puberulent: panicle 10-20 em. long, broad, Er Pe the slender branchlets usually bearin g one spikelet: spikelets 2.5-3.5 em. long, drooping.—Waste-places, various provinces, Ñ. C. to A , Il., and Mags. "Nae of Eu.—(W. I.) C 96. LOLIUM L. Annuals or pressis with flat blades and simple ter- minal flat spikes. ikelets several- flowered, solitary, sessile, placed edgewise i except on the terminal spikelet), the second outward, strongly 3—5-nerved: 136 POACEAE lemmas rounded on the back, 5- to 7-nerved.—Eight species, natives of Eurasia. —RYE-GRASSES. DARNELS Glume equalling the uppermost floret: plant annual. 1. L.temulentum. Glume E PR the spikelet : plants perennial. Lemmas a 2. L. multiflorum. Lem Hs alee or nearly so. l 3. L. perenne 1. L. ben L. Stem 60-120 em. tall: spike 10-30 cm. long: iid 5—-7-flowered: 1 wned or awnless, plump.—(POISON-DARNEL.)— Was places, | dons provinces, Ga. to Tex., Kan., | ! and N. B. Nat. of Eu. 2. L. multiflorum Lam. Stem 30-60 cm nearly throughout U. S; infrequent south- ward. Nat. of Eu. 3. L. perenne L. Rese mbles L. multiflorum : ERENN and . waste-places, cult. eadow gra northern Wr pr eu ogee. bur locally naturalized. Nat. of Eu. 97. AGROPYRON Gaertn. Our species perennials, with erect culms, erect spikes, and ereeping rootstocks. Lis c several-flowered, solitary, sessile, placed flatwise at loa joint of & contin ous rachis; glumes equal, firm, ie nerved, ine god than the first lemma, acute ned: lemmas convex on the . back, r veter firm, 5-7-nerved, usually acute or awned from the apex: palea shorter than the lemma.—Sixty species, natives of tem- perate regions generally.—W HEAT-GRASSES. QUITCH-GRASSES. QUICK-GRASSES. 1. A. repens (L.) Beauv. Plant green or eeu peces about 5-flowered, 1-1.5 em. long: glumes 8-10 mm. long, stro ngly with an awn about 5 m —(QUACK GRASS.)—Fields and waste-places, from N. C. northward ae ‘throughout the N U. S. Nat. of Eu.—(Mez.) 98. HORDEUM [Tourn.] L. Low or rather tall annuals or perennials mita fiat blades and dense terminal cylindrical or bristly-bushy spikes. Spike- 1-flowered, 8 together at each node of the articulate rachis, the middle one eae the others short-pedicelled, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and, in the central spikelet, prolonged behind the palea as a bristle, this some- times bearing a rudimentary floret: lateral spikelets reduced, imperfect; glumes S lemmas rounded on the back, 5-nerved, usually obscurely so, tapering into a usually long awn.—Twenty species, natives of the temperate region of both hemispheres.—BARLEY-GRASSES. DWARF-BARLEYS POACEAE . 137 Glumes not cil Glumes of fa tile Spikelet dilated above the D plant annual. 1. H. pusillum. Glumes not RS ted, all awn-like: plant perennial. 2. H. nodosum. Glumes, or some of them, ciliate: plant annual, 3. H. murinum. 1. H. pusillum Nutt. Stem 10-40 em. tall: spike narrow, erect, 2-7 em. long: first glume of each lateral Jd and both glumes of central spikelet dilated above the base.—Open S, vari uo Fla. to Calif., Wash.. Ohio, to Me., and D. C.— — (Mea .) 2. H. nodosum L. Plant larger than H. pusillum, the st stems tufted, commonly 30-60 ik 0 mm. wi ri Plain, in ali and in Piedmont northward. m L. Stem bushy-branched, 3. H. spreadi ing e 5-7 cm. long, often partly inelosed in the me inflated sheath: glumes entral spikelet narrowly spindle-form, 3-nerved, i cage on both margins, the nerves scabrous: awns 2-3 em. gr —Fields, waste- T and open ground, various provinces, Ala. to Mass.; also W U. S. Nat. of Eu. : YMUS L. Erect usually rather tall perennials, with flat blades and terminal spikes. Spikelets 2- to 6-flowered, sessile in pairs (rarely in 3’s), on a continuous rachis, the rachilla Re above the glumes and be- tween the florets; glumes P usually rigid, sometimes indurate below, narrow, sometimes subulate, 1- sever ee acute to d somewhat asymmetric and placed in front p the spikelet: lemmas rounded on the bae or nearly terete, obscurely 5-nerved, acute or usually awned fon the. tip.— Twenty-five species, in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.— WILD-RYES. LYME-GRASSES. BUFFALO-RYES. Glumes narrowly lanceolate, more or less indurate at base. 1. E. virginicus. Glumes very narrow with about 2 strong nerves. Leaf-blades pubescent. 2. E. striatus. Leaf-blades glabrous. 3. E. riparius. E. virginicus L. Stem 60—100 cm. tall: spike erect, often included at base in the upper leaf- EE nd elets glabrous, fius gluines s rigid, broadened and bowed out abov e the e yellowi E ndur lemmas awned, the awn mostly 1 FP m. long. —(TERRELL-GRASS.)—Moist woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mont., and Newf.— o : E. hel bila lal ad, with villous hirsute lemmas and gum s, within the range of the spec E. sere australis with narrow Sume which, like the lemmas, are villous- hirsute and with long awns, Ga. to Tex. and Mass.; E. virginicus glabriflorus, with glab- rous spikelets, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and Md. 2. E. striatus Willd. Stem bann 50-100 em. tall: leaf-blades 6-10 m wide, villous 138 POACEAE on the upper surface: apes Eas ER pale, 5-10 cm. uoi icu long- Men. spikelets 1- "n Pai red, what spreadin ng: glumes 1.5-3 cm. long, villous: lemmas about 6 mm. Re dede the awns 2-3 em. s (glumes and . to Tex. lemmas glabrous in E. siriatus A E provinces, Tenn and Wyo.)—(BLUE-JOINT.)—Rocky woods, various provinces, N. C. “to Tex., Wyo., and Vt. parius Wiegand. Stem rather slender, 90—150 cm. tall; leaf-sheaths glabrous; rs S D scabrous, 5-15 mm. wide; spike somewhat nodding, 7-20 ¢ ong: glu narrow, som RR c but not bowed-out at base: ims Re hispidulo us, the awn straight, bc) 2-3 em. i LO banks and low ground, various provinces, "N Fla. to Ky., Ind., and Que 100. HYSTRIX Moench. Erect perennials with flat leaf-blades and loosely flowered bristly spikes. Spikelets 2- to 4-flowered, sessile, 1 to 3 at each node of a continuous flattened rachis, horizontally spreading at maturity: glumes reduced to y short awns, the first usually obsolete, both N 4 often wanting in the upper spikelets: lem- NN mas convex, rigid, tapering into long awns, E 5-nerved, the nerves obscure except toward »p" the tip: palea about as long as the body of the lemma.—Four species, of temperate re- e" » gions, but widely scattered. 1. H. Hy strix (L.) Millsp. Stem 60-120 em. tall: leaf-sheaths glabrous or scabrous; blades mostly 7-15 mm. wide: spike 8-15 em. long, the internodes of the rachis 5-10 mm. long: spikelets 1-1.5 cm. long: lemmas glabrous, the awns 1-4 em. long, straight or rarely curved. [As prelia. dde Willd. |—(Bor epee GRASS. BOTTLERUSH.)—-Moist woods, various pro es, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C. to Okla., Minn., and N. B.—The inflorescence 2i ubies S à commereial bottle-brush. 101. ARUNDINARIA Michx. Gregarious shrubs or tall reeds, with woody perennial — Mni flat leaf-blades with petioles articulate with the sheaths, and 1 racemes or panicles. Spikelets few- to many-flowered, large, ds dais ps rà PU Ra E above the glumes and between the florets: glumes unequal, Shorter than the lemmas, the first sometimes want- ing: e acute or acuminate, mucronate, faintly many-nerved: palea about as long as the lemma, prominently 2-keeled.— T wenty-five species, all except the ANS ‘in the tropies of both hemispheres.—CANES. Inflorescence borne on short leafless radical shoots Ko ~ year. 1. A. tect Inflorescence borne on leafy branches of the old c 2. A. 2 GO denen m: 1. A. tecta (Walt.) Muhl. Stem 1-4 m. tall: leaf-blades 8-20 cm. long: paniele of few aggregate aida on Pid oe eg rather loose sheaths, the aaa obsolete k E Ay so: spikelets 2.5—4 cm. long, 5—10-flowered.— (SMALL-CANE. REED. Sw -CANE.)— 2 ur swamps und bogs, Coastal "Plain and occasionally Appalachian provinces, Fla. to La. and Md.—Stems in col- CYPERACEAE 139 onies dd sometimes flower several seasons in succession. Leaves usually rough, ose. 2. A. gigantea (Walt.) Chapm. Stem a much as 10 m. tall and 7 em. thick at Bese: leaf-blades 20-50 cem. long: panicle of few simple unequal racemes: spikelets 3-5 cm. long, 5-15-flowered. . macrosperma | Michx. ]— (LARGE-CANE. GIANT-CANE.)—Al- luvial situations, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex Okla., Ky., and Va.—Stems arborescent, forming ““cane- -brakes. ^^ Plants flow at i ud and indefinite periods. The P re- mble bamboo. Stock browse on the young sc and seeds. Young shoots are used as a pot her Aa Stems of the large cane are sed for fishing- poles: mats, baskets, and a variety of other purposes. Leaves cele ERU ascending. Famity 29. CYPERACEAE — SEDGE FAMILY Grass-like or rush-like caulescent or seapose herbs, when perennial usually with scaly or tuber-bearing rootstocks. Stems or scapes (culms) t es. monoecious or dioecious, borne in spikelets, usually solitary in the axils of each scale (bract, glume), the spikelets solitary or variously clustered, the seales 2-ranked or spirally imbricate, sometimes partly changed into leaves. Perianth hypogynous, consisting of’ bristles or -a or a droecium of 1 ens, or ly of e. Gyno of 2 rpels. Ovary l-eelled. Styles united. Stigmas 2 or r3 Ovules solitary, anatropous uit a lenticular or 3-angled e.—Abo gene d 3,200 oS of wide geographic distribution, but of little economic im- portan Spikelets with perfect flowers, or some Toners with abortive androecium or gynoecium. Scales of the spikelet enclosing 1 or 2 bractlets. Tribe I. HEMICARPHEAE, Scales of the spikelet not enclosing bractlets. Spikelets many-flowered, sometimes few- ‘flowered, with “the lowest scale, or rarely several of the lower scales, ower Spikelets 1- or 2-flowered, or rarely several- flowered, with 2—several of the lower scales D III. RYNCHOSPOREAE. Spikelets w with monoecious or dioecious flower Pistillate flower subtended by a flat scale: aegis exposed. IV. SCLERIEAE. Pi pe m xs n and achene, enclosed in a utricle (peri- IL SCIRPEAE. V. CARICEAE. I. HEMICARP Flower enclosed in 2 bractlets, one of them npe the other ^A posterior. 1. LIPOCARPHA Flower subtended by a single minute posterior bractlet. 2. HEMICARPHA. II. Scr Scales of the spikelets conduplicate, fien. keeled, -2-ranked, the spikelets mostly flattene Flowers with barbed perianth- ‘bristles, Flowers without perianth-bristles ene smooth: style-base Hot swolle a with 2-many perfect flowers : achéne en- closed in a single scale 4. CYPERUS. , Spikelets with 1 perfect flower : achene enclosed in "^ a pair of scales 5 _ 9. DULICHIUM. . KYLLINGA. ABILDGAARDIA. Achene warty: gtyle- -base swollen. 6. 140 CYPERACEAE cas of the spikelets merely concave, spirally imbricate. ase of the style ic swollen, por as a tu- bercle on the achene, xd 2 duous in Websteria. aere (bristles) wan ne not surm a by a tubercle: dilated style- P trune "ron T. FIMBRISTYLIS. ~, chene surmounted by a tubercle: dilated style- base not ee 8. STENOPHYLLUS. Perianth- (bristles) present. se herbs: Di solitary, several-many-fiow are ed. : achene tubercled : anthers ellipsoid He lin- ear, not conspicuously elongate. 9. ELEOCHARIS. ee herbs: spikelets umbellate, 1-flowered : achene not tu ibercled: anthers linear- filiform, Ereatly dona E 10. WEBSTERIA. Base of Plc style not at all, or only slightly, thickened, deciduous. Penan i EUR — or elongate bristles, or obsolete or Perianth -bristles numerous, greatly n silky. 11. PEL DUM, Perianth-bristles 1-8, short, stiff, or wan 12. SciR Perianth of 3 sessile or stipitate scales, ud 'alter- nating with as many barbed bristles 13. FUIRENA. III. RYNCHOSPOREAE Stigmas 2: achene lenticular Spikelets in a dense Hero subtended’ by a leafy involucre. 14. DICHROMENA. Spikelets not in dense involucrate heads. Spikelets several-flowered: perianth n "^ 15. PSILOCARYA. Spikelets 1-2-flowered, or rarely few Hom ceed perianth resent, the bristles sometimes deciauous or Am 16. RYNCHOSPORA. Stigmas 3: achene 3-angled. Viger wanting: spikelets short and stout: achene dark. rescence paniculate: spikelets straight: achene of "un ovoid type. 17. MARISCUS. Inflorescence capitate: spikelets curved: achene ellip- soid, similar at both ends. 18. REMIREA. Perianth present : spikelets slender: achene white. 19. SCHOENUS. IV. SCLERIEAE Spikes few-flowered: perianth-bristles wanting: achene bony or crustaceous, with a disk at the base. 20. SCLERIA. V. CARICEAE Plant with more than one leaf, each leaf a a sheath, a li- gule, and a midrib. 21. CAREX. Plant with one leaf, the leaf without sheath, ligule, or midrib. 22. CYMOPHYLLUS. 1. LIPOCARPHA R. Pr, Annual low tufted herbs. Leaf-blades very narrow. Spikelets many-flowered, few in a terminal involuerate head. Scales firm, spirally ee my a subtending a pair of bractlets which enclose a flower, or ibis of the lower ones empty. Flowers perfect. Perianth want- m Stamens 1 or 2. Style deciduous, not enlarged at the base. Stigmas 2 — r 3. Achene flattened or 3-angled.—About 15 species, widely distributed. RAY) i 1. L. maculata (Michx.) Torr. Plant d OM aper leaf- Ms narrowly linear, 1-2 AA, wide, volute: scape flattened, SSS) Wit, ^ taller than the esos involueral bracts Sw NU REE 2-4, wed above the dilated leaves: spikelets ovoid or ellipsoid, 4-7 mm. long; cales rhombic-cuneate, scarcely 2 mm. ina, white-ma cae ed, or Mn Misa brown spots: exterior braet hyaline, is |a piss pale, ellipsoid -obovoid, ong.—Mois and springy ied Coastal Pla. Fla. 3 wn and V a: Adv. N.— —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. 4) —Sum fall. b CYPERACEAE 141 2. HEMICARPHA Nees & Arn. Annual low or dwarf caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades very narrow or slender. Spikelets many-flowered, solitary or few together in an involuerate head, one involucral bract much exceeding the spikelets. Scales firm, spirally imbri- eate, each subtending a minute posterior bractlet and a flower. Flowers perfect. A Perianth wanting. Stamens 1 or 2. Style (7778 i d not swollen at the base. Stigmas Achene flattened or nearly terete.— ~ i t 5 species, natives of warm regions. Besides the following, oer species occur n the western U. S.—Sum.-fall 1. H. micrantha (Vahl) Pax. Plant 2-10 em. tall or rarely more, often tufted or in mats: stem very slen der r, glabrous: leaf- blades setaceous, smooth: Dad peni or 2 or 3 together, ovoid, 2—4 . long, not br istl y: scales cuneate or n obov Ee about 1 mm. lo ong, ades po ibas braetlets fully 0.5 mm. lon i delicately veined: achene subeylindrie or ellipsoid-ovoid, about 0 Du m. ] mucronulate, light-brown.—Moist soil and pond-margins, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Wash., Ont., and N. H.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 3. DULICHIUM L. C. Rich . Perennial tall caulescent herbs, the ipi hollow, d leafy. Leaf-blades short, very short or wanting on lower shea Spikelets several-flowered, 2-ranked on axillary peduncles, bed Seales 2- d conduplicate, decurrent as a wing on the lower joint. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 6-9 retrorsely barbed elongate bristles. Stamens 3. Style not swollen. Stigmas 2. Achene flattened, narrow, beaked with the persistent style-base—One species. - arundinaceum Se de Plants ll: D. gregarious, the stem u . tall: leaf- Pura B ie Or ha flat, linear, -8 long: Dus narrowly linear b UN 1-2.5 em. long: appressed, lanceolate, fully ug as Pa as on Senay - joints: achene linear- spe d, 3-3.5 m Sum. slightly stipitate, each with a setaceous beak.— ( SHEATHED- GALIN GALE, pues wamps, springy places, and pond- margins, various P Fla. to Tex., Wash., Ont., and N. S. — Sum fall. 4, CYPERUS [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial scapose herbs. Leaves basal, with elongate narrow blades or rarely mere sheaths. Scapes simple (in our species) with a terminal involucre of one or several bracts which subtend e simple or compound inflorescence. pag escence-branches, when present, owered, or nearly terete, borne in clusters, heads, spikes, or panicles: scales 2-ranked, deciduous, or persistent and falling away with the rachis which dis- 142 CYPERACEAE articulates above the lower pair of scales or with each joint of the rachis when it breaks up into l-fruited sections, the d of the rachis often iyd Flowers perfect. Perianth wanting. Stamens 1-3. Style deciduous. Stigm 2 or 3. Achene lenticular or 3-angled. ae 600 21 pes mons ES. SWE in warm regions.—Sum.—fall, or all year S.— QALIN HES . m The tuberous-thickened rootstocks of some species are H as hon Stigmas 2: achene of a. lentieular t Achene e ud ars ( SUDsendE I. Pycreus.) chene m than the subtending Scale: Achene Shae FE Mone as the subtending scale. Achene dr flattened. Ceca S Ii. Juncellus.) Stigmas 3: achene of a triquetrous type. Spikelets E on the spike-rachis. (Subgenus . Eucyperus. Wings of the spikelet-rachis, if any, very narrow. Plant annu Scales of the spikelets awn-tipped. Scales of the spikelets obtuse, acute, or merely acuminate. Achene ae shorter than the subtend- ing sca Bo as long as the subtending scale and Plant € Scales of the spikelets appressed, Con EROU: the rachis- B very Shor Stamen s 3: lea E vise s Stam md leaves not viscid. Seales of. the Sbikelets mot o eed distant, une SS CM odes % as long as the es or Wings of the spikelet-r radhis prominen often very broad, persistent or deciduou Rachis-wings persistent : TA perennial, e n ; Leave "d ^ of the s Inflorescence subtended by an invo- lucre of 2 short er ect or ascending numerous elongate spread- d and drooping bracts: spikelets end: shining. with Tonea e inean blades. Scapes node © nearly tere ees oe deciduous as inicios Scales: plant Spikelets "deciinotis above the lower pair of scales, or reaking up into 1-fruited sections. Spikelets deciduous above the lower pair of scales. ubgenus IV. Mariscella. x. ry narrow. Achene less than thrice as lon ng as thic k. dE breaking up into 1- fruited sections. (Sub- genus V. Torulinium.) I. FLAVESCENTES chene orbicular-obovoid or suborbicular, the superficial cells oblong. Achene ellipsoid, obovoid, or linear, the superficial cells Seales of the spikelets obtuse, acute, or mucronulate. Achene Ne a broadly SO. Sta s 2: stigmas much exserted beyond the stamens 3: stigmas included, or only slightly rte Nene incar d ellipsoid, oval, or narrowly obovoid. Scales of the spikelets obtuse. I. II. TII IV. vV. VI. VII. VIII. IX. FLAVESCENTES. SABULOSI. LAEVIGATI. CUSPIDATI. COMPRESSI. TRIAE. D VIRE DISTANTES. . HASPAN. XI. ALTERNIFOLII. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. ESCULENTI. ARTICULATI. ERYTHRORHIZI. STRIGOSI. iom TETRAGONI. SPECIOSI. 1. C. flavescens. 2. C. diandrus. 3. C. rivularis. 4. C. densus. CYPERACEAE rv: of ae spikelets mens Achene nearly 1. . long: scales about 3 Ini ong. Bene qu 1 mm. long: scales 2 mm. long Spikelets in stiff clusters, spreading. le mm. ike E: 5-2 wide: achene much r % as T as the scale. Spikelets bs or less: achene i mm slightly over 1e 2 as long as the scale. s in soft p e-like, often dense, lusters, erect $ oa ng. Scales of the spikelets prominently Short-pointed be- yond the scarious margin II. SABULOSI Achene less than 1.5 mm. long, about Esas the sub- tending scale. III. LAEVIGATI Spikelets few, in a cluster, appearing lateral on the s one inv tipped, Spikelets nome us, in a terminal erect head: several in- volucral Binet Slongate and spreading: anther blunt, Jess than 1 mm. lon cape: oluc erie m. Tome. elongate and erect: anther donder IV. CUSPIDATI Scale-body acute or rounded at the base of the awn: achene cuneate-obovoid. Scale-body Oecd at the base of the awn: achene obovoid. V. Com Spikelets in stiff clusters: achene less ibis pe as Sloane as the scale. VI. IRI d in DON like clusters: achene as dong as the sub- Ing S VII. ELEGANTES Spikelets crowded; scales with ciliate-serrulate keels. VIII. VIRENTES Young spikelets long and narrow; scales persistent. Young spikelets short and broad; ' scales deciduous. Achene linear or narrowly ellipsoid, over 1 mm. long. ch ene 2 oM ellipsoid : spikelet-scales about 2.5 mm Achene linear : spikelet-scales about 2 mm. long. Achene oval or broadly ellipsoid, less than 1 mm. long. IX. DISTANTES Spikelets in irregular spikes, very slender X. HASPAN Spikelets linear to linear-lanceolate, oue 1 mm. wide: involueral bracts 2, erect or ascendi ing XI. ALTERNIF Spikelets ovate to elliptie, 2-2.5 mm. E bracts numerous, spreading and droopin LII involueral XII Esc NTI Seales of the 2 M with lax or E A mucronate ti mea n the apielsts bs serene obtuse, acute, or ob- urely mucronulate t ree 16 as PA 2 us ‘scale or less: scales blunt, od a the a 16 AE lon g as the seale or more: scales lunt, or mucronulate, not hooded at the a E PEE of bed br partly reddish-brown or pur- row Spikelets of EU feos or yellowish-brown scales, 13. 14. . C. 11. C. C. ao . C. . C. ; C. . ©. . C. filicinus. microdontus. paniculatus. odoratus. pumilus. . sabulosus. laevigatus. Careyi. in flezus. cuspidatus. compressus. Iria. elegans. ochraceus. 143 virens. pseudovegetus. surinamensis. distans. Haspan. alternifolius. dentatus. Le Contei. rotundus. 144 CYPERACEAE Spikelet-scales less than 3 mm. long. Spikelet-scales 3 mm. long or more. , - XIII. ARTICULATI Tall gregarious perennial, the leaves mostly represented by basal sheaths: spikes umbel-like. XIV. ERYTHRORHIZI Spikelets m D ore mostly over 5 mm. long: spikes mainly ellipso Spikelets few-flowered, mostly less than 5 mm. long: spikes mainly cylindri XV. oe Spike-rachis very short, the spike thus globos Spike-rachis Eu fhe Es thus longer than wide. chene over % a s the subtending scale. Achene less iun S do A fone as the subtending scale. Scales uh s ue appressed : anthers less than Seales "of Pu *pikelets lax: anthers over 0.5 mm. long. XVI. PRAELONGATI Spikelets loosely spicate or paniculate, or capitate. Spikelets in d or many spikes or panicles. chene . long, less Erie E as long as the scale: Suhiewinds very narr ia ne 2.5-3 mm. long, fully 15 2s EHE as the scale: achis-wings bro Spik elets capitate, the hoad solitary. Spikelets crowded, sometimes densely so, in globose, cylin- dric, or obovoid spikes Spikelets e or deflexed, Mae spikes broadest at the ove the mi Scape SOnEH- pubescent, AE least above. In noe eee h: lower spikelets de- exe Inflorescence- du. smooth: lower spikelets re- flexed-spreadin Scape smooth and gla labro as T AET in all prm only the basal exe Spikes oar fh Ras Ten to cylindric, or narrowed Spikes ERE to cylindri .5 mm. long p? less. Sp fiel E P id -flowered : rachis-wings oa Spikes ellipsoid, sometimes nar- ii ue por E spikelets 3-4 long, gre Spikes cylindric, “the larger ones, lea eo compound: spikelets long, stramineous. Spikelets 3-44 flowered: rachis- -wings very na Spikelets 5 i lon ng or mo xdi stramineous : saks 1.5-2 mm. ng, Spikes green : scales 2.5-3 mm. long, closely appressed. Spikes globose. XVII. TETRAGON alas S bearing 1-4 achenes; i ies ap- Spikes dense, the spikelets usually crowded Ra aes Spikes umbellate, ov ee e e globose, or de- spikelets subul Spikes o a so ometimes “with a small clus- Spikes ellipsoid p? oval. 30. 38. 39. QR . C. . C. E C. . C. «€. . C. esculentus. lutescens. . articulatus. . erythrorhizos. Halei. Martindalei. litoreus. strigosus. stenolepis. praelongatus. refractus. floridanus retrofractus. dipsaciformis. hystricinus. lancastriensis. retrorsus. Torreyi. . C. Deeringianus. C. Pollard. Winkleri. Plankii. ovularis. 51. C. Nash. CYPERACEAE pikes globose or Hd or globose-ovoid. Spikes paniculately branched, compound. Spikes npud cylindric : spikelets ellipsoid or ellipsoid-ov Spikes lax or stiff, ‘the spikelets loosely spreading. Spikele ded slender, linear-subulate to subulate, 4-8 mes as long as wide. Spikelets CER PUDE on the rachis; scales over ng. Spikelets ‘separated on the rachis; scales less ong. Spikelets SEDE 7 linear-elliptie to elliptie, 2-3 times ng as wide. Spikelets posed to yee bearing 8-12 achenes: scales not appre Spikelets oo or = yenlowialt: green. Spikelets less than 2 mm. wide: achene ellipsoid, about 0. 5 mm. vide S elets ae mm. wide: achene obovoid, about 1 achis-wings obsolete ‘or very narr Inflores a rachis stout. Rachis-wings broad, partly enveloping the achene. III. SPECIOSI Seales of the spikelets distant, the successive scales on either side remote aN m the bases of those above them : achene linear-ellipso Scales of the spikelets mafesi imbricate : achene broader. Achen Se Di. P ud obovoid, or ellipsoid-obovoid, nequ Spikes pipe sh or grayish-brown ; as firm: achene obovoid, sometimes narrowly pikes dull- brown; scales thin: achene ‘ellipsoid or CIE oid:obovel Achene broadly obovoid or obpyramidal, equilateral. ns L. Plant ee tufted, up to 4 dm. C. flav S E clustered linear, 8-1 eee straw- Colored. mm. long, or obtus ish, EU pec cuin. UE id, or subo aes hed 1 mm. long, about % as long as the scale, M vou a pe Y S. PAS 222 : variou T Ce bla ae —Low poe Fla. to ( Tex., Mich., W. I., Mez., C. A., O. W.) [i oc NS. SS T. p? 2. C. diandrus Torr. ER ae, Plant annual, T ted, stigmas E usly exserted scales: achene obovoid, often pb y 80, bct m mm. dong, a about 14 as long as the scale, brown n 52. C. globulosus. 53. C. ligularis. 54. C. cayennensis. 55. C. hermaphroditus. e e Q . dissitiflorus. 57. C. tetragonus. 58. C. multiflorus. 59. C. filiculmis. 60. C. Blodgettii. 61. C. fuligineus. 62. C. brunneus 63. C. Engelmannii. 64. C. ferax. 65. C. speciosus. 66. C. longispicatus. tall, ies iig scales o e, abou or gray.—(CYPRESS- rounds, swamps, and marshes, various provinces, Ala. to Nebr. nth. Similar to C. diandrus in habit: Vii clustered, 3. C. rivularis K ovate, elliptic, or Dons linear, 8-20 mm | i vate o rhombic-ovate, about 3 m id pa eA obtuse, ue SOT fully 1 m. long, a . long, with bro oad brow ong as the scale, . long, somewhat shining: scales firm B wn margins or brown, stigmas slightly exserted: | achene broadly s lo brown.—Wet soil or out low ground, chiefly à along doin or pode various pone "N. C. to Ark, Ne E and Me. nen 146 CYPERACEAE C. densus Link. Plant annual, pe tufted, up to 7 dm. tall, bright- De spikelets clustered, sometimes densely so, linear to lanceolate, 5-9 m ab long, straw-colored or yellowis sh- green: scales thinnish, ovate, about 2 mm. long, D d sometimes loosely so: achene oval or ellipsoid- obovate, oo lm , % as long as the scale, brown.—Ditches and moist gron und, or som ins EDUC Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., Mex., C. 2 A.) 5. C. filicinus Vahl. Plant annual, tufted, up to 3 dm. tall, hee n) green: T s rather loosely clustered, linear to linear-lanceolate, 9-30 m long, inly yellowish-brown: scales firm, o vate or pan ombie, D 3m a mucronulate, pf appres d achene obov or narrowly eae, nearly 1.5 mm. long, obtuse or truncate at the apex, enr -brown, 15 as long as the scale or near ly so.—The plant of the Southern States has narr ower spike- lets and narrower achenes. (C. Nuttall ul n ty and braekish eV and low grounds, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Miss. and Me.—(W. I.) C. microdontus Torr. Plant annual, tufted, up to 7 dm. tall, e green: T d linear, often narrowly so, 6-18 mm. long, yellowi thin about 1.5 m ong or rarely nearly 2 mm. lon d Es notched, or Pus pointed, rather loosely ic achene we abo , mueronulate, grayis ly % as pu as the seale.—Moist and N. J. ou to wet Sond, Coastal Plain and adj. pr ovinces, Fla. to Tex. C. paniculatus Rottb. sree m tufted, up to 6 dm. tall, ae green: j lus pale a undi scales tee firm, elliptic to ovate, 1.0—2 mm. on o rarely longer, mucron e: achene ellipsoid- obovate, ee 1 mm. long, mu- eronulate, about 15 as long as the scale, grayish. [C. Gatesi A o yer and springy places, Coastal Plain and adj. Doc. Fla. to Tex., and Va.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., 8. A.) 8. C. odoratus L. Plant annual, tufted, up to 9 dm. - pale- iis de crowded, linear-laneeolate to narrowly linear r, 6-20 lon y-bro straw colored: scales ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, mu cronulate, appressed: “achene s D or nearly so, often COT at the base, about ong, rounded the apex, over 15 as long as the scale, grayis ish. [C. polystachqo Rottb, aa Ditches and low gr as Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., W.) C. pumilus L. Plant annual, edel inu pu m A dm. tall, pale-green: p orowded, sometimes loos ely so, lin ong, silvery-gray: scales ovate, 1.5 mm. long, ct ees eel poe sed: achene obo- vate, about 0.5 mm. long, truneate and mucronulate at the apex, less than K as lon ng as the scale.—Sandy, often wet soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala. (W. I, 0. W.) 10. ©. sabulosus Mart. & Schrad. Plant annual, sometimes o up to z dm. tall, often T green: spikelets densely clustered, - 8-20 m long, ye ellowi sh-brown: scales oval or suborbicular, punit 1.0 m e tr ae i s pe appres essed: pue a nearly m. long, mucronate, black, ong as the scale or nearly s [C. flavicomus Vahl|—Moist to wet sandy aail Coasa Plain, Fla. to Tex. por Va. 11. C. piis dd L. Plant RAE rs or as tae up to 4 dm. tall, light-green: bracts of the invo nequa only oe and elongate, erect or ee S0: ee crowded, pie zy ina js gle h oblong- ovate to elliptic or linear, 6-15 mm. long, nut, or merely v B1 s ehestnut: seales deltoid- ovate, nearly 2 mm. ur obtuse or acutish, oe. CYPERACEAE | 147 achene oval to oval-ovoid or somewhat obovate, s than 1.5 mm. long, or rarely larger, fully E as long as the scale.—Sandy, en moist, soil, Coastal Plain, S. C. and N. C. Introduced in Calif.—( W. I., "Mez., C. A, 0. W.) 12. C. Careyi Britton. Plant annual, tufted, up to 1 dm. tall, pale-green: bracts of the involucre e elongate, mostly 1-2.5 mm. wide: spikele ts crowded in a head, Bie -elliptie to elliptic, 3-4 mm. long, HL or whitish: scales ovate, 2-2.5 m ree ai abruptly sinu) appressed: achene ellipsoid or obovoid-ellip- soid. — Sandy oil, M. Fla. 18. C. inflexus Muhl. Plant annual, tufted, up to 1.5 dm. Pr eee -green, fragrant: spikelets p gets linear- -elliptio dd elliptie, 3-9 . long, light- -brown: scales less than . long, er , the subulate awn much shorter than the o body: decem ue sper about 1 mm. long, ab- ruptly short-beaked, brown, less than 14 as long as the seale.—Damp to wet sandy soil, rocks, and shores, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Calif, B. C., Sask., and N. B.—(Mez.) 14. C. cuspidatus H. B. K. Plant annual, tufted, up to 1.5 dm. d oe green, licorice-scented: spikelets loosely capitate, linear, 0-12 mm. long, o curved, Peete dus about 2 mm. long, lax, the subulate awn s or S 0. adl dark- o E eee m ih a long as the scale. [C. squarrosus (Fl. SE. S.) ]— y fields and pinclands Pace Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga. ED in 2 Coli f.— (W. I., Mex., C. A.) 15. C. compressus L. Plant annual, tufted, up to 3.5 dm. tall, with the scapes sometimes reclining, light-green: spikelets loosely capitate, but stiff, narrowly om lanceolate or narrowly elliptic to linear, 7-2 ong, mainly greenish, often shining: scales ovate to m Pera A 3-3.5 mm, ong, somewhat o appressed: achene obovoid l mm. long, e apex, dull ed at t l-bro less than 14 as long as the scale.—Sandy io dus pinelands, and fields, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Pa.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A., 0. m) : a L. Plant annual, up to 6 dm. tall, eee es s ds spikelets i in plume-like clusters, elliptic, mostly 5-10 mm. long, abou wide, yellowish or brownish: seales thin, er Or MR ern $n ong, mucronulate: achene elliptic-obovoid, 1-1.5 mm. long, abr uptly - pointed, as long as the scale or longer. —Swamps a nd cult. grounds, especially about rice- fields, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.; also S N. Y.— N Asia T. legans L. Plant perennial, tufted, up to 7 dm. tall, pale-green: spike- lets A eer linear-elliptic, 6-12 mm. long, light tan-colored or pale- green: scales rhombic-ovate, 2.5-3 mm. lon ng, scabrous on the back, acute, d appressed: achene Mr UM S obovoid), fully 1.5 mm. long, gray, short- beaked, about % as long as the seale.—Sandy soil or marl, Key West and Big Pine Key, Fla.; also in Tex. Eun N. M.—(W. I., Mez., C. A. ) 18. C. o Vahl. Plant perennial, up to 12 dm. tall, bright- or hie lee green, the oe ~ sp ikelets densely o linear- -elliptie to A lanceolate, 5- 12 . long, 2-3 mm. wide, yellow seales ovate, 2— long, obtuse: nd io fully 1 mm. long, the body d contracted at bot h ends, over 15 as long as the seale.—Moist slopes, swamps, and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., Mes., C. A.) 19. C. virens Miehx. Plant perennial, up to 15 dm. tall, often tufted, pale- green: spikelets crowded in rather large clusters, ovate to elliptic- ovate, rela- 148 CYPERACEAE tively narrower in age, 6-14 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, pa ale-green: din Mex ind lanceolate, about 2.5 mm. long, obtuse or acuti sh, nearly straight: e nar- rowly ellipsoid, about 1.5 mm. long, short- -stipitate and short- beaked, aint, fully % as long as the scale. —Dam mp soil, low grounds, and swamps, Coastal - ‘Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.; id E Calif.— —(W. I. Mez., C. 2. psc bn oeeur with nodose eee and sm . pseudovegetus Steud. Plant mm up to 13 dm. tall, sometimes tufted, pale-green: spikelets erowded in rather small uet ovate to orbieu- lar, relative ely narrower in age, 4-6 mm. long E mm. wide, light-green: scales lanceolate, : about 2 mm. long, acute or aeutish, strongly curved: achene linear, fully 1 mm. long, slender tipitato and slen der- neu often curved, over as long as ties eale. t places, E low woods, and itches, Coastal Plain and adj. see Tu. do Te: x., Kans., and N. J.—(W. I.) 21. C. surinamensis Rottb. Plant imd up to 12 dm. tall s solitary or tufted, pale-green, the seape rough above: spikelets -o in rather small dense heads, ovate, narrower and elongate in age, 5- P n; 2— pu wide, yellow or yellowish: seales UN, out 1.5; mm "qns d or aeu dc sa AE ellipsoid, less than 1 Ed short- stipitate a non reed straight, about 14 a3 long as the scale. Mois t grounds, swamps, roadsides, and ditches, "Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.— (V. I., Mer. C. Va S. E 22. C. distans L. Plant perennial, up to 15 s tall, commonly gregarious, light- ‘Sia ond in ag irregular spikes, linear-fil liform, very slender, 9-25 mm. ong Mis n EE . wide, chestnut- rens scales elliptic, about 2 mm. long, obtu the apex, ed imbrieate at maturity: achene ellipsoid or pres pese about 1.5 mm. long, aeute, somewhat shorter than the seale.—Banks, wet woods, and swamps, Coastal Plain and adjacent Pied- man (or Coe (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A., O. W.) 23. C. Haspan L. Plant perennial, up to 11 dm. tall, mu or i pas the scape smooth: spikelets few together in m a ous lax spikes, on stiff stalks, linear to linear-lanceolate, 6-12 mm. long, a ou: mm. wi de mostly reddish-brown: seales elliptie, cipticlanceviate, or EN out 1.5 mm. long, often mucronulate, loosely PA ed: achene pale, the bue oval, MEER Rs broadly obovate, about 0.5 . long, mueronulate, t 15 as long as the seale.—Wet pi nelands, swamps, er ponds, Coastal brin and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., 8. A., 0. W.) 24. C. alternifolius L. s perennial up to 20 dm. tall, often 2 bright-green, the leaves represented by basal sheaths: spikelets ra ather num in head-like spikes whieh te minate « slender curved or dro ooping e ovate o i ong, 2-2.5 S ova - ; : achene brown, the ae obovoid or oval, over mm. long, eee about m as long as the scale-——(UMBRELLA-SEDGE UMBRELLA-PLANT. wamps, cu Nat. of Africa —(W. I. \—Frequently cultivated as an ornamental 25. C. dentatus Torr. Plant perennial, 2-5 dm. tall, somewhat don E green: spikelets in rather lax clusters, linear to linear-lanceolat e, ng, 2-2.5 mm. pd or wi Du scales 0 long, wider, reddish- cale ate to Mi ad m about 2.5 mm. long, mucronate, tip not appressed: achene oe or See -obovoid, iS than 1 mm. long, Ud et .stpitate, abou t % as long as the seale Sandy, often E swamps and river shores, various provinces, C. to Ind. N. Y. and Me. Introd. in Ala. 6. C. LeContei Torr. Plant perenm ial, up to 4 dm. tall, solitary or gre- garious, yellowish-green: spikelets in lax elusters, lanceolate to linear, 10-30 CYPERACEAE 149 mm. long, 3—4 mm, wide, yellow: seales ovate, 3 mm. long or dei blunt, hooded t the apex, the tips appressed: achene ovoid or oval, phe . long or less, Ex ns T sessile, less than 15 as long as the s ud [C. denta atus multiradiatus Torr. E sand-dunes, low grounds, aud pond-margins, Coastal Plain, "la. to L 27. C. rotundus L. Plant apu by tuberous eigen 2-6 dm. tall, gregarious, deep- B spikelets in lax elusters, linea often narrowly 80, . long, wide, mainly purple- Lodi EN ovate to eliptic- b c or ba "the tips appressed: achen a 1-1.5 mm. long, mucronate, about V5 as long as the — (NUT Ss. Coco-GRASS.)—Sandy fields, law Lo an i aay i Coastal Pisin, Fila. to T Tex. and Va. Nat. of the trop.—(W. I ; €. .)—Often becomes a troublesome weed through n. by 2c Mea whieh are edible. 28. C. esculentus L. Plant ne by tuber- pui age eee up to tall, tufted or gregarious, bright-green: spikelets spikes or Mere lanceolate to ii a a p^" Dr do mm. eee or rarely longer, 2-3 mm. wide, stra or yello h-brown: seales ovate to elliptic-ovate, 2-3 mm. jus ind “the tip rather dou achene obovoid or ellipsoid, nearly 1.5—2 mm. long, mucronate, somewhat shone than the scale. [C. phymatoides Muhl]—(CnHuFA. EARTH-ALMOND. YELLOW NUT-GRASS .) —Low grounds, moist rd. river- be d a a and b apos various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., A. B.; oW N.A —(W. I., Mez. ,C. A., O. W.)—Som are a trouble- we ed. geen for hogs, on account "of the tuberiferous rootstocks "which are edible. 29. C. lutescens Torr. & Ho ok. Plant perennial by elongate, often tuber-bear- ing, rootstocks, E mostly 3—9 dm. tall, bright-green: spikelets in lax spikes or panicles, rowly linear, often curved, 20-40 mm. long or sometimes shorter, 1.5—2.5 a, en stramineous: scales ovate, 3-3.5 mm. long, rounded at the apex or abruptly pointed, the tips becoming lax: e ellipsoid-obovoid, nearly 2 mm. long, mucronate, about l5 as long as the seale.—Dry sandy soil and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(Mez., C. A., S. A.) | 30. C. articulatus L. Plant perennial, up to 20 dm. tall gregarious, the nearly terete scape smoo oth, the leaves d pube by basal sheaths: bracts of the involucre very short: spikelets in lax umbel- "d “spikes, narrowly linear, 20—50 iei ong, or sometimes shorter, mo wide, stra neous: seales mainly ovate, mm. long, a acutish or blunt, appressed or De coming lax: are ellipsoid to euneate-ellipsoid, 1.5 m . lo ong or nearly so, mucronate, about 15 as long as the scale —Calcareous swamps, onde "aa eus and ereeks, Coastal Pisin, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., O. W.) Mdb E Ad Muhl. Plant anual 1-5 dm. tall, solitary or gregarious, a scape rough-angled above: bracts of the involuere elongate: spikelets in dense pis or panicles, linear, 6-25 mm. long, 1-1.5 m pire, chestnut-brown: scales vate, or sometimes elliptic- Janecolate, about 1. 5m . long, obtuse or uni pointed, the tips scarcely lax: achene obovoid, nearly 1 mm. long, slightly mucronate, ome 16 - eee as the scale. — Swamps, river- 2 and wet soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Minn., Ont., and Mas 32. C. Halei Torr. Plant annual, up to 1 m. tall, tufted or gregarious, bright- green: spikelets crowded in cylin ndrie spikes, linear, 3-5 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, brown: seales broadly elliptie or obovate, 1-1. 5 mm. long, mucronulate, the tips becoming A lax: achene obovoid, about Lt mm. long, as long as the scale or nearly so.—River banks and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., and perhaps in p Miss. Valley 150 CYPERACEAE 3. C. Martindalei Britton. Plant perennial, 2-7 dm. tall, Do e ied green: E erowded in capitate spikes, linear or nea arly s lon ng, 2-9 m D yellowish-green: scales thick, broadly elliptic X a ovate, 2.5- T ong, notched, mucronulate, o oded a apex, loose ide A bcn eli eaoid, 2—2.5 mm. long, abruptly ne eee shorter we the seale.—Pinelands, sand- hills, and dry woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to and 8. C. 34. C.litoreus (Clarke) Britton. Plant perennial, up to 5 dm. tall, sparingly bun ud Ci To in dense capitate spikes, narrowly linear, 9-12 eales thin, doe to elliptie-ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long or EA na fee ne loos ely imbriea achene linear-ellipsoid, about 1.5 mm. gem minutely cee fully lo as doo as the seale.—Hammocks, Long Key, Fla. C. strigosus L. Plant perennial, 1-9 dm. tall, EE or somewhat tufted bright-green: spikelets in eal dense spikes or panicles, linear, lead m. long, à about 1.5 mm. wide, s eous: seales elliptic. du ola te, 4-5 m long, mu a. usually appressed : y linear- Banus about 2 mm. lo ml Ed pointed at the T. constricted at the base, about 44 as long as the scale mus adows, swamps, fields, and waste ‘places, various provinces, Fla. o Tex "Min , Ont A Me.—Often very persistent on accoun of the tuberiferous rena cel forms differing in size and habit have been x ven names. C. stenolepis Torr. Plant perennial, up to 12 dm. tall, Pa B ORA bius e jud in rather dense spikes or panicles, linea long, mostly 1.5-2.5 wide. stramineous: seales linear to niue unde -5 mm. long, somewhat jas at maturity: achene narrowly ellipsoid or linear- ellipsoid, about 2 mm. long, dcn pointed at the apex, constricted at the base, less than % as long as the e.—Swamps and low grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. 37. C. praelongatus Steud. Plant der Mp to 1 m. tall, sometimes tufted, bright-green: spikelets in i cs lax spikes or panieles, linear-subulate or iu subula te, 8-14 mm. long, 1 mm. wide or less, gr n mewhat stramineous: scale es d pu mm. long, mucronate, closely Pars "emm ellipsoid or nearly so, 1.5-2 m. long, abruptly pointed, less than 4% as long as the scale.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain and adj. pr deuda Miss. to Tex. and Tenn.—(Mez.) 38. C. refractus Engelm. Plant perennial, 2-9 dm. tall, solitary or gregarious, pei ae spikelets in lax spikes or panieles, very narrow wly linear or subu- -30 m s fuly 1 mm ; ob -3 h Y, as long as the seale.—Dry woods, fields, river-banks, and swamps, Coastal Plain and rarely more N Dn Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. J. ©. floridanus Britton. ee d 1-7 dm. tall, tufted, bright-green: ia ts of the involuere smooth, pikelets in capitate sessile spikes, linear-subulate, 6—10 mm. long, dm wide or less, chestnut-brown: scales broadly elliptie - ovate- elliptic, a 2 mm. long, blunt, closely t achene ellipsoid or nearly so, about 1.5 mm. long, abruptly pointed, nearly a long as the scale. iur So, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.— (W. I.) i 40. C. retrofractus (L.) Torr. Plant perennial, up to 1 m. tall, solitary or gregarious, grayish -green : bracts of the involucre sooth or nearly SO, i as ong inflorescence, pubescent: spikelets crowded in turbina or = obovate aia spikes, subulate, 5-7 mm. long, less than 1 mm. wide, d CYPERACEAE 151 ish or ld Ese mostly 4 or 5, various, the lower nee short ue broad, the upper and narrow, closely appressed: achene lin 2. a 3 m n ng, abruptly ue at the apex, eonstrieted at the base, over alae lon a the seale.—San ndy a and did soil, and T woods, Coastal Plain a P NS more N provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. J. 41. C. dipsaci a, Fernald. Plant perennial, 2-8 dm. tall, the scape k at least above: bracts of the involucre shorter than the inflorescence, or longer, often sparingly a. e rather crowded in obovate or cylindric- obovate 3d. subulate, 5— pes s ng, yellowish or Dn seales mostly 4—6, various, the lower Pow and broad, the upper long and narrow: chene ime about 3 lo a presta pointed at the apex, slightly con- stricted at the base, fully E as long as the seale.—Dry, often acid, sandy soil, and woods, Coastal Plain and adj. e pa Ga. to Ky. and N. J. 42. C. hystricinus Fernald. Plant perennial, 3-8 dm. tall, the scape smooth: braets - the involucre smooth: spikes oval or obovoid, 1.5-3 em. long: spikelets uid 4—10 mm. long, becoming golden-brown, ~~ lower en cee eales Pl subulate or linear-subulate, 3-5 mm. lon r shorte e bas of the spikelet, acute: achene linear, 9-9. om ire DOS ee a the apex, somewhat constricted at the base, much shorter than the scales.—Dry sandy soil and pinelands, Coastal Plain, "Ga. to Tex., Ark., and N. J. 43. ©. ERA Porter. Plant e up to 8 dm. tall, tufted or gre- garious , bright-green: spikes E or nea oo , 1-2.5 em. long, not very den . lon spik =: linear-subulate, 8-10 m ng, 2—4-flowered, | pale. green:; sca Ye ae oblong t oe ‘lanceolate, 4-5 m m. long, acute or acutish, appre essed: achene linear- “ellipsoi 2. . long or prs larger, abruptly pointed, about 14 * long as the b or more E and river-banks, various provinces, Ga. Ark., Pa., and N. J. 44. C. retrorsus Chapm. Plant perennial, 2—7 dm. tall, the seapes smooth: ate narrowly obovoid or eylindrie-obovoid, 1—1.5 mm. g, dense, quas mpound: spikelets subulate, 2-3 mm. long, the lower one beeoming reflexed: o a dug ng, 2-3 mm. long, closely appressed: achene broadly Pec ess tha m. long, abruptly pointed, somewhat shorter than the seale.—Sandy soil, EH and eult. grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. an d Ga 45. C. Torreyi Britton. Plant aye 1—5 dm. tall, Piin pr tufted: red n qe s vx A so, 1. . long or less, den spikelets linear- e A. d ong, A or ess, 1—2-flow a i scales few, ong, often. notched and muc i m 2 hose apex, Ed. Mem pod ‘tulle 1.5 m eres nun pointed a m constricted at the base, fully % as long as the scale. [C. ha il ) Britton.]—Sandy, often acid, soil, low grounds, and pond m V l Plain and adj. pr ov- inces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and S N. Y.—(W. I.) 46. ©. Deeringianus o & pow Plant perennial, 4—12 dm. tall, e ish-green: spikes cylindric, 1-3 cm. long, very dense, the main ones usually compound: spikelets apie 24 mm. long, fully 0.5 mm. wide, 1-9 flowered, yellowish: scales usually 3, ovate, 2-2.5 mm ta ng, mucronulate, appressed: ` somewhat constricted at the base, abou t 28 as long as the seale. . cylindro- stachys (Fl. .) ]—Pin nelands, prairies, swamps, hammocks, and marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga. 47. C. Pollardi Britton. Plant M Tp up to 13 dm. tall, bright- pee spikes oe to ellipsoid, 1-2 em. long, dense: spikelets linear, 3—4.5 m long, 1-1 wide, green: i few, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 2-2.5 mm. 152 CYPERACEAE long, often abruptly p rather lax: achene linear-ellipsoid, about 1.5 mm. long, abruptly pointed, r 1% as long as the seale.—Pinelands, hammocks, mps, and Rue der. Flan —(W. I.) 48. C. Winkleri Britton & E Plant perennial, tall, often tufted, Light green: T ellipsoid, 1-1.5 c E o s linear-subulate , 5-6 long, mostly 5—6-flowered, stramineous: scales mostly 6 or 7, ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, mae ate: achene BI ellipsoid, slightly over 1 mm. long, a pointed, about 25 as long as the scale.—Humbuggus prairie, Dade Co., Fla 49. C. Plankii Britton. Plant perennial, stouter than C. Torreyi, ae green: spikes eerie or ellipsoid-cylindric 1.5-2 cm. long, very dense: spikelets subulat e 5-7 mm. long, mostly 4- or O-flowered, sometimes NY met) green: scales few, ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long, abruptly pointed: achene ellipsoid’ or linear od about 1.5 mm. long, abruptly pointed, fully 15 as long as the ale—Low grounds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Miss. to Tex. and Okla. 50. C. ovularis (Michx.) Torr. Plant perennial, 1-8 dm. tall, often tufted, the scape s:nooth: spikelets compactly crowded in globular capitate spikes, linear or elliptic, 3-7 mm. long, ‘greenish: scales ovate to ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, the ad nes 3-5 mm. long (7-11 mm. long and spikes larger in C. ripis TO c d appr ne ‘achene linear- -ellipsoid or ellipsoid-obovoid, 2.5 mm. lo dig rely smaller, abruptly pointed, fully 1 as long as the scale —Dry fields, pios ond hillsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kan Ill., and N. 51. C. Nashii 2 c perennial, up to 11 dm. es DR green: spikes Fir iim to oval, 1 cm. long or less, dense, often compou pikelets subulate, m. long, less [4 1 mm. wide, green or yellowish- Bn pem few, ellip- tic-ovate, 2.5-3 m ong, often oci. at the broad apex, appressed: achen ellipsoid-linear or PIA D) about 2 mm. long, sone que: shorter than the ae. —Pinelands and sandy soil, pen. Fla. . globulosus Aubl. Plant perennial, 1-6 dm. tall, often gregarious or Ae bright-green: spikelets in rather compact capitate spikes, linear-subu- fully 1 mm. wi late, 4-8 mm. lon : les few ovate-lanceolate, mostly "$4 mm. long, acute, appre achene SEDE obovoid or ellips soid, about 1.5 mm. long, abruptly bea at the apex, con stricted at the ae fully 15 as long as i scale. [C. echinatus (Ell.) Wood.] mo ~ ds id soil, astal Plain and a J: provinces, Fla. to , Mo. and Va. —(W. I.)—The Bem C. Grayi Torr. of northern regions bns. pn Zoid from the Southern pone but is. erroneously. 53. C. ligularis L. Plant perennial, up to 13 dm. tall, sometimes clust pier glaucous: spikes cylindric or ellipsoid, nee 1-2.5 em. long, den nae sometim crowded: cd Aes AN or ovate- Pu. 8-6 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, gr i to green: scales oval, 2-2.5 mm. long, obtuse or do achene ellipsoid or seer. d. 5 mm . long or uu SO, pem fully 1 as long as the seale.—Swamps, hammocks, and Ed places, Fla. and coast of Ala.— (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A, O. W.) 54. C. cayennensis (L.) Britton. Plant po UP to 7 sn T Ridge tufted, bc green: spikes cylindric, hue dt . long, d nearly and clustered in the involuc Dd ellipsoid or elipsoid ovoid, 3-5 mm. ju ye po or po chestnut scales ovate to elliptic, 2-3.5 m long, mucronate, appressed: ach obovoid, about 2 mm. long, Page diate fully 16 as long as the scale, — Fields, ditches, swamps, and waste-places, Missis- sippi River delta, La. and Coastal Plain, Tex.—( , C. —A plant collected at St. Augustine in 1876 by A. P. Garber has the spikes capitate as in this species; but the spikelets are very slender and the achene is linear- ellipsoid. CYPERACEAE 193 55. C. hermaphroditus (Jaeq.) Britton. Plant perennial, up to 8 dm. tall, often spari ngly bou puri a T a baa to ig dric: aera wid lets linear-subul , 5- ong, les e, green or yellowi scales mainly clint, fully pe m. lon s ud jn A dde appressed cies on .1.5-2 mm. long, m mco fully 14 as long as the scale.—Wet am-banks and. eas Coastal Plain, Ala.—(W. I., Mez., C. M 5. A.) 56. C. dissitiflorus Torr. Plant perennial, up to 9 dm. tall, sometimes spar- ingly tufted, bright-green: spikelets linear-subulate, 5-8 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. wide, chest tnut- colored: scales ovate to elliptic, 2.5-3 mm. lon ng, or abruptly pointed at o Aa clos nd imbrieate: achene ellipsoid Or cp broadened upward, long, abruptly pointed, fully 12 as long as the scale.—Sandy soil ae vi EA Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. 57. C. tetragonus El. Plant p 2-11 dm. tall, often solitary: n year es em. long, not dense: spikelets linear- elliptic js biu de 3-6 m ong, 1. wide, chestnut- ere scales oblong. t ate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, eee or mucronate, loosely appressed: achene ellipsoid, nee broadly , 2 mm. long o r nearly so, often slightly curved, much shorter than the scale. Des sandy soil, swamps, and ha mmocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. C. multifiorus (Britton) Small. Plant perennial, 2-7 dm. tall, tufted or Rem bright-green: round S erowded in short often depressed capitate spikes, linear, M 10-25 mm. long, fully 1.5 mm. uea flat, green: scales numerous, ovate to elliptic-ovate, the lower de 2-2.5 mm. long, ’ the u upper 3—4 mm. long, obscurely mucronulate, lax, the tip, at Pen somewhat spreading: achene ellipsoid, E inequilateral, ded 1.5-2 mm. long, abruptly pointed at the apex, constricted at the base, the lower ones nearly as long as the scale, the upper fully 14 as long. —Sandy soll, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I.) 59. C. filiculmis Vahl. Plant perennial, 1-6 dm. tall, the scapes sometimes reclining: spikes capitate, all sessile in the involucre or some slender-stalked: spikelets linear, 9-21 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, 8-16-flowered, (4—8-flowered and wis r pale- ets 3-8 mm. b in C. fili e green: scales ovate or elliptic, rae mm. long, often mucronulate, loosely ap- pressed: achene obovoid, about 2 mm. long, abruptly pointed, fully 14 as long as the scale.—Dry ste rile, ao “soil, and fields, various provinces, Fla. Tex., Minn., Ont., and N. 'H.— (Mes -) 60. C. Blodgettii Torr. Plant t perennial, 1-3 dm. tall, tufted, bright-green: spikes capitate, all sessile in the o koyar slender- stalked : spikelets peta to hee inia 6-8 mm. long, 1.5 wide, chestnut-colored: scales ov ly 2-2.5 mm. long, ai or slightly mu dede rather oo PAA achene ellipsoid or slightly obovoid, 1—1.5 mm. long, abruptly pointed, much over 15 as long as the scale rau soil in hammocks, . Upper Matecumbe Key and Key West, Fla. 61. C. fuligineus a Plant perennial, 1-4 dm. tall, pu the leaf- sheaths blackish: spikes capitate, sessile in the Eon od 1-1. 5e in diameter: spikelets linear or linear-elliptie, 4-11 em. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide. dark-brown: scales oval or ovate, abou mm. ia rounded or mucr ronulate, appressed: achene ellipsoid-obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, 1-1.5 mm. long, abruptly pointed, fully % as long as the scale—Rocky soil in hammocks, Key West, Fla.— (W. I.) 62. C. tree Sw. p perennial, 1.5-12 dm. tall, solitary or clustered, the scapes s spikes sessile terminal head or on unequal stalks, rather lax: Se je or e co 9-17 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, chestnut- 154 CYPERACEAE colored: scales oval, ovate, or elliptic, 3—4 mm. long, mucronate, rather loosely appressed: achene obo void, ellipsoid- -obovoid, or ellipsoid, about 1.5 mm. long, abruptly pointed, fully A as long as the scale. [C. Ottonis Boeckl. e and dry sand, sea-beaches, and hammocks, Fla.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., ) 63. C. Engelmannii Steud. Plant annual, 1-7.5 dm. tall, often tufted, bright- green: spikes lax, mostly Bien pd at an ends of short stalks: spikelets nar- rowly linear to linear-subulat —25 m E ng, less than 1 mm. wide, often curved, greenish-brown: s Serm ‘elliptic i ovate- ‘elliptic, 2-2.5 mm. long, blunt mucro os ppres he . lon eis slightly curved, acute, somewhat shorter than the scale.—Low grounds and mps Y ous provinees N of Coastal Plain, W Tenn. (?) to W Ark., Wis. Ont "Rass. p N N. Y. .; adv. in Ala. 64. C. des L. C. Rich. Plant annual, up to 9 dm. tall, tufted or gregarious, bright-gre Ara rather crowded at the ends of slender stalks: spikelets na arrowly ine Pues mm. long or rarely WES 1-1.5 mm. wide, yellowish or pointed, Poe t 15 as lon ng a as the osse ue ad p sand-dunes, es low grounds, various b aud Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Mass.; also o the Pacifie Coast.— — (WF. I., Mex., C. A., 8. A., 0. W.) 65. C. speciosus Vahl. Plant annual, 1—4.5 dm. tall, usually tufted, eee green: en mostly bad at the ends of the slender ers spikele let ar- rowly linear, 8-18 m ong or rarely longer, 1 mm. wide or less, Straight or nearly so, Dh or alsa wish-brown: scales ovate or elliptic. -ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long, mostly de rather loosely appressed: achene ellipsoid or Bud obovoid, 1.5-2 mm. long, abr ers pointed, fully 1 as long as the —L bn dii: ; , ditches, and banks, 1 Wi Fla. to Tex. s Dak., and Mass.; also on the Pacif. slope.—( W. I ex.) 66. C. dcs eid 3 orton. Plant t pe erennisl, up to 20 dm. tall, gre Bu : ye : achene br Sate obovo id or eg TG pre than 1.5 mm. long, abruptly pointed, ‘about 14 as long as the seale.—Low grounds, swamps, and pond-mar- gins, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Calif.—(Mez.) 5. KYLLINGA Rottb. Annual or perennial pec often tufted, herbs. Leaf-blades very narrow. Spikelets several or ma volucrate head, the involuere of 3 or more elongate bracts. Seales nosty pe or 4-ranked, the 2 lower e a the middle one fructiferous, the upper empty or staminate. Perianth wanting. Stamens 1-3. Style not enlarged, decidua ous. Stigmas mostly 2. ree lenticular.—About 45 species, natives of warm regions.— Sum.—fall, or all year S. SORBET scales ie the spikelets with ciliate or scabrous keels, sharp- r firm nted. Achone C Dody of an ellipsoid type: plants ee 1. K. pumila. Achene-body of an obovate type: plants Derenn 2. K. brevifolia. m scales of the spikelets with smooth keels, oi or merely cutish. 3. K. odorata. 1. K. pumila Michx. Annual; densely tufted, the scapes 0.5-4 dm. long, erect or aug leaf-blades mostly less than 2 mm. wide: braets of the involuere > CYPERACEAE 155 spreading or M ed id ipd or ovoid- le 6-7 mm. long, solitary or accompanied dt T ikelets 2.5-3 mm. long, the scales long, mucronulate.—Moist DAC nd and wet soil, various provinces, Fla. t D oe Ohio, and Md.— —(W. I., Mex., c. Aa; K. brevifolia L. Perennial, tufted o E o the scapes up to 3 dm. tall: leaf- blades 1-2.5 mm. wide: bracts of the invo- lu ng: , 9-10 mm. long, greenish, commonly inclined: spikelets ue mm. long, the scales irm po pe the o larger ones somewhat unequal: achene- body obovoid or Bl ebovód, eb] l . lon [K.m L.]—Low gro ui pe “moist ds pla Coastal Plains, Fla. to Tex. and Ga—(W. I. Mex., C. A., S. A.) K. odorata Vahl. Annual or n tufted, the seapes 1-3 dm. bp ones of the involucre 4 or 5, becoming reflexed: spikes 2 or 3 together tt ovoid to cylindric, 8-15 nn. D the terminal one the largest, are pale whitish: spikelets 3—3.5 mm. pes ei scales bl ud pi merely acutish, the bo larger ones slightly unequal: achene-body obov mm. long, oo ulate.—Moist to wet soil, roa jeden, Ga ditches, lu Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.— —(W. I., Mex., C. A., 8. A.) 6. ABILDGAARDIA Vahl. eren- nial, or sometimes perhaps annual sca- pose tufted herbs. Leaf-blades very nar- ae Spikelets usually solitary, several- many-flowe ubt small bract Seales firm, imbricate mostly in rows, deciduous. Per h wan Stamens 1-3; filaments nar- d warty.—About 15. species, widely dis- tributed in warm regions. 1. A. monostachya (L.) Vahl. Plant 1-4 dm. tall, glabrous: leaves shorter than the scapes; blades involute: involucre Me Mp Spikelet ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, 1-1.5 em. long, o r longer: scales , 5-6 mm. long, acute or mucronulate: anthers nearly 2 mm. long: a ale; e, 2.5-3 mm. long, the body globose or broadly obovoid, ay pointed, the stipe aaa. —Ham mocks, pinelands, and "s Everglades, vile oan Keys, pen. Fla. and on the Florida Keys.—(W. I., S. A., O. W.)—All yea 7. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl. Annual or perennial seapose herbs. Leaf- blades flat or involute. Spikelets in umbel-like or capitate clusters, often rather large, ahi several-many-flowered. Scales firm, deciduous. Perianth ting. Stamens 1-3: filaments slender. Ovary sessile or nearly so: style 156 CYPERACEAE pr i or swollen at the base, mostly ciliate, deciduous. Stigmas 2 or Achene lenticular or 3-angled, reticulate, cancellate, or ribbed lengthwise, oi feces —About 130 species, of wide geographic distribution.—Sum.-fall. Stigmas 2: achene lenticular. I. CASTANEAE. Stigmas 3: achene 3-angled. II. AUTUMNALES. CASTANEAE Spikelets peduncled and in umbels, or sessile and solitary. Achene not ribbed, smooth or cancellate in rows, leaf- ade es mostly involute: plants perennial. Spec UE or with 1, 2, or 3 additional pedun- cled o : involucre minute or "malt inconspicuous, mos Shobter than the inflorescence 1. F. schoenoides. Spikelets several or many : involucre conspicuous, usu- du wi E some of the bracts longer than the in- or Styles swollen at the Scales the B at least the lower ones, uber ulent or minutely pubescent. Aene broadly obovoid, truncate or broadly IE E at the top: leaf-blades SU Ones invo 2. F. puberula. Achene ene obovoid or ellipsoid-obovoid, somew ipe narrowed at the Eus leaf- blades Eua onn 8. F. ; Scales of the ‘spikelets glabrou 4. F. castanea. Styles Sio swollen at the base. 5. F. anomala. Achene ribbed lengthwise and reticulate: leaf-blades mostly at, except in age. Achene with smooth or nearly smooth ribs: perennial. 6. F. diphylla. Achene with copio p tubercled ribs: plants annual. ss F. Baldwiniana. Spikelets several. sessile a oe in a terminal head. Scales of the spikele eta pu nate: achene obovoi 8. F. Vahlii. Scales of the spikelets SuBulete d pede achene ellipsoid- cylindric 9. F. perpusilla. II, AUTUMNALES Spikelets ovoid or oval to lanceolate. Umbel simple or sparingly branched : spikelets stout, ovoid or oval, obtuse 10. F. geminata. Umbel much- ipancnede spikelets narrow, linear-oblong to lanceolate, acute. 11. F. autumnatis. Spikelets subglobose : umbel decompound. — 12. F. miliacea. F. schoenoides Vahl. Perennial, up to 4 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-bla atten nuate from the slightly di lated bases, solite; braets of the inv ne inconspicuous: spikelets solitary, o m h 1, 2, or 3 Ho Re: Ti tia ones, ovoid or conic-ovoid, 5-12 mm. lon B pal aridi seales 3— im . long, blunt or acutish: achene broadly obovoid, js than p long, ee whitish, —Low grounds and wet pinelands, W Fla. and S Ga. Introduced.—( 0. W.) F E E Vahl. d ies. l-7 dm ely pubescent, at leas parts: loaf. see involute, thus often as slender, ciliate, and u lly more or less pu- nvolucre small: spikelets ovoid, 5— 10 ] rown: scales 3—4 g, usu- eron Fs broadly obovoid, about 1 mm. long, can- |) cellate, brownish. [F. castanea puberula (Miehx.) Britton F. spadicea (Fl. SE. U. S.)]—Low grounds, swamps, and wet nom Coastal Plain. and en provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ill., and N. 3. F. Harperi Britton Perennial, 2-6 dm. tall, light-green: leaf-blades flàt or CYPERACEAE 157 somewhat involute in age, ciliate, often de oria involuere rather small: -o d p bic cylindric, 8-14 mm. long, chestnut-colored: s 3.54 m ong, ronate, puberulent: sche narrowly obovoid or ellineoid. bog a LB 5 mm. long, pale.—Sand-dunes, beaches, and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga. 4. F. castanea (Michx.) Vahl. dig up to 1 m. tall, deep-green: leaf- blades involute, d glabrous: nvolucre small: spikelets eons or ovoid-ellipsoid, 6—10 long, br ei seales 3.5—4.5 s ng, obtuse or acutish, glabrous: E obovoid or e dae about 15. mm ong, bro Salt m d marshes, and low pinelands, various oe except ea lachian, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Mich., and N. Y.—(W. I.) : = rue Boeckl. Perennial, up to 9 dm. tall, bright- e EE pecia involute, ipe often pubescent: involuere ineonspieuous: spik me Mipsoia. ovoid, often w, 9-13 mm. long, pale-br dp he: 3.54 ii long, obtuse or a ne a. mm Ke less n 1.5 mm. long, bro [F. Drummond (Torr. & Hook.) Bocckl.] Low loui Coastal Plain, Miss. to Tex. 6. F. iia s Vahl. Perennial, 1-6 dm. tall, mn noe ype very n involute, at least in age: involucre with o of t bracts ae du spikelets ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipso jid, 5- lm . lo Rs pale: seales about 2.5 mm. long, mueronate, glabrous: achene broadly Coa about 1 mm. long, pale, uo oor ribbed, the ribs smooth or nearly so ae lise bus led. [F. laxa Vahl.]—River-banks, low grounds, fields, swamps, and waste-places, x. Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga. Nat. of trop. 4 Mez., C. A., S. A., O. W.) 7. F. Baldwiniana (Schult.) Torr. Annual, 1—4 dm. tall, glabrous or spar- ingly pubescent: leaf-blades very narrow, flat or nearly so: involucre of 3-5 mm S nm. lon g broadly obovoid, fully 1 mm. long, pale, longitudinal ribbed, the ribs tubercled.—Low wet to dryish grounds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Pa. id .1.)—Formerly included in "the next cea ae species. 8. F. Vahlii (Lam.) L per F dm. tall: leaf-blades setaceous or filiform, scabrous: eu va slender: pris of several setaceous elongate bracts: spikelets ellipsoid- cylindric, 4-8 mm. long, obtuse, greenish- ied ide 1.5-2 mm. long, acuminate, the tip eie aehene obovoid, about 0. ong, ye ellowish- white. —River- banks and low gro oad Coastal an and E provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. Mex.) 9. F. pe it dapat Harper. Annual, 3 em. tall: leaf-blades Mrd smooth or nearly s eapes setaceous, in small prostrate radiatin S: involu uere of several slender setaceous ab. ri the inflorescence: "spike elets p 1-2 mm. in n eter, gre yello on pedun up t mm. scales LL. om pees subulate tipped, e tip iode P Bc. po b. soid-cylindrie, about 0.5 mm. long, pa Pape ponds, near Leslie, on the Coastal Plain of Ga.—Fall.—Collected only o 10. F. short branches: spikele = ovoid | or oval, 2-5 mm. long, obtuse reddish-bro seales lanceolate, muero achene obovoid, fully 0.5 long, distinc Pd. reticulate. [F. Frankü "Steud | —Sandy fields, bottoms, — shores, various provinees, Ga t0 La. Ont., and Que. 11. F. autumnalis (L.) R. and S. Annual, 1—4 dm. tall: umbels usually with long branches: spikelets ed ellipsoid p lanceolate, 6-10 mm. long, acute, 158 CYPERACEAE brown or greenish-brown: seales ovate pcd or lanceolate, mucronate: achene obovoid, scarcely 0.5 mm. long, ooth or indistinetly reticulate.— Moist soil, sa ndy banks, pond-margins, and meadows, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans. , Mich., and Mass.—(W. I., Mes., (?), S. A.)—Plant erect. . F.miliacea Vahl. Annual (always ?), 2-6 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades ensiform, long- by d sca weak, often loosely tufted: T h numerous, subglobose, 2-3 mm. long, obtuse, pale-brown: scales o fully 1 mm. long, apni: iene ee fully 0.5 mm. ae ae minutely ear o E and ditches, N Fla. Nat. of the trop—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A., . W.)—Plant prostrate. 8. NOPHYLLUS Raf. Annual tufted seapose herbs. Leaf-blades setaceous, linear, or filiform. Spikelets in umbel-like clusters, pu Or red dac Wisi small, terete or nearly iio few—many-flow . Scales firm, short, ous. Perianth wanting. Stamens 2 or 3: FM very piri Ovary se s or short-stipitate: style im at the base, glabrous, the base persistent. Stigmas 2 or 3. Achene lenticular or 3-angled, smooth or papil- lose, diri in with a tuberele.—About 90 species, abundant in warm regions.—Spr.— Spikelets in open or compact umbel-like clusters, or rarely Sica Leaf-blades serrulate or minutely ciliate, usually scabrous. Umbel-like E of spikelets simple: achene versely wrinkled. 1. S. capillaris vel -like dte of spikelets compound : achene papil- Achene about 1 mm. long: umbellike cluster of Spikelets open. 2. S. ciliatifolius. chene about 0.5 mm. long: umbel-like cluster of Spikelets compact. 3. S. Carteri. af- blades smooth and glabrous or nearly so. 4. S. coarctatus. Le xd in a terminal involucrate he s ets of the involucre Ra rds at the Achene fully 0.5 m lone Sour P as long as the seale: scales Sor ti ipped. 5. S. barbatus. Achene about 1 mm. long, about 1% as long as the scale: seales slender-tipped. 6. S. stenophyllus. Bracts of the involucre fimbriate at the base. 1. S. Warei. 1. S. capillaris (L.) Britton. Plant 0.5-2.5 dm. tall: leaf-blades minutely era a PET Pf sometimes near the top: spikelets narrowly ellip- oid, 5-8 mm. long, a single c en or tree scien a da qu. about 2 mm. long, obtuse or emarginate, often Eau. yellow-brown, slightly stipitate. — ( H AIR- SEDGE.)—Dry to wet sandy and did soil, and fields, various bus ii Fla. Tex Calif., Ore., Ont, and Me.—(W. L Mez., C. A., g. A.) | 2. S. ciliatifolius (Ell) C. Mohr. Plan ae dm. pa leaf-blades serrulate- E capes s scabrous near the top: spike- lets linear- ‘ellipsoid, 2—4 mm. long, in a com pound cluster: dines bu do ovate or deis ne about 1.5 mm. long. obtuse or opio did pointed, n ciliolate toward the gue Alo broadly obovoid or turbinate, abou m. long, bluish, barely stipitate.— Pinelands, dry sandy soil, and sand- hills, den Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C. CYPERACEAE 199 3. S. Carteri Britton. Plant 1-2 dm. eu pe eee d ciliate: scapes smooth: spikelets mainly < d 2—4 m ong, mpou and purs scales ovate, slightly over 1 mm. long, ae pointe ted or obtu broadly obovoid or turbinate, bon 0.5 mm. long, not stipitate ne inelands, Everglades Keys, Fla. 4. S. coarctatus (Ell.) Britton. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so: scapes smooth: spikelets linear-ellipsoid, or ellipsoid, 2-6 mm. long, j n i cluster: scales broadly ovate, about 1.5 m obtuse or minutely pointed: achene turbinate, about 1 mm. long, pale, slightly stipitate.—Pinelands and sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and S. C. . S. barbatus (Rottb.) Britton. Plant 0.5-2 dm. tall: leaf-blades iE ciliate: scapes smooth or nearly so: Re linear to linear- in iur 4—8 mm. long, der capitate: scales 1-2 mm. long, each with a minute slightly ` spreading tip: achene bro PA SN “fully 05 mm. long, ES minutely stipitate. d d (Rottb.) R. Pr. S. floridanus Britton. ]— (W ATER- GRASS.)— E oadsides, dels and gardens, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and 8. C. Nat ES op 6. S. stenophyllus (Ell) Britton. Plant 1-2 dm. tall: leaf- por PRA ciliate: scapes scabrous, at least above: spikelets ellipsoid to linear, 5-7 m a j n involuer ly 2 an pubescent: achene obovoid, about 1 mm. long, bluish-white, rounded under the tubercle, contracted at the base.—Pinelands, a and dry sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C. 7 S. War E Britton. Plant 1-4 dm. tall: leaf-blades smooth or m rA scabrous scapes smooth and glabrous: spikelets ovoid to ellipsoid- oid, 5-7 mm. long, capita isi head sessile in an wipe of ey vide broad fimbriate bases and setaceous tips: scales ovate, mostly ong, abruptly vius ‘tipped, finely Denn nt: achene turbin F or bil. obovoid less than 1 mm. long, white, truncate or notched under the tubercle, somewha f out fd at the base.—Dry sandy soil, pinelands, sandhills, and roadsides, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga. | 9. BLEOCHARIS R. Br. Annual or perennial Hc tufted’ herbs. Leaves reduced to more or less pus M he aths paa are truncate or some- times produeed into tooth-like ongate blades. Scapes simple, ex- eept when proliferous. Pu inm RN en or flattened, ereet, the subtending bract inconspicuous. Scales spirally imbricate. Perianth of 1-12, usually 6, retrorsely barbed bristles, or wanting. Stamens 2 or 3. Ovary mostly sessile: style swollen at the base. Stigmas 2 or 3. Achene lenticular or 3-angled, ond or variously roughened, capped by a tubercle formed by the persistent base of the style.—About 150 species, widely dis- tributed in cool and warm regions.—Spr.-fall, or all year S.—SPIKE-RUSHES. Spikelets scarcely if at all thicker than the scape; scales mostly leathery. I. CELLULOSAE. ee | manifestly thicker than the Scape; scales mostly Stigmas 2: achene lenticulate or biconvex. II. OBTUSAE. Stigmas 3: achenes 3-angled or turgid. III. TENUES. I. Scape nodose-septate: bristles poorly Piscis pamm than the achene or rarely equalling it. 1. E. equisetoides. Scape the ach ee bristles well-developed longer than e ach 160 | CYPERACEAE ecd terete 2 at least above: bristles smooth: tubercle f the achene deltoid. Seane angled or ened: bristles toothed: tubercle of the achene narrow lanceolate or shen Scape ate mostly over n diameter: tubercle e achene lanceolate. — Scape uere mostly less than 2 mm. in diameter: tubercle of the achene subulate. Achen e 2 2.5 mm. long, mostly lenticular : bristles abo uw equalling the top of the tuber Achene about 1 mm. long, mostly 3- 2d: bristles about equalling the base of the tubercle. II. OBTUSAE Upper sheath scarious, edm: plant perennial by slender rootstocks. Achene about 0.5 mm. lo ong. Se Te ab green or De white: perianth-bristles r than the achen Scales bonn pe bristles shorter than the achene. Bue about 1 m lo ons perianth-bristles longer than achene ; Beales: bro Upper cheat truncate, oblique. or toothed, not scarious. Plant annual, wit "fibrous roots Scape capillary : spikelets with 1-4 achenes. Scape slender: spikelets with several to many achenes. Achene black. COH about 0.5 mm. long: perianth-bristles usually 2-4, pues e mostly 2-9 cm. tall. Achene about 1 long: perianth-bristles m 5-8, Boost scape mos 5 tall. Achene pale-brown to white. Scape filiform or bristle- like: achene white. Scales of the s a ikelets pale, with brown mid- rib: achene whitish: upper leaf-sheath Aire M obt iure Scales of the Bd dark, with whitish mid- rib and m argin S on either side of the dark- BEY. PD achene brown: upper leaf- Shcath sien eats, acute. Scape slender: achenes pale-brown. Perianth- no longer than the achene: spikelets ovoid. P bristies m. longer than the achene, ort or wanting: spikelets cylindric. Plant — I Wir DOr eont rootstocks. Sc as eg septate: achene about 1 mm. long: tuber- cle Scape ee achene 1.5 mm. long or nearly so: tubercle con III. TENUES Achene cancellate. Achene longitudinall d. Achene not itudinally miol ribbed. Scape filiform : spikelets with 1-4 achen Scape slender: spikelets with eee Samy, achenes. Ss linear- pt E often proliferous. Spikelets ovoid to conic-ovoid, not proliferous. Tu bercle conic. poene than the achene. ees miter-like, as large as the achene or Achene smooth, papi illose, or eee ridged-reticulate, dpud terete or nearly so, 6-20-flow Ac smooth, ellipsoi id-obovoid bus aS EO capillary : achene-body ia nr. P Scape filiform: achene-body long. Upper leat sheath] badeless: : perianth- -bristles oe ut as the achene: ache è tha 0.5 ae long, up D mm. Spikelet scales Jax, not coneealing the enes: perianth-bristles about as lone as the achene: achene ellipsoid- obovoid, nearly 1 mm. long, pale brown, the tubercle minute, depressed- . E. cellulosa. . E. quadrangulata. 4. E. Robbinsii. . E. elongata. RA o . E. flaccida. . E. praticola. . E. olivacea. . E. capillacea. . E. atropurpurea. . E.caribaea. 12. E. uncialis. .. E. bicolor. 14. E. obtusa. . E. Engelmannii. . E. nodulosa. . E. calva. . E. acicularis. . E. retrofieza. . E. vivipara. . E. simpler. . E. tuberculosa. . E. microcarpa. . E. Torregana. CYPERACEAE Spikelet-scales closely concealing the achenes: perianth-bristles very short or paca atid achene pyriform, about . long, whitish the tubercle a "ike crown with a minute tip. . E. Brittonii. with an acicular blade: . E. carolina. Achen paced: Serculate, broadly obovoid. 27. E. Curtis. Spikelets flattened, 2-6- flowered, Oron OTO rous, Achene obovoid : tubercle deltoid or depressed. . E. prolifera. Ac Hene ellipsoid or nearly so: tubercle abruptly subulate- Vpred . E. Baldwinü. doge Elend or S ap vis "plainly distinguishable from the achene. moo Tubercle d covering the top of the black achen 30. E. melanocarpa. Tubere ie low-conic, acute, contracted at the base. . E. albida. Achene papillose or TL ridged-reticulate. Achene with the 3 angles ribbed. . E. tricostata. Achene obtusely 3-an led. slender to occ filiform, not flat- ien ed: seales obtuse. Bristles 2-4, shorter than the achene: achene strongly papillose. 33. F. capitata. Bristles 6, the longer as long as the achene: achene desi reticulate. 34. E. arenicola. Scape flattened: scales acu 35. E. acuminata. Tubercle conic-subulate or pyramidal, andy distin- i guishable from the achene. 36. E. rostellata. E. equisetoides (Ell.) Torr. aaa up to 1 m. tall, the scapes nodose, leaf-sheaths often ect ie ing: spike elet cylindric, 2.5-4 em. long, flowere d boris s mostly o Bun long, owly margin b. ps E bristles as ree d the achene or Ern Or Tex., Mich., and Mass.—(W. I., Mex S. A.) i 2. p cellulosa Torr. Perennial, up to 8 dm the scapes not nodose, terete Da leaf- sheathe bladeless, sometimes short-tip- pe dd spikelet cylindric, 1.5-3 em. long, many- : | scales rounded, 4-5 mm. long, owered: pas -margin ned: perianth- lager smooth, longer than the achene: achene obovoid, about 2 mm. long, dark-brown, bond coarsely pitted, the tubercle oe very stout, 42-14 as long as the a che — Fresh marshes and lagoons near the coast, Fla. to Tex.— —(W. I.) 3. E. quadrangulata (Michx.) R. and S. Perennial, up to 1. 2 m. tall, the RR not nodose: m. long, many-flower unded: S ar "bristios as long as the achene or longer: achene obovoid, .5 mm. long, brown, the tubercle lanceolate, poe half as foie as the achene, ipis at the base. [E. mutata (Fl. SE U. S.) ]—Ponds, a and swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Mich., Ont., and Con —(W. PR Mez., C. A., S. A.) . B. Robbinsii Oakes. Perennial, 2-7 dm. tall, the scapes 3-angled, produe- ing tufts of very slender scapes or leaves: leaf- sheaths not blade-bearing: 11 162 CYPERACEAE diia o 1-2 cm. long, few-flowered: scales few, mostly 6-7 mm. long, narrow, obtuse: ns irs much longer Ar the Bn often ue as long: achene obovoid, sometimes narrowly so, 2-2.0 m on light-brown, the tubercle aaa: about one half as long as as the achens, with raised Fla. to Ind., Mich., and E. elongata Chapm. Perennial, up to 1 m. tall, the scapes terete, often producing tufts of very slender scapes: leaf- sheaths usually bladeless: spikelet cylindric, 1-2 em. long, rather few-flowered: scales relatively few, 5-6 long, thinnish, obtuse: perianth-bristles juo than the achen vé. achene obovoid, about 1 mm. long, brown, the tubercle barely one half as long as the achene, subulate m the ring- ‘like base.—Still water, Coastal Plein, Fla. to La. and Tex. (?). B. ccida (Reichenb.) Urban. Perennial, 0.5-3 dm. tall, the scapes * angled: pes er leaf-sheath with a iens limb: spikelet oval or ov oid, 2—4 m. long, several-flowered: scales pale-green or rarely white, 2 mm. pun or bt r the cis : void, 1 mm. long or less, dark-brown, the tubercle depressed-eonie. [E. o reata Nees.]—(PALE SPIKERUSH.)—Wet soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. J.—(W m. . I., Mex., C. A., 7. E. praticola Britton. Annual, cm. tall, the x DE bn upper leaf-sheaths hyaline, lax: spikelets void Or ellipsoid- ovoid, m. long, ew- wered: scales brown, less than 2 mm. long, obtuse or As e E E age: ara id shorter than the achene: achene oe obovoid, 0.5 mm. lon dark-brown, the tubercle minute, depressed. —Low and wet iun: Everglades a and vicinity, Flas —(W. I.) 8. E. olivacea Torr. Perennial, 0.5-1.5 dm. tall, the id flattened: upper omens M a hyaline limb: "Pp uis ovoid, 3-5 mm. lon ng, several-many- flowered : reddish-brown D. m. long, searious- margin ned, lax in age: Pe: bristles longer t Mr ire ne: achene obovoid, about 1 mm long, ag to blackish, the Dd with a saucer-sh aped dn and a min ute ip often Mo soil, shores of ponds, various provinces, S. C. to Mich., Ont., an nd "Me. E. capillacea Kunth. Annual, diminutive, 2-5 cm. tall, the scapes capil- lary: d s with scarious blade like tips: spikelet linear- -eylindrie, 2—4.5 ong, few-flowered: scal -brown or cee dad mostly 2- '3 mm. us appres e. perian nth- bristles Ae as long a enes: achene nar- rowly oboy oid, 0.5 long ale, the ets slender- oe above the ring like base. E ung Pond. d wet 'sand, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C. —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) 10. E. atropurpurea (Reitz.) Kunth. Annual, 3-9 cm. tall, the scapes stiff and slender: upper leaf-sheaths with a tooth- like blade: spikelet ovoid, 3—4 mm. long, papae i Miis scales MEUS purple-brown , except the midrib and n scarious mar gins, broad, 1-1.5 mm. long, r r lax in age: perianth- “bristles as long a achene or shorter: achene ph. 0.5 5 mm. long o , jet-black, the E saucer-shaped with a minute tip.— Moist soil and a. various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Colo., Ia., and Ga.— (W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A., O. W.) 11. E. caribaea (Rottb.) Blake. Annual, up to 2.5 dm. tall, the Es terete: pe leaf-sheath with a tooth-like bla de: spikelet ovoid, 3-5 m . lon or smaller, many-flowered: scales thiekish, brown, except the midrib E mar- gins, broad, 1.5-2 mm. long, appressed: perianth- -bristles about as long as CYPERACEAE 163 the achene: achene obovoid, about 1 mm. long, T -blaek, s tubercle de- pressed or saucer-shaped w with a minute tip.—Maoist soil, swamps, and sink- holes, o Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex Tnd., and Md.— T OV. I. Merx., C. A., 8. A. leri. referred to E. capitata, in erro 12. E. uncialis Chapm. Annual, mostly 1-6 cm. tall, the A i in angled: upper leaf- sheath ue i obtuse EUROS ovoid, 2-3 m ral- flowered: scales pale, w midrib and searious B "LS " long, lax in age: UE rintios ver one-half as long as the achen achene ellipsoid-obovoid, 0.7 mm. long, whitish, smooth, the tubercle oo conic, much narrower than the achene —Damp pi inelands, N Fla 13. E. bicolor Chapm. VE 1-2 ns tall, the scapes 4-angled: upper leaf- sheath very thin: spikelet o oid, 2-3 mm. long, few- MAE seales d dark-brown except the pale ee ib d is 1.5-2.5 mm. long, lax in age: oe -bristles nd 15 as long as the achene: achene ellipsoid. a about 0.8-1 mm. long, bro the tubercle dit , the base nearly as wide as the achene.—Moist to oU pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga. 14. E. obtusa (Willd.) Schultes. Annual, 1-7 dm. tall, the scapes nearly terete: upper p? Mon xs : tooth- ike blade: e ovoid to elli rd ovoid, 3-13 mm. long, red: scales thin, ee aN , 1:5-2 mm. yo usually Ru xu dados longer than the ne: ‘achene turbinate- obovoid, 1.5 mm. long or less, Bae -brown, the eae ‘deltoid, the base some- what narrower than the achen "E ts oil a nd mud, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ont., and N. 8.; also Calif. Md 15. E. Engelmannii Steud. Annual, 1-5 dm. tall: upper e ae ae or with a tooth-like blade: ip cylindric or conic-cylindric many-flowered: scales brown, 1.5-2 . long, obtuse, oppress ane "perian 20s bristles about as long as fie Np or “sometimes rudim entary or wanting: achene turbinate-obovoid or som mewhat cuneate, 1.5 mm. long or | pale- brown, the tuberele very low, the base nearly as wide as the ac = ne. — We t soil and ditehes, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Calif., Mo., and Mas 16. E. nodulosa pun Schultes. Perennial, up to 1 m. tall, the scapes une se: upper 2 sheath truneate or minutely poi inted: o pu conic-cylin p , 1-2 . long, many- aon cae scales brownish, 2-3 mm. long, or sometim 2 nger obtuse, Ao dd. below the apex, closely imbrieate: perianth- bristles as shorter or longer obovoid, about 1 m n lon the turgid, "the aD. deltoid, fully 15 as p as d achene dbi Coastal Plain and Basin-and- -Range province, Fla. to Tex. and Ariz.—(W. I., C. A., S. A.) ae B. calva a Perennial, up to 1 m. tall, the scapes often tufted, ender, not nodose: upper r leaf-sheath Dis - a ae spikelet lips Or ellipsoid. RAM. 0.5-1.5 em. long, many-flowered: seales brown ark-green, 2.5-3.5 mm. lo ong, blunt or ai cus : perianths “bristles as oE as a achene or shorter: a obovoid, about 1.5 m ong, brown, the tuber cle koe ae constricted e the base. [ E. disuccscens iM SE. U. iy — Swamps an S, various provinces, Fla. to Tex m rs Minn., and Ont. M related soe es E. macrostachya ee mith 2 or 3 empty bracts at the base of the spikelet, instead of one n E. calva, has been found at New Orleans, La. 18. E. acicularis (L.) R. & S. Perennial with slender rootstocks, 0.5-2 dm a or greatly elongate when submersed, the scapes 4-angled, filiform or seta- : leaf-sheaths truncate: spikelet fl attened, narrowly ovate to linear-ellip- oid, 3-10 mm. long, few-flowered: scales pale-green, except the usually brown 164 CYPERACEAE bands on either side of the midrib, 1.5-2 mm. long: aed. Pod fully as long as the achene or shorter: achene ellipsoid obovoid, 1m ong or shorter, the tubis conie from a narrow base, about E as long as p» achene.—Wet 1 muddy Ca 19. E. retroflexa (Poir.) Urban. Perennial or annual (?), 0.5-2 dm. tall, the seapes 4-angled, filiform: leaf-sheaths often with minute blades: Een ellip- soid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 2-3 mm. long, few-flowered: scales pale, m. long: eae baat tles as long as the achene or much shorter: achene sbovold, ‘barely m. long, the tubercle pyramidal with a broad base, shorter t han the ae UE chaetaria R. & S.]—Sandy soil and low grounds, Coastal Plain, S Ala. , €. A., 8S. A.) 0. E. vivipara Kunth. Perennial, 1-3 dm. tall, the scapes flattened: leaf- sheaths Miis with a short blunt tip: spikelet linear- -ellipsoi id, 4-7 mm. long, ou doeerd often sparingly proliferous: scales whitish, 2-3 mm. long, thin y ale, a broad base.—Low grounds and marshy shores, Coastal Plain and occas} ionally adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. 21. E. simplex (Ell) A. Dietr. Annual, 1-4 dm. tall, the scapes we Ld a angled: leaf- o obliquely truneate: spikelet ovoid. or elli ipsoid, -fl long, firm long, several-many-flowered: scales pale, 2-3 mm. long, : perianth- Xue s longer d the achene: S ik pde about 1.5 mm. long, turgid, ely marked, th rele a much constricted at the base, oa Wr at the apex. [£. tortilis (in " Schultes. ]—Wet soil and marshy woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. an -0voi : ish- cept the dark midrib, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, firm: Pu erianth- bristles as longer than the achene: achene obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long, coarsely marked, the ubercle miter-like, as pr as the achene - largon Moist to to vet, often acid, fas . E. microcarpa Torr. Annual, 0.5-2 dm. tall, the scapes e 4- anes leaf-sheaths usually minutely pointed: spikelet o oblo ong or nearly s long, few-flowered: scales pale o r with brownish patches on either ide " pe midrib, 1-1.5 mm. long, thin: Pu EN shorter than the achene: achene ellipsoid-obovoid much constrieted at the narrow base, mm. long or a little longer, grayish-white, smooth or nearly so, the d erar depressed- conie, minute, base less than Me as Du as the achene. — Moist to wet soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. o La. and S. C.—(W. I.) 4. E. Torreyana aera Annual, 1-6 dm. tall, the scapes somewhat 4-angled, sometimes proliferous at the spikelet: upper leaf- sheath obliquely Gu d Videre ie or deed -ellipsoid, 3-6 mm. long, se veral- many-flowered: scales firm: , pale-brown, s the tubercle minute, ia aa A t a Sie usually acid, PER poen Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. J—(W. I.) 25. E. Brittonii Sve Annual, like E. Torreyana in habit: spike- let ellipsoid to dir "ellipsoid, 2.5-5 mm. long, several-flower dis scales obtuse, closely concealing the achenes which they much exceed in length, scarious-mar- gined: perianth- bristles very short or obsolete: achene pyriform, about 0.7 mm. CYPERACEAE 165 long, whitish, smooth, the ‘tubercle a disk-like crown with a minute tip.—Flat- woods and shallow ponds, Coastal Plain, N. Fla. to Tex. and S. C. o a i age: cuu ee about one half as long as the achene: achene ellipsoid- obovoid, about ong, pale-brown, smooth, the ponens depressed-conic. —Damp td Goal Plain, S. C. 27. E. Curtisii Small. Annual, 0.5-1 dm. tall, the scapes filiform, striate and somewhat angled: upper leaf- sheath oblique, discolored at the e edge, minutely duds Ed ovoid-ellipsoid, 2-3 mm . long, E Pudet scales pale, with a brownish midrib and scarious mar , 15-9 m m. long, lax in age: perianth- bdo shorter than the achene: "ee broadly obov oid, 0.8 mm. long, light- brown, irregularly dad -retieulate, the tubercle broadly conie.—Damp soil, Coastal Plain, Wilmington, N. C. 28. E. prolifera Torr. Annua 1, 1-6 dm. tall, the seapes often diffuse or float- ing, flattened: leaf-sheaths acad truneate or minutely pointed: spikelet conie, 4—8 ting iti In 1 2-9 mm. long; ba ee shorter than the achene: ene obovoid, ate than , pale, smooth, the tubercle deltoid or dones. conie, nd N. C. more or less diffus e, groo oved: upper leaf-sheath oblique and often minutely pointed: spikelet ellipsoid, 4-6 mm. long, flattened, dpud often prolifer- ous and rooting: scales brown or brownish, narrow, 3-5 mm. long: perianth- r wit like base, and subulate tip.—(RoAp-GR ASS. )—Damp pi inelands, pud along RI Coastal Plain. Fla. and Ga. 30. E. melanocarpa Torr. Perennial, 1-5 dm. tall, the scapes stout, wiry, flattened: upper leaf-sheath usually with a tooth Tke iae "Spikele ellipsoid or cylindrie-oblong, 6-12 mm. long, thick, many-flowered : rown, except the lighter midrib and scarious margins, broa d, ees m. Jong: near cd: as long as the achene - 2 or shorter or obso ne obpyramidal cuneate-turbinate, abou mm. long, black, ia e ido pone, about broad as the achene b covering its top, minutely pointed in the middle (BLACK-SPIKERUSH.)— Wet sandy soil, Coastal Plain and New England S Fla. to Mass.; also Great Lake Lowland, Ind.— (WW. I.) E. albida Torr. Annual (?), 1-2 dm. tall, the scapes nearly terete: upper P ins usually with a tooth-like blade: spikelet ovoid-globose or ellipsoid, 5 mm. long, 4-8 mm. long, many-flowered: scales pale-green or nearly white, 2-2. firm: _porianth “bristles about as long as the achene: a broadly obovoid he tube RM To w-conic, sessile on the achene.—Dam p o wet, abou m. lon a iu Eu Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Md.—(W. I., 32. E. tricostata Torr. Perenni 6 dm. tall, the scapes flattened: ig hes leaf-sheath with a tooth m blado: spiel ellipsoid to cylindric, 6-18 m long, aed Eddy seales brown except the en a ib and hs ma margins, 2-3 m lo ong, a Re: bonu -brist ing: achen ovoid, mm. ine or less, xm prominently 3-angled, pss T A a tubercle low-eonie, with a broad base, aeute.—Wet, often acid, soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. Y. | 166 CYPERACEAE 3. E. capitata (L.) R. Br. Perennial, up to 7 dm. tall, the scapes 4- kr nut uds leaf-sheath with a tooth-like blade: pini narrowly ellipsoid, 4—10 m long, m poda scales brownish- -purple, e cept the green midrib and ie scarious margin 0-2.0 m v. thin ud pup pec i15 as long as the achene o ing: dn obo void, about 1 mm. long, ow to brown, ae 3- MN Pe oien per ersistent, ps tu ere pene conic or disk-like. [E. tenuis (Willd.) ipi -J—(Povinry. GRASS.)—Wet soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Man., Ont nicola Torr. Perennial, 1-4.5 dm. tall, the scapes slender-wiry: ellipsoid, mm. long; PA. seales often brown at the apex, and with scarious margins, 2—3 mm. long, thin: pe aaa et "o the longer ones often fully as ae as “the achene: achene oid or ellipsoid-obovoid, about 1 mm. long, prn faintly RUE the o deltoid or depres ssed. —Sandy shores and s wamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C. cuminata (Muhl.) Nees. Perennial, up to 5 dm. tall, the scapes flat, oarse- us upper oes sheath pre with a tooth- e blade: pics Ov oid or ellipsoid, 6-12 g, pagan Pup es e-brown, ept the reenish midrib and the Ed pr 2. 25m . long, jr thin- nish: perianth-bristles as long as the or shorter: d done obovoid, 1-1.5 . long, yellowish- bodie Ro hat rm often persistent on the rachis, Te “tubercle depressed-c —Wet soil, various provinces, Ga. to La., Wash., Man., Ont., and Anticos 36. E. rostellata D ves uer up to 15 dm. long, the scapes flattened, stout sterile ones reclining and rooting at the ae leaf-sheaths without blades, 15 Mise oblique mene ellipsoid to fusiform, 6-15 mm. long, several-many- red: me ight-brown or green, 3 long, m: perianth- bristles M than the achene: achene obovoid or ellipsoid-obovoid, about , the tubercle conic-subulate or pyramidal, 15 as long as the achene or less and dd with its apex.—Braekish marshes and meadows, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Tex. and N. H.; also saline places in the interior, and Calif. to B. C. 10. WEBSTERIA S. Hart Wright. Perennial aquatic, caulescent herbs. Stems repeatedly branched. Leaves clustered or whorled at the nodes: blades E ilary. Spikelets in often 1 umbel- e clusters, 1-flowered, narrow. Scales 2, narrow. Flowers perfect. Perianth of short, commonly barbed, pale bristles. Stamens 3. Styles not swollen, deciduou Stigmas 2. Achene er ce ae species. | W. submersa (Sauv.) Britton. Plant submersed, piam stems elongate, the internodes 8-25 long, partly sheathed, e branches topped by the add of spike- u n ng: scales nate, the lower ostly 3-vei ned, the upper 1-veined: perianth pm longer than the achene, tor nthers de subulate, about 3 mm. dd achene , 5. A obovoid or ‘oval, b 5-9 mm. long.— s and ponds, pen. Fla.—(W. I., S. A.) CYPERACEAE .167 11. ERIOPHORUM L. Perennial erect caulescent herbs with rootstocks. Leaves with narrow blades, or some of them mere bladeless sheaths. Spikelets solitary, clustered, or umbellate, often subtended by an involucre of 1 to sev- eral bracts. Scales spirally imbricate, usually all fructiferous, or some of the lower ones empty. owers perfect. Perianth of numerous naked capillary ciate y ode bristles. Stamens 1-3. Style not swollen, deciduous. Stig- s 3. Ae angled.—About 15 species, in the northern hemisphere.— un e ee ee COTTONRUSHES. ' Spikelets peduncled; scales oy 1-ribbed, the rib e to the apex achene obovoid, rounded at the ap 1. iidicarimatum. Spikelets glomerate; scales prominently striate ribbed, the ribs not extending to the apex: achene oblong-obo void, ab- MM ruptly pointed. 2. E. virginicum. 1. E. viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades flat below bed channeled tip: bracts of the involucre neither spreading nor deflexed: spikelets several or mumerou ES drooping on ipee pn M e. ape broadly o acute or acutish: ae dms e dicrum ie obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, rounded at the apex, not stipitate.—( HARE-TAIL. T COTTON-GRAS S Ga. to B. C., Mich., and Newf. Former! included in E. polystachyon L. E. virginicum L. Stem 4-12 dm tall: : "i pus eae _below the channeled tip: bracts of nvolucre spreading or de- fle oe spikelets P in i dense. terminal eluster: scales ovate, md . lon ng, obtuse perianth- “bristles brown Ren ellipso oid. obovoid, 3.5—4 m oues ab ruptly narrowed at the apex, short-beaked, dap —( TA Ec. n id bogs and swamps, various provinees, Fla. Nebr., Man., Ont., and N 12. SCIRPUS L. Annual or perennial, scapose or caulescent edis Leaves with blades or represented by mere sheaths. Spikelets few- to many- flowered, terete or somewhat flattened, solitary, capitate, or beste usually involucrate, the involucre, when simple, appearing like a continuation of the cales spirally imbricate. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 1-6, or 8, barbed or smooth, sometimes pubescent, bristles, or rarely wanting. Stamens 2 or 3. Style not swollen, wholly deciduous or the base persistent. Stigmas or 3. Achene 3-angled or lenticular, beaked or beakless, not tubercled.— About 150 species, widely distributed in cool and warm regions.—Sum.—fall, or all year S.—BULRUSHES. CLUBRUSHES. Involucre of a a single bract, or wantin ng. l P solitary, or rarely 2 2 in No. 5, terminal. I. CAESPITOSI. Spikelets more than 1, usually several or many, often ap- parently lateral. . II. VALIDI. Involucre of 2 or more bracts with flat blades. Spikelets not in dense globose heads. III. SYLVATICI. Spikelets very numerous in one or several dense globular heads. IV. CUBENSES. 168 CYPERACEAE I. CAESPITOSI Involucre wanting: annuals Lavoni e present, of a single bra Per pr E present: Scales nof keeled: perennial B p NN upper sheath with a subulate blade: perianth-bristles smooth or oM nwardly barbed. Achene about 1.5 mm. lon perianth-bristles smooth : apn cle slightly meee than thick: bog or rock plan Achene 2-3 mm long: perianth-bristles barbed : he several times longer than thick: aquatic or semiaquatic. Scape tria ular: u upper sheath with a linear blade: e II. VALIDI SE few, 1-12, appearing lateral. Scape not sharply 3-angled : plants annual. chene strongly transverse-rugose: perianth-bristles wanting. Ad smooth or very slightly roughened: perianth- Scape sharply 3-angled: plants pun Dy rootstocks. Spikelets acute: scales aw A : involueral bract much ce. only sli ence. Spikelets Berol or numerous, in umbels or umbel-like clusters. m bec 3-angled: leaves with blades about as long as the Scape terete: leaves reduced to mere sheaths. Perianth-bristles downwardly barbed : achene gray, or darker, abruptly mucronate. Perianth- bristles short- plumose below: achene nearly white, narrowed abov III. SYLVATICI Spikelets few to several, capitate to S Ioa relatively large, E Ad compound clusters: achene lobose-obovoid, dark- Spikelets very ee in compound umbels or umbelled heads, relatively small. Perianth-bristles « downw: ardly barbed, or wanting : spikelets Perianth-bristles present. Perianth-bristles a or tig exceeding the achene: leaf-blades 6-16 m wide. Spikelets 3-8 in ach head : ‘scales obtuse: peri- PEE 8-20 in each head: Seales acute: peri- Í istle th- Perianth- anes me as long as the achene: leaf- blades 4-6 m vide. Per ünth-bristies fastu Perianth- b. tles sm ond or slightly pubescent: umbel decompou Perianth-bristles shorter than the scales or scarcely ex- cee er TE briedes about as long as the achene : scales rather acute M merely terminal: spikelets 1 mm. thick : not papillose. thick: achene papillose. Perianth- h-bristles much longer than the achene: ales mucronate. Verianth. m much exserted beyond. the scales at Spikelets sessile, in small heads or clus ters EDU at least some of them, distinctly pedun- IV. CUBENSES Perennial herb, resembling species of Cyperus: leaves and bracts of the involucre quite similar. 12. “10> 8. 19. 20. 23. S. n tata Nn NANUS. . caespitosus. | . subterminalis. . Clinto E IS: . Hallii. debilis. . americanas. Olneyi. . etuberculatus. . validus. . californicus. . robustus. sylvaticus. atrovirens. polyphyllus. georgianus. | . divaricatus. . fontinalis. . lineatus. . cyperinus. 2 * S. | | | | | | | Eriophorum. cubensis. CYPERACEAE 169 1. S. nanus Spreng. Annual, tufted: scapes flattened and grooved, less than 1 dm. tall, ien basal sheath bladeless: spikelet ovoid or ovoid-oblong, 2-3 mm long, nye red: scales 1.5-2 long, pale-green : idi bristles [pP ian the achene, barbed: achene oblong or eden about 1 man * £e Q o £e [67] t ; Ej — e et o rH © Pa] — by V7] o Englan interior and Pacific Coast provinces.—(W. I Mez., O. W.) (2. S. diae L. Perennial, eared fted: scapes filiform, pid terete, 1 -5 dm. tall Met sheathed at e base, the up- e bla n lowish-brown: perianth-bristles longer Mis d Su achene ellipsoid to nen] about 1.5 mm. long, short-beaked. EER-HAIR. DEERHAIR-BULRUSH.)—Bogs and moist rocks, Blue Ridge and more northern provinees, N. C. and Tenn. to Tl. Colo., Alas., C Can., and Lab. —(Greenl., O. W.) 73. S. subterminalis Torr. Perennial, mostly aquatic: scapes up to 1 m. ta Hy 2 nearly pnm the basal sheaths Ms longae submersed (except in terrestrial forms) blades spikelet oblo ong, 1 ovoid, or ee 0-13 mm. long, few-flow HAN A seales 4—5 "do sA green or perianth- bise as long as the achene or pou downwardly barbed: T obovoid, m. long, abruptly short-beaked —(SWAYING- RUSH.)—Ponds and streams, As atid, various provinees, Miss. to B. C., Ont., and Newf. /4. S. Clintonii A. Gra ay. Perennial, tufted: scapes 3-angled, very slender, sheathed at the d some of the sheaths pira: icy often linear blades: spikelet ovoid, 3—4 mm. long, few-flowered: E 9.0 mm. long, pale-br s perianth-bristles as long ES the achene or uo “upwardly barbed: ach oblong or obovoid, 1.5-2 . long, obtuse. Se ks, fields, and thickets, Blue Ridge and more northern rere: N. C. to Mich. and N. Y. / 5. S. carinatus (H. & A.) A. Gray. Annual, tufted: scapes 3-angled, TTA neled, 0. dm. tall, the basal sheath with a slender blade: spikelet ovoid, abou t 4m m. long, 6-8 E scales 1.5-2 mm. long, pale, except the midrib and keel, seariou piden 2 wide: perianth-bristles wanting: achene oval or a obovoid, ps 1.5 mm. long, brown, minutely pointed.—Low ee fields, ec ro adsides, pos eg Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. to Tex., Okla., and Tenn.; also in 76. S. Halli A. Gray. Annual, tufted: scapes up to 4 dm. tall, nearly terete or obtusely 3-angled, the upper basal sheath usually with a slen der - lade: 1 ied dip d becoming oblong- soie 6-15 mm. long, many-flowered cales 2.5—3 . long, greenish, abruptly poin p pie e Sud ze ene ed -globose, sometimes depressed, fully 1 mm. long, black, trans- verse-wrinkled.—Wet soil, various provinces, rie to Tex, Colo., and Til. ; also in Mass fes.) S. debilis Pursh. Annual, tufted: scapes 1-6 dm. tall, nearly terete or obtusely triangular, yellowish- “green, the sheaths bladeless or the upper one with a short blade: spikelets ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 5-10 mm. long, m 170 CYPERACEAE flowered: seales 2.5-3 mm. long, yellowish-brown, except the green midrib and the often tawny margins: perianth-bristles abo ut as long a s the achene, down- y ng, black, th orn arly ps abruptly xpi dig A 1.5-2 lon a smoo NM "V wet soil, various provinces, N Ga. to Ark., Nebr., Minn., Ont., and Me. /8. S. americanus Pers. Perennial, gregarious: scapes up to 1.5 m. tall, sharply triangular, bright-green, the e ths (1-3) wi La ds nae 2 blades: ees lets ovoid, mostly 5-12 mm. long, acute, many-flowe ong, Don. erose, minutely eni at the notched o Mc. as long a s the achene or shorter: achene obovoid, about 2.5 mm. long, dark- brown, e ulate.—(SWORD-GRASS. THREE-SQUARE BULRUSH. CHAIR-MAK- ER’S RUSH.)—Borders of ponds and a various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C., Ont., and Newf.— (Mex , C. A., S. A, O. W.) ’ 9. S. Olneyi A. Gray. Perennial, gregarious: scapes up to 2 m. tall, sharply 3-angled or somewhat winged, the upper sheath sometimes with a '3-ang e i m blade: spikelets oblong or ovoid-oblong, or ovoid, 5—9 ng, obtuse, many- ed 3 long, dark-brown, except the green midrib, erose, minutel ucronate emarginate apex: perianth-bristles shorter r ym a t the than the achene or about eae it: achene obovoid, about 2.5 mm. long, rown, mueronulate.—Salt and fresh marshes, Coastal Plain and xx England Coast, Fla. to Ark.-and N. H.; also in Mich. and on Pacific Coa E: S. pid qe e (Steud.) Kuntze. Perennial, sometimes tufted: scapes to 2 m. tal rply 3-angled above, the upper she ath with a 3-angled and Paa Ner is or quite as long as A scape: spikelets DS agai 9-21 mm. long, acutish: scales 5-7 mm. long, pale-brown, acu ae me- times hooded apex: perianth-bristles equalling the beak of the ae oe pe spreading barbs: achene obovoid, 3—4 . long, including S p beak, brown or blackish. [S. cylindricus Britton. ]—Ponds and swamps, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Ind., d. ^ 11. S. validus Vahl. Perennial, gregarious: scapes up to 3 m. tall, light-green, stout (2-3 em. at the base), the basal sheaths usually bladeless : spikelets ovoid, often oe ou a id 5—16 mm. long, acutish: scales 2. ae 5 PH | is m bristles our pou alli E the achene, downwardly barbed: E us DO obovoid, about 2 mm. long, gray, reddish, or black, s uec B lacustris (Fl. SE. U. ]—(GREAT-BULRUSH. CATT Mat BLACK-RUSH. TULE. =) ond, swamps, and streams, used (aa . A—(W. I., Mex A.) ^ 12. s. californicus (C. A. Meyer) Britton. Perennial, gregarious: scapes Aon. 1-3 m. tall, obtusely 3- angled, often er stout, the basal sheaths blade- P3 less: spikelets ov oid to oblon ng-ovoid, 6-11 m ng, acute: scales 2.5-3.5 mm. ong, brown or reddish, glabrous or nea m stout- duc ous te: perianth- bristles as long as the achene or shorter, cien arbed: achene broadly obovoid, about 2 mm. long, nearly white, narrowed above and short-tipped.— Swamps, Coastal Plain and Basin-and- -Range province, Fla. to Tex. and Calif.— (Mez., C. A., S. A.) /18. S robustus Pursh. Perennial, tufted or gregarious: stems up to 1.5 m. tall, 3-angled: leaves dark gi een: spikelets ovoid-oblong or ovoid, 1.5-3 em. long, i metim se ; SO es dense clusters: scales mostly 7-9 mm. long, reddish or brown, with long markings, puberulent, the awn several times sid than ea notched tip: Xon -bristles shorter than the achene or wan ing: achen globose-obovoid, sometimes nearly orbicular in outline, 3-3.5 mm. P Succes CYPERACEAE 171 short-pointed.—(SEA CLUB-RUSH. SALT-MARSH BULRUSH. SPURT-GRASS.)— Brackish marshes, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Tex. and N. S. “14, S. sylvaticus L. Perennial, tufted: stems up to 2 m. tall, rather stout: leaves PE pins spikelets ov void or oblong-ovoid, 3-5 mm. long, 2-8 in the clusters: scales 1-1.5 mm. long, brown, except the green center, obtuse: perianth- 1 mm. long. bristles longer than Hs. achene: achene obovoid or ellipsoid, about —Swamps and wet stream-banks, various provinces, Ga. to Mich. id Me.— C15. S. atrovirens Muhl. Perennial, tuft ede stems up to 1.5 m. tall, rather slender: leaves bright- green: spikelets iis 2 in D 3.5-8 mm. long, or longer, 9-30 in the clusters: scales ong, greenish-brown or red- dish, acute: perianth- a es about ed as ie jue achene oe obovoid, about 1 m ong, rather long pointed, "onse. BULRUSH. )—Swamps and meadows, bu provinces, Ga. ., Sask., Ont., #16. S. polyphyllus Vahl. Perennial, nies tufted: stems up f to 1.5 m. tall, sharply 3-angled: -leaves mae gree n: spikelets ovoid, 2.5-3 m m. long, 3—8 in the clusters: seales 1-1.5 ong, bright-brown or reddish, mucronulate: perianth- Da much-bent, pt twice as long as the achene: phus obovoid, f ly tong, short- -tipped. M Mi woods, and meadows, various provinces, Ga. t Ala., Ark., Minn., and 17. S. georgianus Harpe E Perennial, often tufted: stems A to 1.2 m. tall, nearly terete: leaves bright-green: spikelets ovo s 2—4 mm. long, numerous, or e du in the clusters: scales 1-1.5 m m. long, zm a brown, eddish, nulate: perianth-bristles wanting o or mere rudiments: achene broadly ellipsoid. Jess than 1 mm. long, short- o —Meadows, a and muddy banks, various provinces, Ga. to Ark. and Que 18. S. divaricatus Ell. Pe Deepa le imes tufted: stems up to 1.5 m. tall, obtusely 3- -angled: leaves deep-gre Soft: spikelets cylindrie or oblong, 3—5 mm., becoming 10—12 mm. long, 2b solitary at the tips of the poss gines branches: scales 1-1.5 mm. long, brown, Apt en, r pale, : per anth-bristles pur longer than the achene: achene obo void or ui. lipoid, about ong, pale or nearly ps smooth, ee -pointed.—Swamps and muddy banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to , Mo., and Va. 19. S. fontinalis Harper. Perennial cmd similar pi S. divaricatus and S. lineatus in habit: spikelets ovoid, 2-4 . long, becoming narrower and: ee in age, mostly solitary at the tips E tho inflorescence: branches: scales 1.5-2 mm. long, greenish or brownish-green, the margins often whitish, acute : peri- anth-bristles bent, paid as long as the achene: achene ellips oid, someti ime broadly so, about 1 m ong, ye ee ish or greenish, minutely papillose, long- tipped.—Pond-margins "and springy piace Coastal Plain of Ga. S. lineatus Michx. Perennial, tufted: stems up to 1.5 Pn 3- ier en ea mote, pale-green, long, usually solitary at the tip of the inflorescence-branches: Rules 9-9. o mm. long, d EN eign or pale-brown, except the green a. Eod -pointed : perianth-bristles much pa much longer than the achene: obovoid or ellipsoid-obovoid, full mm. long, pale-brown, short- ped Mr d: and wet m iene various Sed Fla. £o Tex., Ore., Ont., and N. H. 21. S. cyperinus (L.) Kunth. dosi up to 1.5 m. Ls nearly terete: es io green: piece ovoid o oid- oo 4—6 long or longer ge, in den eads or clusters: ae . lo Das pres or aeute: perianth. ‘bristles to much exceeding the ee enes and scales, grayish- wn or rust-colored: ache ne cue d OT uec barely 1 mm. lon REN or nearly white, are E —( WOOL-GRASS. )—Swamps HS dr mead- ows, various provinces, N. C. ni 'k., Mo., Du and Newf. 172 CYPERACEAE ~ S. TE o Perennial and similar to the next preceding species habit, someti 2 tall: leaves pale-green: inflorescence laxer, = branches elongate and se “ar rooping: spikelets ovoid or ae ovoid, 3.5 em ong, some of the lateral ones eue neled: scales 1.5—2 mm. long, s pointed: aan -bristles pale, long as in S. cyperinus: viue PENA P obovoid, less than 1 , pale, re ice -pointed.—Swamps and low gro ounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., Ind., and Conn. 793, S. cubensis Poepp. & Kunth. Perennial, resembling species p? e yperus, sometimes tufted, the scapes up to 1 m. ta il, s sharply 3-angled: ves and bracts of the involucre quite similar, smooth above: spikelets oe ee in mm. long, each with a S l n narrowly obovoid or narrowly ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, garb a and river- ices “Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. N at. of the trop.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A., O. W.) | 13. FUIRENA Rottb. Perennial or rarely annual caulescent herbs. Leaves sometimes represented only by sheaths. Spikelets many-flowered, terete, often bur-like, clustered, or rarely solitary. Scales spirally imbricate, awned. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 3 usually stalked scales alternating with down- wardly barbed bristles. Stamens 3. Ovary stipitate. Style not swollen at the base, deciduous. Stigmas 3. Achene 3- Joe i. or nearly sessile, smooth.—About 30 species, most abundant in the warmer regions.—Spr—fall. —UMBRELLA-GRASSES. Leaves reduced to sheaths without blades, except sometimes near ee of the stem. SCIRPOIDEAE. Leaves with well-developed sheaths and blades. II. SQUARBOSAE. SCIRPOIDEAE Leaf-sheaths all bladeless : blades of the perianth-seales ovate. 1. F. scirpoidea. Leaf-sheaths on the upper part of rd stem blade-bearing: blades of the perianth-scales suborbicul to . F. longa. II. Sou PE bristles exceeding the achene and seed -seales : plants 3. F. squarrosa. Perianth bristles o EL to the middle of the achene or shorter: Pola qe. very short, not exceeding the stipe of the l RT or slightly longer : perianth- Seales wi ith suborbicular r somewhat reniform blades 4. F. breviseta. Perianth- bristles reaching to about the middle of the achene: perianth-seales with deltoid-ovate blades. 5. F. hispida. F. scirpoidea Michx. Perennial, the S stem d gregarious, 2-6 dm. tall ves mere sheaths with oblique margin braets of the involuere 2— ] ke- lets solitary or clustered gu mm piss scales pubescent, the body 3 mm. long, ith a short subulate tip: ne of Bu perianth-scales ovate, acute, m. long, rounded base e Sere E as long as the sepal-stalks or longer: achene- body oval-rhombie or s t obovoid fully 1 mm. long.—Lake shores, swamps, and low pcne Coastal Plain, Fla. to —La. and Ga. CYPERACEAE |.173 2. F. longa Chapm. Perennial, the s loosely tufted or gregarious, 8—15 dm. long, Sus reclining: leave es various, the lower ones mere sheaths, the upper ones with narrow D ds of the involucre 8-16 mm. long: spike- sae ae 10-15 mm. long: seales pubescent, the body 3-4 mm. long, with long subulate e "blades of the perianth-seales suborbicular, abruptly gu ed, [pe than . lo ong, truncate or subeordate at the base: perianth- ] bri stles shorter ie the sepal-stalks: achene-body obov Hie or oval, barely l mm. long.—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, W Fla. to Mis 3. F. squarrosa Michx. Annual, 1-3 dm. tall, or rarely taller: leaves glabrous or the sheaths of the lower Bue finely hir ute: spikelets usually clustered: scales pubescent, the body ovate, the awn Le subulate, one-half as long as the ped or more: perianth-seales 3 long or more; blades “elliptic or nearly so, each prolonged into a ee slender awn, e d at the base: ME -body broadly oval, less t 1 ong.— (Sau MARSH UMBRELLA- S.) —Wet, often brackish, grounds ee Plain, Fla. to Mass.; also Great Lake Lowland, Ind. and Mie 4. F. breviseta Coville. Perennial, up to 1 m. tall: leaves finely n or quite as long a id body: per acu Ae abou . long; poe: ub orbicular or somew eniform, eee tipped, uiia onda the base: achene-bod uie ae less than 1 lon F. squa o breviseta Coville.]—Moist sandy soil and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. 5. F. hispida Ell. Perennial, 2-8 dm. tall: pete both the sheaths and the blades more or less hirsute: spikelets ae clustered: scales pubescent, the body obovate, the awn subulate, nearly or quite as long as the body: perianth- scales about 2 mm. long; sat deltoid-ovate, abruptly pointed, truncate or val or r i . long. the . Squarrosa hispida (EIL) Glee 24 IDE and wet p Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex., Okla. , Ky., and N. J. (or N. Y. 2) 14. DICHROMENA Michx. Ada ccs herbs with ‘rootstocks. Leaves mostly near the base of the stem: blades narrow, attenuate. Spike- lets few—several-flowered, or rarely ieee eer crowded in a terminal head which is involucrate by a whorl of leaf-like bracts, the bracts often white or colored at the base, thus serving to attract insects. Scales rather md im- brieate, broad, keeled, white or whitish. Perianth wantin Stamens 3. Ovary sessile: style subu late. Stigmas 2. Achene short, atena ne turgid, transversely wrinkled, crowned with the broad truncate or decurrent tubercle. About 20 species, natives of the warm parts of America.—Spr.—fall. —WHITE-TOPS Bracts of the involucre 4-6, linear or slenderly attenuate: tubercle truncate on top of the achene, Leaves filiform above the dilated base: achenes dark; tubercle low, blunt. 1. D. floridensis. Lenves linear above the dilated base: achenes pale; tubercle acute. 2. D. colorata. Bráets. of. the involucre 7-10, lanceolate: tubercle decurrent on l the sides of the achene. 3. D. latifolia. 1. D. floridensis Britton. Plant 1—4 dm. tall, the stem slender, often copiously tufted:. bracts of the involucre 4-6, slenderly attenuate beyond the dilated 174 CYPERACEAE bases: heads about 1 em. in diameter: spike- lets elli pte, 5-7 mm. long, pale, often green- Mas cales 3—4 mm. long, o obtuse or mueronulate: achene esl Ai oid or bro DO oval, fuly 1 ong, finely wrinkled. = pina bu Keys, Fla. 2. D. colorata (L.) A. Hitehe. Plant up to m. tal dp us leaf-blades narrowly jun deus i , white or braets of yellowish oe at the n refexed when matur eads 1.5-2 cm. meter or rarely 5 smaller Dr Meis elliptie: Sca m. long, whitish: m obovoid Or me cw fully 1 long, not constricted at the base, the tubercle case on the top of the e.— ( )—Wet places, low grounds, and swamps, usually calcareous, C4 a ad occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Va. (or N. J.?9) —(W. I., Mex.) 3. D. latifolia Baldw. Plant up to 1.2 m. tall, _the 2 E) Budd leaf- blades broadly linear-attenuate: braets of the involuere 7—10, becoming c p or ed, often reddish at the end strongly reflexed Mn mature: me 1.5-2 e n diam mm. lon Shitish: iene E -obovoid or turgid-globose, fully 1 mm. long, often constricted at the base, the tuber a decurrent on the sides of the achene.—(WHITE-TOP RUSH.) Moist or wet pinelands, Shallow d and aeid sandy swamps, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Va. 15. PSILOCARYA Torr. Annual, or rarely perennial, caulescent herbs. Leaves fe blades very narrow and elongate. Spikelets few to many, in terminal Bd Mec umbel-like or cyme-like clusters, not flattened, several- many-flowered. Scales closely imbricate, concave, deciduous. Perianth-bristles wanting. ens 2 or Mus . Ovary sessile: style with a dilat e base. Stigmas 2. Achene lenticular, short, sometimes d re or less ads n transversely wrinkled, capped by the short or ur RR —About 10 species, natives of the warmer parts of Ameri um.—fall, or all year S.—BALD-RUSHES. Tubercle oe to triangular-lanceolate or subulate, nearly or quite as long as the ne, slightly decurrent. An. finely and shallowly, often obscurely, wrinkled, the tubercle subulate. 1. P. scirpoides. Achene haa wrinkled, the tubercle ovate to triangular- lanceolat 2. P. corymbifera. Tubercle dius much shorter than the achene, more or less nd aud at the base Achene about 1 mm. long, slightly, often obscurely, shouldered at the base: spikelet- o 2-3 mm. long. 3. P. nitens. Achene about 1.5 mm. , prominently shouldered at the base: spikelet-scales d 3. 5 mm. long. 4. P. Schiedeana. P. scirpoides Torr. Plant 0.5-3 dm. tall, or rarely smaller or ide er: spikelets ovoid, usually ous. so, 5-7 mm. long, obtuse or acute: scales 2.5-3 mm. long, obtuse or acute, appressed, chestnut-brown: achene sub- orbicular in outline, or Pl n barely 1 mm. long, finely E shallowly CYPERACEAE 175 wrinkled, slightly margined, somewhat contracted at the base, the tuberele subulate, as long as the achene or longer, slightly decurrent.— (BALD-RUSH. )— Coastal Re 1, and Great Lake Lowland, Ind. and 2. P. COE rA (C. Wright) Britton. Plant 1-7 dm. tall: spikelets ellipsoid- suborbieular in pae or much depressed, 0. n more, rather coarsely eolate, te as long as the ache ne lightly decurrent. [P. corymbiformis Benth.]—Wet pinelands and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga.—(W. I.) pi P. nitens (Vahl) Wo od. Plant 2-7 dm. pe spikelets pios ib ellipsoid- oid, 5—7 mm. long, usually acute: seales mm. long, acute or slightly acuminate, appressed, ‘brown: achene oui r in ai or orbicu- lar-obovoid, abou poi oarsely m d, often margined, barely con- a at th mps, lake-shores, and wet gro PM Coastal Plain, "Fla. to Tex. and N. Y., and Great Lake Lowland, Ind. and Mi ch oo P. ER e. Liebm. Plant mostly 2-5 dm. = o conic- oid, 6-8 mm. eng: acuminate: c a ph 5 mm. long, acuminate, ae lax, brown nish: e depressed, about 1.5 m pe rod: ST late, marginless, the POBRE much depress ar with a ioe tip and very promi- nent shoulders.— Wet soil, pen. Fla.—(W. I., Mex.) 16. RYNCHOSPORA Vahl. Perennial or rarely annual caulescent gre garious or tufted herbs. Leaves with narrowly linear, flat, channeled volute, filiform, or capillary blades, those of the stem with long sheaths. Spikelets mainly globose, ie ellipsoid, or. fusiform, 1-2-flowered or rarely d, b min few-flowered, borne in ter l and axillary capitate or open, often corymb- cymes. Scales ned concave. Perianth of 3—6, or fewer or more, barbed or plumose bristles, or obsolete dera mo ary sessile or stly 3. Ova stipitate: style partly persistent. Stigmas 2. Achene lenticular, sometimes very turgid, smooth, cancellate, or Boe d wrinkled, capped or erowned with a depressed or elongate tubercle. About 200 species, most abundant in warm regions.—Spr.-fall or all year S.—BEAK-RUSHES. Style elongate: stigmas much shorter than the style. Spikelets in 1-4 dense globose heads. CAPITATAE. Mid. 2 panicled clusters: achene capped with a stout tuber II. CORNICULATAE. Style nore: ee as long as the style or longer. Perianth-bristles wanting or very short. III. PUSILLAE. Perianth-bristles present and usually well-developed. Bristles plumose: achenes wrinkled. IV. PLUMOSAE. Bri stles more or less distinctly barbed. V. GLOMERATAE. Plant stiffly erect : leaf-blades invalute, thüs BP heads short-peduncled or long-peduncled. 1. R. Tracyi. CYPERACEAE II. CORNICULATAE Achene ellipsoid-obovate, much longer than wi Perianth- I Shorter than the achene: e achene 5-6 m Perianth | rer about twice as long as the achene: ma- ture achene less than 5 mm. long. Achene broadly- obovate, slightly longer than wide. Inflorescence effuse, the prim e oo mur is with few Spike- nd S us ae less an 5 long: perianth-bristles ua lüforescence fastigiate, the primary glomurels with many (10—50) EE Ne achene 5-6 mm. long: perianth-bris- tles usually 6. III. PUSILLAE Achene transversely wrinkled. Achene ues or ur Ac e ae culate, 0.5-0.7 mm. long: spikelets loosely cor- Aches po 1.5-2 mm. long: spikelets corymbose-cap.- Stem ‘leaves with blades 0.7 mm. wide or less: spikelets Stem-leaves with eem 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: spikelets AEE ET ut "E 5 long, obovoid-ellipsoid or oval, 2M pitted. the tubercle minute, incon- 2 long, suborbicular or oval- orblenlar, ers ie the tubercle prominent. IV. PLUMOSAE Spikelets solitary or 2-4 together, 6-8 mm. long. Spikelets numerous, clustered, 2.5-4 mm. long. Perianth-bristles plu umose nearly or quite pA the top. tems slender, 1 .5-3.5 dm. tall: spikelets small. Stems stout, 3-6 dm tall: spikelets large. Perianth-bristles plumose below the middle or only near V. GLOMERATAE BEIE a barbed. Scales pale-green or white: perianth-bristles 9-24. pe hene broadly ellipsoid or ellipsoid-obovoid : perianth- bristles ipae doe than 15. ME turbinate-obov h-bristles mostly more Scales boom perianth-bristles 6. . Sp ne dd to numerous in rather loose, often pani- sters. Spi pikelets many together in clusters; scales dark- wn Achene about 1. 5 mm. long, the body broadly el- lipsoid bos the stipe-like base. no about 2 mm. long, the body subglobose ove the stipe-like ase. Spi eres few in distant clusters ; scales pale-brown. Spikelets numerous, in 2-4 dense globose clusters. Spikelets 5-6 mm. long: achene 2.5 . long. Spikelets 3-3.5 mm. long: achene 1.5 mm. long. Bristles ea barbe Achene ooth or cancellate, not transversely wrinkled. conos smoo Tubercle of ‘the achene ciliate to serrulate. Leaf-blades flat. Leaf- E ane involute, filiform or Achcue Tinear- oblong: perianth-bristles much mm. long or less, light-brown. Achene 1.5-2 mm. long, dark-brown. eu d e 10. "n Or 20. 21. d! 24. 28. R. R. . corniculata. inundata. . Careyana. . macrostachya. . intermirta. . divergens. . Chapmanii. . pallida. . Rappiana. . oligantha. plumosa. intermedia. . semiplumosa. . alba. macra, capitellata. glomerata. leptocarpa. acillari "icsoceahdid: fuscoides. Curtissii. filifolia. CYPERACEAE Achene eae obovoid, much less than 1 mm. wide. MN broadly obovoid, about 1 mm. Fz a bristles about as long as the Spikelet-seales very broad, suborbicu- A: eniform, mostly less than 3 un Spikelet-scales narrow, ne to elliptie, mostly over 3 mm. lon porn Dee much longer Achene without a stipe-like base, the tubercle conic-subulate. Achene with a stipe-like base, the tu- bercle pc Leaf-bla - Perianth-bristles much pera than the achene, times very short. Leaf-bla ER z. .D- 3 mm. wide: spikelets 2-5 on Leaf-blades narrowly linear: spikelets 4- Leaf-blades s bristle like, filiform: spikelets Leat blades "aio p) wide: spikelets 6-8 Achene cancel s Leaf- EAT any 1 linear, blunt or merely acute: e Leaf-blades DR ON linear, attenuate. Achenes 2.5 mm. long, equalling or Shorter than the Dris tle Achen n 2 2. mm. long, much longer than the Spikelets ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5-3.5 . long: tubercle not constricted at the bas Spikelets globose-ovoid, about 2 mm. long: ube nd constricted at the base Achene transversely wrinkle Perianth-bristles enorter than the achen Leaf-bl ms filiform: spikelets filiform- lades and stem edicelled, stalked. Leaf-blades flat or involute, not filiform : sessile or short- -pedicelled, stalked. Leaf-blades involute Achene flat, 1.5 ‘mm. long, continuous with the tubercle. chene strongly biconvex, 2 mm. long, con- stricted under the tubercle. Leaf-blades flat. eer eee hae not constricted under the spikelets Achenes 1 mm. E tubercle depressed, wider than Achene ellipsoid, decideuiy longer than I uy 1 wide, finely Achene o e about as S wide, fully 1 mm. wide, ned wrin Cymes many r les nodding: ‘tubercle donfucnt with the achene- e pM erect: tuber- with ring-like base, thus a en differentiated from the body. achene- 25. R. on N CO Q2 d 38. e 42. R. eJ . R. fusca. . Harperi. distans. - solitaria. . gracilenta. Smallii. Baldwinii. . fascicularis. . Wrightiana. dodecandra. ciliaris. Grayi. Harveyi. . pinetorum. rariflora. Torreyana. Earlei. Edisoniana. . perplexa. globularis. 178 CYPERACEAE adii 1.5 mm. long: tubercle conic, about s high as wide. 5. R. cymosa. Achene eon reseed: constricted under the rele. 6. R. compressa. Perianth-bristles gem long as the achene or longer. Spikelets ovoid to globular, 2-4 mm. long. chene not stipi ate. with nn or ascending peduncles end pedic Tuberele not En eto se Tubercle depress sed-conic or disk-like. 47. R. saxicola. Tubercle conic or E EE 14 to l5 as long as the achen Achene d mo long. 48. R. punctata. Achene- Periantir bristles A as long achene, exceeded ually by t tubercle. Spikelets uce: tubercle blu E achene orbicu- lar- n 49. R. microcarpa- Sp : uk s e Us B sharp- pointed, ne ellipsoid. 50. R. decurrens. Perianth: bristles ES longer achene and tubercle. 51. R. schoenoides. Tubercle setos D i —3-flowered. erianth- bristles not longer than achene and tubercle. 52. R. patula. Perianth- bristles longer than the achene and tubercle. Anon broadly gue void or P neus obovoid. 53. R. caduca. Ach narrowly obovoid. 54. R. miata. Spikelets 5—10- flowered. 55. R. prolifera. Cymes with divaricate peduncles and pedicels. 6. R. miliacea, Achene constricted at the base into a stipe: tuber setos 57. R. stipitata. Spikelets fusiform "to lanceolate, 4-6 mm. lon Le in as ades filiform: achene obovoid : tubercle 58. R. stenophylla. Leaf-blades not filiform : achene linear-ellipsoid blanceolate: tubercle setose. 59. R. inexpansa. 1. R. pared Britton. Stem up to 1.2 m. tall, nearly terete: leaf-blades chan- ; wide: spikelets in i dense heads, 5-6 mm. long, pale: scales d Or slightly dran: achene obov - or euneate-obovoid, 2 mm. long, ciliat n exceeded by the perio ee the tubercle subulate,. fully twice as long a achen Ceratoschoenus rue Cha E m] —Pineland ponds and pe Coastal Plain, —(W. I.) E Fla. to Miss. and Ga.— 2. R. corniculata (Lam.) A. Gray. Stem up to 2 m. tall, 3-angled: leaf-blades 6—20 in diffus es, fusiform: seales i cus or slightly acuminate: achene ellipsoid- par mm. long, nee ex- edin UR unequal perianth- bristles, the tubercle 1m several pore han Hor longer t the —( NED-RUSH.)— Swamps and wet eon Coastal Plain and a adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., D a.—A form from the interior, Ala. to Tex., Ark., and Ind., with el., and ao aceite smaller achenes has been described as A. conniculata. ined r. 3. R. inundata (Oakes) Fernald. Stem, leaves, and inflorescence resembling R. corniculata, but plants loosely PE and widely gregarious: spike- CYPERACEAE 179 s pq fusiform: seales ii or abruptly pointed: aehene mostly 4—4.5 i ut d as long a a erianth- pine the tubercle about thrice four eae as l as the achene.—( HORN H.)—Ponds, M swamps, and pns Coastal Plain and New England Gu Fla. to Mas 4. R. Careyana Fernald. Stem and leaves resembling those of R. corniculata and È. inundata, the D like the latter widely stoloniferous: inflorescence effuse, the ters ra V er lax: spikelets loosely spreading: seales aeute to abruptly pointed: achen UN about 4 mm “Jong, about 14 as long as the perianth- ier the iubere nearly thriee as long as the achene.—( HORN H.)—Marshes, ponds, ditches, low pinelands, Fla. 5. R. macrostachya Torr. Stem up to 2 m. tall, 3- fon Me solitary is some- what tufted, but not NUT d leaf-blades. mostly less than 2 cm. wide: spikelets in one or several dense fastigiate clusters, Pisiform sales pus Or acuminate and often slender-tipped: achene y obovate, 5 much shorter than the perianth-bristles, the tuberele thriee or four times as long as the achene. [R. corniculata macrostachya Britton.]— (Hor NED- nid) ) —Swamps, marshes, ponds, and wet pinelands, sean in salt-marshes various oou Fla. to Tex. "SE Kans., Mich., and E Mass.—The frui t ehar- acters as given above fail occasionally in eee s from t of ex "Missis- sippi River, which have narrower achenes and Short bud. ‘bristle R. intermixta C. Wright. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, filiform or capillary: leaf- blades da M the stem, but more slender, curved: spikelets elliptic-ovoid, about 2 mm. long, borne in 1-3 s separate lax clusters: ene obtuse or abruptly oid, pointed, 1.5-2 mm. long: achene ellipsoid- -obovoid o eate-obov long or nearl 80, transversely wr d . Whitish, ES puce: perianth-bristles, the tu bre small, depressed. [5 P silla M. A..Curti xu Pineland swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W 13 divergens M. A. Curtis. Stem 1.5—4 dm. tall, filiform or wi iry: leaf- blades resembling the stem but more slender, curved: spikelets borne in loose or somew $a Rue ntraeted corymb-like cymes, elliptic Fi ovoid-elliptic, 3-3.5 ong, a seales aeute or mueronulate, 2-2. du . long: achene broadly obovoid c rbieulr oed much | tha n 1m te ng, nii bs the bas mpanied with pe e pr s the iub much depressed.— Moist pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C—(CW. I.) 8. R. Videndum M. A. Cur Stem 2—6 dm. tall, filiform: leaf-blades re- sembling the stem but more sender: spikelets borne in usually a solitary termi- al cluster, fusiform, 3—4 mm. long: scales d d mucronate, 2-3 mm. long: achene oval, fully 1 mm. Tu smooth and ing, not aecompanied by an Pen -bristles, the tubercle deltoid, ne slightly depressed.—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C. 9. R. pallida M. A. Curtis. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, stoutish: spikelets numerous, borne in a mostly PA terminal dense cluster, fusiform, 4-6 mm. long: PM acuminate or abruptly pointed, 2.5—4 m E perianth- “bristles Mat short, a Or W E Do achene obovoid- ‘ellipsoid or oval, about 1.5 long, ooth, the tu bercle inconspicuous, minute, depresse d.— Àcid "OE i Coastal Plain, N. C. to N. Y. R. Rappiana Small. Similar to E. d in ae, Aa peed and with ne leaf- blades: spikelets rather num bor ngle terminal cluster, gene a colored, 5-6 m ng desc cnn abruptly short gun mo stly 3 long: perianth- bristles v Nan short or wanting: ae sub- ae neue orbi ae about ong, pale, minutely ied m ‘tubercle prominent, pate ee depressed Mies E E pen. Fla. 180 CYPERACEAE 11. R. oligantha A. Gra Stem 2-4 dm. tall, capillary: o d or few together in a lax clu ster, ellipsoid Or ellipsoid-fusiform 6-8 m scales acute or abruptly pointed, 4—6.5 mm. long: perianth -bristles ine EA the ene, y plumose below the middle: achene o re long, tran nl wrinkled, the tubercle prominent, wit ilated border and a con , often acid, sandy soil and REOTA Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex 12. R. plumosa Ell. Stem 1-3.5 dm. tall, slender and wiry: leaves few: blades filiform, dier d selects borne in 2—4 lax clusters, ellipsoid-ovoid, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: cales s -acuminate or s te, 2. 5-4 mm. lo ong: perianth- bristles o nearly or quite to the top, about a s long as the achene or or ter: achene mers ea obovoid or broadly oval, fully 1.5 mm, oa ze di led, the tubercle depressed-conic, not constricted under bas El Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—(W. I.) 13. R. intermedia Mu E pL Stem 2-7 dm. tall, stout: leaves numer- ous: blades 1-2 mm. wide, or less involute: spikelets borne in 4—6 clusters i r o rrupted te e ovoid, 3—4 . long: seales Pipe. 3-5 mm. long: perianth- bri s plumose nearly or quite to the top, longer than the achene: achene abe 5) abou . long, transversely wrinkled, the tubercle depressed-conic, constricted ds ‘the base.—Pinelands, Fla. Reported from Ala. 14. R. semiplumosa A. Gray. Stem 2.5-7 dm. tall, bright-green: leaf-blades 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: spikelets dd in a terminal head -like cluster, or some- bra 2. a o cluster, fusiform, 4-6 mm. long: scales short-acumi- 2-8 mm. lon ea a cen longer min ae achene: aehene broadly obovoid or orbieular-obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long, wrinkled, the tubercle conic, often broadly so, above the . annular Pen — Pin elands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.— (W. I.) 15. R. alba (L.) Vahl. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, pale-green: leaf-blades mostly less than 2 mm. wide: spikelets borne in mostly 2—4 dense corymb-like clusters, 4—5.5 mm. long, narrowly duque hine acute or mucronate, 3.5-5 mm. long, white or pale- - een: perianth-bris 9—15 or rarely more, much ais than the achene: achene broadly e cllipsoid b ellipsoid- psi fuly 1.5 mm. long, pale-brown, constricted at the base, the t bu rele d one-half as long as is achene or more.—( WHITE BEAK-R H.)—A Acid bogs, oo M Ga. to Ky., Minn., "N Calif., Alas., C eu d Newf.—(W. I., 0. W.) 16. R. macra (Clarke) Small. Stem 2-8 wel tall, bright-green: leaves mostly over 2 mm. wide: spikelets borne in mostl or 2 dense corymb-like clusters, 4,5—5.5 mm. lone. fusiform: scales mucro A 3—4.5 mm. p ordre perianth- -bristles pA 15-24, much longer than the achene: urbinate- obovoid, about 2 mm. long, br own, Zo at the esi ae eee conic or conic-subulate, about one-half as long the achene. [&. alba macra Clarke. |—Wet Oa aie Coastal Plain, Fla. p. Tex. and Ga. 7. R. capitellata (Miehx.) Vahl. Stem up to 1.5 m. tall, bright-green: leaf- blades deep-green, mostly 3 mm. wide or s spikelets borne in few dense eorymbose-eapitate, mostly erect, distant, clusters, ellipsoid-ovoid, 3-4 mm. long: scales dark-brown, 1.5-3 m long, usually rad pape dedu bristles much longer than "the achene: achene obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long, con- stricted at the base, dark-brown, the pi subulate iod lanceolate: subulate, as long as the achene or nearly so. [E. glom e n U. 5. E ow an wet grounds, often acid, ions provinces, Fla. t ex., Mich, and N. B. 18. R. glomerata (L.) Vahl. Stem up to 2 m. tall, bright-green: leaf-blades bright- green, flat, mostly 4—7 mm. wide: spikelets borne in several to ma y CYPERACEAE | 181 corymbose-cymose dense pini hor are a nodding, fusiform, 5— 6m long: scales dark-brown, , 2.5-5 mm. long: perianth- bristles iu longer than the achene: Boe i adly obovoid or pyriform, about 2 mm. long, much constricted at “the base, the body thus often orbicular in outline, or even wider than high, the tubercle sabes. as long as the achene or nearly so. [R. glomerata paniculata (A. Gray) Chapm.]—Swamps, moist s and ravines, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Md. 9. R. leptocarpa (Chapm.) Small. i up to 1 l, light- or pale- ns leaf-blades thinnish, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: PO ees pre usually few together, in 3-6 short- stalke d clusters, posu e braets x p tlets n as almost hs ilary Eu ellipsoid or Eel soid- fusiform ong: scales obtuse dans ery thin, pale- i 1.5-3 mm. long: peres pia longer n the achene: 'achen en d, about 1.5 mm. long, pale, slightly constricted an b Dus p shining, the tubercle lanceolate-subulate, shorter [ &. erata dn Chapm.]—Wet woods and low eed roe Plain, ora, to Miss. and S. C. 20. R. axillaris (Lam.) Britton. Stem stout, up to 1 m. tall: leaf-blades 2-3 mm. wide, flat: spikelets i in ds large globular eve Coser 1.5-2.5 , diameter), fusiform, 5-6 mm. long: dark-bro 3—5 mm. b ng: aristulate-acuminate: perianth- “bristles larger oe ds HS. tar yn ceeding the tubercle: achene globose-obovoid, above the stipe-like base, pe 2.0 mm. lon oe the tubercle subulate, about as long as. the achene. [. cepha- lantha A. Gray.]—Aecid is and swamps, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and N. S.—(W. I.) 21. R. microcephala Britton. Stem slender, up t m. tall: leaf-blades Cue ic page ee spikelets aa in several nee a a (mos er), fusiform, 3-3.5 ong: seales chest bou ee mm. cere nulate: periant- ‘bristles Mes p nger than ps achene and tubercle: es Bon oid, abou . lon 28, constricted at the base, the tubercle subulate- lanceolate, nii. than “the —Swamps and low grounds, often acid, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, a m La. and N. J. 22. - ipic Clarke. Stem Psp 1-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades flat, rad 1-2 wide: ir ds borne few together in 1-3 stiff clusters, ovoid o ellipsoid. rs 2-2.5 mm. long, acute at both ends: scales muero nate, 2—4 long: per erianth- eles longer ihan the achene: achene broadly oval or orbieu- lar-oval, 1.5-2 mm. long, not constricted at the base, the cse Ub conie, as long as ‘the achene or longer.—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex—(W. I. ) | s A Stem filiform, 1-2 dm. tall: leaf gos strongly volute, very n w: r depu e aged n i ud n 1-3 lax d elipsoid often qu 1 , 4—6 m ong, a t bot aude: scales mucronate, 2.5-5 mm. long or rarely S pen Bede de longer e thie achene: achene narrowly ellipsoid or linear-ellipsoid, about 1.5 long, smooth, T tubercle lanceolate, fully one-half as long as the ieu Moist pinelands, W Fla. 24. R. filifolia Torr. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades channeled and involute, thus filiform or bristle-like: spikelets borne in usually 2—4 capitate clusters, 3.5 j lanceolate in outline or A di, te, 3-3.5 mm. long: scales acuminate or mucronulate, 2-3 mm. long, bro ae tae e d than the eS achen ne obovoid, about 1m ong, shining, light-brown, the tuberele deltoid to a -lanceolate, iu than the achene. Pinela nd ponds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and N. J.—(W. I.) 25. fusca (L.) Ait.f. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, deep-green: leaf-blades filiform- setaceous, T e borne few together in 1—4 rather lax clusters, 182 CYPERACEAE fusiform, 4.5-6 mm. long: scales o 3-5 mm. long, chestnut-colored: perianth- “bristles ae tae of them longer than the achene: achene nar- rowly obovoid, about 1 mm. long, Eo constricted at the base, the tubercle pied RUD or acs late, shorter than the achene.—Around ponds, often eid soil, various provinces, Fla. to Ga., Miss.(?), Mich., Ont., and “0. W.) . Harperi Small. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, o leaf-blades involute, thus ifo rm or linear- PR x elets borne in usual or 3 loose- eT. e d en 5-5.5 mm. long: scales ae E N mostly 3-5 wn: E verbe longer i. n achene: achene apoio. Rem 2 mm. zm n8, constricted into a so B -like base, smooth, the tubercle subulate, truneate.—Pineland pui "Coastal Plain, Ga. —Most closely related to E. le piorhyneha € = Wright, of Cuba, which was once recorded from Florida, pen tly ine 27. R. distans d Vahl. Stem 2-7 Es tall, slender: leaf-blades very narrow, involute, s filiform or nde spikelets | e few together or several, in usu ally p» Or 4 head-like eymes, o - ong: scales muero- nate, dark- brown, 2-3 m ong: perianth- bristles mostly as ped as the achene Or p achene o en Or - orbieular-oval, varying to ovoid or obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long, the t tube rele eonie-subulate, about one- ‘half as long as the achene. L Coastal Plain, Fla. to 5. = ) 28. R. pec d Stem slender, 3-8 dm. tall, M ed leaf-blades about 2 m r less, mostly flat: spikelets in eae capitate clusters, narrowly ia. a a ceolate in outline, 5-6.5 mm. lon scales aristulate- tipped, pen mostly 3-6 mm. long: erianth- bus about as long as the achene: obovoid, Bb. En 5 mm. long, faintly pitted, the tuberele tri- angular o or ERN much shorter than the achene.—Moist pinelands, Coastal Plain, S Ga, 29. R. aaan A. Gray. Stem = dm. tall, very pia a o leaf- tha A blades flat, or somewhat involute in drying, mostly les spikelets borne in 1-4 lax ae narrowly ov ee Tn mm acute or abruptly pointed, mostl 2-3 mm . long, Dro : perianth- e nh es than the achene: achene piss Or subglobose, about 1.5 m m. lon ng or more, mooth, the tubercle paper s long a e achene or lon pd —Low pine- D and acid p ADM Coas tal "Plain ur uta adi. provinees, Fla. to Tex and N. J.—(W. I.) 30. R. Smallii Britton. Stem up to 1.5 m. tall, ae alae n ase flat, ub: : : own 1235 “mm long: perianth-bristles much longer than the achene: achene obovoid, some- times narrowly so, about 1.5 mm. long, smooth, the tubercle lanceolate, one- half as long as the achene or more.—Swamps and damp hillsides, Blue Ridge, , and various Mon Va. to Pa. and N. J. 31. R. Baldwinii A. Gray. Stem stout, up to 1.2 m. tall, sharply 3-angled: oe 2—7 mm. wide, more or less glaucous: o borne e in 1-3 loosely capitate clusters, ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, 5-6 mm. long: scales aristate-tipped, ches tnut- -CO oa ed, 3-5 mm. long: perianth- bristles ren er than th achene oval or globo se-oval, fully 2 mm. long, minutely granular, the tubercle triangular conie, shorter than the achene. —Low ade Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. N. C. 32. R. fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl. e d: up to 1.5 m. tall, often ob- seurely 3-angled: leaf-blades 1.5-4 mm. wide, more or s involute, but ee ery narrow: spikelets borne in me le ee head-like cymes, broa der ovate-lanceolate in outline, 4—5 mm. long or rarely smaller: scales i CYPERACEAE 183 mucronate, 3-4.5 mm. long, dark ig. Bur ei -bristles shorter than the : achene oval or orbicular- -oval, long or less, the tubercle tri- angular, often deltoid.—Low pinelands, et Plain, Fla. to La. and N —(W. I.) 33. R. Wrightiana Boeckl. Stem very slender or filiform, 2-4 dm. long, spreading or ee “leaf-blades involute, thus filiform or setaceous: spikelets borne n usually 2 or 3 cluster- cymes, fusiform or narrowly ovoid, 2.5—3 mm. lon cales mucronate, 2.5-3 mm. long, brown, often pale: perianth- bristles much nm than the achene: BENE oval or orbi icular- m id, 1-1.5 mm. long, the tubercle deltoid or depressed. [R. brachychaeta Sauv. ]—Moist pinelands and grassy swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C—(W. I.) 34. R. indique Baldw. Stem dud pe to 1.2 m. tall, 3-angled: pos et i 4—10 mm. wide: spikelets borne in 4—6 lax eorymb- like clusters, ov . long: sea ics eod chestnut- e. 3-8 mm. long: perianth- fans m rter than the aehene: achene orbieular- obovoid or oval, 3-4 long, smooth, the tubercle d pope ed, with a collar-like base, much Boon m the achene. Sa ndy hammocks, sandhills, and scrub, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C. 35. R. ciliaris (Michx.) C. Mohr. ges stout (2), up to 8 dm. tall, obtusely ueous. ae in a solitary capitate clus ee scm ovoid, or p n in outline, long: scales aristate tipped, Boe: 2.5—4.5 long: perianth- bris inh hones than the oval or ees oval, about 1.5 long, eancellate, the tube ER mere ud much 2 than the achene. TR. ‘ciliata Vahl ]—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C. 36. R. Grayi Kunth. ples iced rd 2-7 dm tall, 3-angled: leaf- blades bru linear, mostly 2—4 not Ta shi ining: spikelets borne in 2—4 loose e e clu P ‘ovoid, 56 mm. long: scales mucronate, 3-50 m a the achene: : achene pen cr DD adly ellipsoid, about 2.5 mm. long, cancellate, dark-brow ercle Gar ed-conic, much shorter than the achene.— Dry Sinne "Coda Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. 37. R. Harv ici i W. Boott. us up to 1 m. tall, 3- Vu ae ee green: leaf- blades flat or nearly so, 1.5 wide: spikelets borne in 1-4 capitate cymes or oe especially those E he terminal inflorescence in corymb ae cymes, ovoid, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: scales aristate-tipped or mucronate, 2-3 m m. long, Mun cold icu d odes d uch shorter than "the y obovoid or orbie j ully 1.5 mm. lon brown, the tubercle depressed, with a somewhat sie like base. le Plankii Britton nb —Low grounds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Tex., Okla., and Ark orum Britton & Small. Stem up to d l m. tall, sharply 3- EET ind eren light. penu leaf-blades flat, 1.5-2 mm. wide: spi ikelets borne in several pie pid e globose-ovoid, about mm. sine. the bracts incon- icuo ales el E pure 2—2.0 on m perianth- ‘pristles En ET r than the achene: ie orbieular- -obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long, finely e ud light-brown, the tuberele B ud constricted at the base.—Pinelands between Myakka prairie and Punta Gorda, Fla. 39. R. rariflora (Michx.) Ell. Stem filiform, 2-5 dm. long, sometimes reclin- ing: As blades involute-filiform or setaceous: spikelets borne in usually 2 or 3 en corymb-like cymes, ee or ovo 5-3 mm. long: scales acute or obtusish, 2-3 mm. lon per d gm shorter than the achene: achene obov oid or broadly "ellipsoid, pue 1.5 mm. long, strongly transversely wrinkled, the tubercle depressed-conic. —Pinelands, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Fla. to Tex. and N. J.— I.) 184 CYPERACEAE R. Torreyana A. Gray. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, terete or obseurely 3- -angled: eat blades oe those of the upper leaves setaceous: spikelets Pica in filiform-stalked, corymbose, rather eae cymes, ovoid, abou pum scales ER UT mostly 2.5—4 m m. long: pun bies shorter than the achene: achene e ellipsoid- obovoid, about 1.5 long, transversely wrinkled, the tubercle broadly conic or depressed, much oes than the iid ur pinelands and acid swamps, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Ga. o N. H. = Es dracon Britton. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, 3-angled: prea ts flat or nearly wide: spikelets borne in 1 or few open corymb-like cymes, ovoid, Se ed [p seales aristulate-mue Mond or cone p^r them acute, 2.5—3.5 mm. long, red: perianth-bristles shorter than the achene: achene rne vagin or lpia , about 2 mm. long, transversely wrinkled, reddish- brown, 8 hat constricted at the apex, the tubercle much depressed or Pu flat. Baa Coastal Plain, S Ga. and Ala. 42. blades oe. flat e nearly so, 4 mm. wide or ‘less: spikele le ts borne in a pea ^ : Ld. . long: sea . lon rown: perianth-bristles shorter than the achene: achene ellipsoid, fuly 1m long, cancellate and transversely wrinkled, the tubercle depressed, low- eem or somewhat iud —Swamps and ponds, pen. Fla . R. perplexa iun Stem slender, up to 1.2 m. tall: d deep- green, flat, 1—2.5 wide: r ikelets borne in a terminal, and also s rs lor few Pals con mpoun und corymb-like m ovoid or orbicular-ovoi id, abou 2 mm. long: s He mueronulate, brown, 1.5-2.5 mm. a a anth- bristles ee than Bis achene: achene orbicular-obovoid, about 1 1o ong, trans- sely wrinkled, brown, not constricted at the apex, the nerale much de- o — Swamps, hammocks, and low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—(W. I.) 44. R. globularis (Chapm.) Small. pen: very slender, 0.1—1.5 m. tall, bright- greon: leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wide, but usually strongly involute: spike elts borne in 1 or few small few-flowered close dude ubglobose or oval-globose, 1.5—2 mm. long, the ee e capillary tipped ign p or obscurely tipped, dark-brown: h-bristles less tha ong the achen achene iu DON pu ut 1 mm. long or slightly ieee very turgi id, transversely wrinkled, brown, the fibers depressed-conic.—Pinel lands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va. 45. R. cymosa Ell. Stem slender, 0.5-1 m. tall, light m leaf-blades 2-5 n few mm. wide, flat or somewhat i nvolute: spikelets’ borne veral—many- were rymb-like cymes, ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, 5- o mm. long, the subtending bractlets with long capillary tips: scales slender-mucronate to aristate, reddish-b -bro p nth-bristles over 1 as hene obovoid or ellipsoid-obovoid, ab mm. long, strongly transversely wrinkled, the ele low-eonie.—Swamps, meadows ds e tuber m nd woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Ind. and N. J 46. R. compressa Carey. Stem rather d up to 1.2 m. tall: leaf-blades 3-5 mm. wide: spikelets borne in hn 5 cluster-like or ee -like cymes, with pro iae braets and braetlets, ovoid gend . long: seales lod 1.5-2.5 . long, brown: perianth- Desin low than "s ane achene rhombic- obovoid or orbieular-obovoid, about 2 mm. long, somewhat Conn d at both CYPERACEAE 185 ends, diit wrinkled and cancellate, the tubercle low-conic, with a eol- lar-like base.—Low pinelands and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., S Mo. and Ga. 47. R. saxicola Small. Stem 2-3 dm. tall, somewhat 3- ipud leaf- age 1- .0 mm. ether ymb es 1.5 mm. lon ransv the tu berele depressed-conic or disk-like, a sixth or an eighth the length of the aehene.—Boggy slopes, Stone Mountain and Little Stone Mountain on the Piedmont of Ga. 48. R. punctata Ell. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, slender, 3-angled: leaf-blades 2-5.5 mm. wide, flat or nearly so: spikelets borne, rather few together, in few irregu- lar eorymb-like or cluster-like cymes, ovo oid, 3—4.5 mm. long: scales md 2—4 mm. long, light chestnut-colored: periant cud deis ia than the achen wobei ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, prominently transversely wrinkled, the benle ER A often deltoid, much shorter than the achene Pinelands. Coastal Plain, Ga. and S. C. 49. R. microcarpa Baldw. Stem up to l m. tall, cd terete: leaf-blades channeled, 1.5-4 mm. wide: spikelets Bod usu ally m any together, in 2-3, often Er rip ee -like cymes, ovoid, 2-3 long: scales mueronulate, 1.5-2.5 long, very broad, dark-brown: perianth- -bristles about as long as the achene or slightly lo onger achene broadly obovoid uc obo es obovoid, about 1 mm. long, strongly transversely w wrinkled, tuberele depresse ed, Vim sh, mueh shorter than the achene.—Low dm l pinelands, and ponds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and N -(W.I - 50. R. decurrens Chapm. Stem 0.5-1.2 m. tall, nearly terete: leaf-blades lax, 2—4 mm. n. wide, flat: Elise Donc in 4-7 la ax, spreading or drooping, corymb- ee id, 2-2.5 mm. long: scales mucronulate, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, brown: porianth- “bristles about as long as Es aehene or longer: achene narrowly oid neate-obovoid, about mm. long, E a wrinkled, the faba Nes ped acute, somewhat codes on the achene-sides.—Swa amps and muddy Fla. R. schoenoides A ur tton. Stem up to 1.2 m. tall, 3-angled: leaf- blades mostly 2-3 , flat or slightly involute: spikelets ROME many EE in i- 5 lax often. somewhat nodding, bag ond -like cymes, ovoid, 2.5-3 lon cales mucro onulate, stly 2-3 mm. lon ne yon brown: dE bristles, unequal, as ie as the ade Or trum achene oval or e n fully 1 mm. long, strongly transversely wrinkled, one ced at the bas tubercle depressed, pius: shorter than th hene.—Wet grounds and RR oastal Plain and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and N. C. in R. patula A. Gray. Stem sng Maur 0.7-1.2 m. tall: leaf-blades 2—6 wide or more: spikelets borne i or more dae da ie hand like cymes, aa 3-3.5 mm. long: scales rebat pe own, ong: perianth- bristles i E as the pid or seabed achene ‘bro sadly: pt void, orbicular- obovoid, . long or more, transversely wrinkled, the tubercle low-conic or depre d —Svamps iu] low pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Miss. and N. C. nid R. caduca Ell Stem 0.9-1.5 m. en sharply 3- ee leaf- pede 4—10 . wide: spikelets borne very wo e together uh regular corymb-like cymes, ovoid, sometimes narrowly so . lon tw cales muero Bus. te, 2-3.5 m. long, dark-brown: perianth- istis | pie than the achene: achene broadly obovoid or orbieular-obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long, finely "Peck. wrinkle d, 186 CYPERACEAE the tubercle low-conic, much shorter than the achene.—Swamps and shaded banks, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and N. C.—(W. I.) . mixta Britton. Stem up to 1.5 dm. tall, 3-angled: leaf-blades 3-7 mm. ec n Or bus eolate in outline, 3-4 m ong: seales short-acuminate or ba eronate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, = own: puo longer than pron narrowly obovoid or elli pu about 1.5 mm. long, finely the Son Bn c wrinkle d, the tubercle conic, often one-half as long as the achene. —Swamps and low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga. 55. R. ee Small Stem 0.5-1 m. tall slender, weak, 3-angled: leaf- blades 2—6 mm. wide, flat: D Doe usually 1 n togethe er, 2 several corymb-like es flat, ovoid or noar -ovoid, obtuse or aeutish, mostly 2-3 mm. long, thin, decidu hg pecie -bristles “fully long as the achene: achene broadly o bod to suborbicular, 1-1.5 "long, slightly transversely wrinkled, persistent on the rachis, the fines pisi somewhat constricted at the base.—River-banks, moist sandy soil, and pin M Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C. . miliacea (Lam.) A. Gray. Stem up to 1.5 m. tall, de ndr d res blades 3-8 mm. wide, flat: “spikelets ages mc eee in mostly 6-8 lax eorymb-like cymes with divergent stalks, oid, m. long: s ae dos nulate, 1.5-3 mm. long, brown: perianth- bristles ee pons the enn achene obovoid, oval, or suborbicular, 1-1.5 m long, transversely wrinkled, pale, the tubercle depressed or docu m much shorter than the achene.— Caleareous low hammoeks and pond-margins, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—(W. I.) 57. R. ds c D Stem up to 1 m. tall arching above: leaf-blades flat, 4—10 mm. wide: spikelets borne many togethe r in 3-5 more or less nod- ding corymb- T cym es, n ed ovoid or broadly fusifor m, 7-8 mm. long, brown: scales mucronate, 3.5-7 mm. long, Pp e much longer than the a ne: achene ed obov oid, 1.5 ong, finely cT wrinkled, tipe-like base, the tubercle dod conie, about one-half as long as os "So nis and low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—(W. I.) 2. R. stenophylla Chapm. Stem 1—4 dm. tall, wiry-filiform: e chan- led or somewhat involute, very slender: spikelets borne few Boh ds 3 lax pun corymb-like cymes, nar ie fusiform or lanceolate in mm. long: scales mucronu oO 3—4.5 mm. long, pale-brown: ocu bristles em than the achene: ne obov oid. or obovoid- d about 1.5 long, transversely wrinkled, the habe is conic, about o alf as lo ome as the - achene. —Grassy pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and & C.— 59. R. "PER ees (Miehx.) Vahl. Stem up to 1 m. tall, slender, 3- ey se blades flat, 2 mm. wide or less: spikelets borne many togeth er in 1— narro nun mately bone. paniele- 2 cymes, fusiform, 5-6 mm. long: ae acumi- or slightly müeronulat 2.5-0 mm. long, brown, or reddish-brown: s a aban t twice a as long a the achene: e pd ellipsoid or linear-ellipsoid, or slightly broaden y upward, abou long, trans- versely wrinkled, the "ubere triangular- duele Or M Aum subulate, one- half as long as the ene or more.—Damp roadsides and pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. Ben) Fla. to La. and Va. 17. MARISCUS [Hal.] Zinn. Perennial caulescent, often tall, herbs. Leaves few, not erowded: blades elongate, flat, or revolute in age, sometimes with spinulose-serrulate margins. Spikelets short, in small clusters which are borne in short rigid or long plume-like panicles, with the terminal flower per- CYPERACEAE 187 fect and fruetiferous. Scales rather loosely imbricate, broad. Perianth want- ing. Stamens 2. Ovary sessile: style deciduous. Stigmas 2 or 3. Achene short, ium ovoid, inr -lenticular or obscurely 3-angled, striate or wrinkled, not tubercled. [Cladium P. Br.]|—About 40 species, most abundant in warm regions.—Sum.-fall. Achene with a broad flat base which often has a flaring edge: leaf-blades smooth or nearly so. 1. M. mariscoides. Achene with a narrowed base: leaf-blades with spinulose-serrulate . . margins and midrib beneath. 2. M. jamaicensis. - M. mariscoides (Muhl.) Kuntze. Stem up to 1 m. tall, obseurely 3- i in ith stiff branches: leaf-blades Maru. 3 mm. wide or less, nearly smooth His of spike lets on rigidly erect or as- cending branches: d i pas : long: achene ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, including the ium like tip, cma striate, the flat base often 2 a RE edge. — (Po ND- USH. TWIG-RUSH.)—Swamps , marshes and wet sandy shores, = provinces, Fla. to Ala., Minn., and N. S. 2. M. jamaicensis (Crantz) Britton. Stem lax branches: leaf-blades d | mm. wide or ro spinulose-serrulate on the margins | midrib mun d. clusters of an the spikelets on lax, often pas branches: 3.5 m larger scales less than g: achen ovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long, 1 a or abruptly short- t-pointed, buoni narrowed at the bas e. [C. effus (Sw.) Torr.]—(SAw S.) —Swamps and ced mostly less than 100 ri above sea-level, Coastal "Plain, Fla. E 2 Ue (W. I. : mass and large areas ‘of pur e saw ex., C. A., S. A.)—In grass excels any other sedge in our ra us It is the mu EE of the Everglades and of other marshes, and also o swamps ranging from saline to fresh. The numerous very sharp-edged leaves make progress through col- onies of it diffieult. ~ 18, REMIREA Aubl Perennial gregarious caulescent herbs with elongate horizontal rootstocks. Leaves numerous, crowded, imbricate at the base: blades not elongate, striate. pikelets sev- eral or pus in a sessile terminal involucrate s few, closely imbricate, short igmas 3. ch narrow, d-angled, not tubercled—A single species, widely distributed in the tropics. E ritima Aubl. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, ane intervals along the elongate ae E simple: leaf-blades recurved-spreading, 2—10 em. long, attenuate, smooth: head ovoid, 1-2 em. long: spikelets 3-5 mm. long, slightly curved: scales hooded at the apex: achene narrowly ellipsoid, 2-2.5 mm. long or rarely longer, obtuse.—(BEACH-STARS.)—Sand-dunes along the beach, east- 188 | CYPERACEAE ern coast of S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., O. W.)— Although relatively small, this plant is conspicuous on account of the lines of starry t tufts which arise at intervals from the long rootstocks which are buried in the beach sand. 19. SCHOENUS L. inne sie eae rush-like tufted herbs with short rootstocks. Leaves few, erect: blades elongate, involute, thus slender. Spike- lets blaek, in a dens ain terminal head subtended by a long e braet. Seales few, de imbrieate, long and narrow, acute. Peri 3-6 scabrous or plumose bristles. Stamens 3. Ovary sessile: style doge deciduous. Stigmas 3. Achene short and stout, 3-angled, not tubercled.— About 60 species, mostly natives of the Old World. o th 1. S. nigricans L. Plant densely tufted, up to 1 m. tall, glabrous: leaf- sheaths pei -brown or almost black a t the base; blades rigid: head of spike- lets 1-2 em. long: Dad linear- janceolar te in outline x 12 mm. long, dark-chestnut: scales irene or Tu a -subulate, or the lower ones broader, acute, scabrous- ciliolate on the keel near the apex: achene oval, 1.5 mm. long or rarely longer, T bot Ever rglados, pen. Fla. and L Keys A also Calif. —(W. I., Mez., O. W.)— , Bec- 2 SS NS sity herbarium, mae d in ie Torrey’s s hand- iting as havi ing Zale 1-3 eae in & head and perianth- -bristles as long as the achene or longer. S. cans has 5-15 spikelets in a head and very short or obtuse 20. SCLERIA Berg. Annual or mostly perennial, caulescent herbs with horizontal rootstocks. Leaf-blades pd linear, usually very narrow. Fl n b ers monoecious. Spikelets in terminal or oth axillary and terminal clus- ters, the pue l-flowered, the staminate several-flowered: scales imbricate. erianth no Stamens 1-3 hers narrow. Ovary someti orne on a imes disk epoca ae. eis Pdl Stigmas 3. Achene erustaceous, bony, or enamellike, the body globular or slightly elongate, ours white or nearly so, smooth or variously roughened.—About 200 ui cies, most abundant in warm regions.—Spr.—fall, or all year S.—NUT-RUSH Achene with a circular, angled, or lobed disk (hypogynium) which often bears tubercles. Ache RE e-body smoo I. TRIGLOMERATAE. Achene-body papillose, wrinkled, or reticulate. II. SETACEAE. ER s ypogynium, sometimes narrowed into a stipe- Spikelets in a single terminal cluster. III. GRACILES. Spikelets in several separated clusters along the upper part of the stem. IV. VERTICILLATAE. I. TRIGLOMERATAE Hypogynium papillose-erustaceous. 1. S. triglomerata. Hypogynium with 8 or 9 tubercles. 2. S. oligantha. CYPERACEAE II. SETACEAE E ed reticulate. H um 3-lobed, the lobes appressed to the achene- Achene 2m mm. s or E the body EU . S. d M E mm : se S. 1 pu © B Q8 et — © c e [en ee res m c © Nn e (o B ct cub c5 . Ñ. he oA H pon HL 3e a notched or 2- lobed tubercles: achene 2.5-8 vae Plant pubescent : : ac Hcc about 3 mm. long. ypogynium- bd 2-lobed: spikelet-scales pu- bescent on the back. 6. S. Elliottài. Hypogynium-tubercles entire or merely notched: spikelet-scales glabrous or besten on the keel. 7. S. ciliata. Plant glabrous: achene about 2.5 mm. lon 8. S. Brittonii. Hypogynium with 6 distinct tubercles : hence 1.5-2 mm. long. 9. S. pauciflora. III. GRACILES Achene 3 mm. long or less, with a pair of prominent pits on eaeh side of the base. 10. S. gracilis. Achene over 3 mm. long, Wi Boul pits, or with a single pit on each side of the bas Achene-body smooth d even, the base, each ya with a shallow excavation and often 2 obscure pits in it. 11. S. Baldwinii. Achene-body ribbed lengthwise, the base prominent, each side with a deep excavation, but without pits. 12. S. costata. IV. VERTICILLATAE Achene 2-2.5 mm. is ng. 13. S. lithosperma. Achene about 1.5 mm. lon chene-body Papilor er aged: bracts merely serrulate near e apex. 14. S. verticillata. Achene-body smooth : bracts with long spreading hairs. 15. S. hirtella. 1. S. triglomerata Michx. Plant up to 1 m. tall, the stems somewhat scabrous, stout: leaf- apis flat, 3-9 mm. wide, scabrous: 'elusters of spikelets terminal, and usually 1 or 2 long-s stalked m pis the upper leaf- axils: achene abou long, the body ovoid to globose- A gs tuse, smooth and even, the hypogynium low, obscurely triangular, papillose- ao. NY, —(TALL NUT-RUSH.)—Moist to dry sandy soil, meadows, and thickets, various prov- inces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Ia., and Vt. S. oligantha Michx. Plant up to 9 dm the upper : e about 3 long, the body ovoid, sometimes narrowly E obtuse or aeute, smooth and even, the hypo- gynium low, obtu Md tr angular, suppo fae 8 or 9 tubercles just under the achene-body.—Moist soil, often in woods, Coastal. Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ind., and D. C. S. p de Miehx. Plant 2-7 dm. tall, the stems smooth, slender: leaf- bia des mm. wide, smooth: clusters of spikelets terminal and usually also upper -axils: achene 2 mm. long or n 1-3 les, ihe body dull- -white, globose, glabrous, reticulate, c hypogynium edt the lobes appressed to the achene-body.—Moist meadows, damp sand, and pine- lands, Coastal Plain and a m provinces, Fla. to Mo. and "Mass. hm Great Lake Lowland, "Ind.—( W. I., Mex.) 190 | CYPERACEAE 4. S. setacea Poir. Plant often spreading, up to 7 dm. long, the stems erect, spreading, or diffuse, 8 dm. long or less, usually tufted: clusters of spikelets terminal and axillary, the arn ones stalked, nodding or sometimes nearly erect: scales mostly 3-5 mm. long: achene 2.5-3 mm. long, the body Boho or spheroidal, rugose or iud. pubeseent, the Ogeogmim, 3-lobed, ap- pressed to the achene-body. [S. hemitaphra Steud. S. Tor a Wa alp. S. de poda C. Wright. eo pinelands and sandy swamps, Coa d Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Conn.; also Great Lake Lowland, Ind.— (W.I 5. S. Curtissii Britton. Plant weak, often reclining, 1.5-4.5 dm. long, the dis relatively slender, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wide, ooth: clusters of spikelets scant, the axillary ones, when present, slender- stalled scales 83-5 mm. long, pu ubese ent on the I achene about 2 mm. long, e body globose or lightly depressed, Pu late, glabrous, the hypogynium Rede 3 pairs of tubereles.—Pinelands, near 3 acksonville, Fla. 6. S. Elliottii Chapm. Plant 2-7 dm. tall, the stems stoutish, regs d pangs) pubescent: leaf-blades broad, mostly 4-6 mm. wide, usually flat: of Pos large, a and commonly 1 or 2 stout-stalked ix ous Dus cales m. long, usually pale, finely pubes ll over hen t 2 m. long, Es body subglobose or slightly elongate, wrinkled o o papillose, some of the basal papillae elongate and deflexed, the hypogyniu with 3 strongly 2-lobed tubere A D hammocks, and e hillsides, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Va.—(W 7. S. ciliata es Plant up to 1 m. tall, the stems slender, stout, sesh or pubescent the angles: leaf-blades narrow, 1—2.5 mm. wide, bee ing revolute: PM of spikelets small, gen al, and sometimes also sillar slender-stalked ones present: scales 4-6 m "ong, usually e ud pum E abrous or pubescent on the keel: achene uos on long, the body s sub- globose or ovoid, fin ur and usually amici ET some of the Pe Pes elongate and deflexed, the hypogyn 3 entire or merely notched tubercles.— Woods, pinelands sandhills, ‘ond. Se Coastal "Plain id adi. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo. and V 8. S. Brittonii Core. Plant up to 9 dm. tall, d stems Ep relatively slender, often reclining, glabrous: leaf-blades 2— '3 mm. wide ess, glabrous: clusters of spikelets small, terminal, is pp Bis axillar ry and short- or slender-stalked: scales mostly 4-5 mm. long, glabrous, often light or dark chestnut-colored : Me ae ut 2.5 m x nee the body globose « D ovoid- oo [fe RN Or papillose-wrinkled, the hypogynium with 3 tubercles. [S. g (Chapm.) Britton, not Boekl.]—-Pinelands, sandhills, and hee d Plain, "Fla. to Miss. and N. C. S. pauciflora panies Plant 1-6 dm. tall, the stems slender, pubescent: leaf- blade less than m. wide, or rarely more, pubescent: clusters of spikelets few together, bd and ‘often also 1 or 2 short-stalked or long-stalked axillary ones present: scales 2.5-5 mm. long, glabrous, or pubescent about the keel: achene 1.5-2 mm. long, the body globose or ovoid- oo ic rario some the h of the lower papillae elongate and reflexed, ypogyn 3 pairs of small tubercles. AM rA pinelands, meadows, and En various fiim Fla. to Tex. , Ohio, and N. H.—(W. I). 10. S. deg El. Plant 1—4 dm. tall, the stems slender, sometimes filiform, smooth: leaf-blades Bee thus fili form, smooth: spikelets in a single ter- minal ui. seales glabrous, the larger ones 4-5 mm. _ long: achene 2-3 mm. long, the body ovoid or globose- -ovoid, ribbed lengthwise, obtuse or minutely pointed, with a pair of pits on each side of the pias base, the hypogynium CYPERACEAE 191 wanting.—Low pinelands, and shallow ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. O—(W. I.) . Baldwinii (Torr.) Steud. Plants oP to 1 m. 2 the | stout, rough, pA Qs above: leaf-blades flat, 2-5 mm. wide, metimes narrower, oth o mewhat scabrous: spikelets in a ent terminal a un scales glabrous ‘the d ones 8-9 m ong: e fully 4 mm. long, the body oid or oval-ovoid, oth a udo a dies ently pointed, the base obscure, often with 2 obscure a in the shallow transverse A ak the hypogynium nting.—Pineland ponds and low oris Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. costata (Britton) Small Similar to S. Baldwinii in pep zu bins bod aes ig clusters: scales E the larger ones les ong: e less than 3.5 mm. long, the body ape ribbed pue dcus ds pura pesca the base prominent, “triangular ae ide with a deep nsverse excavation without pits, t pogynium "wan ing. [S. Baldwin Bienes Britton.]—Swamps and anm de Plain, Fla. ps Tex. and Ga. 13. S. dpud D) Sw. Plant 1-6 dm. tall, the. dd lere slender leaf-blades 1.5—2 m. wide, with seabrous- ciliate eit ins keel: eus of spikelets 2—4, m pud the ds D Mes -like bee the upper with bristle-like bracts: achene 2—2.5 mm. long, rarely smaller, the body bright-white, oval, elipsoid, or obovoid ps an nd even, fered into a stout stipe-like base ith 3 depressions, the hypogynium wanting.—Low pine- lands and hammocks, "Tere ae Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I., Mex., W.) 4. S. Meloni Muhl. Plant up to 9 dm. tall, the stems slender, often filiform, sometimes diffuse, usually glabrous: leaf- blades very narrowly ‘linear, 0.5-1 mm. wide, I elusters of spikelets several on the upper part of the stem, separated: scales 1. = ro long: achene about 1.5 mm. long, the body globose, papillos e-ridged with the ridges sometimes c :onneeted and thus reticulate, beaked, with a broad ae like base.—Moist pin er s, sandy woods, direi and wet dud various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Mass. —(W. I., Mex.) 15. S. hirtella Sw. Plant 1-6 dm. tall, the stems slender, smooth or nearly so: leaf-blades 2—4 mm. wide, pubescen t: clusters of spikelets several on the upper part of the stem, separated, sessile, often nodding: scales mostly 2-3 mm. ong: ach ong, the body RE smooth, sometimes slightly pointed, non del pr a miis base.—Moist pinela nds and river- swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) AREX [Rupp.] L. Grass-like sedges, perennial by rootstocks, the Bisnis. monoecious or sometimes dioecious. ulm (stem) mostly eae often strongly phyllopodic or aphyllopodic. Leaves ; (braets) elongate or short, and subtending the spikes of flowers, or Md Flowers solitary in the axils of scales (glumes). Spikes one to many, either wholly pistillate, wholly staminate, androgynous or irem iie sessile or peduneled, the base of the peduncle often with a s ind -like organ (clado- -prophyllum ) surrounding it. Perianth non Stam ne flowers of a ree (or rarely two) stamens, the filament poles "ist DN flowers of ingle pistil, with a style i n or three stigmas. Style jointed with the on, tipped or rounded achene and withering, and at length deciduous, or continuous with achene persistent and not withering. Achene 3-angled, lenticu- 1 Contributed by Kenneth Kent Mackenzie. 192 CYPERACEAE lar, or plano-convex, completely surrounded by the perigynium or rarely rup- turing it in ripening. Racheola occasionally developed.—Comprises 1,000 species, widely distributed, but most abundant in temperate regions.—SEDGES. Achene lenticular and EE two: lateral spikes sessile: terminal spike DET pis- tillate, or if (rarely) staminate the lateral spikes short, or heads dioecio Spikes strictly EE (4.€., with the stáminate flowers uppermost). pikes few (ten or less): Der mum green u -ripe. SDE aoe : perigynium yellowish or nis as a abruptly contracted into the eak. Perigynium yellowish: opaque part of leaf- sheath usually transversely rugulose. rig Spikes, some or all of them, gynaecandrous (i.e., staminate at base) : some often entirely pis- tillate or some occasionally entirely staminate or staminate at both ends. Perigynium appres Seren um AAT or ascending at ma- Perigynium narrowly to broadly wing-mar- Achene triangular and styles three, or lenticular and ytes o: if lenticular, oe a spikes a ly peduncled, terminal spike staminate and lateral spikes "dun Achene rounded at apex, x rongly Cols a at base: lower scales bract- Achene o DEC ot strongly eee a S Spike one: perigynium rounded Hg ce beak- less, glabrous Sp pu one or more, when one not as described ve. Perigynium triangular, or circular in cross- section, ~closely- enveloping the achene, 2-ribbed, stipitate, tapering at the base, pubescent or puberulent, at least at the o of d beak: bracts sheathless or early s BO cone triangular: foliage not pubes E pee triangular: foliage ten pubescent. of Perigynium glabrous or minutely hispidu- . lous or pubescent: if ST some or of the other roe differing from those given a Lowest Dract strongly “gree n-sheathing : beak of perigynium, if present, rarely pne Du but a a the apex hyaline an Spike Hors on ne. Spikes two or mo Bracts with obsolete or rudimentary Leaf-blades flat: perigynium pu- berulent to pubescent Leaf-bl a filiform: perigynium g Bracts with well- developed blade s. U s o Short-oblong to 7 r nyc triangular: terminal Spike staminate. X RR tee eo I. MUHLENBERGIANAE. II. MULTIFLORAE. III. PANICULATAE. IV. STENORHYNCHAE, V. CANESCENTES. VI. DEWEYANAE, VII. STELLULATAE. VIII. OvALES. IX. PHYLLOSTACHYAE. X. POLYTRICHOIDEAE. XL Mon TANAE. er XII. TRIQUETRAE. XIII. PICTAE. XIV. DIGITATAE. XV. ALBAE. CYPERACEAE Rootstock long-creeping: scales ee ed. Rootstoc long-creeping : scales ercenieh or reddish- Prosa: -tinged. Perigynium triangular, taper- e Vip A elosely t5 Perigynium with dum oma ny strong nerves or Der voloss, bcm riate. Bede suborbicular in cross- oom: rounded at the Parle nica with few-many strong nerves, rather p enveloping the Perigynium finely many- str Pistillate spikes elongate, linear to cylindric, E -peduncled, the lower droopin ae bea iles or short- bea ; terminal DIES gynae- nance Perigynium conspicuously or strongly beaked. Culm strongly reddish-purple- panic at the base, aphyllo- Cam p. strongly reddish- purple-tinged at the base, yllopodic. Lowest vee SPEARE to strongly green- sheathing: if green-sheathing, peri- Ey iu 1 ds entate non- hyaline apex and sti no. A least the yee sheaths) pu- roe perigynium-beak not biden- Foliage not pubescent (save in. some ged. 'Terminal RD staminate: scales rough-awne Perigynium strongly beaked, the b usually strongly biden- tate; or if not so, the achene lent tic ular Achene lende lar: stigmas two. Scales not long-aristate : achene not constricted in middle. Scales long-aristate: achene d constricted in the Archene ta N stigmas three. Style jointed with the achene; perigynium strongly pubes- Cit to glabrous, coriaceous. Style aa aa with the Pericvntuni coriaceous (im- B nerved in our Perigy Hm pea dn the nerves ribs not im presse ed. XVII. XVIII. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX XXXI. XXXII. . PANICEAE. LAXIFLORAE. OLIGOCARPAE. . GRANULARES, GRISEAE. . GRACILLIMAE, SYLVATICAE. LONGIROSTRES. VIRESCENTES, ANOMALAE. ATRATAE. SHORTIANAE. PENDULINAE. . ACUTAE. . CRYPTOCABPAE. HIRTAE. PALUDOSAE. 194 CYPERACEAE Perigynium lanceolate or lan ce-subulate, taper- HE in 2 e eak, y-nerved. Buren teeth re- flexed : perigynium pm early decidu- XXXIII. COLLINSIAE. Peri igynium. -teeth not r xed : Daa ello wish-green. Perigynium broader, ab- ruptly contracted into he beak, ally strongly ribbe ea one less than 1 ng. Peric inmi -body ovoid or globose, h ot truncately contracted. Perigynium coarse- ly ribbed or an obovoid or obconic bo XXXIV. FOLLICULATAE. XXXV. VESICARIAE. XXXVI. PSEUDO-CYPEREAE. prominent beak. XXXVII. SQUARROSAE. Perigynium 1 cm. long or longer. XXXVIII. LUPULINAE. d s NAE I. MU Perigynium conspicuously corky-thickened at base, usually widely radiating or re- flexed at ma urity. Beak S eevee smooth: scales acuminate, deciduous: spikes mostly approxi- Body pu perigynium broadly ovate, uneaually bi- neus deep-green, many striate at base ven- Bod? ot perigynium lanceolate or ovate- oe late, plano-convex, light-green, nerveles Beak of perigynium serrulate: scales baie tis j TE stouter, twisted, short, deep- -brownish- red: perigynium deep- green, contracted n Prud conspicuously white-hyaline at th Leaf- a E 2.5 mm. wide: spikes usually with 9-12 perigynia: perigynium perigynium .5-3 mm. long, more ascen ng. Perigynium not or but little corky-thickened at base, spreading or ascendin Perigynium nerveless dor euis or 2- or 3-nerved scale (excluding awn) much cceeded by body of perigynium: sheaths not or but slightly thickened at mouth ; he ad vee orbicular. Perigynium elliptic-ov vate, narrowed at base. pud a middle, with piros raised argin Perigvnium Droad ovate, broadest at the trun- cate-cordate base, and sharp- Pw only to- wards the base, flat on inner 1. C. retroflexa. 2. C. texensis. 3. C. rosea. 4. C. convoluta. 5. C. radiata. 6. C. cephalophora. 1. C. Leavenworth. CYPERACEAE Perigynium strongly many-nerved dorsally: body of — little shorter than to exceeding peri- gyn sheaths thickened at mouth. Perigynium strongly nerved ventr ally, narrowly wing-margined to base, the margin and center se ra elevated: head oblong: achene sub- orbic Perigynium nerveless or nearly so ventrally, p-edged below the middle, flat or very ne ae SO. Head oblong, 1.5-4 cm. long: culms tall, AO leaf blades elongate: achene ovoid- or Head sere sequ 0.7-2 cm. long: culms low, not stiff, spreading : leaf-blades short. II. MULTIFLORAE Beak of perigynium equalling the body: leaves usually exceeding culm : perigynium dull-yellowish. e ` bi t Body of perigynium reniform or broadly orbicular, strongly resinous-dotted: perigynium squarrose, mostly exceeding awn of scale. Body of perigynium ovate to broadly e but little resinous-dotted : D Hor cend- ing, mostly exceeded by awn of scale. II oe Represented by one species in our ran IV. STENORHYNCHAE Perigynium 4-6 mm. long; beak 1-2 times length of body: leaf-sheaths not red-dotted ventrally. Sheaths cross-rugulose ventrally, easily broken, no thickened at mouth. Leaf-blades 4-8 mm. wide; perigynium 4-5 m long, the beak about the length of the Bode Leaf-biades 8-15 mm. wide: perigynium 5-6 long, the beak longer than the body. Sheaths n not cross- ue ddr SRI) not easily Perigynium 6—7 mm. lon da disk-like base 2-8 times length of body: a TE red-dotted ventrally. CANESCENTES Represented by one species in our range. VI. DEWEYANAE Represented by one species in our range VII. STELLULATAE Body of perigynium broadest near middle; beak not serrulate on margins. Body of edt haere broadest near base; beak ~ often upper part of body e on margin Perigynium 2.25-3. 25 long: pe ccn mene 14—14 length of bo d very shallowly biden- e: pas — to two-thirds length of bo erigyn n strongly ritos leaf-blades 0.25-1 mm. Ee. aggregated in a dense head: leaf-blades 1-2.5 m Perigynium 2.15-4. 75 mm. long: perigynium-beak sharply bidentate, the ventral false suture conspicuous. Body of an risus suborbicular or very broadly ova ares See at maturity (before age DEA k less than half the length o E et I D Q 23. 196 CYPERACEAE Seale NIS to short-cuspidate, 25 to nearly Scale Due about half the length of the body of perigynium, the midvein not form- ing a sharp keel, obsolete or nearly so at ee 2 achene orbieular, widest near Body of perig nium ovate to lanceolate, straw- colored AA maturity or often darker- “tinged ; beak half the length of the body or more. Body of perigynium noticeably es cceaiae the d a a oe leaf-blades 3-3.5 sto Body of. ea © ualled or exceeded by the e sharp-pointed a: ve des 0.75- .(9 min. wide: culm slender. VIII. OvALES Perigynium narrowly to broadly lanceolate, at least 22 times as long as broad, very thin and scale- ike. Leaf-blades at most 3 mm. wide, those of sterile shoots few, ascending. Leaf-blades broader, those of sterile shoots numer- ous, spreadi ice PO lanceolate or broader, at most twice ng a a Body of perigynium obovate (often broadly) broad- est at top, very aa beaked : lea deed green-striate ventrally nearly to th outh. Eee irs to short-acuminate : choc "Eesuilé ee perigynium 1.5-3 mm. Seales obtuse or acute: spikes silvery-gree culm stiff: perigynium witn body a ae s very short-beaked, the beaks not nspicuous at top of spikes Scales acute or ort acuminate : spikes not silvery-green: culm slender: perigynium with body truncate-rounded at apex, twice length of Bos the beaks conspicuous at top of spi Seales long-acuminate or aristate: achenes stipi- tate: perigynia 2.5—4 mm. broad. Body of erie ain ovate to SIBI HG. broadest at middle or base: leaf-sheaths conspicuously hyaline ventrally. peu 3-4 mm. long, strongly nerved ven- Perigynium-body ovate: leaf-blades 2.5-6 base. Perigynium-body orbicular: leaf-blades 1.5- 2.5 1 spikes mostly long-clavate at AER Perigynium 4- 6 mm. long, nerveless ventrally. erigynium plano-convex with suborbicular body 2.5-8.5 mm. wide: scales usually acute Perigynium very flat with reniform body 3.5- 4.5 mm. wide: scales obtuse. IX. PHYLLOSTACHYAE po of perigynium oblong: pistillate flowers usually 0. uA 2 perigynium globose: pistillate flowers usually X. POLYTRICHOIDEAE Represented by one species. XI. MONTANAE None of the culms short and hidden among the base of the leaves. to al w © . C. incomperta. . C. atlantica. . C. Ruthii. . C. angustior. . C. scoparia. . C. tribuloides. . C. Longii. . C. straminea. . C. alata. . C. normalis. . C. festucacea. C. brevior. . C. reniformis. . C. Willdenovit. . C. Jamesü. . C. leptalea. CYPERACEAE Culm aphyllopodic and but little fibrillose at base: b wanting: ligule conspicuous, longer than Culm hyllopodic and strongly o at ‘base: g. nate spike "unc conspicuously long- Be a c" less than half the length o Beak of perigynium as long as, or longer than the body. Body of perigynium P a spike 4-12 mm. Plants without jon slender s Plants with very long Sgt. stolons. Many Nus ed oo short and hidden among the base of staminate Achene. ao diiy triangular: scales strongly dark- margined: stolons E eee culm co- piously fibrillose at the Achene normally lenticillar c Qmm at most moder- ately dark-margined: stolons Tong, horizontal : culm little fibrillose at the base XII. TRIQUETRAE Foliage not pubescent: perigynium short-pubescent, many-ribbed, obovoid: achene very short stipitate: seales strongly several-ribbe Lower foliage soft pubescent: perigynium densely vil- lous above, many-nerved, elliptic- Pu E achene long stipitate: scales slenderly r XIII. PICTAE Represented by one species. XIV. DIGITATAE Represented by one species in our range XV. ALBAE Represented by one species in our range. x PANICEAE EePiEsn um with very short, often pent beak or beak- s : staminate scales strongly purplish-brown- Culm rupee: not strongly purplish-tinged at th a spreading by deep-seated slender white culm aphyllopodic, strongly mu usd at the ase, with interwoven stout rootstoc pene nion with prominent beak mm. ns stami- nate scales slightly yellowish- -brown-tinged. . XVII. LAXIFLORAE I. Staminate scales purplish. Bract-sheaths (usually) and base of the culm (always) strongly purplish. Bracts Mops . pistillate spikes closely flowered gyn n sharply triangular. - . wide: pistillate spikes 2-6- flowered on long Sca lary peduncles Leaf-blades 10- m. wide: pistillate spikes 4— 12-flowered on stiff. pedun neles ir dno. pistillate spikes with perigy- i n y separate: perigynium obtusely tri ngula II. Stamina a never purplish. Bract-sheaths not Dole -tinged, the base of the culm but ane so. Pabna s cutely triangular, base, hispidul ous. Leaf- ATE very smooth (except edges), the larger 12 mm. wide or more, those of the fer- tile culm much smaller than those of the steri short-tapering at 40. Hy -1 C 6. e n C 00 C. communis. . C. pennsylvanica. . C. lucorum. C. varia. . C. physorhyncha. . C. nigro-marginata. . C. floridana. . C. validior. . C. dasycarpa. . C. picta. . C. Baltzellii. . €. eburnea. . C. Meadii. . C. biltmoreana. C. Chapman. C. plantaginea. . C. purpurifera. . C. platyphylla. . C. austro-caroliniana. 198 CYPERACEAE a hispidulous on the veins, 10 mm. wide or less, those of the fertile culm mod- erate ly sm mailer than those of the sterile. Sessile ee ee eee staminate spike and ap Leaf-blades 1-3 dm. long: per p mm. long, the sides 1.5 mn vide, essentially beak 59. C. abscondita. Tea? blades 1.5-3.5 dm. m perigy? nium 4 5 mm. long, the sides 2 mm. wide, eak 1 mm. long. 60. C. magnifolia. Bine spike conspicuous, peduncled : pis- tillate E E bracts not at all spatha Lowest SC pcs "bistillate Spikes with a pistillate flower: leaf-blades not glau- cous, erect, 2. -5 mm. wide. 61. C. digitalis. Lowest scale of pede T empty or with a staminate flow leaf-blades more or less EET e ng, 4-8 mm. wide. 62. C. laziculmis. Perigynium obtusely triangular, long-tapering at base, smooth. Sterile shoots reduced to tufts of leaves. Pistillate scales very rounded- truncate: beak of perigynium short, abruptly bent: culm Strongly narrowly wing-margined: leaves not semi-evergreen 63. C. albursina. Pistillate s scales acuminate to strongly cuspi- erigynium ien ascending, branous, 3-4.20 mm. long: leaf-blades beneath’ and Gia conspicuously white- ee culm narrowly wing-mar- 64. C. heterosperma. Perigynium spreading-ascending, subcori aceo mm. long: Mus not white- striolate beneath,except at apex not wing-angle 65. C. laxiflora. Sterile shoots developing conspicuous culms: lea not semi-evergre Péricvuiom obovoid- ellipti? or fusiform, rather sharply angled above and with straight conspicuous beak. Perigyn ium strongly nerved, 3.5-5 mm. ong. Pistillate spikes short-oblong, few- flowered, the lower on long capillary peduncles : : culm and bract-sheaths inat spike usually long-peduncled. 66. C. stylofiera. p Spikes linear-oblong, 10-20- ak as on erect peduncles: culm mou trorsely ids late: staminate spike and most pen illate spikes eos A ous 67. C. crebriflora. Perigynium nerveless or nearly so, 3-4 mm. long: pistillate spikes linear-ob- long, many-flowered, erect: bract- AS Ee retrorsely serrulate ard uth. 68. C. leptonervia. Batis dun a Pe triangular-obovoid with abruptly bent short beak: spikes many-flowered. Culm not purplish-tinged at a e perigynium obovoid, 3-4 ng: staminate scales usually pc K 69. C. blanda. Culms strongly purplish-tinged at the se: M i oadly obo oid, 2.5- 3 mm. long: staminate scales usually . reddish- bios: -tinged. 70. C. gracilescens. CYPERACEAE eee OLIGOCARPAE Represented by one species in our are XIX. GRANULARES Rootstock not long-creeping : staminate ‘spike short- peduncled : cheat not prolonged upward at mo Perigynium nerved, 3-3.5 mm. long, very short- beaked, the orifice nearly entire: n Spikes 5-6 mm. wide: leaf-blades 1.5-3 m i Perigynium ribbed, -4.5 O e beaked, the orifice emarginate rset spikes about 7.5 mm. wide: leaf-blades 3-6 mm x Perigynium elliptic, 1.5 mm. wide: leaf-blades 4 mm. wide less: bract-sheaths rough and peduncles ery rougn. Perigynium oblong or peerage oe d, 2-2.5 mm. wid lea : bract- ee pions B a 5B O w: & B (D 8g i : larger Spikes normally E than -flowe lower scales usually equalling perigynia: bract-sheaths tight. Culm strongly purplish-tinged base: peri des 2-4 Spikes widely Sera: the ipa n Culm brownish- tinged at the base: perigynium i m eaf-blades 4-6 mm. poss spreading: Eu not nearly basa Leaf-blades glaucous: larger paves more than wered : lower scales shorter than perigynia : a enlarged upward. Tip of achene bent: pe o ca 3-5 exceeding sea Tip of achene straight: Doisenfunr 4.5-6 m long, two to three times exceeding the Scale mm. long, XXI. GRACILLIMAE Plant glabrous: lowest bract i short-sheathing: perigy mm. long or Sheaths, and often foliage, M HAN at least lowest bract strongly sheathin Terminal spike gynaecandrous : pistillate scales not reddish-brown: lowest bract, at least, . : . thick, strongly nerved, short shallowly bidentate beak: P eral xps cl cept at bas M aie acuminate or short- -cuspidate: ee Sa .D-4 mm. long, less than 2 vide, little swollen: spikes linear- cyli ndric. Upper scales long-cuspidate: perigynium 4-5 mm. ong, more than 2 mm. wide, strongly spikes linear-oblong or oblong- . thick, pee nerved, beak- ral spikes. alter- lower braci n nn gly eathing: leaf-blades 1.5- 2.5 m Termi en spikes staminate : pistillate Scales ‘reddish- brown-tinged : lowest bract not sheathing. 199 . C. oligocarpa. . €. granularis. . C. Crawei. . C. microdonta. . C. conoidea. . C. amphibola. . C. grisea.’ . C. glaucodea. . C. flaccosperma. . C. prasina. . C. oxylepis. . C. Davis. . C. aestivalis. . C. misera. 200 CYPERACEAE XXII. SYLVATICA Perigynium firm, strongly several-nerved ; scales a h reddish- brown; upper sheaths 'puberulent at Perigyni ium glabrous, strongly ribbed, subcoriaceous, the beak thickish, flattened. Perigynium pubescent, strongly puris submem- ra Perigynium membranous, light Heels p^ ales hya- DE. with green mid-rib or somewhat reddish- wn-tinged: upper sheaths not pubescent at Seales cuspidate or awned, the midvein extendin ng o the tip: perigynium hispidulous, short-stipi- no the beak sharply but unequally bidentate: sterile shoots aphyllopodic Scales obtuse, E at apex, the midvein not ex E m PE to tip: perigynium normally glabrous, i ví apex more or less cleft: ques HS hyaline margine, rounded on Perigyni mm. long, green, the be uk less subulate, desi bidentate, oe or not at all obliqu ely cleft, hyaline betw the teeth: Scales tawny-tinged, sharply kee Je XXI LONGIROSTRES Represented by one species in our range. , V. VIRESCENTES Perigynium densely pubescent: lower spikes distant, © mae r2 (D, tu o O o 2 DO € e &. o" jon} [67] [o] il b: o [m] m O r$ et BÉ eo B jui £u £P Leaves exceeding culm: lowest bract setaceous, 0.5 mm. wide: pistillate spikes oblong-cylindric: peri- gynium obovoid. rum exceeding leaves : lowest bract leaflet-like, 0.5- wide: pistillate spikes linear-cylindric : s devenit ium ellipsoid. Perigynium glabrous at least at maturity: spikes con- tiguous, sessile or nearly so: ligule shorter than wide or at least not longer Perigynium much flattened, rou nded at apex, lightly nerved: tip of achene straight or little henr, Leaf-blades glabrous, stiff: perigynium granu sh ort-pointed at apex, coarsely nerved or rib- bed: tip of achene very abruptly bent. Perigynium 2 mm. lon rownish-green : scales pilose, not rough- AET leaf-blades sm pa Perigynium 2.5-3.5 long, green: scales rough- aa Eee pilose above: leaf- blades XXV. ANOMALAE Represented by one species. XXVI. ATRATAE Terminal spike staminate: lateral spikes slender- stalked, the lower droo oping: pistillate scales obtuse or acute, shorter than perigynia. Terminal spike gynaecandrous: lateral spikes short- ssa or sessile, erect: pi s ae strongly wned, normally exceeding perigyn XXVII. SHORTIANAE Represented by one species. 00 On 88. e t 99. 100. . C. oblita. . C. venusta. . C. allegheniensis. . C. Barrattii. C. debilis. . C. flezuosa. . C. cherokeensis. . C. Swanii. . C. virescens. . C. complanata. . C. hirsutella. . C. caroliniana. . C. Bushit. . C. scabrata. C. Buzbaumi. C. Shortiana. CYPERACEAE II. PENDULINAE squarrose, often but Perigynium strongly ribbed, EE glaucous: staminate sary tapering into the : basal sheaths not filamentos Be ee nerved, ARA AA pere 'glaucous : nate scales abruptly awned. Pistillate stami- erect: seales pul -brown- Pistillate Spikes nodding: tinged : perigynium obscurely nerved. XXIX. ACUTAE Culm stout at base, smooth above: beak of perigynium poe twisted when dry: stolons very short, as- ing. Cuim more slender, very rough above: beak of perigy- nium et short or absent, not twisted : stolons, when ent, elongate, horiz ontal. In large ‘beds: leat-blades bluish- -green or glaucous- , flat at base: scales dark-purplish-brown. In AET CDS: Test blades COCA green, channeled ase: scales ‘reddish- bro XXX. CRYPTOCARPAE Perigynium smooth or slightly granular: acbenes nor- mally constricted in the middle. Sheaths rough hispid eet le scales tapering 2 i lower pistillate h y: “lower Dionpete scales abruptly Con duced m the Perigynium strongly papillate: Het normally not constricted in the middle: lower sheaths slightly his- pidul DIS dorsally: lower pistillate scales abruptly awned. Pes HIRTAE Perigynium glabrous to sparsely pubescent. Pistillate spikes oblong to globose, their scales S EL 5-7 ee perigynium 8-11 mm. Iong, oarse Pistillate spikes narrowly oblong, their scales 3- ved; perigynium 4-6 mm. long, impressed Bee altar densely pubescent. XXII. PALUDOSAE Represented by one species in our range XXXIII. COLLINSIAE Represented by one species. l ae orn Perigynium narrowly lanceolate, 2.5 mm. wide at pistillate scales acute to short- Bed. puteus halt ength of perigynium: pistillate spikes staminate at apex: bract-sheaths enlarged a ard. Perigynium lanceolate, 3 mm. ut base: pistillate scales awned, averaging three- n. jencth of peri- thea pistillate spikes not pes imd staminate at apex: bract-sheaths enlarged up XXXV ESICARIAE Pistillate scales (except rarely a not rough abruptly beaked, ne inflated: pis- tillate p oe or eylin dric, 20-40-flowered. Perigyni radually beak ed, much less S ONSIS z inflated : pistillate Spikes globose to short oblong, 10-20-flowered. Pistillate scales rough-awned. p died .cylindrie to nearly globose, 14-18 thick: perigynium Lue into beak. Pistillate spikes narrowly cylindric, 8-12 mm. thick: perigynium abruptly congacted. into beak. 105. 118. 119. . C. Joorii. C. verrucosa. . C. glaucescens. . C. torta. C. strictior. . C. stricta. . C. gynandra. . C. crinita. . C. Mitchelliana. C. turgescens. . C. Walteriana. . €. lanuginosa. . €. hyalinolepis. : C. Collins. . C. Smalliana. . C. folliculata. . C. bullata. C. Elliott. C. lurida. . C. Baileyi. 202 CYPERACEAE XVI. PSEUDO-CYPEREAE Perigynium obtusely triangular, eniin e ee stoloniferous : ligule much lence aan e. . 121. C. comosa. Perigynium suborbicular in. cross-section, iors or less inflated : oe long stoloniferous: ligule wider than lon 199. C. Schweinitzii XXXVII. SQUARROSAE Scales exceeding perigynia: terminal spike small, nor- mally staminate. 123. C. Frankii. Seales much shorter than perigynia: terminal spike gynaecandrous. Achene linear-oval with flattish sides: style strongly sinuous or abruptly bent below: spikes oval, the perigynia with D. T AURE beaks : pistillate scales acuminate or 124. C. squarrosa. Achene obovoid with a sides: style straight below: spikes oblong-cylindric, the perigynia mostly with beaks appressed-ascending: pistil- late scales obtus ish. 125. C. typhina. XXXVIII. LUPULINA Pistillate spikes globose or subglobose: style bci st sto : Perigynium rounded at base, membran aceous, shin- : - 2.5- mm. wide, their d short-prolonged upward at m. ‘beyond base of blade: pistillate spikes 1-15-flowered. 126. C. intumescens. Perigynium cunesta at base, firm, dull, often his- Du lJeaf-blades 4.5-14 (averaging rte mm. wide, their sheaths not prolonged upward at mouth beyond base of blade: pistillate spikes 6-30-flowered. 127. C. Asa-Grayi. Pistillate spikes oblong or cylindric: RAM abruptly bent: stolons long, slender, horizonta Perigynium ascending, the beak less Tet twice the length of the body. €ulms arising singly from elongate rootstocks: ` leaf-blades 2-5 2n wide: pistillate scales acute or acumin 128. C. louisianica. Culms eespitose : ha blade s 4-12 mm. wide: pis- . tillate scales acuminate or aristate. 129. C. lupulina. Berega spreading at right a the DEN . two to three times the length of the body 130. C. gigantea. I. MUHLENBERGIANAE Tuckerm. Densely cespitose or a few species with the rootstock e d tough, and dark-colored. Culm not flattened. Opaque part of sheaths neither transversely rugulose nor red-dotted. Spikes usually 10 or less, caben e or pistillate, but not Spyies oro) rarely at all com- pound. Braets from little to strongly veloped. Perigynium plano-convex, green or chestnut-tinged or light-brownish in age, from appressed to reflexed, often strongly gy at base, SS Or ringl spon e, rve nerved, narrowly sharp-margined, conspicu- ously be the beak sharply bidentate aked, ehene lenticular. Style-base more or less thickened. Stigmas 1. C. retroflexa Muhl. Culm slender, stiffish, 2-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades 1-2.5 mm. wide: -flo u gated, the lower 1-3 separated: perigynium 3 mm. lon i CYPERACEAE 203 the body.— Woods z thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ill., Mich., and Vt.—Spr.—early su C. texensis | bo Culm very slender, 1.5-4.5 dm. tall: leaf- AT about 1 m spikes 4—7, 4—8-flowered, the upper aggregated, the lower separated: pa Mens um 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, green at maturity, the beak about half as long as the body.—Woods and thickets, inner part of Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, N. C. and Ga. to Tex., Mo., an nd S Ill. —BSpr. 3. C. rosea Schk. Culm 2—5 dm. tall, slender: leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wi ^d light- ars spikes 4 —8, 4—12-flo Menu the upper Qu the low ted: perigynium light-gre 3-3 3.5 m ong, 1.5 mm. wide, nerve vele ess, Or obscurely nerved, the beak " dn of Ho E Woods pas 1 thickets, various provinees, Ga. to La., N. D., Que., and N. S.—Spr.-early s 4. C. convoluta Mackenzie. Culm 3-6 dm. tall, ae leaf-blades deep-green, the sheaths somewhat septate- dou e spikes 4—7, 6—20-flowered, the upper i id ed, the lower strongly separate: perigynium 1.75 mm. wide, nerveless obse seurely nerved, the beak l4 length of the body.—Woods and x nds various provinees, Ala. to Kans., Man. oue and N. S.—Spr.-early su 5. C. radiata (Wahl) Dewey. Culm very slender, weak, 2.5-5 dm. tall: leaf blades light-green, the sheaths not septate- -nodulose: spikes usually 4, the two upper kien Ex Eje s the two lower strongly separate: perigynium ‘at first erect at m or less strongly spreading, 1.5 mm. wide, nerveless or ob- idees ae d, "the beak half length of the body.—Woods and c no d and more northern provinces, N. C. and Tenn. to Mich., Que., and Me. Sum 6. C. cephalophora Muhl. Culm peat 2-6 dm. tall, rough above: leaf- blades 2-4 mm. wide: head 8-15 m slong, subglobose, the PA densely Mena ae ed: perigynium 2.5 mm. long, ] 1.5 wide, narrowed into a bidentate beak much p ied than the body.—Dry open “woodlands, various provinces, Fla. to Tex n., Que., and Me.—Spr.-early sum C. Leavenworthii Dewey. Culm an oe erect or spreading, b m PN 1.5-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades 1-3 m ee 2 pls short-oblong, 8—15 long, the spikes densely i e "cum m. long, 1.25—1.7 Pun mm. wide, nerveless or nearly so, the bidentate beak L a of the body. a open woodlands and en RSEN provinees, Ga. to Tex., Ont., and N. J. (in trodueed.)—Spr.-early s C. Muhlenbergii Schk. Culm slender but stiff and erect, rough above, 5-9 aim, tall: leaf-blades 2-5 mm. wide, somewhat involute: hea d oblon ng, 2—4 mm. long, the spikes 4-10, distinct but. nm E acd braets Rd form, uod ous: seales e cuspidate o or short-awned: perigyni m 3.5 2m pud ribbed on both sides, iiec beak irc deeply MEER e^ in andy fields and dry rocky slopes in non- Midi regions, various provinces, Fla. "to Tex., Minn., and R. I.—Spr.-early su 9. C. p d ie. Culm stiff, n rough above, — dm. tall: leaf- blades wide, little invotuie. head oblon ng, 1.5—4 em. long, d Spikes 4—10 istinc but 3 ae aggregat s braets o d not conspicuous: scales cuspidat wned: perigynium 3 mm, long, 2.25 mm. wide, the beak rather short, de Tee. er. Mublenber gti enervis Boott. ]—Dry fields 204 CYPERACEAE and open woods in calcareous on various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Nebr., Mich., and Maine.—Spr.-early su 10. C. mesochorea Mackenzie. Culm slender, spreading or reclining, 1.5-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades 2.5—4 mm. mi usually about half length of culms: head ovoid, 10-17 mm. long, 10 m oer. the T bain nsely aggregated: often on roadsides, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Tenn. to D. C.; becoming cL "imtroduczd northward.—Spr.-early su II. MurTIFLORAE Kunth. Densely cespitose. Culm sharply triangular. Opaque part of sheaths usually transversely rugulose, red-dotted. Spikes numerous, small, androgynous or pistillate, but not pnm the lower more or less compound. Bracts frequently conspicuous. Perigynium plano- convex, not very thiek, yellowish-brown, ap- UZ r som short-stipitate, sharp-margined, more or less nerved, conspicuously rough-beaked, the beak bidentate. Achene lenticular. Stigmas 2. Style-base more or less enlarge 11. C. vulpinoidea Michx. Culm 3-10 dm. te uous: seales strongly awned: perigynium 2-3 mm. long, narrowly to broadly ovate, ascending or spreading at ee tesa sealer and wet meadows, various a Fla. to Tex., Ore., Vance., and N. B.—Sum 12. C. triangularis Boeckl. Culm 3-8 dm. tall, stiff, vir rara e Md ad blades 2-6 mm. wide: sheaths transversely rugulose: head 3- . long w very many s all s spikes, a or less compound a o bracts i setacoous, ju conspicuous: seales awned: per ium 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide.— igyni W prairies and m E Coastal Plain and adj provinces, Miss. “to Tex., Okla., and Ark.—Spr.—early 13. C. annectens Bicknell. Culm 3-10 dm. tall, stiff, rough above: leaf-blades Pg 2-5 mm. wide: ks dbi diy Sata 8 trongly prolo nged upw dd at mouth: head 2 m. long, m r les mpound at base and with very many small spikes: peo short, setaceous, ps egre seales strongly perigynium 2.6-3.2 mm. long, di 7—2.25 mm, wide, veless or nearly awne SO ventrally, [C. mo a (Barratt) Fernald. 1—Fields, mostly east of the mountains in non-caleareous districts: frequently introduced, various prov- inces, Fla. to Ark., Ia., and Me—Sum III. PANICULATAE Kunth. Densely or loosely cespitose. Culm not flat- tened. Opaque part of sheaths strongly red-dotted. Spikes numerous, small, i or compound. Bracts usually inconspicuous. Perigynium thick, -strongly convex CYPERACEAE 205 n the dorsal, and often somewhat convex on the ventral face, brownish o POR in age, ascending or spreading, iii spongy at base, ERN narrowly margined, more or less nerved, co spieuously rough beaked, the beak bidentate. Achene lenticular. Style-base more or less thiekened. Stigmas 2 C. decomposita Muhl. Culm 5-10 dm wW head 4-15 cm. long, decompound wit ery net small S ikes: bracts Bisel e, acute, nearly the length of “the oe pn gynium short- obovoid, 2—2.0 mm. long, tapering at base, very b | sally, faintly nerved ventrally.—Swamps, : various provinces, Fla. to La., Mo. Mich. and W N. Y.—Late spr.-sum. IV. STENORHYNCHAE Holm. Densely Md or with a more or less elongated rootstock. Culm triangular or somewhat flattened. Opaque part of sheaths usually transversely rugulose or red-dotted. Spikes few to many, androgynous to oe te, but not gynaecandrous, the lower from simple to compound. Braets little developed. Peri- gyniu D neienite yellowish or yellowish- brown, appressed-ascending to spreading, not thick-walled, but strongly spongy at base, nearly obsolete on the lower half, conspicu- ously beaked, the beak bidentate. Achene lenticular. Style-base more or less thick- ened. Stigmas 2 15. C. stipata Muhl. Culm 2-12 dm. tall, stout base, sharply 3-angled, slightly winged and strongly serrulate above, rather weak: leaf-blades 4—8 mm. wi E — m. long, somewhat compound, spikes ee 2 yellowish-brown: braets ineonspieuous: scales o umm o: lanceolate, minate, much shorter E the perigynia: perigynium 4—5 mm . long, 1 b strongly nerved.—Sw and wet meadows, Seay B various provinees, Tenn. o Mo., "N. M., Calif, S Alas., and New f— —Spr.- 16. C. uberior (C. Mohr) Mackenzie. Culm 4-9 dm. tall, very thick, but weak, sharply triangular, very rough above, much flattened in drying: leaf- blades 8-15 mm. wide: head 4-10 cm. long, compound, the spikes numerous, ! t u awned, much shorter than perigynia: perigynium 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate, strongly nerved. [Carex stipata uberior Œ. Moh Tor BUSES neutral soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and S N. J.—Spr.-early su 17. C. eee (Kükenth.) Mackenzie. Culm 4-8 dm. tall, ee thick- ened at base, sharply 3-angled, slightly winged and strongly serr rulat above, rather weak: leaf-blades 3-6 mm. wide: head 2. 9-6 em. long, the spikes numer- aeuminate, much shorter than the perigynia: perigyn ium 4—5.5 . long, EE strongly nerved.—Wooded s a neutral soils, various iota. Fla. to S Mo., IlL, and Mass.—Spr.-s 18. C. crus-corvi Shuttleworth. Culm 5-12 dm. tall, stout, very rough above: leaf. blades 5-12 mm. wide, the ries conspieuously red- dotted: head com- und, branching, A dm. long, 2.5-7.5 em. wide, the spikes ve E, piu hia much xeeeding scales, elongate- lanceolate, 2.79 6-7 mm. long, the d hard and disk Jike ——Swamps, neutral soils, "Gut aa Plain e more northern provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Minn., and Ind.—Late spr.—su . CANESCENTES Fries. Mi aa but in some ios with slender stolons. Culm triangular. Sheaths not cross-rugulose. Spikes 1-10, wi few to many perigynia, the anne one gynaecan orm the lateral pistillate or gynaecandrous, simple. Bracts inconspicuous. Perigynia plano-convex, white-puncticulate, lanceolate, ovate, oval, or obovoid, appressed to spreading, beakless to prominently beaked, more or less nerved on both sides, no ined, but o winged or marg acute-edged above, nearly or entirely filled by lenticular achene. Style-base not enlarged. Stigmas 2 C. brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. Culm 2-5 dm. tall, slender, stiff: leaf-blades 1-2.5 mm. wide, dark-green, not glaucous: pda S ered: scales ovate, sho rter the m eri- gynia: perigynt ium MÀ spreading. E : d mature, 2-3 mm. long, the f iiic bidentate rghit ak 4 a of body.—Wet soil ae E in acid soils, wi Ridge, N. C. and Tenn., various provinces, N N. J. to Mi ich., 206 CYPERACEAE ous, small, yellowish-green: bracts inconspicuous: scales ovate or S "EP à Newf. ma —Very widely distributed and Tou t N. In our region 2 in the higher mountai VI. DEWEYANAE Tuckerm. Densely cespitose. Culm triangular. Sh not red-dotted or cross-rugulose. Spikes 3-8, gynaecandrous, pistillate, or rarely staminate, simple. Lower one or two bracts often conspicuous. - gynium plano-convex, with a narrowly ovate or linear-oblong body, light- or yellowish-green, 3.5-5.5 mm. long, appressed, strongly spongy at base, only the upper- ‘halt sharp-edged, round-tapering at base, nerved on the outer face, nerved or nerveless on the inner face, the beak bidentate to deeply bidentate. Achene lenticular. Stigmas 2 C. bromoides Schk. Culm 3-6 dm. tall, slender, Py rough above: leaf-blades 2 mm. wers basal or inal both: perigynium narrowly lanceolate, ex- ceeding the oblong-lanceolate scale, 4-5.5 CYPERACEAE 207 . long, 1l mm. wide, little margined, little nerved, the rough beak at least half the on of the body.—Swampy Mic au acid o or neutral soils, various provinces, Fla. to La., Mich., and N. S.—Late spr.- VII. STELLULATAE Kunth. Densely cespitose. Culm triangular. Sheaths ikes not red-dotted or cross-rugulose. Spikes 2— or by reduction one, gynae- candrous or pistillate, or in a few species saints, not compound. Bracts inconspicuous. Perigynium plano-convex, with orbicular, ovate, or broadly oval bodies, green, yellowish-brown or brown spreading or reflexed at maturity, 2.5-4.5 m. long, strongly spongy at base, sharp- edged nearly, if not entirely, to the rounded or truncate base, not dep nerved n the outer surface, nerved o eless on the inner, the beak as or big eut. T lenticular. Stigmas 2 21. C. seorsa E. C. Howe. Culm 3-7 dm. tall, 0 6 us bs ith 5-20 i pd wide ly spreading ponis seales orbieular-ovate, narrower and shorter than peri- gynia bodies: perigynium 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, deep-green, strongly nerved on both faces. [C. rosaeoides E. C. Howe.]— —Acid ji) woodlands, various provinees, Ga. to Ark., Ind., and Mass.—Spr.-early su 22. C. Howei Mackenzie. Very densely cespitose in large pecu culm 2-7 dm. tall, usually very weak: leaf-blades 0.25-1 mm. wide, more or less in- e terminal long-clavate at base, the lateral 4-6 mm. long and as wide, the 5—10 perigynia a at length widely spreadin pc hte broadly ovate, whitish or long, 1.25 mm. wide. poss ue h green midvein: perigynium ov mm. [Carex eni (Fl. SE. U. S.) Not Ba Hoy T eid swampy sn 2 4 coniferous), various provinces, Fla. to La., Vt., and N. S.—Spr.- 23. C. Mohriana Mackenzie. Densely cespitose in large ‘clumps: culm 2~7 dm tall, very slender, usually weak: leaf-blades 1-2.5 mm. wide, ca naliculate, usually exceeding the culm: hea E .9 em. long, the eem 2-5, oa terminal inconspicuously staminate at bas ihe lateral suborbicular, 4-6 mm. long, the 4—10 perigynia at length w widely spr ading: scales broadly ovate, white -hyaline except the green center: perigyni ovate, concave-convex, 2.25-2 . long, 1.75 mm. wide.—Pinelands, acid soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala caro 24. C. incomperta Bickn. Culm 2.5-6 dm. tall, wiry: leaf-blades flat or eanalieulate, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: spikes 3—4, aggregated or lower slightly sepa- rate, the terminal 6—10 mm. long, clavate . base, the lateral 4—6 mm. long, suborbicular, with 6—15 spreading perigyn "i scales Pá ellowish-brown tinged, except the green midrib: perigynium 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, Strongly nerved on both sides, the body serrulate above. eid in d a n various provinces, N Fla. to Miss., Mi ch., and N. S.—Spr.-early s 25. C. atlantica Bailey. Culm dm. ipe stiff, pidum Es base: leaf- blades flat or eanalieulate, 1.5-4 mm. wide: spikes 3- 5, r less separate or rarely aggregated, the. ium "8-15 n long. Eu davate at base, 208 CYPERACEAE the lateral 8-15 mm. long, 6-7 mm. wide, suborbieular, with 8-20 at length widely spreading perigynia: scales light-brownish-tinged except the green Nerd perigynium 3 ae long, 2.25 mm. wide, strongly nerved on both sides, the body serrulate above.—Acid swampy woods near the ~ Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Tex. and N. S.—Spr.-early su 26. C. Ruthii Mackenzie. Culm 3-7 dm. tall, 3 mm. thick at base: leaf-blades flat or canaliculate, averaging 3—3.5 mm. wide: epi pp Ua 6, D lower widely separate, the lateral subglobose, 3-6 mm. em ng, the terminal similar, but longer Duns elavate at base: scales hight reddish- irbrown-tinged , an cept the broad hyali argins: perigynium 3.25—3.75 mm. long, 1.5 m nerved Eri: lly, yen ed ventrally, serrulate above.—Wooded a. "Blue ge, Ga. to N C.—Sum C. angustior Mackenzie. Culm 1.5-6 dm. tall, slender but strict: leaf- r canaliculate: spikes > 5, appro oximaté or little (oa the milar blade lateral suborbicular, 4-6 mm. long, 5- 15 flowered, the terminal simi but longer a Vie at the base: scales oo green with HEP defined midvein and ill-defined margins: perigynium 2.5-3.5 mm. long, mm. wide, impre essed-nerved ae ally, A body not pea —Open swampy po va- rious provinces, mts. of N. C. to Calif., Wash., Mich., and Newf.—Sum VIII. OvatEes Kunth. Densely cespitose or (rarely) with short-prolonged rootstocks. Culm triangular. Opaque part of sheaths not. red-dotted or eross- rugulose, but sometimes green-striate. Spikes 2 or 3, up t 20, each several to many perigynia, the terminal cd 0d the ty pistillate Or Jap. simple, the inflorescence varying from capitate to monili- fr i i igyni ually serrulate on the margins. yle- n scarcely thickened. Achene lenticular. tigmas 2. 28. C. scoparia Schk. Com 1. s am, tall, —10, m wi separate: bracts Sea ae scales thin, acute or acuminate, shorter mon per igynia: perigynium 4-6.5 mm. long, 1.2-2 mm. wide, appressed, E into the serrulate bidentate beak.—Moist soil, various provinces, S. C. to Mo., Colo., Ore., B. C., and Newf.—Sum. 29. C. tribuloides Wahl. Culm 3-10 dm. ey. rather stout, or sometimes slen- der, roughish above: leaf Des 2.5-12 mm. wide, the sheaths loose: spikes 6—20, aggregated or slightly d obovoid or ' turbinate varying to sub- orbieular, blunt, 6-12 mm. long, 5-8 wide: perigynium thin, little dis- ended over achene, ascen ding or erect, t, 3-5 mm. long, 1-1.5 m m. wide, LÍ exceeding the acute lanceolate scale —Wet t meadows, various Sp ee Fla. t , Minn., and N. B.—Sum CYPERACEAE 209 30. C. Longii Mackenzie. Culm 3-8 dm. tall, bur A. 2 ee es above: leaf-blades e mm. wide: spikes 3—10, aggregated o what separate, 6—12 mm. long, 46m m. Men silvery. is or in p cr DAE eli the lateral ages or little clav at base: bracts cp ar perigynium appresse 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, Dd on both faces, firm, the serru- late beak one-third length of body or less: seale nearly e equalling ponte en acid soil, Coastal Plain and adj. eaves Fla. to Tex. and Mas —(W. I., Mer., C. A., S. 4.) —Late spr.-sum 31. C. dig pues Rey Culm 2.5-9 dm. tall, very disse Hip ins above leaf- P a wide: oa 3-10, ager egated or r less PEAK ovoid, ,.4.5-6 m wide, rounded at bon eai or rounded at D E. ps pid s inconspicuous; hale en Su iade dr 3.5 half the length of the body, the scale pe aline, greenish-tinged and narrower and shorter than the perigynium. . albolutescens iU iss Edi: woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ind., and N. S.—Late spr.— C. alata Torr. Culm 3-12 dm. tall, rather stout, slightly Qn above: leaf- osa 2—4 mm. wide: spikes 5-8, more or less aggregated, 8-16 mm. long, 6—10 e ba c Or erm point ted at apex, whitish-green or in age brownish-green: brae d ex- cept the lowest, inconspicuous: perigynium nisi oan R ee: g, 4—5' mm. long, nerved dorsally, faintly nerved ventrally, abruptly contracted into a viui serrulate beak 14 the len pros of. bo dy, the jd ndi what shorter and much narrower than the perigynium.—Moist meadow ar the coastal salt marshes or in calcareous districts inland, Coastal Plain icd adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ind., and N. H.—Spr.-early 33. C. normalis Mackenzie. Culm 3-15 dni. tall, roughened above: spikes 4-10, from e A more or less moniliform, greenish or brownish, Æ lon is DE lowest inconspicuous: perigyni Sicque i thie eki sh, 1. pa wide, few-nerved ventrally, ie the serrulate beak less.than half the ju of the P longer than the scale. [C. mi iini rr ]—Dry M orar in neutral or calcareous BUE various pro- , N. C. to Okla., Man., and Que.—Late spr.-sum. rie D Mia cid Schk. Culm slender, 5-10 dm. tall, eae above: spikes oniliform, 6-16 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, ens ed a e : bra < p en jen incons icuous: perigynium 3.5 mm. long, e, gre in age straw- colored, appressed-ascending, the body thick, TO UE "eb on both sides, the hos k a. A long, strongly serrulate, exceeding the ovate, acute scale: achen E ovoid, 1.5 mm. long, nearly 1 mm. NEAL oil, various provinces, N. C. MN La., Ind., and Mass.—Spr en sum 35. C. brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie. Culm rather stout, 3-9 dm. tall, slightly roughish above: leaf-blades Map e: spikes 3-10, approx imate or or less separate, 7-14 mm. lon —9 wide, oblong or ede ra iode or clavate at the base: hace inconspicuous: perigynium at spreading or ascending, 2.5-3.5 mm. wide, with the serrulate beak a the “length of body, longer and wider than the scale: a ne suborbicular, 2.5 . long. [C. festu- cacea (Fl. SE. U. S.)]—Dry fields and open places in Nri or neutral soils, various provinces, Tenn. to Tex., N. M., B. C., and N. B.; rare S.—S 36. C. reniformis (Bailey) Small. Culm 3-9 dm. tall, roughened La leaf- a — 5 mm. wide: spikes 3-6, eres or i separate, 6-10 mm. lon ng, 5-8 suborbicular, eee da e base and apex, gr eee ‘bra cts in- R a: perigynium Du iun. very abruptly beaked, with 210 CYPERACEAE the serrulate beak 1.5-2 mm. long, about the length of du seale.—Moist soil, Coastal Plain and occasionally adj. provinces, S. C. to Tex. and Ark.—Spr. IX. PHYLLOSTACHYAE Tuckerm. Culm densely an weak, com- pressed, dilated below the spikes, mostly much exceeded by the leaves. Spikes 2-4, androgynous, the rachis zigzag, dilated; one spike terminal, the others basal on often much elongate peduncles; staminate portion with small tight scales united at base; pistillate portion loosely Sane iir. Pe the seales elongate and conspicuous. Perigynium gla- brous, 2-keeled, but otherwise nerveless, nearly a stipitate, the sides convex, the apex rounde Stigmas 3, short. Style jointed at the base with achene, soon withering. ene = T 4 A C. Willdenovii Schk. Culm very short up 2.5 dm. un pd serrulate: leaf-blades wid : sy * e LEN mn ONES, nee, ita St au OP NOLENS CUPIT ADI) Sj a Mm — Sie ; e, g spikes 1—5 Eg a er a the lowest E appearing -i basal Ls ri es with a 48 . long, les mm. thick, zi narrowed into a dona puse serrulate ‘be ak of about same le ength: scales acuminate or awned, the lowest common nly bract-like and foliaeeous.—Dry woods and prese in acid soils, v various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mich., and Mas Spr.-ea 38. C. = amesii Schw. Similar to the next preceding species in habit, but the culm very rough above, S leaf-blades rather narrower, soft, much surpassing the spikes: terminal stam nate portion of spikes very slender: body of peri- in diame a ract eak of more than it scales braet- pu oid us, the er sometimes not exceeding the perigynia.— Rieh woods, in eale us districts, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Okla., Ia., Mich. . Y. and N. J.—Spr. X. S Tuckerm. Densely tufted. Culm slender. Leaf- lades narrow. Spike solitary, linear, androgynous, bractless. Rachis straight, not dilated. Perigynium appressed, mem- elliptic, n nerved (not 2-ribbed), com- ressed triangular, beakless. Achene trian- gular. Style slender, flexuous, its base not enlarged. Stigmas 3, short. 39. C. leptalea Wahl. Culm very slender, smooth, 1.5-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades very nar- j j mm. l owest 0 acuminate to very obtuse and much shorter than the pee an [C. poly ee Muhl C. Harperi Fernald. ]—Aeid bogs ae Cot . 40. C. communis Bailey. Loosely cespitose: CYPERACEAE 211 and swampy i ig various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Colo. N Calif., Alas., Lab., and Newf.—Sum XI. MoNTANAE Fries. Culm slender, leafy at the base. Leaf-blades narrow, rough above. Terminal spike linear, normally staminate. Lateral ikes 1—5, small, pistillate, or sometimes androgynous, subglobose to oblong, closely few-many- flowered, alee and sessile or short-peduncled, or in some species basal and long- pedun led. Lowest braet squamiform or leaflet- like, dee or sub- nk ing. Se ales a i d acute to euspidate. Perigynium membranous, ascending, the body pubescent, at least at the base of the beak, ec to elliptic, triangular, 2-keeled, strongly BEES tate at the base, abruptly contracted into dric or terete, emarginate to deeply bidentate e" hyaline-tipped. ene nor- mally tria ar, t des eoneave, elosely enveloped, short-apieulate. Style gon jointed with apex of achene, thickis Stigmas normally 3, long culm 1.5-5 dm. tall, selene above: leaf- blades 2—4 mm. wide, shor than culm: staminate spike £18" mm. poe pistillate spikes 2—4, short-oblon ng, Meo ed, usu- d n id body un = \ and 1.2 mm. thick. pale, (ue E 1 o of its eae scales acuminate to obtuse, . nearly equalling. the perigynia.—Rocky wo dio various peewee N of Coastal Geer ae Minn., and N. S.—Late spr.— C. pennsylvanica Lam. St Bud I -stoloniferous: culm slender but wide: u i i i ith b ion, 1.5 mm thick, tipped with a bidentate beak much er Han the body: seales acute or cuspidate, ara or exceeding the perigynia.—Dry, often acid, soil, rious provinces, S. C. to Tenn., N. D., and N. B.—Spr. ucorum Willd. hd long stoloniferous: culm slender, 1-3 dm. tall: leaf- blades 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: pistillate spikes 2-3, suborbieular or short- oblong, 4—10-flowered, eon oou. api or short- -peduncled : perigynium with body obtusely triangular in cross-section, 1.5 mm. thick, tipped with a slender bidentate beak as long or longer than the body: scales acute to VR pr e exeeeding the EIU E: ry woodlands, acid soils, Blue Ridge more zeige Ducem N. C. to Wis. and Me. —Spr.—In our region ouis in the mountai 48. C. varia Muhl. Cespitose: eulm slender, n 0.5-5 dm. tall, rough above, usually exceeding leaves: leaf-blades 0.5-2. 5 mm. wide: staminate Spike 3— 14 mm. long, sessile or slightly peduncled, PR conspicuous: pistillate disi 1-4, the upper dU M the io separate, 4—12-flowered: perigyn sparingly short-pubescent, 3-3.5 mm. long, the body ellipsoid- ovoid, 1-1.5 m thick, the beak about helf length of bo ody, bidentate: sca s purplish- tinged, about equalling perigynia.—Dry soils, various provinces WO : , Man and N. S.—Spr. 212 CYPERACEAE 44. C. physorhyncha Liebm. Freely stoloniferous, the slender stolons often 8 em. long, very conspicuous: culm slender, 1.5-3.5 dm. tall, reddened and fibrillose at base, exceeding the leaves: leaf-blades 1.75—2.75 ae wide: lowest bract not sheathing, from much shorter es na exce eedin ng the infloresce nee: i i 2 mm. 1 uptly contracted into a sha allowly bidentate beak half its length. . va and S. C.— abru australis Bailey.]— "eed soil, Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex., Ark., (Men c.) —Spr ie su 45. C. pon Schw. Cespitose: culm 2— - em. tall, rough: bind * blades wide: staminate ‘ay sessile, 5-8 mm. long, usually 2—4 m | wide: pistillate spikes a 3, sessile, erect, conti fias or slightly separate, 4—7 mm. long, 3-5 m vide: SC nd about cla dp are of perigynia, ovate, m conspicuously pm argined: perigyn 3—4 . long, pube rulent, ; the beak 1 mm. long, Poor m d a ie in here soils, Coastal Plain and Dur provinees, Ala. , SE Mo., and Conn.—Spr. “C. idana Schw. p stoloniferous: culm from very short to 2 dm. l tall, roughened: leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wide: staminate spike inconspicuous, : sessile, 3-5 mm. lon ex A mm. wide: pistillate spikes 2, closely contiguous, i sessile, 4-8 mm. long, 2.5-4 mm. ibn scales shorter than the perigynia, little ‘or not at all darkmargined: perigynium 3.25 mm. long, puberulent, the bea 0.75 mm. long, nearly e —-Dry Nod. Coastal Plain and er adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Ga a.—Spr. TRIQUETRAE Carey. Cespitose, leafy Bc the base. Leaf-blades row, the sheaths not purplish-tinged. Terminal spike n staminate. Lateral s ean 2—4, approximate or UNE A or une radical, 5-30-flowered n few ranks, the peduncles included or exserted. Bracts vU t purp- lish. -tinged, p lowest with a well- ud blade. Pi stillate ete, 2i or hyaline, or reddish-brown-tinged. Perigynium membranaceous, ascending, obovoid, short-pubescent or hime rulent, triangular, tapering and E x base, abruptly contracted i the minute eak, the orifiee obliqu n po^ minutely fi ntate. l c nel Qu [e e b> o jamy Cgo] [eo] uri ge = iz E y ll veloped. Style very short, t thiekis 7 nae Wy Mf with the apex of the "de withering. |i WZ Stigmas 3, early deciduou f culm 2 5-3.5 dm. tall, Kn roughened above: leaf-blades 1.5—2.5 wide, canaliculate, often stiffly spreading, hispidulo ous at base: staminate spike 1-3 ong: p spikes 1-3, mtt suborbieular zi oblong, 5-18 mm. long, closely 3-20 flowered: scales half length of the 2 t He. perigynia, ovate, acu Oo S a euspidate: perigynium 4.5 mm. long, sharply triangular, the beak 0.5 mm. long, emarginate. [C. Chapmanit pee Not Steud.]—Dry ridges, in acid soils, Coastal Plain and ps d Fla. to Miss. and S. Uc aH. sum. stock short creeping: culm 1.5-4 dm slender, nat o eaf. blades 2-4.5 mm. wide, flat or nearly 80, ihe Neng CYPERACEAE 213 lower at least pubescent: staminate spike 1-2 cm. long: pistillate spikes 1—4, approximate or but little viui oblong, 6-20 mm. long, E = d flowered: scales less than half en of 3 mature perigynia, ova to short- cuspidate: perigynium 4.5-6 long, sharply triangular, po soft- villous towards the apex al Pus SO re the beak 0.5 mm. long, emarginate.— Sandy woods, in acid soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. C.—Spr.- early sum. XIII. PicrAE Kükenth. Culm lateral. Leaf-blades flat. Spike one, pis- tillate or staminate, linear-cylindrie, densely many-flowered, long-peduncled, the bract sometimes present or more often the culm with one to iiio colored bract-like sheaths towards the base. Scales i ciliate, short- “cusped. Perigynium appressed, narrowly obovoid, many-nerved, one stipitate, flattened- SAUEN short- pubescent, obtuse, beakless, thickish, closely enveloping achene. Achene triangular. St slender, long-exserted, little enlarged at base. Stigmas 3 49. C. picta Steud. Rootstock thick, creep- ing: culm 1-2.5 dm. tall, Maas fibrillose a e ades wide: staminate spikes 2-5 cm. go p "ilate d 4—6 cm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, brats, the scales ET -oblong, obtuse die cones aling the numerous is perigynis purplish- tinged: Did er Hin oblong- -obovoid, triangular, many-s , 4-5 . long, 1 wide, ee at the base and sti ipitate, d Fite to is pointed "but "ende apex up Plain near 2 uua La.; also Interior Low Plateaus, NW t to C and early sum.—Grows in circular colonies. Known only fro "Ren mb. widely rire stations. E local in dry woods and aa soils. i B XIV. DIGITATAE Fries. Culm slender, leafy at the base. Leaf-blades narrow, the sheaths usually strongly purplish. Terniinal spike linear, stami- nate. Lateral spikes 1-5, approximate, or separated or sometimes basal, oblong to linear, 5—20-flowered in few rows, the peduncles included or exserted. Bracts sheathing, more or less strongly purplish-tinged, PNE ARM the blade absent or rudimentary. Pistillate scales strongly gles or reddish-brown-tinged. Perigynium membranous, appressed, oblon obovoid, pubes nt to glabrate, triangular, achene. Stigmas 3, ee deciduo Baltzellii Chapm. Rootstock thick, x C. eeping: culm 1.5-3 dm. tall, ons smoo oth, fibrillose at base: leaf-bla des ee wide, ding the culm Fun spike 1.5—2.5 cm. long, long- veduacled, the pistillate ais one at the top and uiid at the base of the culm, long-peduncled, 1.5-3.5 em. long, 4-6 mm. wide: per 214 CYPERACEAE gynium 5-15, ascending, oblong- d triangular, see striate, 4-5 mm. long, thic k, tapering and stipitat at base, abruptly minutely beaked, "ie. ner the es ng-obovate, abrupt y mucronate, Pis ie purple- tinged scales.—Sandy ravines, Gadsden Fla. and S —Spr.—A very y well- marked species which has not been collected for many can XV. ALBAE Aschers. & Graebn. Slenderly long-stoloniferous. Culm very slender, obtusely triangular, leafy near the base. Le af- blađes of the Later fertile culm very narrow, involute. Terminal spike linear, staminate. spikes 2 or 3, (or 4), M or linear, loosely 4—8-flowered, all us pedicle linear or onion often overtopping the staminate one. racts sheathing, ng, subspathaeeous, bladeless, white-hyaline above. Scales white- Seale: Denm ish-tinged. Perigynium erect, obovoid, tri- angular, glabrous, nerved, taperin e base, abruptly minutely beaked, the orifice entire, hyaline. Achene triangular, closely enveloped, the sides concave. Style-base very short, bulbous- bey xd. a with the achene. Stigmas 3, long. 51. C. eburnea Boott. Culm 1-3.5 dm. tall, slender, smooth: leaf-blades 0.5 mm. wide: staminate spike 4-8 mm. long, sessile or nearly so: pistillate spikes 2—4 usually 2, 2— 6-flowered, exsert-peduneled, the upper over- topping the staminate : seales exceeded b ia, tuse or aeutish y p whitish, obt |^ € perigynium elliptie- P) membranous, 2 mm . lon ng, obseurely nerved, tapering at base, abruptly very short-beaked —Caleareous Mud talus- ey es, and ar various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Va. and T o Nebr., B. C, Mackenzie, and Newf.—Spr.-early sum.—In ou Para in ol haded situations. XVI. PANICEAE Tuckerm. Stoloniferous. Culm central, slender, leafy towards the base. Basal a brownish or purplish-tinge Terminal spike staminate, linear or linear-oblong. Lateral spikes 1-5 : pistillate, loosely to rather closely several-many-flowered, ew or several ranks, on erect, ex- serted or included peduncles. Bracts PAURA not ee or dark-aurieled, the blades developed. Scales purplish or reddish-brown-tinged. Perigynium ascending or spreading, ovoid or obovoid, membranous, obtusely triangular, slightly inflated, gla- pointed or beake y? orifice entire or nearly Achene Doos Style-base slender, jointed with achene. Stigmas 3. | - C. Meadii Dewey. Rootstock deep- d n pe culm phyllopodie, ish, or but little purplish tinged a at ‘the base: pd rae 2.5-7 wide: inate spi long,” € : the and a rough: pios. spikes 1-8, oblong or linear- poiius d -3.5 em. long, 5-7 mm. wide: scales ovate, obtuse to 'euspidate: perigynium obovoid, CYPERACEAE 215 3-5 mm. long, 1.75-2.5 mm. wide, strongly nerved, tapering to the base, abruptly minutely beaked.—Open places, meadows and prairies, in calcareous ues various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Sask., Mich., and W N. J.—Spr.—early su 53. C. biltmoreana Mackenzie. Rootstock stout, interwoven: culm strongly purplish-tinged at E 3—7 dm. tall, 3—4 mm. thick at the base, sphyllop odie: leaf-blades 3.5-5 mm. wide: diee sheaths 5-30 mm. lon ng: stam spike strongly rough- he a noeuds spikes 1—3, erect, rd. ae pius peduneled, 1.5—3.5 em. long, 1 or somewhat elo sely flowered above: seales ely ovate, obtuse to fae ME purplish-brown- v Se pe Weird obovoid, many-nerved, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, abruptly roun p. apex and minutely beaked or beakless, the e entire. [C. tetanica (Fl. SE. U. S.) not Schk.]—Rocky soil, Blue Ridge, N. C.—Spr. C. rapa Steud. Gavia pu clumps small, sending forth long dm horizontal stolons: culm 1-3 . high, not winged or se errulate: sterile shoots elongate: leaf-blades light-gr - m. inate spike short- ped si long: pistillate spikes 2—4, rather closely 8-18 flowered, a the lowermost widely separate, more or less strongly exsert-peduncled: bract- ine sparingly retrorsely serrulate at mou th: scales mucronate or cuspidate, ually markedly exceeded by the perigynia: perigynium obovoid-fusiform, obtusely triangular, 4.5 mm. long, Do; tapering into the conspicuous, aight or excurved beak. [C. fusiformis Chapm .]-—Hammocks and wood- uds Fla. "Sor. XVII. LAXIFLORAE Kunth. Cespitose. Fertile culm mostly lateral, the sterile shoots leafy, conspicuous. Basal sheaths brownish- or purplish-tinged. Terminal spike staminate, linear. Lateral spikes 2-5, pistillate or AT i to closely few-many-flowered, in few-several ranks, on erect to drooping, included or exserted, peduncles. Bracts sheathing, the sheaths green or pur- plish. tinged, the blades leaf-like or sometimes reduced. Scales green with hya- eri gynium asce g, me usually nerved, elosely enveloping the achene, labrous or hispi ii tapering at the base, short-beaked or beakless, the orifice entire. Achene triangular. sel -base slender, jointed with the achene. Stigmas 3. 55. C. austro- Duden Bailey. Culm 2-4.5 dm. tall, weak, nearly smooth: leaf-blades 3-6 mm. wide, thos d is sterile shoots 3—3.5 dm. long: spike long-peduncled, 1-2 em. [E pu^ spikes about 3, widely / E olera pe 2--6-flowe s scales orbicular, obtuse to cuspidat porigynium 1 po RAE p Uds hispidulous, finely many-nerved, 2.5-3.75 mm. long, tapering at the base and dune short-beaked.—Mountain gorges "Blue R Ridge and adj. provinces, S. C. to Tenn. and N. C.—Spr.—4A very rarely ‘collected td ee but a handsome plant. aTa Lam. Culm 2.5-6 dm. tall, erect or reclining, span m de 10-25 mm. wide, dos of the sterile shoots 1.5-3.5 dm. lon ng: | nate spike long- peduncled, 1-2 em. long: pistillate spikes 3-4, widely iR) 216 CYPERACEAE 4—12-flowered on erect peduncles: scales broadly ovate, acuminate or euspidate: perigynium ovoid- Dd Ma iud , minutely hispidulous, finely many-nerved, mm. long, taper abruptly beaked, the beak 1 mm. lon ( ANTAIN-LEAF FS EDGE.) —Wo odi: ands, in ealeareous distriets, apparently avoid- ing strongly magnesian rocks, various provinces, N. C. t o Ill, Sask., and N. B. —Spr. ab C. purpurifera Mackenzie. Culm 2-4 dm. high, iar Seni bred. in dry- vid spike long- ing, the angles te eae Pe 3- ^ e: peduncled, 2-3 em. long: pistillate spikes , the pus strongly exser obe cled, widely pua very emm poseen: at 15-flowered: scales ir the midvein excurrent as an awn: perigynium ue obosoid, 3 75-4. 25 . lon ng, many-nerved, tapering into the straight or hat rved sho eak.— omew PL Open dry rieh Miis i in calcareous soil, Fee. Valley, NM Camp- bell County, Tenn.—Sum 58. C. platyphylla ae Culm 1.5-3 dm. tall, slender, not winged, strongly. lateral, cinnamon-bro t base: sterile shoots mos d reduced hs tufts of leaves: i e T es “glaucous, 9-25 : stamin spike more or less peduncled, . long: pistillate spikes 2-4, widely, uen the lower short- burden 4-10- flowered: scales short-awned to acuminate, exceeded by perigynia: perigynium obovoid, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, finely many-nerved.—Dr wooded slopes, oan in loose shale, various provinces, N. C. to Ill, Mich., and Que.—Spr.-early s 9. C. abscondita Mackenzie. Culm 0.5-2 dm. tall, slender, smooth: leaf- blades 4-9 mm. wide: staminate spike 4—9 mm. long: pisti illate spikes 2 or 3, approximate d short-peduncled or lowest remote and long-peduneled, al loosely 3—10-flowered: scales ovate, half the length of bo pd eee to short a perigynium oblong-o i 2n Ud ong, des 1.5 m. e, many-nerved, Nis base E e ys vend [C. ipd Steud. C. laxiculmis floridana Bailey.|—-Woodlands, in acid soils, Coastal Plain and DAT adj. provinees, Fla. to La., Ind. Ne os and Mass.—Sum. 60. C. magnifolia ip ie. Culm smooth, rar. 1-2 dm. high, much shorter than the leaves: leaves glaucous; bla mm. wide, 1.5-3.5 long, numerous and Pen iiia lower Dc s Ser staminate spike sessile or nearly so, about 1 em. long: pistil pie spikes usually 3, erect, the lowest long-peduncled, nearly ae the upper two ard the stam nee con nti igu- ous, loosely E owered: scales ovate, obtuse or E an fs the pk. erigynia us pee tes fusiform, acutely trian long, the sides 2 mm. wide, finely many-nerved, the nearly a Pee long, with entire orifice Zi digitali Koen Chapm. ]—In shaded m coon lands, in acid soils, Fla. —Spr 61. C. digitalis ers Culm La dm. tall, slender, smooth: leaf-blades bright- green: staminate spike 1-2 cm. long: pistill ate spikes 2—4, widely separated, the upper short- ET ae ine 2 rene loosely 3-12 ca Seed. second bract usually exceeding the culm: scales Ac neeolate, rather ues than pe rigynia, acute to ds lr) Su e oid, 2.5—4 mm. long, the s ides 1.5 mm. wide, finely many- -nerved, tapering at the pera e and apex, short- — Woods Mn un in acid or neutral oils various provinces, Fla. to Tex., | Minn., and Me.—Spr. "early s sum. 62. C. laxiculmis Schw. Culm 1.5-6 dm. tall, weak, smooth: leaf-blades glau- cous-green: staminate spike 8-20 mm. ie pistillate spikes 2-4, widely sepa- CYPERACEAE 217 rated, the upper short-peduneled and erect, the lower drooping on filiform peduncles, rather loosely 5—10-flowered: secon nd bract usually shorter than culm scales ovate, shorter than perigynia, acute to cuspidate: perigynium oblo ong- obovoid, ae mm. long, the sides 1.75-2.25 mm. wide, finely many-nerved, taper- ing at base and very short-beaked at apex.—Woods and e in acid or neutral acs ere provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C. to Mo., Wis., and Me.—Spr. 63. C. albursina Sheldon. Culm 2-6 dm. tall, Po flattened in drying, narrowly winged, ue leaf-blades 7—30 m Mies staminate spike ses- sile or nearly so, 5-17 mm. lon ng the scales patie oe : pistillate spikes 2—4, linear, the upper clos ely A mate and scarcely Henn peduneled, the lower distant and slender- dun neled, peers 3—18- ru ered: seales strongly ‘scarious- margined: pe rigynium ascen ndin ng, Obr oid, 3-4 mm. , 2 mm. wide, finely —Wooded calcareous bluffs, various provinces N of " Coastal Plain, Va. m Tenn. to Mo., Minn., and Que.—Spr. 64. C. heterosperma Wahl. eerie ie id culm p 15-4 dm, tall, wide .5—4.5 em. long, 2- penes us Er iu Pu p ja short-cuspidate: perigynium nar- rowly obovoid, 3-4.2 . long. [C. a s Muhl.]—Dry woods, in aeid or neutral soils, 1 Blue Ridge "UN. C. to Tenn., aa various provinces, Va. to Mich. and Me. —In the mountains in our "ran ge. 65. C. laxiflora Lam. Loosely cespitose: arc 2-6 dm. tall, Md s and central: leaf-blades 7— 14 mm. wide, firm, the lcnger basal ones than 3 dm. long with sides strongly parallel: ee spike um long stalked, its scales on reddish-brown-tinged: p Od usually 2, linear-oblong, 1.5-5 c ong, 6-20-flowered: scales ovate, sh a slightly reddish- brown w perigynium obovoi id-fusiform ong. [C. striatula Michx.]|—-Dry woodlands, in acid dip Coastal Plein aie adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ind., and Conn. — Spr r.-early 66. C. styloflexa Buckley. Culm 2-8 dm. tall, slender, smooth, brownish at | ide. he base, loosely cespitose: leaf-blades 2.5-3.5 mm. wide e spike mostly long-stalk scales usually reddish-brown-tinged: pistillate spikes 1—4, 1-2 em. long, loosely 4—15-flowered, the lower droo on elongate filiform pedun- cles l D ute or cuspidate, reddish-brown-tinged: pe m 4-5 mm. long, 1.5-2 thick, divergent, d a at both ends.—Dry woodlands. and g; in acid MA Coastal Plais and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. Conn.—Spr.-early 67. C. crebriflora Wiegand. Loosely cespitose: culm 2-6 dm. tall, stoutish, nT winged, brownish at base, e. lateral and central: leaf- blades green, wide: staminate spike 1—2.5 cm. long, sessile or short-peduncled: pis- tillabe wis 2 or 3, closely 1 10 —20- uie ed, the lowermost strongly separate, and c3 E scales oblong-obovate, obtuse to cuspidate, half the length of the perigynia rigynium elliptie-obovoid, 3.5—4.5 mm. long, subcoriaceous, ee -nerved. —Wo dem in acid soils, Du ‘Plein, Fla. to La. and S. C.— pr. nervia Fernald. Culm 1.5-7 dm. tall, slender, becoming decum EE ps ae shoots vale developed: leaf-blades 3-10 mm. "wide, their sheaths 218 CYPERACEAE tight: bract-sheaths strongly diede an se serrulate at the mouth: ee spike sessile or nearly so: pistillate spikes , linear-oblong, 1-3 em. long, rather loosely 10-20-flowered, upper contiguots, e pde rA ee cale obtuse to acuminate, greenish: perigyn . long, obovoid- ‘elliptic, nerveless or nearly so, straight beakad. mac woes angled n a i j ils, Blue Ridge and more northern y I. to Mich., Newf., and N N. J.—Spr.—A pe distributed northern eee reach- ing our area ‘in the higher mountains o 69. C. blanda Dewey. Culm 1-6 dm. tall, s but Mie flattened in drying, iiu slightly winged above: leaf- blades E e wide, soft, the sheaths very loose with much crinkled margin spiko poem Or 'sho rt-pedun- dd or a even Tong: g-peduneled: pistillate s bu 2—5, oblong or linear-oblong, 5—3 em. long, 3. wide, closely 8—25-flowered, erect, ned contiguous or IE erf Mun scales oe the lower at least t strongly wned: peri- gm um obov e 3—4 mm. long.—Dry ‘woodlands, in calcareous or irn, soils, us provi ; Fla. to Tex., N. D., and Me.—Spr.-sum.—One of the most widely distributed and abundant Seca in the E U. 8. 70. C. gracilescens Steud. Culm 1.5-6 dm. tall, slender, ipd scarcely winged, serrulate above, not flattened in pice leaf-blades 3-7 m wide, their sheaths tight, with margins little erinkled: staminate spike ind. hes stalked : pistil- late spikes 2—4, linea shanty e, 7-30 mm. long, 3—4 mm. thick, loosely 7—20- er a : spicuous, strongly bent. [C. laxiflora (Fl. SE. Y cee not Lam. ]— ~The open parts of een mostly in neutral soils, 2. pun rarely uer Plain, Tenn. to Ark., Mich., and E Que.—Spr.- VIII. OLIGOCARPAE Carey. Culm slender, central, leafy. Leaf-blades flat. Basal sheaths brownish or purplish. Terminal spike staminate, linear. Lateral pass 2—4, pistillate, few—many-flowered in few-several ranks, erect, n more or less strongly exserted peduncles. Bracts sheathing, not colored or dark- ines the blades leaf-like. Scales ovate, pointed. erigynium ascending, ob- long-elliptie or obovoid, glabrous, subecori- aceous, finely many-striate, obtusely tri- lar in d tapering at base, constricted at apex, closely enveloping the achene, je or slightly beaked, the orifice entire. Achene triangular, ip jointed with the slender style. Stigmas E S LAS I: EET ECL FÉ. em T ETE x £ UID DU M TX 0L Dr mul 2 E RE ce ag? eS, 71. C. oligocarpa Schk. Culm 1-5 es tall, roughened, purplish-tinged at the bas : leaf- blades 2-4.5 mm iis the she ae ot his- n staminate pike 1-2.5 long, le | | ore or less pedu Bd. pistillate puces 2—4 erst, oe separated, loosely 2-8 flo Mud: Eis ics. n ney oun idate: perigyn ascendin .0—4 long, scarcely 2 wi e body obovoid, ripe triangular, ab- apt ine into a pm ioni 0.75 mm. long. —Slopes and rocky banks CYPERACEAE 219 in rich woods in calcareous regions, Mid TOV rarely Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ia., Mich., and Vt.—Spr.-early su RANULARES Bailey. Culm central, slender, leafy. Leaf-blades flat. Basal sheaths brownish. Terminal spike staminate, linear. Lateral spikes 2—4, pistillate, closely many-flowered, in several ranks, erect on more or less strongly exserted peduncles. Bracts sheathing, not colored or dark-aurieled, the blades leaf-like. Scales ovate, pointed, slightly ferruginous. Perigynium ascending, elliptic to ovoid, membranous, 4 glabrous, with many elevated nerves, subor- bicular in M loosely enveloping the ch rounded at the base, short tapering and utely eden the orifice entire or, sub- see ate Achene triangular, strongly X apiculate, Py with the slender style. Stigmas 3, shor 72. C. granularis Muhl. Culm 2-9 dm. tall, e leaf-blades 3-9 mm. wide: staminate pike 1-2.5 cm. TE pistillato spikes 2-5, distant or upper two contiguous, 0.5-3 ¢ long, 5-6 mm. wide, closely 10-20. NOE. scales exceeded by "the p ovate-lanceolate, acuminate or cuspidate: a m ium m ven oid or obovoid, suborbicular in cross-section, j e short beak.— , 2-2 thi ick, ab Moist 2 iy "in ‘alearenus regions, various provinces, Ga. to La., Minn., and Vt.—Spr. —early su 73. Crawei ius Culms in small clumps, 1-3 dm. tall, smooth or nearly "80: n blades 1.5-3 mm. wide, thick, spreadi ng, ae ed: staminate T 1-3 em. long: pietillate Di '2-4, widely separate, 1-3 em. long, 5-6 wide, closely 10—45-flowered: scales about half ns ‘length of the "peri gynia, ovate, acuminate or Te : perigynium oe id, ascending, ovoid, suborbicu- lar in cross-section, 3-3.5 mm. long, 1.25—2 thick, a dud contracted into the minute beak: achene muri d tipped —Molst T ocky ledges in calcareous Alb., regions, various provinces N of Coastal bim Tenn, T Kans., Wyo., me , Cape Breton Id., and N N. J.—Spr.- arly s 74. C. microdonta Torr. & Hook. Culms in small clumps, 1.5-6 dm. tall, epis or nearly so: leaf-blades 3-6 mm. wide, flat, spreading: staminate spike . long: pistillate spikes usu d 3, widely separate, 1-3.5 em. long, 5—7 mm. "thick, closely 10—45-flowered: ae shorter than the perigynia, ovate, acuminate or cuspidate: perigynium turgid, ascending, ovoid, suborbicular in dud bun n, T 5 mm. long, ribbed, moderately beaked, the orifice emargi- ac h ben tt ip.—Wet prairies, n dare areous regions, Coastal Plain a paren E Miss. to Tex. and Okla.—Spr. ISEAE Bai id Culm slender, leafy. Leat- blades flat. Basal minal spike strongly exserted peduncles. Bracts sheathing, not colored or dark-auricled, 220 CYPERACEAE the blades leaf-like. Scales ovate, pointed. Perigynium ascending, oblong, labrous, membranous or subcoriaceous, iinely many-striate, rounded at bo th ends, suborbicular in cross-section, beakless ' or nearly so, the orifice entire or emarginate. Achene triangular, apiculate, jointed with the style. Stigmas 3. 75. C. conoidea Schk. Culm 1-7 dm. tall, roughened: leaf-blades 2-4 mm. wide: stami- t long, usually long- peduncled: pisti illate spikes. 1-3, ls erect, peduncled, oblong, 0.5-2.5 - long, 4-5 mm. thick, rather closely 8—25- muud ed. a te, acuminate or rough-awned: perigy o thick, sukorbicular in cros n. : -seetion.—Mea P ows, mostly in neutral soils, oceasionally in Ws ; other types, Blue pude N. C., and various p Va. to Ia., Wis. . and Newf.—Spr.—early su 76. C. amphibola Steud. Culm 2-6 dm. tall, smooth or slightly d dca e staminate Man Ta peduncled: pistillate spikes 2—4, erect, 1—2.5 . long, 2.5—4 thick, eun ud flo Mia Dd separated, ‘the oe often nearly b "and n ong pedi m pedun scales ovate, : peri gynium firm, 3.5-4.5 m e ng, thick, cud but be ee “Dry i woodlands, in id soils, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and W N. J.— —BSpr.-early su 77. C. grisea Wahl. Culm 2-8 dm. tall, stoutish, slightly roughened above: staminate spike sessile or very short peduncled: pistillate spikes 3—5, 7—25 mm. long, 4-7 mm. thick, closely 4—15-flowered, widely separated, but the lower not nearly basal, the lower at least long- peduneled: scales ovate, cuspidate or awned : perigynium about 5 mm. long, 2 mm. thick, vai ng at apex, beak- less.—Rieh woods and thickets, in Eie or neutral soils, various pro- vinces, Ga. to Tex., Minn., and Me.—Spr.-early sum. 78. C. glaucodea Tuckerm. Culm 1-6 dm. tall, smooth: Pd e 3-10 mm wide, often rather rigid, the bi usually shorter than staminate spike 10-25 mm. long, sessile to strongly peduncled: pic ate spikes 3 1-4 em. long, 5 mm. thick, erect, widely separate, the lower slender ‘peduneled scales ovate, acute to awned: perigynium oblong- elliptic, 1.5-1.7 thie 2 beakless. — Fie lds and Se in clayey places, various inm N. Ark., Ill, and Ont.—Spr.-early sum. 9. C. flaccosperma Dewey. Strongly resembling C. glaucodea, but rather lens glaucous: culm 1.5-6 dm. tall, smooth: leaf-blades 4-18 mm. wide, thin, not rigid, the basal rather shorter ‘than e culm: staminate spike 10-25 mm. long, sessile » strongly peduneled: d spikes 2—5, 1—3.5 em. long, 4.5—6 . thick, erect, widely separated, the low r slender-peduncl ed: seales ovate, acute to awned, often reddish brown tinged: perigynium ovoid-elliptic, 2-2. 25 mm. thick, beakless.—Moist clayey places in fields and oe Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. C.—Spr.—early su XXI. GRACILLIMAE Carey. Culm slender, leafy. Leaf blades flat. Ter- minal spike gynaecandrous or sometimes staminate. Lateral spikes 2-4, elon- CYPERACEAE 221 gate, linear or cylindric, the lower at least slender-peduncled and drooping. wer bract at least usually strongly green-sheathing, rarely sheathless, the blades leaf-like. Perigynium oblong or ovoid, membranaceous, little or not at all inflated, 2-keeled and otherwise nerve- wx. less, or cures several-nerved, beakless or ` short-beaked, the orifice truncate or emar hie e triangular, p ede jointed n the style. Stigmas 3, short 09 oa 80. C. prasina Wahl. Culm 3-8 dm. tall, erect, slender, ou) De above: leaf- blades 2. 5-5 wide: minal spike strongly pedun dot bom partly p late: pistillate spi ikes 2—4, narrowly cylin e ort awne ve perigynium light-green, sharply triangular, 3-4 mm. long, 1. 51 mm. thick, nerve- rl nea 80.— (DROOPING-SEDGE.)—-Springy banks of shaded pu are soils, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ky., Mich., Que and Me.—Spr.-early sum. 81. C. oxylepis Torr. & pp Culm 2.5-8 dm. tall, erect, slender: terminal spike gynaecandrous, 1.5-3.5 em. lo oe pe pean _pistillat a 2—3, some- Ms a the lower usually more r less dro long, 3-4 . wi osely d cept at base) 15-40 -flo Ede p i» us elliptic: -lanceo- late, svar triangular, s an inflated, strongly a -nerved, rounde at ue E Rd minutely beaked, the orifice emarginat . gracillima U. S.) not Schw.]—Rich w oods, Coastal Plain med ‘occasionally adj. E. Fla. to Tex, SE Mo., Tenn., a nd Va. —BSpr.i E. Davisii Schw. & Torr. Culm 3-9 dm. tall, erect: leaf-blades es 82. pubescent: i epiko gyn pon 1.5-3.5 em. long, peduncled 20 tillate b sy r 3, 8 udi , the lower usually more or less "es ing, 2—4 em. long, 3-6 wi ide, pios 10—40-flowered: perigynium oblong- ps pis piu somewhat inflated, strongly several-nerved, rounded apex and abruptly minutely beaked, the o rifice bidentate.—Rieh alluvial aud d in ealeareous regions, various po ep rarely Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Tex., Minn. , Que., and Vt.—Spr.-early sum 83. C. aestivalis M. A. Curtis. Culm 3-6 dm. ie erect, piel roughened above, reddish at the base: leaf-blades 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, metimes slightly pubescent, the lower sheaths short-pubescent: an aal pu e gynaecandrous, the upper half pistillate, rather closely c ed: "pit a spikes usually 3, approximate or somewhat remote, 2-4 em. long, 2 thick, erect, nearly ee to long-peduncled, loosely honed: scales hale i the length of the peri- obtusish to cuspi idate: bes ee lanceolate- -elliptic, rather sharply tri- angular, smooth, 2.5-3 mm. long, the sides 1 mm. wide, tapering at both ends, not beaked.—Mt. woods, in n acd A Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, Ga. t o N. Y., N. H., an nd Mass.—Sum 84. C. misera Buckley. Culm 2.5-4.5 dm. € uad pubeseent, strongly reddish-purple at base: leaf-blades 1—1.5 mm. wide, sparsely pubescent: ter- 222 CYPERACEAE inal spike staminate, 1-2 cm. long, peduneled: alegre gee E or 3, ERO. separate, the lower long- es a 12-35 mm. long, 3 wi e, with 10—25 appressed- ee perigynia: scales oblong- -ovate, Ken half length A per igynia d ostly o is use, D. ver tinged: perigynium oblong- lanceolate, 4—4 ong, 1.25 mm. wide, obscurely triangular, lightly few- eta pode. ae n. tapering at base and o the orifice entire: P narrowly oblong-obovoid. [C. d Es SE. U. S.) not Willd.]— Mt. summits, in aeid soils, Blue Ridge, N. C XXII. SYLVATICAE Boott. Culm aphyllopodic, strongly purplish tinged at the base, tufted, slender, leafy. Leaf-blades flat. Terminal spike normally staminate. Lateral spikes 2—5, elongate, narrowly linear, slender- acsi | the lower drooping. Bracts green-sheathing, the blades leaf-like. Perigyniu appressed or Quid. lanceolate to ovoid, membranous, obsoletely . nerved, rather closely enveloping the achene, tapering to a well-developed conic beak, obliquely cut at orifice and stron ex hyaline-tipped, at length bidentate. Achene triangular, apiculate, jointe with the slender style. Stigmas 3 85. C.oblita Steud. Culm 2.5—6.5 dm. tall, ned "pt roughened above: leaf-blades wide: Rmi Spike ies add 1.5—4 cm. lon deni T 2 or 3, ui lower “distant, —5 ong, 3-5 mm. ; a ioo Ta flower ed, the a x | least modding the peduncles long, sl Xe h: scales ovate-lanceolate, js than "half the eee of the Deng CHE or obtuse: perigyniu long, 2-2.25 mm. wide, oblong-o obs pda d triangular, rU about 10- ribbed, ‘tapering at both ends, minut ely beaked, the orifice shallowly bidentate.—Moist sandy acid woods and thi iy oe Plai n and occasionally adj. provinces, nh to La., N. Y., and N. J.—Late spr. 86. C. venusta Dewey. Culm ps dm. tall, slender, little roughened above: leaf-blades 3-8 mm. wide: staminate spike slender-peduncled, 2.5—5 em. long: isti j j , 9—9 em. long, 3-5 mm. wi pistillate spikes 3 or 4, the lower e linear mm. wide, rather loosely flowered, the t least drooping on lon ng, slender, rough a scales oblong- jeu des iia n Pes len ngth of perigynia, obtuse to acuminate: perigyni 6-7.5 mm. long, 2 wide, oblong-lanceolate, flat- tened triangular, E nel, i tapering t "both ends, short beake d, the beak obliquely cut. e ow pine woods, in acid soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—Spr early s 87. C. allegheniensis Mackenz Culm 2.5-6 dm. tall, ia Slightly roughened above: sterile shoots aphyliopođie: leaf-blades 2-3 m ig green; staminate spike A 1.5-3 cm. long: pistillate spik pa rowly linear, 2.5—5 em. long, 3—4 mm. wide, "oon ing or weakly er on slender Laan bed lower distant: erem oblong- nd m keeled, the mid- n promine t to tip, c zb idate or awned, much shorter than the perigynia: Herb) ium 5 7 mm. long, strongly nerved, "with slender unequally cleft sharply bidentate beak.— —Dry w oodlands, in acid soils, Blue Ridge and adj. provinces, Ga. to Tenn., Pa., and Md —Spr. early sum CYPERACEAE 228 88. C. debilis Michx. Culm 2.5-12 dm. tall, slender, slightly rough above: sterile shoots Fear de fae blades 2-4 mm. wide, light-green: staminate sp ike md uncled, 1.5—5 ong: pistillate spikes 2—4, the lower distant, linear, 25- 6 em. long, 3-4 mm "e lower at least on long slender rough pe- a ag ‘scales cae % Pw 15 1 ength of perigynia, closely appressed, very wid e obtuse: perigynium subulate-lanceolate, flattened triangular. 1. . wide, gl Nn or rarely puberulent, RE the beak 1.5-2 mm. lon "m m stro ongly stipitate.—Dry woods and eopses, in acid or neutral soils, d., bu Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex: Ind., N. J., and Long Id., N. pr. 89. C. flexuosa Muhl. Culm 2-10 es bar vines. Rs oat above: sterile shoots p leaf-blades 2-4 wide: minate spike peduncled, 1.5-5 em. long: pistillate spikes 24 the ren orem linear or elongated linear, 2-8 em. long, 3—4 mm. wide, the lower at least on long ped rough : e r ly achene sri itate. [C. tenuis Ru dge E] —Dry woods and copses in | acid or np soils, Blue Ridge and more northern po ..C. to Wis. and Newf.—Spr.-ea rly sum.—In our area only in the mountains XXIII. Lonetrostres Kükenth. Culm phyllopodie, tufted, leafy towards the base. Leaf-blades flat. Terminal spike staminate. Lateral spikes —5, linear-oblong or oblong-cylindrie, peduneled, many-flowered in several rows. Braets green-sheathing, the blades devel- (8) . 1 LASS Noe membranous, globose-triangular, somewhat (yes ss 1 f inflate a a ntly beaked, the — eae h y tate, weak, secari ee Ed apiculate, the apice A. very abruptly bent, jointed with the slender style. Stigmas 3. 90. C. cherokeensis Schw. Rootstock stout: es se spikes 3—6, widely separate, the em P least on long peduncles, oblong-cylindric, 1.5—4.5 * em. long, 6—9 thick, elosely 10— Bo d uen seales somewhat shorter than the perigynia, “lanceolate a perigynium ovoid, obtusely triangular, 6 mm. long, 2.5 wide, contracted into a beak A the length of the body, scarious and oblique p apex -—Wet woodlands and swamps, Coastal Plain aa rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., SE Mo., and Ga.—Spr.—The basal leaf- sheaths are often chestnut-colored. XXIV. VIRESCENTES Kunth. Culms largely aphyllopodic, tufted, leafy towards the base. Leaves with at least the sheaths pubescent. Terminal spike gynaecandrous or staminate. ral spikes pistillate, closely many- flowered in several rows. Bracts estes or nearly so, at least the lower 224 CYPERACEAE leaflike. Scales cuspidate. Perigynium green, round-triangular in cross-sec- tion, membranous, from little to rather strongly inflated, several-nerved or ribbed, glabrous or hairy, rounded or pointed at d the orifice entire or nearly so. Achene triangular, pdt jointed with the short pu style. Stigmas 3. 91. Culm 1.5-6 dm. en on redden ed at base, rough 1.5-2 ery rt-pe eduncle erect or nearly so, o long- eylindrie, densely B. EVE ed, on long, 3-5 mm. ick: lowest bra t tw pecans spikes ie ee sioner dua the e perigynia, the lower cuspidate: perigynium void, triangular, 2-2.25 pert = ong, few. nerved, ? beakless, p orifice en [C. virescens (Fl. SE. U. S.) not x bry woods and thickets, in acid Or hd ies various provinees, N. rk., Wis., and N. S: — Sum. 92. C. virescens Muhl. Culm 4—10 dm. tall, erect, slender, strongly P at p bed bla a E mm. wide, the uppe ermost usua ally '2-3 dm. below spikes: S 2-5, lower M least lE dpi ereet or spr n ES linear- EN UR sow - 1—4 em. lon ng, 2.5—4 mm. thick: lowest bract somewhat exceeding spik cales Perg. han the um gynia, acuminate or dde: perigynium o -elliptic to poi oid, triangular, 2-2. m. ong, narrowed at each end, several ribbed, Pea at apex but beak- less, the orifice entire. [C. costellata Britton.|—Dry wooded e in acid soils, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. io Ky., Ind, and Me.— Sum. 93. C. complanata Torr. Culm 2-6 e Er erect, rather stiff, roughish above, strongly reddened at base: leaf-bla 1.5-3 mm. wide, stiff, spreading, oe or very nearly so, ps shea abe spikes 2-5, sessile or eas 0, approximate, oblong, densely-flowered, E d) 6-15 mm. long, 5-7 m thick: ica cuspidate, mostly shorter than é perigynia, scarious mar gin a p obovoid, flattened, brownish- pee appressed or ase ending, gla- s, 2 mm. long, more or less ne Ta dorsally, rounded at apex and beak- pe Ao pru eddish. [C. triceps Miehx.]—Dry pine woodlands, in acid soils, o Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and S N sT —Spr.—-early 94. C. hirsutella Mackenzie. Culm 2-9 an tall, beget slender, oo above, stron E reddened at base: up blades 1.5—4 m wide, flacci id, softly pu ubes- cent as are the sheaths: spikes 2—5, sessile or seen ye so, approximate, oblong Or anions D densely lowered the lateral 6-18 mm. long, 5-7 mm. thick: se e obtu short eu Dm mostly shorter than the perigynia, scarious margin Bede perigyaiun obovoi da E ttened, greenish, appressed or Rs. glabrous, 2—2.25 mm. long, st y several- turn dorsally, rounded at apex and beakless: onan “yellowis h. g^ hirsuta Muhl.]—Fields and vi open aude in calcareous eutral 2 dus provinees, Ala. and M to Mo., Mich., and Me eer te zu as CYPERACEAE 225 95. C. caroliniana Schw. Culm 2.5-8 dm. tall, d erect, roughish above, strongly reddened at base: leaf- blades 1.5-3 mm. wide, gla bro 1a the races - lon ng, 4 bese ikes se thick, densely-flowered, approximate: scales ovate, cota porigynium pointed at apex, the orifice entire or emarginate: achene bent at summit or tipped with bent style. [C. Smith cce s don: in non- bres regus oe various provinces, N. C. Tex. Ind, and N. J.—Spr early su 96. C. Bushii Pipe Culm 3-9 dm. tall, slender, erect, reddish at base: leaf-blades 1.5-3 mm. wide, short- ee especially below, as are the sheaths: spikes 2—3, sessile or Bu so, oblong or oblong-cylindric, 5-20 mm. long, 5-8 mm. thi ick, ensely many- owered, approximate: scales triangular lanceolate, apa strongly exceeding perigynia: perigynium 2.5-3.5 mm. long, 1.5-2 m thick, tapering to the blunt or slightly Cons icd a apex, the orifice entire or emarginate: style bent.—Dry open woodlands, arrens, and fields in caleareous distriets, ees Plain i Mii adj. provinees, Miss. to Tex., Ind., N. Y., and Mass.—Spr.-s XV. ANOMALAE Carey. Culm stout, leafy. Leaf-blades broad, flat, glabrous, not septate-nodulose. Terminal spike staminate, linear. Lateral spikes pistillate, linear-c icd -— elosely many-flowered in several rows. B acts | eaf- pa sheat Peri- e s nerved, tapering at the base, triangular, sient inflated, a. beaked, tho M ak iei shallowly bidentat Achen an- subapiculate, the Sedi short, ees d with achene. Stigmas 3. 97. C. scabrata Schw. Long stoloniferous: culm 2.5-9 dm. bar very roug above: onary 5-18 wide, elongate, very roug upper surface: eluted. 1.5—4 em. long: pistillate spikes 3-8, densely many flowered, narrowly ob- “ ] 1.2-6 c ng, thick, the upper erect, the lower distant and long peduncled: mad vr ex- diu. by perigynia, acute to cuspidate: pu brownish-gre 2.54 long, the body obovoid, 1.5-2 mm. wide, str d bine ed, pupillos abruptly a “beaked, the or ifice obliquely eut and hyaline.—Springy ban oods, e less caleareous distriets, but not in strongly acid districts, various Province N of Coastal Plain, S. C. to Tenn., Mich., and P. E. Id.— Late s XXVI. ATRATAE Kunth. Culm leafy below. Terminal spike staminate or gynaecandrous, the lateral 1-10, normally pistillate, from sessile, one and closely approximate, to long-peduncled, nodding, and distant. Bracts sheath- less or nearly so, dark-colored at the base, the blades short in s da tinged. Perigynium membranaceous, straw-eolored, often dark- need. “elliptic 15 226 CYPERACEAE to broadly obovoid, circular in cross-section to much-flattened, papillose to punetieulate, glabrous, abruptly short-beaked or beakless, the orifice entire or Achene triangular, the style slender, straight, often exserted, its base not arged. Stigmas 3. 98. C. Barrattii Schw. & Torr. Culm 3-9 dm. tall, slender, smooth, aphyllopodie and strongly e AS at base: leaf-blades 2—4 pale- or glaucous-green: staminate spike 25 ae long, long- peduncled (ofte pistillato vd. 2-4, "scc ud 1-5 long, 4.5-6 mm. thick, closely many- flowered: seis ovate, brownish-pu urple: peri- gynium 2.5-3 mm. long, ovoid or oval, faintly few-nerved, obscurely Poen bec ab- 7. il ruptly minutely beaked. [C. littoralis Sehw.] 7 € —Very acid swamps and bogs, Coastal Plain and rie adj. provinces, N. C. d Pa. and Conn.—Spr. s ie 4 ove Sinn "NOS PE M A" AN. m y 99. C. Buxbaumii Wahl. Culm 2.5-10 dm. tall, slender, rough above, aphyllo- podie and strongly filamentose Rn base: leaf -blades 1.5-4 mm. wide, eo green: spikes 2-7, oblong, 1—4 em. long, 8— mi mm, ae aee or low est distant, the terminal rarely en staminate: scales black or dark-brow with green midvein: perigynium very light- m elliptie Or B eue tri i lar bieonvex, 2.5-4 mm. long, mn e d M die i the orifice minutely 2-toothed. [C. fus (Fl. U. S.) n All.]—Open mps in calcareous districts, various proviness E ‘to Ans Colo., Calif., B. "C. and Greenl.—( Eurasia.)—Spring.-early s XXVII. SHORTIANAE Bailey. Culm leafy. Leaves a the blades flat. Spikes 4—5, the terminal o dens the lateral pistillate with a few staminate basal flowers, erect, cylindric, more or less peduncled, or many- ered. Bracts sheathless, the lower, leaf-like. Pistillate scales 3-nerved, mucronate. erigynium orbicular-obovate, MES a an M membranous, corru- gated, nerveless, margined, short-stipitate, es short-beaked, the orifice nearly en- tire. Achene triangular, jointed with the short de uus style. Stigmas 3, short 100. C. Shortiana Dewey. Rootstock short, thick: culm 3-9 dm. pae rough above: leaf- blades En. 4-8 mm., wide: spikes 3-7, gynaecandrous, linear cilindri densely many-flowered, 1-3.5 lon ng, 4—5 mm. thick, . erect, the low B yc and lo ong- pedu neled scales about e me perigynia, H sharp-pointed: perigynium orbicular or obo- vate, P 2-edged, 2.5-3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, slightly puro) nerveless but ridged at apex, abruptly minutely beaked, the orifice entire or nearly SO Moist meadows and thickets in calcareous dis- CYPERACEAE 227 triets, s eee rarely Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Okla., Ia., and Pa.— Spr.-early s XXVIII. aon Fries. Phyllopodic. Culm leafy below. Spikes two to seven, the upper 1-3 staminate, linear, the lower 2—4 pistillate, linear or oblong- ie eae very many-flowered, the lower at least long-peduncled and often more or less drooping: lowest bract from nearly equalling to exceed- ing the inflorescence, on sheathin me Scales sharp-pointed to long-awned. Perigynium coria submembrana- eous, firm, ied hispid gran- ular, nerveless, except for wo mar- ginal nerves, to strongly Eon scarcely inflated, minutely or short-beaked, the ori- entir lo ide rather closely enveloped, triangular, apicu- late, jointed with the style. Stigmas 3 slender. C. Joorii Bailey. Rootstock stout: la strongly phyllopodic, 4—10 dm. tall, stout, mu ur roughe iin above: e blades 3—10 long, glaucous-green nate J spike A peduneled: ‘pistillate spikes 5- ~s V4 pepe Ree) 15-50-flow 1.5-6 i lon . thick, little see an sessile or peduncled: € ab- aa awed, reddish -brown- -tinged: perigynium broadly obovoid, 4 mm. long, 3-3.5 m thick, abruptly ed the beak 14 the length of bo dy, nis orifice entire I S swamps, in humus-rich and sometimes acid soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and S. C.— Sum. 102. C. verrucosa Muhl. Culm 6-12 dm. tall, not E Wi a base, ded slender above, pid. leaf-blades somewhat laucou , 4-10 mm. wide: nate spike 3-6 long, usually solitary: pistillate spikes "3-6, oylindrie, strongly sepa N densely many-flowere m. long, 7-10 mm oe ses- sile or short-peduncled: cm broadly obovoid, 3-angled, 3-4. 5m m. long 2.0 mm. thick, very short-beaked, the orifice entir [C. macrokolea Steud. jew Pinclmd s swamps, in acid soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.— spr.-late s 103. glaucescens Ell Culm 5-12 dm. un wx filamentose at base, somewhat roughened above: leaf-blades glaue 3-5 mm. wide: staminate ike 2.5-6 em. long, peduncled: pistillate ae mu cylindric, strongly sep- short-beaked, the orifice entire —Pineland swamps, in acid soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. an —Sum XXIX. ACcUTAE Fries. Culm leafy below, aphyllopodie or phyllopodic. Terminal 1—several spikes staminate (rarely Po ide linear, the remain- ing pistillate, wah to cylindric or oblong, closely many- — sessile or eduncled. Bra A (rarely short- shes Ae, leafy or squamiform, biauriculate a pho darkened at the base. Perigynium membranaceous to 228 CYPERACEAE coriaceous, plano- or bi-eonvex, or turgid, elliptic to obovate, puncticulate, mar- gined, beakless or abruptly minutely beaked, the orifice entire to deeply biden- tate. Achene normally lentieular. Style slender, straight, sometimes exserted, its base not enlarged. tigmas nor- mally 2. 104. C. torta e Culm 2.5-9 dm tall: leaf-blades 3—4 mm. wide, light- green, lower ul ied filamen- se aminate spike ually one, peduncled: urat spikes 3- 6, 2-7.5 m. long, 2.5-4.5 p ‘linear, closely cae ewe Er metimes loosely so at base, e rect to den the lower slender- Bd neled: scales ovate-oblong, shorter than perigynia, obtuse or acutish: perigynium oe ovate, light- a nerveless, 2.5-3 m long.—Rocky banks E svittowing streams, various provinces, is dn iind Coastal Plat , N. C. to S Mo. nn., Que d N. S.—Spr.-early su only B phim growing popu the pauldens in or on the ea s of tor 105. C. strictior Dewey. Growing in beds, long- eiu culm 3.5-9 dm tall, slender, purplish- pee at base: leaf- blades 2.5-3.5 mm. wide, light- or glaucous-green, flat to the base, the ee ns very rough: Ten Penn filamen- tose, rounded and his Disi Bo ally: staminate spike strongly peduneled, 2— » em. long: pistillate spikes usually 3, d to long- b i d, approximate lower distant, 1.5-6 em. lon im 4-5 mm. wide, clos any-flo owered: eae bract little shorter than inflorescence: scales Satelit a CE iei - -edged, P granular, green, 2.25-2.75 mm. lon 28, 1.5 mm. wide, urn ui nerved a ee minutely beaked. [C. strict (Fl SE. U. 8.) n m.]—Swampy meadows, without ds pum prefer E Blue Ridge op more enun, dorm E “Ot o Tenn., Ia. , Que pr.-early —Does not have T Bus uu tei of the next following duc C. stricta Lam. Growing in large very dense oe culm 3-8 dm tall, slender to base, brownish or light- ead pun -brown the base: M in 5— . wide, deep-green, channeled and keeled Hebe the bas gins very rough: lower sheaths filamentose, subcarinate and sm ens us Rub. so dorsally: principal staminate spike 2—4 em. long: pistillate spikes 2 or 3, ea or short-peduncled, d Hd or the lower distant, 2-6 cm. long, 3-5 wide, closely many-flow red: lower braet usually much Shorter than the eee. scales reddish- ia ange: perigynium ovate, plano-convex, 2- edged, puncticulate, granular, dark-green, 2.25—2.75 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, obseurely nerved dorsally, beakle ess or nearly so.— Swampy meadows or woods, j e soils, va ie Spr.-ea um. and reed eoi cover di areas in the lowlands to the practical exclusion of other vegetation. The water stands in small pools between the tussocks, nd ee seg y be drained off, w y le the tussocks themselves enel v bro up e t prohibitive cost, o that lands where it occurs in qua are edo s e he le en ín m margined, and are d by stock; they are sometimes ad p ma CYPERACEAE 229 XXX. ÜRYPTOCARPAE Tuckerm. Stoloniferous. Culm aphyllopodie or phyllopodic. Terminal one or two spikes staminate, linear, the others pistil- late, linear or Nes closely many- or very many-flowered, the lower or a e in some species obtuse. Perigynium coriaceous or membranaeeous, plano- or bi-convex or turgid, elliptic to obovate, pune- , a d abruptly minutely beaked r beakless, the orifice entire or nearly so. | Ane Ie. rm constricted in the || middle. Style straight, slender, ep with |! achene, at length deciduous. Stigm i C. gynandra Schw. Culm 4-10 dm ened above: leaf-b A y staminate spikes 1-3, 2-6 cm. long: pistillate "m spikes 2-5, approximate, pedun cled, dro oop- in -10 em. long, 8-12 mm. wi with 3-ribbed center, brownish-tinged, as- cending: perigynium oblo Sd Sedis to ‘oval, ascending, compressed, 3-4 . long, 1.5-2 mm. thick, 2-edged but o (ee nerveless or nearly so, scarcely inflated, the walls thin but rather firm, abruptly minutely beaked: achene a cted in Ea oodland swamps, in acid or neutral soils, various provinces, N. C. to T enn. Wis, à and Newf.—Sum | 108. C. crinità Lam. Culm 4—12 dm. tall, reddened and filamentose at base, iie above; the basal PR Poe keeled: leaf-blades 3—10 wide: staminate spikes E —6 . long: pistillate spikes pu D. is a rooping or somewhat erect, peels ed, 2.5-10 em. long, 8-1 wide: scales b 1-3 Ee Vend brownish- -tinged, sprea a perigynium in flat ted, . long, 1.25- hiek, nerveless or faintly nerved, the walls thin, abr ae eae minutely be eu a—( TASSEL-SEDGE. coa d ti in woodlands, in acid or neutral soils, various provinces, N. o Tex., Minn., and N. S.—Sum. 109. C. Mitchelliana ae A. Curtis. Cespitose, sending forth horizontal iid lons: culm 5-9 dm. tall, smooth or nearly so, dull purplish-brown at. the bas the bud sheaths little or E at all filamentose: leaf-blades 2. staminate spike 2.5—4 cm. long: Lene spikes usu Mn 3, more or drin strongly T peduncled, drooping, 2 . long, 6-8 mm. wide: scales reddish- brown- tinged, 3-nerved, the E. audios strongly n awne uch exceeding the perigynia, the upper- a awned: perigynium oblong- ires flattened-bi- eonvex, 2.5-3 mm. lon .75 mm. wide, normally slende erly few- nerved, strongly papillae, RIT beaked: a cie ene normally not constricted in the middle.— Swampy woodlands, in acid sails, Coastal Plain, mostly near the ufa Fla. to Mass. E. —early sum. XXXI. HigTAE Tuckerm. Culm stout, leafy. Rootstock with long stolons. Leaves septate-nodulose. Spikes 3-10, the upper 1-5 staminate, slender, the others pistillate, many-flowered, erect. Bracts leaf- ie ee or exceeding the culm, often sheathing. Pistillate scales acu istate, ovate or lanceolate. Perigynium mostly ascending, coriaceous or huie iiis ovoid or oblong-ovoid, somewhat inflated, nearly orbieular in cross-section, 230 CYPERACEAE ed -nerved, often hairy, round-tapering at base, tapering into a bidentate _ chene apo often stipitate, the faces flat or deeply goose in culate, jointed the straight or slightly flexuous ens style. Stigmas 110. C. turgescens Torr. Culm 6-9 dm. tall, nearly flat: ate peduneled, 3.5-5 cm. long: pistillate ieee 2 or 3, widely separate, short-oblong, 2-3 em. long, 1.5-2.5 em. thick, 10—20- nv strongly peduncled: racts conspicuous scales half length of perigynia or less, iier aeute to euspidate: perigynium ovoid-lanceo- late, 3-3.5 mm. thick, coarsely many-nerved, yello wish- „green, tapering into the smooth or i be mm. —Wet pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Là. and N. C.—Spr.-sum. 111. C. Walteriana Bailey. Culm 2-8 dm. tall, slender, stout, roughish above, reddened and filamentose at base: staminate spikes 1-2, 5 em. long: pi tillate spikes 1-2, oblong-cylindric, 2-6 cm. long, 5-8 mm. thick, distant, AREIS or very short-peduncled, many-flowered: uel ue P pecie scales oe acute to short awned: perigynium ovoid, 4-6 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. thick, ascend- ing, coriaceous, glabrous or sparsely short- ean many iue the beak l5 length of the body, the teeth 0.5 mm. long. [C. striata Michx. C. poly- . morpha (Fl. SE. S:) not Muhl. ]—Open pineland swamps in acid soils, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Mass.—Spr.-early su 112. C. lanuginosa Miehx. Culm 3-10 dm. ps stoutish, E puso rough above, reddened PA piu at base: staminate spikes 1-2: pistil- - lc spikes 1-3, cylindri . long, 5-8 m m. thick, usually distant, sessile the lower slender- ect ed, 25-75- flowered: bracts conspicuous: scales TURPE AI nne aeuminate or awned: p broadly ovoid, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, 1.75—2 mm. wide, ascending or spreading, coriaceous, densely soft-hairy, many- dos euo d the teeth 0.5 mm. long. [Carex hirta (Fl. SE. U. S.) not L.]—Open swamps and wet meadows in ealeareous distriets, various ee. "N. C. to Tex., S Calif., B. C., and Que.—Sum XXII. PALUDOSAE Fries. Phyllopodie or a Rootstock with stout stolons. Culm leafy, the leaves often more or less glaucous. Staminate spikes 1-3, linear. Pistillate pod 2-6, cylindric or oblong, densely non ered, erect, ped acts ee to strongly sheathing, the lower leaf-li Scales cuspidate or aristate. Perigynium coriaceous, ovoid, suborbicular in cross-sec- tion, many-nerved or ribbed, abruptly beaked, the orifice emarginate to deeply bidentate. Achene triangular, continuous with the per- sistent style. Stigmas 3. 113. C. hyalinolepis Steud. Culm 5-10 dm. tall, stout, phyllopodie, smooth or ne arly CYPERACEAE 231 glaucous, the ur gue staminate n 2—4, 1-4 em. long: pistillate dd 0-1 2—4, cylindric, 1-7.5 em. long, 1 . thick, widely separate, short-pedun- cled, very m any flowe ap bracts cate scales ovate b lanceolate, acute to awned : perigynium narrowly ovoid, 6 mm. long, 2. o mm. thick, ascending, Tc glabrous, Ca ro the beak short, the pos e 5 mm. lon ng. [C. r (Fl. SE. U. 8.) n urtis. C. impressa (S. H. Wright) Mae- Kenzie} 5 Onen neutral swamps a ne swales, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., and S N. J.—Spr. XXXII COLLINSIAE Mackenzie. Cespitose. Culm leafy. Leaf-blades flat, septate-nodulose, deep-green. Terminal spike staminate, short, few-flow ered. Lateral spikes 3-4, androgynous, erect, the pistillate part hi ely 1-8- flowered, the sta ee part few-flowered. Bracts strongly sheathing, leaf- like. Seales short, whitish, pointed. Perigynium subulate, ea. spreading e ; e many-nerved, tapering to the long beak,.X, deeply obliquely eut and sharply bidentate, | N ? the slender awns abruptly reflexed. Achene! linear-obovoid, continuous with the slender flexuous style. Stigmas 3, short. 114. c. Collinsii Nutt. Culm 1.5-6 dm. tall, oo smooth: leaf-blades thin, soft, 2-5 wide: crag spike short- or long- pedoneed, T mm. long: o MU t, St scales lanceolate, T the length of the p gynia, short awned, duda ak igyniu ae subulate, 8-14 mm. long, 1-2 mm. thick, light- green, ead or reflexed at maturity, readily detached, nu diae g d smooth beak ER the length of body, the teeth one der 1.5-2 mm. long, strongly reflexed.—In the most wet sphagnum in deep shade in densely “wooded very acid ( alas ue cedar) swamps, Coastal Plain and rarely more N provinces, Ga. to R. I.—Sum XXXIV. FOLLICULATAE Mackenzie. Cespitose. Culm su men Minor da Leaf-blades flat, septate-nodu Ape yellowish-green. Terminal spike stam ateral spikes 3—4, pistilla androgynous, erect, 5—15-flowered. Bo E sheathing. Scales 3- MER SN Perigynium at length more or less spreading, yellowish-green at iA ! | many-nerved, subcoriaceous, sparingly in- flated, contraeted into the long ident ate RY H beak, the teeth scarcely spreading. Achene | N > = <| triangular, obovoid, continuous with the Yes P d p D EE ee ~ slender flexuous see. Stigmas 3, short. Ps V b^ TES 115. C. Smalliana Mackenzie. Culm 4— NAE tal, smooth or nearly so, som a aaa fibril-\\\Yi4 AA lose at Mes leaf- Bios 3.5-12 mm. wide: WAYA staminate spike short-peduncled, pr em. 273€ 7, long: pistillate spikes 1-3, widely separate, ze AN .0—2.5 em. long, 2-3 em. wide, 8-20-flowered, the upper short- and the lower long-pe- duncled: bracts leaf- like: pn ium 10- 14 mm. long, deep-green, or at matur- 232 CYPERACEAE ity yellowish-green, rni many- ben rounded at base, gradually tapering into the beak, the teeth 0.5-1 m [C. folii culata australis o ND Swamps and vet woods, in acid M "Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S Spr.-early su 116. x e L. Culm 3-12 dm. tall, smooth, fibrillose at base: leaf- eras 6-16 mm. wide: a d spike peduncle ed, 2 .0 em. long: pistillate , 1.5-2.5 em. long, 1. em. 5 the ee ’ short- and the low er long- media se gue “bracts leaf-like: perigynium 10- pe . long, yellowish-green, many-nerved, rounded at base, tapering into the r SEEN beak, the teeth 1 mm. long.—Sw oiu mod in piii M various provinces, N. C. and Tenn. to Mich. and Newf.—Late spr— XXXV. VESICARIAE Tuckerm. Culm mostly tall and stout, leafy below. Leaves not hairy, septate-nodulose. Spikes 2-10, the upper 1—5 staminate, the others normally pistillate, subglobose to linear- ipie edu elosely many- flowered, erect, short-peduncled, more or less r Bracts leaf-like, much Htec n e inflorescence, normally sheathless. pais iibro spread- ing, even reflexed, membranaceous, smooth, from little to much inflated, Bur eus in cross-section, coarsel many-ribbed or nerveless, contracted continuous with the usually tortuous tigmas 117. bó bullata Sehk. Culm 4-10 dm. tall, sharply triangular, rough above, veddtich: -pur ple-tinged and filamentose ide: pistillate spikes 1—3, widely separate, n ng- n 2-5 em. long, 12-15 wide, 20—40 flowered, apo bé dpa. or sessile: dels leaf-like: scales ovate, Y 1, eng of perigynia, aeute or obtusish: perigynium rd ovoid, 5-9 ong, 3 mm. thi ae do er pps green, strongly about 10 -nerved, abruptly peaked the "bea r less roughened, the slender p eth 0.5-1 m. long. modd mpy acid Er, Coastal "Plain and New England Coast, Ga. to Me. eb C. Elliottii Schw. & Torr. Culm 2.5-9 dm. tall, slender, somewhat rough- above: leaf-blades 1.5-5 mm. wide, yong the basal sheaths purplish: retary ate spike slender-peduncle d, 2—4 long: pistillate spikes 2-3, the upper approximate, the lower widely mind suborbieular, 12-18 mm. in diam- eter, 10-20-flowered: bracts vun ied api less than "half length of peri- gynia, ovate, obtusish or acute: perigynium ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. thick, strongly about 10-nerved, green, cu into the slightly serrulate or smooth strongly bidentate beak, 1.5-3 mm. long — i in acid soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Spr.-early su 119. C. lurida Wahl. Culm 1.5-10 dm. tall, little roughened above, purplish- red at base: leaf-blades 2-7 mm. wide: staminate Spike 1-7 em. long, short- or long- eund pistillate spikes 1—4, 1-7.5 em. long, very variable in size, densely many-flowered, va rying from sessile (the upper sometimes) to long- SATE (ihe lower): perigynium ovoid, 6-9 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide, CYPERACEAE 233 spreading-ascending, ee strongly about d Mae tapering de Nos long s "cd a or P sh beak, the teeth 0.5-1 mm. lon ng. [Car tricma (Fl U. S) n Muhl.]— —Swam py meadows pe nd woods, peret without any prudens ae soil preferences, various provinces, Fla. Min nn., and N. S.—(Mez.)—Sum.-early fall. 120. C. Baileyi Brit. Culm 2-7 dm. tall, ped to base, roughened above, strongly purplish-red at base: le d blades 2—4 m. wide: staminate spike 1.5-3 , peduncled: pis stillate spikes 1-4 c UE densely 20—40-flowered, Se or peduncled: perigynium ovoid, 5-7 Sen wide, squarrose, straw-col ut beak about length of body, the teeth 0.5 mm. long— Swampy meadows and bogs, Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, Tenn. to Va., Vt., and N. H.—Sum XXXVI. PSEUDO-CYPEREAE Tuckerm. Culm tall, generally stout, acutely angled, leafy below. Leaf-blades flat, septate-nodulose. Spikes 3-9, the upper 1-3 slender, staminate, the others normally pistillate, densely flowered, the upper approximate, the lower remote and strongly peduncled, often noddin Braets leaf-like, much exceeding the culm, mostly not sheathing. Pistillate scales aristate. Perigynium spreading or reflexed, membranous or stiff, tri- angular or circular in cross-section 8 pM NC RAN ERE : pinra NN m. long, alo osely many-ribbed, gre RCM Wi oO straw-color, smooth, stipitate, contracted Satity, ^ "n iq AP: f into a ridged, slender beak. Achene tri- k angular, continuous with the slender often flexuous style. Stigmas 3, short 121. C. comosa Boott. Cespitose and , not stoloniferous, the culm 5-15 dm NS Bes) stout, light- ‘brownish a K o rough- above: leaf-blades wide: is ii spike slen nder ped uncled, the -4, ify fi EN, HARA Ü it CU a asc) 2,75: es very rough-awned: perigynium rigid, greenis sh or brownish-tinged, reflexed ipu pupa 5-7 mm. long, many-ribbed, the beak smooth, the awns spread- ing, 1.5-2 mm. long.—(BOoTTLE-BRUSH SEDGE. )—Open swamps, in calcareous or neutral oie. various a Fla. to La. , Minn. and Que.; also Calif. to Wash. and Ida.—Sum 122. C. gether Dewey. Culm pe from creeping n 2.5-7.5 dm. tall, smooth: leaf-blades 5-10 mm. wide, yellow-gre staminate spike solitary, ander uci Dare > spikes 2- 9, n e appro aa. nar- dd n , 2.5-9 e ong, ick, many-flowered: epus es rough- : per igynium OV oid, 5 7m (n tp Ea r co hare! several ribbed, Mp boal 21 —Swamps and bogs, Mi a districts, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Mo., N Mich., and Vt.—Sum —An extre emely e species. VII. SQUARROSAE Carey. e or stoloniferous. Culm leafy. S blades flat, septate-nodulose. Terminal spike staminate or gynaecandrous. Lateral spikes 1-5, pistillate or gynaec androus, ovoid to oblong- enc. poe several-nerved, membranaceous, very abruptly truncately contracted into a 234 CYPERACEAE bidentate beak. Achene triangular, con- 1 : an m e e Nea: tinuous with the flexuous style. Stigmas isis. a 5 three, short. roA TAREE .123. C. Frankii Kunth. Culm a very leafy, 1-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades 3 -10 mm reme "m dus TIBET wide: staminate spike peduncled or nearly | sessile: pistillate spikes 3- 7, cylindrie, | erect, 1—4 ng, 8- thick, very [5 densely many-flowered, the lower slender | ii peduneled: scales linear , very Uu rough: perigynium squarrose, g , 4-5 i , 2-2.5 mm. thick, obeonie, with a depresse ed summit from which arises the m pe n beak. MN stenolepis Torr.]—Open mps and wet meadows, in calcareous districts, s. oui provinces ‘rarely “Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Mo., Il., W N. Y. and S Pa. — Sum 124. C. eda L. Culm 3-9 dm. tall, n rough above: leaf-blades elonga wide: spikes 1-3, usually ere erect, peduncled, exceedingly dense, the mis QUIC m 1-3 cm. lon ng, ius 22 m Ms ick, the uppermost conspicu- ously dd at base: perigyni squarrose r the lower Pus obovoid, 4—5 mm. long, 3 mm. thick, emu green, b or ng tawny, few-nerved, trun- cately contracted into the subulate minutely bidentate beak: achene ee oval, 3 mm. long, flat-sided, tapering into the stout per d flexuous style.—Swampy Ud. in acid soils, various provinces, N. C. Ark., Nebr., Mich., and —Sum. Que. 125. C. typhina Michx. Culm 3-9 = tall, ded d rough above: leaf- blades elongate, 3.5—10 mm. wide: spikes 1—6, usually 3, erect, peduncled, very dense, the pistillate tae ion 1.2—4.5 em. long, 8-16 mm. thick. often staminate at both ends: perigynium ascending or the lower spreading or reflexed, obovoid, e ak: achene obovoid, 2.5 mm. , the sides concave, tipped with the sle E style which is straight below. [C. typhinoides Sehw.]— iini SE woods, calcareous districts, various provinces, Ga. to L pes Que.— II. LUPULINAE Tuckerm. Culm stout and leafy. Leaf-blades flat, U XXXV strongly septate-nodulose. pper 1-3 spikes staminate, linear. Lateral spikes d" pistillate, or staminate at apex, nsely several-many-flowered. ^ Braets a or lowest more or less an ing. Perigynium large, 10-20 mm. long, green, ovoid, strongly ribbed or "nerved. membranaceous or subcoriaceous, taper- ing to the deeply bidentate beak. Achene triangular, continuous with the style. Stigmas 3, short 126. C. intumescens Rudge. Cespitose, . the eulm 3-10 dm. tall, slender, red- dish-purple at base; leaf-blades elon- gate, dull-green: staminate spike usually long-peduneled: pistillate spikes 1-3, ' CYPERACEAE . 2385 sessile or short-peduncled: perigynium spreading or upper ones erect, mm. long, 3.5-8 mm. thick, many-nerved, contracted into the subulate bidentate ms the teeth nearly erect. "er "Woods in acid soils, various provinces, o Tex., Man., and Newf.—Spr.—fall. 127. C. Asa-Grayi Bailey. oe the culm 3-10 dm. tall, are ens strongly reddish-purple at base: f-blades elongate, light-green: staminate spike usually long-peduncled: pista spikes 1—2, sessile or noe -peduneled perigynium spreading, 12-18 mm. long, 6-7 mm. thick, glabrous or his spidulous, many-nerved, contracted into fis subulate bidentate beak, the teeth oe spreading or erect.—Rich alluvial ion in ealeareous distriets, various pro inces, Ga. to Mo., Mich., and Que 128. C. louisianica Bailey. Culm 2-6 dm. tall, slender, smooth or nearly so: dpi pins solitary, long-peduneled: pistillate spikes 1-4, about 2-3. 5 em. long, 1.5-2.5 em. thick, the lower slender-peduneled: scales ovate - uo ne half length of. perigynia, sharp-pointed: perigynium ovoid, mm. 4—6 mm. thick, smooth, strongly-nerved, contracted into the oe ae e the teeth mostly s slightly spre ading.—Swampy woods, in acid soils, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., W Mo., Ind. and N. J—Sm m. 129. C. lupulina Muhl. Culm 3-12 dm. tall, stout, smooth: _Staminate spike shorter ae perigynia; Pn nium laneeolate-ovoid, 10-20 mm. long, 4— thiek, ma erved, contracted into the subulate bidentate beak, the teeth more or ie spreadin oe OP-SEDGE.)—Swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ia., Minn., Que., and N. B.—Sum. . gigantea Rudge. Culm 4-10 dm e NEC _leaf- blades 7-16 mm. —5, ped- uneled or the upper sessile, 2-8 em. long, 2.5-3 em. een ensely many-flow- red: scales lanceolate, pun "e length of rn acuminate or awned: perigynium lanceolate, much swollen at base, 12-18 mm. long, 4-6 mm. thick, many-nerved, d into the very long subulate beak, the teeth (e r less spreading.— Open swamps in a on Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ky., and Del.— The nin species included in Fl. SE. U. S. have been omitted be- cause no evidence has been found that they occur within our area: dr ed Muhl., C. hystricina Muhl., C. vestita Willd., **C. filiformis L’ (C. lasiocarpa Ehrh.), C. hirta L., C. gracillima Schw. 6. "n d C. Sartwellu Dewey, C. interior Baile ey, C. hormath odes Fernald (C. tenera authors); and the following AM been omitted o found only in territory covered by above mentioned Flora, but not by this: Carex planostachys Kunz ze, C. filifolia Nutt., **C. gravida “Bailey,” C. Brittoniana Bailey, C. hyalina Boott, C. Bicknelli Britton. 22. CYMOPHYLLUS Mackenzie. Perennial Da with short rootstocks and culms flattened in drying. Culms with four to six overlapping striate bla o sheaths and after flowering N one large blade-bearing leaf without sheath, ligule, or midrib, and with undulate margins appearing minutely serrulate. Spike one, SU NE androgynous, the flowers monoecious, 226 ARECACEAE solitary in the axils of the scales. Perianth none. Staminate flower of three stamens, the filaments filiform. Pistillate flower of a single pistil, with ovary, style, and three or very rarely four uide enveloped by a bladder-like perigyni Achene triangular. Racheola often ps veloped. | 1. C. Fraser ( 4 Mackenzie. Culm smocth, weak, 1.5—4.5 dm. tall: leaf-blade 1.5-6 dm. lo , than perigyni obtuse to acute: peri- ipa elliptic od milk-white, 5-6 mm. ng, mm. thick, thin, ne] lon nerved, d with a short. nearly trun eak. ie arex ierat — J—(UILyY- es SEDGE.)—Rich woods, Appalachian provinces, S. o Tenn., W. Va., and S Va.—Late spr.-sum.—The phylogenetic position of this un is ENS obscure. It has no near relatives OnpER ARECALES — AnECAL ORDER Shrubs or trees, typically with a single terminal bud, but the stem sometimes branching, the branches erect or diffuse. Leaves aggregated at the end of the stem: blades plaited, pinnate, or flabellate. Flowers per- fect, polygamous, or dioecious, on axillary compound spadices. Perianth of 6 fleshy members in 2 series. Androecium of 6, or 9-12 stamens. Gynoecium of 3 distinct or united carpels. Fruit drupaceous or baccate. Famity d. ARECACEAE — Patm FAMILY Stem, and branches, with a crown of leaves. Leaf-blades flabellate or A and plaited, or pinnate, the segments induplicate or reduplicate, long-petioled. Inflorescence at first included in a large braet (spathe), from which it ultimately protrudes, borne in the crown of leaves or on the stem below it, the usually copious branching of the spadix most > evident in fruit. Perianth white, yellowish, or greenish.—About 150- . genera and 1,200 species, most abundant in the tropies. . Leaves with pinnate blades, the divisions often separated, sometimes clustered. I. PINNATAE. Leaves with simple lob vu ge: ith partial mi and partly pinnately bed, thus pinnately flabellate. II. PINNATIPALMATAE. | Leaf-blades without midrib, palmately veined and lobed, | thus flabellate III. PALMATAE. I. rupe 3, united, or sometimes 1 or 2 = iene seed ort and thick, not grooved on one side: leaf-seg- | e um reduplicate. | ARECACEAE 237 Leaves with short bases: spadices protruding from the n of leaves: drupe orange-searlet or green Stamens a drupe Re with the style, or stigmas, terminal: see ow. 1. Cocos. rini ns precor : drup e lobular or 2- or 3-lobed, with the style, or € igmas, nearly basal: seed soli 2. PSEUDOPHOENIX. olid. Leaves with long sheathing bases clothing the upper art of the trunk: spadices borne on the trunk far v the crown of leaves: drupe violet-purple. 3. ROYSTONEA. Carpels 3, distinet: seed long and narrow, grooved on one side: leaf-segments induplicate. 4. PHOENIX. PINNATIPALMATAE Plants with subterranean or erect stems: leaf-blades fan- like, but with the midrib running up into the blade. 5. SABAL. IIT. PAL Leaves with unarmed sheaths : flowers perfect: cer val- vate: style present: drupe glabro Calyx and corolla united into a 6- lobed or truncate peri- Drupe with white flesh: endosperm even: spadix fruit. elongate in flower and 6. THRINAX. saad hie dark hung endosperm ruminate : spadix permanently very shor 7. COCCOTHRINAX. Calyx nd pues distinct and manifestly in 2 series. n s elongate: seed elongate. 8. SERENOA. Anthers didymous : seed depres 9. PAUROTIS. Leaves with armed sheaths: flowers polygamo- ii petals imbricate; styles wanting: drupe pubesc 10. RHAPIDOPHYLLUM. 1. COCOS L. Unarmed trees, except for some long needle-like structures mostly hidden in the leaf-sheath. Leaves spreading in all directions: blades pinnate. Spadix ultimately drooping, relatively short. Sepals and petals of the staminate flowers valvate, those of the pistillate flowers imbricate, much enlarged and persistent on the fruit. Drupe 3-angled, with a fibrous pericarp and a hard endocarp, the poA with a large cavity which contains a fluid.— single species, the following, now widely distributed in tropical regions. 1. C. nucifera L. Stately tree up to 30 tall, the pun often with a inu swollen inclined or Jec Ben e: leaf- blades 3-7 m. lo e qn bend ; ng: perian nth of 2 "S 5-10 dm. lon ate flower fully 1 em. long, that r p pes larger: drupe 5d or ovoid, 2-3 dm. long, " = a water h later pada ilky.— (COCONUT. COCO-PALM.) res un shore hammocks, pen. 2 and i Keys. of the Malayan or Indo- Paci e region.—( W. I., Mex., C. A., S. 0. W. p.) —The coconut-palm pro duces adds divis a frequent 3 pn nue flow- ers End several generations of fruits are bor e time. Approxi- mately nine Sa are pape ed to matur a Ma D du ave "been native on the Fla. Keys, but most of x quent un were planted or are the ee, Of planted tre Now grown Occ in Fla., “but o only to supply the demand for lore IRI purpose 238 ARECACEAE 2. PSEUDOPHOENIX H. Wendl. Unarmed trees, the trunk rather smooth and Micro rad banded. Leaves E blades pinnate: petioles eoneave througho adix spreading d anthesis, hos ate, with stiff- ho dins baise Petals valvate, persistent. Drupe dg ent globular or 2- or 3-lobed.—Only he following species Tuba 1. P. vinifera (Mart.) Becc. Tree up to 8 m. tall, the trunk often slightly fusiform: leaf- blades 1-1.5 m. long, the larger oe, 4—4. . lon le dm. long: perianth about wide: petals oblong to lags S cada Pd cd in age: drupe globular, lobed, 11-14 mm. long, orange ae [P Sar gent zi H. Wendl.]—(SaRGENT'S-PALM. BUCANEER- PALM. Hog CABBAGE-PALM. DATELET. DUMMY-DATE.)—Dry o upper Fla. Keys.—(W. I.)—Spr. —Plants slow-growing. Fou nd only on Sand’s Key, Elliott’s Key, and Long Key, as solitary specimens or few Docs eo The colony of Sa hundred individu als on Long Key, where this palm wa di Rc n Fla. nearly a half century ago, has ids destroyed by bis who have oed the | trees and sold them as royal-pal 3. ROYSTONEA O. F. Cook. Unarmed trees, the trunk gray, concrete- like, not conspicuously banded. Leaves spreading: blades pinnate: petiole nearly terete above. Spadix drooping, short, wit es. valvate, deciduous. Drupe sessile, not lobed, short.—About six species, natives of trop- ical America. 1. R. regia (H. B. K.) O. F. Cook. Stately tree up to 40 m. tall, the pale, smooth trunk often fusiform: Qu blades 2.5—3.5 m. long, the larger segments 7-9 dm. long: peri- anth of the staminate flowers 6-7 mm. long, that of the seco barely a as large: drupe oval or a MALE 12-1 ee violet-blue. oes regia m K. d O. F. ole.]— (RovA E M.)— w ha amok oy in the Everglades n Sable oo and Big Cypress, d pen. Fla.—(W. I.)—Spr.—Plants fast- idi ing. Now confined to limited areas in S Fla., the royal-palm once grew o the St. John's R. near Lake George. Apparently a vanishing type in Fla. The fruits which are mns in great masses were an aboriginal food. Much planted as an ornamental 4. PHOENIX L. Shrubs or trees, the stems rough but unarmed. Leaves in a dense crown, reeurved-spreading: petioles short: blades pinnate, the divi- sions numerous. Spadix erect, or ultimately drooping, arising from the leaf- axils, fastigiately branched. Flowers dioecious, the staminate ones larger than ARECACEAE 239 the pistillate. Calyx cup- like, shallowly 3-lobed, the lobes broad. Petals 3, much lo than the calyx. Stamens mostly 6: anthers narrow. Carpels 3, distinct. Berry terete, with a fleshy peri- carp, phi orange, brown, or black.—About a dozen species, mostly natives of tropical ia 1. P. dactylifera L. Stem stout, irregu- ea roughened by the persistent leat. agen ous, spreading, the r part of ie d spiny; divisions stiff, the la ones about the middle of the rachis, pale green: spadix Pis en drooping, much shorter than the leav petals of a. flowers ovate, een times longer alyx: 40 mm. long, Oe S oe mocks, coastal dunes, and about dwellings, S Fla.—Nat N Afr. and Arabia. — Spr. —A food- -plant of the first importance, Eun in der countries. Grown as an ornamental. 5. SABAL Adans. Unarmed shrubs, with horizontal or contorted root- stocks, or trees. Leaves upright or spreading: blades flabellate, glabrous. eadin men : pressed.—Spr.-sum.—PALMETTOS. ABBAGE-TREES.—A bout 18 species, natives of southeastern United States, the West Indies, and continental tropical America A flat, the segments not filiferous, the midrib short or only partiy E nto the blade, the ligule short and rounded or ovate: spadix erect or ascendin the inflorescence slender e more or less interrupted : anthers ovoid. (Subgenus sr L.) I. MINORES. Leaf-blades recurved and with the sides more or less folded along e stout midrib which extends nearly or quite through the blade except in S. Jamesiana, the se ments filiferous, the ligule lanceolate: spadix spreading or drooping, the inflores- cence thick, dense, and continuous: anthers ellipsoid. (Sub- genus INODES.) II. PALMETTONES. I. MINORES Stem (rootstock) subterranean: leaves in a crown arising from id. the ground: ee als ellipsoi 1. S. minor. Stem ereet: I in a crown terminating a stout trunk: petals suborbicula 2. S. Deeringiana. II. PALMETTONES Stem Meagan subterranean, short, S-shaped or more or less Spir I upe subglobose or depressed, mostly over 1.5 cm. in oo diam . S. Etonia. Stem Ri up to 20 tall E more: drupe subglobose, mostly less than 1 cm. in dia Leaf- blades ure ree stro ngly so, with the sides more or less strongly folded along the midrib; the segments stiff, longer nen the undivided part. of the blade, copiously ney filife . S. Palmetto. Leaf-blades straight, fiat, the segments limber, Se than . ndivided part of the blade, sparingly filifero 5. S. Jamesiana. 240 ARECACEAE 1. S. minor (Jaeq.) Pers. Rootstock ei dd or del curved: leaf-blades glaucous pale-green, the segments sparingly if all Aliferous, the midrib very short: spadix mo branched at long intervals, 1-2 m long, erect or ascending at maturity: petals n dia M " UE-STE or sometimes rocky, run along streams, cs pr .—More ane 2. S. MCN Small. Tree up to 8 m. tall: leaves spreading in all direc- tions, up to 3 m. long: blades a , deep- green, the oe oe the midrib extending i to à the length of ‘the blade: spadix elongate , EP to 5 ur ds | 8-9 mm. broad.—(DELTA-PALMETTO. PALMETTO-WITH-A-STEM.)—Flat a alluvial places, along the lower Mississippi Dou. and lakes, S La. | 3. S. Etonia Swingle. Rootstock S-shaped and more or less spiral: leaves erect or ascending, dee No re filiferous: spadix closely branched, 5-8 dm . long, often prostrate at n petals 3-3.5 mm. long: drupes 15—20 | : ds 10—18 broad. aca , ALMETTO. SCRUB pen. Fla.—The leaves ho usually less than half as large as those of the follow- ing speeies, as well as relatively shorter-petiole The bud is eaten like cab- bage. The stem is et imes so strongly spiral that the plant is known as CORKSCREW-PALM. 4. S. Palmetto (Walt.) Todd. Tree up to 20 m. tall: — spreading in all directions, 2-3 m. long; blades often wider aia long: spadix 1-2 m. ong: drupes lea aes . in pi seed E depressed, less than 8 mm. broad.—(CABB bo CABBAGE-PALMETT CABBAGE-PALM. —Prairies, mode. inelands, and hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to islands off the coast of N. C—(W. I.)—Almost ubiquito us in pen. Fla. where it grows not only in wet and dry T es, but in all kinds of soil and in fresh, sulphur, and salt waters. Rare on n the upper Florida Keys: abundant on som f the lower keys. The fruits were an aboriginal food. The Seminoles use S organizations as amulets. Within and near its range much planted as an orna- mental. The plant of the Everglade Keys has been described as Inodes Swartzii O. F. Cook, but does not appear i be distinct. The exact aa ue - the genus of S. Adansonii ? megacarpa as cited above, is uncerta It age. W n it is conspecific with S. Etonia or merely a juvenile condition of S. Palmetto. is Jamesiana Small. Tree up to 5 m. tall, the stout, often inclined trunk 1-3 m. tall, usually elothed with EUM persistent leaf-bases: leaves loosely spreading in all directions, mostly 2—4 m. long; blades longer than wide, mostly 1-1.5 mm. long, flat, the very numerous (70—100) segments much shorter than the undivided part of a Dd sparingly cate pug about 1 m. lon drupes depressed, abou n dia eed 7.5-8.5 mm. broad, no depressed.—High ee Everglade "Koye S pen. Fla. 3—4 mm. p with thick flesh. rE. goce Sarg.] ARECACEAE 241 AX L. Unarmed trees. Leaves with flabellate blades pale or akei? scurfy beneath, and smooth petioles; the leaf-segments rather stiff: spadix relatively long, often decidedly elongate, erect or ascending in an- dix thesis, the branches pn at intervals on a long spadix. Stamens mostly 6: filaments united at the base. Style concave or flat. Drupe ivory-white.— bout 12 species of E America.— THATCH-PALMS. EF-THATCHES. Flowers, and fruits, on slender pedicels: sepals and petals united mo an oor rey lobed or truncate cup: filaments subulate. . T. parviflora Flowers, and fruits, on stout disk-like pedicels : sepals em pens partly united, the lobes acute: filaments nearly triangular. 2. T. microcarpa. 1. T. parviflora Sw. Slender tree up to 9 m. tall: leaves with relatively short stiff petioles; blades T 9— bea e wide, yellowish-green above: pedicels ong: drupe LORIDA THATCH-PALM.)—-Hammocks and ici shores, pen. Fla. and the Keys.— (W. I.)—Spr.—First detected in Florida ra = o o treated and made cial house palms for PET eee. Plants a metimes referred t Cuban T. Wendlandiana seem to As dere 2, T. microcarpa Sarg. Stout tree up to 10 m. tall: leaves with long pliable petioles; blades 10 dm. wide or more, usually pale-green above: pedicels dd ) disks: drupe 3-6 mm. in diameter, with thin fle UMS RITTLE-THATCH. )—Pin lands, hammocks, and sandy shores, p Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.)—Sp The status of T.keyensis Sarg. (KEY-THATCH) is b ful. The assigned diag- Er a elongate spadices and large (5-6 mm.) fruits—together mock habitat, may, upon further ee prove it to be entitled to ner aes 7. COCCOTHRINAX Sarg. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaves with flabellate blades we or pale- fare beneath, and smooth petioles; the leaf- segments pliable and somewhat in Spadix relatively short, nodding, the: ae congested on a short spadix. MR mostly 9: filaments distinet or nearly Style funnelform. Drupe black o P UD black—About 10 species, West Yadian. 1. C. argentea (Lodd.) Sarg. Shrub or small tree up to 8 m. tall: leaf-blades 2-8 dm. broad, with the ligule 1-1.5 em. broad: spa ix d g: mature pedicels 1-2 ng: drupe 7—10 mm. th Thrinax oS Lodd. C. jucunda Sarg ]—(S1 ISCAYNE-PALM.)— ine- lands pude in hammocks, Everglade Keys and Cape Sable, Fla. pud ges Keys.—(W. I.)—Spr., or other seasons following forest fires.—C. Garberi 16 249. JA ARECACEAE ( iR s is à stunted form at the northern end of its natural range, r Mia The most graceful of our smaller palms. On the mainland e fined to the Cape Sable region, the Everglade Keys, and to the lower E d dunes where seeds have been carried by migratory birds. 8. SERENOA Hook. Armed shrubs or trees. Leaves RU or spread- ing: blades flabellate, cordate at the base: petioles armed with short recurve ed spines along their edges. Stamens unequal, those opposite the petals with the broader filaments. Drupe and seed ellipsoid or oval.—One speci 1. S. repens Cage Small, Shrub with simple or branched stems, or a tree the trunk 7 m. tall or less, or pei nie leaf-blades suborbieular, green or glau eh 3-8 dm. broad, cordat at the bri petioles frm Zl ines: petals 4—4. mm. long. [S. deerit ped * giook. o -PAL- METTO. )—Hammocks, pinelands, serub, sand- dunes, and savanna ahs, Coastal Plain, Fla, to La. and S. C.—Spr.—Thi s palm oce upies a larg? range of habitats. alo ong ps eastern eoast of Florida and 1n the serub, the foliage is eel o but i in other localities it is green. Plants vary greatly in size. The stem norma X ereeping and copiously rooted pd the under side. Sometimes, how- ever, single plants or colonies have oblique to erect stems rooted only at the base. el trary to the habit of most of our palms stems Es pag aed much-branched. the ae were an important aboriginal food. are used in medicine. a e m a source of tannic-acid ex- tract. The flowers are an important s of honey. The deep-red fibrous uds at the bases of the petioles are noticeable = when the bud is pulled apart. 9. PAUROTIS O. F. Cook. Armed shrubs or trees. Leaves spreading: blades flabellate: petioles with mostly upeurved spines. Spadix elongate, pro- jecting beyond the leaves, with separated branches. Stamens equal or essen- tially so, the filaments broad. Stigmas ter- minal. Drupe globular, glabrous. Seed de- pressed. [Acoeloraphe H. Wendl.]—One species. I Ps hib ois (Griseb.) Britton. Shrub with many stems, or a tree, the trunks rarely solitary or several, or very m y together, up to 12 m. tall or less: leaf. Dg half- orbieular orbieular, 5-10 dm. broad, sometimes Buc at the base, the segments slenderly oe lara with flat orange spines: petals abou m. long: drupe 8-10 m r —(SAW-CABBAGE-PALM. | CUBAN-PALM. uu and low savannahs, Big Cypress and S Everglades, Fla.—(W. I.)—Spr.—Di = ers from our other palms in the extensive underground stem-sys ae ‘which supports a colony of tall slender often closely placed erect branches. The pee of pap red ARACEAE 243 fruits are very a aa suggesting tongues of flame extending out from tne crown of leave PIDOPHYLLU M H. Wendl. & Drude. Armed shrubs. Leaves "m vum flabellate, silvery beneath, the lobes without marginal fibers: petioles rough-edged, with sheaths of interwoven spines and fibers. Spadix erect, slightly exserted from the imbrieate involucre. CAM. flowers about half as large as the pistillate. Stigmas s introrse, slightly curved. Drupe of a ed type, or 2-lobed or 3-lobed, hirsute. ay the following ies kno 1. R. Hys strix (Fraser) H. Wendl. Shrub with short erect or spreading stems, the rootstock proliferous: leaf-sheaths persistent, the fibers fine, the ri igid needle-like spines erect, mostly 14 dm long: leaf-blades 5-7 dm. in diameter, seurfy beneath: spadix stout, 1-2.5 dm. lon ng, densely A E ovate a orbicular anthers 2 mm. long, exserted, longer than the filaments: e ovoid or globular, 15-20 mm. in diameter, red, persistent.— -( NEEDLE-PALM. BLUE-PALMETTO. VEGETABLE- PORCUPINE.)—Swamps and hammocks, rarely on dry rocks, S Plain and rarely and S. C.— Spr. —Remarkable en for ‘its vin ans and short spadix. The spadix remain short that the fruits are mostly ane and held in the cluster of ig and needles. | Stolons from the caudex - T to maintain the species which otherwise would soon be reduced as a result of the scant propagation by seeds. Fre- quently planted. OrpER ARALES — ARAL ORDER Perennial, frequently bog or aquatie herbs; in Lemnaceae, mere float- ing thalloid bodies. Leaves mainly basal. Flowers complete or incom- plete, borne on a spadix accompanied by a spathe, or in Lemnaceae 1 or few in a pouch in the plant-body. Perianth inconspicuous or wanting. Fruit baccate or utricular. Plants terrestrial or aquatic, with ue flowers on a spadix, this sometimes D a by or partly enclosed in a spa Fam.1. ARAC iens reduced to small floating thalloid struetures, with one Fam. 2. LEMNACEAE. FawiLvx 1. | ARACEAE — Arum FAMILY Fleshy mostly acaulescent plants. Leaves with simple or divided blades. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious. Perianth. of 4 scale-like members, or wanting. Androecium of 4-10 stamens. Gynoe- 244 ARACEAE eium of 1 carpel, or of several united carpels. Fruit a pii or a utricle. —About 100 genera and 900 species, mostly in tropical regions Rooted per plants: pistillate flowers several or many. Fl erfect: perianth of several scale-like parts. x borne t Jaterally on the leaf-like sc ae arsh-plan Tribe I. ACOREAE. Spadix terminating the clavate or cylindric fleshy quatic plants. Tribe II. ORONTIEAE. Flowers monoeciou us or dioecious: perianth wanting. Le ds des entire: axis of the spadix completely red with flowers Tribe III. PELTANDREAE. Leaf- blades 3-many-divided : axis of the spadix ved a Tribe IV. AREAE Floating uc antis pistillate flower solitary. ribe V. PISTIEAE. I. ACOREAE s plants e ensiform leaves: E a mere flat prolonga- on of the s -1. ACORUS. II. ORONTIEAE Spadix naked, merely subtended by a deciduous spathe, narrowly eonic, yellow. 2. ORONTIUM. Spadix surrounded by a fleshy persistent spathe, globular, green. 3. SPATHYEMA. TANDR III. AE Scapose herbs with sagittate or hastate I due spathe green or with a white blade. 4. PELTANDRA. IV. AREAE o ud palmately divided: D convolute below, with a dilat Duce ood above: spadix include D. ARISAEMA. Leaf-bl ped pedately md spathe eonvolute throughout or slightly dilated at the tip: spadix with a long-exserted lender tip 6. MURICAUDA. /. PISTIEAE Floating plants: leaves imbricated on a Short caudex: spadix ad- nate to the spathe. 7. PISTIA. 1. ACORUS L. Herbs with aromatic rootstocks. Leaves with narrowly linear blades. Spadix lateral, o ate, at the base of us linear spathe. Flowers perfect. Perianth of sige | narrow cones members: oe didy- cro Two spe- cies, one additional to the following in Japan. A. Calamus L. Rootstoek horizontal: lea 5-20 . tall, aed pli scape dieci the 2n spathe erect: spadix ong.— : FLAG- oon )—Low rounds, meadows, an marshes, en provine p Fla. to Tex. Ida. On W.)—Spr.- sum. — Both plants and habit of growth resemble irises. ARACEAE 245 ORONTIUM L. Aquatic herbs. Leaves with relatively narrow blades. sd terminal, elongate, subtended by the thin spathe, the scape elongate, pliable, soon weak, and prostrate. Flowers didymous. Ovary much-depressed. Fruits not immersed.—One species. 1. O.aquaticum L. Rootstock deeply buried mend uen 2-10 em. long.—(GOLDEN-CLUB. tiri i WATER-DOCK. | NEVER-WET. FIRE-LEAF.)—Swamps, ponds, or d various T Fla. to La., Tenn., and Mass.—Spr.—The bluish- T pos irides- cent leaves shed water the baek of a duck. The bluish- d oo and the golden spadices are a combination quite unique in our flora 3. SPATHYEMA. Raf. Coarse herbs. Leaves with cordate blades, the petioles, and the scapes, partially underground. Spadix ellipsoid or globular, enclosed in the thic k c ochleate, colored an Anthers reniform. Gynoecium conic. Fruits immersed in the subglobose spa- dix.—One species. 1. S. foetida (L.) R Plants dud : scented, glabrous: s blades 2-5 dm " long, ofte n 3 dm. broad: sepals ereet, o ainly su anea athe seated o jr È = Cir ot EC es ws ruit-head persistent, 9-15 em. in diam- eter, the berries pc [Symplo bd foetidus Salisb. ]J— (MIDAS "-EARS. PARSON-IN-THE-PIL SKUNK-CABBA MP-CABBAGE.)—Swamps and low — aa. T Ga. mes Fly 1s Mo., Minn. and N. 5.— Wint.-spr. 4, PELTANDRA Raf. Tufted herbs with rootstocks. Leaf-blades of a hastate or sagittate type. Scapes recurved at maturity or permanently erect. Flowers monoecious. Spadix completely covered with flowers. Sta- mens 6-10. Spathe green or white. Fruits green or red.—Spr.-sum .—Com- prises only the two following species.—ARROW-ARUMS. Spathe convolute throughout, narrow, green: fruits green. 1. P. pet eines Spathe dilated and spreading above, mainly white: fruits crimson. 2. P. glauc prominent lateral ribs: spathes ong, the edges erisped : spadix in- a ~ pistillate, 94 B a ecu at maturity: m GREEN-ARUM.)—Swamps and sh allow water, various provinces, Fla. to La., Ont., and N. 8. P. glauca (Ell) Feay. id Poner es p l5 staminate: scapes permanently erect or dE fruits i less than 10 1 thie [P. alba Raf. P. sagitti- folia Y Mieke) o not Raf. Xantho- oma sagittifolium Chapm.]—( WHITE- M). — Nona lluvial swamps, usually in acid soil, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala. and N. C. (or Va.?). 5. ARISAEMA Mart. Herbs with corms. Leaf-blades palmate, 3—5- divided. Scape permanently erect. Spadix clavate or cylindric, the fertile portion ead flower-bearin Spathe cornucopia-like. Fruits red.—5pr.-sum —About 50 species, mostly EUM of Asia.—JACK-IN-THE-PULPITS. INDIAN- TURNIPS.—The corms of the plants of this genus contain an extremely acrid juice, as well as raphides of calcium oxalate. The combination produces a violent burning sensation if an attempt is made to s an raw. Leaf-segments 3 (the lateral ones rarely 2-lobed) : spathe acute-acuminate: spadix E e oon -acuminate or acute; blade dark-colored or striped. Hood of the spathe uniformly ‘colored within, black, dud Bron or rarely green: 246 ARACEAE 1. P. virginica (L.) Kunth. Eres Pn hi pre. or hastate, with several nu portion of the spadix cylindric: fruits 4-6 m in eter 1. A. pusillum. Hood of he spathe nm Ans within, light- iade and brown, or dark- naked portion of the.spadix clavate: fruits ET mm. fi diameter. 2. ÁA. = E. athe andate acuminate ; blade usually 3. A. vinatu pathe abruptly pointed : spadix curved. 4. A. quinatum. 1. A. pusillum (Peck) Nash. Plan uc egments 5 (the lateral ones Sometimes ere united) : mostly less than 3 dm. tall: leaf- E y. N. Y.—Blooms 2—3 weeks later than ee next ‘following species. 2. triphyllum (L.) Torr. Plants ae over 4 dm. tall: leaf-segments 8-30 em. long; blades ~ rather ab- ruptly short-acuminate: athe-blade short-acuminate, pale-green, often striped ARACEAE 247 with purple, brown or dark-green within: fruits 8-12 mm. thick.—Swamps, moist hillsides, and thiekets, various provinees, Fla. to La., Kans., Minn, nd N. S. 3. A. acuminatum Small. Plants more slender than A. triphyllum: leaf-seg- ments 7-12 cem. long: spathe-blade long-aeuminate, deeper-green than the eonvolute portion: fruits 8-9 mm. thiek.—(PARSON-IN-THE-PULPIT.) —W oods, often swampy, N Fla.—Forms with the spathe-blade moderately long-acuminate occur in the Coastal Plain as far up as SE Va., and may represent this species. 4. A. quinatum (Nutt.) Schott. Plants about as large as A. Oh ae esi leaf- segments 5, the lateral pairs sometimes partly or os ag nited, glaucous be- neath: spathe green: spadix slender: fruits 6-7 mm. [psc JOHN.)—Woods and moist rich soil, various DM. Ga. to Tenn and N. C. CAUDA Small. Herbs with glastered corms: leaf-blades ae ately 5-17 divided. | Sea per nently erect. Spadix whip- like, the a tile a covered with flowers. Sta- 4. Spathe wholly convolute or lightly dilated at the tip. Fru —One spec M. Dracontium (L.) Small Leaf- e te to segments cunea oblaneeolate, 1-3 dm. 1 spathe green, 3-10 e 8m ick, © [4 ~ Dracon- RE DRAGON- —Rich woods and T various provi Ont. "and Me.—Spr. 7. PISTIA L. Floating herbs. Leaves elustered on very short branehes at the nodes of the rootstock: blades en- tire, dilated upward. Spadix adnate to the axillary spathe. Flowers monoecious, the pistillate solitary, the staminate above the pistillate. Perianth wanting.—One species. . Stratiotes L. ee in 2 nea at ER-L ; WATER-BONNETS.)—Streams, lakes, and ponds, Coastal Plain, c to Tex.—(W. I. Mex., C. A, S. 4A, 0. W.)— Frequently forming a complete, often extensive gray- green carpet. The hairy | ribbed myriad leaf- urge produce a n iridescent effect. Contrary to the usual ite n the size in species of d the plants of water lettuce are extremely variable. The Meses us very spongy. 248 LEMNACEAE A yara of e Be em TARO) —is ae = s edible in rida eaped to marshes and roadsides places. E^ is ees aed leaf. blades Faminy 2. LEMNACEAE — Duckweep FAMILY Floating iid E chiefly of very small, often minute, fleshy Ages. sometimes with 1 or several roots. Propagative pouches 1 or 2 in each bs y. Fie ce monoecious, one or two staminate and one pistillate in in ti en Staminate flowers consist of 1 stamen. Pistillate enm consist of 1 el. Fruit a utricle—Four genera and 2 species, widely distributed E the smallest of the flowering plants. Plant-body not disk-like, rootless : propagative pouch solitary. Tribe I. WOLFFIEAE. Plant-body disk-like, with a single root or a cluster of roots propagative pouches 2. ribe II. LEMNEAE. I. WOLFFIEAE d Plant-body very thick or globos 1. BRUNERIA. Plant-body thin, tongue-like or A EE N 2. WOLFFIELLA. II. LEMNEAE Plant-body inconspicuously nerved: root scree without fibro- vascular bundle, 3. LEMNA. Plant-body con spicuously nerved: roots 2-several, each with a fibrovascular bundle. 4, SPIRODELA. 1. BRUNERIA Franch. Plant- peg wo» denim or oa Pro: pagative pouch funnelform. Spadix 1 pistillate flow bursting through the upper surface M "n 202 rs asd Several species, most abundant in tropical and subtropical regions.—Mup- Plant-body smooth, somewhat flattened above, gibbous beneath, brown-punctate. 1. B. punctata. du oed ellipsoid or globose, with 2-3 papules on dorsal sur- e, not pune 2. B. columbiana. 1. B. punctata (Griseb.) Nieuw. Plant- hody boat- ai indi to ovoid-ellipsoid, o 9 0.58—0.82 flat or nearly so duni gr aay ising a t the apex: tis- o u o on the Coastal Plain and occasionally other provinees, Fla. io Tex. and Ont B. columbiana (Kar st.) Nieuw. Plant we globose to ellipsoid, 0.48-1 m. long, the upper surface convex, with ipe Stomata: tissue of uniform uo cells. [W. columbiana Karst.]—Floating be- neath the surface of stagnant water, various provinces, Fla. to La., Minn., Ont., and Mass LEMNACEAE 240 LFFIELL A Hegelmaier. E. -body thin, dui shaped or sabre- orm. Pro dx gative iw cea Inflorescence and fru unkno About 7 en mostly H e dis tribution. 1. W. ge ana (J. D. Smith) C. Thompso Plants solit itary or usually several pole tok cohering; body ` at- tenuate from the base to the slender apex, 0 mm Stagna: ant Dn hs ‘Plain and adj. and N. provinces, Fla. ex. Mo. J. 3. LEMNA L. Plant-body disk-like, d nerved. Anther- sacs opening transversely. Utricle somewhat flattened, often ribbed.— out 8 species, Mind distributed in tropical e temperate regions Wen EDS. PFROG-BUTT Plant-bodies long-stipitate, forming large submerged masses. 1. L.trisulca. Pla Eo sessile, or short-stipitate, floating, more or less de- Plant-body symmetrical or nearly s ant-body elliptic-obovate : Teac lenticular. 2. L.m Plant body e d oblong: utricle elongate. 3. L. mind: Plan nt-body-thiek, panum obovate, papillose on the me- 4. L. perpusilla. Plant-body thi in, elliptic, smooth. Pla eek e a 3-nerved : root-sheath with lateral 5. L. trinervis. Pintbod O 1-nerved: root-sheath without ap- ages. 6. L. cyclostasa. lca L. Root-sheath acute: plant- "bodies both ooo and aerial, often falcate, 5-10 mm. long, acute: aerial p smaller than ‘the submerged a submerge spring-runs, various provinces, Ala. to Calif., Alas., Ont., and N. S.—(0. W.) 2. L. L. Root-sheath - m plant- bodies elliptic, obovate, orbicular, 2—4 mm. long, m mostly oer ee. commonly keeled on p back and papil- lose on the midrib: seeds 12—165-ribbed. .—Ponds and "redii. water, various provinces, Fla. to Calif., B. C., and Ont. d —(0. W.) 3. I. minima Philippi. Root-sheath obtuse: sigue body oblong or elliptic, 1.5— 3.9 mm. long, rounded at the apex, sometimes slightly oblique, nearly nerveless, 250 MAYACACEAE convex above: seeds On 16-ribbed.—Pools, various provinces, Fla. and Ga. to Calif. and Wyo 4. L. diac Eu Root-sheath acute: plant-body obovate, usually ob- liquely s . long, obtuse, often papillose along the midrib and with a larger prend papilla: utriele tipped with the eecentrie style. "ud nds and Egan streams, various provinces, Fla. to Kans., N. D., and Mas 5. L. trinervis (Austin) Small. Root-sheath with lateral appendages: plant body PORE or ape so, a little convex abov e, flat beneath, abruptly narrowed to the blunt apex, smooth: utricle tipped with the terminal style.—Stil water, various hae a a to Kans. and N. J. 6. L. cyclostasa Y rua Root- s without appendages: duod peu oblong or nearly so, 2.8—4.5 mm. long, obtuse, often somewhat faleate, metrieal at the m d D l-nerv ed. [L. valdiviana Philip pi] Pools, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and Mass.—(Mez., S. A.) 4, SPIRODELA Schleid. Plant- body disk-like, conspicuously several- nerved. Anther- -sacs opening lengthwise. Utricle lenticular, with winged mar- gins.—Three species, 2 in America, the other in S Asia and Australia. 1. S. polyrhiza (L.) gn Plants mori RENN O sterile and perennial: ro pla DA body obovate or suborbieular, J a 8 mm. Sfp WN: long, 5—15-nerved: seeds e oth.— —(Dvox- EH n a Minwow-FOLE.)—Poo s, ponds, and QD TR one streams, various cae Fla. to a ur. E. B. 2 Ont., and N. S— y C. A., S. Bee W.)— \ | i hue to the E of pools. They are often — (Mer — Sum. —Floating dense xad ^ plan s give à pale golden-green purple beneath. OrpER XYRIDALES — XYRIDAL ORDER Caulescent moss-like or acaulescent rush-like terrestrial herbs. Leaves alternate, equitant when basal: blades narrow, sometimes notched at the apex. Flowers axillary or usually borne in a terminal cone-like spike. Calyx regular or one sepal crested. Corolla regular. Gynoecium with a superior ovary. Fruit a capsule. Seeds minute, often caudate. Caulescent moss-like herbs: flowers axillary to leaf-like bracts: oS alike: styles wholly united. Fam, 1. MAYACACEAE. Acaule Ern rush-like herbs: flowers in terminal dense spikes e nited. 2 forms, or 1 sepal wanting: styles epe Fam. 2. XYRIDACEAE. Faminy d. MAYACACEAE — Boa-woss FAMILY Leaves eauline: blades narrow, flaccid, l-nerved, minutely notched at the apex. Flowers perfect, borne on axillary pedicels. Sepals 3, nar- XYRIDACEAE 251 rowed upward. Petals 3, broadened upward. Androecium of 3 stamen anthers 2 Gynoecium 3-carpellary. Fruit a capsule.—Only the fol. lowing gen 1. MAYACA Aubl Moss-like aquatic a the stems copiously leafy. Peduncles 1-flowered. Calyx herbaceous. ink, persistent with the sepals. Anther with an oblique oe a ae 7 species, in the warmer arts of America.—BOG-MOSSES. POOL-MOSSES. Pedicels much longer than the leaves: capsule globular or ovoid. 1. M. Aubletii. Pedicels shorter than the leaves: capsule ellipsoid. 2. M. fluviatilis. l. M. Aubletii Miehx. Stems ~ or matted, 2—20 em. long: leaves approxi- mate or densely crowded; blades narrowly lanceolate or almost linear 25 lo ns or streams, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va. 2. M. fluviatilis Aubl. Larger than M. o the juin duds en 40 cem. long: very approximate; blades S Ecc cenas to linear- ae 4-12 mm. long, very Haccid: pedi aa 2-5 mm. DE fae 3—4 mm. long: capsule 4-5 long.—Pools, a and sluggish Pune Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) FAMILY 2. XYRIDACEAE — YELLOw-EYED GRASS FAMILY Leaves basal: blades thickish. Flowers perfect, in a compact termi- nal spike. Sepals 3, the two lateral firm, keeled and often appendaged, persistent, the ‘third larger, mg with Petals 3, fugacious. Androecium most abundant in the tropics 1, XYRIS [Gronov.] L. Rigid herbs of bogs, swamps, prairies, and pine- lands. Leaves not forked at the tip, imbricate at the base of the scape. Flow- ers aggregated in a spike with closely imbricate scale-like bracts. Corolla yel- low or rarely white. Anthers narrow, the sacs opening lengthwise.—About 50 species, mostly in the tropics of both hemispheres.—Spr.—fall, or all year S YELLOW-EYED GRASSES. VARE-GOLDIES.—The plants of this genus prefer soils of a high degree of acidity Annual or biennial plants: leaves mainly shorter than the sheath of the scape. I. BREVIFOLIAE. Perennial plants: leaves mainly longer than the sheath of the Scape. 252 XYRIDACEAE Sterile filaments bearded: leaf-blades f fi: a sabe sepals included, i.e., B by the bracts. sepals partially exserted. Sterile pipa e glabrous: leaves terete, filiform. EVIFOLIAE Keel of the lateral sepals smooth or erui im Keel of the lateral sepals ciliate-fringed. II. COMMUNES Keel or wing of the lateral sepals ciliate. Lateral sepals winged, the wing partially ciliate, not bearded. ioe l-w bs ms arrow, narrower than the sepal-body. g broad, broader than the sepal-body Lateral mer keeled, aes c mainly ciliolate its entire length, bearded at the eel or wing of the cra. ails incised, erose-toothed or e. Keel or wing cross-toothed or incised. Lateral sepals Spats d from below the middle or from e base to the a Lateral oe SCALE. from above the middle to the Be. and leaves not scabro-puberulent. Spike ovoid, oval or globular, 5- 15 mm. long at mon loosely imbricate in few series, de- Bracts. pum imbricate in several series, Spike oblong to conic-oblong, 16-23 mm. long at Es urity ; bracts numerous and in oed series. e T leaves scabro-puberulent all ov Keel or Inc lacerate Lateral a creste d from about the A a below it, to the apex, the crest erect o Spike mot 11- 15 mm. long; Draco ounded. at the ex. Spike acute: Bedae sepals with the wing nar- ow or o ete near the base: leaves and AA smoo oth. Spike obtuse: lateral sepals with the wing broad to the base: leaves. and scape rough- margined. Spike oblong or cylindric, 15-30 mm. long; bracts and broadly rounded or nearly trun- cate at the apex. Lateral sepals crested from the base to the apex, the crest spreading or partially recurved. II. FIMBRIATAE Plant not bulbous at the base, the leaf-bases not greatly dilated. numerous ; e mostly s mm. wide at maturity. . H y. ostly 5-10 mm. wid Crest of the ict Beanie of Ves ehori erect segments : upper part of the scape smooth e of the. lateral sepals of very long spreading seg- upper part of the scape rough. Plant markedly “bulbous at the base, the oasis greatly di- and persistent. Corolla yellow: upper part of the scape, and the spike, Corolla white e: upper part of the scape, and the spike, glaucous or glaucescent. IV. BALDWINIANAE Plants clustered: leaves very slender. II. COMMUNES. III. FIMBRIATAE. . BALDWINIANAE. , X. brevi 2, X. PAAA 3. X. ambigua. 4, X. stricta 5. X. torta. 6. X. neglecta. 7. X. caroliniana. 8. X. communis. . X. elata. 10. X. scabrifolia. m 1. X. difformis. 12. X. serotina. 13. X. platylepis.. 14. X. iridifolia. 15. X. Elliott. 16. X. Smalliana. 17. X. fimbriata. 18. X. flexuosa. 19. X. pallescens. 20. X. Baldwiniana. XYRIDACEAE 253 1. X. brevifolia Michx. Leaves TE linear, 2-8 cm. long, celuste red: scape 8-30 cm. tall, nearly terete: spike globose, 4-6 mm. long; mt roded. lateral. ' sepals 3.5-4.5 mm. long.—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C. 2. X. flabelliformis Chapm. Leaves lin- ear or narrowly linear- EOT 1-2.5 cm. long, spreading in a fan- shaped man- ner, often curved: scape ve ender 8-30 em. tall, anges terete below, "ene flattened abov spike ovoid or ellip- soid, 4-8 mm. entire: lateral sepals 4—5 mm. long.— pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. 3. X. ambigua Beyr. Leaves linear, 14 dm long, tapering from a rather broad base, commonly roughish on the edges: sca ape 4—10 dm. tall, indo ridged, 2-edged above, the edges often rough: spike ovoid or ellipsoid. -ovoid, 2.5 em. long, often acute: lateral sepals 5- -8.5 mm . long: wing ciliolate. sees amps or open de Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—An infusion of the herbage of this, and doubtless other, species of Xyris is rubbed on the chest by the Seminoles, in cases of colds and pulmonary diede 4. X. stricta Chapm. Leaves linear or slightly e ir 1-4 dm. long, quite narrow, smooth-edged, often diseolored in drying: seapes 4—10 dm. tall, 2-edged and 'margined above, the margins roug zi peo narrowly ellipsoid or CAN 2-3.5 em. long: lateral sepals 5. 5-7 mm long; wing ciliolate, 2 Ee middle to the top.—Shallow pineland ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. o Mis 5. X. ad. Sm. Leaves dpud linear, 5-30 cm. long, acute, straight Or pan gr seape 2— . tall, more or less pud twisted, nearly terete below, 2-edged above, smooth: spike oval or subglobose, 5-10 mm. long: lateral sepals margined, 4-5 mm. lo ong; keel ciliate and bearded at the apex. LA. flexuosa Chapm. not Muh L]--Swamps damp banks, and wet soil, various Sou Ga. t o Tex., Minn., and Me. 6. X. neglecta Small. Leaves few, o 3—10 cm. long, acute, straight or slightly curved, rather erect: scape 1—4 dm. tall, pudo twisted, e Adds. spike ovoid, 4-9 mm. long; bracts 35 a mm. long: ‘lateral s sepals m. long; wing with erose-serrate crest from near the base to the apex. ae prs e Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga. 7. X. caroliniana Walt. Leaves linear, attenuate, smooth, the longer fully % as long as the scape: scape 1-6 dm. ta IÙ flattened and 2-e edged above, the edges smooth: spike oval or ovoid, 6-9 mm . lo ong, obtuse; braets sec imbricate in few series and splitting in age: lateral sepals 4-5 mm. long; wing narrower than the sepal-body, p toothed or eroded beyond: the middle voa ponds and swamps, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to La., Me.; Great Lake PP owani Ind. 8. X. communis Kunth. Leaves pondus attenuate, shorter than the scape: scape 2-7 dm. tall, 2-edged above: spike oval or globular, 8-15 mm. long: br acts closely imbricate in few series: lateral sepals 3—4 mm. long ; pra narrower 204 XYRIDACEAE than the sepal-body, erose-toothed or incised-toothed above the middle.—Low pinelands en swamps, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and Md.—(W. I.) 9. X. elata Chapm. Leaves few, 2-6 dm. long: scape 3-12 dm. tall, 2-edged above: ped oblong to eonic-oblong, 16-23 mm. s pads endi. elosely imbrieate in many series: lateral sepals 4—5 m ong; wing n , toothed above the mi iddle —Low pinelands and swamps, Coastel Plain, Fla. p La. and N. J. 0. X. scabrifolia Harper. Leaves few, very narrow, w scabro- pubertont 3-4 dm. long: scape his tue the leaves, and puberulent like e 1-1.5 em. long; bracts rather numerous, closely e lateral sepas Shani 5 mm. long; wing coe toothed above the middle.—Bogs, Pied- t, W Ga. 11. X. difformis Chapm. Leaves few, ins 1-5 dm. long, smooth: seape 2—5 dm. Ege ap ed clustered, twisted, sharply 2-edged above, smooth: spike déc 12-18 mm. long, acute, the braets rounded: lateral sepals 4.5-6 mm. lon ng: wing narrow or obsolete near the base of the sepal, with a erest of fri mc extending S E" nee of the sepal from the tip.—Swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla., Ga., 12. X. serotina Chapm. Similar to Ee difformis in habit. Leaves and scape rough rs pd pus gis. 12-18 mm. long, obtuse; bracts rounded: lateral sepals 4.5-5 m ong; wing broad p the base of the s sepal, with & fringed crest mid id ae middle ——Pineland swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Miss. 13. X. platylepis Chapm. Leaves linear, 2-6 x long: scape 5-9 dm. tall, 2-ridged above, sometimes md rou ughened o he margins: spike ellipsoid or cylindric, 1.5-3 em. long; bracts very nu: D X broadly truneate or n so at the apex: lateral sepals a with a lacerate crest the middle.—Low sandy places or i Conse Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C. 14. X. iridifolia Cha apm. Leaves few, linear, 5-8 dm. long, relatively broad: scape 6—10 dm. tall, stout, nearly terete or 1- -edged below, flattened and 2-edged above, the ed road ‘spike Ce or d ? 1.5— g; cts rounded: lateral sepal mm. long; rrow, incised-fimbriate its whole em —Shallow ponds and wet pads Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, . to Tex. and Ga. 15. X. HElliottii Chapm. Leaves ae narrowly linear, grass-like, 3—10 em. long o p acute, often twisted: scape 2—5 dm. tall, twisted, 2-edged throughout, or only 1-e edge ed below, roughi ish on the edges: spike oval or ellip- soid; bracts with wr en edges: lateral sepals 4—6.5 mm. long; wing in- cised. lacerate above the le or nearly entire below p terminal tuft or —Wet grassy eed. and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. CW. I.) 16. X. Smalliana Nash. Leaves few, lustrous, linear, 3.5-7 dm. long, lower half often purplish, striate: scape 7-10 dm. tall, about twice as tall a the leaves, flattened, unequally 2-edged below the spike, smooth: spike ovoid or at matur rity ellipsoi oid, 1.5-2.5 em. long: lateral sepals 5-8 mm. long; wing erested with short erect segments from about the middle.—Shallow ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga. X. fimbriata Ell. Leaves not lustrous, linear, 3-5 dm. long, smooth: scape xum and SERIE erect, 6—12 dm. tall, roughish, and 2- -edged above: spike ovoid ERIOCAULACEAE 299 to ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 em. long: lateral sepals 7-9 mm. long, relatively broad; ving crested with long spreading segments from about the middle to the s aper. onds or swampy places in pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and X. flexuosa Muhl. Leaves with dark dilated bases, 1-4 dm. long, usually spirally twisted: scape 3—7 dm . tall, somewhat flattened above, spirally twisted: s pd or conic- oblong, 1 -5 5-3 cm. long, EL acute : later al sepals 8—12 ong; fri of the wing firm: corolla yellow. [X. torta Kunth X. are- DS Small] Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. b "Tex., Ark., N. J. 19. X. pallescens (C. d pier Leaves few, Mid bu by the persis- tent purple or brown bases of those of previous years, 2—4 dm. long, spirally . twisted: scape 3-6 dm tall, spirally en 2- edged above spike ellipsoid or - eonic-ellipsoid, 1—1.5 em . lon ng: latera sepals 6 9 long, very delicate, narrow; fringe of the wing delicate: iu white Pinelands, open inne and sandy shores, Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala., and Ga. 20. X. Baldwiniana R. & S. Leaves numerous, filiform, terete, 0.5-2 dm long, . tà A A rs or AE , 4-6 mm. long, turbinate at the base: lateral sepals long, t e P ‘half of the keel-wing serrate: sterile filaments glab- rous.— LBT. MARY'S GRASS.)—Damp pinelands or pineland ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. ORDER HRIOCAULALES—EriocauLaL ORDER Acaulescent terrestrial herbs with the narrow leaves often crowded on a short caudex or with the caudex elongate and stem-like. Flowers crowded in a dense depressed or elongate head, monoecious or dioecious. Calyx and corolla minute. Gynoecium with a superior ovary. Fruit a fragile capsule. Seeds very minute, nut-like. Faminty 1. ERIOCAULACEAE — Pirewort FAMILY Perennial and perhaps rarely annual, mostly acaulescent, bog or aquatic herbs. Rootstocks often creeping or horizontal. Leaves clus- tered: blades narrow. Seapes simple, subtended by hing bracts Flowers monoecious (androgynous), or rarely dioecious, densely crowded a terminal involucrate head erianth in 2 the inner rarely obsolete). Staminate flowers with a any stamens as or st twice as many. Pistillate flowers with a 2-3-celled ovary. Fruit a cap- sule.—Nine genera and over on apes in warm and tropical regions, most abundant in South Ameri Stamens 2 or 3, ny as the sepals: petals glandless. Petals of the pistillate flowers obsolete. 1. LACHNOCAULON. Petals of the pistillate flowers resembling the sepals and united at the middle.. 2. SXNGONANTHUS. Stamens 4-6, twice as many as the sepals: petals each bear- ing a prominent gland. 3. ERIOCAULON. 1. LACHNOCAULON Kunth. Flower head not conspicuously involuerate. Staminate flowers: p 3; petals obsolete; stamens 3; filaments united be- low, coalescent with a rudimentary corolla or pistil, this with 3 lobes at the top; anthers 1- celled. "Pistillate flowers: sepals 3; petals obsolete.—Repre- a 256 . ERIOCAULACEAE sented only by the following species.—Heads white, gray, brown, or black.— HAIRY-PIPEWORT. BOG-BUTTONS Scape glabrou Gynoecium 3- -carpellary : stigmas 3: bracts of the involucre obtus ark-brown or black, scarcely, if at all, pubescent : sepals er d pu- pescent near the pend im " Head white or gray, woolly: sepals copiously ciliate. Head gray, globular at maturity: sepals about 1 i mm. long: anther as long as the filamen 2. L. floridanum. Head white, spheroidal at maturity : sepals s about m. long: anther shorter than the filament. 3. L. glabrum. Gynoecium 2-carpellary : stigmas 2: bracts of the involucre te. acute 4. L. digynum. Scape pubescent. Seeds smooth. 5. L. Beyrichianum. ractlets and sepals of the pistillate flowers not ciliate. 6. L. eciliatum. Bractlets i SEE of the pistillate flowers ciliate. or brown-gray, mm. thick or less: seeds oval ote ovoid, 0.5 mm. lon % L. minus. Head La mm. thick or more: seeds ellipsoid, . lon 8. L. anceps. 1. L. Engleri Ruhl. Leaf-blades 1-3 em. lon ng, linear-attenuate, glabrous, e ipu 5-30 cm. tall, 3—5-ridged, twisted, glabrous: head cylindric at ma- 3-6 mm. long: ‘receptacl e with slender clavate hairs: bractlets obovate, tely pu end near the apex: se- S obovate, obtus Lm sandy and springy places, Fla.—(F I.) 2. L. flo ridanum Small. Leaf-blades 2- 4.5 em. long, linear, less attenuate than | sparingly ci f L rum, ingly ciliate, manifestly cellular base: s m. tal ed, glabrous: hea 3 m ity: bractlets -3.0 mm. long at matur spatulate or obovate-spatulate, ciliate: D similar to the bractlets, ciliate.— sandy places, pen. Fla. 3. L. glabrum Koern. Leaf-blades e and ascending, ee d F em. long, glabrous: scape 15-30 em. tall, twisted, glabrous: head whit hick: bractlets and sepals ciliate. — Pinelands, damp T and e A P Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala. 4. oe Koern. Leaf-blades 8—15 ae ed linear, glabrous: scape 6-15 cm. tall, glabrous: e globular, about in diameter, gray: bract- lets Eu each with a nerve-like keel :. p eid: ciliate: ovary 3-celled. —Sandy soil, often in eines, Fla. 5. ie Beyrichianum Sporleder. Leaf-bla de es 1.5-5 em. long, very narrowly lin or. wd ear- Edi sparingly ciliate or nearly Nr us: scape 3-14 en tall, spar y hairy: head in bu la r, beeoming somewhat elongate, about 6. L. eciliatum Small. mi eae 1—4.5 em. long, linear-attenuate, sparingly ciliate: scapes slender, 3—9 cm. tall, pubescent: heads globular 3 —3.5 m thick, gray: bractlets spatulate, not ciliate: sepals spatulate to UL cote ERIOCAULACEAE 257 eciliate, those of the pistillate flowers wholly glabrous, those of the staminate minutely pubescent at the apex: seeds avoid, cancellate.—Sandy shores, NW Fla. 7. L. minus (Chapm.) Small Leaf-blades 1—4 em. long, linear-attenuate, sparingly ciliate: scape slender, 0.5-3 dm. tall, pubescent: head globular to ae 3—4 mm. ee bre and sepals ciliate with relatively short hai L. MichauasW Chapm.]—Moist soil often on pond-margins, Coastal Plain, Fla. to x. c 8. L. anceps (Walt.) Morong. Leaf-blades 2-6 cm. long, narrowly linear- attenuate, sparingly pubescent or glabrate: scape 0.5 dm. tall, very slender, pubescent: head spheroidal, 5 mm. bus or noe: bractle ets and sepals ciliate with relatively long hairs.—Sandy places and low or moist tp inelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.; and unen Plateau, Ala 2. SYNGONANTHUS Ruhl. Flower-head conspicuously involucrate. Staminate flowers with 2 or 3 distinct sepals and petals: stamens 2-3: fila- ments — anthers 2- Pape Pistil- ate flow with 2 or 3 inct se- pals a nd 2 or 3 petals do at middle.—About 80 species, mostly na- tives of Pra al Amer rica.—Heads yel- lowish-whit 1. S. flavidulus (Michx.) Ruhl. Leaf- blades filiform-linear or linear-subulate, em. long, floccose e the base: scapes 1-3 dm. tall, 5 -angled, pubes- very slender : heads 4-6 mm. ins . BA Low pinelands, margins of sandhill | e and bogs, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and N. C. (or Va. ?)—Spr. 3. ERIOCAULON [Gronov] L. Flower-heads not conspicuously in- voluerate. Staminate flowers: sepals 2-3; petals 2-3, each with a glan stamens usu l 4—6; filaments distinct. a flowers: sepals as in the staminate flowers; petals much reduced and row; stamen anting.— W ? out 200 aA mostly in warm temperate mi aoa regions.—Heads white, gray, or lead-colored, except in E. Ravenelii, in which they are brown or blaekish.—PiPEWORTS. BUTTON- RODS. HAT-PINS. Sheath at the 2 of the scape surpassing the leaves, except in the case of sub- merged plant Petals linear to spatulate: scape 4—7 ridged: head less than 10 mm. in diameter 1. E. lineare. Petals ‘broader scape 10—12- ridged: head over 10 mm. in diam 2. E. compressum. PRERIR A e base of the scape surpassed by the leaves, or 16 m ur bractlets, sepals, and petals cili- | ate: Beacons: ‘acu 3. E. decangulare. d 3-5 mm. thick : oan sepals, and petals gla- rene bractlets obtuse 4. E. Ravenelàá. 17 258 COMMELINACEAE 1. E. lineare Small. Leaf-blades 2-5 cm. long, curved, attenuate, sparingly pubescent or ped em T p id n 1-3 dm. tall, 3—5- E head ed broad: bra involuere Pn c aeute, pubes a pus the tp: sepals ur pe petals at least othesof the staminate flowers, linear.—Wet woods, and moist pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala, and Ga.—Spr.— E. septangu ulare as admitt ted into our range, seems to have been, for the M st part, based on small "Rem "of E. lin E. compressum Lam. Leaves ascending- us eading; blades 2-12 cm. long, flaccid, longitudinally striate: scape ERU dm. tall, 10-12-ridged: head spheroidal, over 1 thick: petals of the stami ee fore ciliate- fimbriate at the apex or above the middle cid p and low peels Coastal Plain, Fla. to. Tex. and N. J.—Spr. or all r 8. E. decangulare L. Leaves erect or ascending: blades 10-50 em. long: a: firm, finely many-striate, obtuse: uid stout, 3—10 dm. tall 10—14- ridged: head globular, 10-16 mm. thick: bracts of the T acute: bract- ur T and petals ciliate, or A acer on the back.—Moist pinelands and cid swamps, Coastal oe in and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. [o Tex., Pa., and m. or all yea 4. E. Ravenelii Chapm. Leaves various, the smaller: spreading, the larger ae Or ere ae ee 2-13 em. long, pellucid, sues acute: scape very slender, 4-30 em. tall, 5-6-ridged: he ad spheroidal, 3-5 mm. thick: bracts of the involuere Hoi. Duaci sepals, and petals PNE — Swamps and low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. C.—Su m.—fall, or all year OrpER COMMELINALES—COMMELINAL ORDER Caulescent or acaulescent terrestrial or aquatic and often fleshy, or epiphytic and firm herbs. Leaves various: thread-like to very broad. In- florescence an axillary or terminal spike, raceme, or panicle, or spadix- like. Flowers mostly perfect. Calyx and corolla regular or very irregular. Gynoecium with the ovary superior or sometimes inferior. Fruit a utricle or a capsule. Seeds grain-like or sometimes comose. Terrestrial or aquatic plants: foliage not scurfy: dd united. Calyx and e ola free, of very different mem : stamens fre Fam. 1. COMMELINACEAE. Calyx nd CORONA of quite similar members cie partly united: stamens partly adnate to the peria Fam.2. PONTEDERIACEAE. Epiphytes (except in Ananas, a spiny-toothed cultiv ated ~ terrestrial), often with scurfy foliage: stigmas 3. Fam. 3. BROMELIACEAE. Famity 1. COMMELINACEAE — Spiperwort FAMILY Annual or perennial caulescent succulent herbs. Leaves alternate, sheathing at the base. Flowers perfect, the mostly umbel-like or rarely seorpioid cymes involucrate. Calyx of 3 persistent herbaceous or partly p sepals. Cor of 3 equal or unequal delicate petals. Androe- of 5-6 stamens, sometimes 2 or 3 mere staminodia. Gynoecium COMMELINACEAE |. 299 2-3-carpellary. Styles united. Fruit a loeulieidally 2-3-valved capsule. —About. 30 genera and 350 species, most abundant in tropieal regions. Polleniferous stamens 6, or rarely 5. etals, or both sepals and petals, distinct Tribe I. TRADESCANTIEAE. Petals, or sepals and petals, partly coherent or ad- nate into a tube. Tribe II. ZEBRINEAE. Polleniferous stamens 3, or rarely 2. Tribe III. COMMELINEAE. I. TRADESCANTIEAE Flower- enu. subtended by minute or leaf-like bra C r cymules subtended by small or minute E very ps: the leaves. In flo Poor ence simple: filaments pubescent. UTHBERTIA. Inflorescence dichotomously compound: filaments gla- brous. 2. TRADESCANTELLA. Cymes subtended by an involucre of 1-3 bracts similar to the leaves. 3. n Flower-clusters subtended by specialized boat-like involucres. 4. RH . Z Succulent herbs with plain green or variegated leaves. 5. ZEBRINA. COMMELINEAE Flower-clusters not subtended by folded bracts. ANEILEMA, Flower-clusters subtended by a folded spathe-like involucre. 7. COMMELINA. 1. CUTHBERTIA Small. Stems upright or sometimes ultimately diffuse, often tufted, from a dense cluster of cord-like naked or fuzzy roots. Leaf- lades narrow, elongate, flat or half-terete. Cyme simple, terminating a long peduncle, with scale-like bracts. Petals pink or purplish equal. Stamens 6: filaments pubescent.—Represented only by the following species.—ROSELINGS. Leaves erect; blades half-terete or channeled, slender: capsule subglobose. Petals entire: corolla 2—2.5 em. wide. 1. C. ee: Petals crenate: corolla 3-4 cm. wide. 2. C. ornata. Leaves loosely spreading ; blades fat: capsule obovoid or globose- obovoid. 3. C. rosea. C. E Small. Plant 0. Va dm. tall, densely tufted, the stem slender, s fili- form-s Eu eoroll em i capsule subglobose, about 4 mm. in diam- eter: seed t wide, promi- ter pro nently r ribbed. —Sandy woods, pinelands, and sandhills, Coastal Plain and adj. Piedmont, Fla. to N. C.—Spr.-sum C. ornata Small. Plant 3-6 dm. tall, diameter: seed about 1.5 mm. in diam- eter, rather shallowly ribbed.—Serub, pen. Fla.—4All year. 3. C. rosea (Vent.) Small. Plant erect, single or sparingly tufted, often be- coming diffuse: leaves lax; blades narrowly linear and somewhat attenuate: eorolla 2-2.5 em. wide: capsule obovoid or globose-obovoid, 3.5—4 n in diame- r: seed about 1.5 mm. in diameter, Joes sharply ribbed. adescantia rosea Vent. |—Oak- pes aap age and r ver-swamps, Coastal piis and Pied- mont, Fla. to N. C. (or Va.?)—Spr 260 COMMELINACEAE 2. TRADESCANTELLA Small Herbs with creeping stems. Leaf-blades jia but relatively broad. Cyme dicho- omous, the cymules with seale-like bracts. us nearly equal. Stamens 6: fila- ments glabrous.—One species. 1. T. oe ds Wats.) Small. Stem long, ciliolate: sepals ovate, i d petals white: capsule nearly 2 . long.—Damp shady places and ham- mede, Fu Fla.—Spr.-fall.—Most fre- ent kitehenmiddens and sites of bein activity. Often forming a dense ground cover. 3. TRADESCANTIA [Rupp.] L. Plants mostly erect. Leaf-blades usu- ally relatively long and narrow. Cyme in an involucre of 1-3 leaf-like in Flowers sometimes fragrant. Petals nearly equal. B iind sessile.—A bout species, natives of temperate and tropical Ameriea.—Spr.-sum.—SPIDERWORTS. BLUE-JACKETS.—Some species have become favorite a mine and are greatly admired for their bright-blue or purple flowers whieh open, however, only in the morning. Stem and branches erect: flower cluster subtended by an involucre of elongate bracts: leaves elongate. ue blades greatly elongate and attenuate: flowers in a terminal cluster or also EUER axillary clusters at the upper remote nodes of the ste I. LONGIFOLIAE. Leaf-blades oe to linear-lanceolate, acuminate: flow ssile or short-stalked clusters k the ap- pro o e S R upper nodes of th II. BREVIFOLIAE. Stem and branches decumbent or DEA. a leaf- blades br ond. III. FLUMINENSES. I. LONGIFOLIAE Stem abbreviated, sometimes only abou centimeter long: bracts of the involucre mostly E p the leaves. 1. T. brevicaulis. Stem elongate, up a meter tall: bracts of the involucre l Stem glabrous or sparingly pubes Sepals pube coni with long non- ero hairs all over. 2. T. virginiana. Sepals with a small tuft of hairs at the tip. . T. reflexa. acts of the involucre. very ds petals red. 4. 1'. incarnata. She ths of the lower leaves ao 5. T. foliosa. Stems Pee and also sometimes glandul Stem, pedicels, En sepals hirsute with p -glandular hairs. 6. T. hirsuticaulis. Stem, pedicels, and sepals glandular-pubescent. T. T. longifolia. II. BREVIFOL Plant very variable in size and habit, but i Asus y dis- tichous, those egi e AN the very many-flowered clusters . mostly 'saccate at the bas 8. T. pilosa. III. FLUMINENSES Spreading plant with weak creeping stems and branches: leaf- blades ovate, oval, or elliptic. 9. T. fluminensis. COMMELINACEAE 261 1. T. brevicaulis Raf. Stem very short, somewhat elongating in age, but less than 1 dm. long, densely villous, sim mple: leaves elongate, with large sheaths ste ew on conspic cuously elongate densely villous pedicels: sepals elliptic-ovate, 1 m. ong, villous all over: petals blue or em. lon purple, 2-2.5 g: capsule globose- obovoid, about long, ingly pubescent at the top seed a mm LUE-GRASS.) — Prairies, hill- sides, and woods, oe Plateau pn inces, Tenn. to Ark., Mo., and Ill.—Spr. virginiana L. Stem single or branched at the gri the mE n then tufted, 2-5 dm ar green, iini or finely pubescent, c omm leaves few, elongate; blades attenuate, glabrous or pubescent in plants with pubescent stems: flowers several to m a cluster r: sepals broadly ovate, 12— 18 mm. long, n or less villous all ear n in age: pet ja blue, ee rose, or white, 1 1.5-2 em. long: capsule ellip oe void, 4-5 mm. long, g seed about 2.5 mm. long.—Woods, id. cud pend bluffs, and stream- banks, various E aces fare Coastal Plain, N. C. t iplis and N. S.—Spr. T. reflexa Raf. Stem usually single, up to 1 m. tall, glabrous, glaucous, branched in robust plants: leaves elongate, glabrous, glauco us or nearly so; blades at Dru. Arcum ally with seattered hairs near the sheat th: d S sev- eral or many 1 cluster: Poele elliptie to diss -elliptie, 8-11 mm. pon one, at least, with a taft hairs at the apex, permanently thick: petals blue, ovate, saei broadly so, 1.5-2 em. long: capsule ellipsoid, about 5 mm. long, glab- rous, glaucou eed about 9. 5 mm. lo = —Woods, sandhills, dunes, d and SURE various provinces, N Fla. o Tex., Minn., and N. C.—Sp r.-sum 4. T. incarnata Small. Stem commonly single, up to 1 m. tall, glabrous, sim- ple or with a branch or two above: leaves elongate, with long, arachnoid sheaths : h n h owers numerous in the terminal cluster: sepals elliptic or ance -lanceolate, long, one of them, oe c sparingly bearded at the apex: petals bright ea mcr ovate, 1-1.5 em. long: espsule glabrous. EA oods, N Mis —Spr.— 5. T, foliosa Small. Stem often single, mostly 3-7 dm . tall, simple edi Or sparingly branched, glabrous: leaves erect, the lower ones several or numerous, d ? mm. long, 2 of them, at least, pubescent near ie apex: petals blue, broadly ovate, 1.5-2 em. long: capsule globose- -obovoid, 4-5 mm. long, glabrous: seed 3 mm. lon de m NE Fla. and N part of the pen.—Spr. 6. T. hirsuticaulis Small. Stem single, or branched at the base, the imer lon aA dm. tall, simple or sometimes branched, hirsute with long w white or pale hairs: leaves elongate; blades narrowly linear-attenuate, hirsute: ict usu- aliy relatively few a cluster: sepals narrowly ovate to elliptic-ovate, 9—11 . long, or rarely poema hirsute, green or magenta-margined: petals ee 5128 or buc ovate, 1.6-2.2 em. long: capsule globose-ellipsoid, 6-7 m long, glabrous or inconspicuously glandular- pba seed about 3 mm. oie 262 COMMELINACEAE —Sandy woods, rocky hills, and fields, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and Ga. Spr. T. pov e s single, or branched at the base, the branches n up to 6 dm. tall, times branched above, finely glandular-pubescent and often with additional Tusc. glandless hairs: leaves elongate, the lower ones nea uate, pu in a elust elliptic- MER 9-10 long, done bre often magenta-mar- gined: pet s blue t T violet, 1.3-2 cm. long, broadly ovate to HE ud -ovate: capsule elipso id, long, finely PRORA pubescent: seed 3 . long. [T. roseolens ae pinelands, and oak-woods, pen. Fla — AIL year. 8. T. a J. G. C. Stem up to l m. tall, usually simple, but often Hips Pup or elongate o stalks from the axils of some of the upper leaves, rarely branched, frequently zigzag, p A or villous, often gregarious: pee rather approximate and distichous or d er P ; blades lanceo- : s to linear- t olate, or rarely elongate: flowers typieally numerous, some- es very numerous: sepals uio did E elliptic. d mostly 6-8 mm pu hairy all over: corolla 3-3.5 em : eapsule oval, about o mm. long, ones pue on ii d pe fully 9. 5 mm . long. [7. m sie ae a Sm oods, ous e ces, N Fla. to La., Mo., Ohio, a Va ot wide | distribution n, Bud va nd in size and habit The "broad- e ms are very E ud with na times elon ngate leaves resemble ne of T. reflex , but y be distinguished os that species by the pubescent sepals. Thr ee va SO re a range there is much variation in the color of the corolla which varies from deep-violet through pale-violet shades to white 9. T. fluminensis Vell. Stem and branches widely spreading, up to 1 m. long, ius leaf-blades ovate, oval or elliptic, 3-9 cm. long, acute, or Dd il acuminate, the sheaths ae ciliate: flowers ee in a cluster: ae e, abou 6 mm. long, with a finely pubescent median keel: corolla white, eru mm wide: capsule subglobose, abou mm. long: seed scarcely 1.5 mm. long.— (WANDERING-JEW.)—Sandy woods and waste-places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C. Nat. of S. A. and cult. 4. RHOEO Hance. Herbs with erect or ascending stiff leaves, crowde n a stout caudex which is a branch of a fleshy sto blades contracted above the doe base. Cyme congested, borne in an involucre of imbricate boat- like ps s. Petals equal, not clawed. Capsule oe species 1. R. ~ apo Hance. Leaves 24 dm 1; blades 1 thick, broadly in. t often purple, es- pecially so beneath: flower-stalks clus- tered: spathes 24 em. long: petals white or blue, 5-8 mm. idee. pai 4-5 mm. long.—(BOAT-LILY. n PLANT. — Pinelands and cult. grounds, pen. —(W. I.)— l ye —A favorite garden plant in the tropics and ee de m under ie in vin -tropical regions. COMMELINACEAE 263 5. ZEBRINA Schnizl. Herbs with diffusely branching stems. Lea blades relatively broad. Cymes borne in involucres of leaf-like bracts with saccate bases. orolla-lobes essentially equal. Stamens 6. Capsule slender- pedieelled.— Two species, Mexican. 1. Z. pendula Schnizl. Stem ae M S subor .bieular, 5-8 mm. long: capsule 0011 Or ellipsoid- -ovoid, 1.5 mm. long: seed about 1 mm. long.—(WANDERING-JEW.) —Hammoeks, S is Fla. E a i Mex. I.\—All fa- vorite house plant of long UA S most frequently used in hanging-baskets. 6. ANEILEMA R. Br. Herbs with diffuse, often creeping stems and branches. Leaf-blades long and narrow. Cyme subtended by involueres of leaf-like bracts. Perianth regular. Sta- mens 3, or rarely 2. Capsule not borne in athe.—About 60 species, most ia in the Old World tropics. A. nudiflorum (L.) Kunth. Plant 1- : EE tall, the stems often branched: leaf- 1 em. long, ciliate at the base: cymes long- peduncled: = tals blue or purplish, 5-8 mm. long: Fla. to Ga. Nat. of E Indies.—Spr.-fall 7. COMMELINA [Plum.] L. Herbs with erect, spreading, or ereeping stems. Lea tblades o short. Cyme borne in a specialized folded in- volucre. Perianth irregular, sometimes only slightly so. Corolla blue, at least the larger petals. Stamens 3 or rarely 2. Capsule hidden in the spat About 100 B dn ir distributed in temperate and tropical © i Spr.—su AY-FLOWERS. DEW-FLOWERS.—Some species are -o grown in pm for their bright-green foliage and bright-blue flowers. Som tropieal species may be grown in the open in temperate latitudes. Spathe-like involucre open at the base, the edges not united. Two posterior petals blue; anterior one much smaller, narrow, white: capsule 2- celled, 4-seeded : spathe short: plants annual, diffus I. COMMUNES. All three petals blue, with broad blades; anterior oue slightly smaller than the posterior: capsule 3-celled, b5-seeded: plants perennial: spathe elongate. II. LONGICAULES. d with ihe carpels 1-seeded, or the posterior one reduced or obso III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE. 264 COMMELINACEAE All three petals blue; anterior one somewhat smaller than the posterior.ones: leaf-sheaths with ferruginous hairs: capsule with the anterior carpels 2-seeded and the pos- terior carpel 1-seeded. I V. HIRTELLAE. I. COMMUNES Plants annual, diffusely spreading, the stems rooting at the lower nodes: leaf-blades lanceolate: anthers 6. 1. C. communis. II. LONGICAULES Plants mainly erect or diffuse with decumbent or climbing stems and erect branches: involucres mostly 2.5-5 em. long, long-acuminate: seeds smooth, over 2.5 mm. long. Spathe about thrice as long as wide: petal-blades reni- orm, the posterior ones long-claw l Spathe about four times as long as dim petal-blades del- toid, the e posterior ones short-clawed. 3. C. Gigas. Plants with creeping stems and Dh: involucres id less than 2.5 cm. long, acute: seeds reticulate, 2-2.5 m Y C. caroliniana. Ha . C. longicaulis. III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE Leaf-blades ovate to elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate : S petals 8-12 mm. long: seeds d fattened’ ant with procumbent ereeping stems and branches 5. C. elegans. Leaf- ades linear, lanceolate, or linear-lan mE pru Soto dor petals : Leaf-blades of a lanceolate type: seeds of E eu red dde 6. C. erecta. Leaf-blades of a linear or linear-lanceola e type: f a spheroidal type. E p 2-3 em. long, mostly with long white hairs ear the base. T. C. crispa. EA 1-2 cm. long, rarely with long white hairs near the base. 8. C. angustifolia. . IV. HIRTELLAE Relatively coarse herb with usually clustered spathes. 9. C. virginica. 1. C. communis m and branches 3—10 dm. long, eR ereeping: leaf- bl aris bend ate, 4—12 cm. long, aeute or nate: spathe 2-4 cm. long, mcd pre twice as long as wide: sepals 45 m g: anterior 'petal white, rhombie- ovate or rhombic-lanceolate; pos- e ifo ue long: seeds 3.5-4 long.—Was de about gardens, put moist neni various province Ala. to Ark. Mo. Mass. and N. c —Nat. of ia.— Equally P home in natural habitats, and as a weed in waste- HH 2. C. Midi ee Walt. Stem and v iu, erect or pee often more than 1 m. long: leaf- d lanceolate, 8—12 em. long, acute or irm d spa e 2.5—3.5 em. long, mostly pd thrice as Dea edu sepals B petal - ss than 5 mm. long, au ind rs 5, the E s POM eeds 3 mm. p or tly so.—Moist sandy soil and cult. ic Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Miss., "Mo, and S. C. 3. C. Gigas Small Stem and d reclining and creeping, climbing shrubs and trees, often 3-5 ng: bi Wu p laneeolate, often narrowly 12 em. long o apii acuminate: spathe 4-5 cm. long, about 4 times as e as wide: sep 4-5 long: era petal pe over 6 mm. : inc 5, the larger ones 5 2 mm. long: capsule not s en. Hammocks, Lake Okeechobee region, Fla.—Our most vigorous and a species. The herbage is frequently ie by cattle. PONTEDERIACEAE 265 4. C. longicaulis Jaeq. Stem and branehes 3-10 dm. long, re the roots fibrous: leaf-blades lanceolate i ga ene ee 3-8 e ong, acute: spathe 1-2.5 cm. long, vius twice as long as wide: Dus aoe pou long. uu iud pid 5: seeds 2-2.5 mm. E ng. [C. nudifiora (Fl. U. 83] — (BAB EWFLOWER.)— —Moist soil, sandy places, along a or cult. Ms various Mead Fla. t o Tex., Kans., Ind., and Ga.; occasional as a weed N to Pa. Nat. of t broad, 1.5-2 em. long, acute: capsule about 4 mm. long.—Moist, often sandy soil, S Fla. and 8 Tex, —(W. I., Mez., C. A., 8.4) ta L. Stem and bes 2-9 dm. tall, ereet or ascending: leaf- Pládes ras lanceolate, 3—12. cm. long, acuminate, sparingly hairy about the mouth of the sheath: spathe 2-3 cm. long, purum e: anterior petal shorter than the claws of the posterior ones: capsule 4-5 mm. long. [C. virginica (Fl. SE. U. S.) not L. C. saxicola Sm ic soil, loam, and rocky woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and N. Y. 7. ©. pa Wooton. Stem and branches 2-9 dm. long, often decumbent: leaf- Blades d d pepe linear- po 3-8 em. long, erisped: spathe en or acuminate: capsule 4-5 mm. dom Sandy or rocky 2- soil, Tenn, to Tox, CAriz., Colo., had Ind. 8. C. angustifolia Michx. Stem and branches 2-8 dm. long, erect or Pd leaf- oiv linear, sometimes m so, flat, attenuate: ee 1-2 em. long, a or acuminate: capsul mm. long. [C. hamipila C. Wri righ boue Nash C. Nashii Bona] Pinelends, sand-d Med and fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—(W. I.)—The iudicio de sap is used by the Seminoles to soothe a oie C. a L. Stem 2-12 dm. tall, simple or sparingly branched: leaf- blades ae or elliptic, 10-20 em. long, often scabrous: spathes usually clustered, triangular or PA aoe er Soret , 2-2.5 em. long, acute: petals ovate: capsule 7-8 mm. long. [C. hirtella Vahl]—Mo ist or wet soil, mostly alluvial cs and river shores, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Faminty 2. PONTEDERIACEAE — PICKEREL-WEED FAMILY Bog or aquatic herbs with rootstocks. Leaves alternate: blades di- lated, narrow, or mere phyllodia. Flowers 1 or several from a bract-like tube. Gynoecium 3- sgl east but sometimes with a 1-celled ovary. Fruit a l-seeded duc de or a many-seeded capsule.—. genera is 20 spe- cies, fresh-water inhabitants in tropical and ine region Stamens 3: flowers few: perianth salverform Stamens equal: anthers narrow, erect : leaf-blades narrow. 1. ZOSTERELLA. Stamens unequal: anthers various, the posterior ones road, Hasse leaf-blades broad. 2. HETERANTHERA. Stamens 6: flowers many: perianth "2. -lipped. Ovary 1-cellec: ars and seed, solitary : fruit indehiscent. 3. PONTEDERIA. . Ovary 3-celled: ovules, and seeds, many: fruit dehiscent. 4. PIAROPUS 266 P ACEAE 1. ZOSTERELLA Small. Aquatic plants with regularly leafy stems. Leaf-blades linear, sessile. Spadix 1-flowered. Perianth yellow, regular, the lobes narrow, nearly equ i Stamens 3, ] h equal: anthers narrow, erect. Ovary 3-celled: style jn CD —— un- der the stigma. Ovules numerous. Cap- sule many-seeded.—T'wo species of tem- perate and tropieal Ameriea 1. Z. dubia (Jacq.) Small. Stem and on elongate: leaf-blades mainly 4- long: perianth lobes linear, 8— m. lon capsule 4-6 mm. Jong. [Heteranthera eae (Michx.) Vahl] (WAT ss.)—Still MI water, various cS Fla. to Tex., Ore, and Ont.—(W. I., Mez.)—Spr.— - sum sually ith the foliage submersed, but with the flowers extending above the water. On muddy shores the plant sometimes develops a short erect stem 2. HETERANTHERA R. & P. Plants of muddy places, with rootstocks from which arise short branches bearing a cluster of leaves and a pedunele with a braet. Leaf-blades broad, long-petioled. Spadix l-few-flowered. Peri- anth white or blue, the calyx-lobes narrower than the corolla-lobes. Stamens others: anthers versatile. Ovary 3-celled: styles barely if at all thiekened under the stigma. Ovules numerous. Capsule many-seeded.—About 8 species, mostly natives of tropieal Ameriea.—MUD-PLANTAINS Leaf-blades longer than wide, obtuse at both ends : style glabrous. 1 Leaf-blades wider than long, cordate at the base: style pubescent. 2. 1. H. limosa (Sw.) Willd. Leaf-blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, 1-4 long: spadix E _erianth bine: tube m y reniformis. zi long. — Ditches, DNE Mar and mud, various provinces, Fla. to N. M., Colo., and Va.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) 2. H. reniformis R. & P. Leaf- Es reniform or orbieular- reniform mostly 1 em. lo ong.— —Shallow water and mud, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., and Conn.— (W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A) | 3. PONTEDERIA L. Aquatic herbs. Leaf-blades narrow or broad, the basal on tapering petioles. Spadix many-flowered. Perianth 2-lipped, blue with a yellow spot on the upper lip, the lobes nearly equal. Anthers versatile. Ovary l-eelled. Fruit with tubercled or incised crests. Seed solitary.—About 8 species, natives of America.—PICKEREL-WEEDS. DoG-TONGUES. WAMPEES.)—Frequently ealled BLUE-FLAGS. P ACEAE 267 Spike densely flowered : perianth mE at least when young: fruits n or oblong in outline, about twice as long a 1. ordata. Spike loosely flowered : pd EQUIP and sometimes also Et at least when young: fruits subglobose in outline, early or quite as wide "i none. 2. P. lanceolata. 1. P. cordata L. Basal leaves erect, but not very rigid, the tissues soft; blades broadly ovate to deltoid-ovate and cordate at the base, varying to narrowly l nd truncate or bogs, and lakes, various provinces, N Fla. to Okla., Ont, and N. S.—$Spr.-fall or all year S. 2. P. lanceolata Nutt. Basal leaves stiffly erect; blades lanceolate "e vi ema t the bas and narrowed or rounde e, vary- ing to deltoid or ovate and eri sub- cordate, or deeply cordate; e m leaves i r tot S 5-6 ce ino stagnant 2 Coastal Plain Fla. to Tex or all year S.—In pure growth the spikes of this a of the preceding species make a brilliant show in the landscape. 4, PIAROPUS Raf. Aquatic herbs. Leaf-blades cea sometimes with inflated petioles. Spadix few-flowered. Perianth somewhat 2-lipped, the lobes unequal. nthers erect. Ovary 3-celled. Seeds many.—Five species, mostly natives of South Ameriea.—W ATER-HYACINTHS. Me orbicular to reniform: flowers in a spike or spike-like pu perianth r 9 em. wide. 1. P. crassipes. Leaf-blades ate. flowers in an open panicle: perianth less than 2.5 em. wide. 2. P. paniculatus. 1. P. crassipes (Mart.) Britton. Plants 1-12 dm. tall: leaves with inflated petioles and mainly orbicular to reniform blades 3-15 cm. broad: perianth bluish-purple; tube 1.5-2 em. long; limb 4—7.5 em. broad, the lobes longer than the tube- (Wampr-srrACINTI. RIVER-RAPT. WAMPEE EE.)— Str eams, lakes, ponds, e ara Coastal Plain, Ga. and Fla. t In part, at ws Dowd from cultivation — (W7 IL., may cover several squar feet o any acres of w s Ek is the most pv especially e of our water plants. The ae aa brilliant torches dies in a sea of E Li Paus is & unique sight. Wheth an immi- grant from tropical dos cannot be certainly dete owever, its growth in the ae cf the rather recently opened up e of the in- terior of peninsular Florida indieates that it was native ther 268 BROMELIACEAE 2. P. paniculatus (Spreng.) Small Plant 3-6 dm. tall: leaves with slender petioles and ovate blades, 7—11 em. long: m le 1-1.5 em. long, many-flowered : TATT deu pk perianth mainly blue or EE - rA -lobes 2 lone 9-11 mm. long: corolla- rs eon slightly longer than and abou de s the E lobes, the narrower one pale and with 2 bs blote hes below pm middle.—Ditehes and wet pinelands, pen. Fla. Nat. of Brazil and cult.—(W. I., C. A., S. A.) Famity 3. BROMELIACEAE — PINEAPPLE FAMILY Epiphytie or rarely terrestrial herbs, commonly with scurfy foliage. Leaves usually crowded at the base of the owering stem: blades entire Gynoecium 3-carpellary, the ovary superior or inferior: styles united. es numerous. Fruit baccate or capsular iM 45 genera and 900 species, natives of tropical and subtropical Ameri Ovary superior: fruit capsular: leaves spineless: plants epiphytic. Tribe I. TILLANDSIEAE. Ovary inferior: fruit a syncarp, baccate: leaves spiny: pian nts terrestrial. Tribe II. BROMELIEAE. NDSIE Corolla ee ovoid, or urcéolate: i rec PNE stamens with straight fila- ents and not dilated upward. Corolla cylindric; petals of a spatulate type, much longer than the sepals: capsule ees Flowers LIN ór 2 together, terminating naked peduncles: style short, columnar. Stems pendant, elongate, filiform: flowers surpassed by the slender- tipped bracts of the involucre. 1. DENDROPOGON. Stem not pendent, short: flowers exceeding the short bracts of the involucre. 2. DIAPHORANTHEMA. Flowers ies to ny in simple or branched i ike hich Xormingte a eee flower- talk: style elongate, filifor 3. TILLANDSIA. Corolla SON urceonale petals o e as long as the epals or slightly longer: capsule ovoid. 4, CATOPSIS. oe arae much constricted above the middle: ns with spirally twisted filaments which are Spoon likè where the anthers are attached. 5. GUZMANNIA. II. B eris plants with a rosette of elongate em from ich arises a ds flower-stalk upon the top of which the fruit ripen 6. ANANAS. 1. DENDEOPOGON Raf. Pendent festoon- like epiphytic plants, with regularly leafy stems. Leaves remote: blades linear-filiform above the base. Flowers cami ——HRepresented only by the din Species. 1. D. usneoides (L.) Raf. Plant clothed with B scales. Stems fili T lo 0 lowish: capsules 15—30 mm. long: seed- body subulate, 2.5-3 long.—(Lone- S SPANISH-MOSS. | FLORIDA-MOSS. CRAPE-MOSS. - PS E S, especially in hammocks and mps, Co aa Plain and ay "n "icut F A ? QV. I widely aistribated epiphyte and the most BROMELIACEAE 269 characteristic feature of the Coastal Plain swamps. "The plant is used as fodder and in upholstery. 2. DIAPHORANTHEMA Beer. Limp, very gregarious epiphytic plants, with peduncle-like flowering branches. Leaves several on the short stem or branches, the blades elongate-subulate, re- curved from the imbricate bases. Flowers in a terminal long-peduneled spike. Style columnar, as long as the ovary or shorter.— out 6 species, mainly tropical American. 1. - debe (L.) Beer. Plant gray- fuzzy, 5-15 em. tall, the stems and branches often’ densely clustered: sae blades peri E -10 long, 2—4 wide: peduncles iry: se eod ls 7-9 mm. LIN aeute: petals viole t, 12-14 mm. long: capsule 2-2.5 em. long. Pun ai Mad Ee peer Moss. BuNCH-MOSS.)—Hammocks, rub, prem swamps, me pinela i. Coa "s rd Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I. Mex C. 4A.)—Frequently on insulated electric wires and other unnatural SERA . TILLANDSIA L. Stiff, epiphytic, solitary or ‘gregarious plants with leafy flower-stems. Leaves several or many, mainly in a basal rosette, flat or dilated and sometimes saccate at the base, those on the flowering stem more or less reduced. Flowers in simple or branched spikes with imbricate bracts. tyle filiform, much longer than the ovary.—About 350 species, natives of warm and tropical America.—AIR-PLANTS. WILD-PINES. Main rachis of the inflorescence covered with the closely imbricate more or less distichous bracts. I. FASCICULATAE. Main D of the inflorescence exposed, the bracts, at t flowers sessile : corolla cream-color or ivory- -white. II. UTRICULATAE. Bracts, flowers, and capsules lax or spreading: flowers pedicelled : corolla lavender to rose-purple. III. ALOIFOLIAE. I. FASCICULATAE Leaves with short slightly-dilated bases which are narrowed into elongate-subulate straight erect tips. 1. T. tenuifolia. Leaves with long much dilated bases which are narrowed into short or elongate curved or twisted tips. Leaf-bases flat or nearly so, not forming a bulb-like swelling at the base of ‘the flower-stem asal leaves erect or ascending, except the more or less spreading or curled tips. Inflorescence not contracted, the lateral branches erect or ascendin x reis with a concave upper face: stem- S with ascending or spreading slender . T. simulata. Leaf blades with a V-shaped upper face: stem- leaves with erect or appressed filiform tips. . T. myriophylla. . T. juncea. pad. mn Nn =] c © B A o te fo B ud B 4 © pe [er o x ao m» C bd whic Leaves and bracts coriaceous: bracts loosely imbricate and separated in fruit. Leaves 2 bracts chartaceous: bd per- ey approximate and closely im- . T. Valenzuelana. 270 BROMELIACEAE Leaves stiff, straight or nearly bristly spreading basal Sor the shor base abruptly narrowed into an elongate ate. . T. hystricina. [en £e ag ihe] (p 65 [mn be Am (o et pæ "3 H eo HO ct p, u mM ig B8 [e] on) Er narrowed into the rather e ko) c ct e e n 2 - ae) 69 n -1 . T. fasciculata. Ion inflated, eye a bulb-like swelling at the the flower stem Basal “leaves with long pliable whip-like tips: corolla leav with y re LL lanceolate, the bracts nar 8. T. Balbisiana. Basal us: with the tips no tentacle-like, ascend- ing: stem-leaves with ere ips: spi ikes linear- liptic, p bracts broa d. 9. T. polystachya. Basal leaves with short rigid tips: corolla lavender: flower-stem very short, protruding from the rece of basal leaves only in fru iei if at all. 10. T. circinata. II. UrRicUL Tall plant with numerous long. flat or Ho. due widely recurving, basal leaves: flower-stem many-flowered. 11. T. utriculata. III. ALOIFOLIAE non In with the few short ee leaves, erect or nearly and spirally twisted: flower-stem few-flow ered. 12. T. diis 1. T. tenuifolia L. Plant green, dark-red, or purple-red, 1-3 dm. tall, the stems and leaves often in dense clusters: leaves quill-like, often sae the : spikes wered: petals violet t 3 em. lon ule 2. [T. Bartramit El. T. oe LeCont te] —Hammocks and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—(W. I., C. A., S rk imulata Small. Plant pale-green or an leaves the flower-stem with ong slender mh mcer quill-like tips, the upper ones often | red: spikes with the bracts red- e capsule » stout, about 3 em. long. [T. angus- tifolia (Chapm. F1.) ?.]—Hammocks, often along streams and swamps, pen. Fla. 3. T. myriophylla Small. cet gray and reddis uie EE 1-3 dm. tall the stems few or d js ogethe son leaves erect o rur with the very slender tips straight o m Jea of the flower- a with elongate almost filiform but stiff quill- like tips, t e ones often pups -pink: spikes with the bracts reddish- ame ds ed: eu violet, about 4 em. long: eapsule rather slender about 2.5 em. long.—Hammocks, often in the hilly parts, pen. Fla. ds cea (R. & P.) Poir. Plant gray-green, 1.5-3.5 Ma tal, the stems usually several together: basal leaves mostly as ne of the outer ones recurved-spreading ; leaves of ae eyed stem with e ne -subulate, a -like strictly erect or appressed tips, the upper ones Ae red-tinged: spikes con iur the n branches short, os the whole inflorescence contracted int o nal m less elongate cluster: bracts n. or red-tinged: petals violet, Weng 3 Hee ee capsule stoutish, 2.5-3 cm. long—Hammocks, pen. Fla.— (W. I., C. A., S. A.) BROMELIACEAE 271 5. T. Valenzuelana A. Rich. Plant light-green or red-tinged, 2-5 dm. tall, the stems di Or b together: basal leaves with the almost flat tip prise curled back; f the flower-stem lax with acuminate tips: spikes with the bracts red- ee or red: petals violet, about t 3.5 em. long: capsule slender about 3 em i ong. [T. Houzeavi (Chapm. Fl.)]—Hammoeks, S Fla.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., 8. A.)—T. sublaxza Baker, seems to be the e simple spiked condition of this a 6. T. hystricina Small. Plant bright-green, 2-3.5 dm the stem usually solitary: basal leaves numerous, stiffly spreading, with abripüy ped Pr bases and stiff nearly flat knife-like tips; leaves of the flower-stem with stiff Ta ie like tips: spikes few, the bracts mostly green: petals violet, pos 4 cm. long: capsule not seen. —Hammocks, Everglade Keys, S pen. Fla. 7. T. fasciculata Sw. Plant gray-green, except the Mud tonite 2-6 dm. tall, the stems solitary or few together: basal leaves numer recurved- beard tee ieee ally attenuate above the widely dilated base; pd of the flower-stem h broad erect tips: spikes several to ma ay, the bracts yellow, red, or Atl petals violet, 4.5-5 em. long: capsule 3-3.5 em. long. [T. bracteata ‘Chap m.]— Hammocks, cypress- puc and rarely pine lands, pen. Fla.—(W. I., Me C2X., C. vie S. 4.) —T. Wilsonii S. Wats. was based on seedling plants of this species. T. Balbisiana Schult. Plant gray-green to the inflorescence, 2-9 dm the stems solitary or few together: basalleaves few, with tips recurved- Gu leaves of the flower-stem with lax iis es tips: spikes narrow, ri flat- tened, the iol p erect, the bracts red: petals violet, about 3.5 em. long: capsule 4—4.5 cm. E [7. juncea ped F1.)]—Ha mmocks E cypress- wamps, S Fla.—(W. I., Mex.) 9 : Pobstachen L. Plant dark gray-green or slate-colored up t florescence, 2.5-6 dm. tall fe stems solitary or few together: basal oe pa numerous, with long-attenuate slightly involute tips; leaves of the flower-stem with rigid, erect, stout-subulate tips: spikes usually spar ingly branched, flat- tened, the eral ones erect or ascending, the bracts red or yellow-tinged: petals violet, about 4 cm. long: capsule about 4 cm. Duct a. and cypress- swamps, S pen. Fla.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) cx. e osi Schlecht. Plant gray, 1-2 dm. tall, the stems usually clust- ered, Mieres s 4-9 together: basal leaves few; lea ves of the flower-stem with sheathing een and short ie subulate tips: T simple or sparingly branched, flattened, the lateral ones appressed to the main one: bracts gray or greenish: petals lavender, reed 3 em. long: pods ar em. long. [T. bulbosa (Chapm. Fl.) ]—Hammo eks and Kin swamps, S Fla. —(W I., Mex.) 11. T. utriculata L. Plant light-green, 3-20 dm. tall, the stems Suc leaves numerous, with elongate flat or nearly flat blades attenuate from t wide bas leaves of the flower-stem more or less remote, with Edita d the lower ones with elongate tips the upper with slender tips or merely inflorescence loosely and usually widely branched: spikes with zigzag jacks and separ RT Loud s petals cream-colored or ivory- shile, about 4 em. long: capsul ong. Pw mmocks, cypress-swamps and serub, SE Ga. and Fla. ON. 1 N^ A., 8S. A.)— — Our largest wild-pine. The plants flower once only and pus soon afterward. 12. T. aloifolia Hook. Plant t light- green, 2-9 dm. tall, the stems solitary or 2 or 3 together: basal leaves few, in a cylindric or Rede: opia-like cluster, with E horizontally banded bases and broad tips; leaves of the flower-stem often separated, only the lower ones with subulate tips: Ee loosely and sparingly bran is the pe zigzag: racemes mostly 1-flowered, spreading: petals pink, 3-4 em. long: capsule 4-6 em. long. (T. utriculata (Chap m. F1] —Hammocks and cypress- swamps, 8 Fla.—(W. I., C. A., 272 BROMELIACEAE CATOPSIS Griseb. Plants resembling Tillandsiae in habit, also epi- d. Flow phytic, but inflorescence inconspicuously bracted. wers small and incon- spicuous: corolla white. Style short or wanting. Capsule die —About 10 species, natives of tropieal and subtropical Ameriea.—All year.—AIR-PLANTS. Petals oa than the sepals: capsule slightly longer than the 1. C. Berteroniana. Petals ‘longer than the sepals: capsule fully twice as long as the sepals. 2. C. nutans. 1. C. Berteroniana (Schult.) Mez. Plant yellow: blades of the basal 1 es nar- rowed to the apex: a m long: sepals 11-13 lon ns ee 12-13 mm. long, ib ui. pointed. m mocks, S pen. Fla. and the E s (W. I.) 2. C. nutans Br Griseb. Plant green: blades of the basal leaves rather ab- ruptly samowed. TUM lon ps slender tips: bracts 4—5 long: sepals 5-6 mm. long: eid. 11-13 mm. long, attenuate. a cks, S pen. Fla.—(W. LI. 5. GUZMANNIA R. & P. Plants resembling species of Tillandsia, but with the blades of the basal leaves less attenuate, the sides above the dilated e abruptly and petals, partially united. Anthers coherent around the stigma. Capsule elongate —Five species, natives of trop- ical America. 1. G. monostachya (L.) Rusby. eee tall: leaves bright-green recurvi i ut: brae as longer: calyx firm, 12-15 mm. long: ia oo oblong or an shorter than ube: capsule becoming 3-3.5 . long.—Hammocks, Everglade Keys, Fla ——(W. I., C. A., 8. 4. )— The for m with variegated leaves has been intro- uced into cultivation. The white corolla are in stro ong eontrast to the ver- milion bracts which, however, in age Dou. green striate ANANAS Ada — rg with stout scape-like stems. mainly basal: blades narrow and elongate, spiny-edged. Flowers in a terminal leafy-bracted spike, "i lower part of which, both ovaries and bracts, ripens into an rene juicy cone-like fruit.—Five or 6 species, natives of tropieal Americ MELANTHIACEAE 1. A. Ananas (L.) Lyons. Leaves. 35- 50, crowded, 1-2 m. long, the marginal spines ked: stem erect: corolla white 1—4 dm. long, fragrant.—(PINE-APPLE. ) —Pinelands and cultivated grounds, S 11a. As of trop. Am. and cult.—(W. I., , €. A., 8. A, 0. W.)—À tropieal s ae of the first order; in many a pos s pla: s not reproduce iaa eeds our area, originating f slips? Pd way n the area where it is eal ea may ndum: be found. Orper LILIALES — LILIAL ORDER Herbs, eommonly fleshy or grass-like, or vines or trees. Leaves with narrow or dilated blades, sometimes scale-like or terete. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, complete, mostly regular. Perianth of 3-6 mem- bers which are usually in e into ealyx and corolla, sometimes partly united. Androecium of stamens. Gynoecium 3-earpellary or rarely 2-earpellary. Ovary Proc or essentially so. Fruit eapsular or baccate. Styles present, distinct or united: stigmas terminal. Styles ace capsule septicidal and rarely also loculicidal Fam. 1. MELANTHIACEAE. Styles. Bare often very "short or obsolete during nthesis : capsule primarily loculicidal. Sepals E petals chaffy, persistent, sometimes on arc marcesce Perianth firm and persistent: flowers in va- riously disposed clusters: stigmas elongate. Fam. 2. JUNCACEAE. P a h marcescent: flowers in a termin e-like panicle: sti gmas minute. Fam. 3. NARTHECIACEAE. Sepals And. petals not chaffy, deciduous. Her Rus with bulbs, rd z T de s with bulbs o itane in umbel: bee “first included in a. a aa. y a scarious am. 4. ALLIACEAE. Flowers solitary or racemose, without volu Fam. 5. LILIACEAE. Plants math onal rootstocks. Fam. 6. Co gar cn DICHA: Herbaceous or shrubby n with stout, often woody eau dior r tree Fleshy de style filiform: deat- blades spiny-to Fam. 7. ALOACEAE. Fibrous Dinas: “style short and stout, or obsolete mn E anthesis: leaf-blades ‘not sniny-toot am. 8. DRACAENACEAE. Styles wanting: ene introrse, sometimes elongated. Flowers perfec Gynoecium 3 -carpellary : fruit a berry Fam. 9. TRILLIACEAE. E 2- en fruit a Candle Fam.10. ROXBURGHIACEAE. Fam.11. SMILACACEAE. Flowers dioeci Faminy 1. MELANTHIACEAE—BuNCH-FLOWER FAMILY ennial herbs with long or short rootstocks. Leaves d iei aps all basal: blades flat or plieate. Flowers borne in a imple or branched inflorescence, or solitary. Perianth of 3 em and 3 petals. Androecium of 6, or rarely 9-12 stamens. Gynoecium 3-car- 18 | 274 MELANTHIACEAE pellary: styles distinct. Fruit capsular, septicidal and rarely also loculi- eidal.—About 40 genera and 150 species, of wide geographic distribution. Anthers oblong or ovoid, 2-celled. Anther-sacs introrsely dehiscent. Anther-sacs extrorsely dehiscent. Tribe II. HELONIEAE. Anthers CE ed dere E sometimes becoming peltate, conflue : Sepals and arate Ria dess Tribe III. VERATREAE. Sepals and petals with glands at or near the base. Tribe IV. MELANTHIEAE. TOFIE prac ae flowers uen b 3 ee Gee: sta- S 6: anthers er Flowers in CERERI GPS d nemen seeds unappendaged. Flowers in centrifugal panicles: seeds appendaged. Bracts spathe-like : bractlets wanting: stamens 9-12: anthers versatile. I qud ne Flowers perfect: sepals and petals ovate or oblon Ca pu not depressed, 6-seeded, 2 seeds to each cavity : fiowers long-pedicelled : leaves slender and w Capsule ‘depressed, many-seeded : oe net pedicelled: leaves with flat bl ades and flesh Flowers dioecious : E and petals E aie spatulate. III. VERATREAE AE panieulate: flowers polygamous or monoecious. Ovary wholly superior: styles MEE petals obtuse. vary inferi ior “A DE base: styles very short and stout: Inflorescence rac oe or spicate: flowers perfec arpels united to near the tips: sepals and Dci narrow : laments lon Deer r than the petals: capsule with narrow erect carpe Carpels uned below the middle: sepals and petals broad: filaments shorter than the petals: eapsule with turgid spreading carpels. IV. e Sepals and petals with a single gland e Flowers polygamous : rootstock fibrous- Coated. Flowers eee rootstock membra s-coated. Flow in an ovoid or cylindric raceme: perianth ai nds obovate or suborbicular Ovary wholly superior: capsule PT or ellipsoid. Ovary inferior at the base: capsule conic. Flowers in a widely Dranchins panicle: perianth- lands obcordate. Sepals and petals with 2 glands each. e my clawed: flowers perfect: seeds angled: plant gla Petals long-clawed : flowers polygamous: seeds winged: Fa escent. TOFIELDIA Huds. Herbs with 2e foliage. Leaves nearly erect. Flowers perfect, racemose. Petals longer and more concave than the sepals.— About 12 species, mostly natives of the north temperate zone. 1. T. glabra Nutt. Plant 3-6 dm. tall: eum M — ses e bates raceme 2-10 cm. long: pe 2 els duos d pd ng, 2.5—3.5 ae ane als white, acute: capsule 3- 3.5 5 mm. long.— ( WHITE- FEATHERLING. )—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. C.—Fal Tribe I, TOFIELDIEAE. 1. TOFIELDIA. 2. TRIANTHA. 3. PLEEA. 4, XEROPHYLLUM. . HELO MIU M. 7. VERATRUM. 8. STENANTHIUM. 9. SCHOENOCAULON. 10. CHROSPERMA. 11. OCEANOROS. 12. TOXICOSCORDION. 1 3. TRACYANTHUS. 14. ANTICLEA. 15. ZYGADENUS. 16. MELANTHIUM. MELANTHIACEAE 275 2. TRIANTHA Nutt. Herbs with pubescent foliage. Leaves erect or nearly so. Flowers perfect, paniculate. Petals greenish-white, longer and slightly narrower than the sepals.—Three known species, besides the following, one in Japan.—WOOD-FEATHERLING. Petals oblong, permanently membranous: capsule 6- E mm. long. 1. T. glutinosa. Petals cuneate, becoming rigid: capsule 3- 4 mm. lon 2. T. racemosa. 1. T. glutinosa (Michx.) Baker. Plant 5 m. tall: basal leaves with elon- gate linear blades: panicl long; pedicels 3-10 mm. 1 tals ong: pe . long, much shorter than the capsule.—Bogs and moist ground, Blue Ridge and more northern arate N. C. ium pro Ore. Alas, Ont, and Me. 2. 7. racemosa (Walt) Small Plant simila. to the preceding in foliage and abit: panicles 2-10 em. long; pedicels . long: petals 4-5 mm. lon Na slightly shorter than the capsule. LTofieldia pubens ran Deok pinelands, in . J.—Spr.— acid soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. 3. PLEEA Michx. ane rush-like herbs. Leaves few, erect or nearly so, striate. Flow in a terminal ra- ceme with Misi S qu imbricate spathe-like bracts, green. Sepals slightly longer than the petals.—One species. . P. tenuifolia Miehx. Plant 3-8 dm. tall: basal leaves with eu id n striate Piin. blades: racem der, 3-9-flowered; bracts 1.5-2 c EE acuminat e: sepa als and petals 12-14 mm. e ~ s firn: fe ink 6-9 long.— ( RUSH-FEATHERL Pineland swamps, Coastal Plain, Te to C.—Fall. 4, XEROPHYLLUM Michx. Stout rigid herbs. Leaves very numerous at the base of the stem, spreading. Flowers perfect, in a raceme-like panicle, white, each subtended’ by 1-3 narrow branchlets. Sepals and petals broad, r Three known species; besides the follow- ing 2 occur in western North America. 1. X. asphodeloides (L.) Nutt. Plant 6-15 dm. tall: leaf- blades slenderly at- iff icl tenuate, sti wiry: panicle stout, many-flowered ; AA 1.5-2 em. long; petals ovate, about mm. long, ob- tuse: capsule ovoid, a mm. long.— ( TURKEY-BEARD. MOUNTAIN- ASPHODEL.) 276 MELANTHIACEAE —Sandy acid pinelands, Coastal Plain, N. C. (or Fla.?) to N. J.; pe woods, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, N. C., to Tenn. and Va.—Sp r- 5. HELONIAS L. Stout caulescent herbs. Leaves several or numerous and persistent at the base of the stem, those on the stem much reduced. Flow- ers perfect, in a dense terminal racem Sepals and petals narrowly oblong, i veined. Ovary spheroidal. vules nu merous in each carpel. Capsule lobed. —Following is the only known species: 1. H. o L. Plant 1.5-6 dm. tall: basal lea 12—40 cm. long; blades OD Seele "to spatulate: raceme. becom- ing 9-20 cm. long: sepals and MAD i l lo bogs, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Va. (?) or Del. to Staten Id., N. Y.; and acid woods, Blue Ridge, N. C.—Sp P Be hyacinth- -scented. 6. CHAMAELIRIUM Willd. Fleshy caulescent herbs. Leaves rela- tively ae the cauline much narrower than the basal. Flowers dioecious, in a brac spike or raceme. Sepals an aie clavate-spatulate, those of the iua flowers much longer than those of the pistilate, all l-nerved. Ovules 6—12 in each eavity.—Following are the only eee E pes m.—BLAZING-STARS. DEVIL’S-BITS. SQUIRREL-TAILS. Capsule ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 7-10 mm. long. 1. C. luteum. Capsule obovoid or ellipsoid-obovoid, 12-14 mm. long 2. C. obovale 1. C. d (L.) A. Gray. Stem 2-12 dm. tall, simple: basal leaves ee ; blades dut to oblong-spatulate, 1st ows, and pinelands, various Provinces Fla. to Ark., Mich., Ont., and Mas 2. C. obovale Small. Similar to C. luteum, flow but with CD) ers: capsule longer- Cee 2-14 mm. long. B Ap- hian provinces, Ala. N. C, a "Ya. and N. Y. 7. VERATRUM [Tourn.] L. Coarse herbs. Leaves mainly cauline: blades broad, — Flowers polygamous or monoecious, paniculate, the pan- icle-branches Rs ent. Sepals E: is glandes, dii , yellow, brown, or purple, i larger than t ormer. Capsule narrow. Seeds winged —About 12 species, natives of P» Men temperate iei MN FALSE HELLEBORES. MELANTHIACEAE 277 Upper stem-leaves sessile or merely claspin Pedicels more than twice as long as the PRubtending bracts. 1. V. parviflorum. Pedicels shorter than the subtending bracts or barely twice as long. E V. intermedium. Upper stem-leaves with sheathing bases. . V. viride. V. parvifiorum Miehx. Stem 6-15 dm en leaf-blades phe pu iin of oval: panicle-branches spreading: sepals green- ish € I E n: ] 5.5 ong.— (HELLEB epica. Bones "Blue Ridge to circ hian Pla- teau, Ga. to Tenn., Va. and Va ~Sum. 2. V. intermedium Chapm. Stem 9-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades A EA dd pan- E pue ascendin ving up- ard: sepals and petals bw Qm 8— 10 mm. fone. —Hammocks, M Fla.- —Sum. 3. V. viride Ait. Stem 6—25 dm. tall: leaf-blades oval, or narrower on the upper n of the stem: panicle-branches ascending: sepa als and petals yellow- ish-gr tals 1 LE- i ER Ga. to Minn. and N. B.—Spr.- —An insecticide is made from the pow- dered dried roots. Large dtm of is are gathered in the Appa- lachians. 8. STENANTHIUM Kunth. Graceful caulescent herbs. Leaves mainly basal: blades elongate, channeled. Flowers polygamous or monoecious, panicu- late, the panicle-branches glabrous. Sepals and petals white, pinkish, or green, glandless. Seeds angled.—Following are the only known species.—Sum.—fall. —FEATHERBELLS. FEATHER-FLEECES. Perianth white: capsule deflexed, about 8 mm. long. 1. S. gramineum. Perianth green: capsule erect, fully 10 mm. long. 2. S. robustum. 1. S. gramineum (Ker.) Morong. Ste 8-15 dm. tall, slender: blades of the m long, deflexed.—Dry acid cd and hill- sides, various provinees, to Miss., Ky., and Va. 2. S. robustum S. Wats. Stem 10-20 leaves over 10 . wide: icle plume like: petals of the pistillate flowers 7-8 mm. long: capsule fully 10 mm. long, erect —Acid s swamps, various provinces, G. S. to Ark., Ohio, and Pa. SCHOENOCAULON A. Gray. Slender scapose herbs. Leaves basal: I: channeled. Scape simple. Flowers perfect, in slender spikes or 278 MELANTHIACEAE spike-like racemes. Sepals and pou green, linear, elliptic, or lanceolate, shorter than the filaments. vules in each cavity. Capsule of conic type.—Five known species in North America 1. S. dubium (Mich.) Small. Scape 9 dm. tall, E 1 a Duos eaves green; bla ides wide 6-8 mm. wide; pets pon P. pointed: sepals and petals about 2 mm . long, the herbaceous tips often a i ts 2-3 mm. long: cap- long. s EON, ca ) — Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. = pre 10. CHROSPERMA Raf. Stout caulescent herbs. Leaves many at the base of the stem, few and small above; blades elongate, flat. Flowers perfect, thick raceme. — and sie m glandless. Carpels united bel the middle. Capsule with E m ae lobes.—-One species. i. C. muscaetoxicum ( Walt.) Kuntze. Stem 3—14 dm. tall, sparingly leafy: leaf- en linear: racemes 5-15 em. lo 8; bout 14 as thick: sepals oval or subor Beyer 3-3.5 mm. long: petals elliptie, 4—5 mm. long: capsu ule broader than high the ED turgid, 4-6 mm. long. [Ami- anthium muscaetoxicum A. ray CROW-POISON. FLY-POISON. ST. ELMOS- FEATHER.) iekets, acid ib. and pinelands, various m Fla. to Ark and N. Y.—Sum ery toxic alkaloid is -o in the foliage and the roots. Cattle are Fon poisoned by eati 11. OCEANOROS Small. Slender caulescent herbs, the rootstock fibrou upper ones not fruit-produe petals cream-colored or d s yellow, elawless, each with a pale gland. Seeds RATI few.—Following is the only known species: O. leimanthoides (A. Gray) Small. Stem 5-24 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear: 1 s and petals th nus levrmanthoides A. Gray |—Sandy a and acid sand-hill bogs, Coast Plain, Ga. to S La. and and N. J.; acid woods, Blue Ridge and 1 Appalachian provinces, Ala. to Va.—Sum. MELANTHIACEAE | 279 12. TOXICOSCORDION Rydb. Slender caulescent herbs, the rootstocks mbranous-coated. L inly basal: blades elongate. Flowers perfect, rela- tively few in a raceme or a panicle. pals an etals white or yellowish, sometimes clawed, each with a gland above the base. Seeds numerous.—About 7 species, natives of North America. 1. T. Nuttalli 2 Gray) Rydb. Stem 3-7 dm. tall: r leaves with sheath- m. long, the gland merging into the surrounding C HEARTS.)—Prairies, various provinces, Tenn. to Tex. and Kans.—Spr 13. Y HUS Small. Herbs similar to Tosicoscordion. Leaves mainly basal: blades elongate. Flowers perfect, numerous in a thick raceme. Sepals and petals white, pink, or purplish- nown species, the following, and one in Texas. 1. T. angustifolius (Michx.) Small. Stem 5-10 dm. tall, sparingly leafy: leaf- blades mn raceme cylindric, 5—10 m. long, about % as thick: sepals and petals pm 4-5 mm. long: cap- ? FEATHER.)—Moist pinelands, borders of swamps, Bad sand-hill bogs, Coastal Plain and oeeasionally adj. prov- inces, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr. 14. ANTICLEA Kunth. Herbs similar to Towicoscordion in habit. Flowe erfect, racemose or panieulate. Sepals and petals greenish or yel- Seeds numerous.—About 8 species, North American and Asiatic. 1. A. chlorantha (Richards.) Rydb ran tals somewhat spatulate, gland t w the middle, th blsad elliptie or nearly so, a cap- sule a ovoid, 1.5-2 long.— (WHI MAS.) — Rocky "places and E "Blue Ridge N. C. and various Pn s N. Y. to S. D., Sask., and N. B.—Sum. 280 MELANTHIACEAE 15. ZYGADENUS Michx. Glaucous caulescent herbs, with horizontal rootstocks. Leaves mainly basal: blades elongate. Flowers perfect, panicu- late. 8 angled.—Following is the only known species. 1. Z. glaberrimus Michx, Stem 5-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear: paniele- branches gpa sepals 11-15 mm. long, with ovat ute or acuminate blade a a pu elaw: petals about as long as the S E to dece] elliptic, clawless: capsule abou long.—Sandy m Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Va.—-Sum 16. MELANTHIUM L. — eaulescent herbs. Leaves ~- basal: blades linear or slightly dilated. Flowers monoecious or polygamous, panicu- late, the panicle-branches pubescent. pss als and petals white, cream-colored, or greenish, each with 2 glands above the Po Seeds winged. The genus comprises only the following species, —Sum.— BUNCH-FLOWERS Blades of the sepals and petals suborbicular reniform, often claws : leaf-blades manifestly broadest above the middle. 1. M. latifolium. rly so Panicle narrow, élongate, central axis much surpassing the ME flowers numerous: S barely twice as long f . e claws of the sepals and petal 2. M. virginicum. Panicle pre as broad as long, central axis not surpassing the branches: flowers few: blades fully thrice as ton the claws of the sepals and petals. 3. M. dispersum. l. M. es di Stem 5—12 dm. tall: leaf-blades broadened above the middle, acute minate: panicle 2— : dm. long: perianth whitish: sepals and i with dus nearly as long a a blades.—Swamp margins, m " Sw and woods, Piedmont and ad adj. |. provinces, $. C. to Pa. and Con 2. M rginicum L. Stem 7-17 dm. tall: Mes ME linear, attenuate: pan- icl 1l- lands, various provinces, N Fla. to Tex., Minn., and R. I.—The persistent perianth Tem ne red or brown. In the figur the Creed are partly pulled | hor the penus -elaw dispersum Small. Stem 9-20 dm. tall: leaf -blades 2 attenuate: long as the blades.—Woods, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Miss. an es 3. M. paniele very broad: perianth mnc sepals and petals with claws about 14 as N. C. JUNCACEAE 281 FaAwiLy 2. JUNCACEAE — Rusu FAMILY nnial or sometimes annual herbs, usually grass-like in habit. a Leaves with flat blades, or terete. Flowers scattered along the inflores- cence-bra or in dense heads. Perianth inconspicuous, whitish, green, yellowish, or brownish. Calyx of 3 chaff Is. Corolla of 3 petals nearly or quite similar to the sepals. Androeciu 6, or rarely or 5 stamens. Gynoecium 3-earpellary. Ovary 1-3-eelled. Fruit a loculi- cidal capsule, or opening irregularly. Seeds sometimes appen — Eight genera and about 300 species, of wide geographie distribution. Leaf-sheaths open: capsule 1- or 3-celled with axial or parietal pecu seeds many. UNCUS Leaf-sheaths closed’: capsule 1- celled with basal placentae: seeds 3. . 93 UNCOIDES. 1. JUNCUS [Tourn] L. Glabrous or merely scabrous herbs. Leaves terete or with flat but thick Dingen Braets subtending the flowers, mostly en- tire.—About 215 species, most abundant in the Northern Hemisphere.—Spr.— fall, or all year S.—RUSHES. Abs bract of the inflorescence terete, not markedly channeled, Pa appearing like continuation of the scape, the inflorescence thus appearin i: Aa 1. I. EFFUSI. Lower bract of the infloreseence not appearing like a continua- tion of the oe the inflorescence therefore usually appear- ing Forma Leaf-blades with their flat surface facing the stem, ie terete -or channeled, not provided with node-like sep Flowers bracteolate, borne singly on the inflorescence: branches, or someti imes clustered, but never capitate. II. BUFONII. Flowers not bracteolate, capitate on the inflorescence- branches. III. MARGINATI. T either terete and not flattened, or flattened or pressed, with the fiat aa not facing the stem, hollbw and provided wit Leaf-blades terete, the pith Bertorated with slender tubes: clusters of the inflorescence reduced to a single flower - a ABORTIVI. Leaf-blades either terete, hollow, and with node-like septa, ened or compressed or both: clusters of the in inflorescence few-many-flowered. Stamens 6, one facing each sepal and each petal. | V. ARTICULATI. Stamens 3, one facing each sepal. . ACUMINATI. 4 lam I. ErrFUS id ee borne singly on the phere of the in- e Stame ur» als and petals about as long as the capsule: rim AUN. or acuminate: capsule of an obovoid type. 1. J. effusus. Stamens 6: sepals and petals about 14 as long as the cap- sule: petals obtuse: capsule of an ovoid type. 2. J. gymnocarpus. Flowers not bracteolate, borne in heads on the branches of . the inflorescence. 3. J. Roemerianus. II. BUFONII Leaf-blades flat, but sometimes involute in drying so as to ap- ear terete. (See also J: dichotomus below.) Plant annual: inflorescence, exclusive of its ‘bracts, more than one- third bs AEIR of the plant: anthers shorter than the filam 4. J. bufonius. times in J. Coa. and the anthers then longer than oA filaments Inflorescence i-3-flowered: leaves with fimbriate au- . . ricles. 5. J. trifidus. aie several-many-flowered : leaves with entire ricles. Plant caulescent : sepals and petals obtuse. 6. J. Gerardi. Plant scapose : sepals and petals acute or acuminate. 282 JUNCACEAE Auricles at the summit of the leaf-sheath mem- ranous or scarious, whitish. Auricles membranous, scarcely scarious, rarely if at all DIOOnBen beyond the point of insertio Sepals and DA 2. ‘Be 4m long : capsule about as long as ie | perianth. Flowers and fruit conspicuously se- nd: perianth 2.5-3.5 mm. long: Sates longer than the filaments: ee shorter n the inflores- capsules o Flowers Cty pel mof at all secund : perianth long: anthers E than the 1 filaments : bracts DE the’ inflorescence: cap- ules AER ellipsoid or ellipsoid. Sepals and petals 4-6 mm. long: capsule shorter than a perian nih, Auricles scarious, ao prolonged beyond the point of inserti AC at the summit of "the e carti- aginous, yellow to yellow-brow Leaf- Ren terete, chanaeled along the upper s side. Lowest bract les SS than 4 times the length of the n pence: capsule ellipsoid or obovoid, with the ordinar dehiscence. Lowest d rarely less than 4 times the length of the in- ede : eapsule globose- overs: breaking up irregu- ariy 1 TA HI. MARGIN Stem floating, X SEDE or diffusely dico pira virens of a subulate t Stem erect or Hone So: capsule of an obovoid type. T n nth at least 144 longer than the capsule: anthers 'ellow. Perianth equalling or barely exceeding the capsule: an- - hers reddish- brow ro dur IV. ABORTIV ooo thick and woody: leaves rigid: eae compound, the slender branches diffuse: flowers scattered. V. ARTICULATI Leaf-blades divergent from the stem: sepals longer than the petals. VI. ACUMINATI Capsule truly subulate. Uppermost leaf-shea "s with an almost ROE blade, this seldom exceeding 1 or 2 cm. in lengt Uppermost a -sheath with a normal blade few to several em. i Stamens Yu long as the petals, the anthers exserted be- tween nine considerably shorter than the petals: anthers Leaf-blades flattened and usua with i incomplete septa: capsule markedly red the valves in de- ile eurved n rd in the middle, but united above Leaf- blades ore compressed, the septa complete: 2: D e beak pen the valves Separating through- i Scene, ae ellipsoid to linear- Tanceolate in outline, obtuse or E the apex, or sometimes mucronate, but not truly ate. Capsule one-half to two-thirds as long as the perianth. -] 12. J. bo 13. J. C2 15. J. 16. J. 17. J. -J 18. 19. 20. J. 22. J. 24. . d. d. n J. . Seeunaus. interior. georgianus. tenuis. Dudleyi. dichotomus. setaceus. repens. filipendulus. marginatus. aristulatus. abortivus. . Torreyi. megacephalus. 8cirpoides. polycephalus. validus. brachycarpus. JUNCACEAE 283 Capsule equalling uc perianth in length or exceeding it. Seed 0.7-2.5 mm. long, the body tapering at either end into a BIG tail of varying len m Plant rigid throughout : stem 2-4 m n diameter: sepals and petals spinescent: noite dark red, firm, exceeding the perianth by about ¥% their lengt 25. J. trigonocarpus. Plant with none of its parts unusually stiff or hard : stem 2r than 2 mm. in diameter, or the capsule d erted from the perianth by more than 6. J. canadensis. Seed 0. 35- O 55 mm. long, the body with a short, rather abrupt, papilla-like, usually dark-colored apicu- lation at either end. Capsule nearly ie the sion of the perianth, the two together 3.5-5 mm. lon 21. J. diffusissimus. SEDES equalling or STR HE mes about one-third ex- E x Et perianth, the two together 2-3.5 Perianth pe 2.5 mm. lon Larger basal leaf-blades with more than 40 septa: capsule green or straw-colored: late usually over 5 dm. tall. 28. J. robustus. us basal leaf-blades with less than 40 ae capsule dark-brown above at ma- 9, J. Elliottii. Perianth A 5-3.5 mm. long, or if less the cap- sule straw-colored at "dm. tall. and the r and mucronate, about as long as the peri- nt 0. J. acuminatus. Sepals “and petals 2-2.5 m lon capsul l linear-lanceolate in outline, pea dnd merely apie ec. about one-third exceed- . ing the peri 1. J. debilis. 1. J. effusus L. Scape 5-12 dm. tall, ibl near the t top: leaf-blades id lete, or mere acicular rudiments: inflore ce : flowers perfect: matu perianth 2.5-3 mm. long: sepals and Saal: lanceolate: capsule obovoid, readily haga rounded at the apex.—(RIcE- Sorr- H.)—Swamps and low grounds, various S U. S. and S —The scapes are E woven into zat for floor- covering. J. gymnocarpus Coville. Scape 3-8 tall: leaf-blades obsolete: flowers perfect: sepals ovate-lanceolate, apicu- late: petals ovate, pene use, 1.5-2 mm. long, Shorter than the sepals: ERN barely j i s; known only o ent.— Coastal Plain in W Fla. and on irn lachian plateau in E Pa. | J. Roemerianus Seheele. Seape 5—12 dm. tall: edi blades elongate: flow- ers mostly dioecious: sepals linear-lanceolate, 2.5—3.5 mm. long: iil linear- a o n the sepals: capsule longer than the sepals ua RUSH. H.) ackish marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla. N.C i growth of this dark-hued plant gives a = ont a to eI flats and salt-ma 4. J. bufonius L. Stem mostly less than 2 dm. tall: leaf-blades flat, or invo- lute on small plants: panicle diffuse: sepals elliptic- rds 4—6 mm. long, acuminate: petals linear-elliptie, obtuse, shorter sepals: stamens less than 3 as long as the perianth: capsule oblong.—Ro nn damp gr B and dried pools, various provinces, U. S. and S Can.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., $. A ) 284 JUNCACEAE 5. ifidus L. Stem 1-3 dm. be Rec blades rudimentary, except that of E single stem-leaf: per bract mbling the stem-leaf: sepals lanceolate, m. long, acute: petals elliptic, gee than the sepals: Ar obo pon Steno soil, Blue Ridge and more northern provinces. N. C. to N Can.(Q. 6. J. Gerardi Lois. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: ee blades elongate-linear: flowers pan p sepals cs oblong, 2.5—3 mm. long: petals narr A lanceolate, slightly shorter than the sepals, the midrib green: capsule BLACK-GRASS RUSH.)—-Salt meadows, Coastal Plain p Nev ew ; England Coast, Fla. to Me.; Great Lake Lowland, Ill. to Mich.—(0. W.) 7. J. secundus Beauv. aS ape 1—4 dm. tall: flowers Pe AE sepals becoming 3.5 mm. long: petals as longer than the sepals long as the e apsule.— ES muddy banks, and "dry es soil, E "Plain and adj. provinees, N. C. to Me. 8. J. interior Wiegand. Scapes 1-5 dm. tall, pale-green: flowers rather irreg- ularly borne on the inflorescence-branches and scattered: sepals becoming 4 mm. long: petals straw-colored, much shorter than the sepals, EE longer than the MM — Dry woods or prairies, various provinces, Miss. and Tenn. to Ariz., Wyo., and Ill. 9. J. georgianus ata Scapes 14 m tall: involueral braet shorter than e inflorescence: sepals becoming 5-6 mm. long: petals green, slightlv shorter han the sepals, much longer than the oblong Capsule: —Flat granite rocks, Pie dmont, Ga. to N. C. 10. J. tenuis Willd. n 2-9 dm. tall: auricles of the leaf-sheaths scarious: sepals lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, acuminate: petals slightly pud than the sepals, much longer co the ovoid or obovoid capsule: anthers much shorter than the filam ts.—(HEMP-RUSH. WIRE-GRASS RUSH.)— m ed paths, and roadsides, oe pua U. S. and S Can. Introd. in Eu. 11. J. Dudleyi Wiegand. Scape 3-10 dm. tall: auricles of the leaf- sheaths ori wena sepals 4-5 mm. long, lanceolate, becoming very firm: petals mens 6; ene s bs the filaments.—Hillsides and damp calcareous soil, various provinces, Tenn. to Tex., N. M., Wash., Sask., Ont., and Pa. — (Merz. ) 12. J. dichotomus Ell. e 2—9 dm. tall: e blades merely terete (flat in J. piii platyphyitus): Bee rere termin sepals narrowly Eu. 3—4 mm. long, becoming very rigid: petals Ren smaller than the sepals, 2 than the ellipsoid capsule.—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ind., and Mass inflorescence apparently lateral: sepals lanceolate, 3.5-5 mm. long, very rigid: petals ovate-lanceolate, much shorte ec the sepals, shorter than the globular- ovoid or spheroidal le. stamens 6.—Marshes and springy places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. I. : 14. J. repens Michx. Stem EA N EE 4-6 dm. long: leaf-blades 3-8 em g, cuminate at the : heads 1-8, icled, 5 ow sae he sep josie lanceolate, piss petals more attenuate than the n w 4— 6-1 long, much longer than the columnar capsule: ai ^» flabellata Desv.]—Streams, ponds, swamps, and ditches, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and Del—(W. I.) 15. J. filipendulus Buckl. Stem dm. tall: basal leaves about 1% as tall as the stem; blades 1-2.5 mm. wide: heads commonly 2 or 3, 4—7-flowered: sepals IN "CIV s a MN ——ÉÉ—————S——— slept RS JUNCACEAE 285 exped attenuate, 4—5.5 mm. long: petals similar to the sepals but ud longer, nearly twice as long as the narrowly obovo a M stamens 3.—L grounds perce provinces, Ala. to Tex., and Ten marginatus Rostk. Stem 1. = dm. tall, somewhat bulbous at the base: blades of the piis book es 1-3 mm e: heads relatively large, commonly 5—15 together: sepals o 0 ovate-lan dris e, 2.0-3 mm. long, acute: petals obovate or elliptic- er obtuse, i eae longer than the sepals, slightly longer than the obovoid pee sule: —Moist grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex ebr., Ont., ie 17.. J. aristulatus Michx. Stem 6-12 dm tall, markedly bulbous-thiekened at the base (from thick woody rootstocks in J. aristulatus biflorus) : blades of the . Basal leaves mainly 3-5 mm. wide: heads rela a small, 20-100: sepals 2-2.5 (mm. long, acute or bu as slightly mE. than the sepals, obtuse or d io ut as long as the obovoid capsule.—Moist soil or meadows, Coastal Plai | Pi edmont, and Great Lake Lowland, Fla. to Tex, Mich., and N. Y.— M 1 Mex M abortivus Chapm. ia em 3-6 dm. tall, pias a stout rootstock: leaf- blades o slighty a nodose: panicle-branches filifor sepals laneeolate, 1.5—2 m. long, à : petals slightly longer ma the sepals, obtuse, shorter than the conic - pond. -margins, Coastal Plain, M. Fla. to S. C. orreyi A Stem 2-10 dm. tall, from a slender rootstock: pn he Dum arid 1-2.5 mm. thick: heads * or rarely nn aggregated, s passed by the inv eal bract: sepals subulate, 4-5 mm. long: petals bes er than the sepals, ze dE capsule barely exceeding | the perianth, = beak 1-1.5 mm. lon a w grounds and ditches, various pr ovinces, Fla. to Tex., Sask., and Mas 20. J. megacephalus M. A. Curtis. Stem 3-10 dm. tall: pos blades rather stout, those of the stem-leaves relatively short: heads 8-12 mm. thick, 1—40, scattered: lowest involucral bract almost bladeless: sepals dre 3-3.5 mm long: petals shorter than the sepals, less attenuate: eapsule subulate, about as long as the sepals.—Wet sandy soil or swamps, usually calcareous, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Va. 21. J. scirpoides Lam. Stem 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades terete, 2-3 mm. ias the septa complete: heads globose, not lobed (or lo pi id sepals about 2 m long, and capsule about 2.5 mm. long in J. scirpoides us): sepals Pub late-lanceolate, about mm. dd petal slightly ite te ee ant sepals: cap- sule slender, mostly 4-5 m ong, thus much exceeding the perianth.—Riv anks, moist ET ecu e Sw D ‘Coastal Plain and Great Lake Lowland, Fla. to Tex., Ind., "eur 22. J. p Miehx. Stem mainly 8-il dm. tall: leaf-blades flat, 3-8 mm. broad, the septa incomplete: sepals lanceolate, 3—4 mm. lon ng: ‘petals slightly shorter and more attenuate: beak of the capsule a aea exserted~ —Ponds and dit e Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—The spongy leaves are evi- deu equitant. 23. J. validus ager Stem 4-10, dm. tall, compressed: leaf- blades p compressed, 2-4 mm. wide, aris complete: heads scattered: sepals subulate- lanceolate, 'attenuate, 3.5-5 mm. long: petals much shorter than the sepals: capsule subulate, mueh exe En. the. perianth — Sandy soil, Coastal Plain and Uca adj. provinces, Miss. to a ex. and Mo. 24. J. brachycarpus Engelm. Ste 2-9 da tall, terete: leaf-blades terete, 2 mm. thiek or less: heads scattered or xis solitary: sepals subulate-lanceolate, 286 JUNCACEAE long, attenuate: petals about 14 shorter than the sepals: capsule i slighty shorter than the petals.—Low grounds or sandy places, various provinces, Ga. to Ark., Ont., and Md trigonocarpus Steud. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, terete, or nearly so: blade nearly as thick as the stem: heads usually numerous and 2—4-flo ert sns lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long, acute: petals somewhat rue than the sepals: eapsule narrowly pyramidal, nearly twice as long as the sepals.—Sandy igi od in pinelands, Coastal Plain and Piedmo nt, Fla. to La. and S. C. 26. canadensis J. Gay. Stem 3-12 dm. tall: heads many-flowered, rather crowded sepals lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long: n longer than the sepals, tenuate, nearly as long as the stout capsule: capsule dd conie: seeds PA aied at each end.—Low grounds, various provinces, Ga. to La., Minn., and Newf. 27. J. diffusissimus Buckl. Stem 3-6 dm. tall: inflorescence with elongate widely spre see bane bu heads 3—12-flowered, scattered: e narrowly eiae cae 5-3.5 mm. long: petals nearly like the cu u long as the Sende capsule: “seeds abru uptly apiculate.—Low grounds, various provinces, Ga. Tex., Kans., and Ind. 28. J. oils (Engelm.) Coville. s 6—10 dm. tall: inflorescence with 300-500 heads: sepals subulate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long: petals nearly equal to the sepals: capsule generally slightly p d the 'sepals.—L ow grounds, Coastal Plain and Interior Provinces, La. to Tex., Kans., Ill., and Tenn. 29. J. Elliottii Chapm. Stem 2-8 dm : inflorescence sees 5-50 pm (100—200 heads in J. "Blliottá polyonthemas) sepals lanceolate, 2-2.5 1. long: iue slightly shorter than e sepals: ae exceeding p it ea (Boc-RUSH.)—Bogs and ditches, a Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. 30. acuminatus Michx. Stem dm. tall: heads generally 5—12-flowered: sepals lanceolate-subulate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: petals slightly shorter than the sepals: eapsule pe. equalling the s ono ovoid: seeds acute at both ends.— (KNOT-LEAVED RUSH.)—Moist soil, ditches, meadows, and stream-banks, various provinces, Ga. E Tex, Minn, n Me.; also in W N. A.— (Mer z.) 1. J. debilis A. Gray. Stem 2-4 dm. tall: heads generally 2—0-flowered: sepals he lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm. long: petals nearly equalling the E e dem exceeding the sepa als and petals. [J. acuminatus debilis gelm.]—Moi ie and wet sandy places, in acid soil, various provinces, Fla. * Miss, Ark., Mo. R. I. 2. JUNCOIDES Adans. Pubeseent herbs. Leaf-blades flat and relatively thin, or sometimes involute. Bracts subtending the flowers usually lacerate or dentieulate. Perianth greenish.—About 65 species, widely distributed.—Spr. S Peduncles Eu c by 1 or 2 flowers or by a cyme: capsule of an ovoid Filaments deltoid, one-third or one-fourth as long as the an- hers : peduncles with 1 or 2 flowers 1. J. saltuense. Filaments uon about as long as the anthers: peduncles cymose at the 2. J. carolinae. Penne icon deed "bo compact spikes: capsule of an obovoid SUIS and petals 3-4 mm. long: eapsule mueh surpassed by the perianth. 9. J. echinatum. Sepals and petals 2-2.5 mm. long: capsule surpassing the peri- anth or about equalling it in length. 4. J. bulbosum. 1. J. saltuense s nald) Small. Plants 1-4 dm stem-leaves 1.5-4.5 em. long: peduncles 1—2-flowered: sepals and petals "broadly lanceolate, E NARTHECIACEAE 287 ing 3-4 mm. long: filaments Be a a as long as the anthers: style longer than the stigmas: Eie ule 3.5—4.5 ong. — Woods, various provinces, "Qa. "ed Tenn. to Ore., Alas., Ont., and Newf. — (Asia.) 2. J. carolinae (S. Wats.) Kuntze. yen 1-3 dm. tall: leaf- ics flat, 3-9 m wide, ciliate, an ed on ee sur- aces, gland-like pr the blun tip: petals, 3.5—4 ong, "lanceolate: filaments noe a as ae as the anthers: style shorter than the stigmas: capsule ovoid, surpassing perianth. [J. pi- losum (Fl. SE. U. i —Woods, Blue D N. C. and T J. echinatum Small. Plant 2.5-5 dm."tall: the stem without ie at the E sepals and petals lanceolate, the tips soft: capsule 2.5- ng.— Woods and thickets, Piedmont to Sousa provinces, Ga. to Ala., p N. C. 4. J. bulbosum (Wood) Small. a 1—4 dm. tall, en stem arising from a ree of genta pm and petals ovate- lanceolate, t e tips firm: capsule inl 5-3 —Woods, thickets, and barrens, A provinees, Ga. to to "Tex, Kans., eer | MA. Family 3. NARTHECIACEAE — Boc-ASPHODEL FAMILY Perennial herbs with elongate rootstocks. Leaves alternate. Flow borne in an erect narrow e panicle. Perianth of 3 sepals Hie 3 nearly similar petals. Androecium of 6 stamens. P 3-carpel- .lary: styles united. Fruit ai loculicidal. One us. . ABAMA Adans. Rush-like caulescent herbs. Reaves mainly basal, erect and equitant, the blades very narrowly linear. Sepals and petals ob- seurely 3-veined, candles Five species, in the Northern Hemisphere.—Sum. Sepals and petals 6-7 mm. long: panicle lax, the flower- stalks very,slender, much longer than the bracts. . A. montana. Sepals and petals 4—5 mm. long: panicle compact, the flower- stalks stoutish, about as long as the bracts or eae So. 2. A. americana. A. montana Small. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, with remote very narrow leave panicle lax ; Frais stalks. pudo than the sepals: perianth yellow: anthers Du ully 1 ong lf a long as the "RS diera D ie, 8-10 l conic, mm. long, long-beaked.— (MOUNTAIN-ASPRODEL. ) — Swamps, Blue idge, N. C. 2. A. americana (Ker) Morong. Stem 3-6 dm. tal, with narrow leaves: panicle close; flower-stalks shorter than : : : : . one- third to MEA as long as the 10- 12 mm. ASPHODEL. )—Sandy p pine barioni, oastal Plain, S. c. o N. J. 288 ALLIACEAE Famity 4. ALLIACEAE — Onion Faminy Perennial herbs with coated bulbs or corms. Leaves basal or mainly sepals and 3 petals, persistent. od of 6 stam Gyno 3-carpellary. Ovary superior. Styles united. Fruit a TUE, Edd —About 20 genera and 360 species, widely distributed. bros or seeds 1 or 2 in each cavity: plant with an onion-like odor. D. a in each cavity: scape or stem accompanied by 1. ALLIUM. Ov Sir "i in each cavity : scape not accompanied by leaves. 2, VALIDALLIUM. Ovules or a several in each cavity: plant destitute of an onion-like odor. 3. NOTHOSCORDUM. 1. ALLIUM [Tourn.] L. Alliaceous herbs. Leaf-blades narrow, soft, flat, hollow or keeled. Perianth white, pink, or purple in our specie tamens with nearly equal filaments or pane oe —A bout a species of wide geographic distribution ON GAR pons with membranous-scaly outer coats. bel horizontal or nodding: plant scapose: sepals and petals very broad. erianth campanulate, mostly white or pink; sepals acute or abruptly pointed. 1. A. cernuum. pm ur oe mostly deep-purple; sepals obtuse p no 2. A. allegheniense. pni erect plant caulescent : sepals and petals relatively 3. A. vineale. Bulb with "übrousimatted outer coats. Flowers replaced, at least in part, by bulblet 4. A. canadense. Flowers neither replaced by, nor oce by bulblets. vary and capsule not crested : sepals and petals obtuse. Umbel opi; the pedicels elongate: petals over 4.5 mm. ne 5. A. microscordion. Umbel mpact or head-like, the pedicels short: petal E ese than 4.5 mm. long. 6. A. arenicola. Ovary and capsule crested: AE and petals acumi- nate. T. A. Cuthbertii. 1. A. cernuum o Scape 2-6 dm. tall, 2-edged: umbel nodding; pedicels becoming 2-3 cm. long: sepals acute: pons oval or broadly ovate, rounded or icd de at pa Mm 4.5—6 mm ong: eapsu — (WILD d ens Ly E hillsides and prairies, various provinces Coastal Plain, S. C. to Tex., Sc iu N. Y.—Sum 2. A. TED nde Small Scape 3—5 dm. tal, becoming 2-edged: umbel nodding: pedicels 1.5-2.6 em. long: sepals obtuse notched at the apex: pe (MO UNTAIN-RAMP.) —Cliffs and rocky soil, Blue Ridge to oe Plateau, Ga. to Tenn. and Va.—Sum A. e L. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: leaves terete: umbel erect, i flowers who oy o or "peti eee with bulblets: laa green, pink, o r purple: sepals narrowly ovate to elliptic-ovate, 4-5 mm. long: petals slightly longer than the pr e pons opposite the Pues with 2 lateral appendages.— ALLIACEAE 289 (FIELD-GARLIC. CROW-GARLIC. RAMP. mw meadows, and thickets, various provinees, Ga. to Ark., Mo., and N. H. of Eu. 4. A. canadense L. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: umbel erect, with most of the flowers replaced with. bulblets: perianth pink or white: sepals elliptic to elliptic-lanceo- late, 5-7 mm. long: pe poen lanceolate to lid -lanceolate, slightly longer than the sepals, acute or aeu Pa at ps S. filaments alternately na ae and shorter. {A, pui ile Mich A, tinuum Small]— WILD ONION. ROSE-LEEK.)— — thickets, meadows, and fields, various SA Fla. to Tex., Ont., and N. B.—Spr.—fal 5. A. pieni id eds Small Scape 2—5 dm. tall: umbel erect, simple: pedicels over 10 m stly 15-25 mm. long: perianth pink: sepals elliptic to elliptic- ovate or e PA A 4.5-7 mm. long, obtuse: petals mostly narrower than th , a ak Chapm. Not = .]—Sandy soil or hillsides, vari- ous provinces, W Fla. to Tex. and Nebr.— 6. A. are a Small. Scape 1-3 dm. tall: umbel erect: pedicels mostly less s 10 mm. long: r E EN not tubular: sepals ovate or elliptic- ovate, or ra a narrower, ong, delicate, or petals narrower than the sepals.—Sandy od. peer Plain, N Fla. to Tex. and Okla.—Spr 7. A. Cuthbertii Small. Scape 1.5-3.5 dm. tall: umbel erect: pedicels 2—2.5 e p P white: sepals narrowly lanceolate to linear- pan. 6-9 ong, long-acuminate: petals similar A the sepals: stamens alternately pus and smaller: anthers about 1.5 m . long: capsule Euer. err: TRIPED- GARLIC.)— Sandy woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Spr. 2. VALIDALLIUM Sm l Allia ceous herbs. Leaf-blades el Peri- anth white or pale. Stámens unequal, the filaments alternately subulate and lanceolate. — resented only by the fol- lowing species 1. V. tricoccum (Ait.) Small. erga blades ee to n etiptie 1- ong: scape 1—4 dm. mbel do eae Ee ath white: scio eli iptie, 5-7 mm. long, obtuse: petals oval, longer than the sepals, somewhat shorter than the filaments: capsule about 6 broad. EKS. AMP. Raw xis vao oid )— Rich woods and hillsides, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, a. N. B.—Sum.—The bulbs, be eing pleasantly flavored, are much Sede after by the natives p" rime mountains 3. NOTHOSCORDUM Kunth. Scapose herbs, resembling Allium, but not ht. Per odorous. Leaf-blades narrow, od straight ianth white, greenish, or yellow. Sepals and petals distinct. Pilsnents distinct, Seed s equal. Ovary glabrous.—About 12 species, mostly in tropical Ameriea.—Spr.—FAL GARLICS. GRACE-GARLICS. Leaf-blades narrow, mostly 1-3.5 mm. wide: ovary scarcely longer than thick: capsule subglobose. 1. N. bivalve. Leaf-blades broad, mostly 8-12 mm. wide: ovarv much longer than ick: eapsule obovoid. 2. N. fragrans. 19 290 LILIACEAE 1. N. bivalve (L.) Britton. Plant 1-4 dm. tall, the scape slender: leaf-blades mostly less than 4 mm. wide, few-veined: u als ea su ut 5 mm . long, not an. the as sub- orbicular.— —Sandy soil, open woods, rocky places, fields, and prairies, various .provinees, . Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and Va.—(Mez.) N. fragrans (Vent.) Kunth. Plant t 3-8 dm. tall, the pd stout: E eaf- crane mostly over 7 wide, many- ned: umbel im. ps flowered : hun an wd petals elliptic or d hepa tery above a narrowed base, 9-12 mm long: capsule obovoid, 8-10 mm. long, with a stout stipe-like base, the valves N elliptic. a roadsides, woods, and eult. grounds, Fla. to La. and S. C. Nat. of Africa.—(W. I., Mex.) Faminy 5. LILIACEAE — Liny Faminy Perennial mainly cau'eseent herbs. Leaves alternate to whorled, ometimes all basal: blades entire or essentially so. Flowers solitary or variously clustered. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of à petals, together with e sepals sometimes partially united into a tu ndroecium of stamens, the anthers distinct. Gynoecium of m earpels. Fruit a loculicidal eee .—About 100 genera and 1,000 species of wide geographic distribution BE dno petals distinct. ers not introrse: bulbs scaly or solid is Tribe I. LILIEAE. introrse: bulbs coated. Tribe II. SCILLEAE. Sepals and petals partly United: hes globose-urceolate, blue: anthers very Tribe III. MUSCARIEAE. Perianth funnelform, brownish-red or yellow: anthers elongate. ribe IV. HEMEROCALLIDEAE. I. LIL Anthers versatile: leaves several or many, ger seeds flat. 1. LILIUM. Anthers erect: leaves 2, basal: seeds globose. 2. ERYTHRONIUM. II. Sci Sepals and petals elongate: c of a oe — capsule not three-lobed at the Filaments not flattened : Dor nth blue or purple. 9. QUAMASIA. Filaments flattened : perianth greenish-white 4. ORNITHOGALUM. Sepals and petals short: anthers of an elliptic type: capsule prominently three-lobed at the apex 5. OXYTRIA. MUSCARI III. Small d ii herb with narrow leaf-blades und e race- 6. MUSCARI. IV. HEMEROCALLIDEA Large coarse herb with greatly elongate narrow NR and large flowers. ~] . HEMEROCALLIS. 1. LILIUM L. Tall caulescent herbs with scaly bulbs. Leaf-blades flat, relatively short. Perianth showy, red, orange, or yellow, more or less mottled with brown or black, the sepals, and petals, distinct. Filaments slightly adnate LILIACEAE 291 to the sepals and petals: anthers versatile.—A bout 45 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—Sum.—LILIES Flower or flowers erect: sepals and petals narrowed into claws. I. ERECTA. Flower or flowers horizontal or nodding: sepals and petals without II. NUTANTES. I. ERE Leaves erect or QUY so, all alternate: Senai and petals long-acumina Leaves spreading, some alternate: sepals and petals merely acute, or obtus 2. L. philadelphicum. E L. Catesbaei. iod finely roughened on the Heus and nerves be- ne : sepals and petals not recur Sepals “and petals erect, abruptly pointed : flowers hori- ntal 3. L. Grayi. Sepals and p spreading at the middle, acuminate : flowers noddin 4. L.canadense. Leaf-blades smooth : sepals and petals recurved. oliage green: leaf-blades broadest at or below the middle. 5. Foliage glaucous: leaf-blades broadest above the middle. 6. . Catesbaei Walt. Bulb-seales slender: stem 3-8 dm. tall: leaves alter- nate; blades linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, 3-12 em. long: erianth right-red: sepals 8-12 mm. long, with linear-lanceolate blades: petals with Lae oe blades: CDL de 1.5-2 e EE — (LEOPARD-LILY. | PINE-LIL Y.) — Pin lands and acid swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C. 2. L. philadelphicum L. Ste 3-9 dm. tall: leaves mainly whorled; blades 2 nar- rowly E to linear, 3-10 em. . long, with oblong, elliptic, h red: petals L. superbum ). L. ae ORE e [c] "d £e a ua a i -CUP : open woods, often in acid soil, Blue Ridge, IN. Cu ETE various provinces, Va. to Ont. and M 3. L. Grayi S. Wats. Stems 5-10 dm. tall: leaves mainly whorled; blades laneeolate to elliptic or elliptic. lanceolate, 4—12 em. long, rou ughened o on the edges and the nerves beneath; sepals and ‘petals mostly red, 3.5-4.5 em. long, c i ule acute or Sones pointed: cap 3—4 em. long. -LILY. ORANGE-BELL LILy.)—Acid meadows, dh Ridge to Appalachian d N. €. and Tenn. to Va. mud ause of its supposed rarity this species is sought by specialists in lily-eult Mount ea e e in the fall, distinguishing it from the tw follo E NR by the white. 4.. m 6-15 dm. tall: leaves mainly whorled; blades lan- ceolate to elliptic | or elliptic- -lanceolate, 5-15 em. long, acute or acuminate, roughened on margins and the veins beneath: flowers usually few: sepals and petals E or yellow, often variegated, usually spotted, ae 1. long, the upper portion spreading: capsule 3—5 c on LLO EL- W-B ILY Wet ar and m D various provinees, icd Coastal Plain, Ga. and W Fla. to Mo., Minn., Oe 5. L. superbum Stem Ns d tall: pp; mainly whorled ; boris pb elliptie- lanceolate, or nearly linear, 5-15 em. long, acuminate, smoo : flow usually many: sepals and RAE Du. re ed, or orange-yellow, u m De spotted, baci. m. long, epee from ei the middle: eapsule 3—5 em. long. rk., Minn., 292 LILIACEAE 6. L. carolinianum Michx. Stem 6-12 dm. tall: leaves scattered or partly whorled: blades obovate, e -obovate or oblanceolate, 3—12 cm. long, bruptly pointed or acuminate: flower usually solitary: ‘sepals and petals orange-red, purple- spotted, oa E M strongly recurved from the middle, ] T the midrib wi winged beneath: capsu —4.5 em. long.—(TURK’S-CAP LILY.)— Woods, often in soil, ‘Co a "Plain. Fla. to La. and N in the Appa- lachian provinces Va.—The large fragrant flowers of this species make it a very desirable subject for gardens, where however it is rarely seen. . ERYTHRONIUM L. Low herbs with deeply buried corms and sub. terranean stems. Leaves generally 2; blades dilated. Perianth white or col- ored, the sepals and petals distinct. Filaments nearly free: anthers erect.— About 12 species, all, except one, North American.— pr.—DoG-TOOTH VIOLETS, ADDER’S-TONGUES. LiLLETTE. LILIANS. TROUT-LILIES. Perianth white, pink, or purplish within: styles united to above the middle, topped by 3 spreading stigmas. 1. E. albidum. Perianth yellow within: styles wholly united: stigmas terminal 2. E.americanum. 1. E. albidum Nutt. Leaf-blades ellip- tic, 5-15 cm. long, often mottled: scape 1-3 dm. tall: sepals and petals white or pink, i suffused with rose-purple or albi red in idum coloratum), curved: stigmas ‘spreading ud recurved: capsule 1-2 e — (BLONDE-LILIAN.) —Moist Soil, su mods or hillsides, mu D Mire Coastal Plain, Ga. to La., Minn., Ont., and Md. 2. E. americanum Ker. ao blades el- liptie, 10-15 em. long, commonly mot- tled: scape 1-3 dm. ie a vind and petals green or gree sen bu el- low within or rarely par red, '8- 3.5 em. long, ddr stigmas erect: capsule 1-1.5 cm. long, defe on the ground.—(AMB E ce banks and swamps, Bares E nce; Fla. to. Ark., Ont., and N —Rare south- ard. 3. QUAMASIA Raf. Seapose succulent herbs with coated edible bulbs. Leaf-blades narrow, elongate. Raceme with narrow bracts. Sepals and petals blue or purple, distinct. Filaments fili- for Anthers versatile. EUM longer than. the ovary. Ovules numerous in each carpel.—Four species, N orth Amer- ican 1. Q.hyacinthina (Raf.) Britton. Bulbs scape 3 m. tall: raceme 8 ng in anthesis: peri blue, or rarely white: sepal d petals m long: capsule 9-1 de. [Camas- Thickets and meadows, various provinces, ane Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Minn., LILIACEAE 293 and P id r.—Plants often become very abundant in abandoned fields and n fe ws where the mass-effect of the delicate sky-blue flowers is ex- m rd ae 4. ORNITHOGALUM [Tourn.] L. Seapose succulent herbs with coated bulbs. Leaf-blades narrow, elongate. Corymb or raceme bracted. Sepals and petals white or dirae d l nearly equal. Filaments flat n- thers versatile. tyle sho did Gas the les gs or numerous in Bc carpel.—About 75 a natives of Europe, Asia, aa Afri 1. O. um L. Scape 1-3.5 dm. tall: pes “blades usually pater, E near the midrib, 2-5 cm anthers oblon .-OF- BETHL NAP-AT-NOON. | SUMMER-SNOWFLAK » fields, and roadsides, various 00 provinces, = . €. to Miss., Ohio, and N. H.—Nat. of Eu.—Spr.—Locally becom- ing a ba 5. OXYTRIA Raf. Scapose rather wiry herbs, with bulb-like corms. Leaf-blades elongate and very narrow. Raceme or panicle with short bracts. Sepals, and petals, white or ~ distinct. [Schoenolirion Torr.]—Four species, natives of North Amer Perianth bright-yellow : bracts obtus 1. O. crocea. Perianth white or greenish-white : Boots acute or acuminate. D cene mostly simple: bracts acute: seeds 2 mm. lon 2, 0. Raceme mostly panicled : bracts acuminate: seeds 4 mm. long. 3. O. albifiora. O. crocea (Michx.) Raf. aa blades 2—4 mm. wide: scape 3-4.5 dm. tall: rig e - : g e Es than the subulate filaments: capsule 4—5 ; d A. Gray] (SUNNY BELL.)— — Sandy soil and swamps, Coastal Plain and Ere Fla. to La. and Ga. 2. O. texana (Scheele) ever ae dm blades 3-8 mm. wi tall: raceme simple: sepals nd pte: greenish-white, 4.5-5.5 ong, much longer than the ae er ann mb: cap- sule 3-4 mm. wide.—Wet places, ee my and adj. P s La. and W Ten 3. O. albiflora (Raf.) Pollard. Leaf-blades 2-6 mm. wide: scape 4-6.5 dm tall: raceme branched: sepals and petals white, 5-6 mm. long: capsule 5-6 294 CONVALLARIACEAE vide. [S. Elliottii Feay.]—-(WHITE-SUNNYBELL.)—Low pinelands and end mM Coastal Plain and rarely adj. di a Ala., and Ga. 6. MUSCARI [Tourn.] Mill. Scapose succulent herbs with coated bulbs. eaf-blades elongate, channeled. Racemes dense, inconspicuously bracted. ere globular to urceolate, commonly deep-blue. Filaments adnate to the cme -tube e; to near the anthers. nthers nearly as wide as long. -Ovules 2 eae arpel. Capsules 3-angled or 3-winged.—About 40 species, most Sms: in pu Mediterranean region.—GRAPE-HYACINTHS. BLUE-BOTTLES. Perianth eylindric-urceolate: anthers borne alternately high and low on the perianth. 1. M. botr P Perianth globular-urceolate: anthers borne evenly on the perianth. 2. M.racemosu 1. M. botryoides (L.) Mill Plants 8-25 em. tall: leaves erect; blades mostly 6-8 mm. wide: hene mos tly 2.5-4 m. long; lobes as long as wide, about equal: style ous than Xn ovary.— Rather common, about gardens and in meadows, E U. S. Nat. of Eu. 2. M. racemosum (L.) Mill. Plants 11- 28 em. tall: leaves recurved; blades mostly 2-4 mm. wi nt m ia 4.5— long; lo broader than long, unequal: sty out as long a a the ovary. Woods, mot and rl gardens, various p N C. Miss., Md., and N. Y. Nat. of Eu. and pr. 7. HEMEROCALLIS L. Acaulescent herbs, with thickened coated bulbs. Leaf-blades elongate-linear. Perianth yellow or orange, funnelform, the lobes broad, longer than the tube. Fila- ments adnate to the perianth-tube. Style elongate. Capsule somewhat elongate. —About 6 e) natives of Eurasia. —DAY-LILIE 1. H. fulva L. Plant 1-2 m. tall: leaf- e cent near the margins inoluts, crisped: capsule id d,. 4-6 em. long.—(TAwNv DAY- Y.)—Meadows, roadsides, and thick- B various provinces, C. to Pi Ont. and N. B. N . of de Sum.—A vigorous colonizer, and often a weed, erowding out native vegetation in meadows, and on banks and edges of woods. Famity 6. CONVALLARIACEAE — Iu DE FAMILY Perennial herbs, with rootstocks. Leaves alternate, sometimes all basal, dena seale-like.. Flowers in a terminal cluster, raceme, or ec CONVALLARIACEAE 205 panicle, or axillary. Calyx of 2 or 3 sepals. Corolla of 2 or 3 petals, oe ne the im VNDE partially united. Androecium of 4 o 6 stam Gynoecium of 2 or 3 united earpels. Fruit a berry or rarely a erre bom eapsule — About 25 genera and 220 species, widely dis- tributed. Sepals, and petals, distinct or essentially so. Fruit baccate. Flowers axillary: leaves scale-like: branchlets l proliferous. Tribe I. ASPARAGEAE. pos termin al: leaves, or most of them, not cale-like : plants not proliferously branched. Tribe II. STREPTOPEAE. Fr a 'apsule. Tribe III. UVULARIEAE. Sepals, and petals, partly united into a tube. Flowers axillary: : anthers sagittate. Tribe IV. POLYXGONATEAE. Flowers in a inal raceme or panicle. Perianth campanulate: fruit a berry. Tribe V. CONVALLARIEAE. Meier tubular, the lobes recurved: fruit a l capsule. Tribe VI. SANSEVIERIEAE. ASPARAGEAE serra with a short scaly eet ond very much-branched : flowers, and berries, small 1. ASPARAGUS. II. STREPTOPEAE Flowers in umbels or umbel-like cymes: leaves apparently basal. Flowers in a terminal umbel : ovules 2 in each ovary-cavity. 2. XENIATRUM. Flowers in a simple or compound umbel-like cyme: ovules or more in each ovary-cavity. 8. CLINTONIA. Flowers in racemes or panicles, or solitary: leaves cauline. Flowers in a terminal raceme or panicle. po E petals 3 each: SCORE 6: gynoecium 3-car- 4. VAGNERA. S. end petals 2 each: stamens 4: gynogeium 2-car- pe ellary. 5. UNIFOLIUM. Flowers in extra-axillary clusters or solit Peduncles ae attered along the Oe filaments di- lated: rs acute. Anthers 2o stigmas 3. 6. STREPTOPUS. Anthers Seite: pede p united. 7. TORTIPES. Peduncles at the ends of the branches: filaments slen- der: anthers od se. 8. DISPORUM. III. UVULARIEAE Sepals and petals with 2 ridges on either side of a deep nec- ary: eapsule obovoid or turbinate, 3-lobed. 9. UVULARIA. bg: and petals without ridges or nectary: capsule elliptic oval, 3-winged. ` 10. OAKESIELLA. IV. POLYGONATEA Epi herbs with thick scarred rootstocks: doses soli- r few in clusters, nodding. 11. POLYGONATUM. , nu asi Seapose herbs with slender rootstocks: flowers in a terminal ceme on a scape arising between the erect leaves, nodding. 12. CONVALLARIA. VI. SANSEVIERIEAE Coarse plants with elongate rootstocks : es erect or nearly 80, fleshy-fibrous : flowers erect or ascending. 13. CORDYLINE. 1. ASPARAGUS [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs, the branches plume- -like on account- of the minute branchlets clustered in the axils of the scales. Leaves 296 CONVALLARIACEAE scale-like. Flowers mainly solitary in the axils, nodding. Perianth white or yellowish. Berry nodding.—About 100 species, natives of the Old World. 1. A. officinalis L. Stem at first scaly and succulent, becoming sl d firmer, 4-20 dm. tall: sepals and petals mm. long, linear or nearly so, the latter ged pod the former: berries diameter.— (ASPARA- GUS. )—Thickets pend roadsides, and gardens, various provinces, Fla. to x Tenn., an of Eu.—Spr.-sum.—The occurrence of this esculent outside of vegetable gardens is due mostly to the agency of birds which are fond of eating the fruits | 2. IATRUM Salisb. Short-stemmed herbs, the scape unbranched. Leaves mainly 2 or 3. Flowers erect, in a terminal umbel. Filaments slightly dilated below. Ovules 2 in each ovary- vity. an erect or spreading.— oe spec 1. X. umbelluatum (Michx.) Small. Leaf- eae ai or big odds cape as long as ong, c the leaves or p Sube nr 5—15-flowered: sepals and Pen. white, a ed with green and purple dots, elliptie or oval, 5-8 mm. long: berry zu ular, 5—7 mm. in diameter, black. [Clintonia umbellulata Torr. ae e aca AMORETTE. SPECKLED ‘WOOD - LILY.) — Woods and hillsides, Blue A pe Ap- palachian provinces, Ga. to N. Y . CLINTONTA Raf. Short-stemmed herbs, the scape unbranched. Leaves 2 or 3. Flowers in simple or eon M umbel-like cymes, the cymes sometimes reduced to 1 or 2 flowers. ules ing.—About. 4 species, natives of North America and Asia. 1. C. borealis (Ait.) Raf. ncs elliptie or oval, 1-3 dm. long: mm. in diameter, bright-blue.— (BALSAM na LUE-BEAD LILY. YELLOW = Y.)—Deep woods and swamps, ofte acid soil, Blue » Ridge and more oe provinces, N. C. to Minn., and Newf. —Spr. CONVALLARIACEAE 297 4. VAGNERA Adans. Herbs with simple stems arising from short root- stocks. Leaves several. Flowers in a terminal raceme or panicle. Sepals and petals of a linear, lanceolate, or elliptic type. Filaments dilated or inflated. Stigma obscurely 3-lobed or nearly entire. Ovules 2 in each ovary- -eavity. id spreading.—About 25 species, natives of North Ameriea and Asia.— —WI ILD- -"SPIKENARDS. SOLOMON'S-FEATHERS. SOLOMON'S-PLUMES. Sepals and n broadly linear: filaments inflated, about as long as the peria 1. V.racemosa. i and petale narrowly linear: filaments flat, twice as long s the porig anth. 2. V. australis. 1. V. racemosa (L.) Morong. Ste m 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic-lanceo- late or elliptic, 5-20 em. long, sessile nee 3—10 em. long, many-flowered: sepals and petals n 1.5-2 mm. lon berry globular, 4-6 long, E or spotted with purple. ‘Smilacina racemosa Desf. ious pro —The berries are edible. V. australis Rydb. Similar to a v- es, Ga. and Ala. S Perianth white a as in the preceding species. UNIFOLIUM Adans. Herbs with simple stems arising from slender rootstocks. Leaves few. Flowers in a terminal raceme. Filaments filiform subulate. Stigmas 2. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cavity. Berry spreading.— Two species, ae following and one in west- n North America and the Old World. 1. U. canadense (Desv.) Greene. Stem 5—15 em. tall: leaves 2 or 3; blades ovate to lanceolate, 2-8 cem. long, truncate or t HEART-LEAF SOLOMON’S-PLUME.)—Moist woods, thickets, and springy places, Blue cs N. C., and various provinces, Va. o S. D., Man., and Lab.—Spr. 6. STREPTOPUS Michx. Herbs with forking stems arising from short or elongate rootstocks. Perianth rose, purple, or purplish: sepals and petals . with recurved tips, not transversely veiny. Anthers sagittate, 2-horned at the 298 CONVALLARIACEAE apex. Stigmas 3. Ovules several in each ovary-cavity. Berry drooping.—Two or 3 speeies, widely distributed in the north temperate zone. 1. S. roseus Michx. Stems 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong to oblong-ova te or ovate, 5-12 cm. long, sage a id linear- Vire or nearly s long, acumin berries d edt or < oval- EM 10-19 mm. long.— (Ros SN : ROSE-BELLS. ROSE- MANDARIN.) —Woods, Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, Ga. to Mich., Ore., Alas, Ont, and Lab.—Spr.—sum. . TORTIPES Small. Herbs similar to Streptopus in habit. Leaves flimsy: blades not transversely veiny. Flowers solitary or 2 together, nodding, extra-axillary, terminal, the stalk sharply bent or spirally twisted near the middle. Perianth greenish or whitish: sepals and petals with recurved tips, the petals keeled. Anthers sagittate, entire at the apex. Stigmas united. Ovules many in each ovary-cavity. Berry drooping.—T'wo or 3 species in the north temperate zone. l. T. amplexifolius ( L.) Small. Stem 3-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic to ee lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5— ong, elasping: iei narrowly HERUM 9—12 mm. long: berry red, oval, T us exi- as., Ont., and Lab. 8. DISPORUM Salisb. Herbs with branching stems. Leaves firm in age, transversely veiny. Flowers nodding, on straight peduncles near the tips of the ranches. Perianth whitish, greenish, or yellowish, sometimes spotted: sepals and petals not recurved at the tip, transversely veiny. Anthers narrowly ellip- tie. Stigmas 3. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cavity. Berry drooping, mostly red. [Prosartes Don.]—About 15 species, natives of North Ameriea and Asia.— Spr.-sum.—FAIRY-BELLS. Sepals and petals yellowish, black-dotted : filaments 12-15 mm. ong. | 1. D. maculatum. Sepals and petals greenish, not dotted: filaments 5-7 mm. long. 2. D. lanuginosum. 1. D. maculatum (Buckl.) Britton. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate- lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, 3-6 cm. long: pedicels 5-12 mm. long: sepals and CONVALLARIACEAE 299 petals 15-20 mm. long, markedly diis the blades laneeolate: filaments over twice as ie as the anthers bius | lata Micehx.] — (NoDDING- -MAND = Woods, Blue Ridge to Appa xc Pla- teau, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., Ky., an i 2. D. lanuginosum (Michx.) Nichols. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong, base: pedicels 20-30 mm. long: sepals and petals 14-19 mm. long. scarcely din _linear- lanceolate: filaments less seeded, smooth. [P. lanuginosa Don.]— (YELLOW-MANDARIN. LE various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ark., Minn., and N. . UVULARIA L. Herbs with terete forking stems. Leaf-blades per- foliate, membranous, smooth-margined. Perianth mainly yellow. Sepals and petals acuminate. Anthers longer than the filaments. Ovary nearly globular or elongate. Seeds about %4 covered with the thin aril.—Represented by the following species, and possibly another in Ark.—BELLWORTS. STRAW-FLOWERS. Sepals and petals smooth within, mostly over 3 em. long: anthers 12-16 m mm. long: leaves pubescent benea 1. U. grandiflora. Sepals and petals eK within, mostly less than 2.5 em. long: f anthers 5-8 mm. long : leaves glaucous. 2, U. perfoliata. U. grandiflora J. E. Smith. Relatively ed than U. perfoliata: leaf-blades T due to elliptic-lanceolate: pedicels 10— 40 mm. long: anther-connectives blunt.— Rich poe and thiekets, various prov- us N of pi ES Plain, Ga. to Okla., d N. H. , Que., . perfoliata L. Stem 1-8 dm. leaf-blades elliptic or dy or slightly broadened upward, 3-6 cm. long: pedicels = long: anther-connectives acute 5 mm. capsule about 1 em. long.—( STRAW-BELL.) Rich woods and thickets, various p Fla. to Ark.(?), , and Que.—Spr. 10. OAKESIELLA Small. Herbs with angled forking stems. Leaf- blades sessile, leathery, scabrous-margined. Perianth yellow or greenish- yellow. Sepals and petals blunt. Anthers longer than the filaments. Ovary oblong. Seeds with a swollen spongy raphe.—fFour species, the following and one in New Jersey.—BELLWORTS. HAY-BELLS. MERRY-BELLS. COW-BELLS. des oi bractless: sepals and petals not attenuate: capsule dac and capsule not stipitate: plant puberulent. 1. O. puberula. . 300 CONVALLARIACEAE Ovary and capsule stipitate: plant glabrous. 2. O. sessilifolia. T stalk arene an adnate bract: sepals and petals attenu- capsule beake 3. O. floridana. Woods, inces, Ga. and Ala. to W. Va. and Va. O. sessilifolia (L.) Small. Stem 1-4 m tall: leaf-blades s 3-8 em. long, bs sepals and petals 1.5-2 em. long, .3 em. i na woods, and banks, various provinces, Ga. to Ark., Minn., and N. B.—Spr. tic, 3-8 em. long, thinnish sepals and p pee linear gu attenuate f [Uvu- _ il. POLYGONATUM [Tourn.] Mill. Herbs with jointed rootstocks and simple stems. Leaves spreading: blades sessile. Flowers 1 or few terminating axillary peduncles, drooping. Perianth white or greenish: lobes erect or nearly so. Filaments adnate to the middle of the perianth-tube or above it. Berry globular, blue or nearly black. Seeds flattened. [Salomonia Heist.]—About 20 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—Spr.—-SOLOMON ’S-SEALS. Filaments rough, adnate to the perianth-tube for about 34 its Je 1. P. biflorum. Filam ents smooth, adnate to the perianth-tube for about l6 its length. 2. P. commutatum. citi ace 4—10 bes beneath: pedicels commonly 2 florum (Walt.) Ell. Stem 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades oval, elliptic, or em. lon lowered id 8—12 . long: berr 6-8 m n diameter. Moist woods a banks, - aa provinces, Fla. to Tex., ., Ont., and N. B. P. commutatum (R. .) m. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, oval, or oval-ovate, 5— g, glabr pedieels usu- ally more than 2-flowered: perianth 10— ng: ber = i- soil, especially near streams, various provinces, Ga. to La., Utah, Man., Ont., and N. H. ALOACEAE 301 2. CONVALLARIA L. Herbs with slender rootstocks and simple scapes. Leaves erect; blades sheathing at the base. Flowers n nodding in a 1-sided raceme, Perianth white: lobes recurved. Filaments adnate to the lower part of the perianth-tube. Berry globular. Seed rounded.—One species. jalis L. Leaves 2 or 3 together; blades e celiptio 1-3 dm. long: scape 1.5— dm. tall: peria nth 5-7 mm. long: meter.—( LILY- THE-VALLEY. \— Woods S, sam in acid soil, Blue Ridge and Appalachian provinces, T ps 2 n W. Va. and Va.—Spr. = e plant t of the southern Ap- Mean mountains appears to - almost identieal with the European one, which is much eultivated and bomo e escapes. The native American plant usually has a shorter inflorescence, and has larger bracts and an oblate seed. ike the European n it also prefers a rather acid soil. e flowers are very fragrant. 13. CORDYLINE Adans. Succulent herbs with stout rootstocks. Leaves erect, flat or nearly terete. Flowers in narrow panicles, erect or ascending. Perianth white or greenish: lobes narrow, about as long as the cylindric tube. Cap- sule membranous. Seeds baecate. [Sanse- vieria Thunb. a 25 species, natives of Asia and Africa 1. C. guineensis (L.) B Leaves 4-10 s tall, usually ee po many-flowered: perianth-lobes linear linear- us 18 mm. long, curled ack. [S. guineensis Willd.]— —(AFRICAN E non mu) — Pinelands, ham- owever, it is freque with in localities remote from gardens. The leaves a the feathery ‘panicles arise from the ground often separately. The leaves furnish a strong fibe Faminy 7. ALOACEAE — Aror FAMILY oarse succulent or partly woody plants with a rootstocks and short caudices terminating in erect flowerin aves alternate, Style slender, elongate. Fruit 302 DRACAENACEAE a loculicidal capsule or sometimes baceate.—F our or five genera and 180 species, natives of the Old World. 1. ALOE L. orsa or partly shrubby or arborescent e with simple or branched eaudie Leaves succulent, often crowded, sometimes ina tiehous: blades entire or c cie . Flower-stalk eae in a den me, the flowers mostly oed Perianth mostly red or yellow. aum and petals partially united. Filaments free: anthers much shorter than the filaments. vules numero in pes ovary-eavity. Capsule un elongate. —About 75 species, mostly natives of Africa.— ALOES. 1. A. a L. Leaves clustered at the base M p? fowering stem and ulti- mately raised with the oie sessile; blades lanceolate, sometimes narrowly SO, ong, glaucous, curved, the mou Enc mostly 1-1.5 em. apart: flowering stem with broad scale trict: flowers Wi ce ng, imbricately crowded: Amm 7-33 mm. ealyx-lobes and i lobes broadly lin nag = linear-lanceolate, obtuse, longer than the tube.—(BITTER-ALOE ARBADOES-ALOE. BAMBOO.)— Sandy fields M oe A Florida Keys and S Tex. Nat. of i region.—( JF. I.)—Coloni of this succulent are very persistent on account of the plant’s great vitality. Its abundance on one of the Florida Keys has led to the naming of the island Bamboo Key. Used in medicine. Famity 8. DRACAENACHAE — Yucca FAMILY Shrubby plants or trees, with woody, ~ copiously leafy, caudices. io alternate: blade es narrow, firm or rigid, sometimes filif- erous on the margins. Flowers in racemes or siue. terminating scape- like stems. Calyx of 3 generally white or greenish sepals. Corolla of 3 petals nearly EA to the sepals. Androecium of 6 stamens. Gynoecium superior, o nited carpels. Style stout, sometimes obsolete during an- baccate——Four genera and about 50 species, most abundant in Mex. and Cent. Am. Anthers sagittate: ovary elongate: capsule not 3-winged: seeds flat- tened, many in pde cavity of the capsule. 1. YUCCA. eee cordate: ov Bde lar: capsule 3- winged: seeds thick, soli- r few in She ity. 2. NOLINA. 1. YUCCA [Rupp.] L. Caudex commonly leafy throughout. Flowers perfect, relatively large, in panicles or racemes. Sepals and petals several- veined, deciduous. Ovules numerous. Capsule dehiscent, or baccate. iiS black.—About 18 aia natives of North America.—BEAR-GRASSES. ADAM NEEDLES. YUCCA DRACAENACEAE 308 Fruit an erect, dry, dehiscent capsule. eaf-bla des d ae abru uptly pointed, or rounded at the apex; marginal ers curly: eapsu venly narrowed to the apex. Leaf-blades of a linea ee somewhat narrowed toward both ends, attenuate to the slender apical spine, flat. 1. Y. filamentosa. Leaf-blades spatulate, abruptly Notion od or dM unded and concave at the base of the stout apical . Y. concavo. spin Leaves long-attenuate; marginal fibers straigh nd capsules kis ncately narrowed at the apex, the carpels uneven ngulate. 3. Y. flaccida. Fruit P drooping c in Y. recurvifolia), pulpy, indehiscent, berry-like ca Seed thin n, nie éd: endosperm ev Lea Yen pou erect or EI odes capsule 6-ribbed : ‘seeds shin 4. Y. pliable. recurving : capsule 6-winged : seeds dull. 5. Y. Seed poer; marginless: endosperm ruminated. 6. Y 1. Y. filamentosa L. Caudex short: leaves firm, 3-6 dm. long, erect and spreading; blades gradually narrowed toward both ends, the terminal spine dps long and slender, the Ed fibers par short: Joerg stalk 1.5-4 tall: paniele-brane hes E abrou ep- R » CURLY- YUCCA.)— S, sandhills, old-fields, and slice mnn 2. ected from fire , Coa stal Plain and adj. provinces "Tla. to Miss., Tenn., and N. C.; eseaping further N. ta A) ay 6 11 29 X.: Haw Caudex short Or slightly aa leaves very firm, * .7-9.4 most ng, et or ascend- g; blades spatulate, somewhat plicate, concave, the terminal Pin d stout, the marginal fibers long: ing stalk 2-5 m. tall: i ar Diae ‘glabrous at least at maturity: perianth similar to that of Y. filamentosa, but t e sepals and p usually broader: eapsule ellipsoid or somewhat cylindrie, ru m. long: ds nearly circular.— (SPOON-LEAF YUCCA.)—Sand-dunes and sandy open 001 Coastal Plain, Ga. Del. 3. Y. flaccida Haw. Similar to Y. filamentosa, but less rigid: leaves pliable, us straight a the outer ar a panicle-branches pe eae pa Ec ong: seeds dull, ong.— ie d A.)—Dry o "onde D. Blue Ridge and renee es due e Ala. to N. C. . Y. gloriosa L. Caudex becoming 5 m. tall, sometimes branched: leaves very numerous, firm, 3-5 dm. long, spreading: panicle long-stalked: sepals and petals 4—5 em. long: Eu n leathery, 5-6 em. long, up qi seeds lustrous, 6-7 mm. lon T PANISH BAYONET ON LILY YUCCA.)— Dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to oN. C.; reported from Mis - Y. recurvifolia Salisb. Caudex commonly 1-2 m. tall branched: leaves umerous, E smooth-mar gined, a panicle but eae raised iue the leaves: a. erect, 5-7 em. long, iden. the 6 ribs winged: seeds dull, 7-8 mm. — (CUR RVE-LEAF YUCCA.)—Dunes, Coastal Plain, Ga. to La. 304 TRILLIACEAE 6. Y. aloifolia L. Caudex often 1-2.5 m. tall, commonly branched: leaves very numerous, spreading above, deflexed and deeiduous below, seabrous- margined: paniele ample and showy, 8-7 dm Tu sepals and petals 4-6 em and- long: capsule 7-9 em. long.— ( SPANISH- DAGGER. )— dunes and shell- mounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. a a N. C.—(W. I. ied E escaping in pro- vinces- beyond its 21i ange. The fibe er from the leaves of this, and of other species of yucca, h id been used by pioneers to make Pm and for string for hanging up cured. mea 2. NOLINA Michx. Caudex short, the greatly elongate entire or serrulate leaves spreading on the ground. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, in a virgate or branching panicle. Sepals i petals d cie entire, marcescent. Ovules 2 in each cavity. Capsule broader than long or as broad as long. Seeds pale.— About 12 species, natives of North America.—Spr. Ovary rounded at the ur capsule not notched, at least at the base. Capsule symmetrical, 8-10 mm. wide : seeds loosely invested by the eapsule 1. N. georgiana. id den unsymmetr rical, 3-4 mm. wide: seeds closely in- ed by the capsule. 2. N. atopocarpa. Ovary a at the apex: capsule conspicuously notched at both ends. 3. N. Brittoniana. N. georgiana Michx. Plant 5-15 din. tall: blades of the basal leaves 3-5 mm. wide: sepals and petals mostly ob- long, is 3 mm.. eni anthers mostly oblong: capsule sharply 3-lobed.—Pine- at and sandhills, Coastal Plain, Fla. o S. C. 2. N. ko Bartlett. Plant 8- 15 dm tall: blades of the basal leaves m mm bou glo obular: capsule obtusely 3-lobed.—Pine- lands, E pen. Fla. 3. N. Brittoniana Nash. Plant 10-20 dm. tall: leaf-blades 6—18 mm. wide paniele with ereet or strongly vidue branehes: sepals and petals conspicu- ously glandular at the apex: capsule 9-12 mm. wide, the walls opaque. —Dry pinelands, pen. Fla. Faminy 9. TRILLIACEAE —WaAKE-ROBIN FAMILY Perennial herbs with rootstocks. Leaves in a whorl on the stem basal and wanting on the mature plant: blades broad. MM leaf- like in a whorl at the top of the scape or peduncle. Flowers ac solitary rin a terminal cluster. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals more or less different from the sepals. oe of 6 stamens. Coa of 3 united carpels. Stigmas 3. Ovules several in each ovary-cavity. Fruit baccate —Four genera and 34 specie. ees of the north temperate zone. Flowers several in an umbel-like cluster: sepals A petals nearly alike: flowering stem with a whorl of leaves and a whorl of bra 1. MEDEOLA. Flowers solitary: sepals and petals very dierent : flowering stem (scape) with only a whorl of leaf-like brac 2. TRILLIUM. TRILLIACEAE 305 MEDEOLA [Gronov.] L. Caulescent herbs, with long brittle root- Leaves and bracts with thinnish blades. Pedicels slender, more or ined. Anthers shorter aa . A A species. M. virginiana L. Stem 2-9 dm. m pen 4—10; blades mra spatulat or obovate 5-15 em. long: bracts s oe e d —15 mm. CUCUMBER-ROOT. Mibi P — t woods, various pnt , Fla Minn., and N. S.— —The os peus. like root- stock MCN ‘like cucumbers or raw potatoes. TRILLIUM L.1 Scapose herbs with firm corm-like rootstocks. Leaves and ba with thick blades. Pedicel stout, or solitary flower sessile. Corolla white or of various colors. nthers usually longer than the filaments. About 25 species, of North America and eastern Asia.—Spr.—WAKE-ROBINS. BIRTH- ROOTS Flower sessile. Petals with claw-like bases which are sometimes different in coloring from the blades. I. RECURVATA. Petals not narrowed into claw-like blades, normally of one color throughout. II. SESSILES. HE pedicelled (Bes 0S in a form of e cues mas sessile, distinct: Styles wan III. ERECTA Stiemas terminating a short style. VI. PUSILLA. I. REC ATA Bracts narrowed into petiole-like bases: ue with ovate, el- liptie, oval or obovate blades 1. T. recurvatum. Bracts not narrowed at the bud petals with linear or linear- elliptie blades. Scape smooth and glabro v odd P Jance in or elliptie blades: anthers : filaments nearly as long as the anthers. 2. T. lanceolatum. Bracts “with ovate blades: anthers straight: filaments much shorter than the anthers. . T. ludovicianum. Scape a near the top (sometimes glabrous at maturity). E viride. II. SESSILES Petals broadly i sd one of them prominently apiculate : anthers less than 1 em. lon 5. T. discolor. EEE Dan lanceolate, elliptic, or oblanceolate: anthers e than 1 cm. lon Scape prd Saco rent near the top: bracts pubescent on the veins beneath. a ea erect: bracts raised above the ground: petals 2- long: anther-sacs 15-18 mm. long, the con- nective BOE much prolonged. 6. T. stamineum. Spe d tage bracts lying flat on the ground : pet- s 47 long: anther-saes 8-10 mm. long, "iio aa n prolonged. 7. T. decumbens. Scape. an nd bracts smooth and glabrou l Bracts typically 8 cm. long or I sepals 2-3.5 cm. ong. m 8. T. sessile. Bracts typically 10 em. long or more: sepals 4.5-5.5 em. long. 1 Prepared in part from the studies of Donald Culross Peattie. 20 206 | TRILLIACEAE Bracts much longer than s HORE twice as long: filaments less than 2 m m nearly or rd Ea eae as long: filaments e than 2 mm. long III. A Bracts oe narrowed into petiole-like bases: ovary 6-angled. Stigm d curved: petals slightly longer than the a m not recurved, spreading or erect-spreadin ens shorter than the d nr. or barely exceed- in them: filaments stout, much E than the flo wers often Pee ill-scen deas Ard longer than the sti pm fila- nts slender, as long as the anthers "e eed lon s the an rS; nic ud d: y tene fone acu. nate. Filame nts 4-6 n long, shorter than the an- thers ; uber yellow : braets short-acumi- nate. Petals Cue ed. Flower short-pedicelled: pedicel 0.5-2.5 em. long: filam n its two-thirds as ae ong the anther or anther 2.5-4.5 m Flower ong-pedicelled : pedicel "312 em, long: fila- ment 4% as long as the anther or less: anther 2 6-15 mm dons Stigmas straight or nearly so: petals much longer than e sepals. Bracts narrowed into petiole-like bases: ovary 3-lobed. I USILLA Flower on an erect pedicel or rarely sessile: stamens straight: filaments about half as long as the anthers. Flower on a Peers pedicel anche curved: filaments fully s long as the a 1. T. recurvatum Beck. Scape 1—4 dm. om g en bracts 5—9 cm. long; ttled, longer mi the petals purple, the lades Hier min oval or suborbieular, often b petiole-like bases: sepals lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, ee about blades ovate, obovate or elliptic, twice longer than the claws: anthers 9-12 mm. long.—Woods, Gulf Coastal Plain and Interior aaa Miss. to Ark., Minn., and Ohi 2. T. lanceolatum Boykin. pick blades lanceolate to elliptic, . sessile, g sepals line r linear-lanceolate, green: petals greenish, the blades linear or long, about 44 as long as linear-ob the claws: anthers 6-8 mm. long.—Moist woodlands and river bluffs, Le Plain and adj. provinces, W Fla. to La., Tenn., Ga. T. Underwoodii. 0. T. Hugeri. um P 16. 17. 18. 19. T. erectum. T. Vaseyi. . T. simile. T. cernuum. . T. declinatum. randiflorum. T. Seta. T. pusillum. T. Catesbaei. 3. T. ludovicianum Harbison. Scape 0.8-2 dm. tall, glabrous: bracts 5—8 cm. long; blades ovate to broadly ovate, mottled: sepals lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, purplish at the base: petals purple or greenish above the do mm. base, the bl linear or linear-lanceolate: anthers 8- woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. 12 long.— TRILLIACEAE 307 4, viride Beck. Scape 1-2 dm. tall, pubescent near the top, but often be- comin um glabrous at maturity: bracts 5-11 em. long; blades oblong to ovate, or rarely B cur deep-green, often mottled: sepals linear to linear-lanceolate, 2—4 em. long: pet longer than the claws: anthers 15—20 mm. long.—( WOOD-TRILLIUM.) — Woods various provinces, Ala. "o Miss, , Kans., | SW Va. eis pul ges a Scape 1-3 dm. tall glabrous: bracts 4-13 cm. long; blades oval o l-ovate, mottled: sepals oblong to oblong-lanceolate: petals broadly ES uisa pi anthers 9-13 mm. long.—Woods, various provinees, Ga. to N. C. 6. T. stamineum Harbison. Scape 1-3 dm. tall, pubescent near the top: iii 0—8 em. fae ng; Age ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, semen some- t pubes S beneath: sepals Ld] lanceolate to elliptie: ist p coe pm i a anthers 15-18 mm. long.—Rocky woods, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss T. decumbens Harbison. Scape 0.4-1 dm. tall, pubescent near the top: nee 4-8 em. long; blades broadly ovate to suborbicular, mottled, B cent on the veins beneath: sepals lanceolate: petals linear or linear-lan- ceolate, purple: anthers 9-11 mm. long.—Rocky woods, E dna prov- ince s, Ala 8. T. sessile L. Scape 1—2 dm. tall: bracts 4-8 em. long; blades oval to sub- orbicular, often nodi died e. petals narrowly elliptie, maroon: uu ers 10-12 mm. —(TOAD-SHADE.)—Rich woods, various provinces, Ga. to d p S Minn., and x X. zu of roon- Er nm ple ones. This form possibly represents what Muhlenberg n luteum. The flowers have a penetrating scent resembling that of the ee shrub (Calycanthus). T. Underwoodii Small. Scape 1-3 dm. tall: bracts 10-18 em. long; blades lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or broadly ae lustrous and with 3 shades of green above: sepals la ee F 5.5 C dude ng: petals lanceolate, elliptie or ) Re TIME anther -15 mm. long. [T. rectistamineum (Gates St. J ue oods and TEN a Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala., i and Ma 10. T. Hugeri Small. Scape 1-2.5 dm. tall: bracts 10-14 em. long; blades peer to broadly ovate, green, mottled: sepals scone to ee -lanceolate, 4—5.5 em. long: o elliptie-lanceolate to o dark-maroon or brown: i 10- 20 mm. long.— ( WHIPPOORWILL-FL R.) —Rieh cn various prov- inces, Fla. to Miss. [x and N. C.—The typical maroon or s own of the petals sometimes gives way to yellow or green. Several forms in these paler eolors— dne broad or petals narrow—have been pro posed. T. luteum (Fl. SE. U. S.) such a color form. Flowers d as in T. sessile. 11. T. erectum L. Scape 3—6 dm. tall: bracts 8—18 em. long; blades rhombic, l often broader than a pedicel 3—10 em. long, pa - is ios nd sepals » oblong or peony 2-3.5 em. long: petals lanceolate e-lanceolate, maroon a bro wpurple Mons to yellow, white or white blotched with purple: anthers 5-9 berry purplish-red. [T. album (Fl. U. 8.) T. Rugelii Britt. & eb dle] (BROWN-BETH. STINKING-WILLIE. S dh woods, various provinces, N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Man., Ont, and N. S.— Perhaps the most variable of our trilliums. Folisgd ~ floral on: have furnished the basis for the segregation of several form 308 TRILLIACEAE 12. T. Vaseyi Harbison. Scape 3-6 dm. tall: bracts nee em. long; blades oval to broadly rhombic, slightly acuminate: pedicel 4-8 ¢ es declined or nearly horizontal: sepals lanceolate, 4—6 cm. long, A petals erimson or purple b rown, ovate to orbicular-ovate: anthers 8—12 long; conneetives purple.—( AREE MERC EM Oe — Woods or ds Blue Ridge and Appalaehian provinees, Ga. to Tenn. and N. C. —— of color in the earn or scant color mA in white- or Scu -flowered form a: oe Gleason. Similar to T. eus but acer usually larger, 10-18 m. long and broad, broadly obr cesar ery short-acuminate: pe edicel 3 7 em. ioe RS but e ower uU sepa a pa es to I lanceolate, 2.5-3.5 em. long: petals creamy or white, 3— A ong, broadly ovate or rhombic- -ovate, obtuse or did anthers 10- 13m d wholly yellow.— Woods, Piedmont and adj. Blue Ridge, oe and N. C.— The plants are rare and local. The flowers are deno fragra 14. cernuum L. Scape 2-6 dm. tall: bracts 6-12 em. long; blades some- nue decidedly bois than long d white, elliptie- lanceolate to ovate, 1.5— 2.0 em. long: anthers 2.5-6.5 . long: seed about 2 mm. long.—Rich woods, various provinces, in i60 d Plain only N, Ga. to Ala., Mo., Man., and Newf. 15. T. declinatum (A. Gray) Gleason. Scape 2—4.5 dm. tall: bracts 8-17 em. long; blades broadly rhombic, often Par contracted at the base: pu white, elliptie- lanceolate to ovate, 2— ong: anthers 6— = mm. long: eed sey 3 mm. M: g.—Alluvial bo lands. Interior Low Plateau and more N provinces, Ten 0 Mo, Minn., and C N. Y. In some colonies the petals are pink, a or maroo 16. T. grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. Scape 2-5 dm. tall: bracts 6-14 e long; blades oval or rhombic-oval, acuminate: pedicel "s 8 em. long, e ehe Or nearly so: ls lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm. long, acute: petals sine or i . rarely 0 ite wit green stripes, crisped: berry erect, ick.— (WHITE eg ag Tag Rich woods, various provinees, E [On Eo ain, N. C. Ark., Minn., Que., and Vt.— The ira of the typical plant unfolds i. and later hope pink. In some forms s pi xc E m the mus eginning o arely green or white with green strip Occ Du s petals UR yos penned Colonies sometimes ve ae with n like bas i7. T. undulatum Willd. Scape 2-5 dm. tall: bracts 6—20 em. long; blades ovate, longer than the petiole-like ee pedicel erect, 2-6 cm. long: sepa als lanceolate to Di pr 1.5-2.5 em. long: petals white striped with ink, oblong to oval, otio e obovate: deny ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, erect, bright-red. [T. WES NU: Michx. |.— (STRIPED WAKE-ROBIN. PAIN NTED- LADY. casi et )—Damp us and bogs, often in I iur Blue Ridge and more northern provinees, Ga. to Mo., Wis., and ? prefer- ence of this Peo cal northern type of Trillium for a soil 1 do it from most of the other species of the gen 18. T. pusillum Michx. Scape 1-2 dm. tall: bracts 3-4 em. long; blades oblong to lanceolate, sessile: Rn ved to Vds Tuc about 1.5 em. long, obtuse: petals white or pink, lin Bs ng to lanceolate: anthers 5-6 mm. long.—Woods, Coastal Plain, S. C. to a., and Ona rk Plateau, Ark. 19. T. Catesbaei Ell Scape 2-5 dm. tall, mottled above: bracts 5-15 cm. long; blades elliptic or oval: pedicel spreadin or deflexed, 2-5 s sepals linear or linear-lanceolate, or sometimes spatulate- oblong, . long, eurled or reflexed: petals pink or sometimes rose, oblong to oblong- ne SMILACACEAE 309 WAKE-ROBIN. BASHFUL WAKE-ROBIN. )—Woods, P id adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala. and N. C. obtuse or abruptly pointed, recurved: berry 1-1.5 em. thick. [T. s Nutt. ]— (Rosy Famity 10. ROXBURGHIACEAE — RoxsunGHiA FAMILY erennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades with palmately parallel veins. Flowers perfect, in axillary racemes. Calyx of 2 sepals. Corolla of 2 petals. Androecium of 4 stamens. Gynoecium of 2 united earpels. Ovary l-eelled. Stigma pom Fruit eapsular.—Three genera and 8 species, mostly natives of Asi 1. CROOMIA Torr. Caulescont herbs with horizontal rootstocks. Leaves approximate near the top of the stem. lowers nodding. Sepals and petals partially united. a. 2-valved.— Two species, the following and one in apan. m C. pauciflora (Nutt.) T Ste dm. tall simple: Tes blades elip- ec Or elliptic. ovate, 5-15 . long, e date at the base, pe WE ‘sepals is petals Bea tinged with purple, es- pecially at the base, 3-5 mm. long: fila- ments puple; eaters yellow: capsule ovoid, 3-6 mm. long.—(CroomiA.)—Rich woods, mostly on river-bluffs, astal Plain and adj. provinces, N Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—Spr FaAwiLY 11. SMILACACEAE —Swinax FAMILY Perennial armed or unarmed vines or low herbs. Leaves a'ternate: blades ribbed, netted-veined, commonly persistent: petiole usually bearing a illary unc] f that of the p Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals. An- droecium of 6 stamens. Anthers erect. Gynoecium 3-carpellary. Stigma 3, sessile, sometimes elongate. Fruit a berry with 3 bands of strengthen- ing tissue in the pulp connecting the base and apex.—Four genera an 200 species in tropical and temperate regions. Stem annual, herbaceous, unarmed : ovules 2 in each carpel. 1. NEMEXIA. Stem perennial, woody, usually prickly : ovule solitary in each carpel. 2. SMILAX. 1. NEMEXIA Raf. Stems erect or climbing, herbaceous, unarmed, an- nual. Leaf-blades membranous, broad, often ribbed. owers often carrion- scented. Perianth pale-green, or aee, the petals usually narrower than the sepals. Berries black or eoe 10 species, natives of North Ameriea.—Spr.—CARRION FLOWERS. EAD-MAN’S BRYONYS.—The more common species are well known for m carrion-scented flowers Anthers shorter than the filaments: leaf-blades ovate, often cor- date, not hastate-lobed. I. HERBACEAE. Anthers about as long as the filaments: leaf-blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, more or less hastate-lobed. II. TAMNIFOLIAE. 310 SMILACACEAE I. HERBACEAE Mature leaf-blades green and shining beneath, decidedly i eed nate: sepals and petals of the staminate flowers 4.5-5.5 m long: berry black. Mate a MAS beneath, abruptly pointed or short- e sepals and petals of the staminate flowers or less, except in no. 5: berry glaucous. Leaf-blades merely glauc ous oe scales on the stem below the leaves appress Mature stem with nuc separated leaves: 2. nae, sepals and petals of the staminate dd E 3.5 mm. long: seeds 3-5 to a berry, 3.5-4 Hc . N. pulverulenta. 2. N. herbacea. | Mature on with leaves clustered near the top: leaf- d blades edP e Pu sepals and petals of oe B m ate = 2.5-3.5 mm. long: seeds 2 rry, 4.5-5 2, BS ng. 3. N. biltmoreana. Leaf- blades SURE or puberulent beneath: scales on stem below the leaves n or less spreading. o Sienna, climbing, wit umerous tendrils: pe- duncles axillary to leaves. 4. N. lasioneuron. Stem short, not climbing, the pd d wanting: pe uncles, at least in part, om the axils of Sscale-like 'braets below the m Leaf-blades acuminate: sepals and petals of the staminate flowers 4-5 mm. long: berry with 3-5 seeds. 5. N. ecirrhata. Leaf-blades acute to mucronate: sepals and petals of the flowers 2.5-3.5 mm. long: berry with 2 or 3 seeds. 6. N. Hugeri. II. TAMNIFOLIAE Sepals and petals of the deos flowers 4 mm. long: pedi- cels elongate, about 2 em 7. N. leptanthera. Sepals and petals of the ue das about 3.5 mm. long: ln pedicels short, less than 1 cm. lon 8. N. tamnifolia. 1. N. pulverulenta (Michx.) Small. Stem stout: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic- ovate, 8-15 em. long, short-acuminate, usually 9-nerved, cordate at the base: ams flowers ov eliptie, or obov 4.5-5.5 mm. lo those of the ae flowers 3-3.5 mm long: berry black, 8-10 mm. in diame- ter, with 3-5 seeds.—Rich w "m vari- ous Poni rarely Coastal "Plain. INC. to Tenn., Mo., and S N. Y. 2. N. herbacea (L.) Small. Stem elon- gate: leaf-blades ovate, m -lan- eeolate or lanceolate, 4-8 long, short-acuminate, 7—9-nerved, roun an or truncate at the base: sepals ‘of s stami- dodi flowers elliptie or nearl 5—4 . long; those of the 'pistillate c 2 mm. long: berry 6-8 m n diam —Moist Saat oa ia pm and barrens, various provinces, Ala. to Nebr. and N. B. 3. N. biltmoreana Small. Stem 2.5-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, ee m. long: sepals of the staminate flowers Bi sometimes narrowly so, 2. 5.3. 9 long: anthers ellipsoid: berry glau 7-9 mm. lon 2. Hillsides and Eae Blue Ridge, and adj. provinces, S. a aa N. " . lasioneuron (Hook.) Rydb. Stem 1-3 long or more: leaf-blades ovate or elliptie-ovate, or those subtendin im pedu ee laneeolate, 3-5 cm. long, 3-7-ribbed, truncate or cordate at the base, often slightly twisted at the tip: EE X——KX au FX a ——MMM—MM—ÀÓ————————3u*P£€—Ó—Ó:———————————————-—.-—-—-—----—-———————————ÓÉÉ——— i SMILACACEAE 311 sepals of the staminate flowers elliptie, pune 4 mm. long; those of the e flowers ovate-elliptie, 2-2.5 mm. long: anthers linear-ellipsoid: berry 6-9 m in diameter. [N. diversifolia Small]— ` Moist soil, thickets, woods, and Ple banks, Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, Ga. to Ala., Colo., Wyo., and Ont. 5. N. ecirrhata (Engelm.) Small. Stem mostly 3-6 a tall, e with tendrils: leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate-ovate, 8-12 cm. long, e, paler beneath: sepals of the ds Redi det d rae mm. ie pers ellip- soid: berry purple-black, 9—11.mm. in dia with 3-5 seeds.—Woods, Blue d and more northern pray cee Ala. to Mo, ' Ont., and N. C. N. eri Small. Ste 5 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong-oval, 9-14 c lo ong, ae or abruptly tom at the apex: sepals of the st aminate "pen da 2.5-3.5 mm. long: anthers aes berry glaucous, 8-10 mm. in diam- —Woods, various provinces, N Fla. to Ala. and N. C. N. leptanthera (Pennell) Small. Stem elongate: leaf- wie triangular- vate, 6-11 cm. long, 5-7-nerved, cordate at t ba base: sepals of the staminate flowers s is to linear- -elliptie, a t4m ong: anthers narrowly linear, 1.5-2 mm. long. [Smilax VEA. pg o Piedmont, Ga. 8. N. tamnifolia ( o Small. Hj elongate: leaf- aes Vue ovate A hastate-lanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, 5-7-nerved, truncate or cordate at the bas the basal lobes rounded: pedes of the pibe nate neu broadly ellipie Eun 3 mm. long: an picis narrowly P pes berry 4— n diam —Moist sandy soil near streams and acid marshy grounds, Coastal Plain Pun rarely adj. provinees, S. ct o Miss., Tenn., an ind N. 1. SMILAX L. Stems puri greatly elongate, with very hard wood, and usually armed with prickles. -blades leathery, prominently ri . Flow- ers often fragrant. Pd. green. Berry red, blue, or black. poil e. often Ll very large leaves.—About 220 n most abundant in ical Am and Asia.—Spr.sum.—GREENBRIERS. | HORSEBRIERS.— The is of some pics are very vigorous and ae an almost oe tangle of woody, often die. stems. The large roots of s native Species i2 a red flour to the aborigines, which was hoe jn gee meaning red flour-root. The ira of some exotie species are used in medieine under the name sarsaparilla. | ac E entire or lobed at the base, sometimes merely erose or with fine prickly edges: berry globular. (In S. pumila ovoid and red or orange.) Leaf-blades glabrous, sometimes merely hispidulous or prickly on the veins be- neath: berry globular Peduncles much longer than the petioles Leaf-blades glaucous beneath: berry glaucous. I. GLAUCAE. . Leaf-blades green: berry not glaucous. II. HISPIDAE. Peduncles about as long as the petioles or s . - 3: berry 2- or 3-seeded, maturing the Ta eason: leaf-blades thin- or firm-cori- Berry. bla Leaf- Diodes not reticulate. III. ROTUNDIFOLIAE. Leaf-blades reticulate. IV. AURICULATAE. : Berry red. i V. LANCEOLATAE. DEM D berry 1-seeded, maturing the sec- ason : leaf-blades thick-coriaceous. VI. LAURIFOLIAE. Leaf- blades l beneath : aes) ovoid, red or orange. VII. PUMI Leaf-blades sinuate, the teeth firn or shiny, or the thick edges sometimes entire : berry black, ovoid. VIII. HAVANENSES. I. GLA Vine with terete or nearly terete Eum prr armed with scattered prickles: ione glaucous 1. S. glauca. 312 SMILACACEAE II. HISPIDAE eaf-blades thin-c coriaceous, with the veins pale beneath. 2. S. hispida. Leaf- blades firm-coriaceous, the veins not pale. 3. S. Bona-Noa. III. ROTUNDIFOLIA Leaf-blades not lobed, smooth-margined and ati on the veins beneath. 4. S. rotundifolia. AURICULATAE ed. IV. Leaf-blades usually lobed, prominently vein . S. auriculata. e V. AANCEOLATAE Leaf-blades deep-green and shining above, paler beneath: pe- duncle terete: berry dull-red. Leaf-blade equally green on both sides: peduncle flattened: berry bright coral-red. c . S. lanceolata. . S. Walteri. -1 LAURIFOLIAE Very vigorous vine, with terete or la ngled bran ches : oe green or whitish the first year, black the second y oo . S. laurifolia. II. PUMILAE Soft-woody trailing or low-climbing unarmed vine, the leaves 22 fruits Ji nene the stem pubescent like the leaves: e seeded. rry 1- 9. S. pumila. VIII. HAVANENSES Rigid prickle-armed vine, with angled stems: leaf-blades with the TG passus sinuate and spiny toothed or Gades . berry jet-bla 10. S. havanensis. 1. S. glauca lius Stem Pers branches diffuse or widely climbing, terete or nearly so, ofte with few scattered n leaf-blades ovate, usually broadly so, ranging to elliptic- ova i. or orbieular-ovate, or, on vigorous shoots, 0 ae cular- reniform to pandurate-lanceolate, moy 4-9 em. long, glaucous beneath, smooth-edged: peduncle longer than the petiole, very slender: sepals and ueni j m. lon Sandy woods, thickets, margins of swamps, and ra various provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Mass.—Spr.— The leaves are d E 2. S. incer. Muhl. Stem and inca diffuse and high-climbing, mewhat of S ly beset with dark or rarely pale, n abru wW cordate at staminate flower T or "oo pue 4-5 mm. long: berry globular, 6—8 mm. in du i seed 4—5.5 mm. "s diameter, dark-brown.—( H AGBRIER. HELLFETTER. BRISTLY-GREENBRIER.)— Rich woods and thiekets, often along "Streams, various mcd, dd Coastal PO Ga. to Tex., Minn., Ont., N. —Spr.—The dominant rounding of the le af- -bases, with usually no dence p m serve to pne EN this from the following species. 3. S, Bona-Nox L. Stem and branches extensively climbing, often high- climbing, sometimes with scattered rigid subulate prickles, more or less 4- SMILACACEAE 313 angled: leaf-blades dominantly ovate or broadly RC at least in pen more or less i is often deltoid or hastate, 3—14 cm. long, p r less Td erose spiny-margined, glabrous, sometimes pum ekly the veins beneath, mostly Pune to eordate at the base: sepals and pis of the sta ami- 3d flowers mee nearly 5 mm. long: ber ck: seed m ; Pseudo-China ; amnoides (Chapm. F1)] — yd CHINABRIER. LE. S ie nd fence-r va ’ : —The dilation of the leaf-bases resulting in a deltoid or hastate blade is a mark to distinguish this from the next Dedi. speci 4. S. rotundifolia L. Stem and branches diffuse and often high-climbing, often armed with remote firm pri sae cue or less four-angled: leaf-blades ovate varying z eit ovate, or suborbicular (or peau ovate ys lanceo- late and no edges in P Pi ta),t labrous, ruptly n hus to su ubcordate at the base, or cordate in 2g very broad leaves of vigor aie shoots bier and petals of staminate d —6 mm. long: ron dad n diameter, reddish-brown.— (GREENBRIER. CA ATBRIER. HORSEBRIER. ) — ts Wo cna "thickets, fence-rows, and stream- ea various prov- inces, "Fla. to Tex. Minn., Ont., and N. 8. —Spr 5. S. auriculata Walt. Stem and branches diffuse or high-climbing, sometimes armed with very small priekles, more or less 4-angled, jo ipiis zigzag: leaf-blades ovate, oval, or elliptie, at ok in outline, r less hastate, pandurate or rhombic, or pes d on shoots, 2-12 em. ju. Ee a. or abruptly pointed at the apex, re dedere thiek-margined, glabrous: sepals and pn of the ons flowers e -elliptic or linear-oblaneeolate, 4—5 mm. long: berry globular, 6-18 mm. in diameter, or rarely rou black, but sometimes glaucous until maturity: EH about 5 mm. in diameter, brown. Beyrichit Kunth S. lata Sm wa rr rie ig idi pinelands, sandhills, and ud m rt to Miss. and N. C.—(W. I.)—8Spr.- um. or all year b pi growth and o difusy on pos pase nd or cover brush. In hammocks t plants are larger, vigorous and high- eae and when in flower fill a air with ae a “he leaves are evergre 6. S. lanceolata L. Stem and branches high-climbing, unarmed, often glau- cous, terete or nearly so: leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate : ovate, 4-10 em. lo ong, firm-coriaceous, glabrous, smooth-edged, shining above, acute to truncate at the base: sepals aang petals of the staminate flowers linear- PN te, 4-5 mm. long, yellowish-green: stamens nearly as actos as d Sume m E r, 5-8 mm. in diameter, due seed abou : dia. bro 8. ae Moron S. cinnamomifolia om all|l— Br rusticum RI E. irc —Ri oh woods, mocks, roadsides, oe other aa puit from fire, Coastal Plain and EU provinees, N Fla. ex., , and. Va.—Spr.-sum.—iIn the Coastal Plain en plants, although vigorous, pude leaves with blades of a rather narrow (elliptic-laneeolate), in or near the adja en o s ]oaf-blades he le M aves are evergre uc for winter e broader, often bis decorations ‘large und um being shipped from the Gulf States, 7. S. Walteri Pursh. Stem and branches diffusely climbing, sometimes with scattered prickles near the base, obscurely 4- -angled: leaf-blades ovate, ovate- lanceolate, or broadly lanceolate, em. long, thin- Pared ins often erose, 5-veined, glabrous, abruptly narrowed to subcordate at the base: sepals and petals of the sta minate flowers linear or nearly et a o 05 ish: 5-6 mm. long: berry globular, 6—8 mm. in Be ees bright coral-red: deg fas -6 mm. in diameter, dark- brown.—(SARS SAPARILLA. Cora L-GREENBRIER. CR r af. F^ wee FC 314 SMILACACEAE —Pineland ponds, swamps, and stream-banks, in acid soil, Si oed m and adj. provinees, Fla. to La. and N. J.—Spr. — The leaves are deciduo . S. laurifolia L. Stem and branches extensively climbing or high-climbing, sometimes armed with very rigid prickles A Mute on leaf-blades lanceo- i edes oval, or ovate, or Pata linear, 5-15 cm. lon ng, thick-coriaceous, eute or rounded, or subcordate e bas vigoro shoo ots, mostly 3-veined: sepals a HET of the pis ie dower ye jus Or elliptic- linear, 4-5 m. long, or rarely o ar glo o or ovoid-globose, 5-8 mm. in diam me- P black: seed 4- n dia blaek.—(BAM500-VINE. BLASPHEME- VINE. )—Non all siia often Bd B m wet woods, ue a ad eddie m and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Tenn., and N. J.—(W. L)— size and vigor this ostelasses our other kinds of E The lU uad ely hard woody and branches A impenetrable a prd The character of the fe E in requiring tw ub easons to ripen maly among our species. The leaves are evergre ~% S. pumila Walt. Stem and Braces trailing or low-climbing, woolly, un- armed : Ad pe quite uniform, ovate to n -ovate or ovate- d he bas edun ng 9—10 em. long, woolly beneath, cordate at t : peduncles about as lon as the pera. or shorter, and like woolly: sepals and petals of ue em nate flowers linear or linear- TERME abou rn 7 or rarely lo rige berry ov Me 8 mm. long, red, acute: seed i. t3 m . lon ng, T red.—(SAR PARILLA-V NE. a oak woods, sandhills, a. and river- blu Coastal Plain. 8. to Tex. and S. C. — Fall.— After the manner of our e witch-hazel this smilax blooms in the fall and ripens its fruit in the oe The berries, however, may persist on the stems for a year longer 10. S. havanensis Jacq. Stem and branches more or less armed with short stout, dark-tipped slightly recurved ing pee leaf-blades mostly oval or ellip- ue varying : ovate or obovate, 4—8 em. long or smaller on branehlets, sinuate spiny, or sometimes entire, 'often spiny on the midrib beneath: sepa als and epi elliptie o ovate, about 1.5 mm. long: stamens about 1 mm. long: berry void, 5-8 mm. long, 1—3-seeded: seed nearly 4 mm. in diameter, brown.—Pine- —(W. I. nd leaves. e to h tallest trees. "Then the spines of the stem nearly or quite disappear and the leaf-blades are rm and less de: or entirely smooth. The leaves are evergreen. milax megacarpa Morong (S. Morong Small) was based on a LLL sheet containing fragmentary specimens of Smilax laurifolia and S. Wal ORDER AMARYLLIDALES — AwARYLLIDAL ORDER Perennial herbs or vines. Leaves with narrow or dilated blades. Flowers perfect or dioecious, complete. Perianth of 3 sepals and 3 petals, these distinct or partly united. Androecium of 3 or 6 stamens. Gynoe- eium mostly 3-earpellary, the ovary wholly or partly inferior. Leaves not equitant : stamens 6. Uprig sht herbs : flowers perfect. Fam. 1. LEUCOJACEAE. vines : flowers dioecious. Fam. 2. TAMACEAE Leaves equitant: stamens oe not woolly. Fam. 3. IXIA rianth woolly. Fam. 4. E ia R LEUCOJACEAE 315 mity 1. LEUCOJACEAE — AMARYLLIS FAMILY y succulent, with rootstocks, bulbs, or corms eave alternate, wholly or mainly basal. Flowers perfect, the perianth some- times with . Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals, together with the sepals partially united into a tube. Androecium of 6 stamens, the filaments sometimes united into a crown. Gynoecium of 3 united earpels. Ovary ue or half-inferior. Styles united. Ovules numerous.—About 70 genera and 800 species, most abundant in tropic and warm temperate regions. Plant B ud. by corms or a rootstocks. O and capsule half-inferio Tribe I. ALETREAE. DN end capsule wholly peer Inflorescence m ke: PTT circumcissile : leaves grass-li Tribe II. HYPOXIDEAE. Inflorescence Spica cS racemose, or paniculate: capsule 3- mn leaves succulent. Tribe III. AGAVEAE. Plant Perennial by bul Filaments distinct. Tribe IV. CRINEAE. Filam ents o with a cup-like or funnelform membrane (crown). Tribe V. HYMENOCALLEAE. I. ALETREA Flowers in a raceme or a spike: perianth granular; lobes rela- tively short, converging, erect or somewhat spreading: sta- mens ine uded. 1. ALETRIS. Il. HYPOXIDEAE ao n herbs with narrow leaf-blades and very slender capes 2. HxPOXIS. III. AGA Plant with bulbs, dying down annually: eer oes neither spiny-toothed nor spine-tippe 3. MANFREDA. Plant with caudices, long-persistent : leaf-blades spiny-toothed and spine-tippe 4. AGAVE. IV. CRINEAE Scapes 1-flowered : stigmas 3. 5. ATAMOSCO. Scapes 2-several-flowered : stigmas united. 6. CRINUM V. HYMENOCALLEAE mates pe pi with strap-like E scape i by e flower or by a cluster of flow 7. HYMENOCALLIS. 1. ALETRIS L. Caulescent herbs with thick rootstocks and scape-like stems. Basal leaves spreading. Flowers in an interrupte ed spike or raceme. Perianth white to yellow, campanulate, cylindric, or obovoid, granular or mealy: lobes much shorter than the tube. Filaments adnate to the middle of the pea or above it.—About 8 species, natives of eastern North America and Asia.—Spr.—fall, or all year 8.—CoLic-RooTS. STAR-GRASSES. Perianth cylindrie or campanulate: filaments adnate to near the base of the peri- anth-lobes Pe run th campanu e, 5-7 mm. long: lobes erect or M d 1. A. aurea. Perianth cylin em i 'constricted above the middle, 7-10 mm ong : lobes spreading Perianth yellow : euis gradually ET into a beak 5 as long as the body. 2. A. lutea. Perianth white: capsule imo narrowed into a beak as ` lo as the body. Perianth copiously granular: capsule-body ovoid. . A. farino Perianth slightly Herpes capsule-body co re A. delent erm obovo id: filaments adnate to a little above poe middle the perian 5. A. obovata. 316 LEUCOJACEAE 1. A. aurea Walt. Stem 3-8 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves oblong to elliptic, 3-8 em. long: perianth ile lobes broader than long, blunt-tipped: style short: Ca sule ovoid, 5 mm. long, e res the where the plants are ‘elo ose-set and t golden spikes abundant. . lutea Small. Stem 3-11 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, or sometimes bro adest above the middle, 4-12 em. long: peri anth yellow, 8-10 mm. long; lobes mostly ovate: capsu ule conic-ovoid, long-beaked. —Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to and Ga. La. A. farinosa L. Stem 3-12 em. tall: blades of the pia pais narrowly d or elliptic, or elongate ~ ene sees 5-30 long: perianth white or cream-colored, 7-10 mm. long; lob ovate: BE pre capsule ovoid, abruptly-beak ed.— — (MILLER ’S-MAID oe E.)—Sandy sol, dry woods, prairies, and pinelands, various provinces, “Fla. to La., Minn., Ont., and Me. 4. A. bracteata Northrop. Stem 3-6 dm. tall: blades of as po nearly linear to linear-lanceolate, 6-12 em. long: perianth whit ong; lobes laneeolate to triangular, spreading: capsule conic, any Pe Md Pinelands, Everglade Keys and adj. Everglades Fla. and the lower Florida Keys.— (W. I.) 5. A. obovata Nash. Stem 5-8 ps tall: blades of the basal leaves E elliptie to obovate- pue 6-8 cm. long: perianth white, obovoid, long; lobes broadly ovate, converging: style very short: capsule nene pes beaked.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, E Fla. and S Ga. 2. HYPOXIS L. Acaulescent herbs with corm-like rootstocks. Leaves with elongate-linear or nearly filiform blades. Scapes slender, sometimes tufted. ments adnate to the base of the perianthAbout 50 species of wide geographic distribution.—STAR-GRASSES. d blades linear, often very narrow and somewhat channeled: seeds muricate pebbled. I. XEARES. Leaf- blades ad) or filiform-setaceous as a result of the strongly involute margins : seeds with hieroglyphic-like carvings. II. SETACEAE. I. LINE S ip Mu leaf-blades linear, flat 2 p so, at least when green. f-bas ases (corm-scales) not breaking down into fibrous bristles. Capsule x BURG to ellipsoid, 2- a mm. long: leaf-blades bese 1. H. hirsuta. a E vate to ellipsoid-clavate, 6-11 mm. long or maller: leaf-blades glabrous. 2. H. leptocarpa. Leaf- bases ou scales) breaking down into fibrous bristles. 9. H.rigida. Seed brown: leaf-blades nar iow. linear, often p ds Seed ir n eno very short or up to m. long, usually ess lo Seed d iridescent ; D ae 4-18 em. long, usually over 5 em. m H. sessilis. LEUCOJACEAE 317 Seed nearly or quite beakless, Poe a corm- scales membranous, often dark and thicl 5. H. micrantha, ee oe crudely pebbled : corm-scales ‘becoming fibril- 6. H. Wright. I. Plants with elongate corms: perianth bright-yellow. 7. H. juncea. 1. H. hirsuta (L.) Coville. Corm with T pale or brown-tinged sheaths: leaf-blades 8 mm. wide or less, 1-6 dm. long, pubescent, stiff: scape slender, gs h, 4-35 em. long, 2-7 flowered: era small, subulate or linear- subulat sepals lanceolate, elliptic, or elliptic. lanceola ate, pubescent withou petals elliptie or ms ovate, 6. 5-15 ong: anthers about 3 mm. long: mm long, pubescent: seed 0.8—1.3 mm. long. [H. erecta L. H. grandis Pollard.|—Dry, often acid soil, open woods, hillsides, and pastures, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. Man., and N. H.—Spr.—fall. 2. E: aee Du dare & Gray. Simi- lar H. hirsuta in habit, but corm sr with 1 scales: leaf- blades 15 or less, up to 80 mm. long, the "leaves, e pubescent e lly stale seape filiform, lax, 1-3-flow slen bracts slender, often elongate: sepals linear to narrowly linear- lanceolate, one ingly pubescent “peta linear lanceolate ee Need or eT -lanceolate, 6.5-8 . lon ng: about long: eapsule clavate ellipsoid-clavate, 6-11 m Ta 2501 us or “sparingly ma md seed m Ros larger than in H. hirsuta, me decumbens (Chapm. Fl.) H. Curtissii Rose]|—Damp sandy soil, wet hammocks, swamps, and Baton lands, piled tal Plain and rarely more northern DE Fla. to Tex. and N. C. —Spr.- 3. H. rigida Chapm. Corm somewhat elongate, covered with bristly fimbriate scales: leaf-blades re rather stiff, ee mm. wide, 0.7-4 dm. long, pubescent: cape very slender 2-3 dm. long, minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous, 1—3- flowered: bracts ae e: sepals Duc. to elliptic, 7-12 mm. long, densely out 1 n diameter, with short rounded papillae. —Low pinelands, ' Coastal Plain, Fla. E Tex. and N. C.—Spr.—fall. 4. H. sessilis L. Corm d e ae covered with membranous scales: lcaf-blades narrowly linear, i vide, E 30 em. long apad r firm, sparingly pubescent: scape very s short o m (o 8 em. lon ng, filiform, pubescent, usually l-flowered: bract minute: sepals jue or elliptic- ducc ate, 5-11 mm. long, ob r tuse or aeutish: petals slightly broader than the sepals: anthers 2 O quit 3 . long, sely pubese seed oval, mm. in diameter, the fiat pebbled surface covered with an iridescent film "Pinelands, Coastal Plain , Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—Spr.-fall.—Specim an C.—Spr. from S. C. etimes have one oe of the perianth missing, and the TEM seris are a to be often pale or white. H. micrantha Pollard. Corm somewhat elongate, covered with dark scales which rarely break down into fibrous bristles: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 1-6 318 LEUCOJACEAE mm. wide, 8-40 em. long, pubescent: scape very slender, 2 18 em. long, pubes- cent: bracts minute: sepals lanceolate to elliptic, 6.5-15 mm. long, acute: petals slightly broader than the sepals: anthers 2-2.5 mm. long: ropa d or somewhat elongate, 3.4-9 mm. long, pubescent: seed subglobose l mm. in dien the numerous noo short-subulate.—Pinelands, UAM Plain, a. to Tex. and N. C.— —(W. I.) . H. Wrightii (Baker) Brackett. Corm d eovered with brown fibrillous scales: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 0.4-3 mm. wide, 4-26 em. long, channeled or involute, sparingly pubescent: scape fii ; 4-12 pem 1—2-flowered : bracts minute: sepals lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 7-8 mm. 1 acutish petals broader eee x al the — ; g capsu ule subglobose to ellipsoid 6 m nsely pubescent: seed subglobose, 0.8-1.1 meter, de pubes mm. in diameter, the EM crudely earved.—Pinelands, Fla., Keys.—( TF. I.) —Although in flower throughout the xu , this plant blooms most vigorously after the land is fire- ped Its flowers are the first to appear after a fire. 7. H. juncea J. E. Smith. Corm Pid eovered with membranous brown scales: leaf. "blades i thus filiform setaceous, usually 3-ribbed, with pu long hairs pou on the back: EO filiform, usually fine ely pubescent, 2 dm. lon 2-flowered: bracts subulate, minute: sepals lanceolate to lliptie- lanceolate, pubescent petals elliptic to ‘elliptic. anceolate, 9-15 mm long: anthers 2. m. long: capsule clavate or ellipsoid, 4-6 mm. long: seed nearly 1 mm. long. Se Tt Cal Plain, Fla. to N. O.—(W. I. )—All 3 year. 3. MANFREDA. Salisb Succulent herbs, arising aaay from bulbs borne on rootstocks, the leaves mostly basal. Flowers in spikes or racemes, or in spike-like onde Perianth mainly green.—About 25 species, all Ameri- can.—Sum AL LOES.—There may be species additional to the AME. in our range. E a materialis scant and very unsatisfactory for proper interpretation of the species will not be possible until after ae e tion and the assembling of living plants from all parts of the range for study. Capsule longer than broad: leaves green 1. M. virginica. Capsule broader than long: leaves purple-blotched. 2. M.tigrina. 1. M. virginica (L.) Salisb. Stem 8-18 un tall: basal leaves 1-3 dm. long; blades lanceolate, oblong or oblong-spatulate, 3-5 em. wide, green: perianth greenis rownish-yellow; lobes linear- wine 10- 12 mm. long: anthers about 12 mm. long: capsule subglobose: ds —(RA SNAKE- MASTER. )—Sandy soil, rocky woods, and dry pe various provinces, Fla. o Tex., c da A C. (or Md.?). —The green flow e poorly adapted for o eno day- Ge sere but their fragrance which increases towards evening ater nocturnal insects to aid in cross- pollinat 2. M. tigrina (Engelm.) Small. Stem 10-25 dm. tall: basal leaves 3-5 dm. long; blades Eee or oblong-lanceo- wide, purple- we i NA ees mus that of M. virginica: capsule spheroidal: seeds 8- broad.— (RATTLESNAKE-MASTER. jm and oe soil, various provinces, Ga. to Mo., Ky., and N. C. LEUCOJACEAE 319 4, AGAVE L. Usually monocarpic succulent or fibrous herbs rarely with a woody trunk (caudex), the usually large or very large crowded leaves per- isting for several years: blade ending in a spine, and usually with horny mar- ln teeth sometimes connected by a similar border or fraying away in threads as in Yucca. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 3 sepals and 3 nearly similar petals, which are partly united, mainly green. Stamens 6: filaments elongate: anthers versatile. Ovary inferior, 3-celled, with many ovules: stigma slightly 3-lobed. Capsule loeulieidal. Seeds many, thin, flat.—About 150 spe- cies, most abundant in tropical America.—MAGUEYS. CENTURY-PLANTS.—Plants flower only once, then die, but sometimes produce offsets at the base "en DEM minutely prickly or toothed, the prickles or teeth not raised on fleshy Leaf-blades narrow (5-10 em.) and long: caudex short or up to 2 m. tall. audex one leafless: leaf-blades deeply concave, the n with recurved or hooked regularly placed pric 1. A. decipiens. S permanently leafy : leaf-blades nearly flat, the mar- wi w and minute irregular prickles. 2. A. sisalana. Leaf-blades br oad "2 0-25 € and long: caudex very short, the plants thus acaulesce 3. A. neglecta. Leaf-margins prominently ca with gray teeth each of which is raised on a fleshy prominence. 4, A. americana. 1. A. decipiens Baker. Trunk 1-2 m. high: leaves 5-10 x 100-250 cm.; blades narrowly lanceolate, deeply concave, onteurving green, each with an abrupt coni- cal brown en eh ine il l the somewhat repand margins with re- s or hooked slender prickles about long, and borne 10 mm. apart: a 2-3 m. long on a scape of equal length, ellipsoid, with us ees owers greenish-yellow, fetid, : filame long nts aa 2 dle of the tube: eapsule ellipsoid,, 3.5— 5 lon t flowers often followed y abundant bulbils.—(FALSE-SISAL. ) group, and it has been suggested that they tubo prehistorie rol aC eun from Mexic If this be so, thei Mexican ancestors have been lost, or the Florida Bus have greatly bd 2. A. sisalana Perrine. Nearly trunkless: leaves 10 x 150 em.; blades sword- E eee flat, duci slightly glaucous, becoming green and glossy, with abrupt con ic gloss y bro end-spine 4—5 x 20-25 mm., the margins typieally with few and minute pri ickles: paniele 2 m. long on a seape of equal length, ellipsoid, with slender branches: flowers yellowish-green, fetid, 45-60 mm. long: filaments inserted about the upper third of the tube: capsule rarely pro- duced, but the flowers followed by numerous bulbils.—(S1SAL. SISAL-HEMP.)— Hammocks, Dons and eult. grounds, pen. Fla. and the Keys, escaped from ‘ants originally introduced from Yucatan. First planted in our i on Indian Key wher Cun descendants of the original planting still gro One of the more MERI fiber-plants. The product is used mainly for sae ne twine 320 LEUCOJACEAE 9. A. neglecta Small. Acaulescent: leaves spreading, 20-25 x 100—150 em.; blades broadly lanceolate, coneave, pale. and ap ous, each with a pede: brown scarcely decurrent end-spine e, abou t 2 x 25 mm., the straight ee with numerous close minute prickles: pa nicle 3 m. T ovoid, on h or four times as long: filaments inserted e the upper third. of ae tube: capsule brown, obovoid, accompanied by era ee CENTURY-PLANT Pinelands, hammocks, and kitchenmiddens, pen. ike A. decipiens this century plant thrives on kitchenmiddens an nd ola nal village sites. The Bartrams found ‘‘forests’’ of it int an duca River region in the eighteenth century. William Bartram figured it in his ‘‘Travels,’’? under the name of ** Agave vivipara.’’ It is extensively uio for ornament, in Florida. A. americana L. Acaulescent: leaves 15 x 100—200 em. ; blades oblanceo- ., the tops of large fleshy UE panicle 1—-1.5 m. du Dc cape wo or th j j . lon and at. of Mex., and escaping from eult.—A variety with variegated leaves i is commonly cultivated. 5. ATAMOSCO Adans. Herbs with coated bulbs. Leaves basal: blades nar Med penu Scape 1-flowered. Perianth white, pink, purple, or yellow. -o -Filam adnate up to the throat of the perianth-tube: anthers versatile. | PAPA E erb. ]—Ab out 50 species, natives of America Disi dd LILIES. STAGGER-GRASSES. AMARYLLIS. ZEPHYR-LILIES. FAIRY RAIN- LILIES.—An infusion made from the Duis is used by the "AIMÉ to cure toothache. eee een: the tube 1.5-2.5 cm. long: stigmas 8, Leaf-blades concave, with sharp margins: sepals and petals abr uptly pointed, Spathe fourth a third as long as the perianth: ce anih broadly funnelform, the sepals and pet als with spreading tips. 1. A. Atamasco. Spathe a third to a half as long as the perianth: pora dm parrew un the sepals and Bou ith t or ascending tip 2. A. Simpsonii. Leaf-blades nearly. even terete, with rounded margins: sepals and petals acuminate. 3. A. Treatiae. Perianth porate: the tube very short or wanting: stigmas 3-lobed. 4. A. candida. 1. A. masco (L.) Greene. Leaves 2-4 dm. long; blades concave, sharp- edged, mostly acute or acuminate: uide 2—9.9 em. tall, nearly terete: involueral ra tube: miu mainly white or pinkish ithi pals an ic, 6— inces, t iss, . Va.—! T.— Colonies of this ms are so densely p ed tha f e quantities of the flowers are gathered about Easter time and sold especially in southern cities A. Simpsonii (Chap Greene. ee 38-0 dm. long; Blades concave, LEUCOJACEAE purple zd 2 bod tt ndin nee e 3-lobed.— Low a resembles that of Cooperia of Texa 3. A. Treatiae (S. Wats.) Greene. terete, blunt-edged, bod obtuse: invo olueral bract nearly or quite as jong as p t within; sepals is petals narrowly elliptic, iC, adi 6-8 em. ing or aE merely ab ho. tips: d. pen. Leaves 1-4 dm. 321 near the base: involucral ADR Maid es and m. long, edi. der a “globose, “usually la.— Sor The perianth long; blades go are .5 dm. tall, terete or nearly so: the ia tube: ianth a narrowly urved sprea E above - m e pinelands and swamps, Fla.— 4, A. candida Caer Small, Leaves most! acute: scape the perian tube: it petals mte Or apte -oblanceolate, 2-3. globose, often somewhat depressed, more ld sides and o S. A.—Sum.- o dm. 3 dm. tall, slightly flattened : et lds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex 1-4. long; blades channeled, involucral cae equ alling imes pinkish and Nat. of the La Plata region, Herbs with succulent coated bulbs, the neck short. Leaves 6. C ! basal: blades narrow, usually li owered. Perianth salverform or funnelform, whit Filaments adnate up to the mouth of the perianth- tube. 60 species, mostly tropical. Steet salverform : sepals and petals shorter than the tube. anth funnelform: sepals and petals longer than the tube. ulb 7-11 em. thick: me a p = ianth white or pink- Per Swamps, rshes, and river-shores, Coastal Plain, Tla. to Tex —Spr.- fall. ongifolium (L.) 2. C. and Tease like those of pe e lr the tip, acu , S. La. Nat. of sS. Africa strum T a (Lam. oe earin r the flowers which a erimson- RUN poe whitish Suidstripe e borne Capsule lobed.—Fully 1. C. 2. C. leaf-blades 6-12 dm americanum. longifolium. . long, irregu- a bulbous e with narrow leaves ni in an umbel, the perianth on each lobe, the tube funnelform, the lobes broad (the Pages ovate), a en ve of tropical America, occurs in the Gulf States. It is known as 7. HYMENOCALLIS L. Herbs p blades linear or nearly so. Or uster, the flowers erect. purplish: pes elongate: lobes narrow. 21 with coated bulbs. Leaves basal, Scape terminated by a single flower Perianth showy, mostly white e, pink, Filaments adnate to the perianth- 322 LEUCOJACEAE tube above which they are connected by a crown.—About 40 Species, all Amer- ican.—SPIDER-LILIES ies: is a tentative interpretation of the species. Scape terminated by few (2-8) flowers: crown large Sepals ace sepals and oak green: scape terminated by 1-few oe and petals green: scape terminated by 2-few Sepals | Sie petals white: scape terminated by 1 flower. I. MULTIFLORAE Crown (flat) hexagonal. Cr put Mi the angles of the hexagon formed by the me- ia n with the angles of the hexagon formed by the fila- Crown (flat) poe the rounded lobes Bora notched. Flowers several, mostly 4-6, ina cluste on f the crown betw een the filaments eros Edge of the crown between the filaments with p 3 or 6 ee m of own between the filaments with 3, ier) 5 teeth, the middle tooth the largest, perdi [6] e-I Edge of crown between the filaments with a 2- toothed lobe, sometimes with a minute tooth be- een the pair of large teeth. tw SEAN R E from a trunca r or a Ras of the . wn, the pod teeth on each side: filaments arising fro be. 0 Sinus of the crown between the filaments Br oe teeth on eich side: filaments arising from a 2-pro lobe. TII. VIRIDIFLORA ol san. d e terminated by usually 2, more or less ng flow IV. UNIFLORA Slender plants: scape terminated by a single erect flower. I. MULTIFLORAE. II, PAUCIFLORAE. III. VIRIDIFLORAE. IV. UNIFLORAE, 1. H. keyensis. . Collieri. 9. H. Kimballiae. 4. H. occidentalis. 9. H. crassifolia. 6. H. tridentata. -1 . H. bidentata. 8. H.coronaria. 9. H. laciniata. 10. H. viridiflora. 11. H. Palmeri. ensis Small. Bulb-body AA Nin. leaves archin 1. H. key or less, shallowly channeled, green: e cely as long g, 8 dm. lon as the larger leaves, h flattened a b p-edged, E Uns Pss rs 10-16 together: hypan- 12- 17 Ton ng, or times shorter in the pem aries Bon. 3-angled: sepals elongate-line nearly as long as the pani, pw involute, the edges often almost meet- i ul i ca ee (Chapm. FI.). ]—Ma angrove EDS andy shores, and rarely hammocks, E em coast of pen. Fla. and the Key Spr.-sum 2. H. Collieri Small. Bulb-body s or less, nearly flat, acute, a scape 1 m. tall or pps directly flat- LEUCOJACEAE 323 tuu 11-19 ong, decidedly nea green below, white p o n 2.5—3.5 long: anthers orange, about 1.5 em. long: eapsule subglobose, often slightly depressed, stout-beaked, 2-3 em. in diameter.—Sandy shores and banks o estuaries, lower western eoastal DM pen. Fla.—Sum. H. Kimballiae Small. iaa body ovoid: us nd or dose. often pud n: dr bout as ; sli W n 2.5-3 em. wide, with a minute tooth between the filaments: anther about 2 em. long: we broadly ovoid, 2.5-3.5 em. long.—Swamps about the estuary of the cre River, Fla.—Sum.—The fragranee of the flowers Sen: that ae 4. H. occidentalis (Le Conte) Kunth. Leaves numerous; blades linear, about 6 dm. long or less, shallowly AR glaucous: seape about as tall as the edged longer leaves, 2-edged, glaucous: flowers usually 6 in a cluster, very "NC crown with the intervals me the filaments 4—6- ioo thed.—Meadows, hill- sides, and stream-banks, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Mo and Ind.—Spr.-sum.—The bulbs are said not to Scout: runners. 5. H. crassifolia Herb. Leaves few; blades linear, 5 dm. long or less, ur flat, bright-green: seape 4-6 dm. ta IL see flattened, pie ent: flov usually : = a cluster, fragrant: crown orbicular-hex xagonal in outline, the nee with a series of blunt or acute erose eee Du the filaments. —Marshes and river- ae, pO UN Plain, N E Fla . C.— Spr. 6. H. up Small. Leaves mostly 4 to 6; blades narrowly linear, 4—5 ong, somewhat channeled, keeled beneath, deep- green: seape about 3 dm tall 2 ER pr r tog r, r 5 wide, the edge between the filaments with 3—6 teeth, anaes 3 teeth, the middle tooth the largest.—Swamp es, E region, Fla —Con- s and spicuous on account of the n large toothed erown 7. H. bidentata Small. Leaves few, usually 3 or 4; blades narrowly linear, rather flat, deep-green: scape 3—4 dm. tall, decidedly flattened, with sharp edges, green: flowers usually 3 in a cluster: erown 4—4.5 em. W ide, the edge between the filaments with a prominent 2-toothed lobe, and UM with a joi dct iod een the larger ones.— Wooded hillsides , Appalachian provinces, —Spr —Remarkable for the small prominently lobed crown and rela- "UM broad pee and petals. H. coronaria (Le Conte) Kunth. Leaves as many as 8 together; blades pale up to 6 dm. long, shallowly oup scape 4-6 dm. tall, 2-edged, : flowers often 4 together, fragrant: n 5-6 cm. wide, with truneate lobes at the bases of the filaments, the aaa o with sharp irregular teeth: capsule often 2- or 3-lobed, ’ depresse ed, 2.5-3.5 e n diameter. mA 'eam- banks, rock islands and shoals, Coas tal Plain and adj. Piedmo nt, Fla. to Ala. and —Spr.—Bulbs said not to produce stolons. Plants occur Bod. re the fall line. Several localities have been destroyed by dams 9. H. laciniata Small. wen few; blades narrowly linear, 5 dm. long or less, Pr flat, deep-green: seape 2—4 dm. ta Il, mu see flattened, Pede glaucous: flowers usually 3 NEM very fragrant n 4—5 em. wide, agra with Z- ponite id lobes from which the filaments arise, d pocta Eod sinuses between them.—Swamps, N Fla.—Spr. 324 TAMACEAE 10. E. rotatum a rs Leaves usually 2 or 3; blades 2 nearly flat, glaucous: scape 2.5-3.5 dm. pe. arg 1 -edged, very glaucous: flowers usually 2 together, ent wn 4— wide, truneate at the peo of the filaments, with 2 or perd ie Tatera] "teeth o n the truneate parts: eapsule subglobose, slightly lobed, 2.5-3 em. wide. —Flat woods, N Fla.—Sp: ll. H. Palmeri S. Wats. Leaves 4 dm. long or her : os narrowly linea 5-10 mm. wide, channe roe angled on the back: scape 1-4 dm. tall, dame ea qM the edges rounded: flower erect, faintly fragrant hypan onn e 6-8 cm. long, ye ellowi sh-green, nearly terete: sepals narrowly line E ead involute- S petals similar bo p sepals, but sli ighüy nm edi about 5 em. wide, the limb white, flaring from a short greenish base, longer and narrow teeth on each side: filaments white, about 2.5 em. long. humilis S. Wats.]— (ArLIGATOR-LILY.)—Prairies and Everglades, Pet Fla.—Spr. Famy 2. TAMACEAE— Yam Fairy Perennial vines with rootstocks. Leaf-blades ribbed and netted- veined. wers monoecious or dioecious, or rarely perfect. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals eras the sepals. Androecium of 3-6 stamens, atest in pistillate flowers. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels, imperfect in staminate flowers. Dn inferior. Styles 3. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity of the ovary. Fruit a 3-winged, diis RSS or baecate.—AÀbout 10 genera and 175 nd mostly Ameri 1. DIOSCOREA [Plum.] L. Upper leaves alternate: blades mainly c date. Sepals and petals mainly green or whitish.—About 160 species, xis abundant in tropical regions.—Early sum.—WiLD YAM-ROOTS. YAM-VIN ES Staminate panicles solitary in s Rime, Lower leaves whorled in 4’s— € ades green Beneat th: eames sepals 1.5 mm. long ess. 1. D. quaternata. Leaf-blades glaucous beneath: staminate sepals over 1.5 2. D. glauca. Lower js typically alternate. Pistillate racemes many-flowered, many-fruited at matu- rity: stem internodes glabrous. 3. D. villosa. Pistillate racemes few-flowered, 1-4- fruited at maturity: stem internodes pubescen 4. D. hirticaulis. Staminate panicles clustered in ie PIE or sometimes indi- vidually solitary, and terminating the stem 9. D. floridana. D. quaternata ( Walt.) Gmel. dead k slender, mostly 1 cm. thick or less, sometimes :: rked, often with few short lateral MARE lower petioles dens e po at the base and the and glabrous: staminate sepals n or oval: Bd te gc f ian red: fruit obov 1.5-3 lon ~~ Woods and banks, a Plain and: eg. prov- inces, Fla. to La., Mo., and S Va. 2. D. glauca. Muhl. Root-stoek es undulate, glaucous and usually finely IXIACEAE 325 pubescent beneath: staminate sepals oval: e racemes flowered: fruits few, suborbicular to broadly obovate or obreniform, 2-3.5 cm. long.—Thickets and ri ch woods, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, S. o to Ark., Mo., nd Pa. n obreniform, 2 em. long or less. ’ Moist thickets and woods, various provinces, Va. to Tex., Minn., and Mass S. 4. D. hirticaulis Bartlett. Rootstock Mani pied and usually simple, bear- ing more slender short lateral Pte stem pubescent: leaf- uud: broadly ovate, densely pale- pu escent beneath: pistillate es ew-flowered: frui few, broadly f or deltoid. oe about 2 cm. long.—Br eh E Coastal Plain, Ga. an nd S 5. D. floridana Bartlett. Rootstock not seen: stem E leaf-blades broadly ovate. to ovate-hastate, decidedly acuminate, green t paler beneath than above, glabrous: stamin ate rang bu eiie often E elongate: pis tilate racemes few-flowered: frui oadly obovate to suborbieular, about 2 cm. long.—Moist des eal ‘Plain, Fla. to S. C. FAwiLy 3. IXIACEAE — Iris FAMILY Perennial, mostly caulescent herbs with short or long root tstocks. o partially adnate to the pe erianth. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovary ip Styles entire or divided, cns petal-like. Ovules few or nu Fruit a loeulieidal 3-valved Dun ule.—About 60 genera and 1, 000 : EUN. of wide geographie distributio Style-branches or stigmas alternate with the stamens stamens not lying against the style-branches. ribe I. SISYRINCHIEAE. Style-branches or stigmas opposite the stamens: stamens ly- ing against the style-branches. Tribe II. IRIDEAE. ISYRINCHIEAE Filaments distinct or united into a very short tube: sepals and petals obtuse or merely acute: capsule erect, more or less elongate. Style-body very short- columnar, surrounded by the filament- e e ra pP slender-subulate: stigmas capitate l utely 1. NEMASTYLIS. Style- body eines clavate or trumpet-shaped, not sur- nded by the filament-tube: style-branches at and stigmas reniform or columnar, and stigma o Flower zygomorphie, the style declined, the stamens ed nding: perianth nodding: stigmas reniform, eading. 2. SALPINGOSTYLIS. Flower actinomorphic, the style and stamens erect: erianth erect: stigmas erect. 3. BELAMCANDA. Filaments united into a long tube and around the style: sepals and ps mucronate or aristate at the apex: cap- sule subglobose 4. SISYRINCHIUM. Style-branches petaloid and appendage d at the tip: onu distinct. lower terminating a short leafy branch from the roo Stock: hypanthium tube elongate, nearly or quite dn long as the sepals: seeds arillate. 5. NEUBECKIA. Flower or flower-clusiers on tall stems, subtended by foliaceous bracts: hypanthium tube very short: seeds not arillate. 6. IRIS. Style-branehes not petaloid and unappendaged: filaments united. T. HERBERTIA. 326 IXIACEAE 1. NEMASTYLIS Nutt. Herbs with bulbs and usually branehed ee stems. Leaf-blades narrow, plieate. Flowers erect, actinomorphic. violet or blue, except the white ‘‘eye,’’ sometimes white, the petals Sig smaller than the sepals. Filaments s united. Anthers coiling from the tip. Style with 6 slender-subulate radiating branches, longer than the Mo Stigmas 6, minutely notched or tufted-capitate. Capsule erect.—A few species, American, —CELBSTIALS, CELESTIAL-LILIES. Perianth blue: sepals oval: petals rhombic-oval. 1. N. acuta. Perianth meine sepals elliptic or narrowly elliptic-obovate: petals elliptic 2. N. floridana. 1. N. acuta (Bart.) Herb. Plant 1.5-4 dm. tall, with a bulb usually 1.5-2 em. in diameter: leaf-blades narrowly attenuate, sharply plieate: scape slender, usually sparingly ana o brane the Dude slender: perianth 25 RAE ra Nutt. ]—Rich dp: and is elay soil on wooded en Coastal Plain and adj. pro - o Tex., Kàn, and Ten Spr. —rhe flowers of this. ike Eum of ost of our iridaceous plants, open in tlie early foren noon, the EN lasting for a few hours. 2. N. floridana Small. Plant 4-15 dm tall, with a bulb usually a 2 em. in diameter: leaf-blades ve ery narrow and slenderly attenuate, sharply plicate: scape very un m Dane d, the branches ver slender, often almost filiform: perianth 3 wide: sepals elliptic or narrowly elliptic -obovate: ne B id style up mu onger than the body: capsule obovoid, ong.—Swamps, er p flat-woods, AS eoastal region of Fla MA i "o flowers of this autumn floweri ng plant—our other iridaceous plants being spring-Aowering— open about four rues in the afternoon and close about six o’cloc 2. SALPINGOSTYLIS Small. Herbs with bulbs and usually branch- ing flower-stems. Leaf-blades very ea plicate. Flowers 1 or 2 in the terminal erect, spathe. Fowers no the d slightly smaller than sepals. Filaments distinct or nearly so. style-branches. Capsule pee —One cies 1. S. coelestina (Bartr.) Small. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, with a bulb 1-1.5 cm. in IXIACEAE 327 diameter: i i very 2 linear-attenuate, IA plieate: e very slender, simple or rarely branched: perianth 4.5—6 wide: als obovate: EE ne cuneate or cuneate-obovate: one, eer style n or quite 1 cm. long: capsule ellipsoid or elli n s 1.5-2 em. long. Eie coelestina Bartr. Nemastylis coelestina Nutt. i art] Flatwoods N pen. and S Ga. (?)—Spr.—The flowers are locally aig violets BELAMCANDA Adans. Caulescent herbs with horizontal rootstocks. m me folded. Flowers in corymbose cymes. Sepals and petals pink, orange, or reddish, mottled with crimson- purple spots, nearly equal, distinet or nearly so, persistent and coiled on th capsule.—One species. 1. B. chinensis (L.) DC. Stem 3-13 dm. tall: leaf-blades with the faces united above the middle: sepals and pet- als a 2. 9-3. o em. long: capsule 2-2.5 lon seeds black, shining. ieee ae Kuntze ]|—(BLACK- RY-LILY. PARDELLE.)—Dry hills, road- sides, and fence-rows, various provinces ex. : d ; : China, and cult—(W. I.)—Sum.—An EP escape from gardens. 4. SISYRINCHIUM L. Perennial scapose usually tufted Bree -like herbs, nd fibr ts. L with distinct or obsolete rootstocks an rous roots. Leaves basal: blades linear: scapes 2-edged or 2- Ae when branched each node furnished wit a bract resembling a leaf- e: flowers in terminal clusters arising from spathes of mostly 2 bracts aa Perianth blue, white or yellow: lobes s spread- ing. Stamens 3; filaments united to ae top or nearly so: anthers clustered. Ovary 3-celled: style-branches filiform, alternate with the anthers, or styles mostly wholly united: ovules few to many in each cavity of the ovary. p- sule subglobose or ena or longer than thick, globular or angled, readily opening near the apex.—Numerous species, all American.—BLUE-EYED GRASSES: FEVER-GRASSES. IRISETTES. ae sachs ea ie of this genus by the late Eugene Pintard B in vu are nume ritieal species not here included may be found in the Flora of the ura States. This partial revision pre- pared by Edward Johnston Alexander. Scape terminated by a sessile or a pair of sessile EDAM: SESSILES. Scape terminated by one or more peduncled spathes na PEDUNCULATAE. SESSILES l Old shreds, not persistent, or E so, merely soft, loose Spathe solitary or normally s Le af. blades ds Pape moss 1. A 5 mm. wide, dis- tinctly winged: capsule 4-6 mm. lon 1. S. angustifolium. Leaf blades s anal scapes mostly ieee an s, 5 mm. wide, ned or narrowly winged: capsule 2-4 mm. ; lon ne 2. S. mucronatum, Spathes ou O or rarely 3 or Bancs solitary in Bosne distinctly winged: leaf-blades 1.5-3 m wide: spathe and scape smooth and glabrous or eat SO. 3. S. albidum. 328 IXIACEAE es margined or narrowly winged: leaf-blades 1-2 m. wide: eo and scape pubescent with stiff, cule-like hai . S. scabrellum. Old leaf- bacs persistent, forming dense tufts of straight bristle-like fiber . S. capillare. II. PEDUNCULATAE peranti not yel PA m Rn d Rete densely fibrous at n bas pe Mer an distinctly winge er loc and athe-bracts rugose-veined : cap- vale thick-walled : plant drying dark. 6. S. cerophyllum. Leaves and VERE e-bracts not rugose: capsule thin-walled : plant not oo dark. T. S. fibrosum, Scape margined or anco Plant drying dark. Flowering scapes farce pee 8. S. incrustatum. Flowering scapes smooth-edged. 9. S. fuscatum. Plant n. crying dark. Pedun A pvp T Shorter than he D bract 10. S. rufipes. Peduncles not fascicled, as Jong as or longer than the subtending bract 11. S. floridanum. Tufts H “at the base without fibers or not densely fibrous e broadly ged. 12. S. graminoides. uo a OP narrowly winged. 13. S. atlanticum. Plant (tft) m dn depressed radially spreading leaves Perianth ae violet, or purple: capsule subglobose. 14. S. rosulatum. Perianth in -rose: capsule oblong to narrowly obovoid. 15. S. minus. Perianth yellow 16. S. Brownei. 1. S. angustifolium Mill Plant glaucous, 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades 1-3 m wide: spathe green or merely purple-tinged, the outer braet with the pe united 3-6 mm. above the base: cap- sule dull-brown or Iu e -tinged.—Woods, fields an eadows, various provinces, Ala. to La., Colo., Sask., Ont., Newf., and N. C.—Spr 2. S. mucronatum Michx. Plant green or glaucescent, mostly 1-4 dm. tall: dii perd |o slender or up e base stram or greenish-yellow.—Mead- OWS, hillsides, and grassy places, various provinces, Fla. to uos Ont, and Mass.—Spr. 3. S. albidum Raf. Plant more or less tufted, 1.5-4.5 dm. tall, green T glaucous: leaf-blades mostly 1.5 mm. wide (1.5-3.5 mm.): scapes s 15- 3 r : perianth 8-12 mm. ong, e clear white or violet-blue: capsule pale, broadly sub- globose, 2-3 mm long, thick- walled.—Dry or moist cUm often in meadows, various provinces, Ala. to La., Mo., Mieh., end N.C 4, S. scabrellum Bicknell. Plant E md 2.5-4 dm. tall, slightly fibril- lose at the base, dull pale-green or glau escent: leaf-blades i- mm. wide: seapes slender, longer than the pe e 1-2 m wide, flattened: spathes 2, or rarely 3, to od nbi green, the primary Bo 3.5-11.5 em. long, the outer bract attenuat .2-3.8 . long, surpas sing the inner braets: n n blue, 8-12 mm. one Hillsides or woods, various provinces, Ga. to N. C.—Spr 5. S. capillare Bicknell. Plant extremely slender and delicate, 2-4.5 dm. tall, in thin tufts, closely fibrillose at the base, glaucescent, drying a dull olive- IXIACEAE 329 gre een: leaves almost filiform, 0.5 mm. wide or less: scapes higher than the pale which they resemble: spathes pr mostly in pairs, sometimes solitary, green, braets iip Ar eue 10—13 mm. long, narrowly aeute or aculeate: perianth Bight "viole t-blue, 6-8 . long: eapsule pale, subglobose, 2-3 mm. high.—Flat ndy woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—Spr. 6. S. xerophyllum Greene. Plant erect, stout, 2-6.5 dm. tall, rg Ps wn often glaucescent: leaves strietly PUn usual much more than 1 s tall a s li i mm. wi stricted dn 7. S. fibrosum Bicknell. Plant loosely tufted, 2-3 dm. d d coated at the base, pale and glaucescent, often yellowish-green: leaf-blades 2-5 mm. wide; scapes longer than the leaves, 2-3 mm. wide, broadly Mind ‘the edges ae serrulate or even ciliolate: spathes 15-20 mm. long, the bracts nearly equal: ia dn violet-blue, 8-10 mm. long: eapsule pale ne thin-walled, broadly oid, 3-4 mm. high. [S. carotinianum Bicknell, not Klatt.]—Woods and fields, VARIUS cro Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr. 8. S. incrustatum Bicknell. Plant 2.5-5 dm . tall, coarsely eae at the base, dull-green and glaucescent, drying dark: leaf-bla des . wide, striate, harshly rugulose-seabrous to densely incrustate roughened ‘with e papillae, the edges ciliolate-serrulate: scapes 1.5-3 mm. wide, roughened like the leaves: spathes 1.5-2.5 em. long, the nearly equal s acute to oe a perianth about 8 mm. long: capsule subglobose, dark, 3-4 mm. long.— ist a soil and open grassy woods, Piedmont e Coastal Plain, s. C. to N. ©. —Sum 9, -S. fuscatum Bicknell. Plant 15-50 em. high, more or less fibrous at base, dull-green and glaucescent, drying dark: leaf-blades 0.5-2.5 mm. wide: scapes longer than the leaves, 0.75-2 mm. wide, smooth-edged: s spathes narrow, the subequal braets firmly herbaceous, striate, bue idate-acuminate: perianth about 10 mm. long: capsule 2.5—4 mm. = ign h, broadly subglobose, drying dark.—S andy soil, Coastal 1 Plain, Fla. to Miss. nid 10. S. rufipes Bicknell. Plant 1.5-3 dm. tall, with rufous E Eo fibers at the base, rather bright-green and Slee: leaf-bla des 1-2.5 mm. wide: cap ut as tall as the leaves, about 1 E a ed, braeteal leaf subtending a eluster of 2 or 3 short-peduncled spathes and some- or eh: spath A 12 mm. long, aets somewhat divergent: perianth blue, about 8 mm. long: anthers relatively large: capsule about 3 mm. high.—Sand hills, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. C.—Early Spr. 41. S. floridanum Bicknell. Plant tufted, 2.5-5 dm. tall, pii fibrillose at the base, dull-green pun Eu leaf -blades 2-3 mm. wide: scapes narrowly rm ma green or slightly Dou. 15- 20 n . long, the bracts nearly rer perianth pale-blue, about 10 mm. long: capsule pale, Bune een 3-4 mm. high—Sand, pen. Fla.—Lat e Wint —early Spr. 12. S. graminoides Bicknell. Plant erect, bright green, 1. in dm. tall, cater leaves erect, usually about i as tall as cape or less ; blades narrowly i h, 1. m de: s : : a 4-6 mm. long, thin-walled. [S. anceps Sree Fl)]—Meadows, wet woods and grassy places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Newf.—S 13. S. atlanticum Bicknell. Plant green, often glaucous, 1-7 e . tall: leaves slender, often wiry, narrowly-margined: spathes green or PODES, 1-2 cm. 330 IXTACEAE long: perianth 8-14 mm. wide: capsule oval to subglobose, 3-5 mm. lon ng.— Fields, moist ay es woods, D erit and dol hu salt- -ma arshes, various provinces, Fla. , Mich., e.— —A. relatively slender pr.— plant of wide dioe, range, ju uo in the width of the leaves and scapes. 14. S. d ssp Bieknell Plant rosulate, the pu up to E dm. long, often a cH leaves 2-8 em. long, light-green; blades 1 1.5-2.5 m vide: peduncles 2—10 e m. long, slender, but often more broadly winged Mani the scape: spathes a > peri j g but We 2.5—3.5 mm. Wo pa often grassy dunes and mea ows | S. n its Meis habit 15. S. minus Engelm. & Gray. Plant e in loose tufts, the branches up to 2 "ae pend iT zigzag: leaves 2-7 em. long, deep-green; blades t thin, 1-4 mm. wide: scape branched and leafy from base, margin or narrowly winged: peduncle 4—6 em. long: the larger spathe-br -3.5 em. lon ri- anth old-rose, barely 1 em. wide: d nodding, light-brown, corrugat ob- long to narrowly obovoid, 3-5 mm. lon ng.—Dry, usually clay soil and E Coastal Plain, La. to cent. Tex x— Spr. 16. S. Sus ownei Mr M Plant slightly p 10—15 em. tall: leaf-blades 2-3 mm. wide: spathe green, the outer bract with the edges united 1-3 mm. above me base: portant yellow 5—7 mm. lon » the divisions with a brown nerve without and brown spots at the base within: capsule subglobose, 2-3 mm. long, green with brown stripes.—Low, swampy ground, ur Plain, S E La.—Spr. . NEUBECKIA Alef. Tufted grassy acaulescent herbs of dry woods or roeky ledges, with wiry, more or less knotted rootstocks, the roots fibrous. Leaves imbrieate on the flowering braneh. Hypanthium-tube elongate, often filiform. Perai mainly blue or violet, and more or less variegated. Sepals with beaded or papillose crests. Capsules long-stalked, thin-walled. Seeds arillate.—About 12 species, nod distributed in ud rate regions.—Albino flowers occur in the several species.—Spr.—D WARF-IR Sepal pe a papillose crest: petals long-clawed : seed with a crest- like a 1. N. verna. io with a beaded crest: petals short-clawed : seed with a caudate ril. 2. N. cristata, N. verna (L.) Alef. Leaf-blades cpg ee linear, much elongating in a i at least on one side, mostly 4-8 m wide: flower violet- ere perianth aude violet-blue or rarely with a Ae eas yellow crest extending from the base of the claw well up i V .)— Open acid woods m dry Tu nelands, various provinees, Ga. to Miss, Ky. Pa.— The n rs e ie iris is quite Sener Sandy fields and woods where it abounds look as if dotted with large violets, and, moreover, its sole ae decidedly resembles that of the European sweet- violet. IXIACEAE 331 2. N. cristata (Ait.) Alef. Leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceo- late, somewhat elongating in age, often glaucescent, mostly 9-20 mm. wide, usually curved, sometimes faleate: flower faintly scent ted: perianth mainly pale- a or sometimes us hypanthium- AN Qv pia under the perianth: sepals euneate-spatulate to narrow ly obov m. long, os white or eS bloteh in ihe A ede crest eee with RM Pig donk E or oval, varying to ovo obovoid, mostly 1-1. . long, e- s larger, m End. beaked. Uris a Ait. To DWARF- a dba Rich woods, banks, ona cliffs, various provinces, Ga. to Ark. and Md. 6. IRIS L.1 Gregarious reedy acaulescent herbs of swamps and marshes, h fleshy, usually stout rootstocks, the roots fleshy. Leaves basal, elongate, Mes mostly erect. Flower- a nd or rarely proeumbent, with one or more leaf- like bracts. Flowers solitary or several together, each subtended by an involucre of bractlets, which is subtended by a foliaceous braet. Hypan- thium-tube short. Perianth violet, blue, red, yellow, or white, often variegated. Sepals without crests or with narrow papillose or hairy crests in the upper part of the claw and the lower part of the more or less a blade. Petals shorter than the sepals. Style-branches arching, with a pair of apical equilateral appendages. Stigma entire or 2-lobed. Capsule faa allel. Seeds corky.—Fully 100 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—Albino i various speci J shock following alligator-bite.—Following is an incomplete and pp tentative interpretation of the irises of the Gulf States, dud rd rly of t lower Mississippi Delta. A complete interpretation must ait further hn stocks and by an annual accretion of seedlings without showing variation in the characters of the perianth. Petals present and well developed, nearly as long = the sepals. Perianth shades of copper-red, orange-red, salmon or rarely yellow, or even red, usually with an orange cast, but sometimes mage or lilac; Pe un noticeably present except as a midrib of the I. FULVAE. Penn usually E ein g from brown-red through red ink to purple, violet, and lilac to white, bla Hypanthium surrounding the ovary six-an iege main bract of the terminal involucre with an elongate tip, equalling or exceeding the flower: stigma two-lobed. Capsule iix cidecd or six-lobed; flower-stalks erect i nearly So. Crest of the sepal apparently not present, x and the claw being of the same color the sepal- D de, the crest therefore indistinguisha II. EcRISTATAE. - Crest of the cual very apparent as a po ominent rib, which is usually some 1 Study of the ae region irises done with the cooperation of Edward Johnston Alexander. The following iicet on is by Mr. Alexander. 332 IXIACEAE Crest extending but a short distance into the sepal- pe split down- ward from the ex by a dark median lin Crest extending well into the sepal- blade, with an acute or acuminate Crest with one or re laterals on either side of median. ae ay demarked from it, and radi- ally spreading. Crest rh several radially spreading aterals. Crest-zone not surrounded b ing streaks EM dots or by a sharp outli Crest median acute or acumi- nate, not apically cleft. s S ees split downward the ape x by a dark medi ian lin Crest-zone surrounded by a white i fro Capsule sharply six-angled; flower-stalks zig- zag; erect or reclinin Hypanthium surrounding the ovary three-angled ; main bract of the etre involucre much igma ed indehiscent, often decaying ie release seeds. Hypanthium and capsule Sharply three-angled ; PE slender and muys capsule dehis- ent by M iss e apical valves. Petals present, but almost rudimentary and half-hidden by Mie claws which far exceed them Perianth vio violet-blue, or white dn albinos, e - Perianth yellow, or cream color in noe T sepal- crest outlined by black streaks. I. FUL Plant relatively slender, erect: sepals aa pare short claws: petals scarcely clawed. II. EcRISTATAE Slender plants with purple or red-purple flowers: sepals M A etals rather long and slender: the sepals not III. BICRISTATAE iia drooping immediately upon opening: color of ds ae extending down into the upper part of I raf exserted: crest clear- colored except for median cleft. Ern th red, orange-red, or copper-red. nth mauve, violet, or purple. Asics E er rest muddied throughout with dark blote Petals erect or Soreadin ng, not drooping until late in the ay, if a! x eolor of sepal-blade and claw mark- Perianth S lavender, or purple. Perianth lavender or pale-violet. IIT. BICRISTATAE. IV. UNICRISTATAE. V. LANCICRISTATAE. VI. TRICRISTATAE. VII. CORONICRISTATAE. VIII. RADIICRISTATAE. IX. HEXAGONAE. X. VERSICOLORES. XI. PRISMATICAE. XII. TRIPETALAE. XIII. PSEUDACORI. 1. I. fulva. 2. I.ecristata. . I. subfutva. I. regifulva 5. I. rubea. B OO 6. I. rosiflora. IXIACEAE Perianth lavender: sepal-blade nearly as broad as long. Perianth p uere sepal-blade much longer than ar vello ists green, deeply cleft, extend- barely into the base of bl ade. Crest Seid only notched, extending well into the blade. Perianth p -violet, red: violet, or purple. Perianth red- vo olet Perianth deep-viole t. Sepal- blade yeaa as wide as ine: Sepal-blade much longer than wide. IV. UNICRISTA Sepal- nog truly solitary, not even ins eres "iere nt. Perianth fulvous, orange-red, or orange. Crest crimson or carmine. Crest yellow. Perianth arg or salmon-colored, the veins not promin Perianth orange-red or orange: the veins very pr Pehianth. ent or orange-red: crest clear ellow. Pe eria nth pinkish- orange or smoky-orange: rest greenish. Perianth otherwisely colored. Perianth verging towards pink and reddish VE Petals drooping: perianth various shades of mauve or pin Petals Pi ,Dérianth various shades other Sepal- blade Te times as long as claw nth evenly colored, the flower ETT crest extending nearly half Perianth heavily flushed orange on ES portions Jof sepal-blades, petals, an style-branches flower rose- ented: crest es tendihe only % the len gth of the blade. PEDE blade not over twice as long as claw. rianth intense v e me urpie * : Perianth not vinaceous. Sepal-blade very ben with brown: ow Sepal- blade not pocos veined: crest Ton k-yellow Perianth violet or laven Sepal-blade sharply differentiated from claw. Perianth lavender or white, Perianth dark violet-blue. Sepal-blade tapering gradually into claw. Sepal- i: t not truly solitary, rudimentary laterals prominently crest yel- Perianth violet-purple or rose: times as long as the claw ron wine-red: sepal- -blade not over twice as long sepal-blade fully 3 V. LANCICRISTATAE Crest present as a raised ridge Crest- n only one well developed on either side. Per n some shade o ron om or brown-red. anth not m a ins ned. Gros latovalg a out very sharply from blade-color: perianth orange-rose. Crest: laterals _indistinetly outlined: peri- nth brownish-r Perianth markedly ve n Perianth OaS, flushed LM pale e near base of blades jt oo nM n 29. . I. fuscirosea. 4. T. . I. chlorotopha. . I. acleantha. . I iophaea. . I. ludoviciana. . I. ianthina. . I. violivenosa. . I. pyrrholopha. I. salmonicolor. . I. fulvaurea. 6. I. fumifulva, I. fumiftora. . I. moricolor. . I. fuscaurea. . I. purpurissata. . I. viridivinea. . I. fuscivenosa. . I. crocinubia, . I. miraculosa. I. atrocyanea. . I. tyriana I ainlimarnaron i £ £ . I. vinicolor. I. rosilutea. 333 334 IXIACEAE Perianth veined red-brown over old- rose: crest laterals not extending into claw. Perianth flush-veined, flushed pale sal- on on lower edges of petals and ERT crest laterals extending into claw : Per ub rose-lilac, flushed with lavender a base of blade. eu "ed. -purple, purple, violet, or lilac. e red- do DIEN or lilae rianth lila epal- blade nearly as broad as long, the bas ale: crest- rs very nar i perianth pale-lila soper blade much longer "een broad, the not pale: aeu terals broad ; riolet. rest extending scarcely at all into sepal-blade ; uc. if present, des narrow and indistin Crest extending well "HS sepal-blade Jaterals usually present bad discinct Perianth E o violet-blue Crest yellov nther S ot bifurecate: flower "Hob SUE Perianth markedl dark-veined. rest-laterals deep- Sm the zone at the junction of claw and blade See outside of sepals greenish- Crist- la rals white or cream, the claw nearly white, as also the zone a the junction: outside of sepals early white Perianth ae masii veined. pe Eu anthers bifurcate: flower fr Crest- lateral 2 Ut more w M Ope on either side. erianth red-lilae or rose-li Perianth violet, blue-violet, oe lavender. erianth violet or blue-viole Crest-laterals the same color as the crest: about twice as long as aw. Perianth light-violet: sepals spreading. Perianth dol violet: sepals recurved. Crest-laterals paler than crest: sepal-blade abou times as long as claw. Crest lemon: sepal- blade entire us : oran ge -yellow : sepal- blade erose- argine Perianth res der Crest rts as a groove, but colored light-yellow. VI. TrI Crest-zone not sharply rere from ae pud E on but merging gradually into Crest-zone sharply demarked from the sepal-color Crest-laterals well hd cocos their color endis upward from e Crest- oo PE media nd. fro ach other by cine or ere of ano ice colo Perianth dull-rose, the crest-laterals very nar- and n inent. Perianth red-purple or maroon, the crest- laterals inent. Crestlaterals merging into the median and all together forming a triangular color-blotch at base of. sepal-blade. n verging towards rose and red shades. nth rose or poe eate, "P aaah intensely colored: crest evenly 31. 9) I. rubicunda. 32. I. cerasioides. 33. c2 Ni ~” 37. Q2 O0 Ha OO Oo NN - 43. 44. QU cC ER © I. rosipurpurea. . I. regalis. I. fourchiana. I. oenantha. . I. iocyanea. . I. ioleuca. . I. cyanantha. . I. bifurcata. . I. rubrolilacina. I. viridis. I. citriviola. I. iodantha. I. gentilliana. . I. lancipetala. . I. pseudocristata, . I. rhodantha. . I. parvirosea. . I. Marplei. IXIACEAE Crest clear yellow: sepal-blade BLUR tapering to claw Sepals brilliant | carmi ine-rose, PRSE ine ES petals pale sal- n-pin Se Saal s and petals dull-rose. e olive-yellow: sepal- blade grad- ally tapering to claw Perianth pale-colored : cree yellow at center, pale elsewhere. Perianth purple or red-purple. rest orange-yellow ; crest- -zone a shortly radial, unspotted area. a lemon; crest-zone lanceolate, - otted and streaked. Perianth porum g towards violet or violet-blue. Crest- laterals only short streaks or spot- po E color not extending upward from the Perianth deep-violet. Perianth maroon, magenta, or vinaceous. Sepal-claw pale, dark- veined only abov a eer T os dark-veined all ee ` except CORONICRISTATAE II. icis D extending but little into the sepal-blade. dir heavily streaked and spotted with creamy- Perianth, "if streaked and POTG so marked by yel- orange, or brownish Radiasi- zone gradually merging into sepal-color with no distinct outline. ^ brown-red: style- Perianth red-violet or purple: Style branches not yellow-winged. Radial. L'zone xo demarked from sepal-color, not ergin Great median merely notched at apex: laterals forming a straight-sided ree bloteh. Crest oon deeply cleft at laterals t forming a straight- sided Fane aa laterals “forming an EE bloteh, not streaking into the blade- Crest-laterals radiating i inte e blade-color. Crest- ee streaked and blotched well into the sepal- Only the mid-portion of crest yellow, the lateral por- tions all flushed and overstreaked with brown one Eo zone of crest yellow, the lateral portion metimes brown or violet-spotted on margins. Radial MAREA i confined to lower-central half of sepa di ht-yell ow, the radial QutHine streaked into, and itself Epal color. Radial streakings extending all over blade. AT with the bee RADICRISTATAE Capsule six-ribbed: species Floridia Perianth white, except the yellow crest. Perianth color ed. tale apoer dases shallowly obluntly toothed, cap- sule 6-ribbed. Style-appendages deeply and sharply toothed, cap- sule bluntly 6-sided. Capsule six-lobed: species not Floridian. Pe a longer ent the claw. nth white: sepal-cre with SOn Of don or greenish selow. Perianth colored, or if white, with no greenish veinings. Crest- E nearly white, AE Bonn yellow : perianth pale with lilac ve lateral 52. 53. 94. I. 55. I. I. callirhodea. I. rhodochrysea. id. kl. ids sd vds . I. ca . L. T4. I. ad 76. I. DéWinkeleri. pallidirosea. . Thomasii. 57. I. s ds am So USER iochroma. atroenantha. . fuscisanguinea. albilinea. . auralata. . phoenicis. violilutea. lopha. chrysolopha. chrysaeola., chrysophoenicea. llilopha. schizolopha. . Albispiritus. . Savannarum, Kimballiae. elephantina. venulosa. 336 IXIACEAE Crest-zone yellow as well = ET then a ned white: perianth not markedly ny. CRE us eolor extending upwards from the Grest zone sharply demarked, not over- flushed with darker color, and un spott Crest yellow or orange, separated i or (e sepal color by a zone White D completely surround- ing the sepal-crest, and streaked a ns flecked into the sepal blade color. White zone only at base of crest and streaked Mri ped into the sepal-blade: the crest me- dian extending “into the blade with ony 2 dark outline and ot paler zone, Crest lemon oe Sellos with a pale- edo ow or Ds -lemon zone, but white zo Crest extending. '15 or length of the sepa. blade, the n ridge not mark- Perianth red-violet : sepal- pale-yellow crest-zone. Perianth violet, or violet blue; E lemon with ae pale- 3 Great” B Hd full ló way own the sepal- blade, the me- dian ridge very markedly raise Crest-zone not at all demarked, over- dr with darker color, and hea vily Spo Cr sidus ee only on o ode not tending upwards from cla Sepal-blade in claw of equal length. : IX. HEXAGONAE Stem flower-bearing on the upper part, erect: sepal-blade oval. Style-appendages half-o ovate: claw of the BEDA! coer treaks extending into the lower third of ' the blade: perianth rich-violet. Crest of the sepal accompanied near the base of ee blade with a narrow zone of yellow streaks, it violet-blue. Style-appendages lanceolate: claw of the sepal deep- without : foliage deep-green. Stem flower-bea ring from near the base, decumbent or pro ate. Petals with long, slender claws: plants with long, iod pn which usually lie on the ground at Petals "with. “sho rt, broad claws: plants with rela- Sepal- blade ovate; crest- median extending beyond the white zone he blade orbicular- -ovate; crest-median exceeded PRISMATICAE Very slender gregarious plants with grass-like leaves, the brightly variegated sepals with slender claws: rootstock wiry, with brown scales, -1 78 I. -1 co A 81. I. 00 O0 Co On a ds ae AA -€— 85. I. 88. I. I. giganticaerulea. paludicola. Wherryana. citricristata. alticristata. aurilinea. fluvi a IER hexagona. . alabamensis. . rivularis. foliosa. brevipes. . mississippiensis. prismatica. 7 Ce ne a hd HER IL LUCOUUCCLC OO HN IXIACEAE 337 XI. VERSICOLORES Seeds in two rows in each carpel: sepal-blade orbicular- AE crestless, with very short zone of yellow- green extending but little if at all into the blade: E inno violet to purple. Sepals and petals with broad claws much es than the blades: petals much shorter than the sepals: style-appendages undulate-angulate. 2, I. versicolor. Sepals and petals with narrow claws nearly or quite 4. the sepals: style-appendages ine 93. I. Shrevei. Seeds; in one row in each carpel: dad blade obovate, oval, or elliptic or nearly so, ustally slightly crested, the crest papillose, with a zone of ye 2 or orange- yellow extending far into the claw from one-third to nearly one-half its length: perianth T lisht-vtolet to laven- der or whitish (very rarely violet). 94. I. virginica. TRIPETALAE Relatively slender plants with ee cord- like rootstocks : sepal-blade pat dart as or oval, with yellow blotch at the base: petal oe or slightly o ‘lobed, much shorter than the sepal- pied 5. I. tripetala. XIII. PSEUDACORI Plants B bright-yellow flowers, or cream COLOREM in al- binos: leaves overtopping the inflorescence 96. I. Pseudacorus. 1. I. fulva Ker. Flower-stalk erect, mostly 0.5— 1.5 m. tall, slightly zigzag: flowers slightly fragrant: hypanthium covering the ovary sharply 6-angled: j le t opper- Swamps, | and . ditches, Coastal Plain a rarely more northern provinces, Ga. to E Tex., Mo., and Ky.—%Spr. — The ud of color through whieh this species ranges seem endless. They are various shades of orange, salmon, copper, E Don salmon-red, crimson, and’ scarlet, many of them curiously strea A. yellow- flowered form furnishes the only true yellow among our native eastern irises. 2. a SO iy d Flower- stalk erect, strict: flowers scarcely fra- grant: sepals 8-9 g, arching: the claw greenish-yellow veined with yellow. green, the blades spatulate, D twice as long as the claw, wine-red to w PEE irregularly veined with br E purple, crestless, but the mid- rib of the e extending into the blade icu red-purple band: petals somewhat shorter than the sepals, wine- peret e-purple, except the yellow base of the claw: capsule not seen.—Swamps, ditches, and bayous, S La.—Spr. 8. I. subfulva Small Flower-stalk erect, rigid: sepals recurv long, the claw yellow, its wings pen neilled and flushed brown TT o : ; e ; dark me : einy: orange-red, paler on the s and wings, the wing-margins yellowish; appen- dages flushed le: ere meets capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes, and ditches, S La.—Spr. 22 338 IXIACEAE I pd s about 7 cm. long, the claw dull or i at base wings a j reely veined, edian band slightly darker, the beg g as greenish-yellow midrib in the claw and e ending asal part of the blade where it becomes dull-yellow and i finally split apically by the dark blade-median w replaces it: petals magenta-purple, somewhat shorter than hich lace ew the sepals: style-branches light rose-purple, wing-margined, light-yellow; ap- nds dark red- ini te day pale cbe -purple beneath: anther-tips exserted: mps La.—Spr. 5. I. rubea Alexander. Flower-stalks erect, stiff: sepals reflexed, about 7 cm. long, the claw yellow, its wings veine and streaked with orange-brown the median rib erat -green, the blade a dark ruby color veined eee wi E. triple median v of black-crimson and M flushed orange and n lower margin; crest ded the yellow tip of the claw-midrib, but nen pide by reason is many splotches and streaks of brown which cover it: petals droop- ing, brow Du. the lower E alf flushed and streaked brown-orange: style- branches brownish-ruby, their wings pink-margined: appendages brownish- indi above, orange-flushed beneath: anther- -tips included: capsule oval, about long, 6-angled.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. . I. rosiflora Small. Flower-stalk striet, rigid: flowers slightly den sepals 7-8 em. long, spreading, the claw suffused with cream- -color or pal 0 ] se, and bro | the sepal-blade: style-branches lilae-rose, the appendages the v color, lacer- ate-toothed: anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Mars shes, bayous, and ditches, S La.—Spr. 7. I. chlorolopha Small. Flower- kind strict: flowers not fra agrant: sepals 7—8 c m. long, digas “spreading, the aw diu: with RE the blade of a lavender ground-color, Pinty y ned p lavender an ith a p a he cluded: capsule not een.— Swamps and bayou-ban sunlight, the flower of this species has a decidedly ber cast. 8. I. acleantha Small Flower-stalk erect, stiff: sepals reflexed, about 8 cm. long, the claw lemon-yellow, veined yellow green, the blade a d M smoky, shade f pale red-violet, irregularly flushe drab, the erest greenish-lemo » apically split b dul wn-purple vein, a few irregular mon markings runn up fr claw into t : f the blade: petals smoky, ligh gray-violet, grayish-flushed above, lower half irregularly flushed dra ab, the lower claw pal olive-drab: ele ee cee mom nish-yellow, the wings yellow, the sides dull, moky violet-flushed; appendages light, smoky red-violet, flushed drab above 8 y e nda ht coarsely lacerate-toothed, below smoky-lavender wo es anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes ; 8 Le -—Spr. A Ps ae e r. e D. ei rigid: sepals E about claw cream gre ish, the veins and th -veins T) m pore with dE the FI smoky lavender-violet, th a IXIACEAE 339 median band of smoky red- Hann > central vein of which notehes the tip of the solitary yellow crest, cream streaks are extended into the basal portion of e blade from the claw, this xul. is also drab-flushed, the entire blade is ined IAN more dark than the ground-eolor: petals light smoky lavender- ott slightly veiny, -o orange-drab in the claw: style-branches greenish at the base, beco ids ewhat roseate ndo of smoky DRM RIDE. above, the wings and ee r por Brean apricot-flushed; appendages coarsely but deeply and regularly iid toothed: anther- s included: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. 10. I. ludoviciana Small. Flower-stalk d Ri and striet: ien recurved or recurved-spreading, 7-8 em. long, the w yellow, veined brown-red, the blade du E ed-violet, rather veiny, the er ES light yellow, n ub, cleft by a dark brown- purple vein, the 1 or 2 later ery n t radial: pet dull red-purple, flushed red-violet iom ndi ene the eats nnel em orange, its wings nnne style- branches osy-purple, pti orange- flushed Io towards the bas aie ings margined yellow; appendages smoky rose-purple, flushed orange: ere -tips slightly m eapsule not seen pite amps, marshes, ditehes, and bayou-banks, S La.—Spr. 11. I. ianthina EN eet Flower- pe erect, rigid: sepals reflexed-spread- ing, 7-8 em. long, the clay Vas ned red-v iolet, the midrib light-olive, streaked pale e Sd the "bla de Ru rbi UE dark- is faintly veined, ae ag e veins of red-purple are distingu ishable in the loy r and e entral por- tio ; the ere l split completely into the claw by a Holet black A a few ings showing on its sides: als vi ushed di ish the base: style-branches dark purple-violet: appendages violet, lacerate-toothe an RUE Pu included: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. 12. I. violivenosa Small. Flower-stalk erect, stiff: cei ee oS about em. long, the claw greenish-white with green v veins, its wings sparsely iu veined, the blade dark-violet, almost black in a me dia n band which terminates S urple near the ma lui towards the channel, the claw nearly white, flushed lavender and vein purplish-red, the channel greenish-yellow: style-branches greenish, flushed purplish on the upper part of the keel; appendages finely lacerate, pale rosy- purplish, flushed pale blue-violet: anthe er-tips included: capsule not seen.— Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. 13. I. pyrrholopha Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, ds and rigid: sepals recurved, about 7 em. long, the claw yellow, veined darker, its wings dark- pencilled and flushed, as also part of the body, the blade orange-red, pinkish, or salmon, Penge! ups -veined, the crest solitary, crimson or carmine, the t color continuin ng a n and on to the apex of the blade: petals colored like the sepal- Plade, , but paler, the ch l an w portion yellowish or salmo ushed: style-branches orang ous, the darker, the b fl d: le o e or fulv kee d Mi flushed yellow; appendages pinkish or reddish, flushed orange or n: anther-tips slightly exserted: capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes, Pee and bayou banks, S La.—Spr. . l.salmonicolor Small. Flower-stalk striet: flowers via bran sepals spread- ing, the elaw lemon-yellow, the color flushing up into as of blade, the blade T dark-buff with yellow-brown veins, fading t ind o "with orange veins, the er i greenish-yellow, becoming brown- tise at the tip: petals pale pinkish-buff veined lght-orange, the channel of the claw 2d pink: style-branches eg S along margins: tips of the anthers exserted: capsule not seen.—Marshes, S La.—Spr. 340 IXIACEAE 15. I. fulvaurea Small Flower- dd erect, straight, rather slender: sepals Spreadin ng, the claw apricot-yellow veined dark x-erimson, the blade crimson- scarlet, veined ud and flushed a apricot near the base, the d inar bright- yellow ^to red-orange: petals apricot, flushed and vein ed with ¢ , the claw apricot: style -branches salmon-pink: anther-tips exserted: seule m een.— Bayous, marshes, and ditehes, a.—Spr. "E ea ies d. n. ll. Flower-stalk erect, stiff: sepals recurved-spreading, 6-7 e ong, t w yellow with green midrib, its side- and wing-veins pen- cilled pm ed p yellow color of claw flushed into the basal n of the blade; blade Smoky Bn s veined with brown-red, the crest light- yellow, surroun nded by a zone of e mson- on. and finally becomi ae a crimson brown median band: pais s light- n over-flu shed pink, especially around central Gol oh. the whole veined rose-brown, a M rus band of orange-yellow running the length s the petal, pe widening a e until 7 covers the en as claw: Blog anches green at bas S ge further up pale greenish- ange, the wings bink- -flus a Are the entire keel dull rosy-purple: ope ges E sm iA salmon-pink, flushed dull orange: anther-tips included: capsule not mps, aes d and bayou-banks, S La.—Spr.— Probably of jo baa Hee but now widespre 17. I. fumiflora Alexander. Flower- Aie erect, prd rigid: sepals recurved- spreading or spreading, 7—8 cm. long, within, the D dede. -yellow, faintly peneilled on its wings with 1 avender, the bla rH auve or orchid, often with a pink east, not very md dne veiny, the AN drea ; yellow without, dull mauve, overlain greenish-yellow on crest region and a pe etals maure- pink, the lower “third smoky, pale buff or salmon: E -branches pale salmon or de appendages smoky edid d. shallow-toothed, flushed pale-orange be- ow: anther-tips exserted: capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes, bayou-banks, id ditches, S La.—Spr. I. moricolor Small. Flower-stalk rigid: sepals 7—8 long, recurved- ena the claw rather short and broad, en S dite ‘flecked and veined in red- Mu the blade oval, much longer the claw, crim son-maroon eined ker, the crest a si ngle rather prominent ridge of i ntense yellow, edie into the blade for nearly half of its length: petals ee spa d id pd e the sepals, the claw Mau d -aprico ot, the blade crimso ith a ian darker line: style-branches dull purplish old-rose with ne bris iem ins, the under side yellow-green flushed with old-rose, the appendages Mure: ovate, about ae ias ng, purplish old-rose, Un n eapsule ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, long, 6-ridged-angled.—Bayous and marshes, S ri Lope —This is one 2^ the darkest colored and richest of the *f reds?? yet se 19. I. fuscaurea Small. Flower-stalk erect: flowers rose-scented: sepals 7—8.5 em. long, spreading, firm, the claw flushed with apricot and veined and pencilled orange-brown, with the midrib pale yellow-green, the blade brown-lilac, the lower por rtion apricot-flushed, especially towards the margin, dark bro wn-lilac about and beyond the very narrow brigh pes crest: petals cuneate-spatula ES d o than the sepals, the claw with brown-lilae lines and orange Em s, the blade flushed w ith aprieot at the base, brown-lilae beyond: oie een rosy-brown-lilae, the wings yellow; appendages slightly darker-colored, flushed apricot beneath: anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Ponds and swamps. S La.—Spr. 20. I. Pipe Small Flower- p erect, rigid: sepals dics o ing, w the claw greenish-white, veined magenta, especially o wings, the blado 'ecclesiostie-purple or brilliant m ees purple, the crest ae beyond the yellow green in claw, solitary, but surrounded by a zone of purple veins; IXIACEAE 341 without, dull-plum, overlain light, silvery-green on crest and claw, the claw also speckled purple: petals somewhat paler than the sepals, p i cream near the base: style-branches and appen dages about the same magen as the petals, the wings paling to the margin, the body white a the base on both sides: anther-tips exserted: Capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. 21. I. Meroe. Small. a shee cid erect: sepals spreading or re m the elaw greenish-yellow veined bro and flushed and splotehed xd. brown, deep- PN, fiushings at its e r aoe, d into the base of the blade heavily veined brown-purple, the blade red-violet or vinaceous, flecked with violet and with purplish-brown veins, the erest greenish-yellow or nid lagen pcre tipped, eventually becoming a red-violet streak with a red-v eye around the blackish tip: eae red- violet, flushed bluish-lilae in the med an part: style- a light brown-lilac, becoming cream on the mar capsule seen.—Mar , ditches, and bayous, S La.—Spr.—This may Bie. upon Me study, - E m than one y 22. I. dec cs Small. Se es erect and stiff, slender: sepals re- flexed, about 8 cm. long, the claw orange-cream, veined yellow-green, the veins and those of ilia: wings pencilled with rose-brown, the blade dull rose heavily and prominently veined rose-brown, flushed down the center 2 and all over lower third with brown-orange, the Sy E -green, solitary, t rown veins coming so close ied bis nd it as to make a dark central D petals light old-rose, veined in channel with dm ae [ue er half rose-orange veined and ushed rose: vi a dull old-rose, flushed dull pinkish-orange on the E the keel dark old-rose, the appendages E -rose, slightly flushed orange- : anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. 23. I. crocinubia Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, stiff and slender: sepals recurved, about 6 em. long, the elaw dull orange-green-veined at the base, veins above elouded over with orange and vein-peneilled rose-brown, the bi ade smoky ponit old-rose on outer third, but entire lower two-thirds so prie pees d ver and flushed ipis ee orange as to almost eompletely obseure its color, some of these cloudings end nearly to the apex, the crest solitary, Du d p ene outlined ith red-viol ds petals smoky gray-pink, clouded and flushed n the lower thir brown-orange: inn -branches dull purplish-rose on the keel, the body flushed brown-orange, the wings dull pale-orange; appendages purplish old-rose, dun iUe anther-tips ineluded: eapsule not seen.— Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. . I. miraculosa Small. Flower- s vita, strict: ph ped bade Qa sepals 10—12.5 cm. long, recurved-spre , the claw green, the blade elliptic, oval, or ee e, la vender or pex ue he prominent i w: petals sp a shorte than the sepals, white or n beyond the poser inged base: style- branches greenish- -white, the wings white, faintly flushed pale-lavender; ap- pendages lavender, shallowly lacerato: toothed: anther-tips included: capsule oval, ais id, or obovoid, 6.5-9 cm. long, 6-lobed.—Swamps and ditches, S La. —Spr 25. I. pol ees Small. n stalk rigid, strict: flowers fragrant: sepals 7.5-9.5 € oe ng, spreading or recurved-spreading, the claw suffused with yel- lowish- oe and with often whitish margins, the bla de oaar. oval or orbicu- lar-ovate, dark violet-blue, the narrow crest yellow: petals broadly o somewhat shorter than the sepa als, the cuneate claw M than the blade, greenish at the base, m with "red-violet above, the bla o is blue and often with dark lines at the base: style-bra nehes red- pa. appendages irregularly lacerate pre d: eapsule ellipsoid or nearly so, 8-10 em. long, 6-lobed.—Swamps, ditches, and bayou-banks, S La.—Spr. 342 IXIACEAE I. tyriana Small. Flower- n erect, oo and rigid: sepals recurved- iur within, the i w pale orange-ere veined brown, the blade rich violet-purple, flushe d around the crest zone cad dull reddish purple, the crest greenish- yellow, solitary, with the Eo D. veinin n E. the elaw extending u and radiating into erest zon t dull y-violet, crest and ela overlain pale ¢ Eoi: db petals a slightly more a cast of pur Ps TEM the sepal, flushed orange-crea ings and near base, side a mid-band of greenish-white: Ede pue ‘light rod: violet. p Tees at base, the keel purplish- pink, the wings pale-salmon, flushed reddish near apex; appendages dull red-violet, flushed pinkish-pu rple ar base, sharply aaa p s anther-tips included: eapsule not seen Lue PEN and marshes, S pr 27. I. e eles = all Flower-stalk rigid, striet: aay ers ree fra- ls preading d a as ; the erest yellow, its rudimentary laterals barely reaching the base of th ade: petals a much shorter than the sepals, the claw yellowish only at the base e blade violet-purple and dark-lined at the base: style-branches red- oe E: e wings greenish; appendages red-purple, shallowly lacerate-toothed: anther- -tips included: caps sule oval or ovoid-oval, 7-9 em. long, bluntly 6-lobed.— Marshes, swamps, and bayous, S La.— 28. I. vinicolor Rl ~ stalk erect, strict: ps slightly fragrant: ds s 7.5—8.0 c cid curved-spreading or droopin = claw yellow-green at the base, above dul omis -flushed, veined and pen il led Drown iolet; the blade vinaceous-purple, especially dark about the narrow yellow crest: petals broadly spatulate, much shorter than the sepals, the claw greenish-yellow ' and somewhat lined, the blade bird rple and somewhat suffused with ue - green at the base: style-bra s dull reddish-purple, pen wings RE orange; appendages red-purple, eee erose- eee anther-tips included: capsule ellip- soid or obovoid-ellipsoid, 5-7.5 em. long, ere 6- eed. —Sw n and bayou banks, S La.—Spr. 29. I. rosilutea Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, stiff, but rather short: sepals reflexed, about 7 em. long, the claw yellow, its wings penciled and flushed with orange-pink, the blade opening orange-rose, but soon fading to a light but dull $6 p the erest a Pind with a oe ee -yellow e on either side, t m ian finally becoming a bro petals opening orange-rose, but ce aal and o bl de 2 Pins ligh t be ae the whole fading to the same color to which the sepals fade: style-branches pinkish-o on the sides, the wings flushed us m and margin Ed yellow, the keel purplish rose which e olor is flushed on the upper portion of the b ʻange- beneath, flushed purplish-rose n appendages deeply toothed, Ege P. near the tips; anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Swamps and mars hes, S pr. * j 4 La.— 30. I. Au de Small. Flower-stalk erect, strict, rigid: sepals shenuy recurved, 7-8 cm. long, the claw pale-olive, veined darker r, the claw-wings pen eilled and ed with brown-rose, the bl ade dark, eod old-rose vein- streaked darker, the crest orange -yello w, one lateral of same color on each side, ut half obscur ed by brown-rose blotchings and suff usions: petals dull old-rose wrinkle-stre us ee , the claw-channel olive, as also is the claw-base: style- branches gree old- -ros e, the wing margins pale olive- SD appendages dull, pale old-rose, n lone d: anther-tips about equalling the stigmas: capsule not seen —Swamps, marshes, and ditches, S La.—Spr. I. rubicunda Small. Flower-stalk erect, stiff: sepals about 8 em. long, the claw greenish-yellow within, brown-violet veined and with brown- co spots IXIACEAE 343 near the upper end, the od with a ground-eolor of a brilliant magenta-cerise, prominently vein ed with bro , the crest-median orange-yellow with one sho rt lateral on either side and ed ‘mi nor pues als more or less Dod the entire crest-zone surrounded by utlining zone of brown-violet, giving a dar eye effect; without, the blade dul old-rose, the erest area pale-yellow: Rs about 6 c em. long, the pas a lilae-old-rose on both sides, but n in with bro e band orange veinings an pde r of crimson-oran ge Ww spreads with apricot flushings o Xon claw, a central ue» of pale m green with- out: style-branchos porplish old. -rose at the base, fading rapidly above to apri- ot, the wing-margins of the body pale- = rens the keel dull-orange; the ap- . y dro apres ot at the base, becoming flushed towards the edges with purplish old-rose: capsule not seen —Ditches and marshes, S La.—Spr. 32. I. cerasioides Alexander. Flower- ri e and iip 2s eda) by the leaves: sepals spre ading, about 8 e ong, the claw orange-cream, heavily veined and flushed with dark, purplish rose, the m idrib pode Slow y, un- marked, the blade flushed light-salmon on the sides near the base, above, dull purplish- d the whole streak-veined brownish-rose, the ase bright-yellow, r two laterals of the same color, whose color does not extend into the a eh petals old-rose He eentral portion, the outer En and ie but hie the channel below flushed and streaked light-salmon, the channel brown-orange: style-branches old-rose; appendages deeply but sparsely ee -toothed : anther one exserted: eapsule obovate, about 6 em. long, 6-angled.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. rosipurpurea Alexander. odi r-stalk erect, rigid: sepals recurved- 33. I. spreading, within, the claw apparently cream, but obscured by a profusion of did D qud and rue ci peribus on the median ridge, m de dull se-lila ve uch veined darker, especially on the lower portion, which n additi on ell pm ked and flushed with lavender, the Ure dx lemon, the Eu on either aed rid obliterated by the dark brown-purple veins which at this point come very close together; without, light reddish violet the crest and claw ov o Due. -olive, the claw brown-purple Rue petals light, Du rose within, outside, lavender, with a a midflush s 2 n s vender-rose , the wings white below w, the e gradua ally narr wing t argin above; appen ndages light, NL irregularly etie: ED ju toothed: anther- -tips equalling the stigmas: capsule not seen—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. 34. I. di aed Small. Flower-stalk erect, flowers strongly musk-scented: sepals 9—11 em. long, spreading, firm, the claw suffused with green, EA blade rosy-lilae light ‘with caer darker veins, the crest yellow, with o r two laterals intense lem sometimes a third r rudimentary lateral Ng um very base of the blade: nd broadly spatulate, slightly shorter than the sepals, the claw ay ee with green and dark-lin she the blade elliptic or oval, varying | to obovate or ovate, undu in "s rosy-lilae on both sides of the gree enish- brown median line: style-branches mostly gre lg api flushed rosy-lilae, deeply d Miser heavily flushed orange- yellow n the lower side: anther-tips luded: sule obov oid, the six ridges very distinct on the lower e -thirds, em faint odi the apex.—Swamps and pools, S La.—Spr. 35. I. lilacinaurea Alexander. oe stalk rigid and erect: sepals spread- ing, the claw yellow except the orange c sd and the lavender wings, the blade. dark rich lilac, with the veinings not prominent, much longer than broad, the erest à broad jio ots triangle of brilliant, a outlined in red-violet, the two laterals which help form the Pii ud osa with the crest median petals lilac, paler and reddish flushed i w portion: style- Sane hes: rou | violet, the appendages red-lilac: eS ien Ben .—Marshes and bayous, S La. —Spr. 344 IXIACEAE 2 » fourchiana Small Flower-stalk erect, rigid and strict: sepals 7-8 ong, the claw pale yellow-green, veined and pen peer red-violet, the blade dull peur darker, the crest yellow, scarely ex ending i into the base of the sepa] -blade, 1-3 laterals, Ta narrow and in cia surrounded by in ompany the i as the sepal blade, ushed near pus center and in claw with apricot: style- branches light orange-purple, the wings yellowish; B light red-violet, deeply lacerate toothed: anther-tips included: ae not seen.—Swamps, marshes, ditehes, and bayou-banks, S La.—Spr.—This may include more than one species. It is one of the most widely distributed and ERE: of the La. spec l 37. I. oenantha Small Flower-stalk erect, stout, strict: sepals 9-10.5 cm. long, rather laxly drooping, the claw pc -ye ellow w, with the median ribs ot the lateral M: red-brown, and the wings veined d-brown, a zone of ish flushes n l S three ede ame length of the s win eu rple ES S La a darker median band and a darker zone surrounding the crest; the ey NOE yellow, peus broad, with one or two yellow laterals on "ith er side: petals light bai n nearly as long as the sepals, the basal channel orange-flushed, as set ue of the lower wee nd the claw: dod -branches eub. “becoming ery pale towards base, the appendages the same color: capsule 8-9 c don ellipsoid, ne 6-ridged.— Marshes, paso: and ditches, S La = 38. I. b prs Small. Puis stalk erect, strict, rigid: sepals spreading, aa 9 cm. lon ng, P i. w, veined gr eenish, the blade blue-violet, the more prominen pud , the erest dark-lemon, with one or two paler an the ipee) and laterals 'outlined by a black-violet zone, which eventu- p arker eined red-pur wings: style-branches violet, their wing-m s greenish; appen or Md finely and deeply lacerate-toothed : Suo a inclu m ea E sule not Swamps, marshes, and bayou-banks, S La.—Spr.— a clo s similar form with the sepa al-claw greenish- -white with Pn veinings, petals palo-violet flushed cream in the claw; this may prove upon farther E to be a speci 39. I. ioleuca Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, stiff: sepals recurved-spread- ing, 9-10 em. long, the claw 1 veined pale-green, its wings faintly flushed pale- green, their veins and those of the main body faintly pencilled with brown- purple, the blade blue-violet, em veiny, the crest pale-yello i d : a ts u style-branches greenish-lavender, the wings greenish but lav eee Aue ie d, ie keel violet with a lavender ridge; appendages light-vole, flushed bluish, coarsely lacerate-toothed: anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes, ditches, and bayou-banks, S La.—Spr. 40. I. cyanantha TeS Pide erect, strict: flowers slightly fragrant: sepals 8-9 em. long, the claw pale greenish-yellow, v veined yellow- green, the blade with a deep hue. ona CUIR fading violet-blue, unstreaked, the crest bright yellow, with one narrow lateral of yellow and a rudimentar lateral of cream: petals s spatulate somewhat shorter than the sepals, the elaw . red-purple, the blade of the Eee) -color as the sepal-blade, but often becoming whitish- streaked: ud aie not seen.—Swamps, moist woods, 'and bayous a.—Spr.—This is one of the clos a a. to true blue yet found in Menem irises. IXIACEAE 345 41. I. bifurcata Small. dial xe erect, stiff, strict: flowers slightly rose- scented: sepals 9-10.5 cm. long, recurved, the claw suffused and lined with green, deeper in the middle, the blade oval-ovate, of a ais blue ground-color, very prominently dark-veined, with a narrow lemon ateral near the base of the meadow 49. I. rubrolilacina Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, rigid and strict the sepal-blades: style-branches heavily streaked and flushed pale-orange, the keel pale-orange: anther-tips included: capsule not seen BOSSES s and marshes, S pis 43. viridis E gos stalk erect, strict: flowers slightly musk- Ru ue als 7.5-8.5 em. long, wide- spreadin g, the claw suffused with pale yellowish-green, ane yellow green, the blade violet, the crest and its 2 r 3 contiguous laterals forming a lancehead of bright greenish-yellow: petals spatulate, somewhat shorter than the. sepals, the claw suffused with green and i th 7 "cin d 6-lobed.—Marshes and bayou-banks, S La.—A species with very free- plants, the sepals not WAYS spreading out full, "but the brilliant violet. color gives a pleasing e ect. I. citriviola Small. . Flower-stalk erect, rigid and strict: sepals recurved- b. within, the claw greenish-white veined yellow-green, its wings lightly peneilled red-violet, t the blade royal-purple, the crest brilliant lemon, with one or two l f same color, all outlined deep ; elaw-veins becoming brown a aw; without the blade light silvery-violet, overlain silvery the erest and claw yellow-green same e blades, within, flushed lavender law portion, without, the claw flushing pale silvery- green style-branches dull light-violet, fading paler and more greenish at base, e wings white; appendages light-violet, flushed lavender beneath, erose- toothed: anther- -tips included: capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes, ditches, and bayou-banks, S La.—Sspr. 45. I. iodantha Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, stout, rigid: sepals recurved, within, the elaw greenish-yellow, bengal tie en veined, the v veins becoming black- purple at on of blade, claw-wings my, margined dark-lavender, the veins brown-flecked, the blade rich, briliant-violot, the erest dark-lemon, with 2 short laterals, the first lemon, the 'second pale-lemon, barely extend into the base of he blade and all outlined with black-purple; without, the crest-region overlain ereamy gree ~ the claw light yellow-green, streaked purplish: petals f ue same color sepal-blade, except lower part o ade flushed Md the claw crea ed-lilac streaked; , claw and 1 part of rae aged Bue pl rn dul red violet Nc cm p ing below, w argin ds a P Dp dages violet, exserted : pens i seen.—Swam mps s and ud S La. 46. I. gentiliana Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, stout and rigid: sepals recurved, within, the claw pale whitish-green, veined yellow-green, the blade 346 IXIACEAE erose-erenulate, rich-violet, slightly n the crest orange-yellow, laterals 2, the first A yellow, the second cream-orange, spotted purple, the veins be- tween and a und crest and í ls brown-purple, no crest color descending 18 : s erose-margined, 3 em. same color as sepal-blades except the channel red-lilac, the claw po rue cream, flushed reddish lilac; outside, with a median e P2 ale att) -green style e- flushed reddis outside with a median of pale silvery-green: style- onde dull light RII. becoming greenish at base, the wings silver ery- n ite, only white- uL above; appendages light -violet, irregularly lacerate-toothed, flushed cream at bas e be- neath: anther- -tips ineluded: capsule not seen. —Swamps d pu S La. —Spr. 47. I. lancipetala Alexander. Flower- stalk erect, slender, but rigid: sepals Spr it within, the claw pale-lemon, veined pale-oliv ve, _the blade lavender, n 2 toe ve sins bistre, the crest da e very n du brown-tipped, the tip con ing as a median vein-like band, laterals 2, "Sello , rather fai si LM slightly in without, lavender, centr al zone o um 'silve ery-yellow, claw yellow-green: peta als lav — , becoming gr Heres di and pale lilac. ee veined: style-branches T ith faint lavender the keel gray-green, the wings pale silver-pink; appe oc: lavender, Pil, regulary erose toothed: anther-tips barely included: ae not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. 48. I. vi popa Small. Flower-stalk rigid, usually rather slender, strict: sepals 8-9 em. long CUT the claw sulphur- -yellow, the midrib yellow- green, the blade m or ne nd SO ‘of he Fees lavender- o ground-c P un crest ‘represented by a gro , but m ked by a e 7 lancehead o n- yellow: petals Con uud slightly mo than t * sepals elliptie cha undulate-erisped, the claw suffused with yellow-green a e base, the blade much longer than the elaw, colored like the sepal-blade: style- n anches lavender- Meus Apps d light lavender- violet, lacerate gos seedy pos capsu — Mars and edges of bayous, S La.—Spr.—Although the sepal S ied o have rest, color alone indicates it, for there is a groove in the base of the al blade instead of a ridge. *e 49. I. rhodantha Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, strict: sepals sharply re- eurved, iu elaw lemon-yellow with the wings streak-veined EET he blade es ep a poke rose veined orange-brown, the crest intense lemon-ye d a de range and yellow i E e at the Hos of the sepal-blade, whieh. is 2:9 with rose-brown e the crest-zone merge with blade- xn ue Pd rose, the m cd i nie -branches old-rose: appendages about 5 . long, merely undulate-margined: in tips slightly exserted: EE og: seen "Marshes and ditches, S La.—Spr. 50. I. parvirosea Small Flower-stalk erect and slender, rigid: sepals dicet about 7 cm. long, the claw s yellow, the greenish ps! of body and wings pencilled with rd e blade dull-rose, the crest bright- M with about 3 laterals the same ped these laterals very ns and separated from each other on from the main crest ge-brown veins, hich veins after passing th zon rown-rose and radiate a the crest e become b short distance into the blade: petals light, dull-rose, flushed along the channel- sides and below with rosy orange, the base of the claw Mond style- in dull greenish-rose, somewhat flushed rosy-orange, the wings pale crea A yellow; appendages irregularly toothed: anther- tips included: capsule En seen s and marshes, S La.—Spr. 51. I. Marplei Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, stout, rigid: sepals spreading, the elaw lemon-yellow, veined pale yellow- green, its wings veined violet-brown IXIACEAE 347 and dotted with red-violet the blade plum-color or nearly maroon with a ped eentral band, the crest dee ep-yellow with a median brown line on the low portion, notched i the tip, with 2-4 very broad Mi cesi yellow laterals on either side, each, however, Rd d by bands of brown-red, the tips of all laterals and the crest pin Mp pe a mee radial fete. ‘petals and style- branches plum-color: capsule not seen.—Swamps, S La. — Spr. —The crest of this T is e most aa of the a group, causing a very striking per 52. I. callirhodea pir uua pe stalk erect, stiff: sepals Ee Or recurved-spreading, about 8 em. long, the claw greenish- yellow, its veins yellow- green, pe encilled with xh Dou the blade dark rose, flus hed Hle near the margins and prominently veined orange-brown, the crest brilBiant-yellow, three distinet laterals on ha side forming a large triangle which is outlined with red-brown, a large area around the crest heavily flushed dull-vermilion, becom- ing yellow at extreme base: petals salmon-pink, salmon-flushed and prominently veined rose-brown, the claw-wings pale orange-yellow veined rose-brown: style- el- re smoky brown-orange flushed rosy- iac and ae brown: anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes, and partly dried bayous, S La.—Spr. 53. I. rhodochrysea Small. Flower-stalk erect, stiff: sepals spreading, the claw light orange-yellow, its wings veined red- brown, the Tu de an intense old- rose lilae, veined prominently with c us, the veins at the base forming a brown “outline to the crest, the crest a deep Prud 2 with a broad triangle of unmarked and inte ense o separated fro argins by a zone of fle hs mingled with eream , this zone ae “all eer the base . of the blade: petals old-rose, veined lilac, the claw flushed apricot: style- MN pale did- -rose, the wings flesh-eolor, notched their entire length, the appendages about 18 mm. long, old-rose, widely flaring: capsule not seen.— Ditches and marshes, S La.—Spr. 54. DeWinkeleri Small. Flower- stalk erect, strict and rigid: sepals re- d s within, the elaw pale-olive, overflushed bs pinkish hee e brown streaks and dots, the era Pw -streak ed with rose-brown, an ing into the blade as dae e blade nearly light x rose- pink, D color is clear only on. the Mi ‘third, the inner part vily flushed ae 1 2 later at mU “ight ae oe a overlain apis sulphur, except on margin, crest and claw pale yellow-green: petals pale gray-pink, banded ps center a rosy orange-brown, claw-wings pale-yellow flushed ; without, slightly paler, the center band pale silvery-yellow: style-branches dull orange-rose, the wings pale- green at eae flushed near center with orange-pink, then becoming light old- rose a 2 appendages light sm o and edel vei nius 55. I. pallidirosea Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, strict and rigid: sepals spreading 7—8 cm. long, the claw pale, cream y-yellow, veined darker yellow, the e extremely DA flushed rather irregularly with bu ue w w n band of buff, the crest orange-yellow, brown-orange tipped 3 peu of light yellow forming a broad tria angu ular crest zone; e E same color as the sepal blade with the channel light brown- orange, the claw wings pale-yellow: style-branches pale-yellow faintly flushed pinkish on the sides; appendages anes arena irregularly toothed: anther-tips slightly ex- serted: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. 348 IXIACEAE 56. I. Thomasii Small. Flower-staik erect, rigid: sepals recurved-spread- ing, 7-8 cm. long, the claw deep-yellow, veined yellow-green, the blade red- violet with a darker median band, the crest orange-yellow, a series of short radials around its base which do not however extend into the blade-color bs form a sharply outlined narrowly iip lee zone: petals red-violet, e channel ao Bile ape the claw wings eee orange, veined red-v iolet near chan- style-branches dull i n their wings margined yello Sh. Mi dages dull red-violet edged a hed slate; shallowly lancerate- toothe d: anther- tips included: capsule < pa ith a tape ring, beak-like apex, 6—10 cm. long, rod 6-an gle ed.—Swamps, mode. ditehes, and bayou-ba nks, S La.—Spr.—A form this with ve a pete perianth, a rather smo n green sepal-claw, widely dilated petals i orange and brown veined claw may i another species. 57. I. amnicola Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, rigid, strict: sepals re- eurved-spreading, within, the claw sulphur, its upper two-thirds flecked and spotted dull red-violet, the veins green, the blade deep vinaceous-purple, the A t dark-lemon, narrow viy lance-shaped, its color streaked, flecked and spotted o the lower part of the blade, T itself spotted P flecked hes d Eur dull dark violet overlain greenish-su ulphur crest and ¢ petals within , deep v eous PLE red violet in the pon erg the us pale oran ge-yellow, Menu ed orange-cream; without, slightly more dull-colored, a broad median band of sulphur in the lower half: style-branches dull, light red-violet, the margin creamy; appendages the same ie sparsely an nd shal- lowly sharp-toothed, flushed orange at base beneath: anthe er-tips exserted: capsule not seen —Swamps, marshes, ditches, and bayou-banks, S La.— I. cyanochrysea Small. Flower-stalk erect, rigid: sepals recurved- ie readin ng, within, the claw greenish cream vein ed yellow-green, its wings aa aked lea -violet on the inner side, the blade blue-violet, the crest deep- ellow, two laterals on each side forming an oval blotch of color, outlined with Sark- violet and flecke s MA E this border with red-violet and white, the median ridge tipped orange-bro no blade pe extending downward into the claw; without, 2 -violet, ACE white on crest zone, crest median and claw ye low-green: petals blue-viole t, the base of t the blade and the channel red-violet, margined by a pinki sh zone heavily flushed MEE ddp white towards base, ub with a gree pes us flush onm the r por- ally becoming lilac to uu the top, lower third of t l green; appendages light-violet, erose-toothed, flushed whitish o a -tips included: cap- not seen.—Swamps s and mars shes, S La— 59. I. a Small. Flower-stalk erect, strict: sepals recurved-spread- ing, within, the claw gr T -cream, veined yellow-green, the blade pansy- purple, veined es vio ee n, the crest lemon, with two lemon laterals on either side about 3 m ong, t ‘the ir color stopping d -: the E with- out, a dull hade of ight-vile, overlain with white, the t median and the apes v pale yellow-green: petals pansy-purple, fushed red mu below, p claw- wings whitish; without, paler colored, the median nearly white, the claw ipu yellow its wings whitish: style- -branches ‘ult pus violet, greenish white r base, wings very broad, white below, faintly flushed red-violet abov e, ent half i the keel white; appendages violet, deeply toothed, flushed lavender beneath: anther-tips exserted: capsule not seen.—S war mps and marshes, S La.— 60. I. atroenantha Small. Flower-stalk' erect, i and cien sepals spread- ing-recurv ae within, the claw greenish-yellow, veined brown-purple near top, veined green below, its wings yellow, flushed and veined lilac- oe t blade dull wine Sale fading paler near base, the crest yellow, with 2 laterals on either side about 6 mm. long, crest-veins brown-purple; po the blade IXIACEAE 349 shently paler than within, but overlain with sulphur, the crest and claw ydo: en: petals dull wine-purple within, the margins pale creamy-orange towards : SD ; ; exserted: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La. 61. I. fuscisanguinea Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, rigid and strict: sepals spreading, within, the claw so heavily flushed with purple-brown as to obseure its color, but the midrib eet id the wings pale orange- margined, the blade a rich Sample -red, becoming brown around e. the crest le , with one or two sho rt laterals sometimes irregularly and i perfectly formed, but always surround ense m brown-purple veinings; without, dull red-purple, overlain ap ee n crest-zone and elaw,. the cla urple-brown spotted: petals pink, faintly flushed lilac-blue,. the channel region flushed r red-purple near middle, below. brown-purple flushed, the wings pale-orange near base; without, sea old- “rose, median band pale, silvery- ch : style- PAT light orange- the wings old-rose near argined, becoming all cream belo a appen ndages smoky heather- red, finely shallow: (odd. flushed oid at base beneath: anther-tips exserted: capsule een.—Swamps and marshes, S La.— 62. I. albilinea eor Flower- ee erect, strict: sepals recurved-spread- ing, within, the claw greenish-cream eined. yellow-green, the blade light cept the apical portion heavily em MEE. the claw creamy white the upper claw-channel brownish-lilac ; : : ing very pale yellow-green below, the lower two-thirds of the keel greenish-white, th x whitish, flushed near the appendages with red-violet: appendages widely divergent, ‘light red-violet, lacerate- toothed.. flushed lavender beneath: anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. a I. auralata iine Flower-stalk erect, stout: sepals 9-10 cm. long, the w pale orange-yellow, green-veined, the blade fully twice the cie of the o without dull SAE violet, suffused towards base with wish-green, within, dull, smoky red-violet with a darker central zone, flushed heavi ly with dull orange on lower portion, the crest an Pd outlined radial zone of light-yellow, spotted at ia edges with red-bro only the median extending into the lower part of the blade properj iden ‘broadly spatulate, about 7 em. long, without dull irap ne with a pale-green me n the upper half dull red-lilac n a darker median, the fee half reddish d eot veined red- ing yellow to wards base: style-branches red-violet, z keeled, the win pes bright-yellow ; Dd ges broad, blunt, finely a and unevenly toothed, bright-yellow at the base on the side next the wings, otherwise dull red-violet streaked with aprieot: Gene not seen.—Swamps and bayous, S La. —Spr. 64. I. phoenicis Small. Flower-stalk erect, strict and rigid: sepals re- law pale creamy-yellow, veined pale- alee -spreading, 8-9 cm. long, t pale green, the veins pencill rown-purple, wings heavily flushed brown-lilac n addition to these pencillings, the blade ees ot us T dade faintly veined ow nto the bas ei the bla de petals pues iuis, the claw portion red-purple: style-branche posti the wings pale-m gined; appendages light-violet: anther-tips luded: seen.— Swamps, marshes, ditches, and go banks, S Ta capsule not 350 IXIACEAE a I. violilutea Alexander. Flower-stalk erect and strict: sepals 7.5-9.5 long, recurved-spreading, the claw whitish-green, veined yellow-green, the blade of a dull-vi olet ground-color, the crest yellow or orange-yellow, with 1 well developed Ed nd 2 or 3 more a ones forming a a triangular blotch: petals od a ap than the pu elaw gu ge la] x fee) ig d pat .B oO Pe e MX ct & - le o 5 E - Ba, < E £5 B eu rh = g ct e — b [q*) £go (g9) Nn et A — ept the re branches _ gre eenish, faintly Rushed cull em nder on upper portion; appendages pale reddish-lave nder, flushed greenish above and beneath, shallowly but finely lacerate-toothed: anther- -tips inclu ded: E Oe long-ellipsoid, 6.5-8 em. long, - 6-lobed.—Marshes and swamps, S La. I. oolopha Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, strict: sepals recurved, ee 8 cm. long, the aay yellow, veined yellow, the blade light smoky lilac or pale; -violet, veined darker, the crest deep-yellow, a radial Rn tn oidal in ft outline, formed by the Lone - median ridge cleft by rly black vein, a darkened Tod around the crest-apex: petals light bluish] lac or pale ae ender-violet, the elaw-portion eeu ed pale aaa brown and flushed yellow, the base yellow: style-branches red-lilac or light violet; appe ende deeply toothed: anther- -tips included: capsule not seen.—Sw m. "marshes and ditches, S La.—Spr. 67. I. pone ay Small Flower-stalk erect, slender, stiff: sepals spread- ing, 8. T. que ng the elaw um -veined, ini ye ellow- -green, the blade smoky salmon r-flushed dull-orange and prominently veined dark ros e-brown, the pen nor Ens the median split cr to the base by a black- a vein, the first lateral on each side split by a similar vein, the radial laterals all bright- yellow, spotted brownish near their ati pe etals ight -salmon, flushed s pa pink and veined brown-orange, the three medial s black-cri imson, the clay orange-yellow, pencilled brown-orange: style- a dull- -salmon, flushed pin a ish-orange; appendages shallowly lacerate-toothed: anther- -tips slightly ex- serted: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. 68. I. chrysaeola Small. P Levee stout, rigid, strict: sepals 8-10 em. long, recurved-spreading or recurved, the claw suffused with o A a and intly veined, the blade oval- ovate or a much longer than aw, the eed violet ground-color suffused below the ae with flecks P tas of yellow or greenish-yellow, veined brown, and with a yellow crest: petals broadly spatulate, somewhat shorter than the sepals, n the lower parts of the claw yellowish- Leon the blade often so omewhat ‘paler than the sepal-blade: style- branches red-purple, the wings yellowish: appendages dull-violet, sharply lacerate-toothed: anther-tips included: al ellipsoid-ovoid, 7-10 em. long, bluntly 6-lobed.—Swamps, bayous, and ditches, S La.—Spr. 69. I. Pn ls ccr p Flower-stalk strict, rigid, stout: flowers slightly fragrant: sepals 7.5-9 ong, recurved- -spreading, the elaw suffused with greenish-yellow and More. the blade oval, much longer than the elaw, dark violet-purple (plum-color), the erest- n orange-yellow surrounded by a greenish-yellow crest-zone, which forms a radial ae h in the base: petals broadly spatulate, slightly shorter than the sepals, claw mainly greenish- yellow, flushed red-brown at the base of the bl ade, pe slightly paler than the oe de and with a median brownish line: style-branches dull red- purple, the keel and wings greenish; appendages dull red-violet, finely and irregularly toothe d: anther-tips included: capsule ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, 6-9 em. long, rather prominently 6-lobed.—Bayous and swamps, S La.—Spr. 70. " callilopha RR d Flower-stalk erect, stiff: sepals recurved, 9— 10 em. long, the clav v yellow, v veined ERN o the blade magenta-lilac or pontificia} purple, prominently darker-veined, with a dark brown-violet median band which splits the crest-median apically, the crest-median orange- TEN IXIACEAE 351 yellow, the entire crest zone a blotch of yellow, veined, flecked, and streaked with brown-violet and itself well streaked into the lower third of the blade: e same co S se er, lower blade sides flushed yellow, the nearly wingless claw edi with orange veins, the blade-channel pale orange-green: style-branches orange- purplish bus wing-margins greenish-yellow; n d. 2 -rose-lilac, flushed dull bro E anthers inclu ded: capsu seen.—Swamps, marshes, and die S NU j 71. I. schizolopha Alexander. Flower-stalk’ ereet, stout, striet and rigid: sepals spreading or recurved-spreading, within, the claw creamy-yellow, veined olive-yellow above, olive-green below, the blade e ground- -eolor varying from light- violet to light purplish-rose, but a great radial blotch of creamy yellow ex- tends up from the claw and streaks in flecks, blotches, and streaks out a to th gins, y obseuring the gro , and an potted brown-violet, the crest yellow, split to the base of the blad by a black- violet or brown-re orks just b the erest zone i t parts, both of which continue separately to the margin; witho t, all yellow, except t ade rgin: p 1arked like sepals: style-branches smoky- colored, faintly flushed with rplish or pin wings p eenish- nkish, the yellow; appendages light-violet or light old-rose, lacerate- toothed: anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Ditches and bayou- banks, S La.—Spr. 72. I. Albispiritus Small. Flower- i ereet, rigid: flowers slightly el i25 sepals 8.5-14 cm. long, more or less recurved, the claw suffused with sed a en, the blade longer than the claw, white: RS 2 mee greenish white ; appendages white, deeply e eapsule Mr ndr 6—10.5 em. lo ong, 6-ribbed.— Low pinelands and savannahs, pen. Fla.—Early Spr. This species is most common in the lower half of the "Florida peninsula. 73. l. savannarum Sm Flower-stalk strict, rigid, erect: sepals 8-4 em. long, recurved- a rm claw suffused with green, the blade elliptic to oval, of a violet-blue or violet ground-color, whitish or white-flecked at the extendi up i ase, the o the bla nearly linear, often much shorter than the sepals, the claw suffused with green or lavender, the blade longer than the claw, bluish or violet: sty e with à greenish groun I eolor, but heavily flushe d and streaked I ua iolet, the a rp Ds m a ha mocks, pen. Fla.—Early Spr.—Larger areas are exclusively occupied day this prairie iris than by any of our other species. Colonies, in extent a the eye can see, often occupy the low prairies where the soils are e usually oa. acid. The plant is decidedly influenced by the bea cable following a dry resti d j appear. This species occurs in s AE este and pure white forms as well as the the -violet. 74. I. Kimballiae ieee Flower-stalk erect, ido sepals 8.5—10 cm. long, eeurved- oe ing, the claw suffused with gr “ee , the blade ovate or ure e, p margins be- the EE the elaw whitish or greenish and more or less suffused with red- violet: the blade longer than the claw, ae mie. style- pint light pink- 352 IXIACEAE ish-violet, becoming paler near the base, the i: whitish; aa bun deeply lacerate- toothed near the apex: capsule ell ipsoid or oval, 5-9 bluntly 6-sided.—Swamps, often calcareous, coastal regions of the E delta, N Fla.—Spr. 75. I. UNTE p= Flower-stalk erect, rigid: sepals 9-10 cm. long, recurved, within, the claw greenish, the blade. longer than the claw, oval or nearly so, pe ned. prr ally near the center, white near the edges, the crest lemon, extending half way up the blade, accompanied by lateral veins a : Wi of yellowish-green which radiate out into the blade thout, greenish near the base and ochroleucous pics 3; claw pale-green: petals spatulate, shorter cree the sepals, the claw narrowly cuneate, yellowish-green, wings white; appendages re sharply toothed, white: anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Lake margins, marshes, bayous, and ditches, S La.—Spr. I. venulosa apnea Flower-stalk erect, strict and rigid: sepals curved, within, the cream, veined yellow-green below, its wings ace veined, flushed ade near blade, the blade orchid-color, m veined darker, and heavily streaked and spotted with white on the lower two-thirds, the crest bright Yeron, brown-purple tipped, E Dee veins of the blade with a basal tip of bro wn-pur le at the crest zone; without, all overlain rich cream, a claw Tight yellow-green towards the base: ey Javender-pink, the lower argins cream-flushed, the claw-chan um brownish; without, the claw channel silvery- yellow: sh as gen pale d the wings pale orange-cream, the she ; da er e m p? base pd. anther- frm exserted: capsule not seen. —Swam mps an marshes, S La quu 77. I. giganticaerulea Small Flower-stalk erect, strict, stout: flower di strongly ru scented: sepals 9.5—11.5 cm. long, recu urved- spreading, the clay suffused with green, except the often white or greenish-ma , the blade Sl to vaL iE r, of a blue or violet-blue ground-eolor, with ’ white veinings ari nearl uite to the m about the yellow ae ee broadly spatulate, ae shorter than the sepals, t the claw cuneate, white or greenish-white at the e, with violet-tinged margins and violet- lines, uc blade blue-violet and uos e. Hus e-branches dull light-violet, becoming greenish towards base, the wings pale or greenish margined; appendages s ligh t pees deeply ed -toothed : eee ad eapsule ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, ong, with 6 rounded ridges Marshes, meadows, ditches, and SE 8 lan In abundance, within its range, this species resembles I. savannarum of Florida. There are numerous color forms; dark violet, violet-blue, blue-violet, lavender, lilac, and white as well as variously streaked fo rms—the crest also varies from greenish white to deep orange. 78. I. paludicola Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, rigid and rd — d curved or recurved-spre eading, rarely horizontally spreading, 8—10 em. long, th elaw greenish-white, veined yellow-green, the i Popi shades of Slolet, usually light ncn veined darker age he und and near the crest zone, an eyo do t- t lined with bla ae violet, 2—4 laterals of dull uos radiate upwards from the m j i ed ove creamy white: sere mene dark red-violet, the wing-margin my bro orange; appendages light-violet, lacerate- tooth a le enia included, aa not seen.—Marshes, swamps, bayou-banks, and ditches, S La.—Spr. IXIACEAE 353 79. I. Wherryana Small Flower- ~ erect, stiff, strict: sepals 9—10 e long, the claw suffused with green, t e blade ov ate, light-violet, the a orange-yellow, surrounded by a radial p of pale-yellow paling to whitish- yello ende it merges with the blade-color, all prominently veined red-violet: petals p much shorter than the sepals, the sh a greenish at t se, suffused with light red-violet above, the blade pale-violet ine h lave pink; appendages flushed greenish beneath, sharply toothed: anther-tips in- cluded: capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes, and ditches, S La.—Spr. 80. I. citricristata Small. Flower-stalk erect, stiff, strict: os 8-10 cm. long, recurved, the claw suffused with yellow- -green, "but pale on the edges, and lined in the middle, the blade oval- kei slightly longer than the claw, of a 1 violet-blue ground-color, the erest lemon, surrounded by -lemon zone, with m h ender flecks w re Hip with the lade-col petals e -spatulate, much o than the sepals, the claw often yellow-green at the y. base, whitish above and with red-violet lines, the blade violet-blue, emos p suffusion of n pan rple Eu noun ng up from the claw: style-branches violet, the wings pale-margined ; appendages violet, deeply and sharply lacerate- j ed: | e = a E E o = a.—Spr.—This species and I. giganticaerulea a wo most abundan and widespread of the Louisiana group, often fò a pa fields of mede solid growth. There are albinos of both species. 81. I. alticristata pi iiid stalk erect, strict and rigid: sepals re- curved, within, the claw cream, veined greenish-yellow, the midrib rich-yellow above middle, cream >e , the e wings ird flecked violet on upper half, the bla de ee the crest a ery prom t, high ridge, rich-yellow, extend- ing halfway down the blade, the T E n blotches and flecks of light- yellow, each outlined with rel. the median term E P in a ridge of deep-violet, the cre s -zone flecked all over with white; outside, the margin violet, peice overlain greenish- ene the claw pale yellow-green, cream- margi ined: petals Jark-violet, with a and of deep violet down channel, the wings whitish-margined towards the claw, the claw- channel deep red-violet; ial ma u half Ppt Skea the Pii yellow-green: M iyo dark, smoky purple wings, keel, and body becoming white on lower portion; appendages dull Sla volt, iue cee -toothed at apex, prs shallowly toothed otherwise, flushed ereamy at base beneath: anther-tips equalling the stigmas: eapsule not se pega ue and marshes, S La.—Spr. 82. I. aurilinea Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, rigid and strict: sepals sur ei. -spreading, within, the elaw apparently yellow, but so heavily oe flushed, and spotted with brown- -rose, that the yellow i is on iy visible at base, the midrib "yellow , the blade od around EE towards the margin, sao great masses of brown spots are er ov er the crest zone upper claw; with- out, dull brownish red-purple E su PUF on ree zone and claw: petals light, smoky DRE the lower channel orange-brown streaked, the blade eovered with pale-orange fushin ge style bee with a yellowish ground color, heavil flush. scaled dull, brownish-rose with a heavy underflushing T - 83. I. fluviatilis Sm Flower-stalk erect, striet and rigi id: sepals re- eurved, within, the spe pale whitish-green, ' veined pm the blade 354 IXIACEAE nearly rotund, frilly, violet, radially veined darker all around crest, the crest median orange-yellow, three laterals at base of blade only making a broad E : wings white bec ma red-violet, lacerate-toothed: anther-tips barely included: eae not seen.— Ditches, bayou-banks, swamps, and marshes, S La.—Spr. 84. I. parvicaerulea Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, slender, rigid: hy- panthium eovering the ovary 6-angled: sepals spreading, the blade and claw of about equal length, within, the claw greenish-cream, yellow-green veined, its wings cream, veined lilac-brown, the blade light blue-violet, the crest dull- lemon, tipped purplish-brown, the crest-zone veined purpli sh-bro wn; without, violet- flush branehes light blue-violet above, becoming light red-violet below white below; appendages light violet. blue. sharply toothed: anther- i Me ineluded: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr. L hexagona Walt. dn stalk rigid, erect, 8-12 dm. tall: flowers slightly fragrant: hypanthium covering the ovary sharply 6-angled: sepals 8-11 curve eadin i a e rd vie than the sepals, the claw E d with green at the bas e blade lined in the middle at the base and with whitish edges, deep-violet s e: pes e ane Te green below, becoming gradually flushed lavender and then light-violet towards the apex, the wings and keel greenish; appendages 1 pe ovoid or oval-ovoid, Swamps, ditches, and stream-beds, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to S. C.—Late spr.— early sum.—-A form is known in Florida with the sepal-crest ab E The firmness of = ve green foliage extends to the flower A pure white albino is kno 86. I. alabamensis Small. Flower-stalk ar Tp ei ed zigzag: sepal Spreading or recurved- in e about 9 em. v pale yellow sped veined olive, the veins of the wings pencilled. with dul pU the:-midrib e Z roun e crest e portion of blade red-violet at center, boron da red-li ae, the vein s also red- s on down into the claw, elaw-wings pinkish-lavender, flushed violet, becom- ing pale- ER. towards base: style-branches dull red-violet, the keel slightly p the wings white; appendages light violet, pos e-to othed: capsule not een.—Swamps, ditches, and marshes, W central Ala. —Spr. A I. rivularis Sm Flowers-stalks 2.5-6 oar tall, P sometimes slightly igzag: flowers slighty fragrant: sepals 6.5-8 em. long, arching, spreading, or — -spreading, the claw suffused with a he blade oval, ee blue, ex- cept the greenish blotch at the base, the E en crest, and the accompanying white flecks: petals spatulate, much shorter than the sepals, the claw greenish at the base, the blade longer than the claw, violet-blue: capsule oval, varying to somewhat ovoid or obovoid, 3.5—7 cm. long — Streams and swamps, Coastal Plain, N E Fla. and S E Ga. — Spr. IXIACEAE 355 88. I. foliosa Mackenzie & Bush. Flower-stalk o 3-5 dm. long, zig- zag, the internodes rather unequal, some of them ver rt: flowers two to- gether in the terminal involucre and usually single in ie several greatly elon- gate lateral e Ru T hypanthium covering the ovary promi- nently 6-angled: sepals 8-1 ong, spreading, the claw suffused with lowish- -green, the blade edge mai nly of a clear-violet or deep-blue RAN color, with white flecks at the base on either side of a yellowish blotch and the yellow crest: petals iy eae slightly shorter than the sepals, the claw suf- fused and lined with green, the blade longer than the claw, slightly paler than the sepal-blade and more or ai whitish or green-tinged at the base: capsule ovoid or ellipsoid. ovoid, 3-5 em. long, each lobe with 2 lateral sharp ridges, pw 6- rds ed.—Open woods aun E — al Plain and adj. provinces, —Spr . to ; Ohio, and Ky.—5pr. e es Ea ue and the flower- dum usually ‘Ties on ie ground among res them he deep-green, flaccid leaves and the Zag flower-stalk are in striking contrast to those parts of the next- follow! ing P with which it has sometimes been confused. 89. I. brevipes Small Flower-stalk subereet, 1—1.5 dm. long, very zigzag, often flowering from the very ne se, the inte rnodes short, flowers two together in the terminal oe and u ually one in the two to four lateral involucres: hypanthium covering the ovary sharply 6-an ngled: sepals spreading, 7-8 em. long, the claw seta eream, its midrib yellow-green, its wi ngs flushed rosy- lavender and veined sm moky lilac, the blade ovate, with a truncate base, violet or rtr scarcely veine ed 2 darker around se the erest yellow, the the ds als li in ight viole t-blue, T ming paler cone rds the base, scarcely clawed: style-branches red-violet ; es heey or blue-violet, ‘shallowly toothed, nearly lanceo- late: capsule o m. long, each lobe with 2 lateral sharp ridges 2m capsule hence "i -an glod- vam ps, marshes, ditches, and stream ban Spr.—This iris is the lowest growing and most ne arly blue- PARU A among the gulf states irises yet discovered. 90. I. mississippiensis Alexander. — stalk nearly erect, 1-2 dm. long, very zigzag, flowering from near the base, but usually hn f basal s like braet below the pi QE the internodes short, flowers 2 together in the terminal involucre and usual 1 in the two to four eae o hy- panthium covering the e sharply 6-angled: sepals recurved recurved- spreading, 6-7 em. long, the claw white, the veins Boch ole the blade lavender to lavender-violet eee in albinos), | pees ular to orbicular-ovate, its base tapering, the crest yellow, often mall lateral s of yellow, but all surrounded by a radial zone of. n pretend que pale v violet, extending well out nearly to the middle of the blade: Et lavender or d pr.—T ery f concealed by the p jos Its range is pop iis cud it may possibly ex- tend as far east as Ala. A pure white form is kno 91. I. prismatica Pursh. Flower-stalk erect, 3-6 dm. tall: flowers pies. usually 5 pairs in the terminal involucre: hypan nthium covering the ovary sharply 3-angled: sepals mainly of a blue ground-eolor, 3.5-5 cm. inne. re- eurved-spreading, the claw more or less suffused with yellowish-green and j j e b ed h blue m shor a the sepals, the claw ide the blade blue: capsule erect, narrowly prismatie- eylindrie, 3—5 em. lon ng» angled, shortly pen ed at the apex. [I. virginica Pursh, no ce Mar swamps, and ditches, often in acid soils, Coastal Plain and de e Piedmont and Blue Ridge, Ga. to N. 8.—Spr.—sum.—As 356 IXTACEAE indicated ae its aon steals and its capsule this iris falls in a group of its own within our range. I. versicolor L. Flower-stalk erect, 3-6 dm. be often slightly zigzag: ae p fragrant: hypanthium gno ing the ovary obtusely 3-angled: sepals 4—6 cm. long, recurved- bids ading, the claw suffused with yellowish-green, the blade A to suborbicular, of a violet or purple ground-color, except the Ae p dace blotch at the ae e and surrounding whitish zone: petals very uch shorter than the E with a short yellowish- io claw and a violet or purple blade s Do cylindric, or ellipsoid in small specimens, mostly 3.5-5.5 em. long, somewhat i ided.—Marshes, swamps, undo and stream- banks, var ious dem en Ga. to Miss., Man., Ónt. and Newf.— — Spr —sum.—-Ap- parently the most widespre a of our species, the an northern plant usually referred here, however, may represent a distinct species 93. I. Shrevei Small. Flower-stalk erect, up to 1 m. tall, ns pone fragrant: hypanthium covering the ovary bluntly 3-angled: sepal em long, ea -spreading, the claw suffused with greenish-yellow, the i oval orbicular-oval, of a violet or purple ground-color, except the yellow-green p S ) La., Okla. : : color in the Mississippi Valley. E perianth indicates relationship to I. vir- ginica, while its fruit resembles that of I. versicolor, although relatively much longer. A form with rose-lilae o has been found in Autauga Co., Ala 94. I. virginica L. Flower-stalk 3-6 dm. tall, n bes Terak zigzag: flowers slightly fragrant: hypanthium covering t ary bluntly 3-angled: sepals 6-7.5 em. long, recurved-spreading, the i suffused with yellowish- green or bronze, the blade obovate to elliptic or oval, mainly of a light-violet nde wW - to lavender or whitish ground-color, wit w or orange-yellow blotch at the base: petals spatulate, somewhat shorter than the sepals, with a yellowish- green or bronze cla an obovate blade with the ground-color of the sepal lade: capsule ellipsoid to ovoid-ellips 4—7 c ng, somewhat 3-angled [I. carolina R arolini S. I. georgiana Britton |—Swamps, marshes, meadows, and river-shores, Coastal Plain a provinees, to Tex., and Del.—Spr.—This species has recently been considered to represent the Linnaean 7I. virginica, but specimens growing at Glou pid Va., where the original specimens of I. virginica may have been collected, seem to represent I. versicolor. This species replaces I. versicolor, in the eae ds Coastal Plain, and is the most widely distributed iris there. The capsule resembles that of the Old World I. Pseudacorus when it does dehisce, in ne recurving valves with shiny ud coat. ‘There is greater variation in color n I. carolina than in any of our species. The perianth shows shades varying reta dark-violet to pale- pinkish, ona a pure white albino has been found in Florida. - I. tripetala Walt. Flower-stalk 2-4 dm. tall, rigid, rp, often slightly zag: agi usually qoe in the terminal involuere an additional one SO ee De n the axil of the narrow red fragrant: hypan m surrounding the Moin bluntly 3. angled: Rd als 6-9 em. long, recurved-spreading or droop- ing, the elaw margined with violet and pun in the middle, the blade subor- bieular or oval, with a violet ground-color, or white, except the yellow bloteh at the base: petals involute, much shorter than the claw of the sepal, acute vi ov .0-9.5 em. —Like I. by itself in our range. It, too, is slender throughout, and the cord-like ro stocks are peculiar. The plants from the gulf coast have larger flowers and HAEMODORACEAE 357 longer style-appendages than those from the Atlantic coastal region. A pure white albino has been found 96. I. Pseudacorus L. Flower-stalk 6-10 dm. tall but sometimes rather weak, and slightly decumbent: flowers slightly fragrant: hypanthium covering the ovary bluntly 3-angled: sepals 5-7.5 em. long, arching, orbicular-obovate in outline, the claw with a yellow gro ee color streaked and flecked with brown, lade suborbicular hadi oval, or broadly ovate, with the yellow ground- y d sometime wi a b exaggerated into a blotch: petals somewhat pandurate, 1.5-2.5 em. long, yel- low: capsule cylindric-prismatic, or somewhat ellipsoid, 5-8.5 cm. long, bluntly 3-angled, the 3 valves spreading or recurved-spreading at maturity.—Stream- n w Ga. C an. Nat. oft World.—Spr. The yellow flowers of this immigrant are a welcome addition to our iris flora. he color varies from clear canary yellow to deep con -eolor, but always with the irregular brown-black outline to the crest regio 7. HERBERTIA Sweet. Scapose herbs with deep-seated bulbs. Leaves with sheathing bases and plicate narrow blades. Scape erect, more or less sheathed by the leaf-bases. Hypanthium-tube very short or wanting. Flower erect. Sepals 3, spreading, crestless. Petals very much smaller than the sepals, spreading. rene ers narrow, lying pq the style-branches, curling in at anthesis. Style-branches spreading, with 2 subulate branches which are toothed at the apex. Capsule erect, thin. walle 1. H. caerulea Herb. Bulb ovoid, brown-coated: leaves 1-3 dm. tall; blades narrowly linear: seape slender, usually simple, 1-3 dm. tall: bs "usually l- or t d: 2-flowered : 2r long-stalke pal ddr obova - : ; aeute, eae ic olet or poen a nd outlining the white base T violet spotted: petals 1-1.5 e ong, acumiņate, pp part ort-a t o E the lower more or less chan- sree black- violet and white spotted ar the bas capsule erect, cylindric or a enn ate, 2-3 em. long.—Prairies and marshes, SORS tal Plain, S La. to Tex.—Spr. Two species of e have been found growing as escapes in southern Louisiana west of the Mississippi River. They may be expected east of the river. The genus differs from other menue of the iris family in the one- sided inflorescence and the curved and oblique perianth. G. segetum Ker- awl, native o e Mediterranean region has a rose-magenta perianth; the sepals and petals are clawed, the three upper blades ack have a median whitish e h -erimson. G. hortulanus Bailey, native of southern Africa, has a scarlet to vermilion perianth; the sepals have a red-brown median line and minute brown- minute specks and are often minutely pointed, the three lower blades of the perianth are yellow on the basal two-thirds and only searlet-bordered. 358 HAEMODORACEAE Famity 4. HAEMODORACEAE — BrLoopwonT FAMILY erennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, often mainly basal: blades narrow. Flowers perfect, in terminal cluster rs. lyx of 3 sepals. Ovary wholly inferior: stamens 3: style deciduous. EE Ovary half-inferior : stamens 6: style persistent. HIOLA. . GYROTHECA Salisb. Herbs with colored rootstocks. Leaves equitant. Flowers in a terminal cymose corymb. Perianth pubescent without, yellow within. Capsule erowned by the peristent peri- th. [Lachnanthes Ell.]—One species. 1. G. tinctoria ler rw Root- stock elongate. Stem dm. tall, c stem, the HR radually reduced: il eapsule 5-6 mm. in We ee ROOT. E DyYE-ROOT.)—Bogs and wet pinelands, often RA Coastal Plain end New Eng- land Coast, Fla. to and Mass.— as r.—fall. Taa Lophiola aurea, but coarser and more weedy, and the pubescence of the perianth is tawny. 2. LOPHIOLA Ker. Herbs with rootstocks and leafy stems. Basal leaves equitant, upright. Flowers in a j ow p although a somewhat divergent form oc- eurs further northward. 1. L. aurea Ker. Stem 5-8 dm. tall, woolly above: leaf-blades linear, shorter than the stem: perianth yellow, pubes- cent without; lobes linear- lanceolate, 4— 5 ong: capsule-body about 2 mm. mm. long, long-bea aked.— (GOLD-CREST.) —Moist : pi E e and acid Di. Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.; also N. J.— Spr.— —The golden perianths showing through Scans. white w ool, form a aie inflorescence. ORDER 11. SCITAMINALES Large, commonly perennial, herbs with rootstocks or tubers. Leaves alternate, sometimes all basal: blades relatively large, sometimes very large: petioles sheathing at the base. Flowers very irregular. Perianth white or MUSCACEAE 359 bright-eolored. Androecium very irregular. Gynoecium compound. Ovary inferior. Fruit a capsule, a utricle, or a berry. Endosperm present. Polleniferous stamens 5 or 6 in each flower. Fam. 1. MUSACEAE. rcs stamens 1 in each flower. Ovary 3- celled, all 3 carpels fructiferous: ovules nu- er 1s Re each cavity of the ovary: fruit cap- sular: embryo straig Sepals distinct: anthers 1-celled. Fam. 2. CANNACEAE Sepals partially united: a anthers 2-celled Fam. 3. ADDICT ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary: fruit utricular : embryo hooked. Fam. 4. MARANTACEAE. Faminy d. MUSACEBAE — Banana FAMILY Caulescent, usually large herbs, or trees. Leaves spiral or distichous: blades usually ve ry large. Flowers perfect or somewhat monoecious. In- into a spathe-like organ. Corolla of 3 distinct petals, or of partially united petals, sometimes partially adnate to the calyx. Androecium of or 6 polleniferous stamens. Gynoecium of 3 ded lc Fruit baccate or capsular.—Six genera and 70 species of warm regions A L. Tree-like herbs, the stems sheathed with the thick leaf-bases. Leaves with large prominently feather-veined blades. Inflorescence drooping, with large bracts. Perianth white or pink. Petals BOTE than the sepals, 2 of them partly adnate to the calyx-tube, the other free, and often snort, with 90 : World. There are numerous cultivated varieties.—BANANA.—The fruits of several species are foods and fiber is also obtained from some species. Mi long-petioled: free petals over 14 as long as the 1. M. sapientum. Leaf-blades sessile or nearly so: free ae less than % as long e calys 2. M. Cavendish. Plant 6—10 m, tall: er blades broadly elliptic, 1.5-2. long, rounded ordate at the base: panicle oon 15- 2 m. long: bracts purplish: calyx about 4 cm. long, the apical appendages minute or obsolete: berry long-elliptie, 8-15 cm. long, SRN e the pulp sweet.— (Com MON- BA —Hammocks, S pen. Fla. and S La. “Nat of E. I, and cult. —All seed 2. M. Cavendishii Lamb. Plant mostly 1-2.5 m Te ten blades bius d es mostly abou . long: calyx 3-3.5 e ens the de En ages minu uio: tip of the V al nearly erect: berry mostly 10— ong, yellowish, the "um sweet.—(DWARF-BANANA.)—Hammocks and Dun grounds, S pen. Fla. and the Keys. Nat. of China, and eult —All year. Famy 2. CANNACEAE — Cana Fanny Caulescent herbs. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 3 erect sepals. Corolla of 3 partially united petals.: Androecium more or less adnate to the 360 ALPINIACEAE eorolla: one filament anther-bearing, the others petaloid. Ovary 3- Bands the placentae parietal. Style petaloid, the stigma marginal. One 1. CANNA L. Large or tall herbs, with relatively large leaves. Flowers mostly showy, borne in terminal thyrsoid panieles. Perianth variously colored. ut 40 species, mostly American.—INDIAN-SHOTS.—Some species and many hybrids are widely cultivated. Perianth yellow: sepals 2.5-3 cm. long: perianth- -tube much longer than the sepals: lip much dilated. 1. C. flaccida. Perianth red: sepals 1-1.5 cm. long: perianth-tube shorter than the sepals: lip linear-spatula c 2. C. indica. 1. C. flaccida Salisb. Leaf-blades 2. n 5 dm. E flowers id showy: perianth mainly yellow: sepals 2.5— VAL : m. em. long: eorolla-lobes 5-6.5 cm one. about as long as the tube: staminodia dilated, uu ane e capsule 4-6 cm long.—1 GOLDEN-CANNA. Plu OF THE EVERGLADES.) — Swamps and marshes. Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.—Spr.—fall. 2. C. indica L. Leaf-blades 2-4 dm. long: flowers not showy: perianth main inly : the anth-tube: corolla-lobes 3-3.5 em. long, mueh longer than the tube: p paid: : > linear or narrowly spatulate, flat: cap- Ly D ui sule 2.5-3.5 cm. long.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. of E. I., and cult.—Sum.—fall. FawiLvy 3. .ALPINIACEAE — GINGER FAMIL aulescent, sometimes large, herbs mostly wi ith ho nd rootstocks. Flowers mostly perfect, borne in spike-like, sometimes cone-like, thyrsoid, ie r op ; like. Corolla of 3 petals partially united into a tube. Fruit aaa About 25 genera and 200 species, mostly of tropical distribution 1. LANGUAS Koen. Herbs with horizontal rootstocks and erect stems. Leaves erect. Panicle thyrsoid, terminating a leafy stem, with often HODEICRUE Petals 3, t About 40 species of the warm regions of the Old World. zl L. SM (Wendl) Small. Plan tall, the stem sheathed: eri s “ip to elliptic-lanceolate, 1. 5—4 dm flower-stalks roopi ng from 8-23 mm. long: coroll Hammocks, S pen. Fla” Nat. of E. la and cult.—(W. I.)—All —A very vigorous gar rden plant. Aggressive when established. It pees y its relative the true ginger plant in habit MARANTACEAE 361 Hedychium coronatum Koenig, GINGER-LILY or BUTTERFLY-LILY, native of the East Indies, is a tall evergreen herb with large lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate leaf-blades, clavate ae ene and large white flowers, the lateral stami- nodia petal-like, thus di ffering from Languas, has become naturalized in marshes in eastern Ga. and along the Mississippi River below New Orleans, La. Faminy 4. MARANTACEAE — Arrowroot FAMILY capose or caulescent herbs. Flowers perfect or sometimes polyga- a mous. Cal tinct or partially united sepals. Corolla of 3 distinct or partially united petals. ium partially adnate to the corolla: one lament anther-bearing, the others petaloi ary 1-3-eelled. Style thick, the stigma 2-lipped. Fruit utricular, 'smooth.—A bout t 12 genera and 160 species, mostly tropical. Petals partially united : lateral staminodia 2. 1. MARANTA. Petals distinct or ne arly so: lateral staminodium 1. 2. THALIA. 1. MARANTA L. Relatively éd caulescent herbs, not white-powdery. ils solitary or few in pan of narrow sepals. Coro ae ae. Perianth and androecium mainly white.—About 15 species, all of tropical America 1. M. arundinacea L. Ste tall, from scaly rootstocks: p blades lanceolate Mese M 8—25 cm lo | 10 : white, Shoat 2 em. lon ie Bo sur- passing the c orolla: fruit about 1 cm. and cult.—(W.I.)—AIl year. — The tu überous rootstocks are the source of true arrowroot starch, although this term is often applied also to zamia star . THALIA L. iaaa stout scapose herbs, white-powdery, at least above. Flowers rather numerous, in panicles. Calyx minute. Corolla-tube wanting or obsolete. Bord and androecium mainly purple, blue, or violet.— About 7 species, all American.—Spr fall. Flowers aie crowded on the rachis: clusters of bracts and bractlets ovoid: utricle subglobos i. T. dealbata. Flowers separated on the rachis: clusters of bracts and bractlets narrowly conie: utricle oval. . T. geniculata. dealbata Rose . Plant 1-2 E “Tea f-blades ae ovate- elliptic, o or elliptic- -lanceolate, 2-5 ‘dm . long, acute or (Pown IA.)—Ponds and swamps, Coastal Plain, F Fla. to Tex., Mo., and S. C. 362 BURMANNIACEAE 2. T. geniculata L. Plant 2-3.5 m. tall: leaf-blades pip id hn Nec lanceolate, 2.5-8 dm. long, acuminate at the apex, rounded o the base: panicle Rond and loosely branched, the internodes s (T mm.), slender: spi nodding or spreading: bracts pesce t the apex, s larger ones 2-2.5 c nl ong: ge purple: ce 8-9 mm. long: larger staminodium about Ps em. Tong: s icle oval, 6-7 mm. in diameter. [T. divaricata "led —(LILIzs.)—Pools, po TA net swamps, and r river-shores , Fla. T “largest loved ‘native herb. In colonies usually conspicuous, prod no mee ve. The scapes, irregularly branched, stand at various angles 2j Rin s leaf- blades are usually weather-worn ORDER 12. ORCHIDALES — ORCHIDAL ORDER Terrestrial, aquatic or epiphytie herbs. Leaves usually fleshy, some- times seale-like. Flowers mostly perfect and complete, very irregular, ex- cept in BURMANNIACEAE. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals. Gynoe- cium compound. Ovary inferior. Seeds numerous. Endosperm wanting. Flowers regular : stamens and pistil distinct. Fam. 1. BURMANNIACEAE. Flowers irregular : stamens and pistil united into a column. Fam. 2. ORCHIDACEAE. Famity 1. BURMANNIACEAE — BURMANNIA FAMILY Slight or relatively small herbs. Leaves mainly basal, those on the stem scale-like. Flowers regular. Sepals and petals partially united. Androecium of 3 to 6 stamens: filaments adnate to the perianth-tube. Gynoecium 3-carpellary. Fruit capsular, sometimes angled or winged.— en genera and about 60 species, mostly in the tropics Hypanthium 3-angled or 3-winged: ovary 3-celled: capsule 3- vere from the apex or irregularly rupturing. . BURMANNIA. E terete: ovary 1-celled: capsule 3-valved from the bas 2. APTERIA. 1. BURMANNIA L. Annual herbs. Flowers spreading or erect, short- ae white or blue. Filaments unappendaged; connective prolonged be- ond anther-saes.— Twenty species, in the tropics of the Old World and the New.—Spr fall, or all year S. Flowers 1-few, usually 2, in a terminal raceme: hypanthium broadly 3-winged. 1. B. biflora. Flowers several in a terminal cluster: hypanthium 3-angled. - 2. B. capitata. biflorà L. Stem 5-15 em. tall: leaf- seales ai mm. long: flowers soli- tary the top of the stem or 2-few io moe corolla- Ds narrow: capsule 4-5 m ong.—Low pinelands, often. in acid peat, mem Plain, Fla. to La. and Va. 2. B. capitata (Walt.) Mart. mus 5- 20 cm. tall: ess ales 1-5 flowers several many in - p cluster: corolla- lobes obsolet capsule 2-3 mm. long.—Low pin fede Coastal Plain, Fla, to La. and N. C—(W. I., S.A. ) ORCHIDACEAE 363 2. APTERIA Nutt. Perennial herbs. Flowers nodding, long-pedicelled, white or purple. Filaments with wing- like appendages: connective not pro- onge eyond the anther-sacs.—Three species, the ind pur two in tropi- cal Ameri 1. A. aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart. Stem Fla. to La. and Ga Famity 2. ORCHIDACEAE — Orcuip FAMILY Perennial herbs, e pn ear with tiberous or fibrous roots, ems or 01 ally al ; tals of 2 kinds, e 2 lel (“petals” y similar, and the middle one (“lip”) usually very iffer rom the other petals, sometimes prolonged below into a spur, often er by ‘the torsion of the e pedicel or ovary. Androe- cium irregular, of one or more stamens, adnate to the style, forming an asymmetrical column. Anther 1, or rarely 2 anthers, a 2-celled, con- taining 2-8 waxy or powdery pollinia; these pollen-masses usually stalked, united by elastic threads and often attached at the base to a viscid gland. Gynoeeium of 3 united carpels. vary inferior, l-celled, often twisted. Style commonly terminating in a beak at the base of the anther, or between its sacs. Stigma a viscid surface facing the lip beneath the beak or between the anther-saes. Fruit a 3-valved capsule. Seeds numerous, very small.— About 450 genera and over 5,000 species of wide geographie distribution, but most abundant in the tropies, where many species are epiphytes. Polleniferous anthers 2, borne laterally on the column: lip a large inflated sac or pouch, without an apical blade—DIAN E. Tribe . CYPRIPEDIEAE. Polleniferous anther solitary: lip simple or complex, if saecate bearing an apical blade, or if merely sac- cate and bladeless, then forming the upper mem —MONANDRAE. Anther attached by a broad base, not only per- sistent, but inarticulate and immobile : pollinia narrowed into tails which. emerge from the base. of the uem EE of the poche lip developed into a spu a:'sac at the bas Tribe II. ORCHIDEAE. Anther terminating the column or posterior, often affixed by a slender filament, often deciduous or coming away with the pollinia, or rarely remi ved 2 a DOOTI lip rarely pro- duc nto a spu Pollinia readily disintegrating, granular, mealy, when in masses neither hard nor : | . Tribe III. NEOTTIEAE. Pollinia waxy, aggregated in masses in which the pollen grains cohere. 364 ORCHIDACEAE Flower-stem terminating a.corm, a cluster of rootstocks, or SE from a pseudobulb or a short rootstoc Tribe IV. EPIDENDREAE. Flower-stem lateral on a leafy stem or pseudo- 2 m an abbreviated leafless stem. Leafy Bees main stem composed of an- members of which each one et nates the year's growth. M pliable, not coriaceous, convo- Trib V. BLET E e rigid, coriaceous, conduplicate. Tribe VI. NC Leafless plants with green roots: main stem growing on year after year, not produced into distinet annual mem- bers, thus of unlimited growth. Tribe VII. POLYRRHIZEAE. CYPRIPEDIEAE Caulescent plants: foliaceous ievos several: lip with |. rounded d ng: sterile stamen glabrous: stigma broad: est at the 1. CYPRIPEDIUM. Scapose nie: : "oli iaceous leaves 2, basal: lip with a fis- sure down the front : sterile stamen glardular-pubescent : stigma broadest at the apex 2. FISSIPES. II. ORCHIDEAE Stigma flat, without appendages Glands of the jun enclosed in a pouch. 3. GALEORCHIS. Glands of the sti naked, or merely surrounded by the A of the anther. Glands covered Dy E. thin membrane, which is de- ciduous with 4. COELOGLOSSUM. Glands Ri a nens ran v i: ELS the anther Bot enclosing the glands Lip entire or shallowly lobed. 5. LYSIAS. Lip incised or fringed. 6. BLEPHARIGLOTTIS. o 2 the anther oe the glands below infolding of the mar gin T. PERULARIA. Stigma with well- developed appenda Base of the anther with long slender appendages. ae with ith three 2 lobes : stigma erect. 8. HABENARIA. entire or nearly so: stigma dd .9. HABENELLA Base of ‘the anther without appendag 10. GYMNADENIOPSIS. III. NEOTTIEAE Stem climbing: elongate vin 11. VANILLA. Stem not climbing: terr cstrial or epiphytic herbs. Anther me the column Lea or bra cts, enale, sometimes represented | ‘by n scales, or if more than 2, whorled | sotria Anther loosely attached, thus mobile. Pollinia mealy, the grains not connected by elastic threads Plant caulescent : braets, and leaves, | alternate. | Lip recurved, the edges of the dilated | upper part Ja-inisi c ec unas the i with a tufted crest: anther hollowed on the back. 12. PoGONIA. Lip straight, the lobes erose, the face long median one: anther flat on the back. 13. CLEISTES. Plant scapose : bracts whorled at the top of the scape. 14. ISOTRIA. Pollinia attached by br threads. Flowers several n the middle lobe ilated upwar pn 15. LIMODORUM. Flower solitary : lip with the middle lobe „TO unded, pendent. 16. ARETHUSA. An mmobile, uc erect. 17. TRIPHORA. Leaf-like Heg opposit 18. OPHRYS ORCHIDACEAE Anther posterior, borne on the back of the column. Inflorescence simple, the rachis not branched. ip posterior, forming the upper member of the eria h. Lip Borne Fus the base of the column or be- Editora donas oiu. at the e and ad- Lip bo rne above the base of the column. Lip ene the lower member of the per Flower-stem arising from a fleshy root or cluster of fleshy roots: rootstock ane ing or not obvious. " SON foot short or obsolete: lateral s als borne obliquely on the hy- pandhium: scarcely, if at all, decur- rent. Anther acute, not lobed: lip with basal callosities. nen zd eleft: lip free from the stigma. RR lip adnate to the Anther notched at the apex, thus 2- : lip without callosities. Column- feet elongate: lateral sepals de- urrent on the hypanthium Lateral sepals forming a pom like spur at the base of the hypanthium. Flower-stem arising from elongate horizontal rootstocks. Foliaceous leaves alternate on the flower- diat lip spurless, or with only a short which is surrounded by the lateral pals Foliaceous leaves clustered at the base of n. Eg stem: lip with an extended r or sae between the SP sepals. lndorescenés. canon: the rachis bran V. pir I Foliage leaves, when developed, Pune n D “appendages, Soie ally in young plants a 2 ria and Aplectrum: some leaves foli- Foliage m always present at E time. Column short: lip 3-lobed at the apex Co elongate: lip dilated at the apex. Foliage prone absent A. flowering time, or some- times represented by mere withered a Lip prolonged posteriorly into an eľongate slen- der spur. Lip not prolonged into a slender spur. Roots or a coralloid. E Bor : ith a crest of about 5 longitudinal Pollini a de lip with a callus on each side of the rib near ue base Foliage joi vos coriaceous or firm-fleshy, always present on the flower-stems. Column without a foot, or with a very T one: lat- eral sepals various, but not T? ngular Pollinia 2-4 : evergreen epiphyte Petals searcely half as lene as the sepals. Petals nearly or quite as long as the sepals, 19. PRESCOTTIA. 20. CRANICHIS. 21. PONTHIEVA. 22. IBIDIUM. 25. 26. 36. . CYCLOPOGON, . MESADENUS. STENORRHYNCHUS. PELEXIA. PERAMIUM. PHYSURUS. . TROPIDIA . MALAXIS. . LIPARIS . TIPULARIA. . APLECTRUM. . HEXALECTRIS. . CORALLORRHIZA. PLEUROTHALLIS. 366 ORCHIDACEAE Lip partly adnate to the column. Column wholly adnate to the D plants without true psudobulbs at the base spathe-like or scale-like bracts borne along a rachis SUE the leafy stems and branc Lip and column with elongate, often slender, adnate bases: flowers in an doluan partly adnate to the lip: plants with Pon at the c x the naked or scaly flowering s Lip Ene "Shallowly or decus SO, tudinally crested or appen- 1 deeply 3-lobed, with a dilated middle lobe and long nerrow lateral lobes: pseudobulbs te- rete: flowering stem no ub- petals elongate, picem p free from the colum Pollinia i5. terrestrial her Column with a SANE foot: lateral sepals triangular, forming a chin E: BLETIEAE "ap e UE the column or wing to it, without a Lip pe. culated to the foot of the column, or forming with it a spur: pollinia or 4, without caudiculae but with short stipes. Lip contracted into a claw: foot of the column slender: plants epiphytic Lip sessile, the base truncate or cuneate: foot of the column dilated or abruptly iod at the base: Blan ais ies restrial. a crestiess, deeply 3-lobed, the lateral lobes widely eadin foot of the e eoneave and grooved, not dilated, the mcm hie ‘Lip with a crest of nipple-like papillae, 'shallowl y a lobed : m m e column flat, thin and dilated, he margin VI. ONCIDEAE Pseudobulbs 1-leaved. Mie at least 3-leaved. D neither Ya- winged nor 2-auricled near or E the summit. Sepals Bind petals not DE tipped. Sepals and petals eau Column 2-winged or 2- cd at or near the summit. VII. POLXRRHIZEAE Polinia stalked: lip saccate or short-spurred, the apex Flowers in a lax raceme: lip sessile ex Pos base of the column, with a globular spur: roo Flo duas. in a stiff spike: d partially mats to the mn, usually saccate at the base: roots coarse. Pollinia sessile: lip e ed the apex or the middle lobe again lobed. on Ol. 38. 39. 50. on x: 52. SPATHIGER. AMPHIGLOTTIS. ENCYCLIA. . EPICLADIUM. . ANACHEILIUM. . HORMIDIUM. . POLYSTACHYA. . BLETIA. . CYRTOPODIUM. . TRIORCHOS. PLATYPUS. | . MACRADENIA. IONOPSIS. RASSIA. ONCIDIUM. . HARRISELLA. . CAMPYLOCENTRUM. . POLYRRHIZA. ORCHIDACEAE 367 YPRIPEDIUM L. Caulescent herbs with fibrous roots. Leaves sev- eral: nus plaited. Sepals 2. Lip a horizontally suspended sae, yellow or white. Stamens appressed, the free tips directed forward.—About 20 species, natives of north temperate ‘regions —Our plants prefer calcareous soils.—Spr.— LADIES ’-SLIPPERS. MOCCASIN-FLOWERS. Biene stamen with the stalk wholly adnate to the column, the blade rounded at the bas oo -wings short and broad: lip longer than the sepals an ge 1. C. reginae. Sterile eH with the stalk pee adnate to the column, ves e not oaned at the base: column-wings long and n row : lip shorter than the K and petals. Sterile stamen with a triangular-ovate blade, less than 1 cm. long, Pra lip golden-y ellow : flowers fragran 2. C. parviflorum. Sterile stamen with an oblong- s or Sut un coms blade dune a acute: lip y : flowers not fragrant. 3. C. pubescens. 1. C. reginae Walt. Stem 3-6 dr tal z to Va., and various provi i 1 Md. Mo., Minn., Ont., and New . C. parviflorum Salisb. Stem 3-5 dm tall: leaf-blades elliptic to oval, 6- 12 em. long: s dd a us to oblong- -]an- ceolate, 2.5—3.5 . long: petals longer S and narrower Ta the sepals: lip 1.5-2.5 em. long: hd body 2-3.5 c long.— (Go (GOLDEN- ace] -Woods Eri shaded ie various provinces, Ga. to Miss., Mo., Wash., B. C., Sask., Ont., an wf. . C. e Willd. Stem 3-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong or elliptic, 9-15 em. long: sepals ovate- ni 2 oblong-ovate: petals linear or attenuate, longer than the sepals: lip 3.5-5 em. long: capsule -body 3.5—4 em. long. [C. hirsutum (Fl. SE. U. 8.) ]—( Onn a pens banks, and m ets, various provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. t o M., B. C., Ont., and N . FISSIPES Small. Acaulescent herbs, with fibrous roots. Leaves mostly 2: blades plaited. Lip a drooping sac. Stamens spreading, the free tips at dde angles to the column.—One specie E een ac l. Leaves 1l- 3 dm. lon blades w or lint] pink or rarely white, obovoid, 4-6 ¢ long: pa ule 3.5—4 em. long. [Cypr ie. dium acaule Ait.|—(MOCCASIN-FLOWER. ed SLIPPER. PINK LADY-SLIPPER. VENUS’-SLIPPER.)—Acid sandy woods and bogs, various provinces, Ala. to "'Tenn., Man., Ont., and Newf.—Spr. 368 ORCHIDACHAE 3. GALEORCHIS Rydb. Acaulescent fleshy herbs, with tuberous roots. Flowers in & spike. Perianth ringent. id and petals converging. Lip broad, spurred. Stigma hollow, the glands enclosed in a pouch.—One species. 1. G. spectabilis (L.) Rydb. sales aes oblong- alliptic, p val, em. lo cape dm ia i «ie spike e 3— 18- flo Sur and and petals vi violet- ud. lip white, 10-13 m long, LE s than the EIE c "n biol (eu BU ORCHIS. d t PURPLE-HOODED ORCHIS.)—Rich woods, various provinces, rarely Coastal d Ga. to Ark., Nebr., Minn, Ont, and N. S.— Es 4. COBLOGLOSSUM Hartman. Caulescent herbs, with biennial 2- "c sii the stem leafy. Flowers relatively small, i in & terminal spike. Perianth green or greenish. Sepals and petals converging, the petals much narrower fae n sepals. Lip narrow, | 2—3-lobed at the apex, the spur much shorter than the lip. Anthers with nar- TOW Misi = dE. ands surrounded by a membrane.—Three species of north Mesi regions. 1l. C. bracteatum (Willd.) Parl. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong-ovate to oblong- n d vds pesar i ate, 10—15 em. long: braets surpassing the flo Pus sepals ovate to peus lanceolate, 5—6 m long: petals boug linear or linear fili form: lip na , 6-8 mm. long: B dde is 8-10 mm. TTN ' [Platanthera bract Torr. ]— (SATYR-0RCHID.) —Meadows a seeds: Blue Ridge ae more northern provinces, N. C. to Nebr., Wash. Alas., Ont., and N. B.—(0; W.)—Spr. 5. LYSIAS Salisb. pini: herbs, the stem scape-like, scaly. Flowers in a spike or raceme. Perianth white or greenish. Sepals EE relatively broad, the lateral ones longer and nar- rower than the median one. Petals much als i T a like bases project forward—About 6 spe- cies of the north temperate zone. 1. L. orbiculata (Pursh) Rydb. Stem -9 dm. tall: basal leaves " flat on the ground; blades orbicular to oval, 1— 3 long: sepals greenish-white, the mon one suborbicular or reniform, 5-6 mm. long, the lateral ones ovate, 8—10 ORCHIDACEAE 369 m. long: petals reflexed, 7-8 mm. long: lip nearly linear, 12-15 mm. long, about 1.5 em. long. [Platanthera D-LEAF ORCHID.)— Woods, Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, Ga. to Minn., Wash., Alas., Ont., and Newf.—Sum. 6. BLEPHARIGLOTTIS Raf. Caulescent herbs, the stem leafy. Flowers a terminal spike. ee white, yellow, orange, purple, Or violet- -purple. Sepals spreading or reflexe etals to or lacerate. lobed, us lobes too edie or lacini ate. Spur with a separated sacs, their narrow en like bases supported on the arms of the stigma, projecting forward and upward. ands naked.—About 10 species, a North American.—Sum.—F RINGE-ORCHID Petals fringed at the apex: lip not 3-lobed. Lip m n T than 8 mm. long: petals slightly shorter than 1. B.cristata. Lip mostly aves 10 mm. long: petals about % as long as ip. Perianth white. Lip with long fringe: spur about as long as the ovary. 2. B. Blephariglottis. Lip Dn IM fringe: spur about twice as long as the 3. B. conspicua. Perianth yellow or orang Petals spatulate: EJ fringed all around. 4. B. ciliaris. Petals oe with 2 basal tufts and a termi- nal fri b. B. Chapmanii. Petals entire, cr i or merely erose: lip 3-lobe Petals entire, ean lip with narrow lobes. 6. B. lacera. Petals crenulate o r erose, dilated upward : lip with dilated obes. Perianth white: petals with AT ero ae blades. T. B. leucophaea. Perianth lilac or violet-purple (albin ccur) : petals not flabellate-dilated. Lobes of the lip fimbriate or fringed: petal-blade toothed on the sides Lip 14-2 m. long: Jateral sepals 9-11 mm. long: petals s 9-12 mm 8. B. grandiflora. Lip 7- 1m m. long: lateral sepals 5-6 mm. long: petals 5- T mm 9. B. psycodes. Es p the lip incised « a PEIUS petal-blade toothed . t the tip or entire. 10. B. peramoena. 1. B. cristata n Raf. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear- i PLA perianth orange: lateral sepals orbicular-ova long: petals euneate, about 3.5 mm. long, t lp subor bienla T ong, de Plain and rarely adj. iue ces, to La., Ark., Tenn., and Mas 2. B. Blephariglottis (Willd.) Rydb. —9 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong- te to E 10-25 em. i : lateral Tu A obovate, 5-7 a cuneate, apex: T ed: 0-2 dora NC Hook. | (Ware FRINGE-ORCHID. | PLUME-OF- 370 ORCHIDACEAE- NAVARRE.)—Acid sandy bogs and swamps, various provinces, a to La., Minn., and Newf. Hybrids with the orange-colored species are know 3. B. conspicua (Nash) Small. Stem 4-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-lanceo- late to broadly linear, 8-40 cm. long: perianth white: lateral sepals suborbicu- lar, 6-9 mm. long: petals nee or oblanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, erose or toothed at ‘the oe. up E or ships aati a 12-16 mm. long, short-fringed: spur 40-50 mm. long.— (SNowy-orcHip. )—Bogs, Coastal Plain or deel adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Ky., and N. C.— The lip is sometimes nearly entir 4. B. ciliaris Bae Rydb. Stem 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades iind p lanceolate, Rl a vat uri ia Hen orange: lateral sepals orbieular-o m icular- m pare etals pee oblong-linear or spatulate . long, sharply enu at the apex: lip ovate in outline, copiously HER erus 15-25 long. [Platanthera ciliaris Lindl.]—(YELLOW-FRINGE-ORCHID. ORANGE EE )—Aeid bogs, meadows, and open woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mich., and Vt. 5. B. Chapmanii Min Stem 6-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-lanceolate to cs linear, 9-20 em. long: MM deep o range: lateral sepals suborbieular orbicular-ovate, 3.5—4.5 mm. long: petals flabellate or cuneate, 3.5—4 mm. ne peetinate- fringed: lip about 10 mm. long, the linear pend with a ter- minal fringe and 2 basal lateral fringes: spur 16-20 mm. long.—Pinelands, Fla. Per Bb a hybrid between B. ciliaris and B. cristata. 6. B. lacera A ee Rydb. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades pui to lanceo- late, 8-20 em. long: perianth greenish-white: lateral sepals e to orbicu- lar ov j g: petals linear, 5.5— ng ire -15 mm l each narrow lobe terminating in a fringe of several, processes: spur 14—16 mm. long. [Platanthera lacera A. Gray]—[GREEN-FRINGED-ORCHID. RAGGED- ORCHID. RUSSET-ORCHID.)—Meadows, swamps, mj moist open woods, various provinees, Ga. to Ark., Man., and Newf. 7. B. oe Cae Rydb. Stem 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 8-20 cm. long: perianth white: lateral sepals broadly ovate or oval, 6—10 mm fog ye obovate to d spatulate 6—9 mm. long; ip 12— ong, the = neate lo E long-fringed: spur 25—40 m ong.— ( PRAIRIE- ORCHID ae eadows and: moist soil, ae ee provinces, La. D Minn. and N. S., rare E of the yeu — The flowers are fragrant. [t "1i eo Un oO ESY E bo be o OR JE 8. B. grandiflora Mcd Rydb. Stem eed dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong- obovate or oblong to lanceolate, 8-30 cm. long: per 2: lilac- E lateral sepals ovate, 9-11 mm. long: petals with narrow claw : lip wi ed r 20—30 mm. lon [Platanthera fimbriata Lindl.]—(PLUME-ROYAL, pee E-FRINGE- ORCHID.)—Meadows and rich woods, Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn. to Md., and various provinces, W. Va. to Ont., Newf., and N. J. 9. B. psycodes (L.) Et Stem 3-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades p e = oblong- lanceolate, 5-25 cm. long: perianth lilac: lateral s Ded , 5—7 m long: petals with broad claws: lip with a spur 13—16 mm. long. Ta. psycodes A. Gray]— ap id -FRINGE.)— Meadows, swamps and open woods, S ue Ridge, N. C. a Tenn. to Md., and various provinces, N. J. and Pa. to Minn., and New | 10. B. peramoena (A. Gray) Rydb. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong to laneeolate, 8-20 em. long: perianth rose-purple: lateral sepals broadly ovate to suborbicular, 7-10 mm. long: petals as long as the sepals or ee ORCHIDACEAE 371 so, spatulate, or the body orbicular-obovate, oe or erose: lip 14—18 mm. long, the lobes sais or flabellate, ineised or erose: spur 19—26 mm. long. [ Plantanthera peramoena A. Gra ay |— (PRIDE-OF- pe AK. | PINK-FRINGE-OR- eadows "ed stream- done Blue Ridge and Appalachian provinces, Ala. to N. C., and various provinces, Tenn. to Ark. "Ohio, and N. J. 7. PERULARIA Lindl. Caulescent herbs, with thick fibrous roots, the stem leafy. Flowers relatively small, in a terminal spike. Perianth yellowish or greenis Sepals and pa 1s all relatively broad. Lip lanceolate lobe ish. Sep o suborbieular, undulat with a on each side near the base, and a ao tubercle, the spur bu than the lip. Anthers with horizontal valves opening upward, dilated at the base, thus forming a cavity enclosing the icu- lar gland. About 4 species of the north temperate zone.—Sum. ae SPIKES Lip Re Cu longer than wide: bracts mostly longer than the flow 1. P. flava. Lip about as wide as long: bracts mostly shorter than the flowers. undulate, suborbicular, oval or ovate-orbieular: petals i e longer than wide. 2. P. scutellata. Lip with 2 lobes at the base of the blade, hastate: petals as wide as long or wider 3. P. bidentata. P. flava (L.) Farwell. Stem 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, oblong o lanceolate, 0. dni dm. long: -bracts pes longer than the flowers: lateral a ale oval to obov e, 3-4 mm. long: slig ly a han the sepals, uen or erenulate: lip hastate, the middle lobe oblong to lanceolate, 4-5. long lon spur shorter than the ovary. [ Platan- thera flava A. Gray]—Wet woods, vari- ous provinees, E E of Blue Ridge, La. to Minn., Ont., and N. S. 2. P. = (Nutt.) Small. Stem 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong-lanceo- e i 2.9 : ng: S about 15 as long as the ovary.—Swamps and shallow water, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Ark., Ind., and Pa. —Often confused with P. flava whieh has a more N and W ran ge. 3. P. bidentata (Ell) Small. Pere to the next preceding species in habit: flowers e larger: petals as wide as long or wider: lip ovate in E —6 mm uberele horn- like: spur about as long as the ovary.—Low woods, i Pisin Fla. to Ala. and N. C. 8. HABENARIA Willd. con, on y did Flowers in a terminal and like raceme. Perianth white, green, or w. Sepals distinct or nearly s the lateral ones spreading, sligh a eae Petals MCN -parte à Lip 3- Dn spurred. Anther-sacs elevated, each with an appendage at the base. Stig with narrow 8100 the glands naked.—About 50 species, most rn in the tropies.—LONG-SPUR ORCHIDS. 372 | ORCHIDACEAE Spur about as long as the hypanthium or the o Spur clavate: uen SAM scape-like, with "o remote Scale- like leaves: raceme interrupted. 1. H. distans. Spur ae Sones slightly-thickened at the tip: stem stout, le afy : raceme contin 2. H. repens. Spur ud longer than the hy RN or the ovary Spur twice to thrice as long as the hypanthium m the o i row lobe of the petal less than twice as long as He broad 3. H. quinqueseta. Spur four to six times as long as the hypanthium or the vary: narrow lobe of the petal over twice as long as the broad lobe. 4. H. Habenaria. 1. H. distans Griseb. Stem scape-like, 2-3 dm. tall, with the larger leaves near the base, ie use poen scales above: Det blades aliptic, varying 4—1 long: to ov g: ow lobe of lod petal slightly eee than the —9 long.—Low bro Duci. m Fla.—( mW. T )—8&pr. —sum. H. repens Nutt. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: wh blades x Mec M d or lanceo- 2: 2: p ron eolate, 5-30 em. long: m e E o narrow lobe of the pet etal ae than the obtuse elliptic broader o a E = mm. long a uch 1 than the middle one. [H. Nu ttallii Small] —Di swamps, ponds, streams, and lake- shores, cree a Fla. to La. and N. C.—(W. I. C. A, S. A.)— pr.-fall, all y r S.—Erro iip reported from Va. "To be found in both eer us pou habit Often found growing in detached float- ing clusters. of decaying Sanna water- hyacinths, and water-lettuce 3. H. quinqueseta G Sw. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, evenly pic leaf- panes oval, elliptic, or ovate, 83-10 em. long: bracts lanceolate to ovate lanceolate lateral sepals elliptic p ovate, 7-10 mm. long: narrow of ‘the petals endi than the PLE elliptie or podus d broader one: middle lobe of the lip linear-spatulate to almost linear: capsule short- iik d. [H. Michaux Nutt. H. Simpsonii Small ]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and 8. C.— all. 4. H. Habenaria (L.) Small. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, the leaves ig aed on the lower part of the stem : leaf. pn Slip. to lanceolate, 5-15 em. long: lateral das elliptie to ovate: -elliptie, . long: ue of the petals longer than the linear or linear- eliptic ps ader one: : middle ul of the lip linear: capsule long- Bow ni d. [H. macroceratitis Willd.]—Hammoc Fla. —(W. I.)—Sum.—It seems a that this a eee eae should’ not occur in tropical Fla., but it apes ars to be restricted to ocks north of the middle of the peni insula. The flowers, ‘with much eed pied TRUM any of our other species, are very fragrant. ABENELLA Small. Caulescent herbs.. Flowers in a terminal spike. Perianth yellowish, becoming green. Sepals distinct, the lateral ones spread- ing, very inequilateral. Petals much smaller than the sepals, sinuately lobed at the apex and with a small er lobe. Lip entire above, with 2 small basal ORCHIDACEAE 373 lobes. Anther-sacs with filiform appendages at the base. Stigma with two short c EM the glands naked.— One speci 1. H. odontopetala (Reichenb. f.) Small. Stem 3-6 dm. tall: me a oblong to oblong- -Janceolate, long, ad lateral sepals n Bus 5.5— mm mm. long: petals about 4 : TUM sinuately 3-lobed at the apex: lip 6-10 mm. long, broadly linear, obtuse: spur 12-18 lon mg: capsule ped ing, the bo jo 9-1 long, longer than the stipe. | Platanthero a (Porter) Chapm Habenella Garberi ra Fla. Sy) Small]—Hammocks, —( , Mex., C. A.)—A1 yea 10. GYMNADENIOPSIS Rydb. Caulescent herbs. Flowers in a ter- minal spike. Perianth whit ink ish, or orange-yellow. Sepals dis- sepals, undulate, sinuate-lobed or erose. Lip entire, 3-lobed at the p OT crenulate or erose. Anthers with parallel approximate sacs, and naked con tiguous glands. Stigmas with 2 or 3 appendages at the beak.—A genus of eastern North America hani by the following species.—Sum.—REIN- ORCHIDS. Lip posterior, erect. , I. NIVEA Lip anterior, pendent. II. aa I. NIVEAE xen topped by a short stout spike, the hypanthium and perianth hite. 1. G. nivea. II. INTEGRAE Lip erose-crenulate: perianth yellow or orange: spur filiform. 2. G. integra. us F DURS at the apex: periantn whitish or greenish: spur cla- l 3. Œ. clavellata. . G. nivea (Nutt.) Rydb. Stem 2-5 dm. tall: leaves reduced on the upper part of the stem, the lower ones is linear or linear- -oblong blades 5—20 long: perianth white or eae latera sepals ovate : ee 4—6 long: pet —4.5 mm. pun bey the tip EUM. e: Lp linear or linear- laneeolate, 5—7 mm. long, entire, ereet: spur ut 1 cm. long, curving up- ward: capsule 9-11 mm. 1l [Gy nadenia nivea Engelm. and yl s TORCHES. FROG-SPEAR. WHITE REIN- D.)—Low pinelands, acid meadows, "ru m hillsides, Coast 2 Pin, Fla. to Tex., Ark., an nd N. J.— ) 2. G. integra (Nutt.) Rydb. Stem 3- 6 dm. tall: leaves much reduced on the upper part of oa stem, the lower ones with broadly linear or linear-lanceolate blades 5—20 em. long: perianth yellow or orange-yellow: lateral — Quae to obovate, 3-4 mm. long: petals 3-3.5 mm. long, oblong or nearly so: lip 374 ORCHIDACEAE oblong to id -oblong or oval, 44.5 mm. long, er 'Ose or ipe no spur mm. long, iy un downward: “caps fully 10 mm. long. [Gymn dema fiava Lindl]—(FROG-ARROW. ORANGE REIN-ORCHID. )— Moist piclands , Ten and acid bog Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and N. J. 3. G. clavellata r. Rydb. Stem 1-5 dm. tall, rather uin above: leaves scale-like except 1 or 2 near the middle of e stem or below it; blades oblong or RR UM E 5-12 em. long: perianth whi tish or seen lateral sepals ovate to oval, 2-3.5 mm. pc petals 3—4 mm. long, £ sinuately 3-lobed: lip slightly dilated "upward, s . long: capsule 7-8 mm. long. [Gymna- ema Med gale ( Willd.) Hook.]— C FROG- eet Pa RBIN-ORCHTD eo grounds and swamps, various provinces, Fla. , Minn., and New 11. VANILLA Sw. Vines with rope-like stems and aerial roots. Leaves remote, iiis much reduced. Flowers in axillary clusters. Perianth mainly pale, but showy. Lateral sepals narrow, slightly broadened upward. Petals ee coe than the sepals. Lip cornuco ike, involute and adnate to the long eolumn, the free dilated tip fringed or erisped. Capsule LE About 20 species, mostly of tropical regions an mms m IDS Leaves with blades, not da dunt capsule elongate. Lip fringed, 40-50 mm. long: sepals and petals less than 60 mm. p V. Vanilla. Lip crisped, 10-80 mm. long: sepals and petals over 70 mm. lo ong. V. phaeantha. Leaves obsolete, or scale-like, and recurved at the tip: capsule snort. Lip abruptly pointed at the apex: leaves mere narrow scales . near the tips of the branches. 3. V. Eggersii. Lip notched at the apex: leaves obsolete. 4. V. articulata. V. Vanilla (L.) Britton. Leaf-blades us to elliptic, 10-18 em. long: lateral m petals linear or nea SO 5—9 . long, the edge fringed [F. planifolia Andr.]—( VANILLA-VINE.) Hammocks, n. Fla. The eured eapsule is the i vanilla-bean' of commerce. Usually merely a waif. V. phaeantha Reiehenb. Leaf-blades narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 9 15 cm. long: lateral Paes nearly linear, slightly narrowed to the base and the apex, 65-80 mm. ines petals rather narrower than the a: sepals: lip 70-80 mm. ong, the edge crenulate.— (LEAFY-VANILLA.)—Low hammocks, S pen. Fla.—(W. I.) V. Eggersii Rolfe. Leaves remote, scale-like, linear to lanceolate, 5—7 bas: pide sepals spatulate, 33-36 mm. long: petals narrowly spatulate: us 30-36 m the long, edge crisped: capsule 5-7 cm. long, slender-clavate.— ( 10055 -VANILLA.)— mocks, Everglade Keys and Cape Sable ie) Fla. —(W. I.)—In pese. which are permanently dry or usually dry 4. V. arti pid Northrop: Stem and gus very stout: leaves obsolete: lateral sepals narrowly oblong, 28-33 m ong: petals oblong-spatulate: lip 2 mm. nd he edge im. -eri ER n ule 7-9 em. long, stout-clavate. —(WoRM-VINE.)—Hammock islands, S Everglades and swamps, Cape Sable re- gion, Fla.—(W. TIn} hammocks subject to overflow part of the year. ORCHIDACEAE l 375 12. POGONIA Juss. Caulescent herbs, with cord-like roots. Leaves usually solitary or 2 on the stem. Flowers solitary or 2 Sun ether. Perianth mainly pink, rose, or lilac. Sepals nearly equal, slightly longer than the petals. Petals broader than the sepals. Lip fringed at the dilated apex, with a papil- lose crest on the face. Capsule erect.— One species : P. pi are E Ker. Ste tall: des the eine eave and bracts green, ne -lanceolate elliptic, 3-8 cm. long: lateral sepals linear bar d or narrowly oblong, 15- 20 long, acute: petals elliptic or oim cuneate, 14-16 m m. long, obtuse: lip longer than the po pound Es the rounded apex.—(ETTERCAP. CRES TERCAP. ROSE CRESTED-ORCHID. ud E flat woods, and damp prairies, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and New pr. 13. CLEISTES L. C. Rich. Caulescent rather succulent herbs, with eord- like roots. Leaves 1 or 2 on the stem, but usually solitary. Flowers mostly 1 or 2, somewhat nodding, the braet or oak foliaceous. Perianth mainly brown and pink. Sepals various, the lateral ones much narrower than the median. Petals nearly like the lateral sepals. Lip erose on the edges, the apical lobe with a median and 2 lateral BM Capsule erect.—One species. 1. C. divaricata (L.) Ames D. (md dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves line r nea attenuate, brownish: etals narrowly PA to ae od 20—35 mm pi : T £5 re t maintained a foothold in the mountains. In the level lowlands of the oue regions it oceurs in such abundance as to form seas of pale rose. There are several forms in the Coastal regions show- ing much variation in the size of the perianth and of its parts. 14. ISOTRIA Raf. Scapose herbs, with elongated roots. Leaves reduced to scales at the base of the scape. Scape topped by a whorl of 5 or 6 spread- ing leaf-like bracts. Flowers solitary or 2 together. Perianth purple or green- ish. Sepals nearly equal, much longer than the petals. Petals broader than the sepals. Lip 3-lobed at the apex, sessile, crested along the middle. enims erect.—Two species, the following and one in the northeastern State 376 > ORCHIDACEAE 1. I. verticillata (Willd.) Raf. is 2—4.5 dm. tall: blades of the whorled ie mainly elliptie to ova obo- e, 2.0-8 em. long: flower long- bored ROS due purple, narrowly linear, 30-50 median broad lobe: capsule 2- lon [Pogoma verticillata Nutt.]— (GREEN ADDERL -L ) —Woods, often in acid soil, various provinces, Fla La., ( ; Wis., —Spr.—A related species, afini (A Rydb., with yellowish sessile or nearly sessile flowers, occurs in S Va. and may be expected in N. 15. LIMODORUM L. Scapose herbs with corms. Leaves Di opm; of several sheathing scales, and one with an elongate blade. Flowers in a ter- minal raceme-like spike. Perianth mainly purple, pink-purple, or e Lat- eral AS inequilateral, shorter than the median one. Petals nearly equilateral, what narrowed at the base. Lip erect, with 2 minute lateral lobes and a E dilated middle lobe bearded with clavate hairs. Capsule erect. [Calopogon . Br.]—Represented by the following species—GRASS-PINKS. ROSE-WINGS. Dilated pon of the middle lobe of the lip separated from the lateral lobes by a linear stalk-like base. Lip "15.19 m mm. long: column- -wing narrowed at the base. nM lobe of the lip cuneate-flabellate : mature leaf-blades mm. wide. 1. L. tuberosum. Middle lobe the lip obreniform : mature leaf-blades less Im vide. 2. L. Simpsonii. Lip o 10m rel column- -wings truncate at the bas 3. L. pallidum. Dilated So of the middle lobe of the lip narrowed down to the lateral lobes Middle lobe of the lip cuneate, the lateral no v EE sepals broadly ovate: lip roun or truncate at . e apex; erest extending to the mar Eine 4. L. multiflorum. Lateral sepals e c-ovate: lip deeply .2-lobed at the : l apex; crest cen 5. L. pinetorum. Middle lobe of thè lip rounded at the base, the lateral lobes ider than lon 6. L. parviflorum. 1. L. tuberosum L. Leaf-blade broadly linear to narrowly elliptic long: scape 2-9 dm. tall: perianth p -purple: lateral sepals half. orbicular, 15-17 mm. long, ce. Ps a E long, the blade elliptic lanceolat middle lobe of the lip Su. less than do ab ellate, nearly trun adows, and df E o various porc ad in and Newf.—Spr. The p "e varies from deep- Dura to white. | 2. L. Simpsonii ( cud ipeum ird or rarel i orbicular, 17-18 mm. long, cuspidate: pet- als 20-22 mm. long, the blade elliptic. -ovate: middle lobe of the lip 8-10 mm. ORCHIDACEAE 377 wide, obreniform, emarginate, a over 11 mm. wide: column-wings broadly obovate.—Swamps and P airies, pipe in aes soil, mostly in the Ever- i pen. Fla.— (JW. I eus all yea . pallidum (Chapm.) C hr. Leaf-blade narrowly linear, 10—30 em long: scape 2-5 dm. tall: siu palepi pu Or D tinged with purple: lat- eral sepals broadly elliptie to obova -18 mm. long, acute: petals 13—14 mm. long, the blades linear t Md a Taie doe - middle lobe of the lip 5-6 wide, cuneate-flabellate, emarginate: eolumn-wings broadly deltoid.—W et e Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C. —Spr. L. multiflorum (Lindl) C. Mohr. Leaf-blade linear, 8-15 ne long: scape a dm. tall: perianth rose-purple: lateral sepals ovate, 10-12 m. long, acute: petals 12-18 mm ry the blades ovate or obovate: middle | lobe of the lip broadly cuneate, 8-9 mm. wide , truncate or rounded: column-wings rhombic.— "si pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.—Spr. L. pinetorum Small. Leaf-blade narrowly linear, 0.5-1.5 dm. 2 scape i 5 dm. tall: perianth deep-pink: lateral sepals elliptic-ovate, 10.5-11.5 m long, aa bs 11-12 mm. long, the blade elliptic: middle epa of the lip wide, deeply 2-lobed at the apex ru mucronate: colu wings nan ocu: —Dry pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla.— zs 6. L. parviflorum (Lindl.) Nash. Leaf-blade narrowly linear, 1-3 dm. long: scape 1.5-4 dm. tall: perianth rose-pink: lateral sepals ovate or elliptic, 11-14 m als 13-15 m. long, a abruptly contracted at the apex: pe 15 mm. long, the blade id -lanceolate: ‘middle lobe of the lip M nU reniform, 9—10 mm. wide, adly rounded at the apex: column-wings nearly half orbieular. [L. gramini folium (Ell.) Small ]—Low ‘pinelands, and wad ios, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—Spr. 16. ARETHUSA L. Scapose herbs, with corms. Leaves elongate sheath- ing scales, the upper one producing a narrow blade. Flower usually solitary at the top of the scape. Perianth mainly rose-pink. Lateral sepals slightly curved. Petais quite similar to the lat- eral sepals, but shorter. Lip dilated, recurved, crested. pak erect.—Two ue the following and one in Japan. A. bulbosa L. Basal leaf with a linear blade 10-15 em. long: seape 1-3 dm. tall: lateral idee broadly linear to narrowly di i E mm. long, acute: lip 25-30 m. long, with 2 shallow lateral lobes and a im Paddle yo oothed or fringed at the dE capsule 20-25 mm. long.— (ROSE SWAMP ROSE-ORCHID.)—Acid bogs, Blue Ridge, 8. pa to Va., UR vari- ous provinces, Md. to Minn. an nd wf.— Spr.—Plant L pe during se but as the dios "e an elongate blade protrudes from the basal sheaths. Albino forms occu 17. TRIPHORA Nutt. Caulescent herbs, with fleshy tubers. Leaves sev- eral, with relatively broad scale-like blades. Flowers nodding, several, axillary to leaf-like bracts. Perianth white or magenta-pink. Sepals nearly equal, about as long as the petals. Petals about as broad as the sepals, but narrower . at the base. Lip dilated above the claw, prominently 3-lobed, erestless or with .9 low crests, the middle lobe much larger than the lateral ones. Capsule droop- 378 | ORCHIDACEAE ing.—NODDING-CAPS.—About 10 species, natives of tropicel and temperate America.—Sum.—fall. Column 10-12 mm. long: petals spatulate: capsule as long as the stalk or PLN Shorter. 1. T. trianthophora Column 6-7 mm. long: petals linear or nearly so: capsule much shorter than the stalk. 2. T. cubensis. 1 T. trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. Stem 5-30 em. tall: leaf-blades suborbicu- lar to Mis orbieular or ovate, 5-20 mm. long, dos elasping, but spreading: flowers nodding, white flushed with p dig sepals linear- uu. 12-15 m ong: petals spatulate: lip 12-15 mm long, the middle eu i mm. T or or more: eapsule 10—14 m [Pogoma pen dula ( m Tul. ]-- QNonors-srrun- C THREE- S.)—Rich woods, vari- ous provinces, ee eee Plain, Fla. to Kans., Wis., and Me. 2. T. p ds. E p depo Ames. Stem 0 leaf-blades broadly lir e lip Su mioa ims the ‘middle lobe 3 mm. wide or pem capsule 12-15 mm. long.—Pinelands, S pen. Fla.— (W. I.) ` Both s iei are irregular in their flowering Seasons; several years may elapse between them 18. OPHRYS L. Scapose herbs. Leaves reduced to scales at the base of the scape. Flowers in a raceme subtended by 2 opposite leaf-like bracts. Perianth greenish or brownish purple. Sepals and petals distinct, nearly equal, spreading or reflexed. Lip more or less drooping, 2-lobed at the apex, the lobes sometimes elongate. Stigma-beak rounded. Capsule slender-stipitate. [Lis- tera r.]—About 12 species, natives of north temperate and arctic regions.— TWAYBLADES. DOUBLE-LEAF ORCHIDS. Lip wedge- Beth about twice as long as the petals, notched at the apex: column 1.5 mm. long. 1. O. Smalti. TE ee E 10 times longer than the petals, 2-parted : column 0.5 2, O. australis. 1. O. Smallii (Wiegand) House. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: blades of the go reni- 1-3 long: m. ; . reniformis mall |—(GrPsv- WIT CH.) —Thiekets and wooded hillsides, in acid humus, Blue Ridge and Appalachian Valley, N. CG. to Tenn. and Pa.—Spr.-sum. 2. O. australis (Lindl) House. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: blades of the ci) den j D: 1.5—2. A BE ng: 1.5-2 m lip —12 mm. con ‘the lobes i "Latera australis Lindl.]—Wet acid thickets MINE: NNNM ee ORCHIDACEAE 379 and low woods, Coastal Plain, New England Upland and Great Lake Lowland, Fla. to La., Ont., and Vt. —Spr. 19. PRESCOTTIA Lindl. Caulescent herbs, with stout roots. Leav various, the basal ones with broad blades, the cauline ones reduced to didus scales. Flowers minute, 1 in a terminal i i it th sepals. Lip very broad, the bla de. auri- cled at the base. Capsule ascending.— About 30 species of tropical America. 1. P. oligantha (Sw.) Lindl. Plant 2- the stem with narrow scales: about 1.5 m ee -ovate, about 1 1 mm. : lip 15 m long, t he blade suborbieu- lar P LUE aurieles at the capsule-bo ody 4—5 mm. lo mic AU "Everglade Keys, Fla.— (WW. I.) —Wint. 20. CRANICHIS Sw. Caulescent oa. herbs, with coarse roots. Leaves various, the lower cauline with mostly long-petioled dilated blades, the upper ones reduced to partially eee | ing scales. Flowers in a terminal spike. 1 itis . pals broad, slightly inequilateral. Petals narrow, mueh smaller than the sepals. longer than the petals, concave. Capsule scarcely stipitate-—-About 20 species of tropical America. 1. C. muscosa Sw. Plant 1-3 dm. the stem scaly: c blades "olg: elliptie, oval or ad 2.5-7 long: lateral sepals 3 -3.5 mm. long: vetals narrowly Mistic to cuneate-spatu- ate, 2.5-3 mm. long: lip oblong or o so, about 3 mm. long, sessile: or 2 or ellipsoid, 1 em. long or les E eeu Everglade Keys, Fla—(W. I.)—Wint.-spr. 21. PONTHIEVA R. Br. Caulescent herbs with seape-like stems from clustered roots. Leaves various, the lower cauline with dilat ed blades, the mere scales. Flow im a lax raceme. Perianth greenish. Latera sepals broad, slightly inequilateral Petals icine is blade very inequilat- eral, slender-elawed. Lip relatively small, eonea eaked, short-elawed. Cap- ading.—About 20 species, natives of ino tropieal and warm parts of America.—SHADOW-WITCHES. Petal-blades about as wide as long: lip 4 mm. long or more. 1. P. racemosa. Petal-blades decidedly longer than wide: lip 3.5 mm. long or less. 2. P. Brittonae. 1. P. racemosa (Walt.) C. Mohr. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, the stem scape-like, with remote sheathing seales: leaves mainly near the base of the stem ; blades. ellip- 380 ORCHIDACEAE tic or Adi is oval, 4-13 em. long, or longer: raceme stout, glandular-pubescent, 1 : 6-21 em. long: br acts linear- dd ue 5-14 mm. long: median sepal oblon or elliptic] anceolate m long, obtuse; lateral sepals ovate, "5 5.5 mm. long, acutish: petals 5 long, the blades about as wide as long: lip white with green stripes, E ther adly linea [ P. ndulosa (Sim r.|—Ric 00 asta R. ds, Coa Plain and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala. and Va.—Fall.—spr. 2. P. Brittonae Ames. Plant similar Me that E P. racemosa, but smaller r : lea with & more : SPEM elliptic, pie. Ad dada. 9-11 em. long, acute: dc. . long: bracts oe ere ae 4—8 long: RAM sepal elliptic- Tes or ore 4—4.5 mm. long, obtuse; lateral sepals vate, 44.5 mm, long, acute: petals 44.5 mm. long, the blades decidedly longer than wide: lip 3-3.5 mm. lon ng: anther narrowly ellipsoid.— Pinelands and rarely hammoeks, Everglade Keys, Fla.—(W. I.)—Wint. 22. IBIDIUM. Salisb. Caulescent herbs. Leaves various, the basal and lower cauline with usually narrow blades or sometimes with short broad blades, the upper eauline leaves mere sheathing scales. Flowers in a terminal spiral spike. Perianth white, rarely pinkish, done or greenish. Median sepal and petals coherent: lateral sepals erect. Lip erect, or with a spreading tip, bear- i asal callosities, the lower portion folded around the very short column ith a 2-forked beak. Capsule ascending. [Spiranthes L. C. Rich tigm ree Pers.]—About 80 species, natives of temperate and tropical Amer- ica.—LADIES’-TRESSES. PEARL-TWISTS. PIRAL-ORCHIDS.—A decoction from the roots of some of the species is used by the Seminoles as a blood purifier. Flowers merely alternate, apparently secund as a result of the twisting of the rachis. Stem Me oe scales: basal leaves with relatively short and broad blades, ip white A ANS perianth about E n lon ES I. Beckii. Lip medially colored: perianth 4—5 m Lip medially yellow: aoe rs o opening re spring. 2. I. floridanum. Lip medially green: flowers opening in summ 3. I. gracile. Spike merely secund, unilateral or md spirally isted : pd large Sis 11 mm. long 4, I. longilabre. SILIO and channeled. 5. I. tortile. Blades of the basal pepe narrowly linear, flat. Lip pubescent without. "Lib of an elliptic type, usually eee across the callosities. laciniate at the t 6. I. laciniatum. Lip of an ovate type, usually b Bes in front of the pane ae not laciniate at the tip. T7. I. vernale. Lip glabrous withou 8. I. praecoa. Flowers Pn al ranked, bor =e in an elongate, often dense spike, the rachis not conspicuously twisted. Lip white, pubescent, the callosities prominently exserted and more or less hoo oked. Perianth over 8 mm. lon ng, not conspicuously ringent, the parts not ee 9. I. cernuum. Perianth less than 4 m long, conspicuously ringent, the parts with COHSBIGHOHED. aa tips 10. I. ovale. Lip yellow, glabrous, the callosities imbedded. in the base of the blade. 11. I. plantagineum. ORCHIDACEAE 381 1. I. Beckii (Lindl.) House. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, from a single root (the pre- ceding season’s ean sometimes Pura E blades of the basal leaves ovate elliptic, a 3 em. lon rae spike very slen der, relatively p -flowered : perianth white: lateral sepals juod about 3 long: petals spatulate to elliptie- spatulate: E ovate to orbicular-ovate, E [Spiranthes simplex ae cid soil, often in open oa Tuastal Plain à nd adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and ps Sum. 2. I. floridanum Wherry. Stem 1.5-4 dm. tall, from a eluster of fleshy roots: blades of the basal leaves elliptie Or Pub re so, 1-4 em. long: spike iiu em. long: pe erianth whitish or c colored, with a bright yellow stripe a iddle of the lip: cd. sepals lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long: petals linear: lin elliptie- -oblong, about as long as the us — Moist, enone acid pinelands and boggy meadows, RUE Plain, Fla. to E and S. C.—Spr. 9. I. gracile (Bigel) House. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, from a cluster Gi short roots: blades of the basal leaves elliptie or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-5 em. long: T ike slender, as em. long: perianth white, with a bright ipm D down middle of the lip: lateral sepals lanceolate, 4—4.5 m ong: petals linear: im re ae oblong, slightly longer than the sepals Dry, a acid d an woods, various dip Ga. to Tex., Man., and N. S.—Sum 4. I. longilabre (Lindl) H from usually 3 -— roots: ole of the basal ie mn p: Mines M n 2-5 em. long: spike stout: perianth mainly white: lateral sepals Ei i r linear- lanceolat ate from a Ru base: petals broadly linear or nearly s ToN elliptic-ovate, 7-9 mm. long, much erisped above the base, faa pics : [ Spiran- thes qeu Chapm. | —Moist grassy pinelands, Coastal Pla. Fla to La.— Fall. 5. I. tortile (Sw.) House. Stem 2-4.5 dm. e from a cluster of long roots: blades of the basal and lower cauline leaves elongate-linear or filiform-linear, very thick, mostl em. long: spike tun pe slender: perianth mainly S: ads sepals broadly lanceolate, 4.5-5.5 mm. long: petals narrowly ellip- tic: lip ovate, mm. long.—Marshes and moist a. Coastal Plain, Fla. to La EW., I.)—Spr.-fall. I. laciniatum (Small) House. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, from a cluster of coarse de roots, more or less pubescent: blades of the basal and lower cauline leaves DER linear and often long- tapering, up to 40 em. long: spike slender, elongate: perianth white or nearly so, 7-9 mm. long: lateral sepals linear- ely ex.—Wet sandy soil, marshes, ponds, and lake shores, often in acid soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—Spr.-sum. 7. I. vernale (Engelm. & Gray) House. Stem 1.5-6.5 dm. tall, from elongate- fusiform roots, eet pubescent above: blades of the basal and lower cauline leaves linear, tapering to both ends, or sometimes phyllode-like and without a dilated blade, 7-15 em. inne bd elongate: perianth yellowish: lateral ae lanceolate, 6-10 mm. long: petals linear or elliptic-linear: lip ovate, presa rhombie-ovate. [I. Exo eie ups ae —Sa a or gravelly hs meadow po and open woods, various provinees, Fla. . M., Kans., and Mass.— in .)—Spr.-fal. Hybridizes with J. pros um: dr intermedium | I. praecox (Walt.) House. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, from clustered elongate pm is ingly pubescent above: blades of the ba sal and lower cauline leaves linear, cece narrowly so, 8—25 em. long: spike elongate, slender, hm very dense: perianth 382 ORCHIDACEAE mainly white with the parts MER Mie with green, 4-5 mm. long: lateral sepals s nico: to linear-lanceolate, 5—6 mm. long (rarely D Petals li linear: "d elliptie.—Wet gras ipe e Plain, Fla. to Tex. an —S I. cernuum (L.) H Stem 1—4 dm. tall or up to 1 m., from coarse cord- ike roots: ‘blades of the pee al and lower cauline leaves ee sometimes broadly arying | 2 0 em. lon apenas with elon ae i. s bases: spike dense, 3-15 em. long, stout: ers more or less fra : perianth white or creamy, 7—11 mm. long: petals lanceolate: lip ovate- due usen oa or dilated at the base, more or less erose or crisped near the apex. [J. trilobum Small]—Bogs, ed ub , rive , usu i Z ys and New : d tu in a -acid soil and often drier places, has been described as I. ochroleucum (Rydb.) House, while a vigorous variant, growing mostly in rich swamps of moderate acidity, in the southern Coastal Plain, has been described as I. odoratum (Nutt.) Hou 10. I. ovale (Lindl) House. Stem 2—4 dm. tall, from a cluster of elongate roots: blade r the basal and lower cauline Dept broadly linear to b r- elliptie, 416 c m. long: pi slender, pops ring, elosely flowered but not very dense: perianth white , 4-5 mm. long: lateral sepals broadly lanceolate: Pete broadly Pu S linear. lanceolate: lip ovate to elliptic-ovate, narrowed at the apex. [Spira cernua parviflora Chapm.]—Moist par Di eu hill- sides, various ane ity Ga. to La. (Tex.?), Mo., and Ohio.—Fal 11. I. plantagineum (Raf.) House. Stem 1—4 dm. tall, from a eluster of thiek roots: blades of the b and lower cauline leaves broadly li linear to linear- els. or broadest one ebd: the middle or below it: spike stout, not taper = ing, rather loosely fiowered: perianth, except the lip, white or nearly SO, 5-7 ME ng: la is sepals a E n linear: lip quadrate-elliptie, yello ow, broad a e ap Moist woods and grassy banks, various provinces, rarely Coastal Pit, N. C. to Minn. and N. Tous ein] 3. CYC OGON Pres]. Caulescent herbs. Leaves various, the basal and lower ite with wide blades, the upper cauline mere sheathing scales. Flowers in a terminal spike. Perianth whitish. Median sepal and petals coherent; lateral sepals erect. Lip with a large body completely involute about the long column and a short nearly erect tip, the e eallosities com- monly minute or obscure. Stigma-beak not forked.—About 30 species in tropical America. Column and androecium nearly ee the lip: apical lobe of the lip rhombic, much narrower than the body of the 1. C. cranichoides. Column and androecium about hele as long as the lip: apical lobe of the lip oe r flabellate, nearly or quite as wide as the body of the lip ; 2. C. elata. 1. C. anos (Giseb.) Schltr.. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves a a 2-3.5 cm. long, usually a flowers spreading: lateral sepals M laneeolate, about 5 mm. long, obtuse: petals spatulate: lp ` 0 the 0 ds 2 cuneate Ls Spread o m p mall rhombic pem mn n posa cap- id long. M [e] i d [e] E BS < and: the o Koa (W. I.) —PNWint.-spr. ORCHIDACEAE 383 2. B. elatum (Sw.) Schltr. Plant similar to that of the preceeding species, but usually larger, up to 6 dm. tall: blades Pri apes oe ip don Or ies varying to br ap above ls middle or belo , 19 em. long or eut nds EE n with a long petiole- like Dose E sale lanceolate, abou a petals linear- ende about 5 . long: lip about 6 oim ne "body ovate, when spread out, about as "ides as the reniform or fabel. late po lobe or narrower: co dien shorter than the anther: capsule Ad soi a. a m. long.—Hammocks, Brooksville hammock region, Fla.—(W. 24. MESADENUS Schlechter. Caulescent herbs with stout tuberous roots. Leaves various, the basal with broad short blades, those of the stem mere sheathing scales. Spike erect, slender, sometimes elongate, with short bracts. owers arcuate, the perianth rin rs horizontal or somewhat nodding, greenish-purple. Median sepal and petals coherent, recurved. Lateral Sca free, somewhat recurved. Lip pA to the lateral sepals but slightly wider and shorter, recurved near the 2 sile, without callosities at the base Col. umn long, but less than half as long as the lip. Anther didymous, extend ng beyond the ea or emarginate sti igma. pans sessile.—Five species in el erica. 1. M. lucayanus (Britton) Schlechter. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, glabrous, 2.5—11 on te, narrowed ao petiole- like bases: petals narrowly lin ne 4. pa mm. long, iae. mud lip lanceolate, faintly veined: ee about 2 ong: anther as wide leas x ET oval or obovoid, mm. long, ribbed. —Hammocks, Florida Kes . I.) —Wint.-spr. 25. STENORRHYNCHUS L. C. Rich. Caulescent highly colored succu- lent herbs. Leaves various, the basal with more or less elongate blades, early de- eaying, upper cauline leaves sheathing scales. Flowers in a conspicuous spike. Perianth reddish, yellowish, or white. Lat- | eral sepals narrow, decurrent together with the base of the lip as a spur adnate to the ypanthium. Petals shorter than the lat- eral sepals. Lip entire, scarcely as long as the lateral sepals, the blade lanceolate, the claw ciliate and with thickened mar- gins, destitute of callosities. Stigma-beak subulate.—About 25 species, natives of tropical and subtropical Ameri 1. S. orchioides L. C. Stem 3- dm. tall, stout: spike en UE add eral sepals linear-lanceolate, 20-27 m long: petals lanceolate, 15-20 mm. lor t slightly eurved: lip slightly shorter than the lateral à with a oo body and a stout claw with lateral ridges and cilia: capsule body 1-1.5 384 ORCHIDACEAE long. [Spiranthes jaliscana S. Wats.]—Hammocks, pen. Fla.—(W. I., Mez. C. A., S. A.) l 26. PELEXIA Poit. Caulescent herbs, with scape-like stems. Leaves various, the lower cauline with o es blades, the upper cauline i lowers ike. Perianth a" p se- gated, the upper part of the narrow blade erisped: callosities wanting.—4Abou 20 species, of tropical and subtropical America P. setacea Lindl. Plant 3-6 dm il blades of the lower cauline leaves oblong to elliptic, 4-10 cm. pe lateral ng, sepals linear-filiform E^ l7 mm pe exclusive of spur lip 3 0-37 m ong, the body nel elliptie or Bis ell tic with a Pc tip: eni 14—17 mm. jus —Hammocks, Everglade Keys, Fla.— (W. I., S. A.) —Wint.-spr. ERAMIUM Salisb. Caulescent herbs, with scape-like stems. Leaves narrow, Wiese near the base of the stem with dilated aan ae those higher up mere sheathing iin Flowers in a spike. anth white or pin Lateral sepals of an ovate type. Petals very Leen eae Lip ie sac- ike, 4. e. with a small blade and a large saccate base. Capsules erect. [Good- yera R. Br.]. ous 25 species, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions.—Sum. ANTAINS. LATTICE-LEAVES. Spike 1-sided : petals 3- Is 5m n long: lip-sac with a broad border. 1. P. ophioides. Spike cylindric: petals 4.5 5.5 i i 3. 4. mm. long: lip-sac with a narrow l 2. P. pubescens. 1. P. ophioides ra Rydb. . Plant 1-2.5 dm. tall: blades of the lower eauline leaves ovate to o ate, 1-2 em. long: lat a sepals a ing: petals shorter than the S erose, e: lip 4 mm. long, the edge even, the tip ae —Moist cool woods, e Ridge and more northern provinees, N. C. m peat a and Newf. mium ens (L 5 Salisb. in which the ab species was formerly included, an Old World plant. 2. P. Hearty (Willd.) MacM. Plant 2-5 long: lateral sepals about 5 mm, eae petals about as long as der se- 3 pals, not erose, obtuse: lip 4 mm. long, 2i the edge undulate, i tip aa or nearly so.—Woods, usually in dry soil, various provinces, Ala. to Minn., Newf., and N. C. ORCHIDACEAE 385 28. PHYSURUS L. : a“? Caulescent herbs, the stems d Lea with wide blades. Flower spike or spike-like raceme. Perianth Be or greenish. Tateral di xe dis broad, decurrent together i the base the lip as a spur partially adnate to the hypanthium. Petals mostly smaller nA sepals. Lip 3-lobed, the terminal lobe quite as large as the body of the lateral lobes, with a reflexed tip, the broad claw-like base forming part of the spur; eallosities wanting. Capsule spreading.—About 65 species, natives of tropical and subtropical regions. ' | Lateral sepals broadly linear: lateral lobes of the terminal lip-lobe ovate, directed 1. P. forward : leaf-blades acuminate. Sagraeanus. Lateral sepals ovate: lateral lobes of the terminal lip-lobe semi- orbicular, directed outward: leaf-blades acute. 2. P. querceticola. P. Sagraeanus A. Rich. Plant 2-4 dm. tall, the stem simple: leaf blades moe to ovate- pa pi the upper lateral: lip, with spur, about 6 mm. long, the middle lobe broadly cuneate at a ase when spread out: capsule 6.5-7 m long, rather po ribbed. R S pen. Fla.—(W. I.)—Fall-spr. 2. P. dapes Lindl. Plant 0.5-1.5 dm. tall, the m simple: leaf-blades ovate, an broadly so, the upper ones ong: ovate- s lanceolate, about 3 mni. long: pet- als very inequiiateral: lip, with spur, about 5 mm. long, the middle lobe a E I ea Bi ase when spread o sule ong, pr Eu ‘ribbed. —Low woods and hammocks, Coastal Plain, N on Fla. to La. and Tex.—Sum 29. TROPIDIA Lindl. Caulescent somewhat woody herbs with fibrous oots. Leaves with plieate blades ter- minating long sheathing bases. Panicle stalked. Perianth greenish-whit Lat- eral sepals nearly equilateral. ge somewhat smaller than the pd piod curve Lip shorter than tal with -a saccate base and a E curved blade. Capsule sprea out 5 species, widely wu in the tropies. 1. T. au E: (Sw.) O. Ames. Stem -5 al, branched: Qus ae elliptic “to elliptie-lanceola ate, lon ne, persisten aa eral a, linti arl 6T pias QUU Or rly so, ng: petals a S mm. long: lip 44.5 mm long, c a about the e: eapsule-body 9—14 mm. long. eae is oe Benth. ee Everglde eye Fla.—(W. I.)—Spr.- 386 ORCHIDACEAE 30. MALAXIS Soland. Scapose herbs, with corms. Leaves mainly elon- gate sheaths, the upper 1 or 2 bearing a dilated blade at the top. Flowers in a terminal raceme. Perianth white or greenish. Lateral sepals N inequi- a Lip broad, a cordate at the base, sometimes lobed at the apex. Capsule short. [Achro- anthes Raf.]—About 140 species of a geographic distribution.—Suni.—fall. —ADDERS-MOUTHS, Lip with basal auricles : lateral sepals obtus Lip with E lateral lobes projecting gd beyond the minute middle one: lateral sepals much shorter than the li 1. M. unifolia., Lip with 2 broadly rounded lateral lobes shorter than the middle one but broader: lateral sepal nearly as long as the lip. 2. M. spicata Lip without basal auricles: lateral sepals acuminate. 9. M. brachypoda. 1. M. unifolia Michx. Leaf usually solitary; blade elliptic, ovate or oval, 2-6 cm. long: scape 1-3 dm. tall: raceme stout: lateral sepals ovate or elliptic- reen, dle one: e sule 5-6 mm. long. [Microstylis ophio- dini dd Nutt. do uo woods, various provin Ga. , Man. and Newf. —( WI, Mex 2. M. spicata Sw. Leaves normally 2; blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, 3-10 cm. long: scape 1-3 dm. tall: raceme aad ish: ied sepals geile or nearly s about 3 mm. long, eae : lip brow hish green, abo ut 3.5 m jon ng, promine neni J at the ho. with a broad Pins ti n ut bg mm. lon g- A stylis “florid Chapm. Malaz s florida ana Small|—Low or wet de and stream- ba often in cci on. soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Va— (WV 1.) 3. M. e pea (A. Gray) Fernald. Leaf E blade elliptie to oval, 3-7 em. long: s 1-2 dm. tall: race Sa slen eral sepals lanceolate, abut p mm. long, acuminate: lip 2—2.5 m ing, "greenish-whit not. auricled at the base, with a reniform base and an acuminate tip: capsule 4-5 mm. long —Woods and swamps, various provinces, Tenn. to Tex., Minn., Que., EN Pa — (Eurasia.) 31. LIPARIS L. C. Rich. Scapose green herbs, with corms. Leaves 2 or more at the paso of the po with wide blades, accompanied by several seales. owers in a terminal me. Perianth greenish. Lateral sepals narrow, nearly db) Poss Tineas, elongate-linear or filiform, longer than the i d Lip free, dilated, undulate or erose, sometimes with tubercles at the base. Capsule erect. [Leptorchis Thouars.]—About 100 species, widely dis- me in temperate and tropical regions.— T wAYBLADES. Lip irse at the apex and abruptly pointed: petals narrowly linear to linear- Lip wo an undulate blade 2.5-3.5 mm. wide: petals narrowly linea 1. L. Loeselii. Lip w with an erose blade 12-13 mm. wide: petals linear-filiform. 2. L. DOR Lip cuneately dilated at the apex and notched : petals broadly linear. 3. L.e ORCHIDACEAE | 387 1. L. Loeselii (L.) L. C. Rich. Leaf-blades elliptic to elliptic- op ee 5-17 em. long: scape 0.5—2 dm. tall: lateral sepals lanceolate, about 4 m . lon ng: petals s 1. long: lip yellowish- green, about 4 mm. long, the blade subor- bicular, panel pointed: eapsule ellip- soid, et roeky soil, pra rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. Mo., Sask., Ont., and N. S.—Spr. 2. L. liliifolia (L.) L. C. Rich. Leaf- blades ovate to oval ‘or "elite. e 9—15 em. lon : e cuneate to subor bie ular, erose, abruptly pointed: Hs clavate- elipsoid, 12-18 mm. long.— (RUSSET-WITCH. )—Rocky woods and thickets, various provinces, Ga. to Ala., Mo., Minn. , and Me.—Spr.- 3. L. bns Lindl. Leaf-blades few, broad, elliptic, elliptic- aha 6-18 cm long: scape 15-43 cm. tall: lateral sepals ov ate-ova al, abou ue . lon ng: petals br ud linear, about 5.5 mm. long: lip dark-green or is ish, abou long, the blade broadly euneate, notched at the apex: nne clavate- ellipsoi or clavate- To 16-21 mm. long—Hammocks, S pen. Fla.—(W. I., C. A., S. A.)—AlIl yea 32. TIPULARIA Nutt. Caulescent herbs, with grouped corms. Leaf solitary, terminating the corm, decaying before the lateral scaly stem arises. owers numerous, in a terminal raceme. Perianth bro was Lateral sepals nearly equilateral. Petals shorter and narrower than the sepals. Lip free, with 2 broad basal lobes and a narrow terminal lobe, long-spurred. Capsule nodding.—Two species, the following and one in the Himalayas T. unifolia (Muhl. © i P ath: flower-sta Ik 3— 6 dm. tall: lo re flowered: lateral sepals broadly linear or elliptic-linear, 6-8 long: petals broadly linear: lip are 7 mm. long, the eae lobes broad, toothea, the terminal oo linear: spur slender: capsule 10-12 mm. long. [T. oid Nutt.]— (ELFIN-SPUR. CRANEFLY-ORCHID.)— Woods, shaded banks, and ham mocks, in acid soil, Coastal Plain and occasionally other p = to Tex., 3 Ind., N. Y., and N. J.—Sum.—The leaves last through the win 33. APLECTRUM Nutt. Caulescent herbs with a chain of corms. Lea solitary, terminating the corm, decaying before the lateral scaly stem arises. Flowers few in a terminal raceme. Perianth brownish-yellow, striped with purple. Lateral sepals narrow, slightly curved. Petals slightly longer than the als. Lip dilated, 3-lobed, 3-ridged above the claw, spurless. Capsule droop- ing.—One species. oe es Torr. Leaf au- late: lip he blad with 2 duum vs SR lobes and a suborbieular erenulate middle lobe: capsule 2-2.5 em. long.—(ADAM- AND- EvE. PUTTY-ROOT.)— Woods, various prov inces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Atk., Calif., Sask., Ont, and Vt.—Spr. 34. HEXALECTRIS Raf. Caulescent i: with. coral-like rootstocks. Leaves scale-like. Flowers in a terminal raceme. Perianth brownish-yellow an with light purple. Lateral sepals S dio than the median Petals eurved, longer than the lat- e sepals. Lip 3-lobed, with a crest of several ridges, spurless. Capsule drooping.—Two species, the following and one in Mexico. lH. ÉD pie pibus Stem 1-5 dm p me loosely- flowered poa is ate, 16- 20 mm. long: petals Pec o. lip 16-18 m mm. long, with a narrow base, 388 ORCHIDACEAE wide lateral lobes and a crisped mid- l 5i er provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ariz., Mo., Ind., and Md.—(AMfez.)—Sum.—The ae is devoid of roots and of SL E The pem and ae are brown 35. CORALLORRHIZA R. Br. Caulescent succulent e brownish Or reddish herbs, with coral-like root-stocks. Leaves reduced t e l ra Periant narrowed at the base. Lip ted, the blade undulate or lobed. Capsule nodding. ae ut 15 species, Ee distributed in wis north temperate zone.— CORAL-ROOTS. CORAL-ORCHIDS. Lip 3-lobed, the lateral lobes D or directed forward. Lip deeply 3-lobed : spur prominen 1. Lip shallowly 3- lobed : spur obsolete 2: Lip not Te ps DH n erose or eris Lip 4-8 mm. long, the blade obovate to suborbicula Lip long-clawed ME clawless, "the blade no tehed: column C.m C. Co rM broadly winged. 3. C. Wisteriana. Lip short-clawed or clawless, the blade short-tipped : - column ae 'rowly winged. 4. C. odontorrhiza. Lip 3-3.5 mm. long, the blade elliptic, obtuse. 5. C. micrantha. ORCHIDACEAE 389 . C. maculata Raf. Stem 2-5 dm. tall: raceme 5- 20 e m. long: lateral sepals linear to linear-oblong, 6-9 mm. long: petals elliptic to elliptic- spatulate: lip white with purple spots, 6-8 mm. long, the blade with 2 prominent lateral lobes and a suborbicular mid obe: cap 2—20 n C Itiflora Nutt — Woods, various od rarely Coastal Plain, Fla. to ex, Calif., B. C. Ont. and N ewf. um. 2. C. i ees area (L.) Karst. Stem 1-3 dm. tall: e 2-10 em. long: lateral SU linen Ps S DRE. -spatulate, 3-4 mm. long: aus ind spatulate: lip white, long, the blade with 2 shallow m E be Ta the e and an ovate middle lobe: capsule 8—10 mm. long. LC. innata R. Br.]— AW oods, Blue Ridge, to Md., and various provinces, Pa. to Wash., Alas, Ont, and Newf.— (Eurasia. prom C. Wisteriana Conrad. Stem 2-3.5 dm. tall: raceme 3-10 cm. long: lateral sepals linear to linear-lanceolate, 6-8 mm. long: petals site. spatulate: lip n with purple spots, 8-10 mm. long, the blade broadly oval to broadly obo- vate, notched at the apex: capsule 9-11 mm. long.—Rie Pipe various prov- inees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ind., and Pa. (or Mass.?).—Wint 4. C. odontorrhiza el. ie Ros 1-3 dm. tall: raceme 4—10 em. long: lateral eee e or nea — mm. long: lip white with purple i. 4—4.5 long, t pon ‘uuborbicular, with erose-crisped margins and an . igi pum tip: ene m m. long.—Woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mich., and Me.—Spr.- . C. micrantha s Stem 8-15 em. tall: raeeme 2—4 em. lon ng: iouis sepals broadly linear to linear- est ae -9 mm. long: lip whitish, 3-3.5 m E the blade elliptie , with erose sides and a roun ed apex: capsule 6-7 mm. ong.—Woods, Coastal Plain, N Fla. and Ga.—Sum.—fall. 36. PLEUROTHALLIS R. Br. Epiphytie herbs. Leaves usually soli- ary: blades thick. Flowers in gil spike-like racemes, or in clusters Perianth usually pale, often white green. Sepals converging or nearly oor o or the lateral ones partly united. et als mostly shorter than the sepals. Lip ins st smaller than the petals. lu short. Capsule erect or nodding hircus 400 species of tropical America. . gelida Lindl. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: ead blade a e to * diliptie- qu. lat —16 pd ng: oe stalks 1-3, ud fro om t ur xil of a braet, 1-2 em long: drea yellowish: i sepals nearly line 5-5.5 long: petals broadened a rd, 35-4 m mm. long: lip about 2 mm. long: capsule short- stalked, the body ellipsoid, 9-11 mm. long .—Hammocks, Sw. pen. Fla.—(IV. I.) 390 ORCHIDACEAE 37. SPATHIGER Small. Epiphytie herbs with stiff, creeping stems and branehes. Leaves mostly ascending or spreading, with rather narrow blades, and sheathing bases. Flowers in the axils of clasping bracts. Perianth small and inconspicuous. Lateral sepals broad, often wider than the median one. Petals rather broad, scarcely dilated upward. Lip concave; blade ovate, sub- orbicular, or reniform olumn short, ad adnate to the lip. Capsule ereet. —About 10 species, of tropical Ameri subtended by the bract. Spike with the bracts separated: lip rounded at the apex: capsule ovoid, Er E 1. S. rigidus Spike with the bracts imbricate : lip acute or acuminate: cap- sule globose-ovoid, short-beaked, invested by the bract. 2. S. strobiliferus. 1. S. rigidus (Jaeq.) Small. Plant with creeping stem and branches 1-5 long: leaf-blades elliptic, sometimes narrowly so, 4—8 em. long: perianth green- j ate or elliptic-ovate, -7 m ng: petals broadly linear to elliptic spatulate: lip ps ; blade 2-3 long, triangular-reniform to subor- bicular, bearing callos ities near the base: capsule 15-18 mm. long. [Epidendrum E Jaeq.]—Hammocks, S pen. Fla. — “Mex, C. d., S. 4.) —Bpr. 2. S. pedis PaT f.) Sm Plant with cree and br c 0.5-3 dm. long: E: af- blades elliptic n id linear or ~ earned 1-2. ar ng: anth inly solls lat "n eepal obliquely | ae: to obliquely. Bod 3-4.5 long: A 80 ns ast icted near the base: lip white or whitish; blade 2-3 mm. long, ovate-cordate, unap- pendaged: capsule 5-7 mm. long. LEpidendrum S 10 Reichenb. f.l— Hammocks, S pen. Fla.—( W. I., C. A., S. 4.) —Spr. 38. AMPHIGLOTTIS Salisb. SU pk herbs with erect or ee often tufted, stems. Leaves ascending or spreading, with broad or na blades, and sheathing bases, Bs lower portion of P» stem often merely E and sometimes thickened after the manner of an elongate pseudobulb. ers in a terminal open or contracted raceme or ns usually long- uera Perianth rather large, often showy. Lateral sepals obtuse, acute, or attenuate, often elongate. Petals spa cua or slender and attenuate. Lip relatively large, entire or fimbriate, the middle lobe wanting, minute or elongate. Col- mn elongate, wholly adnate je the lip-base. Capsule drooping.—About 80 species of tropical America. Lip with 2 spreading lateral lobes and a broad middle lobe. Blade of the T about as broad as long, the middle lobe about as large as the lateral o . Sepals Hob "ribbed, the lateral ones spatulate: lip with 2 appendages at the base: column slender 1 Sepals ribbed, the lateral ones falcate- Oae: lip unap- endaged : column stou 2 Blade of e lip much e oa long, the middle lobe much m . smaller than the lateral one 3. A. difformis. Lip with 2 lateral lobes directed forward and a slender elon- gate middle lobe. 4 . A. conopsea. . A. anceps. . A. nocturna. ORCHIDACEAE 391 A. conopsea (Ait.) Small. Plant 0.5-2 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong to elliptic- -lanceolate, 3-8 em. long: pea stalk slender: flowers fragrant: perianth green and often purple- tinged: lateral sepa = spatulate, 8— x m. Jong: pet a near-spa late, 8-10 m e ng: lip g blade 5-6 mm. long, with 2 broad Ton mes and a slightly narrower -—— lobe: Praes id 15-20 mm. long. iden seum Ait.]— (GREEN- Un OR il Ha m mocks and river ped mostly on live-oaks and magnolias, or rarely on rocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. AN ae tie 2. (Jaeq. i Britton. Plant 1.5 dm tall: de M mainly elliptie to elliptic- —18 em. lon E perianth greenish or purple-green: lat- ral dise Cue obligue o a ely trune s apex, 6-7 mm. long: petals spatulate, often broadly so, 5.5-6.5 c ^i eh ostly green; bl "a 5-6 mm. long, with 2 broad rounded lateral bes and a middle notched lobe: capsule- -a 13-15 mm. one [Epidendrum anceps Jaeq.]—Hammocks, S pen. Fla.—(W. I.)—AMW y 3. A. difformis (J pe p Plant 1—3.5 dm. tall: i. porn d or nearly so, 4—8 em anth green: lateral sepals m oblique, sometimes broadly he. ies , 12-15 mm. E blag e i 8 mm. ong, iform t bieular-reniform, with broad rounded lateral lobes and ] nd a short notched middle lobe: capsule-body 13-16 mm. long.. [Epidendrum difforme Jacq. E. umbellatum Sw.]—Hammoeks, S pen. Fla.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)—Sum.—fall A. nocturna (L.) Britton. Plant 3-11 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptie to broadly ee 8-16 2 . long: per id showy: lateral sepals linear-attenuate, 40—60 mm. long, green: petals than the sepals: lip white; blade with 2 ovate or elliptic- bore ateral [rn di reeted forward and a linear-setaceous nd lobe 35-50 mm. long: eapsule-body 3—5 em. Sous [Epidendrum noc- m L.]—Ham mocks, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I. Mex., C. A., id. )—Sum.—fall —The flowers are fragrant, especially at night. 39. ENCYCLIA Hook. Epiphytic herbs with terete pseudobulbs which bear several erect or arching elongate leaves and a scaly elongate branched flowering stem at the apex. Flowers nodding, subtended by ete bracts. Perianth often conspicuous. eral a pe broad, usually about as iie he Petals usually of a uada Sag E o lateral ones. Column slightly adnate to the lip. Capsule drooping, ribbed.—About 75 species, of tropical and subtropical America. . tampensis (Lindl.) Small. Plant 1.5- , 8-2 ically br Bo Mem sepa 17 20 m long, slightly broadened upward, green, tinged wi h brown: petals spatulate, deeper brown-shaded than the sepala: lip white, Au 3 putpie or magenta spots; 392 ORCHIDACEAE blade 15-17 mm. long, the lateral lobes oblong-lanceolate, the middle lobe orbicu- lar or reniform-orbieular: capsule-body 25-30 mm. lon zd LECA tampense Lindl]—Hammocks, pen. Fla. and (lio Ke Mar E 40. EPICLADIUM Small. Epiphytic herbs with short flattened pseudo- bulbs which bear several short erect leaves and a relatively a mostly simple flowering stem which is subtended by a long foliaceous spat Flowers erect or ascending, subtended by minute bracts. Perianth small, bat asi y. Lateral he the blade usually rhombic. Column partly adnate to the lip. Capsule nodding, winged.—One species. 1. E. Boothianum (Lindl.) Small. Plant 1-2 dm. tal, with flattened subor- bicular pseudobulbs: leaf-blades spatu- ate, 6-12 cm. long: flower-stem simple: lateral sepals 11-13 mm. long, elliptic or slightly broadened upward: petals broadly spatulate, brown- spotted po the sepals: lip yellow or ma blade rhombic, 4-6 mm. long, the pou lateral lobes spreading; capsule-body 5-30 mm. long. D ndrum Boothianum Lindl.]—Hammocks, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I 1. ANACHEILIUM Hoffmg. Epiphytic herbs with elongate flattened ive which bear several elongate erect leaves and a simple flowering pex. Flowers nodding, subtended by often lanceolate bracts. E be wsuslly E Latera sepals narrow and elongate, usually attenu- ate, resembling t Pet- als us ually slightly pomi pum the cave and cl —' like, entire. Column partly adnate to the lip. — droop- ing, wing-angled.—One spec 1. A. cochleatum (L.) Hoffmg. Plant 2-5 dm. fre ri phum linear or nearly so, 1.5 flower-stem simple: m sce 25-80 s long. p e and nuate: lip rown urplish ; blade pce -reni- form, 16-80 mm. on ng, E eed -30 lon ng. B [Epidendrum | cochleatum L.]—(Or LAMSHELL- koe )—Hammocks, pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.)—Fall-spr. or all yea —In the Florida plant the eolumn bears three anthers instead of dd as found in the West Indian plant. It has been named A. cochleatum triandr 42. HOR Lindl. Epiphytie herbs with creeping stems. Leaves spreading, the blades relatively narrow. Flowers in terminal clusters which are subtended by an involucre of leaf-like bracts. Perianth inconspicuous. ORCHIDACEAE 393 Lateral sepals mostly narrow and shorter than the median one. Petals much smaller than the sepals. Lip relatively small, with 2 large lateral lobes and a very sma - dle lobe. da nodding.—Seven species, in tropical Amer . pygmaeum (Hook.) Benth. & Hook. Stems scaly with old leaf-bases: leaf-blades elliptic or nearly so, 2.5—7.5 em. long: perianth, except the lip, green: sepals acuminate, the lateral ones 5— li with rose, the lateral lobes ovate or oval: capsule- body 12-15 mm. long, winged. [H. tripterum (Brongn.) Cong. Eo e S pen. Fla.— (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 3. BASIPHYLLAEA Schlechter. Caulescent herbs, with clustered fleshy tubers. Leaves various, the basal ones with firm narrow plicate blades, the cauline mere A e scales. Flowers erect, several, ipid to scale-like bracts. Peria mainly rose-purple. Sepals nearly equal, r than the petals. ci phos narrower than the sepals. Lip short, E slightly Capsule erect. [Carteria Small, not Franzé]— ‘Two species in Florida and the West Indies. 1. B. corallicola (Small) Ames. Stem 2—3.5 dm tall: basal leaves 2-7 em. long; blades oe linear, narrowed at both ends: flow ro sepals linear-lanceolate to broadiy linear, -7.5 mm. long: lip oval to orbicular-oval, 6— aJ m. long, h middle lobe much larg han the lateral pas Cona t seen mature. al- licola Smal 1) Rocky Pinelands, Everglade Keys, Tle —(W. I)—Wi nt.—Although the plants are apparently pouce they bloom only at intervals of several y 44. POLYSTACHYA Hook. Epiphytie herbs. Leaves several, approxi- mate at the base of the flower-stalk. Flowers in a terminal panicle. Perianth mainly yellow. Lateral sepals broad, adnate to the long column-foot. Petals narrow. Lip di- lated, 3-lobed, jointed to the column-foot, folded up against the edges of the lateral sepals. Cap- sule nodding.—About 170 species, mostly of tropical regions. 1. P. minuta (Aubl.) Britton. Stem 1-6 dm ca blades of X lower reps leaves elliptic 394 ORCHIDACEAE Hammocks, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., Mex. C. A., S. A.)—Al 45. BLETIA R. & P. Caulescent herbs with corms. Leaves several from the top of ae corm, mostly atte until after the lateral flower-stem arises. Flowers in a terminal raceme with minute bracts. Perianth mainly pink or purplish. id pons slightly inequilat- eral. Petals quite similar to the lateral se- pals. Lip wide, crested, 3-lobed, the middle | lobe crisped. Capsule mostly ereet.—About “æ MGA S 05 45 species, mostly of tropical America. 1. B. purpurea (Lam.) DC. Leaf-blades e d Mese to linear-elliptie, 1.5-3. An «i, oy long, attenuate: flower-stalk 3-11 dm . tall: E lateral sepals elliptie-ovate : — elliptic, XE 1-16 mm. long, abruptly acuminate: pet 5 a or ee oval, barely as long as the sepals (3 lobes and a erisped and create mid lobe: capsule 34 e long. LB. VT R. Br.]—Pinelands, pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., C. A.)—A1l year. An epiphytic form E on the bases of cypress trunks, EA and ‘‘knees’’ in the Big Cypress Swamp, has ap- p T eleistogamous flowers with the lip nearly pond a the two lateral pet 46. CYRTOPODIUM R. Br. Epiphytie herbs. Leaves borne on a short club-like pseudobulb, from the base of which arises the lateral flower-stalk. owers in a terminal panicle. Perianth oid brown or yellowish. Lateral dS aute broad. Petals longer than sepals. Lip wider than long, the lateral e larger than the middle one, the claw jointed to the slender column-foot. Capsule oe —Three species, natives of tropical Ameri 1. C. punctatum (L.) Lindl. Pseudobulbs 1.5— 4 dm. long: leaf- 2 broadly Wide 3-7 dm. lon ng: flower-stalks 8-15 dm. long: per anth SEIL pb brown spotted: jen sepals oval or dL : petals. 4 mm. wide, the middle lobe o with a rgin, T : am- mocks, S pen. Fla. ape the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. 7 S. A.)—Spr.—In mas- siveness second only to Oncidiwm e wm. Plants with as many as 200 pseudobulbs have jo found. Specimens are a on sand-dunes and kitehen-middens half way up the m eoast of Fla. 47. TRIORCHOS Small & Nash. Caulescent herbs with corms. Leaves several, arising from the corm before the lateral flower-stalk. Flowers in a erminal raceme with elongate bracts. Perianth mainly brown. Lateral sepals curved, slightly adnate to the column-foot. Petals nearly equilateral, shorter ORCHIDACEAE 395 than the lateral sepals. Lip fully as wide as long, crestless, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes spreading. Capsule erect.— Only the fol- lowi Pe wing species 1. T. ecristatus (Fernald) Small. Leaf- blades . lon linear to narrowly linear-elliptie, dm flower-stalk virgate, 4—21 dm. tall: Jaieral sepa elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 9— ong: petals usually nee -lanceolate, 7-8 1 mm. de lip 7-8 mm , the d à lobe pus pud than the hos lobes: c apsul t2c long. [Cyrt opodium Wobdfordii- uin FL) C. ecristatum Fer soar aaa and scrub, pen. Fla.—(W. I. = —Sum 48. PLATYPUS Small & Nash. Cauleseent herbs with corms. Leaves several from the top of oad corm, persisting until the lateral flower-stalk arises. Flowers in a terminal raceme with small bracts. Perianth mainly brown and purple. Lateral sepals bns dilated upward, broader than the median one, decurrent to the base of the forked column-foot. Petals shorter than the lateral sepals, less decurrent. Lip con- cave at the base, papillose-crested, shallowly | oping apsule mostly drooping.—One sp 1. P. altus (L.) Small. Leaf-blades narrowly linear-elliptie to almost linear, 2-8 dm. long: e —19 boo Mem T Tiptie r nearly s 14-16 ong: cod than the lateral nhe "lip 16-18 m eir middle lobe 8-10 mm. wide, Papillon. crested: . lon diia -ellipsoid, 3-4 em. long. [P. papilliferu Small & Nash ]—Moist sand e rich soil, Do qns E ^ Everglades and Big econ BE Fla.—(W. I., C. A., S. A —Fa 49. MACRADENIA R. Br. Epiphytie caulescent herbs, with pseudo- bulbs. Leaves terminating the pseudobulb from the base of which arises the w mainly yellowish or salmon-colored. edian sepal boat-shaped. Lateral sepals slightly in- equilateral. Petals nearly like the lateral sepals, slightly smaller. Lip sessile, with 2 broad basal lobes and 1 narrow middle lobe.—Five species, of tropieal Ameriea. MILLE 1. M. lutescens R. Br. Pseudob Me pid ous n linear to Alipte linear f^ Ps Ene: flower-stalk mostly sorter Ld Wr han o lea D ind pur np dro UY a piis voltiptic. -lanceolate, 8—9. lip 8-10 mm. long, the lateral "obes us gi N body terminated with 396 ORCHIDACEAE e. linear-lanceolate middle lobe: capsule- Pu UR. 2-2.5 em. mmocks, Everglade Keys, Fla —(W. I., S. A.) —Wint.—Mo s aiu m in Royal Pa Im Hammock; it also occurs in neighboring E. 50. IONOPSIS H. B. K. Epiphytie caulescent herbs. Leaves approxi- mate at the base of the terminal flower-stalk. Flowers in a terminal paniele. Perianth mainly white, pink, or lavender. Lat- eral sepals united at ne base and produced into a short spur. Petals larger than the lateral sepals. Lip ius large, with " small Jateral $ lobes and a dilated notehed middle lobe with 2 tubercles at its base. us drooping.—Nine species, of tropical Americ I. utricularioides Lindl. Plant 1.5-6 dm A owered: lateral sepals lanceolate, 5-6 |j m. long: petals elliptic, 6-7 mm. long: lip 11- | 13 mm. long, the middle lobe fey as wide: capsule 2-3 em. long, beaked.—Hammocks, pen. Fla—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) —Spr.—Restrieted mostly to low ham- mocks in the Big er Swamp. The perianth is typically lilac; but white orms sometimes 0 51. BRASSIA Lindl. Epiphytie caulescent herbs with flat pseudobulbs which arise from several imbricate scales. Leaves terminating the pseudo- bulbs from the base of which arise ascending or assurgent flower-stalks. Flow- ers in lax raceme-like spikes. Perianth large and showy, the yellow parts more or less mottled. Lateral sepals greatly elongate, caudate-acuminate, nearly ada. bes Mar r than the median one. Petals nearly similar to the sepals o and d wider. Lip much shorter than - sepals, Ww ae a pnl) alie body a ow tip. Columns very short. Capsule pc Me the body 3-sided, 3-ribbed, beaked.— out 30 species, natives of tropieal America. 1. B.caudata (L.) Lindl. Plant owed 2 the pseudobulbs d b laneeolate, mostly em. long: leaves 2 rer blades broadly linear to m -spatult 2—4 . long: spike lax, the flow "the pos light- yellow spotted with i SHE sepals 6—14 cm. long, eaudate-attenuate from a lanceolate base: petals lanceolate, acuminate: lip 2.5-3 em. lon ng acumi- nate at the tip, sessile: capsule 5. 5-8 e . long, the body se Eor or nne “ellipsoid, with a a stipe-like base and a shor 2 nd stouter beak.—( SPIDER- -ORCHID.)—Hammocks, Everglade Keys, Fla (Wee ., Mex "C. A ps us —Spr.—Rare in a fey SEU mmo ocks on the Biscayne pineland ‘and Long Key pineland; often growing "with pur ccm which it resembles in habit. . ONCIDIUM Sw. Epiphytie or sometimes terrestrial herbs, with pseudobulbs. Leaves with broad or narrow and elongate blades, terminating ORCHIDACEAE) 397 the pseudobulb, from the base of which arises the flower-stalk. Flowers in a raceme or panicle. Perianth mostly showy, the parts often mottled. Lateral adin sepals slightly inequilateral, reflexed or spreading. Petals often quite similar to the sepals. Lip crested, clawless or short-clawed, 3-lobed, the middle lobe larger than the lateral ones. Capsule nodding.—Fully 400 species, natives of tropical and subtropical i —Spr. Leaf-blades flat or nearly so, the faces not united: lateral sepals separate. I. UNDULATA. Leaf-blades equitant, the faces united : lateral sepals coherent. II. VARIEGATA. I. UNDULATA AER short and wide, thick-coriaceous and stiff: sepals i B obtuse or notched: pseudo bulbs very small Or E SO Median Ped cuneate : lateral lobes of the lip knob-like. 1. O. undulatum. Median sepal with a reniform, orbicular, or ovate blade: lateral lobes of the lip broad and flat. sa Daae greatly elongate, thin. -coriaceous and pliable: . sepals and petals acute or acuminate: a large. 3. O. floridanum. to . O. carthaginense. II. VARIEGATA Tufted plant with curved keeled leaves a a slender flower- stalk. 4. O. variegatum. 1. O. undulatum E Salisb. oe 1-2 em. long: leaf-blades Rd o 25-60 em. long: flower-stalk 110—220 em. long: perianth mainly range mottled with bp MAN eer sepals b ov 0 va the b pus obovate to cuneate: lip 18— wide sule-body 5- long, ellipsoid or ecl pe LO. guttatum Reichenb. P wd Ani — (W. I., Mez., C. A., the sepals, the blade ias lip fully 11-12 m. long, the jar pe lobe mostly 7-9 mm. wide: MuR UE ns lo ee vied -EAGLE ORCHID.)—Hammocks, Cape Sable region, Fla (v. T , Mez., C. A., S. A.) 3. O. floridanum Ames. Pseudobulbs ovoid, 8-12 em. long: leaf-blades linear, 25—110 em. long: flower-stalk 85—210 E AE perianth mainly yellow mottled wn: lateral sepals 15-16 mm. long, the blades elliptie-lanceolate: 12: iar lip 13-1 mm. long, the middle lobe 11-13 mm. wide: eapsule-body 2-3 em. long, ellip- soid. [O. sphacelatum SE. U. S.]—Hammocks and ra pinelands, Everglade Keys and Cape Sable r region, Fla.—(W. I., Mea. Pu S. re Typically an epiphytic mete plant. R arely a terrestrial i in pine ands on are where at no remote date hammocks cee The hammock plants ns Media larger leaves, but the uc. from the two habitats are identical in structure. 4. O. variegatum (Sw.) Willd. Pseudobulb minute or slender: leaf-blades curved, 3—7 em. long, 2-keeled above: flower-stalk 9-35 em. long: peri d mainly white and greenish marked with purple and brown: lateral sepa di mm. UE the blades spatulate; petals about 8 mm. long, the blades Ru or orbieular-obovate: lip 10-12 mm. long, the middle lobe 15-21 mm. wide: UR body ellipsoid, 7 5-2 em. long Mur un S pen. Fla.—(W. I.) 398 ORCHIDACEAE 53. HARRISELLA Fawcett & Rendle. Epiphytic herbs consisting chiefly of roots. Leaves minute scales or obsolete. Flowers borne in lax slender als narrower and rather longer than the lateral sepals. Lip sessile at the base of the column, with a globular spur. Capsule stipitate. — Four species, natives of tropical America. 1. H. d ea qd f.) Fawcett & Rendle. Roots matted t 1 mm. thick: flower-stalk very slender, Ae ae Hes o and inconspicu- ous: peria anth yellowish-green: lateral sepals ovate, about 2.5 mm. long: blade of the lip Fi or rbicular when flattened m eapsule-body ova 4.5-6 mm. long. [Harrisella Amesiana Gong. —Hammocks and pee che en. (W. I., Mez., C. A.)—Spr. —Often on ine trunk of conifers, Sabina and Taz- odium, 'as well as on various angiospermous 54. CAMPYLOCENTRUM Benth. Epiphytie herbs consisting chiefly of roots. Leaves with thick blades or mere minute scales. Flowers borne in a stiff spike. Perianth minute or inconspicuous.. Lip partially adnate to the column-foot, usually saecate at the base. Capsule sessile.—A bout 20 species, natives of tropical America. 1. C. pd Aider f.) Rolfe. Roots several m k: flower-stalk in dod piss uous: per abo elliptie- lanceolate when flattened out: caps ellipsoid, a m. long.—Hammocks, SW Fla. —(W. d "i )—$pr. —Usually on dis Dopod trees. 55. POLYRRHIZA Pftz. Epiphytie herbs with clusters of roots. Leaves scale-like or obsolete. Flowers solitary or few terminating the short scape. Perianth showy, often white. Lateral sepals urv Lip sessile, 3-lobed, the middle lobe again 3- lobed, the lateral lobes angular: spur elongate. Capsule linear-cylindrie.—Four species, wholly West Indian, except the following. 1. P. Lindenii .(Lindl.) Cong. Stem 4-1 long, scaly: perianth conspicuous: itera sepals li 1 at late spreading segments 5-10 em. RUE ; : ur 15 ¢ o linea 5-8 em. lo ong, bed. [De EA E ula a Benth .]—CW He BUTTERFLY-ORCHID. PALM-POLLY.)—-On tree- ub. S pen. Fla.—(W. I.)—Spr.—Restricted out SAURURACEAE 399 to the Big Cypress Swamp. Most aap eee in the royal-palm hammocks where it occurs on oe rough-barked trees, well as on the trunks of the royal- palms. The e a see flattened worm- Tike Mens are supplied with chlorophyll and function as lea A species of the genus Lepanthes has recently been found growing o trees in the Big Cy ypress Swamp. This genus is related to Pleurothallis, but differs in the perianth in which B Rn of the n and lip are adnate to ne base of the column. The pla mall, 3-5 cm. tall, cespitose, the stem pubescent, al with Ede -like, ciliate shea ths and o ne leaf: leaf- blade elliptic to oval, 1.5-2 cm. long, with a callous margin and a minute callous tip. SUBCLASS 2. DICOTYLEDONES — DICOTYLES tems exogenous, consisting of pith, wood, and bark (endog- enous in rare cases): pith of parenchymatous cells: wood in one or several layers surrounding the pith, traversed by medullary rays: bark covering the wood. Leaves various: blades mostly pinnately or palmately veined, their bases, or the bases of the petioles articu- lated. Perianth and essential parts of the flower rarely in threes or sixes. Embryo with two cotyledons. The first leaves (coty- ledons) are opposite. SERIES 1. CHORIPETALAE Petals a distinct from each other, or wanting. The series embraees most the families formerly included in the APETALAE and the Pa ORDER PIPERALES — PIPERAL ORDER s of wet or moist places, or hammocks, usually with rootstocks, or shrubs or trees. Leaves with simple blades. Flowers perfect or uni- sexual. Perianth wanting. Androecium of several stamens. Gynoe of 1, or of'several distinct or united earpels. Fruit baccate, drupaceous, capsular, or nut-like. | Carpels distinct or nearly so, 3-4: ovules 2-8 in each cavity. Fam. 1. SAURURACEAE. Carpels united to form a single pistil: ovule 1 in each cavity. Fam. 2. PIPERACEAE. FAwmiLYy 1. SAURURACEAE — LIZARD’S-TAIL FAMILY Perennial herbs with rootstocks. e pud Ro basal. Flowers spieate or racemose. Androec of 3-8 s ns. ynoecium r 4 distinct or nearly distinct Porn Stirmas simple. Fruit capsular —Three genera and 4 species, natives of North America and Asi 1. SAURURUS L. Aquatic or marsh herbs. Leaf-blades sea gs branous, cordate. Raceme with a drooping tip, the bractlets adna e pedicels or ovaries. Pistils 3 or 4. Mature ids veiny, opening uon —Two species, the following and one in Asia. 400 PIPERACEAE 1. S. cernuus L. Stems 3-12 dm. tall: leaf- the base, 8-15 em. , acuminate, petioled racemes 1-2 dm. long: filame elavate, mm. long: fruit depressed, the earpels about 2 mm. high—(Li ARD'S- TAIL.)—Swamps, wet woods, streams, and cng various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and R. I.— — Spr. —Sum.—The in- orescence is white or creamy- -whit he flowe re fr en nt. The rootstocks are very onus Famity 2. PIPERACEAE — Psprrr FAMILY rbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades mostly fleshy or leathery. nd 3 or rarely more united carpels, the ovary l-celled. Fruit Aa iaa E About 6 genera we over 1000 species, mostly in the tropies Flowers and p (bracts) separated on the rachis: berries distant, beakle 1. MICBOPIPER. Flowers and scales (bracts) contiguous on the rachis: berries crowded into a solid mass on the rachis, beaked. 2. RYNCHOPHORUM. 1. MICROPIPER Miq. E sueculents with annual erect stems from horizontal stoloniferous o ae mostly opposite, deciduous: blades soft-fleshy and rather thin, Su cues Spikes loosely-flowered. Rachis not honeycombed. Flowers i fruits ie on the rachis. Ovary rounded at the apex, topped by the tufted stigma. Bracts peltate, scale-like. Stamens 2. Berry beakless, not immersed in the rachis, very viscid—About 60 species, mostly in tropical regions.—WILD-PEPPERS. PEPEROMIAS.—The inflorescence is green. Blades of the upper leaves oval, varying to ovate, or obovate: bractlets crenulate. 1. M. leptostachyon. Blades of the upper leaves elliptic, varying to elliptic-ovate or elliptic-obovate : bractlets even-edged. 2. M. humile. 1. M. R (Nuit.) Small. Terrestrial, the stems mostly 1- e tall: blades of the lower irum leaves obdeltoid to broadly cuneate, 3-6 . long, founded truneate, or emarginate, shini ing above: spikes about 1 mm. thick, mostly 2-8 cm. long: bracts fully 0.5 m long: berry obovoid. [Piper leptostachyon Nutt. Peperomia leptostachya Chapm. cumaulicola | Small]-— Moe cam _and aboriginal village ast ud i rn Va ‘along m ‘Withinoochee Riv Fla.—Wint.—Abundant only o well "drained shell mounds oad die non on a light hum 2. M. humile (Vahl) Small. Terrestrial, the stems mostly 2-7 dm. tall: blad of the lower eauline leaves ee varying to broader above the middle or below it, or individually pan aie 1-5 e "long, rounded, PIPERACEAE 401 obtuse, or aeutish, dull d e: spikes about 2 mm. thick, mostly 5-12 em. long: braets less than 1 mm. long: berrry in uh ovoi [Pe peromia humilis Vahl|—Hammoeks, pen. Fla. —(W. I)— —Win hrives s equally well in the marl of the Cape Sable region whieh is PC i ut half of each year and on the a dunes of the eastern coast which are dry except for the rain that falls ther 2. RHYNCHOPHORUM (Miq.) e Coriaceous perennials with diffusely creeping stems, sometimes vine Leaves alternate, persistent: blades firm-succulent and thick, glabrous. ae closely and densely-flowered. Rachis honeyeombed. Flowers and fruits partly imbedded in deep pits of the rachis. Bracts peltate. Stamens 2. Ovary narrowed at the apex, terminated by a lon "d beak bog has a minute stigma near its base. Berry beaked, art rachis, not viscid or us slightly so.—About 60 Species, Ud. Pea in the tropics.—PEPEROMIAS.—The inflorescence is green. Leaf-blades obovate, varying to oval, ovate, or suborbicular, or cuneate-obovate : spikes stout, stiffly erect, mostly simple: berry with a body of a cylindric type. I. OBTUSIFOLIA. Leaf-blades m cuneate to spatulate: spikes slender, nod- x mostly nched: berry with a body of an ovoid or an zal type. II. SPATHULIFOLIA. I. OBTUSIFOLIA Mn E d cuneate-obovate, clus about 1 dm. lon 1. R. obtusifolium. Leaf-blades b picativ oval to suborbicular, varying es pees above the middle or below it, less than 1 dm. lon 2. R. floridanum. PATHULIF Terrestrial humus- herbs with cuneate to mines Taide and branching nodding pale spikes. 3. R. spathulifolium. 1. R. obtusifolium (L.) Smal. Epiphytie, the stems very stout, the branches often elongate and vine-like: leaf-blades spatulate-obovate or broadly cuneate, tapering to the long petiole-like base, 9—15 em. long; inflorescence rather long-stalked, i i 12 em. A. Dietr.]]—Low hammocks, on tr Merian or ee logs, Cape Sable t ue Romano Regions, Fla. — (W. I.) — — The larges PERO most robust Pi ve pons Plants Bom se aromatic in drying. Oc- urs only in the marl r egions, and grows ieee only in low ne that are flooded part of each yea 2. R. floridanum Small. Epiphytie, the stems stout, the branches ofte matted, elongate, sometimes vine-like: le d blades ovate to su uborbiewlar, broadest above the middle or below it, 4-9 c m. long, abruptly or rather gra ally narrowed to the petiole-like pos infloresce ence with a short pen t Sc ps usually a single denti erect stout gees less than 1 dm. d the rachis mm. thick or less: berry cylindric-ovoid or cylindric, about 1 mm. long, the beak slightly shorter than the body, hooked. [Peperomia nagna roto 26 402 CASUARINACEAE (Chapm. Fl) P. floridana Small]—High limestone sae cks, on tree-trunks and rotten logs, S pen. Fla., and the Keys.—All yea —Like the preceding somewhat aromatie in dim Occurs only in the oGlitie limestone region, and grows luxuriantly only in the dry hammocks. 3. R. spathulifolium Small. Terrestrial, ce a in humus, the stems rather stout, the br e elongate, often 1-2 long, creeping and as- uidi ent: leaf- blades narrowly cuneate to D. 6—11 cm. long, petes gre n inflorescence with a slender, 2. ipd dt spikes slender, 1-2 dm. long, 2-5 oe nodding, t ge les n 2-5 mm. thiek: berry et the body ovoid or oval, nea m] c ‘the beak strongly ail or hooked. (Peperomia spathulifolia Small] — Hamm mocks, in humu stone, Everglade Keys, Fla—(W. I.)—All year.—Our rarest species aa p plants most i08 in drying. OrpER CASUARINALES — CASUARINAL ORDER Shrubs or trees, with loosely jointed branches, resembling stems of Leaves seale-like, whorled at the nodes and decurrent on the internodes. Flowers monoecious, the staminate in slender terminal spikes with imbricate bracts, often with a posterior and anterior perianth- member, and 1 stamen. Pistillate flowers in dense cones or spikes, the perianth wanting. Ovary l-eelled. Style-branches slender. Fruit an aggregate of winged achenes. FAMILY 1. CASUARINACHAE — BEEFwoop FAMILY tems with more or less whorled branches. Staminate spikes long- stalked. Pistilate spikes short-stalked. Gynoecium 2-carpellary. —The following is the only genus; the 25 species are most abundant in Austral- asia. 1. CASUARINA Adans. Stem clothed with a smooth or smoothish bark, except when very old. Stamens with long filaments and short anthers. Stigmas elongate. Fruiting spike compact. equisetifolia a pd often 10 m. tall, with many slender branches leaves (scales) 1-3 m ong, 6-8 in each whorl: staminate spikes 1-4 em. long: p EE spikes globular , be- i " 2 em. in diameter in fruit: seed- wing nearly thriee as long as the bo (BEEFWOOD. AUSTRALIAN-PINE. HORSETAIL- TREE. )—S shore ipo ev glades and hammocks, Fla., par- ticularly S of Miami, and the cum Nat. of Oeeaniea.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., 8.-A.)— Established in quite “out of the way p through the agencies of wind and w The wind blowing through the numerous rushing e chlet roduces sound as in the case of the pine. The tree grows rapidly, but produces a very hard ood. JUGLANDACEAE 403 ORDER JUGLANDALES — JUGLANDAL ORDER Trees. Leaves alternate: blades pinnate. Flowers monoecious, the staminate in lateral aments on the twigs of the preceding year, with a 2-6 lobed calyx bearing several rows of stamens, or the calyx obsolete. Pistillate flowers terminal, consisting of an involucrate 2—4-carpellary gynoecium: calyx partially adnate to the gynoecium. Fruit drupe- like, the nut enclosed in an indehiscent or a dehiscent involuere. Seed oily.— Seven genera and about 40 species, mostly in the north temperate zone. Famity 1. JUGLANDACEAE — WanNuT FAMILY Aromatie trees, with hard wood. Leaves with unequally p blades. ‘Stamin ate med solitary or clustered. Involucre of t ruits dry or juiey.—The wood 2 = of the species is used in tne: ne construction, and impleme Staminate aments stout, simple, sessile or short-stalked: husk indehiscent: nut sculptured. 1. WALLIA. Staminate aments slender, branched, long-stalked : husk dehiscent: nut not sculptured. 2. II1cOnRIA. ALLIA Alef. Bark furrowed. Pith in plates. Leaflets condupli- cate in vernation. Staminate aments simple. Anther-connective conspicu- ous.—About 8 species, natives of North America, West Indies, and the Andes of South America.—Spr.—WALNUTS.—The genus Juglans to which the d ican walnut and the butternut are usually referred is typified by J. which is generically distinct. Sn connective a rounded tip; fruit elongate, viscid-pubescent : ut 4-anglec 1. W. cinerea. Rice. Connectisd erown-like: fruit not elongate, glabrous: nut not angled. 2. W. nigra. W. cinerea (L.) Alef. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the heartwood m leaflets 11-17, the blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, 6-8 em o y t 6- th ridges tee ms brittle. uglans cinerea L. |— (BuT UT. WHITE-WALNUT. OIL- Num S M various provinces, N oe E ei B Ga. to Ark., N. Dak., —A valuable tree for nuts and CR kd dut 2. W. nigra (L.) Alef. Tree becoming 50 m. tall the heart-wood a brown ades 8-1 e 15-23, the ble long, ounded o r subcordate at the on stami- em ame 9— n. long: it 5-8 e in diameter: nut 4-e below the middle, t 4-celled undue the E pen thick, firm. [Juglan a L.]—(BLACK-WALNUT. \— Rich soil, ori in woods, various provinces, "Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Mass.—A very valuable ‘tree, both for nuts and wood. 404 JUGLANDACEAE 2. HICORIA RBaf. Bark close or m Pith solid. Leaflets involute in vernation. Staminate aments branched. nther-connectiye inconspicuous. [Carya Nutt.]—About 18 species, natives of eastern North America and Mexieo.—Many of the hickories furnish a very hard and tough valuable wood. The fruits furnished a valuable food supply for the aborigines and are ex- tensively used by the white-man. The bark is used medicinally, and it furnishes the flavoring ice * ómapleine, ?? a a yellow dye.—Spr.— HICKORIES. Cotyledons entire or merely notched at the apex: nut terete or slightly flattened, celled below, the shell smooth and even. (Subgenus I. PECAN.) I. PECANES. Cotyledons deeply 2-lobed: nut markedly Mns 4-cell oe below, the ] uneven or slightly corruga Subgenus II. EUHICORIA. Bud-scales valvate: blades of the lateral leaflets narrow and faleate, except in H. cordiformis latifolia where they may be broadly ovate. nie imbricate : blades of the lateral leaflets broad, not cate. Husk of the fruit (involucre) splitting freely and promptly to the base, the valves mostly woody or uL III. OvATAE. Husk of the fruit (involucre) splitting rather tardily about the middle, the valves firm-leathery. IV. GLABRAE. II. AQUATICAE. I. Leaflets 5—9 ; blades of the lateral ones not faleate: nut with an exceedingly thick shell: stami nate aments usually in 3’s on a slender peduncle. 1. H. Leaflets usually more than 9; blades of the lateral ones falca E nut with a thin shell: staminate aments myristicaeformis. fasci Lateral leaflets RU manifestly stalked blades: nut terete : 2. H. Pecan. m jen fete: With sessile or nearly sessile blades: somewhat flattened : seed bitter. . H. texana. II. AQUATICAE Leaflets mostly more than 9; blades glabrous: nuts cor- . rugated: bark of trunk flaky. H. aquatica. Leaflets mostly fewer than 9: blades pubescent beneath- . . nuts smooth: bark of trunk close. H. cordiformis. III. OvATAE Bark of the trunk rough, but close or with thin flaky plates. Leaves permanently more or less pubescent; leaflets 1—9: fruit over 3 cm. in diameter. 6. H. alba. Leaves SIABEOBE- leafiets 5-7: fruit less than 3 em. in diameter 17. H. microcarpa. Bark of the 1 runi shaggy, separating in long flat plates. Leaflets Li 9, 2 wo b: twigs pale-orange: fruit 7—9 c n diamete Leaflets 3-5, or individually 7 : twigs red-brown : fruit Anthers pubescent : “blades of the lower pair of leaflets ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, acute or short- AA 9. H. ovata. Anthers glabrous: blades of the lower pair of leaflets narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate. 0. H. carolinae- laciniosa. by septentrionalis. IV. GLABRAE Fruit large, 3—4 c n diameter Leaf-rachis ind. leaflets. Pian cist blades of the leaf- : Ai shining above: inner bud-scales densely pubes- 1i. H. austrina. Leaf-rachis or leaflets, or both, pubescent: blades of i the leaflets dull above: inner bud-scales puberulent. 12. H. pallida. JUGLANDACEAE 405 Fruit small, 2-2.5 em. in diameter Young leaflets rusty- z abescene: winter-buds with copi- ously pubescent scales. 13. H. floridana. Young leaflets not rusty pubescent: winter-buds with puberulent scales. 14. H. glabra. H. myristicaeformis (Michx. f.) Britton. Tree be ecoming 35 m. tall, the bark cr leaflets 5—9; blades us hun lateral ones elliptie or oval, varying ovate- bnc Or ly I. “thinnis h, finely and a ser- rate, pa ale o Or silvery beneath, with a metallic luster: fruits e rp to elli psoid-obovoid or obovoid, 2.5 . long, i301 wing- angled: nut ddr acute at both ends.— ( NUTMEG-HICK ITTER-W oarsely toothed, fale metal fruits D ud ellipsoid, Um 6 cm. long, promi- nently winged: nut e "pin or ovoid- n d at least at the apex.— (PECAN.) —Woods ond river-bottoms, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Kans., Ia., and Ind. Also cult. in Fla., Ga., an nd 8. C., y the production of nuts on a la arge commercial seale.—( Mez x.) 3. H. texana Le Conte. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark rough: leaflets 7-13; blades of the lateral ones lanceolate, a -lanceolate, or ovate, shallowly toothed, o fruits often a bee ta ud obovoid- -ellipsoid, llipsoid o 3—5 em. long, slightly w inged: nut ellipsoi arly so, usually acute at both ends.— (BITTER-PECAN.) —Woods, low AER per river- inm Coastal Plain, Miss. to Tex. and Ark (Me x.) 4. H. aquatica (Michx. f.) Britton. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, bark flaky: leaflets 9-15; blades of the lateral ones lanceolate, een lanceolate, or elliptic- lanceolate, falcate, a eA pee fruits often clustered, sub- oid, obovoid, 2.5-3 globose, ellipso — long, narrowly winged to the base, the thin husk tardily dicen! ow borod. corrugated, thin-shelled, the seed very bitter. — (WATER-HICKORY. Sw "AMP-H ICKORY BITTER -PECAN WATER-BITTERNUT.)—River-swamps, river-bottoms, and moist or wet woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ill, and Va H. cordiformis (Wang.) Britton. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark elose, with shallow furrows and flat ridges: leaflets 7—11, or indisidoally 5; blades of the lateral ones laneeolate, e e Es lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate, (sometimes broadly ovate in a idc ne due atifolia), finely serrate, slightly or decidedly faleate: fruits Med subgl obose, or ovoi 2.5-3 cm. long narrowly ed e above the middle, the thin husk tardily dehiscent: nut uneven, thin-walled, the seed bitter. [Carya amara Nutt. Hicoria ied e sh.) Britton n]— (SWAMP- -HICKORY ITTER-NUT. WHITE-HICKORY. PIGNUT.)—River-banks, rocky oe swamps, and low woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Que 6. H. alba (L.) Britton. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark with flat ridges but e dd 7-9; blades of the lateral m elliptic, varying to elliptic- 406 JUGLANDACEAE laneeolate, or ovate, or sometimes broadened upward, rather coarsely serrate: fruits globose or globose-obovoid, 4-6 em. long, often prominently lobed above, the very thick husk readily dehiscent: nut globular or globose-oval, brownish, sonic cise angled, very thick-shelled: seed sweet. E tomentosa (Lam. Nutt.]—(MockERNUT. WHITE-HEART HICKORY. LNUT. BLACK-HICKORY. WHITE-HICKORY. RED-H beu e —Ro id woods a rich dry ol various pone Fla. to Tex., Ont., and Mas 7. H. microcarpa (Nutt.) Britton. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the bark separating in thin plates: leaflets p of the lateral ones ovate, oval, b elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, varying t oadest above th dle, serrate fruit globose or dep 2-2.5 em. long, slightly winged, the husk thin, freely dehiscent to t ase: nut about as wide long, abruptly pointed at the eae Se whitish, barely angled, thin-shelled: seed S HAG-BARK.)—Rich, sometimes eek woods, weet.— (SMALL-PIGN various provinces, ee eee Plain, Ga. to Mo., Mich., and Mas 8. H. laciniosa (Michx.) Sarg. p beeoming 40 m. tall, the bark separat- ing in narrow plates: leaflets 7—9, or individually 5; blades of eae lateral ones elliptic, aces. elliptic- Janceolate "elliptie- ovate, or ovate, or rarely broad- io upward, rather finely serrate: fruit broadly ed to Susi USE. 6-9 m. long, slightly lobed Shave the thick husk readily dehiscent: nut broadly ellipsoid, slightly obov = or oe = long, white or “yellowish, ridged, thick-shelled: seed sweet.—(KIN Big SHAG-BARK. ELL-BARK. THICK pend -BARK. Rich soil, UM in river bottoms, various pus inces, Tenn. to Okla., Ia., and N. Y. 9. H. ovata (Mill.) Britton. ee becoming 40 m. tall, e bark ee in large plates: leaflets 3-5, or rarely 7; blades of the lateral o val or elliptic, varying to ovate or soa. or broadly elliptie- e pos eoarsely serrate: fruits oval to eas se, 83-5 em. thick, somewhat lobed, the i an lon tin e bas whitish, slightly a ir “thin. id pog sweet. [Carya alba Nutt. H. caro- linae-septentrionalis australis | Ashe]—(SHAG-BARK oe ad SCALY-BARK HICKORY. HITE-HICKORY.)—Rich soil and woods, various pe ae to Tex., Minn., and Que.—A related B Cie 500 Sarg., native of E Tex., Ark., and La., is said to grow in Miss. It may be distinguished from H. ‘ovata by the e ridged bark, the dominant 7 eaflets, and the th den rus nut.—The fruits of H. ovata are distinguished thinness of the shell ae Hue Sud pres of the kernel. They are Pus the extensively collected ee the mar 0. H. carolinae-septentrionalis Ashe. Tree becomi ing 40 m. tall, the bark separating in large and very long plates: leaflets 3-5; blades of the fida ones lanceolate, ee lanceolate, narrowly pd lanceolate, or owly elliptic, or individually ovate- lance olate, rather finely serra oe with Ron do eartilaginous hairy- -tufted teeth: fruits subglabose 2 5 em. long, slightly " aan 2. ds Bo or rocky woods m rich bottom-lands, various provinces, Ga. to Ala., Ky., nd Del. H. austrina Small. 'Tree becoming 18 m. tall or less, the bark rough, en: o leaflets 5-7; blades of the lateral ones ovate, me EE laneeolate or ovate- lanceolate, d often coarsely so, gla abrous at lea maturity: fruit subglob 3—4 long, rounded at the base, e n omi E ridged, the thick pon tardily dehiscent: nut pale-brown, ees LEITNERIACEAE 407 e roughened, thick-shelled: seed sweet. [Carya megacarpa Sarg. in t.]—Hammocks, upper pen. and N Fla. 12. H. pallida Ashe. Tree becoming 35 m. , the bark very rough: leaflets 7-9 ; anaes the lateral ones lanceolate, Ed -lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate, fin ely s subglobose, oval, or obovoid-pyriform, 3-4.5 em. long, often aishily ridged, the ped husk dehiscent; nut whitish, un a mH elongate, smooth rly so, thick- shelle d: seed sweet.—(PA Y.)—Dry woods, Coastal "Plain, and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tenn., and Ya. ey far jad a 13. H. floridana (Sarg.) Small. Shrub or tree becoming 25 m. tall, bark close, slightly ridged: leaflets 3—5 or rarely 7; blades of the m ao lanceolate, elli D -laneeolate, or elliptie, searcely faleate, rather remotely d: eartila aginous oothed: fruit udi or subglobose, 2-2.5 em. long, wingless, dd: S slightly ridged, the thin husk tardily and irregularly dehiscent: uneven, rather thick- erie [Carya floridana Sarg. ]|— (ScRUB-HICK- ui —Sandy ridges and scrub, pen. Fla.—Cons ipd bcr sd in the morphologie characters T "been attributed to the species of Hicoria, per- aps, however, chiefly as a result a our rather incomplete knowledge of the genus and limited fold-study . How H. floridan e oecupies one of y our very late and unstable phys siographic areas, cee doen variation in the shape and size of the fruits. These, on adjacent trees range from PE se to narrowly pyriform, often with a stipe-like o in addition. The fruits are quite uniform on a given tree. 14. H. glabra (Mill.) Britton. Tree aeg ^ m. tall, or rarely larger, the bark ridged, but close: leaflets 5-7, 3; blades of the lateral ones lanceolate, Se hanceolate, Ri to or eee Meer upward; a id labrous or nearly so (or r less sega in H. glabra hirsuta): poke or pyriform 1.5- 3e n ng, often with & prominent stipe-like ded even arly s , the thinnish husk ete dehiscent: nut brownish, obovo id to subglobose, thick shelled, even or a tly angled: see id un et. [Carya o Nutt Eri ORY. | BROOM-H BROWN- ORY. Swir BUD HIC T)—Dr w ond and open hillsides, often in acid soil, various oe ieee "Fla. o La., Minn., and Me. ORDER LEITNERIALES — LEITNERIAL ORDER Shrubs or trees, with exceedingly light wood. Leaves alternate. Flowers dioecious, in aments appearing before the leaves, the staminate flowers borne on the base of each bract: perianth wanting: androecium of 3-12 stamens: pistillate flowers each with a minute perianth: gynoe- eium a single carpel, the stigma introse. Ovule solitary. Fruit a collec- tion of drupes each subtended by a braet. Famity 1. LHITNERIACEAE — Corkwoop FAMILY Bark smooth, brown. Leaf-blades entire. Stipules wanting. Aments from the axils of last year’s leaves. Staminate aments many-flowered : following genus and species on 1. LEITNERIA Chapm. Leaves scattered: blades shining above, petioled. Staminate aments conspicuously bracted: filaments distinct. Pis- 408 MYRICACEAE tillate aments inconspicuously braeted: ovary shorter than the stigma. rupe glabrous, the flesh leathery 1, L. floridana E Shrub, or tree be- ate: late aments id Nx braets: is ud id tie, long.— (CoRKWo Swamps, brackish, fresh, or alluvial, Coastal Plain, 2 ba to Tex., "Mo., and — The i becom i used for floats and stoppers. OrpeR MYRICALES — MynicAL ORDER Shrubs or small trees, usually aromatie. Leaves alternate: blades n sometimes toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers dioecious or monoe- cious; the staminate in long aments, each flower consisting of an androe- cium ot 2-8 stamens; the pistillate in short aments, each flower consisting of a gynoecium of 2 united carpels on a bract subtended by 2 braetlets and surrounded by 2-8 scales. Stigmas 2. Ovules solitary. Fruit a nut, the epiearp often waxy. Faminy 1. MYRICACEAE — BAYBERRY FAMILY Shrubs or trees. Leaves resinous-dotted. Aments scaly-bracted. Perianth wanting. Ova ary 1-celled. Nut short and thick. Three genera and about 35 species of wide geographic distribution. Leaves without stipules ; blades entire or toothed : fruit not in a bristly involucre. ge by the clasping bractlets; fruiting spikes bracted. 1. MYRICA. E of the pistillate flowers deciduous: vor wingless, very waxy: fruiting spikes cluster-like, bractless. 2. CEROTHAMNUS. Leaves stipulate; blades pinnatifid: fruit in a bristly involucre. 3. COMPTONIA. 1. MYRIC Dioecious shrubs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed above the middle. Aments appearing pen the leaves. Staminate aments with closely imbricate bracts: flowers 4 stamens, without braetlets. PE aments not bristly: flowers with a gynoe- cium subtended by 2 lateral bractlets which later develop into wings. Fruit nut- like, flattened, 2-winged, erowded in spikes with the persistent bracts.—Represented by the following species only: 1. M. Gale L. Shrub 1.5 m. tall or aed X with dark perm leaf-blades thiek, spatu- late to drap or oblong-cuneate, mostly 1.5-5 long, serrate near the apex, often Rn. pubescent: mature MYRICACEAE | 409 pistillate -o ea dense, becoming 1-1.5 cm. IE nut 2-2.5 mm. E lon ng ings somewhat prolonged at the top.—(SWEET-GALE. BOG-MYRTLE.) In s pe and Si borders e ponds, often in acid soil, "Blue Ridge and more ioo Bound N. C. to Minn., Ore., Alas., Ont., 'and Newf. —Spr. 2. CEROTHAMNUS Tidestrom. Dioecious shrubs or trees. Leaves evergreen in our ibas blades entire or merely toothed. Aments appearing after the lea Staminate aments with 1 imbrieate bracts: flowers with not bristly: flowers with a gynoecium subtended by 2-4, or more, bractlets which are not accrescent. Fruit globular, drupe-like, in cape! like spikes without bracts, the epicarp very waxy. [Morella (Fl. SE U. S.)]—About 9 species, mostly North American.—The bark is astringent i wax is obtained from the exudations of the fruits.—Wint.-spr.—BAYBERRIES. WAX-MYRTLES. WAX-BERRIES. "lALLOW-SHRUBS. CANDLE-BERRIES. Low shrub, less than 1 m. tall, with horizontal subterranean ides. A oU the erect branches often forming large patches C. pumilus. Tall shrubs or small trees, without OO CEN: Leaf- M toothed x individually entire: stamens about 4: twigs Dubes Drupe A n diam eter LA DIA NES of a narrow 2 jone-attenuate to ihe “bas 2. C. ceriferus. Dru 4—5 in diameter: leaf-bl ades a a broad RA : usually ‘not ione nctenuate to the bas 3. C. carolinensis. Leaf-blades entire: stamens about 10: twigs glabrous. 4. C. inodorus C. pumilus (Michx.) Small. Shrub 2-6 dm. tall, gregarious from hori- zontal bise leaf-blades obovate to linear-spatulate, cuneate at the base, 9— . lon 1.5-3 ng or rarely lar Teer commonly 0-8 e s dong; nut 3.5—4 m Re —(Dw Dw NDLE- ERR cs Mga andy “acid Piet ade, “Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C. 2. ©. ceriferus (L.) Small. Shrub, or tree becoming 12 m. tall: leaves much Te- br often yellowish; blades oblanceolate to elliptie- ‘oblanceolate, 3-10 em. long, toothed or rei s ay entire: a inate aments 1-1. ys . long: nut 2-3 mm. in diameter.— CW RRY. Wa X-MYRTLE. oo Rep mae —-Hammocks, and mps, protected from fire, often in acid soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and S N. J. 3. C. carolinensis (Mill) Tidestrom. rub 1-3 all: leaves not con- dieque d reduced toward the tips of ao puts ‘iads elliptic, e obovate, 2—10 e T Li toothed towar d apex inate si ird 1—1.5 em. long: e amet or (BATHE RY. "on seit BAYBERRY. SWAM ESI = or wet acid Bude edges of hammocks, dunes, ana stream-banks, Prius POI e Fla. to Ala. La., (2), "Tnd., and N. S. 4. C. inodorus (Bart.) Small. o i. tree 6 m. tall: D igo ee dris or sometimes a te, 4-8 em. long, entire: stamin 1.5 . long: nut 5-7 mm. in fans (Onsen Wax- ee of 410 SALICACEAE pineland ipo. and Titi bays, Coastal Plain, N. Fla. to Miss.—Remarkable for the lack of fragrance in the foliage. The leaves are smooth, while in the preceding ae they are scurfy. 3. COMPTONIA Banks. Monoecious shrubs. Leaves deciduous; ; blades pinnatifid. Pistillate aments m Fruit not drupe-like, surrounded by a bur-like involucre.—One species: 1. C. peregrina (L.) Coulter. Shrub 3 dm. tall: leaf-blades is ey a = b lanceolate, em n he segments A obtuse: staminate aments 1-3 cm. g, the bracts long stillate aments 8 NS bur-like: nut ovoid, 5 mm. long, shining | Mj83I//, (SwEET-FE ERN-BUSH. SWEET-BUSH.) d WL, —Dry sterile soil, various provinces, N Ga. NS E and Tenn. to Man. and N. S.—8Spr.—The NU e pleasant a oF the foliage may often SS OAS be discerned distant from the plant. us plant of poor soil, often making very dense colonies, almost exclud- ing other growth. Orper SALICALES — SALICAL ORDER Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades simple, entire or toothed. Flowers dioecious in aments, the staminate consisting of an androecium of 2 or more stamens, the pistillate consisting of a gynoecium of 2 or 4 united carpels. Ovules numerous. Fruit capsular. AN Famity 1. SALICACEAE — WiLLow FAMILY Shrubs or trees with soft wood. Leaf-blades very narrow to very wide. Aments erect or drooping, the bracts mostly ciliate or toothed. Capsule narrowed to the apex. Seed usually with a tuft of hairs.—Two genera, the following, and more than 250 species, widely distributed in temperate and arctic regions. n incised : disk cup-like: stamens usually 10 or more, rarely 6-8: stigmas elon- gate and expanded: winter ipe with several scales. 1. POPULUS. e ae disk merely 1 or more ax illary glands: stamens less 0: stigmas Thot Hob audeo winter buds with 1 scale 2. SALIX. 1. POPULUS [Tourn.] L. Trees, the buds with several scales. Leaf- tha blades palmately veined, relatively lone: petioled. Sta more than 10, or rarely 6 or 8: anthers purple or red. Ovary sessile. Stigua dilated.—4A bout 30 species, natives of the Northern Hemisphere.—The wood is used in con- struction and for ei paper pulp.—Spr.—-POoPLARS. (0:99 0035 SHE NN slender lobes: terminal buds small, short, not glutinous, or only slig s slender, of a conic type: bracts of the aments | d, th lobes narrow: leaf-blades glabrous or nearly at incu I. GBANDIDENTATAE. Capsule oU. Eo an ovoid type: bracts of the aments crenate : leaf-blades p white-tomentose. II. ALBAE. Spa Ni mn cone ad lobes: terminal buds large, long, very giu SALICACEAE 411 Petioles laterally flattened. III. DELTOIDES. Petioles terete or channeled. IV. HETEROPHYLLAE. I. GRANDIDENTATA Leaf-blades finely crenate-serrate: bud-scales eer or merely ciliate. 1. P. tremuloides. Leaf-blades coarsely sinuate-dentate: bud-scales tomentulose. 2. P. grandidentata. P ALB Leaf-blades very broad, several-lobed and "m toothed, the pubescence on the lower surface often felt-like. . P. alba. III. DELTOIDES Stamens 6-8: tree-trunk fastigiately branched. 4. P. italica. Stamens 5 or more: tree-trunk widely branched. D. P. balsamifera. I HETEROPHYLLAE Anthers ellipsoid : pistillate aments loosely ee capsule slender-pedicelled : young leaves white-tomentos 6. P. heterophylla. Anthers obo e-oval: pistillate aments ea " flowered : capsule stout-pedicelled : young leaves not white-tomentose. 7. P. candicans. 1. P. tremuloides Michx. Tree becoming 15 m. tall (rarely taller), the bark ooth or smoothish, greenish-white: 7 m ovate to orbieular-ovate, or ng, abruptl thickets, various provinces, Tenn. to Calif, Alas., Ont., N. S., and Newf. . grandidentata Michx. Tree becom- "n m. ‘long. 2 SPEN. ARGE-TOOTHED ASPEN.)— Woods, | stream- d usually in burns and clearings, and various provinees, N. C. to Minn., and N. S. 3. P. alba L. Tree becoming 35 m. tall, the nen T except when old and ee dc ur ovate or orbicular in outlin mewhat rhombie, 5—10 . long, s or somewhat A white- tomentose beneath: ament- bracts nate. aie ovoid, 2.5- long.— d POPLAR. SILVER-LEAVED P ILVER-POPLAR. Dut ee BEECH. — Cult. uu rounds, roadsides, and fields, locally omer our range, and in other parts of the U. S. and S Can. Nat 4. P. italica Moench. Tree with eee ee e trunk, becoming 25 m. tall: leaf-blades deltoid, subrhomboidal, mewhat r einform, mostly 5-8 em. long, crenate or crenate-serrate: unns e vnb 2-5 em. long: stamens few: capsule ovoid, 6-8 mm. long. [P. dilatata Ait.]— (Lo MBARDY- ee shes cae )—Roadsides, fields, meadows, and pastures, locally in ou ange. Nat. 5. P. balsamifera L. Tree with widely branched trunk, becoming 40 m. tall, pe oe dark: leaf-blades deltoid to ovate-deltoid, 8-15 em. long, or longer, short-aeuminate, serrate or crenate-serrate, nearly or quite to the e usually with two "prominent basal-glands: staminate aments 8-12 em. 412 SALICACEAE long: e numerous: eapsule ovoid, 8-10 mm. eda i pid a ] —(NECKLACE-POPLAR. AROLINA-POPLAR. RIVER-POPLAR. COT Vim Moist soil poss along streams, various provinces, Fla. to La., Man. and 1 Gus 6. P. heterophylla L. ap becoming 30 m. tall the bark eps leaf-blades broadly ovate, 8-15 em. long, or longer, obtuse or acutish, nate or serrate- crenate: pistillate E short t, the flowers Jong: pedicelled; teas a 9-12 mm. long.— MP-COTTONWOOD. BLACK Downy LAR.) —Swamps and river- EPIS various. provinees, pee b am N Fla. to La., Ark., Ind., and Conn 7. P. candicans Ait. Tree E pn x Ae pou bark uis leaf-blades broadly ovate or orbieular-ovate, ong, a inate, crenate: pistillate aments M Sah the flowers E reps Ge. ovoid, 8-11 mm. lon (BALM-OF-GILEAD.)—Roadsides, fields, and cult. ae nds, various EON eS: es, N. C. to o N Dak., Alas., Ont., and Newf. Nat. f Eurasia, and perhaps also of NN 2. SALIX [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the buds with a single scale. Leaf- orina pinnately veined, relatively short- -petioled. Stamens 2, or rarely 1- ns; few i the south temperate zone.—' The wood is used to make fine grades of charcoal, the bark yields tannic acid and the branchlets are used in making baskets. Some species are used in ornamental hortieulture.—Wint.-Spr.— WILLOWS. OsIERS. WITHYS Aments borne on lateral leafy branchlets, their scales of one color, usually yellowish, deciduous: filaments distinct, pubescent below. Stamens 3—7. I. NIGRAE. Stations 2. Tess plages closely serrate, long-acuminate. II. ALBAE eaf-blades entire or remotely denticulate or dentate. III. ORCI OHNE Aments borne EUR or terminal, their bracts discolored, col- t the tips, D ene aments distinct and glab- E US iere in S. purpur Filaments glabrous, distinct. Capsule glabrous. IV. CoRDATAE. Capsule pubescent. af-blades serrate. V. SERICEAE. af-bladés undulate, crenate, or undulate-crenate. VI. DISCOLORES. Filaments pubescent, uni ited. VII. PURPUREAE. I. NI Leaf-blades green on both sides, sometimes paler beneath. apsule conic or ovoid-conic, the lower part more or less swollen, the base not "DEG adly rounded: pedicels less than one-half as long as the capsules. 1. S. nigra. Capsule ovoid, the lower part conspicuously turgid, the bas Pn A rounded: pedicels one-half as long as the capa ies 2. S. marginata. Leaf-blades. “glaucous or silvery-white pubescent beneath. apsule conic, the valves veiny: fruiting aments short. 9. S. amphibia. Capsule ovoid, the valves not veiny: fruiting aments elon- 4. S. longipes. I A Capsule distinctly pedicelled, conic-subulate or conic. 5. S. fragilis. Capsule ae ee or nearly so, ovoid or conic-ovoid. Capsule 4—5 mm. long: pistillate aments 4 cm. long or more. 6. S. alba. Capsule 2-3 mm. long: pistillate aments 3 cm. lone or less. 1. S. babylonica. LONGIFOLIA ` III. AE Leaf-blades of a narrowly linear type: capsule with a broad base abruptly narrowed into the beak. 8. S. interior. SALICACEAE 413 IV. CORDATA Capsule mostly less cd T mm. long: twigs icone more or less grayish- sis . S. cordata. Capsule mostly over unm. long: twigs purple. 10. S. Chapman. CEAE Leaf-blades glabrous in maturity: capsule 5—8 mm. long. 11. S. petiolaris. Leaf-blades persistently sericeous: capsule 3—4 mm. long. 12. S. sericea. VI. Dis ES Leaf-blades glabrous, at least at maturity purses -petioled. 13. S. discolor. Leaf-blades persistently pubescent, at least beneath, distinctly petioled, or very short- -petiole d. Mature pistillate aments 2—4 cm. long: capsule 7—9 mm 14. S. humilis. Mature pistillate aments 1—1.5 em. long: capsule 5—6 mm. ong. 15. S. tristis. VII. PURPUREAE Filaments pubescent, united. 16. S. purpurea. S. nigra Marsh. Shrub or small tree, the twigs brown: leaf-blades nar- rowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 6— 12 em . long, acute at both ends, or maturity, closely serrate: bracts of ay staminate aments obtuse: ca psules 3-5 m long, somewhat swollen below, but em iio epee rounded at the base.— (BLACK SWAMP-WILLOW. )—Low gro unds, swamps, and river-banks, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., N. D., and N. B. . S. marginata Wimm. hrub or small tree, the twigs reddish: leaf-blades ovate, i m. | gs elliptie, or laneeolate, 2-5 e g, obtuse, acute, or slightly acuminate, green on bot sides slightly paler eath, -— (GULF ee —River- and swamps, rey Plain, Fla. to La.—Specimens commonly referred to this and the precedin ae with fragile branchlets, have been described as S. Harbisonii C. Sehne ider 3. S. amphibia Small. Shrub or small tree, the twigs purple or purplish: leaf- blades linear- — olate, ee or elliptic 3-13 em. long, acute acuminate, glabrous or pubes when young, glaucous beneath, finely ser- rate: bracts of the staminate ae usually acute or acutish: capsule conie, 6-8 mm. long, long-beaked.—Borders of lakes, swamps, and hammocks, pen. Fla S. longipes Anders. Shrub or small tree, the twigs gray or gray-brown: leaf-blades era, de ape A Or pipi Kis or rarely some- what broadened upward, 7—15 long, acute inate, finely serrate, glaueous and vein an often finely pubescent d stout -petioled: o aa ae any capsule ovoid, 4-6 mm. long, short-bea ked. [S. floridana m.]—Rocky and gravelly shores and stream- -beds, Coastal Plain and adj. seer Fine o Tex. Mo., and Md. . fragilis L. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the twigs pide leaf-blades green, or xm beneath, lanceolate to elliptic- o 8-15 cm. long, E capsule conic- -subulate or conic, 4.5-5 mm. long.—(CRACK- Ba Bri 414 SALICACEAE WILLOW. SNAP-WILLOW.)—Roadsides, fields, and meadows, locally nat. in the E U.S. Nat. of Eu. 6. S. alba L. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the twigs greenish (yellow or bus dish En with glabrous leaves in S. alba vitellina; olive n or blui S. alba coerulea): leaf-blades pale, or white beneath, lanceolate or ciliptie, 5-12 em. long, permanently oo in the typical tree: capsule ovoid, 3—5 mm. long.—( WHITE iens il m-banks, meadows, and roadsides, loeally nat. in tem mp. N. A. Nat u. 7. S. babylonica L. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the twigs greenish: leaf- blades narrowly Te DN to linear-lanceolate, 5- 12 em. long, pud s at n Rods ing E ous, E beneath, finely serrate: capsule oid-conic, 2—3 long arely ler.——(WEEPING-WILLOW. DROOPING: "vuiow.) Rd ans edd and about dwellings, locally nat. N. A. Nat of Eu. 8. S. interior Rowlee. Shrub or small tree, the Pu A dis or reddish: leaf- blades linear, varying to broadest below the middle above it, remote ly ly s j e mm. long, ues p least in maturity. ([S. dc Muhl.]—(SANDBAR- WILLOW. RIVER-BANK WILLOW.)—Alluvial soil, river-banks, and islands, various a. "Tenn. to La., Man., Que., and Del. S. cordata Muhl. Shrub sometimes 5 m. tall, the twigs EL more or less grayish-pubescent: Beo EE elliptic- aoe or narrowly elliptic (linear-lancceolate in ordata angustata), 5-11 cm. m or larger on ae acuminate, serr M peser sis eous when DE green, pale or somewhat glar cous beneath: capsule ovoid-conie, 5-7 ong, beaked, abrupt ly n d or somewhat rounded at the o 'short- Belen [S. missouriensis Bebb.]— x xA -LEAVED WILLOW.)—Wet soil and P Dine. Ala. to Okla., Calif., B. C., Ont., and N. B. S. Chapmanii Small Shrub or small tree, the twigs purple, sometimes n. pubescent: leaf-blades d ae Or aye eae -lanceolate or ovate-lanceo- late, 5-8 em. long or larger, on twigs, acute rate, very glaucous beneath: capsule conic, 7-9 mm. long, stout- beaked, a at the turgid base.—River- banks and wet mod. Coastal Plain, N Fla. and S Ga. 11. S. petiolaris J. E. Smith. Shrub often 4 m. tall, the twigs a esa leaf-blades lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or linear- elliptic 4-7 em. long, acuminate at both ends, finely serrate, sparingly sericeous when young: p sule slender-conie, or ovoid- ellipsoid below the beak, 5-8 ong, or rarely smaller, pubescent.— (RoSEMARY-WILLOW.)—Swamps and low grounds, various provinces, Tenn. to Mass. iu N. B. 19. S. sericea Marsh. Shrub sometimes becoming 4 m. tall, the twigs purple or purplish, finely m É blades pap often "narrowly so, nar- rowl elliptic, or broadly lin 5-10 em. long, or acuminate, finely eaves ade usly sericeous especially when young: ca ee ule short-conic, ovoid- con void-oblong, 3—4 ong, pubese scent.— (SILK pa LLOW.)—Wet hillsides, EI and stream- ‘banks, various provinces, N. C. to Mich. and 13. S. discolor Muhl. Shrub or small tree, the twigs purple or grayish n slightly pubescent when young: leaf- blades ee elliptic-lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or obovate, 5-10 em. long, or larger on shoots, glabrous, i CORYLACEAE 415 least in maturity, Mrd beneath, irregularly .erenate-serrate: capsule odes e 5—10 mm. lon ng, slender -beaked, Ec e -WILLOW. Boa-WIL SIL ERIS OW. LD PUSSY-WILLOW.)—Swamps, meadows, ae ur “hillsides, various DN N. C. to Mo., Man., d IN. S. . S. humilis Marsh. Shrub 3 m. tall or less, the twigs purplish or grayish, closely p leaf-blades elliptic, or oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long longer, becoming glabrous or ee : above, glaucous, veiny, and more or less pubescent beneath, cds Or e ES ad revolts, distinctly petioled: staminate aments rile ong: capsule 7—9 ng, the nar- rowly ovoid base rather aiden oe. thinly fine- sabe ee ae —Dry banks, rocky slopes, and moist thickets, various provinces, N. C. to Tex., Kans., Minn., and Newf. 15. S. tristis Ait. Shrub usually less than 1 m. tall, the twigs brownish or grayish, fi! dag p leaf- blades cuius late Es enis a or broadly lin 2-5 em. long, persistently hoary-pubescent, but p So eec p^ ae undulate- S very shoe E Eds stamin aments less than 1 long: capsule long, the bro a e basa p dion E beaked, RM fine- pubescent. — (Dwa RF GRAY-WIL PUSSY-WILLOW.)—Dry open woods, thickets, and “hitsides, rade provinees, Fla. to Nebr., Minn., and Me.—Usually in acid so 6. S. aL. Shrub or small tree, the twigs Lise leaf-blades oblong, ‘broadly anode: pisse o or spatulate, 4—7 c . long, serrulate near the apex, pale beneath, short-petioled: staminate aments (2-3 em. done. capsule. ovoid-conic or ovoid, 3—4 mm. long or rarely 5 mm. ius ic M Low. P ER- ow. B swamps, and roadsides, E U. S. Nat. of Eu Orpen FAGALES — FAGAL ORDER Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades simple. Flowers monoe- cious or rarely dioecious, at least the staminate borne in aments, the pis- tillate sometimes with an involucre which becomes a bur or cup in fruit. Calyx usually present. Corolla wanting. Fruit a nut or rarely a samara. eed and pistillate flowers in aments: fruit not with a bur or Staminate flowers solitary in the axil of each bract, without a E pistillate doce ers with a calyx Fam. 1. CORYLACEAE. Staminate flowers Ex together in the axil of each bract, each with a calyx: ns flowers without a calyx. Fam. 2. BETULACEAE. Staminate flowers in aments: bes illate often solitary, the involucre becoming a bur or cup. Fam. 3. FAGACEAE. ‘Faminy 1. CORYLACEAE — HazkL-NUT FAMILY rubs or trees, the wood close-grained. Leaves deciduous: blades mostly doubly toothed. Staminate aments drooping, with each bract sub- tending one flower, the calyx wanting. Pistillate aments not drooping, each bract bearing 2 or 3 pistils, the involucre of a bract and 2 scales. Fruit consisting of one or more acerescent bracts each subtending or in- closing 1, 2 or 3 nuts.—Four genera and 20 species, most abundant in the Northern Hemisphere. ER flowers without bractlets : teal ee flowers numerous, in elongate aments: mall, subtended by or inclosed in a bract: stamens many. Fr rui iti ce bracts flat, 3- lobed, the te inal lobe toothed. 1. CARPINUS. Fruiting bracts bladder- like, 2. OSTRYA. 416 CORYLACEAE rar ie flowers with bractlets: pistillate flowers few, in heads: t large, in a leaf-like involucre: stamens few. . 3. CORYLUS. 1. CARPINUS [Tourn.] L. Trees or shrubs, the bark smooth. Stami- nate aments usually solitary, with separated spreading bracts. Pistillate aments with 3-lobed bracts at e —About species, only the following Ameri 1. C. caroliniana Walt. Shrub, or small em. long: nut 5-6 ng.— CE r BLUE- BEECH. Wee IRONWOOD. )—Moist woods, swampy places, along streams, various provinces age o Tex., Minn., a N. S.—Spr.—T handles and other small articles. 2. OSTRYA [Mich.] Scop. Shrubs or trees, the bark scaly. Staminate aments usually clustered, with close imbricate bracts. Pistillate aments with lobeless bracts. Six species, 3 American, 3 in the Old' World. O. eT ST. Willd. Shrub, 1. tree becom tall, the bark rou Es finely id pets leaf-blades mainly ong: mature bracts of m t 6-7 mm. long.—( OP- HORN- BEAM. Dzss-woon IRoNwOOD. , LEVER- BLACK-HAZEL.) — ze often d or provinees, Fla. ex., Man., an Spr.—The iet is used mostly for Wallets: and tool-handles. 3. CORYLUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the bark smoothish. Sta a ith e bracts. ilate aments with fo eeu bractlets at maturity, these are dilated, or sometimes formed into a beaked involuere.—Seven species, 3 American, 4 in the Old World.—Spr.—HAZEL- NUTS. FILBERTS Mature bractlets distinct, leaf-like, incised. 1. C. americana. Mature bractlets united, prolonged into a narrow beak. 2. C. cornuta. 1. C. americana Walt. Shrub 1-4 m. tall: i blades thickish, oval or sub- orbieular, varying to ovate or obovate, 5—15 em. long: sta minate aments 6—10 BETULACEAE 417 em. jong, t rt bracts broadly oval or nearly 8 each bractlet of the pistil- Tate mene a cui foliaceous and lobed. CAN-HAZELNUT.)—Low thi ckets ofte on £5 un d w for) T ous provinces, Ga. to Kan 2. cornuta Marsh. Shrub 1-2 . tall: er blades bow oblong or oral. vary- ing to obov e, 4-12 em. long, eo arsely ser- rate and p^ arply serrulate: staminate aments 2-5 em. long, the bracts rhomboid- obovate, apiculate: each bractlet of the pistillate aments tubular involu (BEAKED- HAZELNUT.) — Stony, often acid soil along streams and in thickets, and in open woods, Piedmont süd more northern provinces, Ga. to Kans., Sask., Que., and N. S. 7 s PN MEE * vu" E NS - b P 3 I ES ee ee POPP Ory Pu m V3 9 ad SB 3^8 = SpF >o TS [e | às 4*2 DRM FaAwinLy 2. BETULACEAE — BmcnH FauiLY Shrubs or trees, the wood close-grained. Leaves deciduous: blades with 2-several series of teeth. Staminate aments drooping, wi bract subtending 2 or 3 flowers, the calyx present. Pistillate aments seldom drooping, the bracts thickened and woody, each one bearing 2 or 3 pistils, the calyx wanting. Fruit a cone-like aggregate of the accrescent bracts, each of which subtends a nut.—Two genera and about 45 species, most abundant in the Northern Hemisphere. C -x S marr pone mae of the mature pistillate aments membranous, 3-lobed, Bay with t Stamens 4 (36) : bracts of the mature pistillate aments thickened and woody, persistent. 2. ALNUS. 1. BETULA [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the bark often aromatic. Staminate flowers with 2 stamens, the anther-sacs separated. Bracts of the pistillate aments 3-lobed, thin and appressed or ascending at maturity.— About 35 species, natives of the north temperate and arctic zones.—The wood is valuable for cabinet work and for small articles used in various manu- factories. The bark, which is impervious to water, is used for canoes, boxes, and shoes. It peels naturally in horizontal strips.—Spr.—BIRCHES. Fruiting ament peduncled: samara wider than long. I. NIGRAE. Fruiting ament sessile at the end of a short branch: samara longer than wide. II. LENTAE. I. NIGRAE Fruiting aments ellipsoid, erect; scales tomentose: leaf-blades broadly cuneate at the base. 1. B. nigra. Fruiting aments narrowly cylindric, nodding; scales not tomentose: leaf-blades cordate at the base. 2. B. cordifolia. II. LEN Leaf-blades shining above: mature De seine with two short broad ead tat lateral lobes: a with triangu- lar-obovate or cuneate wings: bark BW 3. B. lenta. Leaf-blades dull above: mature BE bracts with two E lateral lobes: sam with orbicular-obovate ngs: bark yellowish or silve a 4. B. allegheniensis. 27 418 BETULACEAE ra L. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the younger bark silvery or yellow: leaf- blades ig -ovate, 3-6 cm, long, bro oadly cuneate at the base, more or less un entose beneath except ‘in age: stam e ame nis with suborbicular bracts: n us *pistillat aments 3—4 cm. long, less than 1 em. thick, the bracts 6-7 mm. long, tonno wing of the fruit reniform, eiliate.—(RIVER-BIRCH. RED- . W - IRCH.)—Swam s and stream-banks, vari- ous Pima eet uaa: Ridge, N Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Mas i 26. ^. NW. Vet: 2. B. cordifolia Regel. Tree 10 m. tall or less, the young bark white or whitish: leaf-blades ovate to triangular-ovate, 4-8 te or short-acuminate, doubly 3:39, x A y * "ert 2 I aments with broadly ovate braets: pale pistillate aments 2.5-5 em. long, acd or ps bracts 5.5-6.5 mm. long, glabrous or obscurely pubes- ruit e eciliate. —Cool woods, Blue Ridge, N. C., nc aon poles N N. Y. to Minn. and Newf. B. lenta L. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, x bark e leaf-blades ovate, elliptie- orate, or ee pg edi 4-12 em. long, rounded or cordate at the base, si ben an staminate nt with ovate eus mature pistillate es 15S e . long, over 1 cm. thick, the bracts 5-6 mm. long and m or nearly a wide, mcr pom ous: wing of the fruit tri- angular-obova Or died not ciliate.—(S'WEET-BIRCH. |. .CHERRY-BIRCH. BLACK-BIRCH. gens M GANY-BIRCH.)—-Woods and hillsides, c ous D in Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Ala., Minn., and Newf.— bark c an essential oil similar to that of wintergreen, and is distilled with pe in Por to secure it on a commercial s 4. B. allegheniensis Britton. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, E bark —— ish or silvery: leaf-blades diu to elliptie-ovate, 5—10 em. long, rounde d or cordate at the base, pubescent on the nerves beneath: He odes with eos or oval-ovate bracts: ul pistillate aments 1.5—2.5 cm. long, very stout, the bracts 7-9 mm. long, quite or fully a side ae wing of the fruit pid obovate. [B. lutea (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]—(SOUTHERN YELLOW-BIRC Y- oe —Rich, often rocky woods, Blue Ridge and more northern pu o Man. and Newf. ALNUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the bark astringent. Stami- nate oe with 3-6 stamens, the anther-sacs connected. Bracts of the pis- tillate aments not lobed, woody and spreading at maturity.—About 15 species, natives of the Northern Hemisphere and the Andes. The bark yields tannic acid.—ALDERS. Aments flowering before or after the leaves develop: nut wingless, merely margined. 1. A. rugosa. Aments flowering as the leaves develop: nut winged. 2. A. Alnobetula. 1. A. osa (Du Roi) Spreng. pum or tree, becoming 13 m. tall: leaf- blades “thickish, obovate or oval, em. long: mature ae aments FAGACEAE 419 oblong or oval, 1.5-2 em. long, the bracts 3-lobed: nut 1.5-2.5 mm. long, sharp- arenes —(Saoorn: -ALDER. GREEN-ALDER. AG-ALDER ALDE E es wo mps, and stream-banks, various pro inces, E Blue d and Adirondacks, Fla. t ex, Minn., and Me.—Spr. 2. A. Alnobetula (Ehe K. Koch. Shrub E A m. tall: d iion oval or ovate, .dm. long: pistillate amen E em. long, the pese undulately lobed: nut 2-3 mm. long, winged.— (Moun- 1 £3 PAN um P 27. 7 Syri Hier rm v Tyee e cec, ING, saves: —Stony x, G acid soil, ` Blue Ridge and more m provinees, N. C. and Tenn. to Man., N. Y., and Lab.—Spr.— (Eurasia.) Famity 3. FAGACEAE — Oak FAMILY Shrubs or trees, the wood coarse-grained. Leaves sometimes per- sistent: blades simple, entire, toothed, or lobed. Staminate aments elon- gate or globular, the calyx of 4-7 partially united sepals. Pistillate flowers solitary or several together, each subtended by a bristly involucre, the sepals thick. Fruit a bur-like, cup-like, or saucer-like involucre enclosing or subtending 1 or more nuts.—About 6 genera and 400 species of wide geographical distribution. Staminate aments globose, drooping on slender bracted peduncles: nut 3-angled or 3-winged. 1. FAGUS. Staminate aments elongate, slen Meo aments erect or "he ccnginpe nuts 1-3, included in a ny involucre. ery spi Staminate aments drooping: nut seated in an involucre of im- bricate seales. 2. CASTANEA. 3. QUERCUS. AGUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with elose-grained wood. Leaf- blades toothed. Staminate "up Do pendulous: calyx 4-7-lobed: flowers aie T sou bes D Plain, with the leaf-blades rounded or cordate at the base, has bee: piod ed as F. grandifolia mona Loud.) Fernald & pod 1. F. grandifolia Ehrh. Tree becoming tal, th 40 m. e bark smooth, pale: leaf- blades ovate OT ADI ovate, 5-14 cm ng: staminate aments 1-1.5 cm. in dia meter, long-peduneled: ripe involuere ovoid, 15-2 cm. T short-peduneled: nut ovoid, narrowly winged, edible. 420 FAGACEAE [F. americana | Sweet]— (BEECH. RIDGE-BEECH. RED-BEECH. m BEECH- pu EE.)—Rich or low woods and oM rU various pro N Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and N. S.—Spr.—The wood is used for tmu and Bu small articles. "The nuts are edible. CASTANEA [Tourn] Hil. Shrubs or trees, 3 vith porous wood. Da blades toothed, the teeth slender-tipped. Staminate aments elongate, spreading: calyx 6-lobed: stamens 10-20, the no greatly elongate. Pistilate flowers several: calyx 6-lobed. Staminodia present. Ovary i - ectly 6-celled. Stigmas 6, slender. diu) involuere with rigid often branching spines, including the nuts. Nuts r 3, or sometimes solitary.— r.—CHESTNUTS. CHINQUAPINS. Abou M Species, natives of the Northern emisphere. The wood is used in EUR dE and for interior finish. The seeds are edi Leaf-blades glabrous, green on both sides: nuts ied 2 or 3 in an involucre, or rarely more, flattened, at least on one side. I. DENTATAE. B permanently pubescent beneath, except in V Line he pubescence tawny or pale: nuts solitary, not flatten II, PUMILAE. I. DEN Large tree with ad coarsely sharp- Seba ee eas acuminate 2 D tata. II. o Spines of the ripe involucre comparatively slender nd long, glabrae ar i aoe d pubescent: leaf- blades eee t beneath. 2. C. pumila. ae os He ripe MEA re ouparatively stout her canescent well to the tips: leat blades felt-like beneath. 3. C. Ashei. «n tree: ves large; lades mostly 15-25 cm. with ae arse, salient, bristle-tipped teeth. 4, C. ozarkensis. herd: glabrous or nearly so beneath at maturity. ee with large leaves; blades 11-20 cm. long, some- what edd beneath at maturity. b. C. alabamensis. iuris e: m ee with small leaves; blades 7-11 ng, whe at lustrous beneath at cui 6. C. floridana. Shrub with 'elongate poderi the branches erect, gregari- ous, often forming large colonies. 1. tata (Marsh.) Borkh. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark furrowed: leaf- nae uu e or elliptic-lanceolate, 10-30 em. long, acuminate us: neck of the hy- -1 C. alnifolia. spr early sum.— The 3 species se oe way to come ex xtinet To the td of the t 1905.—C. ne lecta Dode, described as a hybrid between C. dentata and C. pumila is reported from C 2. C. pumila (L.) Mill. Shrub or small tree up y 9 m. tall, the bark smooth: leaf- FAGACEAE 421 blades obovate, oval, or elliptic, 7—14 cm. long, acute or slightly acuminate, the 1 die veins rather few and distant: ripe involueres with long slender spines t 1-1.5 em. long.—Dry sandy soil, woods and thickets, various prov- inces, Pla. 15 Tex., Tad., and N. J.—Spr. 3. | Ashei Sudw. Shrub or tree up to 10 m. tall, the bark smooth: leaf- blades a E Kd. varying to obovate, cuneate, or oblan die usually ped r and n r than in C. pumila, mostly ro unded or à ae acuminate, the lateral veins 7 no numerous ane aoe D p involucres with a tubby spines.—Dry sandy soil, woods, hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Yi. Spr r.—The form with RP "leaf. blades has been e as 'c. Margaretta Ashe. 4 C. ozarkensis Ashe. Tree up to 20 m. tall, sometimes with several stems from a common base, the trunk sometimes l m. in diameter, the bark furrowed: leaf-blades elliptic-obovate to broadly lanceolate-elliptie, 15-235 e or less acuminate, with coarse a bristle-tipped ripe in PEA b ath: 5-3.5 em. in diam ied , the spines e and densely sabes a Ca sana Ashe]—(CHINQ APIN.)— —Woods, rocky signee. and stream-banks, bid Ouachita Plateau iud adj. Coastal Plain, Miss. to La., Okla., and S Mo. —Spr. C. alabamensis Ashe. Tree up to 10 m. tall, with a SOR EAE facie bark; leaf-blades ,elliptie x varying to elliptie- Les M elliptic-oblanceola nid cur ong, rather eoarsely dentat ird bristle tipped eeth, what dis qe often ead. eattered hair s be- ath: ied involuere 2.5-3.5 em. in diame the spines pedcs Pen petis iu scent.— ( CHINQUAPIN.) —Hillsides s ode banks, Ala.—Spr. 6. C. piis „SSarg.) Ashe. Arborescent shrub with several or numerous de fro n base, up to 18 m o stems rarely over 2-3 dm. n diameter: leaf blades elliptie, v arying t oadest above the middle or below , 6-13 e Mm tely epi o See h when young, glabrous mewha t shin ing maturity, oe Mis an rather sharply toothed, the teeth bristle id: ripe involuc 2.5 em. in diame C. alnifolia floridana Sarg. Loe vo Woods and Pucmp E. Coastal Plain, Fla. to E Tex. and S Ark.—Spr. C. alnifolia Nutt. Shrub with underground stems (rootstocks) and erect bi 3 Mi dm Mi leaf-blades cuneate to lanceolate with a cuneate base, 5-15 em. long, o obtu or apiculate at the apex, wi awny or dirt 2 tomentum Pos th, the lateral ribs in 12—14 n Ras involucres 1.5— in diameter: nut solit ary, 1.5-2 cm. long. [C. a Muhl.]— (Cun AEN. Y-CHINQUAPIN —Pinelands and sandhills, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and C.—Spr QUERCUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with coarse-grained wood. Tes me entire, toothed, or lobed. Staminate aments drooping: calyx 4—7-lobed: stamens 6-12, the B pe short. Pistillate flowers dilated. Mat i solitary or several: ovary usually 3-ce stigmas 3, dilated. ature 0 lucre m saucer-like or deeper, bendi: mei the nut, or rarely enclosing it.— 0 species, natives of the Northern Hemisphere.—The wood is ex- a a in construction work, cabinct-work, and for tools and utensils. The fruits furnished an important food supply for the Indian. The white- ks and live-oaks are the more valuable kinds.—Spr., or wint. S.—OAKS. 422 FAGACEAE Fruit m E the first year: nut-shell glabrous within: seeds with the abortive PA e s at the base: leaf- blades with blünt, or merely acute or mucronate teeth 0 Leay es acinus: blades toothed or lobed :—-White-oaks. — MEI blades entire, M sometimes on Shoots n Q. nima :—Li ve-oaks. Fruit "maturing "e second year: nut-shell pubescent within: seed with the abortive ovules at or near the apex: leaf- blades. with e tipped lobes or teeth. Leaf-bla des E for undulately lobed > young shoots) or in Nos. ands 23 with a more or less lobed ee dila- tion: Oe n-nut of a globose type, small :—Laurel-oaks. Leaf-blades prominently 1 lobed, except Sane des in Q: mare landica and Q. arkansana: acorn-nut of an ovoid type: ALBAE Leaf-blades lyrate or sinuate-pinnatifid. Le ae ies glabrous beneath: acorn- cup with tubercled es Leaf-blades Du beneath or ‘sometimes glabrous in m ~ a: acorn-cup with flat or slightly thickened Leaf-blades with truncate or emarginate T P acorn-cup mostly over 15 e more than half protrud- n. o "te cup. in blades with rounded o lobes: ; corn-cup mostly less than 15 mm. wide: . nut less than half protruding from the Leaf-blades cuneate in outline, brown or yel- n a eath, the 3-7 lobes low and un Aom. peduncled : nut depressed, nearly or quite included in the loose cals cup us Scales of nc D awn- oped. thus forming a nge around t Leaf blades undulate, sinuateloped, or coarsely toothed. eaf-blades coarsely too Acorns manifestly peduncled, the peduncle shorter or longer than the petio Peduncles much longer pm the petioles: upper scales of the o mostly awn-tipped, sometimes forming a frin Peduncles about E “lon ng as the petioles or shorter: upper scales of the cup not 1 npe con- Acorn less than 2 eo ong: cup 1.5 or obtuse A ies sessile: leaf blades typically of an obovate e, with few teeth: rub or small tree. ed, a ntir ue bla des glabrous, 'at least when fully grown, pm neat acorn-cup a sa ae sometimes slightly pere at the cta: eet BR S oubesrent and white beneath: RET cup very shallow, saucer-shaped or almost like. VIRGINIANAE Stem (rootstocks) underground, the branches erect, low: plants with narrow and broad leaf-blades, the broad ones prominently sinuate or pinnately lobed. e 9o © e I. ALBAE. II. III. VIRGINIANAE. LAURIFOLIAE. IV. RUBRAE. © S 13. Q. 14. Q. Q. . alba. . Stellata. . Margaretta. . Boyntonii. lyrata. . macrocarpa. bicolor. . Prinus. . AMuhlenbergii. . montana. . prinoides. austrina. Durandi. minima. FAGACEAE Stem erect, developing into tall shrubs or trees: nearly or quite uniform leaf-blades. uo iced mo Menu rugose-reticulate : plants with cup of the Leat-blades Noe as 1gose- -reticulate: cup of the acorn hemi- are of the acorn hemi phe c or funnelform: leaves er not succulent: nut yi 15 included at the basé. Leaf- blades various, entire, not Cup of acorn a da about as dee ep wide: nut ovoid or oval-ovoid, less qian twice as long as thi "M Cup of acorn deeper than wide, somewhat mune -form: nut ellipsoid, twice as long as ick Cup of acorn saucer-shaped, nut very slightly in- cluded at the base. LAURIFOLIAE Stems underground, the e erect, usually low. Stems erect, developing into tall shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades glabrous beneath. E nc ades obovate, the margins more or less revo- u Leaf-blades linear, elliptic, middle, the margins fla Leaf-blades broadened upward and 3-lobed near the or broadest above the Acorn. -cup hemispheric: nut less, than 1 cm. ed "cup saucer-shaped: nut 1 cm. long or more. eee linear or elliptic, or somewhat cuneate, n lobed at the apex. Acorn-ca hemispheric: leaves evergreen, flat AGO -cup saucer-shaped : leaves deciduo Lea la E narrow, linear to linear-elliptic, var to M d or oblanceolate, revolute in ud gel broad: elliptic to cuneate, flat Peer abe dent Pa th. eaf-blades gray- o beneath : shallow, saucer-shaped. Leaf-blades brown-tomentose beneath : acorn-cup deep, usually hemispheric -acorn-cup very IV. RUBR HER pis green and glabrous, or merely a tufts of hair n the vein-axils beneath. Acorn: UE saucer-shaped, flat or slightly rounded at the Gup with gray scales, small, mostly less than 1.5 cm. Leaf-lobes mostly toothed: acorn-cup flat at the Leaf-lobes mostly entire: acorn-cup slightly rounded ase. Cup with ee seales, large, mostly over 2 cm. wide. Larger lobes of the leaf about equalling the body of the blade: buds red-brown ME lobes of the leaf much longer than the of the blade: buds stramineous. POPE Cen Uline ONE hemispherie, more or less con- MTM closely appressed scales: buds glab- Leaf-lobes more or less dilated and lobed at the apex: buds stramineous. Leaf-lobes narrowed at the apex and coarsely toothed : buds red-brown. 16. . Q. geminata. Q. virginiana. . Q. Chapmanii. Q. Rolfsii. 19. Q. succulenta. . Q. pumila. Q. myrtifolia. 23. Q. nigra. N 31. 32. 33. 34. 9. 30. . Q. laurifolia. . Q. Phellos. . Q. obtusa. . Q. cinerea. 28. Q. imbricaria. Q. palustris. Q. georgiana. Q. maxima. . Q. Shumardii. Q. Schneckii. Q. borealis. . Q. microcarya. 424 FAGACEAE Cup b coarse loosely appressed scales: buds pubes- ent. Leaf-blades broad-based, long-petioled ; lobes nearly or quite regular, not falcate. 35. Q. coccinea. DE narrow-based, short-petioled; lobes regular, falcate. 6. Q. laevis. Leaf-blades persistently pubescent beneath. Leaf-blades broadly cuneate in outline, more or less flab ellately dated. Acorn-cup hemispheric-turbinate, mostly over 1.5 cm wide, the tips of several rows of the inner scales pubescent, forming a kind of fringe. 37. Q. marilandica. 5 Ine the tips of the inner EM of scales ids erulent, not ER a fri e. 8. Q. arkansana. com un of large: ER R what lax scales. 39. Q. velutina. Acorn-cup of small closely appressed | - ipm g r 5 lobes ascendin ne. 40. Q. rubra. pue broadly cuneate or truncate at the lobes spreading. 41. Q. Pagoda. Larger leaf lobes triangular or delto; id. 42. Q. ilicifolia. 1. Q. alba L. Tree becoming 45 m. tall, the bark light-gray, sometim tinged ‘with red or brown, or nearly white, "with thin appressed seales: leaf. lades obovate or oval in outline, 10- 20 em. long, bright-green th above, natifid to 3-9, us ; cending narrow usually entire lobes: acorns short stalked ; saucer-shap w spheric, with the scales woody-tuber culate, ide; t ellipsoid- ovoid, 15-25 mm. lon ng.—(WHITE-OAK. TAVE-OAK.)— Woods and hillsides, various po N Fla. to Tex. Minn, Ont. Me. ~ Hybridizes wi with Q. Primis = X x9. Beadle: with Q. stellata=x Q. Ferno 2. Q. stellata Wang. Tree becoming 30 dulate notched lobes: acorns often clustered; cup hemisph at the base, 15-20 mm. wide; nut ovoid, 15-20 Sarg. ]—( T-OAK. IRON Dry sandy, eae! sterile and acid —(Pos A various provinces, N Fla. to Tex., Nebr. and Mass.—Hybridizes with Q. m tana - x Q. bernardiensis. 3. Q. Margaretta Ashe. Shrub, or tree sometimes 10 m. tall, the bark brown or reddish, ridged and ipid leaf-blades oval or iq in outline, 6-9 cm. abo long, more or less p ut AU veins beneath, sinuate or shallowly 8-5 lobed: acorn sessile o ages alked ; EUM s rbinate hemispheric, es em wide; nut ellipsoid to ovoid- ellipsoid, 12- m. long.—(SMALL POST- K.)—Sandhills and dry Er d Plin Fla. to Ala. and Ya — Hybridizes with Q. geminata=xQ. H 2 Q. Boyntonii Beadle. Shrub 1-5 m. tall, the bark gray, often tinged wn or blaek, broken into broad pet appressed scales: leaf- blades cuneate in outline, often narrowly so, 5-9 em. long, with 3-7 small FAGACEAE 425 eats lobes above the middle "d near the T queues beneath: acorn ‘sessile or nearly so; cup turbinate, 9-12 mm. wide; l or ovoid, 12—15 a long. Ro ocky soil, eae " thickets, on El. Avpalachian Valley, Ga. and Ala. nearly or wholly included E the cup.— n WAMP WHITE-OAK. WATER WHITE-OAK. WAMP POST-OAK.)—Swamps, usually along rivers, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to 1 Mo., (Ia.?) Ind., and N. J.— Hybridizes with Q. virginiana =x Q. Comptonae. 6. Q. macrocarpa Michx. Tree becoming 55 m. tall the bark brown and often red-tinged, broken into irregular plates: le af-blades obovate to spatu- late in outline, 10-30 cm. long, finely tomentose beneath the pinnate lobes, ns long- stalked; cup deep-hemispherie or globula mm. wide, the upper scales with n tips; nut subglobose or Droadiy ellipsoid, a mm. long.— (OVERCUP-OAK. Mossy-cUP OAK. BUR-OAK.)—Riech ods, Piedmont and uad ptus provinces, eee to Tex., Man., and N. ppt tea to hybridize h Q. Prinus=x Q.. Byars 7. Q. bicolor Willd. Tree sometimes ae 36 m. tall, the bark gray- brown and often red-tinged, broken in broad ridges by more or less irregular lon fissures: leaf-blades obovate to elliptic-obovate, 5-20 cm. long, coarsely toothed, usually cuneate at the base, densely white-tomentose beneath: acorns lon talke ; cup saucer-shaped or depressed-hemis ; some of t raets aaa nut ellipsoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, 20-25 mm. ved or slightly g latanoides (Lam.) Sudw.]— (SWAMP WHITE-OAK.)—Swamps, meadows, “an nd stream-banks, various provinces in Coastal Plain ers N, Ga. to Ark., Minn., and Me. 8. Q. Prinus L. Tree becoming 35 m. tall, the bark silvery white or gray, and often red-tinged, ges into thin appressed scales: leaf-blades obovate, varying to elliptic, - s . long, coarsely doa -serrate, finely tomentose beneath: acorn sessile; cup nace eeply saucer-shaped or sh allow- -hemispherie, 25— 35 mm. wide; nu A ellipsoid 2 ellipsoid-ovoid, 30— a5 mm. long. [Q. Michaux Nutt. (Cow: -OA BASKET-OAK. WAMP WHITE-OAK. eed CHESTNUT- OAK.) —Swamps, bottoms, em da hammocks, Coastal Plain and occa- s adj. province la. Tex, Mo. and N. J a ybridines with alba-xQ. Beadlei; as is a supposed hybrid with Q. macrocarpa = =x Q. Byarsi. 9. Q. Muhlenbergii Engelm. Tree become 90 m. 2 the bark silvery white and often tinged with pida , broken into loose scales: leaf-blades lanceolate to pci ug i 5—20 em. long, "dos a e, with usually somewhat i ing teeth, inutely eria beneath or E acorns sessile, or ae cu pre enn E —17 mm. wide; nu oid, 15—20 Q. ac mod P Mie chx.) Houba]—(C m NQUAPIN-O "o YELLO W-OAK.)—Cal- careous “bottoms and hillsides, various pie W Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., Vt. 10. = BaT Willd. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark reddish-brown or almost black, broken into broad rounded ridges and deep furrows: leaf- ladas PDC to oval, varying to broadest slightly above or below the 426 . FAGACEAE middle, 15-20 cm. long, coarsely crenate-serrate, MU mp. beneath: corns short-peduncled; ba Pur 4 Eo wi ovoid or DEA -ovoid, 25-35 mm. long. [Q. Prinus Du Roi not L.]—(0n ESTNUT- . "TANBARK-OAK. )—Roeky hillsides ad ps woods, various provinces, Ga. o Miss., Ont., and Me.—Hybridizes with Q. stellata =x Q. bernardiensis. Q. prinoides Willd. Shrub or tree becoming 6 m. tall, the bark brown, vith flat ridges and shallow aa leaf-blades obovate or oblane eolate, r rarely od elliptic, 5-15 em. long, coarsely toothed, cuneate or rarely funded at the base, finely gray- oue. beneath: acorns ae or nearly so; cup he emispher ie, 13-18 mm. wide; nut e ellipsoid. -ovoid, 15-25 . long.— (SCRUB CHESTNUT-OAK. DWARE mite -OAK. )—Dry sa fay. p rocky, often acid, mE various provinees, N. C. to Tex., Minn., and Me. 12. Q. austrina ers Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the bark gray or brownish- gray, more or scaly and broken into wide ridges; leaf-blades cuneate to elliptic- cuneate, 5- = long, with 3-5 blunt oe ascending, white- tomentose beneath but soon Eb Us ae green a acorns sessile or aioe stalked; n Ends o ic, 12-16 mm. wide; nut aa vid, 15-20 mm. long. [9 A pi Walt. ae woods, often. on river-bluffs, Coastal Plain, Fla. d 8. Q. Durandii Buckl. Tree becoming 16 m. tall, light-gray or nearly pis, the into thin loos ip appressed seales: leaf- blades narrowly elliptic, vary- ing to broadest ee r below the middle, 4-10 cm. long, entire or s lightly 5-lobed near the a 2 05 whitish- tomentose Tenet pale: green above: acorns peed Saale cup Mac shallow s mm. wide, thin-sealy ; nut ovoid r somewhat depressed, Paus 10 ong.—(BASTARD WHITE-OAK. PIN- OAK. WHITE- OAK.)— pid unb. mostly ealeareous, Coastal Plain, Ga. fo Tex. and Ark Q. minima (Sarg.) Small. Shrub, with underground stems, the branches less than 1 m. tall, the bark ips own, either pa = or pd leaf- blades obovate r sometimes elliptie or oblanceolate in outline, 3—10 . long, g cela - id d Tir d beneath ín -toothed or iios of the upper lea s solitary or several on a peduncle; cup hemispheric, aboni 15 mm. wi wide; um ovoid or bra 15- mes mm, lon Q. virens a Chapm. Q. virginiana minima Sarg. Q. ana dentata Sarg. ]— ( SCRUB- OAK. DWARF-LIVE-OAK. )—Flat pinelands, ‘Coastal Plain, Fla. to S ae and Ga. 15. Q. geminata Small. Shrub, m. tall with trunk usually curved: leaf-blades narrowly elliptic, "olipii, or elliptic-oblanceolate, 3—6 em. long, entire, revolute, very stiff, De dein in. tomentose be- neath: aeorns usually 2 at the end of a alk; eup t ics about 10 mm. wide; a nut ibn or narrowly oval, 10-17. mm. long. [Q. virens maritima Chapm.]— LIVE-OAK. SCRUB LIVE-OAK.)— Sandy hammo a scrub, oe sand: oe Coastal an Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Hybridizes with Q. "Mar gar -xQ.H Q. virginiana Mill. Tr ds with pe trunk and wide- micans branches, betont 30 m. tall, the bark brown gray, broken into piii dad pid by to obova oblan e Pr em. long, entire, except sometimes on shoots, slightly EU above, pale beneath: poscis solitary, or spicate on peduncles; cup oe ae mm. wide; nut ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, 20-25 mm. long, more than twice as long as the cup. [Q. virens Ait. M E OAK. een: ds and iun. Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va. I., Mez.)—Hy- FAGACEAE 427 bridizes with Q. iyrata-x Q. Comptonae.—Q. Andromeda Ridd. differs in its smooth leaf- bts des whieh are veinless on both sides.— The rough bark furnishes a favorite anchorage for ‘‘air-plants’’ and many species of them may be found on it in the more southern latitudes. The spread of the branches is, often, much greater than the height of the tree. 17. Q. his pcd Sarg. Shrub, or tree becoming 15 m. tall the bark brown, sometimes rather pale, broken into aps pc "Jeaf-blades obovate or elliptic, or somewhat cuneate, 5-10 cm. long, sinuately 3-lobed near the apex, or merely undulate, sparingly ee ones th, lustrous above: acorn e or nearly so; cup dod i e 15-20 mm. wide; nut void. oval ovoid, e is ong. [Q.. e E dica. Ma ur J—(CHAPMAN’S-OAK. ScRU oS ee hammock rub, Coastal Plain, Fla te S. MINES as var a on the Rd ides abo Port pedem Flo lorida, resembles Q. bi eal but it has thick-edged acorn- cups. It may represent another specie 18. Q. Rolfsii Small. Shrub, or small tree 7 m. tall, with hard rigid branches, the bark brown, scaly: leaf- "blades cuneate, 2.5-6 cm. long, mostly 3-lobed at the apex, or sometimes 5-lobed, bright- Min oe us and finely reticulate bo pale and thinly stellate- -pubescent t ben acorns usually in pairs at the ends of short peduneles: cup hemisphe E stout pai about 1.5 . em. broad; nut pup E n5 d broadest 3d the middle, 2—2.5 em. long, about ia included in cup.—(ROLFS’-OAK. SCRUB-OAK. \— Hammocks, and scrub, lower E coast, r3 Q. succulenta Small. Shrub, mostly about 1 m. tall, with soft, partly Bb. spreading. branches, the ba rk brownish, slightly scaly: le af-blade es linear to cuneate, fleshy-coriaceous, 2—4.5 cm. long, entire or with 3—5 slightly : h. ; : spinescent lobe-like teeth, smooth and glabrous above Eo pe beneat ns peduneled; cup saucer-shaped, 3-4 mm. high, broad; nut d conic, 1-1.5 cm. long, only the very "base included 1 in the cup.— ands, S pen. Fla. 20. pa pumila Walt. Shrub with underground stems, the branches 3-6 dm. ta sometimes taller: ous oo ipie narrowly e n varying to ue or oblanceolate, ong, more or less mentose be- neath, entire, os night reped: acorns sessile or m sO; cup saucer-shaped, sometimes deeply so, 12-15 mm. wide; nut ovoid, 10-15 mm. lon pigs iei -OAK. )— Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C. . myrtifolia Willd. Shrub, or tree becoming 6 m. tall, the bark brown, 00 r somewhat furrowed: leaf-blades obovate or oval, -5 em. long, entire, evergreen, shiny above ^ ull beneath: acorn sessile nearly so; cup i 1 mm. wide; ; : Chapm.]— ha mocks, se crub, ied sand-ridges, Coastal Plain, Fla. to [e bes S. C.—Supposed - to us h Q. —xQ. oviedoensis.—An ent form of this Species fro lake foin of Florida, with larger at Toad ed leaf- blades, has bo deseribed as Q. inopina Ashe. 22. Q. microcarya Small Shrub, or tree becoming 5 m. tall, the bark brown, often any fissured and sealy: leaves deciduous; blades broadly spatulato in outline, 5-10 em. long, undulate or shallowly lobed, Nds in the vein-axils = UN ay sessile; cup deep saucer-shape wide; nut yore oid, 8-9 . long, n early lo in the cup.— — Granite socio along streams or SEE Little § B uc Mt. on the Piedmont, Ga. 428 FAGACEAE 23. Q. a L. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark gray or blackish, or tinged with red, broken into appressed s cales: leaves deciduous northwar d, partly d southward; blades spies late to spatulate or rhombic in r ine, ety ui entire and sometimes wiih a dilated te rminal lobe, or R AK. un DUCK-OAK. POSSUM-OAK.)— Sandy soil, swamps, oblanceolate, 6-20 cm. long, mainly En E softly brown- FAGACEAE 429 tomentose beneath: acorns short-talked; IP ea Ripe 15-20 mm. wide; nut ovoid or subglobose, 10-15 m DAR eno AK.)—Dry rich 0005 pn provinces, of Coastal ES Ga. to Ark, N ebr., and Pa.; also SE N. Y. and E Mass.—Hybridizes with 9. marilandica = x Q. tridentata. 29. Q. palustris Du 2 Tree becoming 6 m. tall, the rbd branehes re- xed, the bark grayish-brown o r light- boxes rather smooth except for small i leaf- ee broadly oval, m g to ovate or obovate in n outline, 6-15 . long, merely pubescent in the in axils Da. deeply pinnatifid, the ym oblong. lanceolate, or triangul acorns short- ET ae saucer- shaped, -l4 mm. Ri, ide; nut d -ovoid, -15 long.—(SwAMP SPANISH-OAK. PIN-O WA = R SPANISH AR.) — —Woo ds ‘ond swamps, vari- ous pees rare in S ascia Tenn. to Okla., Kans., Mich., Pa., and Mas . Q. geo rgiana M. A. Curtis. Shrub, or tree pesotung 8 m. tall, the bark or the vein-axils pubescent Digest EEE, the lobes triangular or ovate: o sessile or short-stalk ed; cup saucer-shape an ovoid subglobose, 10-14 Gr foe RGIA-OAK. ped NE E Mou ie mm. long.—( Granito and E ridges, Piedmont, Ga. and Ala — Hybridizes with Q. marilandica =x Q. Smallii. 31. Q. maxima (Marsh.) Ashe. Tree becoming 50 m. tall, the lower branches spreading, the bark brown ultimately with I d _Tidges s with x e oh plates: leaf-blades oval, varying from ovate to obov in outline "20 e ong, T tufts of hairs in the vein- ae boc. E 5-7- lobod, pus red n fall, the lobes ascending, the sinuses rounded: acorns e stalked; ; eup saucer- Shape, 25-35 mm. wide; nut ovoid, 25-30 mm. long. [Q. a Du Roi] —(RED-OAK.)—Woods and bluffs, various provinces, N Fla. to Okla., and Minn., and N. $8. 32. Q. Shumardii Buckl. Tree becoming 65 m. tall, the bark reddish-brown, Eer ridged and somewhat scaly: eaf-blades oval, varying to obovate in outline, 6-20 cm. long, with tufts of hairs in the vein-axils beneath, pin- nately 5 7-lobed, "the lobes ascending, elliptic or triangular, the sinuses corn short-stalked or nearly sessile; cup saucer-shaped, 20—30 ms often caleareous, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, N Fla. to Tex. and Ia Q. Schneckii Britton. Tree nearly simil o Q. Shumard4á in habit d foliage: acorn sessile or slightly stalked, ae by the constricted base of the cup; cup turbinate or hemispheric, 20-30 mm. wide, the scales thin or thinnish, appressed; nut ovoid, 20-30 mm ers .—NW oods, stream- banks, aa hillsides, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. to Tex., Okla., and Ohi 34. Q. borealis Michx. f. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the bep eed often red-tinged, with o. scaly plates: leaf-blades m ainly oval to elliptic in out- 20 em. lon A mostly 15— ng, gla idu pinnately 7—13-lobed, the ree as long e body or longer: aea iid alked; eup turbinate, 14—18 mm. wide; m E commonly 18-2 ong.— (Gnar-on -0AK.)—Woods and ‘hillsides, Has Blue Ridge and more eee proces N. C. to Ont., Que., and N. S. been ied from Ark. 35. Q. coccinea Wang. Tree becoming 50 m. tall, the bark brown, with o pose and sealy ridges: leaf-blades o val, varying to ellipt ie or obovate in outline, 10-20 cm. long, glabrous, exe the tufted vein-axils ,430 FAGACEAE beneath, or with these sometimes nearly or quite hairless, bright-red in Re pin- nately. 5-7- lobed, the lobes id PE acorn sessile E short-stalked ; adl eup broadly or shallowly p. , 19-20 mm. wide, more or less d ed at the base; nut ovoid or ellipsoid -ovoid, mos tly 10-20 m ae ng.— (SCARLET- OAK. SPANISH-OAK. RED-OAK.)—Dry woods and hillsides, various provinces, Ga. to Nebr., Ont., and Me. Q. laevis Walt. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the bark gray or bluish- A m prominent ridged and broken into thick scales or blocks: leaf-blades elliptie to in outline, 9—20 cm. long, glabrous, except the tufted vein axils Pea prm veiny, reen both sides, deeply pinnate-lobed, red in fall, the lobes elliptic, ovate, or usually lanceolate, often curved: acorn _Short-stalked; cup broadly turbinate, puse m rather flat, 25-30 mm. wide with incurved scales; nut ovoid, 20—25 mm. loge. [Q. Catesbaei Miehx J (SAND BLACK-JACK. URKEY-OAK. FORKED-LEAF. SCRUB-OAK.)— p ry e and acid sand-ridges, Coastal Plain and rarely Piedmont, Va.—Hybridizes with Q. cmerea=xQ. Ashe; with Q. rubr i uf. NR with Q. laurifolia = x Q. Mellichampi; with Q. nigra x Q. Walteriana. 37. Q. marilandica Muench. Tree becoming 20 m. tall the bark iini brown or nearly blaek, broken into vi imd Pe or blocks very rough leaf-blades broadly or na rrowly obovate in outl 8-17 cm. long, 3-5- lobed ith ingle dilated iter minal lobe, bro ae uber. 'benea i ped sessile or short-stalked; cup turbinate or arc urs 6—20 wide; nut subglobose or ovoid, 10-20 mm. long. [Q. a L.]— (BLACR- JACK. BARREN-OAK, IRON-OAK. SCRUB-OAK.)—Dry clayey Toky soil, vari- ous provinces, d Blue Ridge, » E to Tex Minn S CY Hybridizes with Q. cinerea=xQ. rolinensis; with Q. po es x Q. Smallu; with Q. P cd = X e tr pie with 9. velutina =x Q. Bushii; with Q. ” Phellos = x Q. Rudkin . Q. A ues Sarg. Tree sometimes with crooked trunk becoming 15 m. > ual, k gray, brown, or nearly pe with long "uud wed ridges: leaf- blades o. rhombic-cuneate or rh mbie -obovate, 6-15 cm. long, broadly 3-lobed near the apex, deep-green Se slightly ee Ah beneath, glabrous at aped n dh the baited vein-axils bru E slender. wid petioled: pede sessil early so; cup saucer-shaped, e; n ovoid, 10-15 lon n tQ. caput rivuli Ashe) Sandy 7 river aen buffs and amok. Coastal Plain, W Fla. to Ark 39. Q. velutina Lam. Tree becoming 50 m. tall the bark dark-brown or nearly blaek, the broad eae with aera scales: leaf-blades m or obovate in outline, 10-30 cm. long, usually rusty-pubescent beneath, pinnately lobed, the lobes coarsely | bristle. toothed: acorn a Or nearly S0; cup turbinat or hemi ispheri ne rbin 20— E mm. long. [Q. t ahs Bartr. Q. coccinea tinctoria A. Gray ee OAK. YELLOW-BARKED OAK. Quencimnos, oH a Dry, prp Sen or rocky oi, various provinces, N Fla, to E Tex., Ont., and Hybridizes with Q. Phellos =x Q. dubia; with 9. eva x vm podophylla v petiolaris Ashe); with. Q. mau dca xQ. Bus 40. Q. ru ues L. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, the bark blackish with broad scaly ridges: leaf-blades ovate or oval in outline, finely tomentose with yellowish- innatifid a j i om B LE tg ta 2 d e £o ES FÉ rg oe A o o «1 © 99 H © BE g Qu e Sm UE .8 un eg o ni on rh un [e] 2 : aring or scyth shaped | m Sprang and 3-lobed at the apex in Q. rubra triloba), turning br : acorn short-stalked; cup flat- aa or saucer-shaped above the. turbinate bs ase, 15-18 mm. wide; nut subglobose, 10-15 mm. long. [@. falcata. Michx. Q. triloba Michx. Q. digitata (Marsh.) Sudw.]—(REp-oAK. A aeee g )—Dry woods, often in acid soil, Coastal Plain and. occasionally URTICACEAE 431 adj. np C Fla. to Tex. Mo., Ind., —Hybridizes with Q. laevis x Q. bluft onensis ; with Q. Phellos = "ns SEE] ; with Q. cinerea ex. subintegra. . Q. Pagoda Raf. Tree becoming 32 m. tall the bark blackish or gray- i da ips with plate-like seales: leaf- blades oval to ine in outline, 15-30 em. long, persistently white-tomentose, pinnatifid abov uneate or Dac qe into 5—13 lanceolate or narrowly triangula ibe a rn sessile or nearly so; cup Ss bist. or saucer-shaped above the turbinate base, wee mm. D E I about 10 mm. long. [Q. pagod oF (Ell) Ashe]—(SPANI P SPANISH-OAK.)— Woods, river bottom and river- SC CET Plain and pus Piedmont, Fla. to Ark., Mo., and Va. 42. Q. ilicifolia Wang. Shrub rather intricately branched, or tree becoming 7 m. tall,the bark brown, smooth except for small scales: leaf-blades obovate or oval in outline, 6-12 em. long, with white or pale-gray tomentum beneath, pinnatifid into 3-5 triangular or deltoid lobes: acorns short- stalked. or nearly E ü ru saucer-shaped, flat at the base or sometimes constricted, 14—18 lon ; nut ovoid- joe or depressed, e 15 y a sat Q. Él (Marsh). Sar £.]—(BEAR-OAK. BLACK SCRUB-OAK.)—A eid sandy or rocky ek especially in pine barrons and on bare 20 Disc D. various prov- , S. C. to Ky., Ohio, and Me. OnbpER URTICALES — URTICAL ORDER rubs or trees, or herbs. Leaves alternate, or in the case of herbs often opposite: blades simple, entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers vari- ous, not in aments. Calyx present. Corolla wanting. Androecium often of as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoecium of a single carpel or of 2 united carpels. Fruit an achene, a samara, a drupe, a syncarp, or a syconium. Fruit E cH the achenes sometimes in the accrescent sepals and forming a Flowers not on a receptacle: fruit not a syncarp: pps neither thick and juicy nor enveloping achen Style or. 'stigma 1: the latter Wes e tufted : ovule erect : filaments inflexed in the bud. Fam. 1. URTICACEAE. Styles or stigmas 2: ovule ae. filaments erect in the bud. am. 2. CANNABINACEAE. Flowers on the outside or inside of a receptacle: fruit a syncarp or syconium: sepals accrescent, en- veloping the achene. Fam. 3. ARTOCARPACEAE. Fruit a samara or a drupe, sometimes nut-like. Fam. 4. ULMACEAE Faminy 1. URTICACEAE — Nerte FAMILY Herbs or shrubby plants, often with stinging hairs. Leaf-blades entire, toothe a or uon lobed. Flowers dioecious, monoecious, o polyg yx of 2-5 distinct or partially united Sepals. > BS eu EI "eB ="O B d [e SiS B - » pd o pee] Rn. 09. m [t9] ie) — ium arpel. achene.—About 40 genera and 550 species of wide geo graphie Rem tion.—Our species have greenish or greenish-white, inconspicuous flowers. Sepals d the pistillate flowers distinct or slightly united: achene not invested by e ca Flowers not inv Pistillate flow ers with a calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Tribe E Pistillate flowers with a calyx e = sepals. Tribe it PILE Flowers or flower-clusters involucra Tribe III. PARIBTANHAE: 492 J URTICACEAE Sepals of the pistillate flowers united: calyx-tube invest- ing the achene. Tribe IV. BOEHMERIEAE. I. UREREAE Stigma subulate, not tufted: ovary and achene oblique. 1. URTICASTRUM. Stigma tufted: ovary and achene equilateral. 2. URTICA. II, PILEAE Sepals yn the pistillate pick nearly equal, all slightly broad- ened or hooded e 3. ADICEA. Sepals at the pistillate flowers very unequal, the larger one helmet-like, 4. PILEA. II. PARIETARIEAE Diffuse flimsy herbs with soft watery stems and leaves. D. PARIETARIA. IV. BOEHMERIEAE Flowers monoecious, in glomerules on branches: leaves opposite. | 6. BOEHMERIA. Flowers dioecious, in axillary or lateral compound clusters : leaves alternate. . RAMIUM. 1. URTICASTRUM Fabr. Perennial herbs with stinging hairs. Leaves alternate: blades toothed. Pistillate flowers with a calyx of 5 sepals and an oblique ovary.—About 25 species mostly o tropical regions. 1. U. divaricatum (L.) Kuntze. Stem 2-12.dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, ovate- orbicular, or elliptic, 5-20 em. long, long- petioled: panicles "'Sprea ading, the lower staminate, the upper ace taps ob- long, or broader in the pis wers: achene DE iren 3 mm. in eens exserted.— (W TTLE. CANADA-NETTLE. NETTLE-PATCH. )— Rich woods and bottoms, various provinces, Fla. to Kans., d N. S.—Sum. 2. URTICA [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial often coarse herbs with stinging hairs. Leaves opposite: blades toothed or incised-lobed. Pistillate flowers with a calyx of 4 distinct sepals and an equilateral ovary.—About 30 species of Wide geographic distribution. NETTLES. Annual: flower-clusters simple. Leaf- — incised-toothed, the upper ones but little re- duc . U. urens. Leaf- Dad crenate-dentate, the upper ones much reduced. 2. U. chamaedryoides. Perennial: flower-clusters compound. Stems it api ced bristly : Heus more than half the breadth of the leaf-blad 3. U. gracilis. Stems CR ns petioles less than half the breadth of the leaf-blades 4. U. dioica. 1. U. urens L. Stem and branches 1—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades oval, elliptic, or ovate, 14 em. long, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, incised, the teeth URTICACEAE . 433 acute; petioles 35 as long as the blades, or more: achene about 2 mm. iuc m od foc ETTLE. various provinces, Fla. to Calif., Sor Y, and Newf.—Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.)—S8 —fall. 2. chamaedryoides Pursh. em and branches 1-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate- hickets, Coastal Plain and adj. modus. | Fla. to Tex, Ark, and Ky.— r.-sum.. acilis Ait. Stem 6-28 dm. tall: ee blades lanceolate, occasionally med so, 6-15 cm. long, ned serrate: sepals hi [is lous: achene fully 1 mm. long.— (TALL WILD-NETTLE.) — e-rows and river-banks, mire provinces, N. C. to La., B. C;, Ont., ee fall. 4, pega L. aad bmi dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3—1 ong, pro ntly incised-serrate, cordate, sometimes: deeply so: V. ae chiepidalous: ener fully 1 mm. long.—(STINGING-NETTLE. Um Md a and Mic ha various provinces, S. C. to Mo., Minn., and N. S.— Nat. of Eu.—Sum.—fal 3. ADICEA Raf. Annual or perennial erect succulent herbs. Leaves inly opposite: blades toothed, 3-ribbed. Flowers dioecious. Sepals of the vistillata flowers 3, nearly equal, slightly broader and more or less hooded at the a j tigma tufted.—One species in the United ps perhaps others in tropical Americ 1. A. pumila (L.) Raf. Stem 1-7 dm. tall, translucent, watery: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic, 3- 10 em ong, coarsely crenate- CHURLE-HEMP. 0- TING. COOLWEED:)—Moist ae and cool __ shaded places, various provinees, Fla. to La., Minn., and N. H.—Sum.-fall. 4. PILEA Lindl. Depressed, often creeping, succulent herbs. Leaves mainly: alternate: blades entire, l-ribbed. Flowers monoecious. Sepals of the pistillate flowers 3, very unequal, 2 of them flat, the thir rd one much larger, helmet-like, often enclosing the achene. Sema tufted.—About 200 species, mostly tropieal. dic E sessile in the leaf-axils or nearly so, very short: plants mostly monoe- Leaf-blades Ver icular to oval-orbicular or ee less than twice as long: as wide,. long-petioled. . P. herniarioides. Leaf-blades elliptic, viene AL or obovate, over twice ong as wide,. short-petioled. 2. P. microphylla. 434 URTICACEAE ee stalked and elongate, becoming as long as the r nearly so: plants mostly dioecious. 3. P. serpyllifolia. 1. P. herniarioides (Sw.) Lindl. Stem and Toa filiform, prostrate or decumbent, 3-10 em. long: leaf-blades 2—4 lon ng, obtuse at the apex, very thin at least when dry, transversely rink maller iri yd Pip ng: achene oben ovoid, 0.4 Hammocks, S pen. Fla. ud Florida Keys — (W. I.) 2. P. microphylla (L.) Liebm. Stem and branches spreading or creeping, 2-15 em. ng: leaves; and flower-clusters not crowded; blades 2-6 mm. long, acute or acutish: "smaller Wii mostly d (ied 0.6 mm. long.— ish or pink: ach 0.5—0.6 Pinelands and Jona pen. Fla. a the Keys.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) 3 P. serpyllifolia (Poir) Wedd. Stem and branches erect, becoming diffuse, 3 dm. long or cies thick and succulent: leaves, and flower- clusters, pers blades pudiqis to elliptic-obovate or when dr cuneate, 3-8 mm dee Rs , thick a firm ry: smaller icd .ovate, greenish: hene ahs e 0.5 lon mmus. PLANT pm —Pin lands and waste- ies pen. Fla. mne "res p of Mex.—(W. i, Mex., C. A., S. A.) 5. PARIETARIA [Tourn] L. Annual or perennial imsy succulent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire. Flowers polygamous, in clustered involuerate axillary cymes, the involueres of 2—6 mo i Or es united bracts. Stigma tufted.—About 7 species, widely distributed.— Plant annual, with fibrous roots : stem and branches finely or minutely pubescent. Leaf- E ades ER longer raon wide, mostly 1-6 cm. ac over 1 mm. long. ene ladas of an ovate or elliptic type, relatively long-petiol 1. P. floridana. Leaf-blades of a lanceolate type, relatively short- p 2. P. pennsylvanica. iu cis mostly a S wide as long or wider, mostly 0.5 achene “leas than 1 mm, wide. 3. P. nummularia. eunt t perennial, with Es ng woody roots, and with somewhat and bran ccs coarsely Te scene 4. P. officinalis. floridana Nutt. Stems 1-5 dm oe usually iei often mueh Bode 2 blades bos to subrhombie 0.5-5 cm. long: sepals acute: achene ovoid, —Ham and ei shaded i Coastal Plain, EN to Tex. and N. C.—(W. I.) 2. derbi Muhl. Stems 1—4 dm sepals and ns. Pistillate spikes leaf- blades lanceolate is ae or some- times broader, 1-6 cm. long, a or acumi- nate at the base: sepals acute: puo oval, den lmm.long.—(HAMMERWORT. PELLI- Y.) —Dry, often Re Tanke, or woods, uns provinees, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Me. nummularia Small Stem usually NN at base, the branches becoming assurgent or prostrate, mostly 1-3 dm. long: URTICACEAE 435 leaf-blades reniform, to rhombic-orbicular or orbicular-ovate, obtuse, A long-petioled: sepals abruptly pointed: achene E Tae dos H et sandy soil, often in hammocks, E an pis en. Fla umerous very Sali leaves gives this Pn the aspect of a mall- ill E oe of this species and those of P. floridana have pence Bean referred to the New Zealand P. debilis. 4. P. officinalis L. Stem bei yee ie the base, hirsute: leaf-blades ovate, sometimes. idc more or less acuminate at the apex, petioled: sepals w am e ‘ovoid, ~ mm. long.—Sandy pinelands, old fields, and E pen. Fla. Nat of Eu. 6. BOEHMERIA Jacq. Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite: blades Boones, often 3-ribbed. Flowers mone IOUN in clusters on _ branches, the Achene included in the a accrescent calyx.—About 50 species mostly in tropical regions.— The plants produce a fiber valuable for weaving into dcl LES Legf-blades leathery, finely serrate; petioles much shorter than the blades. 1. B. Drummondiana. E o relatively thin, coarsely serrate ; petioles as long blades or little shorter. Main pair of lateral nerves arising at the base of the leaf- . 2. B. cylindrica. Main Da ‘of lateral nerves arising some distance above the base of the leaf-blade. 3. B. decurrens. Drummo gie e dd. Stems 2-12 dm. tall, typically rough-pubescent: leat blade S eum ov to elliptie-ovate, or the lower ones orbicular to reni- form, 2-5 c . lon bog or rarely larger, short- petioled: flow er-clusters mostly c contiguous: inflorescence- brane hes short: achene mostly about 1.5 mm. “wide, [B. scabra (Porter) Small] — (Boa P.) — Swamps grounds and i munere various Boone) Fla. to Tex., Kans., Mich., and Con 2. B. cylindrica (L.) Willd. Stems 7 dm. tall, typically smooth and glabro leaf-blades pliable, ovate to lanceolate, 3 2 em. ] -petioled: mostly separate: inflorescence- ru ches elongate: achene mostly about : wide. — (BUTTON-HEMP. ka s and moist shaded places, m are Fla. to Tex., Minn., Que Me.—-Although closely ee some of our stinging-nettles jn habit, m amd: is devoid of stinging-hairs 3. S Small. Stem 7—12 dm. tall, typically smooth and glabrous leaf- "blades Is pan late to ovate- “lanceolate, 10-18 em. long, sparsely Mund beneath; petioles relatively slender: flower-clusters mainly e NM achenes fully 1. d mm. wide.—Sandy, usually low or moist places, N Fla 7. RAMIUM pasa Perennial shrubby plants. Leaves alternate: blades toothed. Flowers dioecious, in axillary or lateral compound clusters with slender branches, ps pistillate with 4 united sepals enelosing the ovary. 436 CANNABINACEAE Stigma elongate. Achene included in the little changed calyx.—Few species, mostly Asiatic. 1. R. niveum (L.) Small. Stem and s more or less woody, 1-3 m. tall: ,t dens a white dieses cent: achene about mm. DE [Boehmeria nivea (L.) Ga taj —( RAMIE. )— Waste places, cult. E S. C. Nat. of Asia. Famity 2. CANNABINACEAE — Hemp FAMILY Annual or Dd often eoarsely pubescent herbs. Leaves oppo site or sometimes alternate: blades toothed, lobed, or divided. Flow don. the pistillate in bracted spikes, with an entire perianth, nd. a an ynoecium of 2 united earpels, the ovary l-e rui achene.— Two genera and about 4 species of the Northern oee Stem twining: leaf-blades usually 3-lobed : fruit a drooping con 1. HUMULUS. Stems erect : leaf-blades 3-7- -parted : fruit spicate on stiff branches. 2. CANNABIS. HUMULUS L. Perennial vines. Leaves opposite: blades serrate or et Pistillate flowers 2 together in droop- ing spikes which become cone-like at maturity. —Two or 3 species widely distributed in the north temperate zone.—HoPs lc H. L. Stem and bra pubescent with pd a, re ades o diameter, 3—6-lobed and. Sa e ei serrate: mature pistillate spikes 3-8 cm. long, dis or cylindric: achene d m n diameter.—(Hor.)—Grown for the bitter "hops—the fruits—which ie Pad in brewing.—Thickets, fence- A and waste- places, various provinces, Fla. to Ariz., Wis., and N. S. Nat. of Eurasia.—Sum. 2. CANNABIS [Tourn] L. Annual coarse herbs. Leaves opposite or sprees blades digitately divided. Pistil- "A ate flowers solitary, bracted, spieate at m m E by the following enl only.—HEMPS 1. C. sativa L. Stem 1-4 m. tall, rough- pubescent, the inner bark tough: ades cm ivisi -— — blades 4-15 . lon divisions sat linear or linear-lanceolate, serrate, acumi- ate: t pistillate spikes leafy- bracted: ache A ng. (Hemp. HANGMAN'S-HEMP.)— —Waste-places and ip eae various porius Si -: Tenn. Kans., Minn, and B. Asia. Ao — Hemp is Peel both. bes ARTOCARPACEAE 437 its fiber which is made into cloth and cordage, and as a source of a narcotic drug—hashish. Famity 3. ARTOCARPACEHAE — MULBERRY FAMILY Shrubs or tre he sap milky. — es mostly alternate: blades equilateral, n Wu md or lobed. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, in ament-like spikes or sed i NUN the staminate wit stamens, the pistillate with a calyx of 3-5 sepa hieh greatly enlarge and su d or enve the achene: gynoecium of united carpels; styles or stigmas n syconium.—Ab genera and 1000 species, natives of tropical and Sii regions.—Our species have flowers with a green or greenish calyx ungere i dn pistillate flowers on the outside of a receptacle: style or stigma ter- Stig as 2, short: pistillate spike cylindric Tribe MORE Stigma solitary, elongate: pistillate ‘spike | g lobos Tribe iE PATLICAN: Staminate and pistillate flowers on the inside of a oade: style lateral. Tribe III. FICEAE. I. MOR Widely branched shrubs and trees, the pies spikes becoming succulent, white, pink, purple, or nearly black. 1. MORBUS. II. Pap E EE spikes cylindric: achene O a. "Jeaf-blades toothed or lo 2. PAPYRIUS. Staminate spikes globose: achene deeply imbedded: leaf-blades entir 3. TOXYLON. III. FICEAE Shrubs and trees with milky sap, often producing copious aerial roots. 4. Ficus. 1. MORUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with ed bark. is decid- uous: blades commonly serrate, sometimes lobed. Sta e flowers cylin drie spikes, with 4 sepals and 4 stamens. Pistillate iios cylindric: us 4, the lateral ones larger than the others: stigmas 2, short. Fruit KM. the achenes included in the calyx.—About 10 species, natives of the northern hemisphere.— The inner = furnishes a fiber that has been used ou pre- historie times.—MULBERR eel white or pinkish. 1l. M. alba. Syncarp black at maturity. 2. M. nigra. Leaf blades softly pubescent beneath. 3. M. rubra. ' 1. M. alba L. Tree 5-12 m. tall, with sparingly pubescent twigs: leaf-blades ovate to oval or Aes 2 6-20 em. long, becoming glabrous beneath: staminate spikes 1—2 . lo P fruit E globose Me ovaLoblong, T 2 em. long, white or pin HITE- MULBERRY.) — — Road- sides, fields anl thickets, various Pm Ga. to ban Minn. and Me. Nat. of Eu. Spr.- 2. M. nigra L. Shrub, or tree sometimes becoming 8 m. tall, with pubescent twigs: leaf-blades ovate, 4—15 em. long, abruptly short-pointed, becoming glabrous, but usu- ally rough above: staminate spikes 1—2 cm. fruits oval-oblon 2 ong, — (BLACK-MULBERRY ce- rows, roadsides and ste s er provinees, Fla. to Tex. anon! Te t. of Eurasia.—Spr. 438 ARTOCARPACEAE M. rubra L. Tree becoming 20 m. pe with early glabrous twigs: leaf- blades ovate to oval or abs ovate, 6-20 ¢ m softly pubescent beneath: staminate spikes 4-8 ong: fruit cylindrie m. lo eep-red or purplish. ( Ren- Co. )—Rich woods and re Map p Fla. to Tex., S. D., Ont., and Vt.—Spr.—Perhaps two s are i e z R , pec Invo M. rubra as zi pA pus The plants of Florida, especially those Bon the southern part of the State, have thieker, more copiously veiny, and mo ore n nsely ci tiu leaf’ blade es than in the more northern plants. The frui too, is drier, more compact, and more spicy in flavor than that of the northern plant. In Florida the mulberry is largely confined to the sites of abor riginal activity. Trees extend well to the Cape Sable r region. They are always deciduous, while the host of associates are evergreen. The fibrous inner bark was used by the aborigines for clothing and for making other objects. 2. PAPYRIUS Lam. Trees with smooth bark. Leaves deciduous: blades serrate, often lobed. Staminate flowers in cylindric spikes, with 4 sepals an stamens. Pistillate. spi w globose: calyx 4-lobed: stigma 1, elon ngat Fruit globular, each achene biu nd from the det calyx.—Four species, siatic. papyrifera (L.) Kuntze. Tree re- 1. Pu. the red-mulberry in habit, some- times 15 m. tall, with hirsute-tomentose ate S provinces, Fla. to Mo. and N. Y. Nat. of Asia.—Spr.—The inner bark iN. both paper and cloth. 3. TOXYLON Raf. —— or trees, with furrowed bark. Leaves de- eiduous: blades entire. Staminate s in globose raceme-like spikes, with 4 sepals and 4 stamens. Pistiliat spikes globose: sepals 4, the ee ones en than the se stigma 1, elongate. Fruit globose, achenes deeply imbedded.— oe by the following species only: 1. T. pomiferum e Shrub, or tree be- coming 20 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate, ovate- oe or ie -lanceolate, 4- ng, acumin -WOOD.)—W oo Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Tex. and Mo.; also nat. in Atlantic formerly used by some Indian tribes for making bows. It is now used for objeets where strength ae oa are needed. The bark P the roots yields a yellow dye.—Lat ARTOCARPACEAE 439 4. FICUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs, trees, or vines, with smoothish bark. Leaves mainly persistent: blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers in hollow receptacles, the staminate with a calyx of 2-6 sepals, or these obsolete, and 1-2 or rarely 3 stamens. Pistillate flowers numerous: style rather long: ies clavate, peltate, or 2-lobed. Fruit depressed- globular or elongate, the Ll ineluded.—A bout 600 species, natives of tropical and warm regions.—Fia Leaf-blades entire, smooth and Vixbronss fruit glabrous, 1-2.5 cm ne I. AUREAE. a lobed, very scabrous- -pubescent : fruit pubescent, 4-8 cm lon II. CARICAE. I. AUREAE Fruit globose, spheroidal or obovoid: lateral veins of the leaf- blades few and separated. Fruits Ee: Jeaf- hades usually narrow-based. . F. aurea. Fruits peduncled : leaf-blades usually broad-based. 2. F. brevifolia. . Fruit oblong: lateral veins of the leaf-blades very numerous and close together 3. F. elastica. II. CARICAE Shrub with many stems or a small tree, with coarsely pubescent : foliage. 4. F. Carica. 1. F. aurea Nutt. Shrub, often starting as a vine, or tree becoming 20 m. tall with glabrous twigs: leaf- on ii ie or oval, 3-10 cm. long, acute hort-acuminate at the bas fru spheroidal or obovoid, about a i i eter. — (GOLDEN-FIG. ST Hammocks, S pen. and Florida Keys — eedling plants are epiphytic They emit aerial roots which coalesce and ally ‘‘strangle’’ the t. roo and branches rm a terrestria M : ded tree which may in turn ‘‘strangle’’ self. F. brevifolia Nutt. Shrub, or tree 1 sometime m. tall, with glabrous twigs: eaf-blades ovate-oval or rarely obovate, 3— long, mainly rounded or dip at the base: fruit subglobose, 2-2.5 e diameter. [F. po i ie d E Wan. G. WILD- BANYAN.) — Ham and e EA rarely in pin En ‘Brerglade, Reps 8, a Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.)— oo seedlings of this fig are also epiphytic. The aerial roots may coalesce to for stout trunk, usually without strang- ling the host. If the roots fail to aoc el may spread out forming a structure like the banyan. 3. F. seer on Tree with glabrous twigs: leaf-blades elliptic, often broadly s em. long, ieee blunt- or acute- -tipped, glabro eee ae short- f UR pes ‘oblon ng, 1-1.5 em. long, greenish-yellow, smooth, sessile.— (RUBBER-PLANT. or a E )- Pinelands and roadsi sides, S pen. Fla. Nat. of trop. Asi 4. F. Carica L. Shrub, or tree 2-5 m. tall, with Dd Pu bci i zi ST. lobed ;- “petioles pubescent: fruit obov (Commo ON-FIG.)—Fie lds, roadsides, and eult. gr en eae Pm and adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex., ' Tenn., an nd ‘Va. Nat. of Asi 440 ULMACEAE Famity 4 ULMACEAE — Erm FAMILY Shrubs or trees, the sap watery. Leaves alternate: blades inequi- lateral, aeai toothed. ONES perfect, polygamous or monoecious, variously disposed. Calyx of 4 or 5, or rarely 3-9 partially united sepals. Androecium of usually as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoecium 2 united carpels. Fruit a samar a drupe, or nut-like. ee 13 genera and 140 species, widely distributed.. ——Ours have greenish flowers Fruit dry, a samara, or nut-like: anthers introrse: embry straight. ribe I. ULMEAE. Fruit a drupe: anthers extrorse: embryo with conduplicate cotyledons. Tribe II. CELTIDEAE. I. ULMEAE Flowers perfect: fruit a sama 1. ULMUS. Flowers polygamo-monoecious : fruit nut-like, tubercled. 2. PLANEBA. ELTIDEAE Flowers solitary or merely clustered : oe on 3. CELTIS. Flowers in dichotomous cymes: dru Stigmas entire: staminate flowers - with valvate calyx-lobes. 4, TREMA. Stigmas 2-cleft: staminate flowers with imbricate calyx- -lobes. 5. MOMISIA. 1. ULMUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with furrowed bark and some- times winged branches. Leaves deciduous: blades toothed. Calyx campanu- late. Ovary sessile cr nA So, smooth, but sometimes pubescent. Samara or Aeular to oblong. About 1 6 species, natives of t orthern Hemisphere.— The inner bark of some species is used for a ropes and coarse cloth. Some species are extensively used for shade trees.—ELMs Flowers and fruits autumnal: flower-clusters in the leaf-axils. I. SEROTINAE. Flowers and fruits vernal: flower-clusters on naked branches. II. AMERICANAE. Leaf-blades obtuse: samaras ciliolate. E crassifolia. Leaf-blades acute or short-acuminate : samaras ciliate. X U. serotina. II. AMERICAN EE long: pedicels ne than the UE samara deeply notched. Sam over twice as long as wide : branches corky wine Eo 3. U. alata. Samara less than twice as fone. as wide: branches wingle Samara ovate, Lod tips erect or nearly so: leaf- igs mainly glabro 4. U. floridana. P oval r “obovate, the tips converging: leaf-twigs inly pubes 5. U. americana. miowerclusters denso. e Dedicel Shorter than the calyx: samara not notched. 6. U. fulwa. 1, U. crassifolia Nutt. Tree becoming 30 m. ta ll, the branches often corky- ed, the twi ER n leaf-blades p varying to bro ~ elliptic or ova ate, 1.5—4 cm. long, obtuse, om ser | rate, rough BBC. petioles 1-2 mm. long: uds about 1.5 mm. long: samara oval, Si mm. long, ciliolate —(CE vods and river-bottoms, Coastal Plain Em adj. provinces, Miss. to and (Mex.)—Late sum.—fall. 2. U. serotina Sarg. Tree becoming 16 tall, the branches often corky- a the twigs glabrous, at least at maturity: leaf- rM M dos ps Bu or ui adest above the ong, acuminate, coarsely serrato, poer snore: petioles A. m. long: ea 5-3 mm ara SORGE. elliptie, 7-32 mm. us te ULMACEAE 441 (SEPTEMBER-ELM.)—Rich ravines and bluffs, Appalachian and Interior Low plateau provinces, Ga. to Ala. and Tenn.—Fall. 3. U. alata Michx. Tre e becoming 20 m. tall, the branches often corky- winged: leaf-blades RP elliptic or broadly pde or rarely broader, 2—10 em. long, E smooth above; petioles 1.5-3 mm. long: calyx deeply lobed: samara elliptie, 6-8 mm. long, p the x wings A and longi ate.—(W. INGED-E ELM. AHOO. RED WATER-ELM. CORK-ELM.)— River banks, Ti and woods, Coastal Plain and "adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex, Kans., .„ and Va.—Spr. 4, U. floridana Chapm. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the branches not corky- winged, the twigs glabrous: leaf-blades mainly clliptie , oval, or ovate, 3-12 em. long, ipd smooth &bove; petioles 6—10 mm. long: ie shallowly lobed: samara ovate -— mm. long, short- ‘stipitate, the wings merely long- E mE .)—Swamps and low hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. t 5. U. americana L: Tree becoming 40 m. tall, the: ie ursi not corky- winged, the twigs typically pubescent: leaf-blades oval to ovate, 5-10 cm. long, some- times rough-pubescent above; petioles 4—7.5 mm. i flower-clusters lax: Ec : merely long-cilia —(WHITE-ELM. | ÁMERICAN-ELM. OMMON-ELM. ROCK- ELM.)—Moist t woods, river-banks, and low grounds, often calcareous, various provinces, N Fla. to Tex., Sask., Ont., and Newf.—Early spr. 6. U. fulva Michx. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the twigs densely aed dede the inner bark mucilaginous: leaf-blades ovate- oval or obovate, 8—19 cm. long, Md on both sides: flower-clusters dense: samara suborbicular, 14— in diameter, finely pubescent, "ciliate s LIPPERY-ELM. RED-ELM Eur zu CK-ELM. ADU R —Rich, often rocky woods and xen various provinces, W Fla. to Tex., N. D., and | Que. — Early Spr.—The fragrant mucilaginous inner bark is used in medi cine 2. PLANERA J. F. Gmel. Trees, with scaly bark. Leaves deciduous: blades toothed. Calyx campanulate. cy short-stipitate, tubercular. Nut- e fruit irregularly warty. One spec 1. bo b pue (Walt.) J. F. Gmel. Tree | Pd m. tall: eat blades ovate or liptieor ov 3-8 cm. long, rrate or, renulate- ans short- Br NEM ealyx lóbes ovate, obtuse: fruit ovoid, about 1 em. lo ong, Lo stalked, the processes soft. ip Hor Solr ae — Swamps and m is subje to considerable uc uan of e. Dun 1 Plain, N Fla d with water dur several months of each year. However, its greatest "deu d in the higher ‘ands of western Louisiana and southern Arkansas. 3. CELTIS [Tourn.] L. Unarmed shrubs or trees, the ~ often warty. l Leaves deciduous: blades entire or toothed, very inequilateral Calyx rotate, the lobes much longer than the tube. Stigmas 2, entire. Dus subglobose.— 442 ULMACEAE About 60 species of tropical and temperate regions. The wood is used in the manufacture of furniture.—Spr.—HACKBERRIES. NETTLE-TREES. SUGAR- BERRIES. Leaf-blades of an ovate type. Mature drupe 7-10 mm. in diameter. 1. C. occidentalis, Mature drupe 5-7 mm. in diameter. 2. C. georgiana. Leaf-blades of a lanceolate type. af-blades entire or nearly so. A C. noni DOM Leaf-blades sharply serrate. . C. 8ma 1. C. occidentalis L. Tree "m 40 m. tall, the twigs glabrous (or pubes- cent, and leaf-blades rough above in C. cras sifolia whieh now appears not to be specifically distinct) : leaf-bl ades ovate or rarely iptic-ov -15 abov oval, globose or subglobose, 7-10 mm. in rapist orange, purple or nearly black.— (BEAVER-WOOD. d ONE- BERRY.)—-Woods and river-banks, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, S. C. to Ala., Okla., Man., and Que. 2. C. georgiana Small Shr ub, or tre SH above, entire or sharply serrate: globose or nearly so, 5-7 mm. = iameter, red-purple or tan-colored.— (GE ORGIA-HACKBERRY. )—Rocky places and stream- banks, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala., Mo., and N. J. 3. ©. mississippiensis Bose. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the twigs sometimes pubescent: leaf-blades lanceolate varying to ovate-Tanceotate or in dd -lanceo- late esa d broader, often ovate, in C. Berlandieri), 6-12 c ong, long- acuminate, entire or nearly so: drupe d A ovoid- othe a ur m. in diameter, D le or orange-red.—Rich -woods, river-bottoms, Eg pum 7 2 pec Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ind., and D. C.— 4. C. Smallii Beadle. Tree usually smaller than C. mississippiensis : 2r blades thin, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. lon ng, acuminate, e = ipium Pai dea sharply a and irregularly serrate: drupe globose, 5-7 diameter.—Sandy or roeky woods and Beer baa Coastal Plain and “adj. n. Fla. to Ala., Mo., Ky., and N. C. 4. TEEMA Lour. Unarmed shrubs or trees, the bark smoothish: leaves persistent: blades toothed, more or less inequilateral. Calyx rotate, the lobes much longer than the tube. Stigmas 2, entire. Drupe ovoid or globose.— re ut 30 species of = regions.—In Florida the ns are a favorite bird-food.—N ETTLE-TREE: Leaf-blades cordate at the base: anthers over 1 mm. long: DEBE S oid orange. orvaand. ra ae or rounded at the base: anthers less than : drupe pink. 2. T. Lamarckiana. T. floridana Britton. Shrub, or tree 6 m. tall, with copiously pubescent foliage leaf-blades ovate, elliptic. ou or lanceolate, 4-10 em. long, softly ULMACEAE 443 pube s rar calyx greenish: drupe pag ta obose, 2.5~3.5 n in diameter, yellow ae —(F 135517 TREMA — Hammocks, CELUM where burned or clear ed, S pen Fla. and the Keys.—Often a roadside weed. 2. T. Lamarckiana (R. & A Blu Small tree or shrub, with finely hirsute velvety ps leaf- blades elliptie, ped late, or narrowly ovate, mostly 1-3 em long, finely serrate, seabrous above, veiny- reticulate beneath, obtuse or donde at the base: ca whitish or pinkish: drupe ovoid or globose-ovoid, 2-2.5 mm. in diam- pink. — (WEST-INDIAN TREMA. Homes and prairies, S pen. Fla. sud the Keys.—(W. I.) 5. MOMISIA F. G. Dietr. Spine-armed shrubs or trees, the bark rela- tively smooth. Leaves deciduous: blades toothed, 2 inequilateral. Calyx rotate, the lobes much longer than the tube. Stigmas 2, each 2-cleft. Drupe oblong, ovoid, or globose.—Spr.—CHAPARRAL-SHRUBS. Leaf-blades nearly smooth: drupe 8-12 mm. in diameter: stone a uc e faces. Iguanaea. Leaf-blades very seabrous: drupe 5-8 mm. in diameter: stone . with reticulate faces. 2. M. pallida. 1. M. Iguanaea (L.) Rose & Standley. Stem and branches spreading or climbing, 1-3 m. long, the bas ches with recurved aad glabrous: leaf-blades ovate, oval or elliptic-ovate, 4—12 em. long, e toothe oth: drupe add ovoid. [M. aculeata Saas Kl.]—Ham ATO kitchenmiddens W coast of Fla. aud Coastal Plain Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) 2. M. pallida (Torr.) Pages Aoa and branches. spreading, globose.—Hammocks, kitchenmiddens, SW coast of Fla. and Coastal Plain Tex.— Orper POLYGONALES — POLYGONAL ORDER , shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate, or sometimes oppo- site or whotled: blades mostly entire: stipules present, usually as a sheath, rarely obsolete. Flowers perfect, monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous, variously disposed. Hypanthium long or short. Calyx of 2-6 sepals, which sometimes develop keels or wings. Corolla wanting. Androe- eium of 2-9 stamens. Gynoecium of 2 or 3 united earpels, the ovary superior. Fruit an achene. 444 POLYGONACEAE Famity d. POLYGONACEAE — BUCKWHEAT FAMILY Plants various in habit. Leaves with manifest, Pieri oe stipules (ocreae) and inflorescence not olde: ate, or b ules som times obsolete and the inflorescence involuer ate.—Abo piece a id 800 species, widely distributed.—Some plants iiri da food, others are used in ornamental gardening. Many ae are weeds. Flowers, or flower-clusters subtended y EIOS BRE 9: no sheaths (ocreae) at the nodes of the stem and the bra ribe I. ERIOGONEAE. Flowers, or flower-clusters, not involucrat, ‘put subtended by sheathing po Pru uh at the nodes of the inflorescence: stam 4-8: sheaths (ocreae) sur- ECOL, ‘and the branches above each ounding e į Hypanthium ea, developed, d often as a Stigmas tufted or fimbriate-pinnatifid. Tribe II. RUMICEAE. d not tufted. Stamens distinct: herbs or vines without ten- rils. Tribe III. POLYGONEAE. Stamens with the filaments united into a tube e base: vines with tendrils. Tribe IV. ANTIGONONES. Tribe V. COCCOLOBEAE. Hypanthian well. developed, enclosing the achene. I. EnIOGO Annual or perennial plants with alternate or whorled leaves and bracts: involucres lobed, sessile D. peduncleu, each with few or many exserted flowers : achene often swollen at the base. 1. ERIOGONUM. II. Rv Sepals of pistillate flower distinct, Mod mcm nor with spreading horn-like spines "nel Eg not developing wings: achene partly exposed, 2. ACETOSELLA. inner s Spalt developing wings: achene included, smooth. 3. RUMEX. Sepals of gU pistillate flower partly united into an indurated Brccolaie perianth, tne 7 s of the three outer developing into spreading horn-like spine 4. EMEX. III. POLYGONEAE Internodes of the stem and the branches partly adnate. Inner sepals not fimbriate, often conspicuously &ccrescent. Inner sepals accrescent, wing-like: achene include Anthers alike or nearly so: outer sepals reflexed. 5. POLYGONELLA. nthers various, those of the filaments with dilated . bases very small and imperfect: outer sepals ap- ressed. 6. DENTOCERAS. Qin er sepals not accrescent: achene partly exposed. T. DELOPYRUM. er Po fimbriate, somewhat accrescent. 8.. THYSANELLA. iatemiodes of the stem and the branches not adnate. : Leaf- RFT aoe E the base: ocreae 2-lobed, becoming lac : filaments, at least As inner, dilated. 9. POLYGONUM. Lest blades not jointed. at th ase: ocreae [o not 2- lobed: filaments slender Ocreae cylindric, truncate: ' sometimes fringed. Sepals 4: calyx curved : stamens 4 or 5. 10. Tovana. Sepals 5. or if fewer, the stamens more than 5: calyx not curved. 11. PERSICARIA. Vanes oblique, more or less open on the side facing the | Sepals neither keeled on the back nor winged: erect or reclining herbs Racemes collected int terminal corymbs: embryo dividing the endosperm by an S-shaped curve: Plants smooth. Racemes not in terminal corymbs: embryo slender, 2: one side of the endosperm: plants prickle- d. 13. TRACAULON. Sepals, a least the outer ones, keeled or winged: S with twining stems and branches or large nens with numerous hollow stems arising from extensively branching rootstocks. 12. FAGOPYRUM. POLYGONACEAE 445 Stigmas capitate. styles short, erect, or none: stems slender, twining 14. BILDERDYKIA. Stigmas dilated, toothied: styles divaricate: stems stout, erect. 15. PLEUROPTERUS. IV. ANTIGONONES Vine with broad leaves, and racemes of pink or red flowers, ter- mina rong in tendrils. 16. CORCULUM, V. Eocene Eee Vine with tendrils: hypanthium developing into a samara-like hey with a wing extending the length of the elongate pedicel- like base: stigmas 2-cleft. 17. BRUNNICHIA. Shrubs or trees: hypanthium developing into a drupe-like fruit: stigmas not 2-cleft. 18. CoccoLonBis. . ERIOGONUM Michx. Herbs, partially woody plants, or shrubs. Leaves ain D alternate, without Mid the stipules scale-like. Flowering-stems or este with alternate or whorled bracts. Flowers involucrate. Hypanthium jointed to a pedicel which is subtended by a minute bractlet. Sepals 6, often unequal. Stamens 9. Gynoecium 3-carpellary: stigmas capitate-——About 250 species, North American, mostly in the western United States—WILD-BUCK- HEATS. UMBRELLA-PLANTS: Flowering stem with whorled leaves, the blades relatively wide: inflorescence with leaf-like nee sepals broad, flat or crisped: filaments pubes ent bel 1. E. tomentosum. Flowering pm with re id t edes the blades relatively nar- inflorescence with m e bracts: sepals narrow, invo- Mite: filaments glabrous 2. E. floridanum. 1. E. tomentosum Michx. Basal leaves evergreen, 5—18 cm. long; blades oblong to spatulate: flowering-stem 4-12 dm. tall, the leaves in whorls of 3-5; blades ovate A e or oblanceolate: involueres about 4 . long: sepals baka the inner ones Boone ovate is suborbicular, 6-8 mm. JE. W UCKWHEAT. )— Dry cR and p Coastal Plain, and C.—Su Fla. to —Sum.—fall or all yea r S. 2. E. flo ridanum Small. Basal leaves some- what persistent, 8-20 cm. long; ipe long; blades broadly or narrowly lin flowering stem 6—10 dm. tall, the leaves e bl nate; blades linear to ped -lanceolate: in volucres 6-7 ,mm. long: "aps sepals Bid: der-subulate, becoming 5- ÉD long-silky: ne about 6 mm. lo ong, pubescent, the beak ee ong as the body. [E. p EUNT (Chapm. Fl. )]—Dry sandy Pd nds a scrub, C Fla.—Spr.-fal 2. ACETOSELLA Raf. Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, with very thin ocreae. Flowers dioecious, in panicles, the hypanthium base conspicuously jointed to the curved pedicel. Sepals 6, essentially unchanged in fruit, without 446 F CEAE callosities. Stamens 6. Stigmas peltate, tufted. Achene exserted, granular, the angles not margined. One species in many forms. 1. A. Acetosella (L.) Small. Plant E l- 6. 2 tall: blades of the lower leav e hastate, the auricles ida pa meee sepals een, o or reddish, those of the pistillate flowers becom noe 1 mm. ong: a i led 0 OW-SORREL. HORSE-SORREL. UR- GRASS. SOU UR-DOCK.)—Sterile soil, roadsides, fields, meadows, pastures, and waste-places, throughout U. S. and Can., except the extreme N and S. Nat. of Eu.— (Almost cosmop. )— Spr.—fall. 3. RUMEX L. Annual or perennial fleshy herbs. Leaves alternate, with brittle ocrea Flowers in panicles, perfect, polygam or dioecious, the hypanthi eae conspicuously jointed to the edicel. poen green, 6, un- equal' or the 3 inner Mni wings, one or all of which usually bear a callosity or bien recle. Stamens 6. Stigmas RN tufted. Achene exserted or i istae ooth or canis usually more or less margined.—About 140 species, wide geographic distribution.— The foliage of some species is eaten as er i. »—Doc Flowers dioecious : lower leaves with hastate blades : plants vin I. HASTATULI. Flowers perfect 2 andro-polygamous: leaf-blades not hastate plants not ae Mature inner SEDIS (wings) entire, undulate or toothed, not Spinulose-margined. SE broad, ovate, deltoid, or somewhat reniform II. CRISPI. Sepal- P narrow, elliptie to pandurate, or elliptic- ae ov AN Mature inner sepals” (wings) spinulose-margined. I Rr I. HASTATULI Perennial dioecious plant with horizontal rootstocks: panicle naked. 1. R. hastatulus. Pedicel- e hypanthium-base short, usually about as long as the sepal-wings or shorter, spreading or recurved. Only one sepal-wing bearing a tubercle. 2. R. altissimus. All three sepal-wings bearing eee : Leaf-blades flat, dis edges not crisped. 3. R. Berlandieri. Lea f-blades crisp Sepal-wings leltoid, ovate-deicoid or hastate. Sepal-wings round-ovate. 4. R. crispus. KESICE like Boa base elongate, much longer than the al-wings, deflexed. Leaf-blades broad, short, broadly rounded or cordate at e base: sepal-wings 'denticulate. 5. R. fascicularis. PA narrow, elongate, oo narrowed at the base: sepal-wings undula Sepal-wings reniform 6. R. floridanus. Sepal-wings ovate, hastate, or reniform-hastate. 7. R. verticillatus. III. S NEI Only one sepal developing a tubercle: whorls of the inflores- cence not leafy-bracted. 8. R. sanguineus. POLYGONACEAE All three sepals developing tubercles: whorls of the inflores- cence, at least the lower ones, leaty- bracted. nu e about 3 mm. long: achene less than ong. 9. R. conglomeratus. Mature. sepal-wings 5-6 mm. long: achene 2.5-3 mm. fone 10. R. cuneifolius. IV. OBT Blades of the lower Sera cordate or sita. p the base: tall perennial plant Stipe-like base o the Dopanthium much shorter than the . sepal-wings: two sepal-wings with callosities. 11. R. pulcher. sepal-wings: one sepal-wing with a callosity. 12. R. obtusifolius. se: low annual plants. 13. R. persicarioides. 1. R. hastatulus Baldw. Plant 1.5-13 dm. tall: basal and lower stem-leaves | 5- . long; blades with 2 spr a, auricles at the base or sometimes merely undulate: sepal-wings reniform to ovate-reniform, 3.5-4 mm. wide: achene nearly mm. long.—Sandy soil, roadsides, fields, and woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. . Kans., ll, and Mass.—Spr. . R. altissimus Wood. Plant 6-20 dm. tall, mo the panicle ed ascending: low stem- l m. g; blades lanceolate to st a p M nd crisped: sepal- Ings triangular-o g, longer pos wide, slightly Mere achene about 3 long.—(PALE-DOCK. EACH-LEAVED DOCK. -.)—River-bànks, ditches, and low woods, various P dimus rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Nebr., and Mass,— Spr.-su 3. R. Berlandieri Meisn. Pant 5-7 dm. tall, the panicle-branches loosely e ered: lower stem-leaves 8-17 cm. long; blades elliptie: often narrowly so, or nearly so: whorls of the i nflorescence often separated: sepal-wings deltoid, about 4 mm. long, leathery; achene fully 2.5 mm. long. [R. Langloisii S meu oo prairies, and ditches, Coastal Plain, La. and Tex.—(Mez.)— pr.—fa 4. R. cris spus L. Plant 3-11 dm. acr. the panicle-branches rather elosely flow ered: lower stem-leaves 15-30 em. long; blades elliptic to e elliptic- “lanceolate, much erisped: poderi. contiguous: sepal-wings orbicular-ovate, 4—5 m long, undulate: achene 2.5-3 mm. long.—/( CURLED DO OE: YELLOW-DOCK. NAR- ROW-DOCK.) —F'ields ind waste- ‘places, throughout the U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I., Mex.) —Sum 5. R. fasc iie Small Plant 5- 15 dm. tall, the n e rather lax: lower stem-leaves 1-2 dm. lon ng; blades ovate to broadly elliptie, rounded or cor- 6. R. p suu Meisn. Plant 4—11 dm. tall, the panicle-branches often fas- tigiate: lower stem-leaves 14 dm. long; blades br Pend linear to eae incen: late: donee rather dense: se E i eni m, 2 Md mm pha : stipe- : hy g. ` Li! 448 POLYGONACEAE . R. verticillatus L. Plant 9-15 dm. tall, the panicle-branches lax: lower stem- dm. des es 1.5-4. long; pic osea to linear-lanceolate: flower-clusters rather loose: sepal-wings ovate, hastate, reniform-hastate, 4.5-5.5 mm. wide: pedicel-like ey of the hype denn mostly over 1 cm. long, a tapering: achene & -3 mm. long.— eu MS mps and ditci. s, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ia., and Que R. sanguineus L. Plant 3-11 dm. tall, the dip: erect, the Da cT rather loosely -flo wered a nd lo osely-fruited : low stem leaves 9-16 cm. l den sepal-wings oblong, 2.5-3 mm. long, nea nequal, entire, the cal- losity P e a 1.5 mm. uan ng.—( BLOODY- o: RED-VEINED DOCK. BLOODWORT. )—W various provinces, Ala. to La., N. Y., and Va Nat. of Eu.—Spr sum. T 9. R. conglomeratus Murray. Plant 3-12 dm. tall, the stems erect, the panicle- branches pee densely flo ered: pd stem-leaves 8—17 cm. long; bla des ovate, |. ;8 e achene about 2 mm. long.—(CLUSTERED-DOCK.)— Waste p r Coa stal Plain, . C. to Va.; also Calif. Nat. of Eu—(W. I., Mex.)—Spr.-s 10. R. panicles dens wer stem-leaves mostly 1 dm. long or less; blades c cuneate to iuit Pena "ed erisped, usually rounded or retuse at t the apex: flower- elusters dense, contiguous: dini wings oblong-ovate, 5—6 ong, undulate, uii ulate: achene fully 2.5 mm. long coude W. Fla. Nat. of S. A.—Spr.-fall. 11. R. pulcher L. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, the pd pem spreading: lower stem- leaves 0.8—1.7 dm. long; blades elli iptie o e andurate, truneate or shallowly cordate, crisped: sedi rigs sed. leafy- -bracted: Eoy wings. ovate-deltoid, about 4 mm. long, with 5-10 teeth: achene fully 2: ong.— ( FIDDLE-DOC ck.) — —Low Goce URN and waste 2 WT various pie Fla. to Tex., Calif, Ark., and Va. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I., Mex.)—Spr. —fall. cordate, somewhat eri Hd. flower-clusters E pale not leafy-bracted: sepal- iim n e 3.5-5 mm. long, bd x teeth: eee 2-2.5 mm. long.— (BI BROAD-DOCK. BUTT K.)—Wet woods, cultivated grounds, ads “ditches, fields, and waste- ee PEA the U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.; Mez.)—Sum.-fall.- 13. R. persicarioides L. Plant 1-6 dm. tall, the panicle densely-flowered and densely-fruited: leaves 2.5—30 cm. long; blades lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, risp he le e ; wer e abruptly narrowed at the base: flower-clusters densely many-flowered: stipe-like base e anthium not involute l- S 2-2.5 mm. long, each bos an oblong or ovate-oblong body and 3-6 slender teeth: achene about 1.5 mm. long.—(GOLDEN-DOCK.)— Shores or sandy banks, various pr les tee coast. of £N. C. to N. B., also in saline places. inland— 0 Ont., and co of Calif. to B. 0. Mea. )—Spr.-fall—Admitted on the basis of old reco ae 4. EMEX Neck. Annual‘ somewhat succulent herbs. Leaves alternate, with oblique ocreae. Flowers in axillary, often dense clusters or in pant icles, monoecious; the staminate ones long-pedicelled, with 5 or 6 nearly equal sepals; the 2 z F ACEA E | 449 pistillate sessile, the short hypanthium and the 6 P ted ges in two series forming an es perianth, the outer sepals developing spreading spine-like tips. Stamens 6. Stigmas 3, fimbriate-pinnatifid. Achene included, ec er species, na- tives of the Old World. 1. E. spinosa Campd. Stem more or “less diffusely branched, Edda leaf-blades ovate, narrowly or bro adly so, 2-8 em. long, or smaller, acute or rounded at ya ais and minutely pointed, idu truncate to cor- date at the more or less auricled base, lo Son ng- petioled: sepals of the staminate flowers elliptie, about 2 em. long, those of the pistillate firm, the inner br erect firm tips, the outer with E subulate rigid tips: achene ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long.—Waste grounds, W. Fla.—Nat. of the Mediterranean region —Spr. “fall. 5. POLYGONELLA Michx. Perennial or biennial branched woody plants. eaves numerous, rather persistent. Flowers white or pink, in spreading panicles, the — pins at anthesis. Inner sepals accrescent, not spreading, develop- ing into wing-like structures wholly covering the achene, with lateral wrinkles. Achene stout, sometimes very broad ee by the following species.— S Leaf-blades decidedly dilated, spatulate, P or cuneate. I. POLYGAMAE. Leaf-blades not dilated, clavate to almost filiform II. AMERICANAE. POLYGAMAE Inner sepals becoming 2-2.5 mm. long: achene 1.5-2 mm. long. 1. P. polygama Inner sepals becoming 4-5 mm. long: achene 3.5-4 mm. long. 2. P. macrophylla. , II. ERICAN. Inner sepals becoming about 2 mm: fone: Sale base of the hypanthium barely 1 mm. lon Lateral racemes of the panicles. mostly less than 1 cm. long: sepals 1.5 mm. long in anthesis 3. P. brachystachya. iret racemes of the pa mostly over 1 em. long: als 1 mm. long in anthes 4. P. Croomii. Inner ‘sepals Recon about 2 A . long: stipe-like base of the hypanthium fully 1.5 mm. lon 5. P. americana. 1. P. polygama (Vent.) A. Gray. Plant slender, 3-6 dm. tall, usually copi- ieee branched: lower leaves 1-3 em. lon ng; ae spatulate to cuneate, 3-ribbed: stipe-like base of the hypanthium about Michx. ]—(OcTOBER pinelands, and cit. Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C., and ira to Miss.—Sum.—fall. E P.m rophylla Small. man stout, hane ne wer sepals becoming oval o r suborbicul fila- nts fu subulate and narrowly Janccola te: achene fully 1.5 mm. wide. 2 ndhills, near the. coast, M and W Fla—Fal 29 450 POLYGONACEAE 3. P. brachystachya Meisn. ien slender, 2-6 dm. tall, copiously branched: leaves 5-13 mm. long, bright-gree ird Psi Tacemes s short and rela- tively stout: E closely tuin ry oblique: inner sepals becoming pisi ovate to subreniform, over 2 mm. Tong: dd broadly rhombic-ovoid, 1.5 mm. long.—Pinelands, S pen. Fla.—Sum.-fall. 4. P. Croomii Chapm. Plant very slender, 2-5 dm. tall, copiously branched: lon leaves 9-21 mm. long, glaucous, fugaceous: racemes relatively lo ng a pun = slender: ocreolae scarcely imbrieate, A oblique: inner sepals oval: achene narrowly rhombic-ovoid, 1.5 mm. long. T Sandhills, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to S. C.—Sum.-fall. 5. P. d (F. -o pes Plant stout, 5—12 dm. tall, ins lon branched: leaves numero 1-3 ng, per ersistent: racemes stout: sepals becoming o orbie ular p oval- ei ula achene rhombic-ovoid, about an long. [Gon americanum F. & M. Metsnerianp Shuttlw. }—Sandy soil, sandhills, and hillsides, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, S. C. Tex. and M —fal 6. DENTOCERAS Small. Depressed, copiously branched shrub. join igna numerous, crowded on the branchlets, narrow, persistent. Flow bilif lon ite, short stro orm racemes, rather epis , the din An inu den from the ocreolae at anthesis, m d by a e braetlet within the ocreolae which forms a circular ho han which the pedicel protrudes. covering the inner. Achene very broad, in- cluded.—One species. 1. D. myriophylla Small. Branches radially prostrate, 2-25 dm. long, copiously branched, the branchlets often short: leaf-blades ela- vate, what fleshy, 3-12 mm. long: i de powdered often in small panicles: fi than outer, oval, oen -ovate, or slightly obovate, 5-3 na yee lus 1 ovoid, abou pe —(W Dee —BSerub a “Sandhills, S ped of Lake Legion, Fla.—All year Mo spicuous on account of the numerous branches with myriad leaves, disposed in large green mats on the white sand. T. e Small. Annual died branched firm-herbaceous plants. Leaves few, remote, early deciduo Flowers white or pink-tinged, in erect lax racemes, ps rt-stalked, the rm ace if at all exserted from the ocreolae in anthesis. Inner sepals accrescent only at the base, thence spreading and exposing the achene, merely elongating, smooth, not wrinkled. A slender, sometimes subulate. [Polygonella Michx. in part.]—Represented by the following species only.—JOINTWEEDS. 'WIREWEEDS.—The leaves are early deciduous. * Inner sepals becoming longer than the outer: achene acuminate, the tip much ex- serted from the calyx: stipe-like base of the hypanthium very short. Inner sepals (pistillate) linear, linear-spatulate, or linear- e A at maturity: ocreae ciliate. POLYGONACEAE 451 Achene ellipsoid-ovoid ; hypanthium-base obconic; upper ocreae leaf-bearing ; fruiting calyx persistent. Achene Te late; hypan nthium-base clavate; upper ocreae eafless : fruiting calyx deciduous. . D. basiramia. Inner sepals Da) elliptic or elliptic- -obovate at ma- rity: ocreae ecili Tider cence rachis with separated ocreolae: stem-leaves c D. ciliatum. with filiform blades 9. D. filiforme. inHorescenco Fa with contiguous ocreolae : stem-leaves with elliptic, spatulate or linear-spatulate blades. 4, D. gracile. Inner and outer sepals about equal in length at maturity : achene acute, the tip barely exserted from the a stipe-like base the hypanthium filiform or filiform-clavat 5. D. articulatum. 1. - ie tum (Meisn.) Small. Stem 6-17 dm. tall: stem-leaves with stiff filifo r linear-filiform blades 2—4 cm. c oereolae acuminate: hypanthium- s E rbinate s pm than 1 mm. long: sepals (st te) or nearly so: inner bii pes becomin ng 1.5 mm. long, uch longer than achene about th m. long, slightly don um the ealyx.— Pinelands, pen. Fla.—Sum.-fall. 2. D. basiramia Small. Stems and pi is m or many (10-70) from the b. of a oody tap- ae slender wiry-filif pale inflorescene stem-leaves slenderly TEN ostly 1- em. lon aeute, et hypanthium-base clavate, "nearly 1 mm. long maturity: sepals of the s ‘lowers spatula to linear, the about e ong, much excee edin ing “ont ie subulate, fully 2.5 mm. ee hrice as eae as thick, much exceeding the ed investing calyx.—Inland sand-dunes and scrub, S end of the lake region, Fla D. filiforme -o Stem 9-16 dm. tall: per leaves with pliable filiform blades 4-9 em. nS us smaller than aee graci dd Ras nthium-base turbinate, very sh aped ova BE mE ng t Or abo ovate; inner sepals (pistillate) "oblong pee DE. obovate slightly ice than the aa becoming 1.5 mm. long: . long, the tip much a d. Fus uini -— Sandhills "ud hs ee "Plain, E pen. Fla. to Ga. um.—fal 4. D. gracile (Nutt.) Small. Bini 3-17 dm. tall: stem- adr with oblong, ue Or a dicis bns 1-2.5 em. long: hypanthium-base turbinate, very short: sepals (staminate) obovate; inner T biete) Moe mm. long, decidedly longer than ica outer: achene 2.5 mm. long, slightly exceeding the calyx.—Dry pinelands and sandhills. ee Plain, Fla. to and S. C.—Sum.—fall. 5. D.articulatum (L.) Small. Stem 1-4.5 dm. tall: stem-leaves with n linear or linear- sarang pii 1-2.5 em. long: stipe-like base of the hypan .thium slender, ut . long: inner sepals Pa Aa aa 2 mm long, obovate S orbicular- So achene rhombic-ovoid, mm. lon ng.— (JorNTWEED.)—Acid sandy and open woods, Coas tal done ond New England Coast, Ga. (or Fla.) to Me.; also Great Lake Lowland, Ill. to N. Y.—Sum.—fall. 8. THYSANELLA A. Gray. es Mares male Leaves alternate, jointed near the top of the fringed firm Flowers polygamo-monoecious, those of the upper racemes mostly ae Sepals white or pink, not 452 I CEAE accrescent into wings, the 2 ene ones eae d M at the base, the 3 east pectinate-fimbria Sta 8: ents slender-filiform. pem 8- ange ineluded in the Mm io. EUM Dn are the only known spec Outer sepals becoming 2-2.5 mm. long: achene less than 2 mm. long, broadly ovoid. 1. T. fimbriata. outor “sepals 2 IDEE 3.5-4 mm. long: achene over 2 mm. long, wly ovoid. 2. T. robusta. 1. T. fimbriata (Ell) A. Gray. Stem slender, 1.5-6 dm. tall, simple at the | base: leaf-blades narrowly linear, z^ x dong, mostly less than 1.5 mm. wide, few-striate: ocreae sparingly inged racemes 1-2.5 cm. long: outer S Cpistil- late) incised or incised-fimbriate, Eod j ache ee a ong: achene barely mde. short- beaked.—Sandhills, Coastal | Plain, NE Fla. to Ala. and Ga —Sum —fal robusta Mes Stem much Stouter 6- = ct PS [e] Fh R $9 3 im 4 e. Q eO E] g B c5 p B jour) *d $ ide, iate: ocr fringed: the To sometimes deciduou racemes mainly cm. long: outer-sopals (pistiliate) undulate A ac "i ch exceed- ing t : filaments mm. ie oo fully 1 mm. wide, long- peeked ead dd RUE pod Fla.—All yea 9. POLYGONUM [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial, erect or prostrate herbs. Leaves alternate, jointed near the top of the ultimately lacerate ocreae. wers in axillary elusters which are sometimes aggregated near the ends of the branches. pals green to pink or white, or green with il cages or yel- low, the outer ones een corrugated o pic. in age. Stamens 3-8, often —6. Stigmas Achene 3-angled.—Sum.—fall, or all year south d.—About 100 species of wide dioe ns distribution.—K NOTWE DOORWEEDS. KNOTGRASSES. Flower-clusters — M! scattered more or less throughout the plant: stem and nee. d sharply angled: leaf-blades without impressions beside Eos midrib, not pli I. AVICULARIA Flower- clusters approximate on the upper part of the branches, thus forming long raceme-like panicles: stem sharply angled: leaf-blades with impressions on either side of the midrib, thus plicate. Ii. TENUIA. I. AVICULARIA Calyx green, or sepals with white, pink, or purplish margins. Plants copiously leafy throughout, the upper leaves only "ee Ped. in size e prominently exserted from the calyx: sepals rather petaloid. 1. P. glaucum. Achene included in the calyx or the mere tip exposed : sepals not petaloid. Achene vah striate faces. Mature perianth 3-4 mm. long: achene 3-4 mm. ong. 2, P. aviculare. Mature perianth 1.5-2 mm. long: achene 1.5-2 "n P. neglectum. mm. long.. Achene with granular or nearly smooth faces. 4. P. buciforme. POLYGONACEAE 453 BaL with the upper leaves scattered and reduced in. 5. P. camporum. Calyx, ae least the inner sepals, yellow or yellow-green. Leaf-blades broad: achene dull. 6. P. erectum Leaf-blades narrow: achene shining. (Coe P. ramosissimum. II. TEN Annual with erect wiry stems and very sade panicles, the clusters often reduced to a single flower each. 8. P. tenue. 1. P. glaucum Nutt. Plant glaucous, sometimes nearly white, the branehes mainly prostrate or assurgent, 2-7 dm. long: leaf-blades fleshy, generally longer j e m 2/0 wide: ocre l very conspicuous perianth beco mm. long; als e [P. maritimum (Fl SE. U. 8.) J— enm mung Fla. to Ala. and Me—(£u.) 2. P. aviculare L. Plant bright-green, the branches ultimately procumbent or prostrate, 1-6 dm. long: leaf-blades thin or thinnish, : eae very thin: 3 KNOTGRASS.)—Fields, roads, and places, various provinces, Fla. to La., Calif, and C Can.—(Eurasia.) 3. neglectum Besser. Plant bright-green or bluish-green, the branches ulti- ES prostrate or proeumbent, 1-6 dm. long: leaf-blades thin, narrowly ellip- tic, pees o or linear, pU 2-3 mm. wide, acute or acuminate: ocreae very thin: perianth ru ing 1.5-2 mm. jou: sepals with pale-pink or purplish-red Dodd s: achene 1.5-2 mm. long, dull, granular-striate. — Common, about dwellings, and on das e and in waste places, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and S Can.—(Enurasia.) 4. P. s iforme Small. Plant bright-green or pale-green, the E odd s diffuse dd 2-8 dm. long: leaf- d thiek, mainly 4—10 mm. wide: ocreae Nnm : perianth b ey ming 2-3 mm. long; sepals with ic Or car- mine borders: nea 2-2. . long, often granular, TA fields, and waste places, a E R oN C. to Tex., N. M., B. C., Ont., and N. B. P. camporum Meisn. Plant a green, 9-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades ap di o Or uim to linear, varying to oblanceolate or lanceolate, 1-3 mm. long: peri e becoming about 2 mm. lo ong; sepals veiny in age: achene broadly ovoid, 2 mm. long or Pac SO, thinnis, acute.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain, La. and Tex. Nat. in Ala.— —(Menz.) 6. P. erectum L. Plant yellowish-green, the lower gd spreading or de- eumbent, 1-12 dm. long: leaf-blades much larger than in any of the preceding i i elli ova ward: 1 —6 em. lon ocreae rather bd perianth becoming 3.5 mm. long; sepals often veiny in e: achene m. long, striate, dull.— Yards, ae places, and moist banks, various ven anum Ga. to Ark., Man., Ont., and Me. P. ramosissimum Michx. Plant yellow- de 2.5-13 dm. tall usually eee branched ane bur blades mainly 2-5 em. long: ocreae conspicuous: perianth becoming 2.5 . long; sepals ee veiny at maturity: achene 454 POLYGONACEAE 3-3.5 mm. long, smooth and shining aT often saline soil, various provinces, Tenn. to N. M., Wash., Sask., and Min 8. P. e Michx. Plant ei dm. a pe uus wiry: leaf-blades linear to on jars 0.5-3 em. long, e ith 2 lateral uv uy on either ~~ side of e midrib: flowers ae a Mere Dn ing 2.5-3 mm. lon achene ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long.—Dry sandy or rocky soil, various BIO Ga. to Tex., Nebr. Minn., rer Ont 10. TOVARA Adans. Perennial erect herbs. Leaves alternate, not jointed at the fringed ocreae. hs in lax remote clusters borne on virgate branches. Sepals more or less colored, 4, unequal, the 2 lateral ones MM the others. Sta- filaments slender. Stigmas 2. chene len- ticular.—Two species, the following and one Japanese 1. T. virginiana (L.) Adans. Stem stri- gose, at least ed the oue , 9—14 dm. tall, virgately branched or simple: leaf- lade ovate or elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 3-16 c long ip els flattened: per rianth. e .0—4 m bp vee aerem d ribbed: MA styles bent angle he achene: achene 3.5-4 mm. long, ovoid or ovoid-o RE “invested in ne nodding eG i SEED.)—Rich woods and aoo hioi pro x nt., an . S.—Sum.-fall.— The name ss to the surprising E the ripe achenes fy when pressed | ae the thumb nail. In the case of this genus and of the following generic segregates from the composite pone? Polygonum, the species recorded in Chapman’s ‘‘Flora’’ will be found under the same specific names, unless otherwise 20501 ed. 11. PERSICARIA [Tourn.] Adans. Annual or perennial, erect or spread- ing herbs. Leaves M not jointed at the cylindric naked or fringed ocreae: blades narrowed at the base or eee! cordate. Flowers borne in spike- like panicles. Sepals a or colored, mostly 5, neither i nor keeled. Stamens 4—8: filaments slender. Stigmas 2 or sometimes 3. Aec eiu cda: or 3-angled, included or the tip merely exposed.— About 125 Bernd Ld, dis- tributed.—Spr.—fall, or all year southward.—SMARTWEEDS. GANDER-GRASSES. Panicle, or pair of panicles, Ern only: mature perianth much longer n the ache I, AMPHIBIAE. nr axilary as well as TouisHE often numerous: ma- ds Derisnth reaching to about the tip of the achene stigmas minute: cotyledons accumbent. II. LAPATHIFOLIAE. Ocreae with spreading collar-like edges: leaf-blades of a road type: stigmas large: cotyledons incumben III. ORIENTALES. AMPHIBIA) I. Coarse Den with diffuse and widely creeping stems * and bran 1. P. Muhlenbergii. POLYGONACEAE II. LAPATHIFOLIA Ocreae not fringed with bristles, rarely EREE E E ciliate when youn Panicle Sieny erect, stout. Achene turgid- lenticular : plant perennial. Achen ne fia at, the fa concave or merely umbonate: plant a ants with much variation e style lengths, the styles in the PERA styled forms, conspicuously exserted : achen ovate, the faces more or less umbonate. ml m c ue d creeping woody ng. Plant perennial: achene dull. Flowers with slight variation in the style-lengths, 2i Styles not conspicuously exserted: achene early M the uk es flat or concave. Panicle Soddins. rather slender em fringed with bristles. branches, and peduncles hispid and more or less glan dular Stem, branches S, and peduncles not hispid. Sepals not cru cl SUE Dar OWEN at the S manifestly oled: stem e ocreae glabrous or Ei reed iiie ciliate. Ocr ie strigillose, with marginal cilia: eaf- s ee glabrous or sparingly Std Calyx cum white: achene nearly wide as long, - tip protrud- pe Dena the caly Calyx Tee Pa p? urplish- pink: manifestly D than ide. ‘the tip covered ove Ocreae loosely strigose, with lon co E e marginal cilia: leaf-blades iously ORe strigose. Oae e ecilia ee cordate or subcordate at the base, or : stem, at least below ne ode aud eee hirsute. SEDE Dustulcte puntale ene granular, dull: panicle nodding. d CDoHe smooth, shining: panicle erect. ES Tall rather coarse annual with usu ally numerous dense cylindric nodding panicles of pone cole ed flowers. Muhlenbergii (Meisn.) S ES blades i ts to elliptic- to. 5-20 c at the base: ocreae strigose: pane es com- paet, 3-10 em. long: p i i m. 1 Perennial, aes Pun [tH ME o mm. emersa (Mich E E — dy shores, swamps, and ditches, vari- ous provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif, B. C., Ont., and Que.—(Mez. P. portoricensis (Bert E Small. Per iu generally glabrous: leaf-blades rigen late, usually narrowly so, 3-25 . long, acumin ocreae very thin: panicles lax, but often copiously flowered : ocreolae cili- ate: perianth becoming 3.5-4 mm. long; sepals white or whitish, punctate: achene 15. ally m. long, rounded or cordate P. . portoricensis. longistyla. mississippiensis. . pennsylvanica lapathifolia. . Careyi. . Persicaria. . opelousana. . hydropiperoides. etacea. paludicola. hirsuta. Hydropiper. punctata, orientalis. strigose, ereeping: 456 POLYGONACEAE turgid-lenticular, 2.5 mm. long, or less. [Polygonum densiflorum Meisn.]— Swamps, ponds, lake-borders, and ditches, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. J.—(W. I., Mez., S. 2 3. P. longistyla Small! Annual, sometimes with creeping woody branches, more or less glandular-pubescent above: Mo EAE lanceolate, 3-12 em. long, idum ew. ent: on account E the andis stamens and style: Sorel ciliate: gene p pink: sepals not punctate: achene ere or orbicular-ovate, long, rather sharply pointed.—Low grounds, wet woods, and ii dE Miss. to Tex., Okla., Mo. 3a. P. mississippiensis (Stanford) Small. Plant perennial, quite woody be- low, glabrous up to the inflorescence: leaf-blades lanceolate, s 10 em. long, strigillose o n both sides, long-a dre peduneles mo pun Ead p ieles often slightly gd -like: per ink: sepals iot ae : achene rrowly ovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long, de idedly pointed. [Polyg mm. eite ippi- pes Stanford ]—Low SUME fields, and ditches, Miss. to Tex 4. P. pennsylvanica (L.) Small Annual, the upper branches finely glandular- pubescent: leaf-blades jud 4-22 em. long: oereae eciliate: panicles stout, erect: ocreolae eciliate or nearly so: per anth becoming 3.5—4 mm. long; sepa als pink or light-purple, not punctate: stamens and style short: achene flat-lenticu- lar, 3-3.5 mm. long, shining, short-beaked.— (PINKWEED. E aste-places, road- sides, and cult. grounds, various pene Fla. to Tex., Minn., and N. S— (Me) 5. P. lapathifolia (L.) S. F. Gr a Annual, glabrous or nearly so: leaf- blades lanceolate, sometimes narrowly so, 5-20 c m. lo ong: ocreae eciliate: panicles slen- der, nodding: ocreolae eciliate, eee perianth icu 2.5-3 mm. long; a whitish to rose-colored: achene flat-lenticular, 2-2.0 m 215 [ Poly- onu m incarnatum Ell J— (PALE. ~PERSICARIA. )——River banks, € wet grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and Can.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., 'Q. W.) 6. P. Careyi (Olney) Greene. Annual, hispid: and more or less ream E blades elliptie- eri to linear-lane eolate or almost linear on the u part of the plant, 5-16 em. long: ocrea e nde -fringed: esed eee ee nid nodding: ie ciliate, rounded: perianth becom m. long; sepals purplish: achene o -lenticular, -2.5 mm. long, a ia nd 2n ning.— Swamps, MI and elearings, various SN Fla. (perhaps introd.), N. J. to Ont. and Me. 7. P. Persicaria (L.) Small. ere glabrous or partly d leaf-blades laneeolate to linear-lanceolate, -18 em. long, often with a central ie te E ocreae fringed: panicles stout: cune ciliate: perianth becom ae 3 mm. lon or nearly so; sepals pink, purple, green, or soca h, not oo achene Cee lenticular or 8-angled, 2-2.5 mm. long, s ning.— LADY’S-THUMB. HEART- WEED.)—Cult. grounds, waste- P and Bere various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and S Can. Nat. of Eu. 8. P. opelousana (Ridd.) Small. Perennial, more or less strigillose: leaf- blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 3-11 em. long: ocreae o -fringed: panicles slender, erect: ocreolae long-fringed: perianth becoming 2-2.5 mm. long; sepals greenish-white, not punctate: achene 3- -angled, 2 mm. long or nearly so, shin- 1 The related species, F. mexicana Small and P. segetum (H. B. K.) Small, seem not to be definitely known from our range; the former is to be expected in S Tex. the latter in S Fla. POLYGONACEAE | 457 ing, tip usually protruding from the calyx.—Swamps, ditches and wet grounds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Mass.—(W. I., Mez.) P. hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small. Perennial, strigillose in parts: leaf- (nae Rare varying to elliptic-lanceolate or "linear-lanceolat e, 4-13 cm. long: ocreae long-fr ddr sparingly strigose: panicles slender, erect: ocreolae frin ET: perianth becoming 3—3.5 mm. long; sepals pink, purplish or white, not donde psu 3-angled, 2-2.5 mm. long, shining, the tip covered by the calyx.— (MILD WATER-PEPPER.)—-Swamps, wet soil, and low woods, various prov- inces, Fla. to Tex., Wash., Ont., and N. B.—(Me ea.) | 10. P. setacea (Baldw.) Small. Perennial, ai or less strigose: leaf-blades et iod ari to narrowly lanceolate, 4-18 c ong, narrowed at the base: ocreae long-fringed, coarsely-strigose: panicles PERA erect: Pn p long- and perianth becoming 2.5-3 mm. Ln sepals white or pink, not punctate: chene 3-angled, 2-2.5 mm. long, shining.—Swamps, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and e 11. P. paludicola Small. E F. a or nearly so: leaf-blades oval, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, 1.5-8 cm. long: ocreae bristle-fringed, glabrous or sparingly a cag panicles ener erect: ocreolae glabrous nn hein perianth becoming 2.5-3 mm. long; sepals greenis h, not puncta ache 3- ied broadly ud about 2.5 mm. long, shining, the apex Mm tM from the calyx Everglades, Fla. 12. P. hirsuta Soie ‘Small. Perennial, hirsute, up to the e Mini or ga abrate, the internodes merely strigillose in P. hirsuta glabre ms): leaf-blades Bde e, 3-10 em. long, cordate or subeordate i ae o ee hirsute and fringed: panicles s slender, eee ocreolae usually sparingly fringed, the cilia eg hs iduous: per Pun oe 2.5-3 mm. long; sepals white or pink t punctate: achene 2-2.5 mm. long, shining.— Swamps and wet soil, Ona Plain, Fla. and Ga- UW. I.) ae ea Hydropiper e Opiz. Annual, glabrous or nearly so: leaf- kenn owly ovate to elliptie pee ns or lanceolate, 1.5-9 cm. long: ocrea od short: RE p eles stoutish, nodding: ocreolae short-fringed: perian nth be. com 3-3.5 mm. long; sepals pier aera -punctate: achene pals jeu or 3- a ed, dull, 2.5-3 mm. long.—(WATER-PEPPER. Com SMARTW T "arcad soil and wet banks, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. ger an. f Eu. 14. P. punctata (Ell) Small. Perennial, usually nearly glabrous: leaf- blades lane du E to up er oe 2-11 em. long: ocreae long-fringed: panicles slender pare a E anthesis (very put and with re- mote oereolae and a henes pes : lon 2 2i pid leptostachya) : oereolae more or less TIME Second bonn mm. long; dn whitish or a Ea -punctate: achene db E i o 5 mm. long, shin- ing. [Polygonum acre H.B.K. ATER-SMARTW MARTWEED.) —Low grounds and swamps, various Muni , Fla. o "Tex. Calif. and S Can. —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) 15. P. orientalis (L.) Spach. s tall, more or less hirsute: deaf. blades ovate to broadly elliptic, 6-25 c ong: ocreae spreading and ciliate at the : panicles stout, nodding: Auer pubescent and ciliate: perianth becom- ing 44.5 m m. long; ces dark rose-colored, not punctate: achene lenticular, orbieular, 3- -3. 5 mm ong.—(PRINCE'S-FEATHER. PRINCE'S-PLUME.) —Road- vae waste grounds, a about dwellings, various provinces, E U. S. Nat. sia. 458 POLYGONACEAE 12. FAGOPYRUM [Tourn.] Gaertn. Annual erect smooth herbs, the stems terete. Leaves alternate, not jointed at the oblique ocreae: blades has- ate or cordate at base. Flowers borne in branching raceme-like panicles. Sepals white, 5, almost unchanged at maturity. Stamens 5-8: filaments filiform. Saas Achene 3-angled, exserted.—About 6 species, Eurasian F. Fagopyrum (L.) Karst. Stem 1-9 n tall, slightly pubescent a about the nodes: .5—3.5 mm. long: achene 5-6 mm. long.— (BUCKWHEAT. )- Fields, odes and waste- nr U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.— (W. I.)—Sum 13. TRACAULON Raf. Annual or. perennial, prickle-armed, with the sia reflexed, a -climbing herbs. Leaves alternate, not jointed at the oblique ocreae. Flowers borne in spike-like or capitate s Sepals often slightly colored, 5 or d. neither keeled nor winged. Stamens 5-8: filaments slender. Stigmas 2 or 3. Achene lenticular or 3- etn ‘nti ——About 18 species North American and Asiatie.— TlEARTHUMBS. Rak Leaf-blades sagittate: achenes 3-angled. 1. T. sagittatum. Leaf-blades hastate: achenes lenticular. 2. T. arifolium. l. T. sagittatum (L.) Small. Leaf-blades lanceolate- -agittate to elliptic- Piana Vies em. long, the basal pun eun ocreolae 3-5 mm. long: perianth becoming m. long: be mens 8: e 3— 3. 5 mm. lo ine ( ARROW-VINE.)— Wet places and meadows, various A Fla. to Tex Sask., Ont., and Newf.—Sum.—fal 2. 'T. d (L.) Raf. Leaf-blades has- tate, 2-18 cm. long, the pe ge md acuminate: ocreolae becoming 4—5 mm. ee poi 6: pine 4 mm. lo ong.—(SCRATCH-GRASS.) —W et thick- ets and meadows, various provinces, Ga. to Minn. and .—Sum.—fall—tThe calyx in both species ranges from white to greenish or red-tinged. . BILDERDYKIA Dum. Annual or perennial, unarmed twining vines. Leaves alternate, not jointed at the oblique ocreae. owers borne in branch- ing raceme-like panicles or in axillary clusters. Sepals iss or yellowish, 5, the outer ones keeled or winged at maturity. Stamens 8: filaments slender. Stigmas 3. Achene 3-angled, included. [Tiniaria Webb & Moq.]—About 8 . species, North American and As iatic.—Sum.—fall.—NIMBLE-WILLS. POLYGONACEAE 459 Outer sepals unchanged or merely keeled at maturity. Ac o en dull: inflorescence of axillary and terminal — and s ple 1. iones Ae leno. poses shining: inflorescence of axillary and terminal panicled racemes. 2. B. cilinodis. Outer sepals CODE conspicuous wings. i Sepal-wings not incised. : ature perth 6—8 mm. long, wings flat. 9. B. dumetorum. ature p 10-15 mm. long, wings crisped. 4. B. scandens. Sepal-wings incised. 5. B. cristata. 1. B. Convolvulus (L.) Dum. Stem and branches trailing or twining, green or purple- tinged: leaf-blades ovate to ovate- ae or those of the upper ones sagittate, 1.5—6 cm. long: ds ae rough- edged: per E Deus about 4 mm. long; p PE iare the saa becoming the achen ine s ea epa Mu WHEAT. )—Cult. grounds, it on and fields, various provinees, Fla. to e PEN and S Can. Nat of Eu.—(W. I x.) 2. B. cilinodis (Michx.) NK tem prostrate or twining, purple: leaf-blades er: achen ocky piace ind thickets, "Blue Ridge and more northern pro- vinces, N. C. to yr ees d N. S. B. dumetorum ae Dum. Stem twining, purple-tinged: leaf- Asi ovate to ovate-hastate, 2-7 cm. long: p P perianth becoming long: achene about 3 mm. long o UE EAT.)—Thickets, various pro- vinces, heal in the E U. S. UN at. 4. B. ens (L.) Greene. Bim and branches twining, purplish: leaf- blades Dus to go Ps 4—12 em. long: ocreae with rough ridges: perianth becoming 10- long: achene 4—4.5 mm. long.—(HEDGE-BUCKWHEAT. PUR M )— Thickets "m fence-rows, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. and S Can tata (Engelm. & Gray) Greene. Stem and branches n green 2 purplish: leaf- pane ovate to A apace 1-6 em. long: perianth becoming -7. . long: e 3 mm. long. AIDE fence- -rows, and river banks, various ce Fla. ps Tex., Okla., and Mas 15. PLEUROPTERUS Turcz. Perennial, often large many-stemmed herbs with extensively spreading rootstocks. Leaves alternate: blades broad, com- ly. date at Flower erous, bor short axillary clustered or branching panicl Sepal A Ur mostly 5, the 3 outer ones developed into I: rm wings at maturity. 8 NERO Ya ECT ments united at the base. Stigmas 3, short- fimbriate. Achene ME included.— About 4 species, Asiati P. Zuccarinii Small. Large nearly on brous herb with hollow stems 1-3 m. N 460 POLYGONACEAE leaf-blades broadly ovate, varying to elliptie-ovate, deltoid-ovate, or hastate- ovate, 5-15 em. long, finely reticulate, usually truneate at the base: panieles 2—11 em. long, the branches finely pubescent: stipe-like base of the hy ypanthium i i . lo longer than the pedicel: calyx white or r sepals oval an nthesis: achene ellipsoid, narrowed to both ends, about 2.5 mm isi black, shining (JAPANESE-KN ITADORI.)—Waste-places, woods, and f rows, various provinces, locally escaped’ from 2: e . S. from N.C. N. Nat. of Japan.—Sum.—fall.—A very per well as à vigorous plant. It rapidly forms large colonies by the Baas branched see A 16. CORCULUM Stuntz. Perennial vines with partly woody stems. Leaves alternate: blades ovate to hastate. Flowers borne in spreading or diffuse panicles whose branches terminate in tendrils. Sepals 5 or 6, the 3 outer ones conspicuously accrescent, ultimately envelop- ing the fruit as 3 broad wings. Stamens 7—9; filaments united at the base, alternat- ing with small staminodia; Stigmas 3, eapi- te. | Achenes ie ie ineluded in the sepal-wings.—Abo species, natives of Mex. and C. A 1. C. leptopus (H. & A.) Stuntz. Leaf- blades ovate in outline, more or less hastate, the larger ones 10—15 cm. long, acuminate, somewhat crisped and undulate, be at the base: a rose- ou purplish, the outer ones peser cordate at the base, becoming 15-18 mm. lo Dn. achene 8-9 mm. long, the body beet. the beak 3- angled —(MOUNTATN-ROSE. ROSA-DE-MONTANA. RAL-VINE. ri ALLAHASSEE-VINE. )—Hammocks, up dece and waste-places, Lm Fla. to Ga. Nat. of D Am. Gr. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) —A1l year.—Widely gr a ph an ornamental v 17. BRUNNICHIA Banks. Woody tendril-bearing PT Leaves alter- nate, the ocreae obsolete. Flowers borne in branching panicles. Sepals 5, sur- mounting the hypanthium which enlarges and develops a wing which is decurrent on its pedicel-like base. Stamens usually 8. Stig- mas 3, each 2-cleft. Achene 3-angled, in- eluded in the dry hypanthium.—Two known species, the following and one in Africa. 1. B. cirrhosa Banks. Stems high-climbing, much-branched, sometimes 2 œ k: leaves deciduous m blades Dedi to dod lanceolate, cris . long: peri bee d ze oc ay lore. the sepals im about 5 long: hypanthium ube and pediceltie bord pond elongated, the XE 7— . lon TM ' Buckw "Buck- VINE. ajo ostly on river-banks, Coastal Plain and ee “adi. petu Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ill, and S. C.—Spr.- 18. COCCOLOBIS P. Br. Evergreen shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, the oereae cylindric or funnelform. Flowers borne in spikes or racemes. Sepals POLYGONACEAE 461 5, surmounting the accrescent hypanthium. Stamens 8. Stigmas 3, entire. Achene 3-angled, included in the juicy hypanthium.—About 130 species, of tropical America.—The hard pod -grained wood is used in eabinet-work.—The flowers are green or greenish-yellow Leaf-blades longer than wide, narrowed at the base: fruit about c em. thick. C. laurifolia. Leaf-blades wider than long, cordate at the base: fruit 1.5—2 em. thick. 2. C. uvifera. . laurifolia Jacq. Shrub or tree: leaf-blades ovate to obovate, 5-10 em. ee narrowed or rounded at the base: panicles less than 1 dm. long in anthe- sis, the lower Monee laste aen with 3 r edicels: sepals —3.5 lon sh dei margin even b RN. p fila- ments with tooth-like staminodia: fruit black, in ae i. [C. floridana Meisn.] (P ) m on or near the coast, E pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(S. A.) —The fruits are a ‘favorite bird-food. 2. C. uvifera (L.) J Shrub or small tree: leaf- bl ades ‘suborbiewla r, 420 em. wide, cordate at t ase: panicles over 1 dm. long in dodi dense: sepals 2-3 mm. long: fruit reddish, bo in dense grape- like clusters. — (SEA-GRAPE. | GRAPE-TREE P F.) — tal hammocks and dunes, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—The fruits are used to make jelly OrpER CHENOPODIALES — CHENOPODIAL ORDER Herbs, often partially woody, or shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite, occasionally scale-like. Flowers mostly perfect, sometimes monoecious or dioecious. . Calyx usually present, the sepals mainly sep- arate. Corolla wanting, or present and of minute or large petals. An- droecium of 1-several stamens. Gynoecium of a single carpel or of sev- eral united carpels, the ovary mostly superior. Fruit various. Fruit a utricle, achene, or berry, sometimes an anthocarp, not valvate, or merely circumscissile. Fruit various, not an anthocarp. Fruit utricular. racts not scarious: stipules wanting. Erect or diffuse plants. Stamens inserted at the base of the ovary or in the margin of a short hypanthium. Fam. 1. CHENOPODIACEAE. ` Stamens inserted on the of a hypanthium which pari ex- e ec sepals in length. Fam. 2. SCLERANTHACEAE. Climbin Fam. 3. BASELLACEAE Bracts or stipule os 'Scarious. . ipules wanting: sepals scario Fam. 4. AMARANTHACEAE. Stipules present: sepals herbaceous or scarious-margined. Fam. 5. CORRIGIOLACEAE. i baccate or an achene, or aggregate. the ovary: stigmas ‘not penicellate. am. 6. PHYTOLACCACEAE. ii s present: stamens borne on the ins hypanthium : stigma peni- cella 462 CHENOPODIACEAE ee an achene: flowers perfect, not in m . Fam. 7. PETIVERIACEAE. brc A T flowers dioecious, in axillary cones. Fam. 8. BATIDACEAE. Fruit an ar UP: the achene surrounded by the calyx-tube Herbs: seed with a hooked embryo Fam. 9. ALLIONIACEAE. Shrubs or trees: seed with à Strait embryo. Fam.10. PISONIACEAE. Fruit a capsule dehiscent by apical or longitudinal valves xis in Portulaca). Ora pocta celled: corolla wanting. Fam.11. TETRAGONIACEAE. Ovary 1i-celled: corolla mostly present. Sepals 2: leaves mostly alternate. Fam.12. PORTULACACEAE. Sepals 4 or 5: leaves mostly opposite. Sepals distinct: ovary sessile: petals not clawe Fam. 13. ALSINACEAE. Sepals united : ovary stipitate: petals clawed. Fam. 14. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. Famy 1. CHENOPODIACEAE—Gooseroor FAMILY Herbs woody plants. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple. Flowers ee polygamous, vci pis. or dioecious, mostly in eongeste spikes. Calyx of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 persistent sepals. Corolla wanting. Androecium of as many Sas. as there are sepals. Gynoecium of 2 or more united earpels. Ovary 1-celled. Fruit a utricle, sometimes achene- like.—About 75 genera and 550 species of wide geographic distribution, many of them becoming weeds. Plant um succulent : the stems not conspicuously jointed : leaves alternate, not scale- PBE i annular, conduplieate, or semi-annular: endosperm surrounded by the ryo. Fruit opening at maturity, or at germination, by a lid: s perfect. Tribe I. BETEAE. Fruit indehise Flo ns mostly perfect, ebracteolate. Tribe II. CHENOPODIEAE. Ru d unisexual, the dias bi- Tribe III. SPINACIEAE. tenre dud Mee succulent : as wingless Tribe IV. DONDIEAE. Leaves, and bracts spinescent: calyx Seon ally winged at maturity. Tribe V. SALSOLEAE. Plant succulent, the stems conspicuously jointed : leaves scale-like, opposite. Tribe VI. SALICORNIEAE. I. BET Herbs with fleshy roots, crisped leaf-blades, ud the fruit aS in Lara hardened base of the perianth. . BE II. CHENOPODIEAE. Calyx ded winged in fruit. 2. CYCLOLOMA. kin iones not winged X becoming saccate and reticulate, slightly lobed. 3. ROUBIEVA. Gane n saecate nor veiny, deeply lobe e Embryo annular, encircling the endosper 4. CHENOPODIUM. Embr 5 horseshoe- shaped, not encircling tie endosperm. Pericarp aa gland-dotted: inflorescence a dicho- tomous c 5. BOTRYDIUM. Pericarp eine dotted: inflorescence spicate or paniculate. . AMBBRINA. III. SPINACIE Stigmas 4 or 5: bracts united to the apex: EA: glabrous. T. SPINACIA. Stigmas 2 or 3: bracts distinct, at least at the apex: foliage with inflated hairs, at least t when young. 8. ATRIPLEX. IV. DONDIEAE. Plants with nearly terete leaves, the mature calyx wingless, 9. DONDIA. V. SALSOLEAE. Plants with spinescent leaves, the mature calyx winged. 10. SALSOLA. I. ICORNIEAE. Green or red pied with the flowers sunken in excava- tions of the internodes 11. SALICORNIA. CHENOPODIACEAE 463 l. BETA L. Fleshy edible herbs. Leaves alternate: blades soft, more or less crisped. Flowers SEM elustered and coherent by their bases. Calyx herbaceous, hardened an osed in fruit. Sti ntror Utricle snalosad achene- like.—About 14 species, Eurasian 1. B. vulgaris L. Annual or ipsun with 8 conie or m root, commonly purplish: stem 3-7 dm. tall: le af- blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, "0.5-1.5 dm. long: sepals oblo mm keeled: fruit 4-5 mm. long.—(BzErT.)— S at. of Eu. and DM — (Mex.)—Sum.—fall.—The plant has been used as a table vegetable from Prehistoric prom The root of one variety is mportant source of sugar.— The fiers Mis greenish or reddish. OLOMA Mog. Coarse erect or spreading scurfy-pubescent herbs. gcns alternate: blades irregularly toothed. Flowers mostly perfect, or some- times pistillate. Calyx with triangular-ovate obes, developing a horizontal wing below the lobes. Utricle depressed- globose, nearly en- closed.—One species. 1. C. atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coulte Annual, 1.5-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades iene cla to elliptic, 2-8 em. long, sinuate-dentate: sepals EE red or purple in age: Wing utricle 2-3 mm. wide, the surrounding di; er: seed a wide.— (WINGED PIGWEED.)— andhills, sandy eee and Ko various "Heil Miss. to Tex., Ariz., Man., and Mass.—Sum 3. ROUBIEVA Moq. Strong-scented prostrate or procumbent pubescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades sinuate-dentate or pinnatifid. Flowers per- fect, or by abortion, pistillate, solitary or clustered in the axils. Calyx with rounde lobes, saccate and reticulate in age. Utricle compressed-globose, enclosed.—One species. R. multifida (L.) Moq. Perennial, the Eds 1.5-7 dm rd yes blades elliptie in outline or narrower, 1—4.5 em. long, deeply p atifid nui ng pend. lobe d near the of the stem; sepals 3-5: utricle glan- Feu Nd in the obovoid-calyx; seed about 1 mm. in nee adc IBCoS an cult. gro unds, Coastal Plain and acd adj. pu Fla. to Ala. and N. Y. Nat S. —Sum.-fall—The flowers are preci 464 CHENOPODIACEAE 4. CHENOPODIUM [Tourn.] L. Odorless or heavy-scented non-glandu- lar herbs, ours annuals. Leaves alternate: blades a to coarsely toothed, often mealy-coated. Sepals hooded. Anther-sacs commonly separate. Ovary often depressed.—About 50 species of wide geographic pum ec. — The seeds of some species are used by primitive people as a source of flour.—GoosEroors. PIGWEEDS.—The flowers are greenish or sometimes tinged with red. Leaf-blades smooth a shining above. I. UBBICA. Leaf- eee dull abov Seed xu yd con m the pericarp, or if adherent, blades of the lower Plants Sot Strong-scented: seed and pericarp free. II. BOSCIANA. lants SOL -scented : seed and pericarp adheren t. III. VULVARIAE. Seed adherent e the pericarp: blades of the lower leaves PIBURCCCHEHEAE IV. ALBA. I. URBICA Plant irregularly branched: leaf-blades irregularly toothed. 1. C. murale. II. BOSCIANA us plant with the blades of the upper leaves narrow and ntire. 2. C. Boscianum. III. VULVARIAE Diffuse plant with squarish-rhombic leaf-blades. 3. C. Vulvaria. IV. ALBA Blades of the lower leaves about as wide as lon 4. C. amaranticolor. Blades of the lower leaves need ioneer than wide. Leaf-blades, Sour the lower ones, entire, lanceolate or C oblong- lanceolat . C. lanceolatum. Leat- blades, toothed or lobed, broader than lanceolate, "b : Plants bright-green: inflorescence loose and open. 6. C. paganum. Piants copiously farinose: inflorescence dense T. album. Seeds 1 mm. wide or less: plant strong-scented. 8. C. Berlandieri. a 1. C. eL. Plant deep-green, somewhat mealy, 1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate ie inno -ovate, 2—8 em ong, coarsely, uum id and m RT toothed: panieles terminal and ateral, small flower-elusters naked, numerous Es clo se Pua 1.5 mm. wide, dull, acute mar gined. — (NETTLE-LEAVED Goos SEFOOT.) — ms Tor and roadsides, tubum pro- vinces, to Tex. and S Can. Nat. of Eu. a T. Mez., c. A.)—Sum C. Boscianum Moq. Plant ad ‘green, ng, 3-9 dm blades ovate, elliptic , 0 lanceolate, 1-6 em. long, thin, = lower ones ften sinuate: panicle-bran n- d der, spreading, the flow n. Knut Yu s relatively small: seed 1 in- ing, obtuse-margine od Woods thickeis, and icut a various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Minn., and 3. C. Vulvaria L. Plant white piedi much-branched, the branches b piens ndi pignore thickish, ovate, deltoid, e suborbicular, .0.5-2.5 e m. long, entire, rela atively long-petioled: flower- clusters simple PS: po ETE mm. wide, dull, Hinc rs INKING- vue CHENOPODIACEAE 465 . FOOT.)—Waste-grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Wis., Ont., and Que. Nat. of Eu.—The odor, very penetrating, may o carried long ae by the wind. C. amaranticolor Coste & Reyn. Plant 1-3 m. tall, the | stout branches ascending or erect from a spreading base, sharp-angled, ie sa de a with red, sparsely and finely farinose: leaf-blades br s mbie M ong, 0 nel oul sets nely farinose beneath when young: race Bombe ovate io oblon elliptic, pel toothed, bright red, at least when young: Mere rather dig th ers in small glomerules e ch are borne in dense spikes: sepals slightly keeled, copiously farinose and usually reddish. —Fielas an ~ places, Coastal "Plai in, N Fla. and Ga. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.)—Spr . lanceolatum ant 0.5-1.5 m. tall, the slender branches ascend- iat a late, eliptic lanceolate or el 1 or rarely b er, 2-5 . long, obtus acutish and mueronulate, inu: r the lower ones with few broad teeth, sparsely and finely fa rius bene bracia rd if at all reduced, narro iy elliptic B A inflor Rise more or less diffuse, the flowers in small glo nde whieh are borne in usually p “interrupted spikes: sepals a, d idee green with whit argin eed 1-1.2 m ide, ining, obtuse-margined.—W aste places iu En grounds various provinces, Fla. kla., Wash., and Ont.—( Eurasia.) —Sum.-f C. paganum ed Plant 0.4—1.5 m. tall, the branches stout or heri or nearly so: le ascending, obtuse-angled, bright-green, striate, glabrou af- blades rhombic- ovate rho n or ovate-elliptie, 4—8 cm. long, obtuse, ee and irregula inuate, metimes shallowl y 3-lobed or entire, bri ght-green rly nad glabrous or ae sely and minutely Ei nore beneath: bracts ovate to lanceo- late, often cuspidate, usually. entire: inflorescence ie broad and lax, the owers in la lomerules which are borne in slender interrupted spikes: sepals sharp-keeled, sparsely farinose: seed 1.3-2 mm. wide, shining, obtuse- margined.—Fields and waste e various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and Ont. Nat. of Eu. | album L. Plant 0.3-2 m. tall, the branches slender or stout, ascending, obtuse -angled, pale-green, striate, mostly glabrous: leaf-blades rhombic-ovate, rarely ov or lanceolate, -g em. long, obt and apiculate, often shal- ing -lobed, irregularly sinuate or rarely nearly entire, finely an y ensely farino neath: bracts ic to lane ceolate, usually entire: inflores- cence gere narrow and compact, the flowers in large glomerules which are cada in den n spikes: sep sharply denda. farinose: seed 1.3-1.5 wide, inin obtuse-margined.— —(La MB ’S-QU EE "Ss. ee Waste- cise nd cult. A eae various AQ Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C., Ont., N. Na —(M #.)—Sum fall. ' "Plants cooked before they and S. t. have Hoc make Ee f i 8. C. Berlandieri Moq. Plant 0.4—1.5 m. tall, the slender or stout piss ascending, pel E zn iate, glabrate: leaf- blades rhombic-ovate, oval, elliptic, 1.2-3 c ong or larger, acute or obtuse and mucronulate, sinuate b: entire, often den ae Pues se when young: bracts much redue ed, ovate to linear-lanceolate, often enti xu inflorescence-branches slender: sepals sharply- keeled, densely farinose: se mm. wide or less, shining, obtuse-margined.— Dry soil, Coastal Plain and occasionally other pro Fla. to Tex. and N.C.; also adv. N E.— —(Mex.)—Sum.—fall. 5. BOTRYDIUM Spach. Low sweet-scented glandular-pubescent herbs, ours annual. Leaves alternate: blades pinnatifid or toothed. Flowers sessile 30 466 CHENOPODIACEAE or pedieelled, in loosely dichotomous cymes. Sepals keeled. Ovary usually depressed. Seed adherent to the HA horizontal. —About 6 species of wide geographic dis- tribution.—The flowers are oro. 1. B. Botrys (L.) Small. Stem 1-6 dm tall, the branches erect or Pin leaf- blades e to de 1-5 e ong, t lobes entire or hed: anis e cymose: Ea ‘partially enclosed: han 1 wide. [ Botrys L. J- GxusaLEM- -OAK, TURNPIKE- GERANIUM. beum ER-G ERANIUM.) mi icd sides and waste-places, oy province — Coastal Plain, Ga. to a f., and S Can. Nat. of Eu. (Mez., E. A.)— Sum.-fall.—The foliage i is Rom 6. AMBRINA Spach. Erect or diffuse annual or perennial aromatic herbs, with yellow glands, and sometimes pubescent. Leaves alternate: blades eoarsely toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers ses- sile, spicate. Sepals rounded, not keeled. eeds horizontal or vertical.— Three or four species, natives of America.—The flowers are white or yellowish-green. A. ambrosioides (L.) Spach. Stem = 8 A tall, the branches someti imes decum see i podium ambrosioides MEXI WORMSEED. NKWE places, cult. grounds, and shores, various provi j Fla. to Ex Calif., Ont., and Me. Nat. of trop. Am.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A., op. Am.—( m.—fall.—The foliage and oil give off a disagreeable odor. 7. SPINACIA L. Fleshy edible herbs. Leaves alternate: blades often hastate. Flowers dioecious or rarely perfect, in compact glomerules. Calyx ri develop spine-tips, or unappendaged. Utricle enclosed, achene-like.—AÀ bout 4 species, na- tives of the Orient. 1. S. oleracea L. Annual or biennial: stem 3-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to deltoid in outline, more pd bu astate, 0.5-2 dm long: fr uit 4-5 long, the spreading jan as long as the fruit- body or longer (SPINACH. SPINAGE.)—Cult. grounds and fields Son. Nat. of the O. ^W. and cult. CHENOPODIACEAE 467 —Spr.—fall—The foliage has been used as a table vegetable from prehis- toric times. LEX [Tourn.] L. Scaly herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate or dioecious, the staminate bractless, the pistillate bracted. alyx herbaceous Utricle wholly or partially surrounded by the crested, tubercled, or winged accrescent braets.—About 135 species of wide orsi distribution.—The flowers are greenish or od The foliage of some species is boiled and eaten.—ORACHES. SALT-BUSHES. do bracts united only at the bas L Ai at least the lower ones, DDUS site; blades UR nos or subhastate, s the lower ones sometimes toothed : foliage bri gd nd glabrous. . I. HASTATAE. Leaves atena: blades usually toothed: foliage furfura- II. ROSEAE. Fruiting bracts united above the base, usually up to the middle. III. ARENARIAE. 1. A. patula. 2. A. hastata. I. E Bracts rhombic-oval, cuneate or rounded at the base Bla orbicular-deltoid or ovate-deltoid, truncate or broadly rounded at the base II. Ros Stem freely eee flowers staminate xg pistillate, mixed in axillary clusters 3. A. rosea. III. ARENARIAE Leaf- ES toothed. Staminate glomerules in elongate, usually branched spikes. 4. A. Lampa. Stam indito glomerules axillary or in short simple spikes. 5. A. pentandra. Leaf- blades entire. 6 1. ia L. ons and bur 2-9 dm. long, green: blades of the lower dn hastate and sinuate, sually entire, the lobes ascending, those of the r leaves eee Um T lanceolate, elliptic or narrowly DE -Janecola RN 2.5-8 : fruiting m. long: bract mbic-oval, often subhastate 2—6 mm. p) rounded or ly cune the base, usually denticulate seed yellowish ‘or black, 1.5-2.5 (ORAC d eee salt- marshes, Fla. to N. B., and E E o B. C.; also in calcareous bogs in Ill. 2d other inland re gions.— (Eurasia. en —fall. A. has jos ir Stem and branches 3-9 ong, green or str i de. blades of the lower E aA -hastate i o deltoid, entire, sinuate or repand, truncate subcordate at the ba se, aie lobes ae reflexed, d of E upper leaves pide d -hastate, lanceolate-hastate, oblong or r Jance olate, 2-6 em. long: fruiting bracts orbi cular-deltoid or ovate -deltoid, 3—7 lon A Cui or bs at e. pred dentieulate or rarely entire: seed cuis black, 1.5—2. wide.—Saline and ealeareous marshes, and waste- plaees, N. C. to Newf., EE Tex. to Calif., Ore. and Ind.—(Eurasia. )—Spr.- i all. 3. A. rosea L. d 2—10 dm. tall, much-branched, D Or A. leaves numerous, alternate; blades ovate, rhombi ic-ovate, or oval, 2-8 cm. long, si inuate, i oadly eu Ren Or ecd at the : flow eh s in axillary glomerules and also ae in terminal interrupted spi ikes s: fruiting bra rhombic cuneate- a, 4—5 mm. long or rarely longer, toothed at Tie near the pes seed 468 CHENOPODIACEAE dark- pu 1.5-2 mm. wide.—Alkaline soil, and waste- aaa various provinces, Fla. to N. Y.; also W U. S.—(Mez., 0. W.) —Spr.- fal 4. A. Lampa (Moq.) Gillies. Annual, pale-seurfy: stems mostly 1 m. tall or less, sometimes prostrate, often widely branched, the branches slender: leaf- AF es s or those of the upper a elliptic-lanceolate to linear, mostly 2-8 em. long, the terminal lobe ns toothed: spikes or panicles E glomerate- interrupted: fruiting brae uer or ovate-rhombic broad, shallowly toothed, the faces eps seed brown.—Waste e-places ond a mode Coastal Plain, N Fla. and Ala. Nat. of S. A.—Sum. fall. A. pentandra (Jacq.) Standley. oe or perennial, green, 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades peris : n pie or oblong-laneeolate, 1.5-3 cm. long, oer or sinuate above: fruiting bs flabellate, 2-3 mm. wide, ex toothed, the An "id 2—4 tu EN seed brown. [Obione cristata H. & B.] —Coast ‘al sand-dunes and shores, S Fla.—(W. I., S. A.)—All y 6. A. arenaria Nutt. Annual, pale or silvery, 1-5 a Mew. leaf-blades oblong to oval, obovate or narrowly elliptic, 1—4 cm. long: fruiting bracts 3-5 mm. wide, flabe llate, 3—5-toothed, the faces tuberculate or aioe seed reddish-brown. Obione arenaria Moq. J— (Be 3ACH-ORACH.)—Sea beaches, Fla. to Tex., and N. S. —(W. I.)—Sum.-fall. ALICORNIA Tourn. L. Fleshy herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite, x fleshy. a widely distributed in saline regions.—The popular name ener orig- inated from the crunching sound the plants make under foot.—GLASSWORTS. SAMPHIRES. Plant perennial: central flower extending but little higher than the Pap dor ones. 1. perennis. Plant Teese cue flower extending mueh higher than the latera Scales miucro anise spike 4-6 mm. thick. 2. S. Bigelovii. Scales obtuse or merely acutish: spike 2—3 mm. thick. 3. S. europaea. 1. S. perennis Mill. ddp ius decumbent or trailing stems and branches 1-7 dm. long, often in mats: rnodes of the inflorescence 3—4 mm. thick and about as long: seed about 12 mm. Pa bescent “with slender curved hai S. am- a Michx. ]— (Woopy o Sea. beaches and coastal salt- wow. Fla. to Miss. and N. H.—(IF. I., O. W.)— —Sum.— fall, or all year 8S. 2. S. Bigelovii Torr. Annual, stout, 1-6 dm tall, green: internodes of the i nflorescence about as long as thick; seed n black, 1.5-2 mm. TN with short curved hairs. [S. mucronata Bigel. not g.]—Salt marshes, along the ye Fla, Es "m and N. S.; also Calif.—(W. I x.)—Sum S. europaea L. Annual, relatively re do er, 1-6 dm. tall, often as or reddish: in nodes of the inflorescen dai pos es jonger than thick: seed brown, 1.5-2 m long, with short curved ha air [S. herbacea L.]—Salt marshes, along the ok Ga. to Anticosti -and S aH in ir soil in various interior provinces; BASELLACEAE 469 also Pacif. coast.—(W. I., O. W.)—Sum.-fall.—This unusual plant often forms w sive beds, and crunches under foot, like thin glass. Often brilliant red n fall. OND IA Adans. Fleshy leafy herbs. Leaves alternate: blades thick or ee entire. Flowers perfect or polyg- amous, d s hooded, keeled at maturity. Filam very sho jid 50 species, widely pou .—SEA-BL 1. D. linearis (Ell) Millsp. Plants gla- brous, 1-9 dm. tall, diffusely branched: leaf-blades nearly terete, linear, 1-5 long, acute: sepals equally cucullate- -eari- nate: seed about 1.5 mm. wide, smooth and shining. [Suaeda linearis Moq.]— (SEA- BLITE.)—Sandy shores and salt-marshes, W a Druce, which, differs from D. linearis the seed being broad, the uid -lobes | rounded or Eie carinate on the bac k, and the plant glaucous, is natural- Aa in the NE U. S. from Europe, reported, but apparently unconfirmed from our area. 10.. SALSOLA L. Coarse herbs or iiio plants. Leaves mostly alter- ate: bl arrow, firm, entire. Flowers perfect. Sepals flat, develop- ing horizontal wings. Filaments e —About 50 species LM distributed, es- pecially in saline regio S. Kali L. Ann 2— - bn tall: leaf- Ee UN Rene mm. long, the midrib prolonged n. a ae e: calyx leathery, the wings 4-8 mm. in diameter, erose or lacerate: seed shinin ! ea em. long, broad, is occasional in the E t has become thoroughly acci in the W U. S. and has proved to be a most Somer = troublesome weed as it is not confined bi ed P for its habi- —Com only known as Ped. ^ name sometimes also applied to i Men mee fs —Nat. of Eurasia.—The flowers of. both oe are green, but the mature calyx becomes more or less Gane with pink. Famity 2. BASHLLACEAE — MADEIRA-VINE FAMILY Somewhat succulent vines, with tuber -o rootstocks. Leaves alternate: blades relatively broad, entire. Flowers perfect in spike-like rac l n frui la o e a pals, sometimes wi ed i t. Corol f 5 often somewhat colored petal i On of 5 borne opposite the pet ynoecium 3-carpellar eri 1- d. Fruit petals. m vary utricular.—F ive genera and about 15. species, mostly natives of the tropies. 470 SCLERANTHACEAE . BOUSSINGAULTIA H.B.K. Vines. Leaf-blades of an ovate type, rather fleshy. acemes axillary and terminal. Sepals 2, nearly flat, not winged. Petals 5, longer than the sepals. Stigmas cleft.— Ten species, natives of trop- ical America.—MADEIRA-VINE 1. B. leptostachya Moq. Glabrous vine with slender stems and branches: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic, 2-7 cm. long, acute or slightly acu ome thickish, dicas or abruptly narrowed at the base, short-petioled: racemes slender, elongate: braetlets HABEN sepals ovate to elliptie, 1-1.5 mm. long: petals ellip- tic to oval.—Roa a pinelands, and ham- la. , Mez., C. A., S. A. —Widely tue for its bright -green foliage and very fragrant flower Famity 3. SCLERANTHACEAE —OKNaAwEL FAMILY Annual or biennial herbs. Leaves opposite, without stipules: blades r5 la O cel About 3 genera and few - s distributed i in the Old World. SCLERANTHUS L. Herbs, usually branched at the base. Leaves stiff. p slightly hyaline-margined, like the rum indurated in age. Utricle included. 3 dm ong, pubescent and ‘viscid on one es leaf- bias Dac aren 0.5—1.5 em. long: flowers greenish: din lanceolate to ovate- Pu 1-1.5 lon ng: ricle 1.5 mm. long.—(KNAY m GERM ENDE GRASS. p e waste-places, . aa old fields, E U. S., and S Can. Nat. of Eu.— Spr.-sum.—An extremely persistent weed, y N plant; also it often does not winterkill, but becomes er thereby obtain- ing an earlier blooming and fruiting seaso Famity 4. AMARANTHACEAE — AMARANTH FAMILY Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite, estipulate : blades entire or nearly so. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, in spikes or panicles with searious or colored ‘bracts. Calyx of 2-5 mostly distinct sepals. Corolla wanting. Androecium of 5, or aes distinct or monadelphous stamens. Gynoecium of 2 or more united carpels. Ovary AMARANTHACEAE 471 l-celled. Fruit a utricle or pyxidium, or rarely baeeate.—About 40 genera and 475 species, widely distributed. ART 4-celled. aves altern Fruit a a. Tribe I. CELOSI zm Fruit 1-seeded. Tribe II. AMARAN IE Leaves opposite. 'Tribe III. Gio CHE nae: Anthers 2-celled. als ae or nearly so, unchanged at l matu Tribe IV. GOMPHRENEAE. Sepals pon united, the tube indurate at maturity and variously appendage ed. Tribe V. FROELICHIEAE. I. CELOSIEAE Woody plant with spreading or vine-like branches. 1. CELOSIA. II. AMARANTHEAE Perianth present in the pistillate flowers. 2. AMARANTHUS. Perianth wanting in the pistillate flowers. 3. ACNIDA. II. CENTROSTACHYDEAE Firm-herbaceous or partly woody plants with Pond spikes, the flowers and fruits deflexed. 4. CENTROSTACHYS. IV. GOMPHRENEAE Stigma capitate. 5. ACHYRANTHES. Stigma wit slender lobes Stamen-tube with bron id lobed, toothed, or laciniate seg- no i Hout pseudostaminodia. 6. GOMPHRENA. Stamen-tube with entire segments, and often with pseudostaminodia. Flowers not compressed, borne in panicled spikes. 7. IRESINE. ae Brronely compressed, borne in dense head- like pikes 8. PHILOXERUS. V. FROELICHIEAE Herbs with virgate flowering stems. 9. FROELICHIA. 1. CELOSIA L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades mainly entire. Flowers perfect, spicate: sepals 5, scarious. Filaments partially united. Styles united. Ovules 2-8. Utricle circumscissile—About 40 species, bacis of tropieal and subtropical regions.—Forms with fasciated inflorescence are are orite garden ud —CocK'$-COMBS.—The flowers are white or greenish white. 1. C. nitida Vahl. Perennial, glabrous, 1 m. long or more: leaf-blades ovate, deltoid- ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-7 cm. long: spikes 1-3 cm. long: sepals oblong, 3.5—4 mm. long: utricle include d: seed about 1 long. [C. paniculata (Chapm. F1.)]— Coastal sand-dunes and hammocks near the ~ S Fla.; pus à Tex.—(W. I. Mez., C. A., 8. A.)—All y 2. AMARANTHUS [Tourn.] L. Herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire. Flowers polygamous, monoecious, or dioecious, densely spieate or um each btended by mostly 3 bracts. Sepals 2-5. Filaments distinct. Stigmas 2 or 8, distinct. Ovule solitary. Utricle circumscissile, irregularly opening or inde- . 472 AMARANTHACEAE hiscent.—About 60 species widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions. —Mostly weeds, but some species are cultivated for their colored inflorescences. —The flowers are green or red.—AMARANTHS. PIGWEEDS. TUMBLEWEEDS. Sepals of the pistillate flowers spatulate, clawed : flowers all Ru . CRASSIPES. Sepals of the pistillate flowers not spatulate: staminate flowers in terminal spikes or all flowers in axillary clusters in A. blitoides and A. graecizans. II. PANICULATI. I. CRASSIP Bracts pas pedicels much thickened.and duris: utricle indehis . A. crassipes. Braets ona. pedicels not thickened nor indurate: utricle circumscissile. 2. A. polygonoides. II. PANICULATI re dehiscen orescence of terminal or axillary simple or compoun spikes, and ua clusters of flowers often present in the leaf-a Doe AEE dehiscent: leaf axils without spines. Cid er than the aide or, if longer, acute minate. Bracts oDe or merely acutish, about equalling bor sepals or somewhat longer, usually red r purp 3. A. cruentus. Bracts acute or acuminate, usually twice as long as the sepals, usually green or pink. 4 . hybridus. ARPA oo longer than the utricle, obtuse or 5 Utricle proce and imperfectly dehiscent: leaf axils with rigid spines. 6. A. spinosus. 1. A. blitoides. 8 A A . A. retroflexus. A A A. graecizans. inflorescence v wholly of axillary cluster E 4 or 5: stem and branches Sroine Sepals 3: stem erect. Utricle indehiscen Utricle rugose. Flowers borne in axillary clusters: leaf-blades erisped. 9. A. crispus. Flowers borne in terminal and axillary spikes: leaf- blades flat. A narrow, linear to elliptic-linear: 0. A. muricatus. Leaf: blades broad, ovate to rhombic-ovate: ` sepals 3. 11. A. gracilis. Du smoo oth. eaf-blades membranous: flowers partly in terminal pm ikes: seeds about 1 mm. in diameter 2. A. deflexus. Leaf-blades thick and fleshy: flowers all in axillary : 5 mm. in diameter. 3. A. pumilus. 1. A. on E ht. us and branches 1-6 dm. long, stout: leaf-blades spatulate to ovate, 1—2.5 cm. long: stam ac ealyx 1.9-2.2 mm. long: pistillate ealyx 1. mm. oq soa spatulate, fet ouo A n ere Eri [i e. cras Moq.]— ocks and ae NE "Coastal ain, ES Fla. to Ala.—(W. I., S. A.)—AIl yea 2. A. eo L. Stem and branches m diy 1-2 em. long: staminate calyx 0.9-1 m. long: pi digan calyx 2.2-2.4 mm. long; S sepals pee de! ene [Amblogyna poly- f.]—Ha ocks and r sandy places “Coastal Plain, Fla. and Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) A. cruentus L. Stem 5-20 dm. tall, smooth: leaf-blades elliptie, ovate eU AMARANTHACEAE 473 or rhombic-ovate, : 5-30 em. long: staminate calyx 1-1.5 mm. long: pistillate calyx about 1.5 mm. long; sepals elliptic, often en so: utricle exceeding the E. BLOOD-RED PRINCE'S-FEATHER. PILE RT.)—Waste-plaees an vigi various erar U. 8S. suia, except the extreme west. Nat. of —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)—Sum.-fall. 4. A. hybridus Stem 5-25 dm. tall, not spiny: leaf-blades lanceolate or ovate to eju or elliptic, 3—15 em. long: staminate ca e 1.7-1.9 mm. long: pistillate calyx 1.7-2 mm. long; se pa narrowly oblong to oe late: utricle d the sepals or shorter. [4. chlorostachys Willd.]—(Pie WEED. ARAN —Waste-places and cult. n nearly throughout the U.S. and 8 Can.— (W. I, Mex . C. A., 8S. A., O. W.)—Sum.-fall. 5. A. retroflexus L. Stem 3-30 dm. tall: leaf- blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate Or sug rp d e, 5-15 em. long: staminate calyx 3.4—3.6 mm. long: pistillate eal he plone. ; sepals linear-oblong to ee paua utrielo shorter than the sepals nea REEN-AMARANTH. ult. grounds and een nearly throughout the U. S. and S Can. —(Mez., 0. W.)—Spr fall. 1. 6. A. spinosus L. Stem 2-12 dm. tall, spiny: leaf-blades ovate, rhombic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1.5-8 cm. long: staminate c alyx 2-2.7 mm. long: pistillate calyx 2-2.5 ^ poi fields, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Me. Nat. of “India. —(W. I., Mex, C. A., 0. W.)—Sum.—fall. 7. A. blitoides S. Wats. Stem 1.5-6 dm. long, p prostrate: leaf- uid rien to E bU d. or elliptie, 0.8—4 em. a nate calyx abou m. lon E calyx 2.5 RÀ XD long; sepals ciltiptic, po. ate.—(S dign NG- PIG- and - fields, and uu nearly throughout the U. 8. S€ Gan Net T es of Eu.—Sum.-fall. A. graecizans L. Stem 1—6 dm. tall, erect: bue blades spatulate, obovate, or etipti, 1-3 em. long: staminate calyx l 4—1.6 21 ag: pistillate calyx 1.8-2.2 m. long; sepals lanceolate, long-acuminate. TA. a s L.]—( Fi cui ey = Boadsides, fields, and waste- -plaees, oa T T S. and S Can.—(Mez S. A., O. W. )—Sum.-fall. - A. crispus (Lesp. & Thév.) A. Br. Stem much branched, the branches form- ing large mats: rr a rhombic-ovate to E 0.6-2.5 em . long: stami- abou nate calyx f ong: pistillate a a .5 mm. long; sepals 5, elliptic E^ mun rounded and abruptly n nted. [Eux deflexus (Chapm. F1.) ]—Waste- EA and euk. grounds, Coastal Plai fend perenne oie provinces, La., N. C., and N. Y. Nat. of Eu.— (sS. 2 a all. A. muricatus See pine Stem 3-7 dm and leaf-blades linear to pd A 2—8 cm. long: staminate calyx fully 1.5 mm. long: pistillate calyx . lo ong; En 9, elliptic, abr raptly ae —Waste- -places, Coastal Phi Ala. Nat. of S. A.—(0. W.)—A yea 11. A. gracilis Desf. Stems 2—9 dm. tall, erect: leaf-blades ovate or Pri 2-8 cm. long: staminate calyx 1.3-1.5 mm. long: pistillate calyx 1.4—1. long ; sepals 3, broadened upward, and mucronate. [Euxolus lwidus Cha an iw e M rs cult. bar Fla. to Ala., and N. C. Nat. of Afr. —(W.I all. J Mex., C. A., S. A.,) —Spr 12. A. deflexus L. Stem 1.5-6 dm. long, sometimes decumbent: leaf-blades broadly ovate, rhombic-ovate, oval, or lanceolate, 2—7.5 em. long: staminate 474 AMARANTHACEAE alyx 1-1. = mm. long: pistillat calyx 1.5-2 mm. long; sepals often 3. [Huzolus decis Raf.]— Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Ala., and Mass.; also in Calif. N ativity not known.—(Menz., S. A., 13. A. pumilus Raf. Stem 0. ay dm. tall, fleshy : us quip obo- . lon vate, rhombic, or ovate, 1-2 cm. long: s stami inate ca mm. long: pis- tillate c alyx 3-4 m m. long; Bis 5, elliptie to pa. neat, aes pointed. Eucxolus pumilus Baf.]— (DWARF- -AMARANTH. )—Sea beaches, N. C. to R. I.— —fall. 3. ACNIDA L. Herbs, mostly annuals and large. Leaves alternate: blades entire. Flowers dioecious, the spike sometimes interrupted, the stami- nate with 5 sepals and 5 distinct filaments, the pistillate flowers without a perianth.—About 6 species, native of eastern North Ameriea and the West Indies.—The flowers are green or greenish. Utricle fleshy, 3—5-angled. I. CANNABINAE. Utricle membranous, not angled. II. TAMARICINAE. I CANNABINAE Seed much flattened. In nr dre 2 m m shorter than the utricle: 2m n dia 1. A. cannabina. Eo neatly or uie Yeafless: bracts equalling the utricle or lon ate seed about 1 mm, in diameter. 2. A. cuspidata. Seed eein, lenticu Leaf-blades nao: pistillate oe few in a cluster: utricle less than 1.5 mm. lon . A. floridana. Leaf- ee T5 mm pe flowers many in a cluster: ricle ng o Sepals mucr nate: “pistillate “Inflorescence of few, usu- ally di Sane: large (8-18 mm.) glomerules. 4, A. concatenata. Sepals obtuse: pistillate inflorescence of many crowded small (4—1 0 mm.) glomerules b. A. alabamensis. II. TAMARICINAE Utricle indehiscent or irregularly dehiscent. 6. A. subnuda. Utricle cireumscissHe. T. A. tamariscina. A. nabina L. Stem 0.5—4 m. end branched above: leaf-blades ovate to eee eae or linear above, 5-15 em staminate calyx about 3 mm. long: sepals pup to ee lanceolate: xe late calyx .0 mm. long; sepals ovate to i. va 2.5-3.5 mm. long. usocarpa Mic — Cip apri WATER-LEAF.)—Tidal marshes, and shores, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, “Fla. to N. 'H. — Sum.-fall. 2. A. cuspidata tee Stem stout, 1.5-7 m. tall, widely branched: pod reed lanceo- late to Bre Aree ind AE . long: staminate calyx about 2 mm. lon tm sepal RS to elliptic- o mostly o obtuse: pistil- calyx 1.7- m. long; sepals lanceolate: ares an om zn Or d dbi jo —(CARELESS.) — —Low ham ocks, arshes, T d cult. grounds, a remote from saline situations, Coastal Plain, o La.—(W. I., Mez.)—All year.—Our largest herb, the stem often be- comin p a foot in diameter near the b The Florida plant has poe known as A. australis. AMARANTHACEAE 475 . floridana S. Wats. Stem slender, 4-15 dm. tall, simple, or pr at the puis e rir T elliptic- -linear, or narrowly elliptic , 0.8—11 em. long: Se ca 2.5 mm. long; sepals ovate to elliptic-ovate: pistilate pi 1-1.5 ey puer: lanceolate, acuminate: utricle about . long.— doen aad marshes, Fla.—All yea . A. concatenata Moq. y oe 0. aa m. tall, usually much- un leaf- blades elliptic to lanceolate, 2.5— ong: staminate calyx abou m. lon ng; sepals lanceolate to elliptic. been pistillate calyx 1-1.5 m E um ; sepal subulate- D im utricle about 1 mm. long.—Sandy banks aT dunes, Coastal Plain, Miss. to La.—Sum.—fall. 5. A. alabamensis Standley. Stem stout, 1.5—2 m. tall, rins ee o blades narrowly ovate to elliptic-ovate or elliptic: -lanceolate, 4-9 m. long: na alyx abo mm. long; sepals elliptie to Be ‘lanceolate: Sistillato calyx 1—1.5. mm. long; sepals pagar bue about 1.5 mm. long.—Brackish marshes along the coast, Ala. to La.—Sum.—fall. A. subnuda (S. Wats.) Standley. Stem slender, 0.1-0.4 m. long, prostrate id ascending, much-branched in m e planis: Jeaf-blades 2B obo- vate, D e gee or lance 0.7-7 e ong: staminate calyx about E om ong; sepals elliptie: sistillafe calyx 12 mm. long; sepals juu Do E md. about 1.5 mm. long- — Muddy or sandy stream banks, nt terior Lowland provinces, Tenn. to Mo., S. D., and Ont.—Sum.—fall. A. tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood. Stem ut, 0.5-2 m. tall, more or less branched: leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate to lan eolate or elliptic, 2-11 em. long: stam calyx 2.5-3 mm. long; sepals Mises to ovate-lanceolate: pistillete ealyx 1-2 mm . lo ong; sepals eR to lanceolate-subulate: utricle 1.5 mm. long L Swamps, fields, 2 stream-banks, various provinces, Tenn. to Tex., N. M., S. D., and Ky.; adv. E.— Sum. —fall. 4, CENTROSTACHYS Wall Herbs or woody plants. Leaves opposite: blades entire. Flowers perfect, in slender elongate spikes, commonly deflexed. Sepals 4 or 5, becoming firm. Stamens 5 or rarely fewer. Styles united.— About 12 species, natives of tropical aa warm regions. Leaf-blades abruptly pointed: sepals less than 5 mm. long: utricles less than 2.5 mm. long. 1. C. indica Leaf-blades acuminate: sepals over 5 mm. long: utricles over 2.5 mm. long. 2. C. aspera. 1. C. indica (L.) Standley. Plants ed A tall, =a p leaf-blades uud rhombie-ovate to obovate or cuneate, 1— 3 em ong, truneate or retuse apex, and abruptly tipped: Dee 2. 5-8 mm. i ong-aeuminate: 2 e 3—4 "E Tu utriele with a mm. lon at the ^ nde obras ol m. |—Cultiva ated d cim and waste places, Con Plain, Fla. o Ala. Nat. of Asia.— (W. I., Mex M A., $ A.) 2. C. aspera (L.) Standley. Plants 6—14 dm. tall, copiously pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic or nearly so, 7-16 cm. long, acumi- nate: braets 4—4.5 mm. long, abruptly long- aristate: sepals m o ete 6-7 mm. long: utricle about 3 lon [A mm chyr anthes aspera L. ]—Hammocks, S Fla. Nat. of trop. Am.— (W. I., Mez., C. A.) 416 AMARANTHACEAE 5. ACHYRANTHES L. Herbs (ours perennial). Leaves opposite: blades entire or nearly so. Flowers perfect, in head-like spikes. Sepal eq white or gree a Filam ents united at the base. Staminodia meee sage: than the anthers. Styles united. aiii ME Forsk. ]—4About 45 species, most numerous in the tropics.—CHAFF-FLOWERS. Spikes sessile, axillar I. REPENTES. Spikes terminating elongate peduncles. II. RAMOSISSIMAE. I. REP SNE tube T short, the doe d Sor ave the fila- nts, tire or merely hed. Sepals rigidly ed tipr E Sepals 6 mm. lon r more: staminodia toothed : leaf- blades Gauge as broad as long. 1. A. leiantha. Sepals 5 mm. long or eS staminodia entire: leaf- blades longer than bro 2. A. repens. Sepals merely acute, nor rigid- tipped. 3. A. polygonoides. Stamen-tube elongate: staminodia equalling the filaments or much longer, laciniate. 4. A. maritima. . RAMOSISSIMAE Flowers sessile in the bractlets: leaf-blades narrow, linear or narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, not acumin nate. 5. A. philoczeroides. Flowers stalked, the stalk articulate, 5-grooved: leaf-blades road, ovate or elliptic, varying to broadest above the middle or below it, more or less acuminate. 6. A. ramosissima. 1. A. leiantha (Seub.) Standley. Branches prostrate, mostly less than 1 m. long, 32 villous: Ax blades id b APA or broadly oval, varying to ovate or dein 1.3-5 abruptly shor pointed, EA HOMO the m idrib ava dam E sepals lanc o to elliptie: iae the larger ones becoming 4.5-5 mm. ong, rely longer, prominently subulate- malle i t : ments subulate, alternating wit . lanceolate n n diam eter.—Waste grounds and 1 roadsides, Qu ls Ww to Ala. Nat. of S. A—(W. I., » €. A.) A. repens L. Stem and branches pros. trate and often creeping, 1-5 dm. lon ng, co- piously pubescent with white ha irs le af. blades broadly D oval, or edid 8-20 em. long, usually abruptly pointed: sepals lanceolate ovate- lanceolate, abruptly pointed: utricle ovoid-globose. [ Alternanthera ds tha R. Br. Alter MP repens (L.) Kuntze]— aste-places, cult. grounds, and sidewalks, Coastal Plain and southwestern prov- inces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and S. C. Nat. of Asia.—(W. I., Mex 3J 9. A. polygonoides (L.) Lam. Plant similar to that of A. repens, but less pubescent or glabrate: leaf-blades nomial dead to elliptic, 5-20 mm. long, obtuse or acute: sepals elliptic, acute, the larger ming about 5 mm long: utricle globular or globular- a [ Altern bate eas paronyehioides St. Hil. Te d is rid ides Moq.|—Cult. grounds nee oadsides s o La., and N. C. of Trop. Am.—(W. I., Mes, C. A., PS —All yea 4. A. maritima (Mart.) Standley. Stem and branches procumbent or ‘pros- trate and creeping, 3-21 dm. long, Sie except at the leaf-axils: leaf-blades AMARANTHACEAE 477 cuneate, obovate or elliptic, 1.5-6 em. long, rounded at the apex or acutish: sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, the outer ones becoming 4-5 mm. long, the acuminate apex rigid: utricle obovoid. [Alternanthera maritima St. Hil. Telanthera maritima. Moq.]— "ia E wis jus ee coastal and interior, pen. Fla and the Keys.—(W. I 4.) —A1l y 5. A. philoxeroides (Mart.) x ed Stem and branches decumbent or r pros- trate, stout, often fistulous, 3-15 em. long, glabrous, except at the leaf-axils, and sometimes near the tips: leaf- blades 3-11 em. long, acute obtuse: sepals l A lanceolate, elli iptic, or ovate-elliptic, becoming 6 mm. long. lternanthera P d Griseb.]—Low waste-places, ponds, ditches, bayous, and slow streams, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. f Nat. E. S. A.—All year.—In souther pedet this plant is as much of a pest as water hyacinth, often filling P ditches and bayous with a Agate mass of peat PAE choki ing out other plants. 6 A. ramosissima (Mart.) Standley. Stem usually much-branched, the branches i spreading, reclining, or even vine-like, 5-400 em. long, more r less strigose, sometimes TAn leaf-blades elliptic or oval, varying to low broadest above the middle or be t, acuminate, mostly 2-9 cm. long: sepals lanceolate to ne bii becomin ng 4—5 mm. long. ETRAS florida Chapm. T. bras a (Chapm. Fl). Alternanthera bras a Uline & Bray Alternan thera foridang Small Re glee Moquinii aL not Webb.]— Hammocks, S Fla.—(W. I., S. A.)—All y 6. GOMPHRENA L. Herbs (ours mostly perennials). Leaves opposite: blades entire. Flowers perfect, usually in terminal head-like spikes. Sepals 5, short style.—About 90 species, widely dis- tributed, but most abundant in South America. 1. G. dispersa i mo ies and branches mbe diffu bi or dee nt, somewhat appressed- pubescent: le af. blades E elliptic- spatulate, or elliptic, 2-5 em. long: bractlets becoming 5-6 mm. long, white or purplish- : at lan NT BUTTON. wb plaees aa roadsides, ow tal Plain, Fla. to Nat trop. — , Mez., C. A.)— A fav orite plant in old tus gardens. — The ae are "white, yellow, purple, or red. 7. IRESINE R. Br. Herbs with erect or diffuse stems. Leaves opposite: blades broad. Flowers dioecious, paniculate. Sepals 5, equal, obtuse, acute, or acuminate. laments united at the base. Staminodia wanting. Stigmas ses- sile.—About 20 species, natives of temperate and tropical regions.—The flowers are white, pink or greenish. Plant annual, but sometimes persistent for more than a year from a stout e DES sepals of the Ds flowers 3-veined, obtuse. 1. I. Celos Plant perennial from ongate FOOL oes Sepals of the pistil- late flowers faintly 1-veined, acute, 2. I. rhizomatosa. 478 AMARANTHACEAE 1. I. Celosia L. Annual, but sometimes persistent from a stout taproot, T 1-3 m. tall, erect or clambering : leaf-blades ovate, rhombic, or lanceolate, 3-14 e long, obtuse a hort-acuminate, some- times soft-pu o Hi perds s much-branched, the pistillate ones with fluffy wool at the base oft owers: sepals elliptic, 1-1.5 ong, tuse: utricle shorter than the calyx Laie aniculata (L.) Kuntze |— ocks, marshes and old fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A. Mirac —fall or all year $. long, glabrous, or with few short soft hairs, especially beneath: sepals ovate-elliptic or ivti ong, acute or A ped utricle equalling the ealyx or longer. —River-banks, bottoms, meadows, and w di various provinees, N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex., Kans., and Md —Su m.—fal C pand =p "Gd œ ped Hor EL E O3 B B PHILOXERUS R. Br. Herbs with prostrate or creeping branches. AN opposite: blades narrow. Flowers perfect, in dense head-like spikes Sepals 5, very unequal, the outer ones, at least, obtuse. Filaments united at the base. taminodia wanting.—About 10 species, widely distributed in warm coastal regions. . P. vermicularis (L.) R. Br. oe some- . lon .o-4 mm. long, t uter long, the inner lanceolate. [Iresine vermicu- laris (L.) Moq. Lithophila vermicularis Uline]—Coastal sand-dunes amp d and uie places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex —(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A., O. W.) —All year. 9, FROELICHIA Moench. Herbs (ours annual or biennial). Leaves opposite: blades entire. Flowers perfect, in dense spikes on long peduncles. alyx crested or tubereled at maturity. Filaments united into a long tube.—About 12 species, American 1. E. TA Pu Moq. Plants rather slender dm. tall, sometimes brane die puberulent: leav , eonspieuously remote; blades linear or spikes 1- nently toothed erests and 1 or 2 tubercle- like or spiny ridges on one or each face at CORRIGIOLACEAE | 479 maturity.— (COTTON WEED. area ene ere and sandy old fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.; adv. in Del.—All year 8S. Famity 5. CORRIGIOLACEAE —WuirLow-wogT FAMILY Herbs, but often firm or woody at the base. — opposite, stipu- late: blades entire. Flowers perfect, eymose. Calyx s awned or cuspidate at the sd or 5 stamens borne on the margin of the minute or long hypanthium. Gynoecium mostly 2-carpellary. wanes 1-celled. utricle or an achene. Seed ee —About 20 genera and 100 species of wide uero. distributio Hypanthium very small: stamens borne on its edge under the ovary. Tribe I. PARONYCHIEAE. Hypanthium well-developed, nearly or quite as long as . the ealyx: stamens borne high up on its edge. Tribe II. SIPHONYCHIEAE. I. ner dd Wee Sepals with ue awns on the back of the hood. 1. PARONXCHIA. or mucro on the back of tno hood. lender. turgid at the base: sepals narrow, elongate: r-sacS narrow. 2. GASTRONYCHIA. Calyx Bot turgid at the base; sepals broad: anther- saes bro ad: 3. ANYCHIASTRUM. Style wanting or very short. Sepals mucronate. 4. ANYCHIA. epals umbonate at the apex. 5. NYACHIA. II. SIPHONXCHIEAE Flowers subtended by eee bracts at maturity. Sepals short and prose, a mucro: oe urceolate. 6. SIPHONYCHIA. e e nd n o Dno ut a mu : flower subu- late or Bio Comum te. 7. ODONTONYCHIA. Flowers subtended by indurated br acts at maturity. 8. GIBBESIA. 1. PARONYCHIA [Tourn.] Adans. Annual or perennial herbs, with short tufted or matted branches and longer, often erect flower-stems. Leaves with narrow, ofton bristle-like blades. Sus eompaet or congested. Sepals narrow, hooded at the apex, and terminating in a cusp or awn, sometimes alternatin with E bristles or tooth-like ee ioe included. —— bs ‘species, natives of warm regions.—Sum.—fall—WHITLOW-WworRTs. NAILW Cymes nearly naked: calyx glabrous: bracts bristle-like. 1. P. dichotoma. Cymes densely silvery bracted: calyx pubescent: bracts linear. 2. P. argyrocoma. 1. P. dichotoma (L.) Nutt. Plants in tufts: leaf-blades bristle-like, 1-3.5 cm. long, often Maa anager flowering stems 1—4 dm. tall, glabrous or a sepals becom . long, a short ORT.) —Roc d provinces N of Me SN Plain, N.C.t Tex., W. Va. 2. P. argyrocoma (Michx.) Nutt. Plants 7a o s Po -o nearly so, flat, tops, cliffs, and rocky slopes, often in acid soil, Blue "Ridge and adj. provinees, Ga. and. Va.— Carpets of this ee on the nie 480 . |J .CORRIGIOLACEAE peaks of the southern oe are striking as a result of the silvery stipules, hence the name SILVERLIN 2. GASTRONYCHIA Small. Annual herbs with radially branched stems, at maturity usually in cushion-like tufts. Leaves with rather broad blades. " : ith minute hood at the apex and a slender spine- like eusp. Anthers narrow. he n. united, sometimes separating age partly deciduous. Utricle included in ae swollen bottom of the calyx.—One species. 1. G. herniarioides (Michx.) Small. Plant in a depressed mat, finely somewhat rough- a : dm. long: pubescent, the branches 0.5—2 leaf blades elliptie to oval, or those of the Ñ leaves spatul cap with a minute pale apical cusp: MN T late, about 1.5 mm. long, rarely larger rud pubescent, the swollen b n part and is E about equal in len d utricle about half as long as the calyx. [Par herniarioides Nutt. TU herntarioides ‘small. T Sand. hills ad js Coastal Plain, "Fla. to N. C.—Spr.-fall. ANYCHIASTRUM Small. Annual or rarely perennial herbs with dii ei bes ing, usually prostrate branches. Leaves with narrow blades. Cymes effusely branched, the cymules usually lax. Calyx not swollen near the base. iae broad, with a wide hood at the apex and a short stubby mucro. Anthers broad. Styles elongate, united, separating and partly deciduous in age. Utricle reaching the top of the calyx or exserted.— Three species in the SE U. S.—Sum.—fall. Annual or biennial plants, the stems pubescent, Calyx pubescent: leaf-blades ciliate. d. Baldwinii. Calyx glabrous: leaf-blades not ciliate. 2. A. montana. Perennial plants, the stems glabrous. 3. A. riparia. 1. A. Baldwinii (T. & G. ) Small. Stem and branches minutely pubescent, main ones 1-4 dm. long, usually with eA short-lateral branchlets: leaf- blades narrowly elliptie to linear "alli tic, 8-2 tel e scurely so: sepals oval to ovate, a long, pubescent: bb. ele equ or slightly longer. [Par hi Chapm.]—Dry sandy soil, often on sand- dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. La. and N. C. 2. A. montanum Small, Stems and branches diffuse and oe esc us branehed, minutely pubescent, rather uniformly dichotomous spatulate, 4-11 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so: sepals ovate to elliptic- aes about mm. long, glabrous: utricle includ —Dry woods, Blue Ridge and adj. provinces, Ga. o Pa. CORRIGIOLACEAE 481 3. A. riparium (Chapm.) Small. Stem and branches prostrate, glabrous, 2—12 dm. long, with us pe i lateral branchlets: cng ns E be erie elliptic, 5~12 mm. long, glabrous: sepals ovate or ov ong: utricle about as ae as the calyx. [Paronychia 22 gh apm. oe ect soil, river-banks and sandhills, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ala. and N. C. 4. ANYCHIA Michx. Annual herbs with forking stems. Leaves herba- ceous, with narrow or rather broad flat blades. Stipules lacerate. Cymes ter- minating the branches, the cymules open or clustered. Sepals with narrow margins, hooded and mucronate. Anthers usually borne about half way up on the inner face of the sepal. Styles short, aim ne by the follow- ing two species.—Sum.-fall.—FORKED-CHICK Leaves glabrous: sepals flat at maturity: utricle much exceeding E calyx. Mp canadensis. EE pubescent: sepals ridged at maturity: utricle about S long as the calyx. 2. A. polygonoides. 1. A. canadensis (L.) B. S. P. Stem 0.5— dm. tall, the branches very slender often Rs capillary, long- jointed, glabrous: leaf- blades thin, elliptie to oval, 0.5-2 em. long, deep-green, typically obtuse, petioled: cymes open: bracts broad, obtuse sepals obtuse, with wide searious d s [A. dichotoma capillacea (Nutt.) Torr.]— D ods and shaded hillsides, various provinces, Ga. to Ark., Minn., Ont., and Mass. | 2. A. polygonoides Raf. Stem 0.5-3 dm tall, bed branehes slender, do. en pubescent: leaf- ved ee e iu neer-llptio 0-1. . lon E pa ale- Lisa ly acute, sessile pe nea mpact: bracts rrow, rel uei. sepals y pos qs pud or obseure M margins. [4. dichotoma (Fl. SE. U. 8.)]— (OMA Mint. woods, hillsides and dry open slopes, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mi and Me. 5. NYACHIA Small. Annual | irai branched partly fleshy herbs. Leaves e with broad, but revolute blades. Stipules pectinate fim- briate. Cymes much branched, the cymules borne all along p ranches. pals wit broad wing-margins, hooded and with a thick umbo. Anthers relatively large, borne in the sepal-hood. Styles very short, dis- tinct.—One species. 1. N. pulvinata Small. Stem branched at the base, the branches radially ee and repea tedly dichotomous, 5-20 em. long, wi leaf- blades o ovate to ler | pol @ =} 6 [e | LI s6 ct .. CP t I oS mm. yx about 0.5 mm. long, its sepal hoods blunt, pale, prse jm utriele oval or ellip- soid, a m. Wi Rd E S end of lake oun Fla.—Spr.-s 31 482 CORRIGIOLACEAE SIPHONYCHIA T. & G. Annual or biennial herbs with s poak stems and branches. Leaves with narrow, somewhat fleshy, curved blades. Cymes several- to many-flowered, po densely ch in age. Sepals broad, narrowly or widely hooded at the apex and minutely or obseurely euspidate, pale or pale-margined, longer or shorter than the hypan- thium. Utricle ineluded.—Following are the only known species.—Spr.—fall. Sepals aee at the tip, with an evident but minute cusp, erae bas the hypanthiu S. diffus Sepals brondened at the tip, with an obscure cusp, shorter than e panthium. Cymes many-flowered: cymes with minute bracts. S. americana. Cymes few-flowered: cymes with foliaceous bracts. 3 S. pauciflora. S. diffusa Chapm. Stem and branches 1-6 dm. long, minutely pale-pubes- cent: blades of the d pd leaves du iE linear-oblanceolate, or linear- spatulate to almost linear, 0.5-2.5 cm. long, hirsutulous: cymes ultimately ien glomer ulate: flowers over ed sepals ovate to lanceolate, as Ee e hypan- vac or unl longer, d eh ice E iis the e apex and a cusp.—. cA nds. perce adis and RUD. Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga. S. americana (Nutt) T. & G. Stem and bran : g, minutely retrorse- pubescent when young, obscurely pubescent or ge: of the cauline TWIST LADLNE MEC or = i usually pale agian ciliate: flowers scarcely . 1.5 mm. long: sepals Bs as long as the noo or buon with a broad “dilated ‘hood at the inflexed a apex and an obscure cusp.—Sandhills, dry pinelands, and old fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C. 3. S. paucifiora Small. Stem and saci 1-6 dm. long, obseurely pubescent or glabrous in age: leaves similar to those of S. e na, but usually larger and less pubescent: flowers about 1.5 mm. ee epal obovate- cuneate, rather shorter than the hypanthium, with a broad dilated hood at the inflexed apex and an AE cusp.—Sandhills, dry woods, and pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and G . ODONTONYCHIA Small. Annual or perennial herbs, with erect or diffuse stems and branches. Leaves somewhat fleshy, the blades narrow, entire. Cymes corymbose, compact or M. the cymules o Sepals concave, sometimes with a mere indication a blunt or acute mucro. Utricle included. —Only the following species ch Stem and branches glabrous: hypanthium glauco bá 1. O. erecta. Stem and branches pubescent: hypanthium pubese epals lanceolate when flattened : hopes Duy pubes- cent. 2. O. interior. Sepals ovate when flattened : hypanthium minutely pubescent. 3. O. corymbosa. 1. O. erecta (Chapm.) Small. Plant glaucous, the branches erect, E dm tall: leaf-blades mainly spatulate, linear-oblanceolate or linear, 0.5-3 e m. long, PHYTOLACCACEAE 483 the silvery stipules very conspicuous against n Siphon Coastal sand: d. N Fla. a 2. O. interior Small. Plant closely brown- pubeseent and often somewhat viseid, the branches spreading, 1-4 dm. lon ng: leaf- d blades spatulate to linear, 0. 5s 2.5 em. long, |: inary e pubescent: cymes open , dif- 5 fuse: flow iss e 2.5 mm. long: sepals 34: | eee ae uch lon oe than the GE hy ypan nthium: T pe than 1 mm. long.— Y rub. N Fla. ha corymbosa Small. Plant minutely grayish, ee the P ' r3 dm. tall: - esi pcd: to E iptie or linear, 0.5-1.5 e ien minutely p aggregated in a co Pd terminal obs: flowers scarcely 2.5 um "sepas ovate, DUE slightly longer than s hypan nthium: utricle bon l mm. in diameter. — Coastal sand-dunes, N Fla. Mis 8. GIBBESIA Small. Annual or biennial herbs with erect stems. Leaves with narrow blades. Cymes several to many-flowered, dichotomous, the eymules often compact, but not glomerulate. Sepals narrow, pale, minutely hooded and cuspidate yA t the apex, longer than the hypanthium. bl ineluded.—One species. Rugelii (Chapm.) Small Stem 1-5 dx tall, rather closely, pale-pubescent, ulti- mately effusely branched: oa A nar- Or asi uc 1-3 TEN slightly more sely pubescent nee the «Nus epals pud S B about 2 ong, e cusp acute. [Paro ronychia Rugelii wo —Sandhills, pinelands, and old Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ala. and a Sum.-fall. Famity 6. PHYTOLACCACEAE — PokEWwEkED FAMILY Herbs, enue or trees. Leaves alternate: blades entire, sometimes oD this species have partly united and wholly united styles. The petals are whit 11. STIPULICIDA Michx. Perennial Agee herbs. Leaf-blades di- lated at the base of the plant, scale-like above. Flowers in terminal capitate clusters. Sepals 5, notched or emarginate. Petals 5, p oothed near the base. Stamens 3-5. Style short. Capsule longer than the sepals.—Only the following species known.—Spr.—fall Stem or branches wire-like : flowers 3-6 in a cluster : Dore Runden 1. S. setacea. Stems or branches filiform: flowers solitary or 2-3 cluste petals constricted at the middle. 2. S. filiformis. 1. S. setacea Michx. Rap 5—22 em. tall: leaf-blades spatulate to o S a. 8-15 mm. long or longer: sepals elliptic to cuneate, 504 CARYOPHYLLACEAE long, o hyaline-margined: capsule r l mm. long.—Pinela n and sandhills, | Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C. 2. S.filiformis Nash. Plants iod em. tall: leaf- ies dide about 4 . long: sepals obov 1.5-3 mm. ica. Sod Peur capsule scarcely l mm. d "e scrub, Coastal Plain, ese to Miss.—The a start with a dense sette of small leaves. They grow best - the ibd sterile white sand. Plan vary from those with a single stem to "o with a hundred or more stems thus formed into dense dome-like clusters. Famity 14. CARYOPHYLLACEAE — Pink FaAmity rbs with stems usually swollen at the nodes. Leaves opposite: dioecious. Calyx of 4 or 5 partially united sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 distinet petals, the claws in the calyx-tube, the blades often appendaged at the base. Androecium of usually 8 or 10 distinct ds ens. Gynoecium a . Ova apical valves.—T wenty genera and 600 species, widely inne Armeria L. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, utely eL ca ele blades of the cauline z pu , He blades often with connate bases. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or rarely l Calyx-tube with 5 ribs, nerved or nerveless ; styles 2. Tribe I. DIANTHEAE. Calyx-tube with 10 or more ribs: styles 3 or more. Tribe II. LYCHNIDEAE. I. DIANTHEAE Petals unappendaged. Calyx terete or nearly so, subtended by bractlets. 1. DIANTHUS. Calyx angled, or wing-angled in fruit, not Bie late 2. VACCABIA. Petals appendaged at the blade-base: calyx without bractlets. 3. SAPONABIA. II. LYCHNIDEAE Styles 3, or rarely 4. 4. SILENE. Styles 5. Calyx-lobes relatively small, short: petal-blades appendaged. 5. LYCHNIS. Calyx-lobes foliaceous, elongate: petal-blades unappendaged. 6. AGROSTEMMA. 1. DIANTHUS L. Perennial or rarely annual herbs. Leaf-blades usu- ally narrow. Flowers perfect, sessile. Calyx narrow: tube equally striate. Petals 5: blades narrow. Ovary elongate. Capsule narrow, sessile.—About 200 species, natives of the World, except one extend- a: into m America.—PINK. CARNA- ON.—Many species are poseen among ie pinks of the garden long. N a fields, and woods, various provinces, Ga. Ia., Mich., and Me. Nat. of Eu.—Sum CARYOPHYLLACEAE 505 2. VACCARIA Medic. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades relatively wide. Flowers pedicelled. Calyx inflated: tube angled or winged. Petals 5: blades broad. Capsule slightly longer than thick.— | Three species, natives of Eu. and Asia. a (L.) Britton. Stems Me. Nat. o u.—Sum This spe cies is said to have come originally A om conti ene oe he showy n in flow They ms pts a long time an cn ed. gar arden annual. It is said to be a favorite food of eattle. , SAPONARIA L. pn or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades often broad. Flowers pedicelle Calyx narrow: tube terete. Petals 5: blades narrow. Ovary elongate. Coane body E or ee short-stipitate.—About 35 species, natives of the Old World. 1. S. officinalis L. Ste 3-9 dm. long, often decumbent: le af blades elliptic to SS ex Ane AN lanceolate, 8-11 cm. long: ca — m ong; lobes triangular to lanceolate: petal- blades cuneate, 15-18 m m ipis pink o ite: capsule-body "12-2 (SoAPWOR BOUNCING-B - E K.) —Waste-places, roadsides, fence-rows, and river-banks, generally in e : at. of Eu.—Sum.-fall.—A rapid- uad pus cus weed. Double-flowered forms r. The juices contain pon 4, SILENE L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades various, com- monly narrow. Flowers mostly pedicelled. Calyx narrow or becoming inflated: tube 10—many-nerved. Petals 5: blades often toothed at the apex or lobed. Ovary somewhat elongate. Capsule-body much longer dus thiek.—About. 250 species of wide geographic distribution.—CAMPIONS. CATCHFLYS. Calyx clavate, cylindric, or campanulate, definitely 10- ribbed. I. STELLATAE. Calyx ovoid or globular. obscurely 15-20-ribbed. II. LATIFOLIAE. I. STELLATAE Plants perennial. Calyx inflated. ,eaves in whorls of 4's: petals laciniately cleft; ap- endages wanting. 1. S. stellata. aves opposite: petals 2- ud appendages present. 2. S. alba. Calyx merely filled by the ca rolla white or pink. "Bia a a the petals erose Petal-claws much exceeding the calyx: ealyx dor sparsely glandular-pubescent: style i much longer than the ovary. 3. S. caroliniana. 506 CARYOPHYLLACEAE Petal-claws about equalling the calyx: calyx densely pubescent NE iom ndless hairs: style about as long as the 4. S. Wherryi. Blades of the petals fringed. Mes "Olchotonousis cleft. p with short rigid hairs: calyx about 1 cm. SEEMS with villous pubescence: calyx about 2.5 et . S. ovata. 6. S. Baldwinii. Corolla AER on crimson. Pe Me 2-lobed. t S finely pubescent: upper stem-leaves with blades several times longer than broad. 7. S. virginica. Stems villous: upper stem-leaves with blades usually less than twice as long as broad. 8. S. rotundifolia. etals entire T BIB SO, sometimes merely erose. 9. S. regia. Plants annual or bienn Inflorescence simple. 10. S. anglica. Inflorescence branched. ‘lowers in dichotomous racemes, 11. S. dichotoma. lowers in dichotomous cyme liage pubescent: stem viscid. 12. S. noctifiora. Foliage glabrous, normally glutinous about the nodes of the stem 13. S. antirrhina. II. LATIF Perennial herb usually branched at the base, ae opens more or less nodding. 14. S. latifolia. 1. S. stellata (L.) Ait. f. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, usually minutely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate, 4-12 cm. long: calyx becoming 10-16 mm. long; lobes about 4 as long as the tube: petals aie 1.5-2 em. long; : eapsule-body subglobose to ovoid- rbi 6-8 mm. long, reeled ae dio te— (Bran CAMPION. WIDOW’S-FRILL. or ae woods, various pog Ga. t to Tex. Minn., and Mass. —Sum 2. S. alba Muhl. Ste em 3-8 dm. tall, some- times minutely pubescent: leaf-blades lanceo- late to ee. or slightly broadest e the middle, 4-1 . long yx Vp 14—16 mm. ed zs about + i long as the tube: petals white, 2-2.5 c long; blades pra ard body DDR. p ovoid, 9-11 mm. long.—(SNOWY-CAMPION. —River shores and es jou provinees, N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Nebr., Minn., and Md. —Spr 3. S. caroliniana Walt. Stem 1-2.5 dm. long, closely pubescent: leaf-blades T to linear- T on the Su par a the stem, lanceolate above, 3-1 . long: calyx e , becoming 2-2. B c . long; lobes broadly ovate: pet "hs pink Or elio te "blades about 1.5 em. long: age: raised above the calyx- Wie on the long claws: capsule 9-11 mm. long. [s. pennsylvanica Muhl.]—(WILD-PINK. — ROCE- ut mt aded T and rocky woods, various provinces, Ga. to Ky. and M 4. S. Wherryi Small. Plant similar to S. olimiana in pdt p foliage: calyx densely pubescent with whitish gee i petals white to rose-pink, the blades less notehed than in those of the next SM um ous little, if at all raised above the e alyx-lobes.—Rocky slopes and stream banks, Interior Low Plateaus and ud. provinces, Ala. to Mo. and S Ohio.—Spr. S. a Pur Ste 2 dm. tall, minutely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to ate ee or alliptic: lanceolate, 4-15 em. long: calyx becoming 8—10 CARYOPHYLLACEAE 507 mm. long; lobes deltoid to 2 pue petals white; blades 1-1.5 e long: capsule-body n arrowly ovoid, 8-9 long. —Woods, Blue Ridge End a provinces, Ga. to “Ala. ud. N. G.; aa Ozark Plateau, Ark.—Sum S. Bal i Nutt. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, Mrs: wed preis spatulate to dude Or Tanceolate, 8—9 em. long: s pre ing 2.5 em. long; lobes lanceo- late: petals white or pink; blades 2-2.5 em. long, fiabellate : capsule. -body oval, : oi ng.—Woods, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Fla. to Ga.—Spr. S. virginica L. Stem 2-5 vd tall, mm elammy-pubescent: E URN to ‘elliptic or lanceolate, 5-20 em. long: calyx becoming 2-2.5 c ong; lobes ovate to deltoid- ovate’ petals crimson, blades linear ud narrowly nid Ere em. elm apsule-body narrowly o obovoi 10-15 mm. long.— (FIRE-PINK.)— Open woods and gravelly or sandy hi illsides, various poteram N of mien) Plain, Ga. to Ark., Minn., Ont., N. Y., and N. J. —Spr.—fall. 8. S. rotundifolia Nutt. Stem 2-7 am. t tall, m -villous: leaf-blades eni late to oval or ovate, 5—20 cm. long: calyx beco ing 2.5-3 em. long; lobes lanceolate: petals bright sie hades elliptic, 1-1.5 em wi ong: capsu on Hes —22 mm. long.—Rocky banks, re eal Plateau and occasionally adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala. and Ohio.—Sum 9. S. regia Sims. Stems 6—15 dm. tall, viscid-pubescent: see blades pesos be to ovate, or narrower at the base of the stem, 4—8 ong: calyx becoming 2—2.5 em. long; lobes ovate: petals scarlet; blades 1.5-2 em. long sapsule-body 15-20 mm. long.—Dry or dus ae various provinces, N of astal Plain, Ga. to Okla., Mo., and Ohio 10. S. ae ca L Stems 2—4 dm. tall, villous: leaf-blades o 7 a 9 € ca l s than 1 m long: white um Or ani with a pink or white border in S. anglica a. —6 mm. long: capsule 8—9.5 mm. long. rid plaees, various provinees, S. C. to Ont. and Me.; also Pacific as Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-su S. dichotoma Ehrh. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf-blades sie to lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long: calyx- n wing-ridged, bride over 1 em. long: petal-blades white or pink, 6-8 m . long: eapsule 10—11 Sig —Fields and waste- tie locally in the U. S. Nat. of uim p S. tiflora L. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, closely pubescent: leaf-blades spatu- m to olliptie Or buco p em. long: calyx-tube P gis ulti- mately 12-15 mm. long: petal- -blades 9-11 mm. long, white or nearly so: capsule 15-20 mm. long.—(NIGHT-FLOWERING CATCHFLY.)—Roads e fields, Bio waste- plaees, various E Fla. to Mo., Man., and N. B. Nat. of —Sum 13. S. antirrhina L. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, with Sage patches near pu nodes: leaf-blades linear to linear-elliptie, or the low elliptie, 2-8 em. long: ealyx-tube 5.5-7.5 mm. long, ultimately ovoid or pico Em ‘in S. anti wrhina linaria): petals white or pink; blades cu s to linear, 6-8 mm. long: eapsule 6-8 mm. long, not stipitate.—( SLXEPY-C TCHFLY (gre ae and plaees, eult. Lc and roadsides, various pecie Fla. to Tex., B. C., Ont., and Me.—(Mez.)—Sum 14. S. latifolia (Mi) Britton & Rendle. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, glaucous and usually glabrous: leaf-blades various, E on the lower part of the stem, laneeolate to ovate- ae er above: calyx becoming much inflated, finely re- ticulate between the inconspicuous ribs: petal- medo white or pink, about 1 em. long, 2-lobed: renis ovoid, 5-7 mm. long.—(BLADDER-CAMPION. Cow- BELLS. RATTLE-BAGS. )—Fields, roadsides, meadows, woods, and waste-places, various provinces, Tenn. to Mo., Ia., Ont., and N. B.; also Pacific Coast. Nat Sum. 508 CARYOPHYLLACEAE 5. LYCHNIS [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs similar to Silene in habit. Flowers pedicelled and mostly erect. Calyx becoming more or less : i : inflated, 10-nerved. Petals blades entire, r cleft, or laciniate, generally appendage À va e l longat S natives of the temperate and Arctic zones.— CAMPIONS l. L. alba Mill. Plants 1 m. tall or I the stem usually branched throughout SCR pubescent: leaf- B pe to o oval, or lanceola 3-8 em. long: calyx be- ae 14-21 mm. long; Jebes Pad to ate, i-i as ju as the tube: petals Mire J or “rarely pink; blades reniform i broadly ND e: capsule conic-ovoid, epee ag M LUN ) —Road- sides Re fields, N. C. to Ont. por N. S. Nat. of Eu.—Sum 6. AGROSTEMMA L. Annual coarse herbs. Leaf-blades very narrow. Flowers long- inte l0 iier] swollen: tube 10-ribbed. Petals 5: ades Ovary about as thick as long. LA. lightly dienes — Two species, natives of Eurasia l. A. Githago L. Ste dm. tall, appressed-pubesoent leaf- blades d. 4—12 long: ealyx becoming 5-6 em. long; ; Er , acuminate, longer than the copiously pubescent tube: petals 3 s cuneate to obovate, purple or agenta: capsule 18-22 mm. ips m ORN- COCKLE. ORN-ROSE. ORN-CAMPION.) — MP Grain-fields and fence-rows, reel ut out eult, N. A. Nat. of Eu.—Sum ORDER RANALES — Ranat ORDER Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves mostly without stipules, with entire or dissected blades, in aquaties often various on the same plant. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious. Calyx and corolla of distinct sepals and petals. The corolla is sometimes wanting. Androecium of usually more hypogynous stamens than there are sepals. Gynoecium of 1 or sev- eral distinct or united carpels. Ovary superior. Fruit various. Stamens usually numerous, the anther-sacs opening by slits. and plants, except in CERATOPHYLLACEAE and some RANUNCULACEAE: leaf-blades Flowers. pecan or monoecious, if dioecious, on neither vines nor herbs with Simple leaves. Plant with minute axillary monoecious flowers : anthers horned. Fam. 1. CERATOPHELLACEAE. Carpels 1 or more, distinct, at least at maturity. CERATOPHYLLACEAE 509 Sepals 3-15: petals about as many: plants if shrubby not with pulpy fruit: endosperm even. Fam. 2. RANUNCULACEAE, Sepals 3 (or 4): petals 6: fruit pulpy: endosperm channe Fam. 3. ANNONACEAE. Carpels more or less coherent or united into cone-like structures, or im- mersed in the pulpy receptacle. o Sepals valvate. Fam. 3. ANNONACZAE. Sepals imbricate d. Fam. 4. MAGNOLIACEAE. Flowers aineciou us: vines with simple leaves. Fam. 5. MENISPERMACEAE. Water plants: emersed or floating leaves with peltate blades. Carpels several and distinct. Carpels not in a fleshy receptacle: sepals and petals 3 or 4 each: stamens 3-1 Carpels immersed in a fleshy receptacle: l a ms petals numerous: amens Fam. 6. CABOMBACEAE. inde Fam. 7. NELUMBONACEAE. Carpe els aed ‘into a compound pistil. Fam. 8. NYMPHAEACEAE, Stamens few and definite, “the DE NACE spenmé by hinged valves, except in Podophyllum Herbs: E es with simple or ternate blades . Fam. 9. PODOPHYLLACEAE. Shrubs : Ea with pinnately or digitately com- pound, sometimes 1-foliolate blades Fam. 10. BERBERIDACEAE. Famity 1. CERATOPHYLLACEAE — Hornwort FAMILY Annual aquatie herbs. Leaves whorled: blades cleft or finely dis- sected. Flowers monoecious. Calyx o 12 narrow toothed or cleft sepals. Corolla wanting. Androecium of 10-24 stamens with short fila- ments. Gynoecium 1-carpellary: stigma subul it an achene, sometimes spine-arme in cod by the following genus only. 1. CERATOPHYLLUM L. Submerged plants with sessile leaf-blades, the divisions mostly thrice forked. Flowers sessile in the leaf-axils.—Followin ng are the only known species.—Sum. or all year ibang e MOSSES. COON- TAILS. FISH-BLANKETS. BORN WEDE. HORNWORTS. Leaves 6-9 in a Mou segments BDin tote ds achenes with a spine on either side of the base. 1. C. demersum. Leaves 9-12 in a whorl; segments bristly-toothed : achenes fringed with spines. 2. C. echinatum. Achene unarmed, short- beaked. 3. C. submersum. 1. C. demersum L. Stem 3-12 dm. long: leaves rather rigid; blades 1-2 times forking: Bim elliptie to Reim pe erose: stamens slightly exserted: style igma exs achene-body ovoid, low various provinces, Fla. to La., Calif, and S Can.—(W. I., Mez., O. W.) eng, margined.— ow streams and ponds, various provinces, Fla. to Calif. and S Can. b Stem long: leaves flaccid: "blades 3—4 times forking, the i epus bristly toothed: ee -body ellip- oid, 4 mm. long, pi ineless, sparingly warty.— Ponis, S. in Fla.— (0. W.) 510 RANUNCULACEAE Famy 2. RANUNCULACEAE — Crowroor FAMILY Herbs or woody vines. Leaves alternate (opposite in pep A blades simple or compound. Calyx of 3-5 imbricate (valvate in Clema- easionally E Androecium of several of many pn uis mda Gynoecium of 1 to many usually distinct carpels. follicle or baeeate.—About 35 genera and 1,100 species, widely distributed. Fruit a Medos e or a berr with a pair Fra ovules : d 1-seeded or 2-seeded. flowers paniculate: corolla present: fruit follicles. Tribe I. XANTHORRHIZEAE. Herb: ee solitary: corolla wanting: fruit ber Tribe II. HYDRASTEAE. Carpel with more than 2 ovules: fruit several- seeded. Tribe III. HELLEBOBEAE. Fruit an achene: carpel with a single ovule. Sepals imbricate: leaves, below the inflorescence, literale; sometimes all basa Tribe IV. ANEMONEAE. Sepals valvate, the edges sometimes turned in: leaves opposite. Tribe V. CLEMATIDEAE. XANTHORRHIZEAE I Shrub with pinnate leaf-blades. 1. XANTHORRHIZA. 2 II. HYDRASTEAE Herb with simple lobed. leaf-blades. 2. HYDRASTIS. I HELLEBOREAE Flowers regula Leaf-blades ‘palmate or pedately veined or lobed. etals wanting. 3. CALTHA. Petals present. 4. HELLEBORUS. Leaf-blades ternately compound. Petals Dno os or wanting. Fruit dry follicle Low herbs: owes solitary or few Carpels, and follicles, stalked : “petals present. 5. CoPris. Carpe and follicles, not stalked : petals vi we in 6. : Tall herbs: flowers many in elongate racemes. T. CIMICIFUGA. berry-like, 8. ACTAEA. Pe tals E elon ccd backward into hollow spurs. 9. AQUILEGIA. . Flowers irregular Upper sepal Dolon nged into a spur: upper pair of petals sessile or nearly so, long-spurred. 10. DELPHINIUM. Upper sepal hooded: upper pair of petals long-clawed, wholly concealed in the sepal-hood. 11. ACONITUM. Involuere close to ne calyx ; bracts ee 12, HEPATICA. Involuere remote from the calyx: bracts toothed to dis- Style subulate : leaf-segments sessile. 13. ANEMONE. yle wanting: leaf-segments stalke d. 14. SYNDESMON. Flowers dot subtended by involucres: sepals rarely petal-like. Lea n Eu simple, entire, toothed, lobed, or dissected. purred : receptacle greatly elonga ate. 15. MYOSURUS. Sepals spurless: receptacle not greatly elongate. Petals wanting. 16. TRAUTVETTERIA. Petals present. Petal- pb o with a nectariferous gland or pit at Achene transversely wrinkled : petals white. 17. BATRACHIUM. A n transversely wrinkled: petals yello t least witho ut. 18. RANUNCULUS. Peta bl Sues. onc gland or pit at the base. 19. ADONIS. Leaf-blades ternately decompound : petals wanting. 20. THALICTRUM. V. CLEMATIDEAE Petals wanting. Stamens spreading: sepals spreading. Sepals with scarce d any border: flowers dioecious or “polygamo-dioeciou 21. CLEMATIS. RANUNCULACEAE 511 S with a wide border: flowers perfect. 22. VITICELLA. Stamens pum sepals more or less converging. 23. VIORNA. Petals present (in our species), smaller than the sepals. 24. ATRAGENE. 1. XANTHORRHIZA L’Her. Weak shrubs. Leaf-blades 1—2-pinnate. Flowers ae Sepals 5, brownish-purple, deciduous. Petals 5, gland- ike. mens 5 or 10: filaments stout. Carpels oe sessile, 2-ovuled, in fruit form- ing a whorl of follicles—One species. 1. X. id ms Marsh. Eb t 2-6 dm. tall, diffuse: leaves approximate: leaflets mo stly 5, us blades ovate Pa elliptic, 2.5- .5 em. long, incised-toothed or divided: sepals M to ovate -lanceolate, brownish- OW-RO B HER. ) Woods, a banks, od ledges, various provinees, M Fla. and N. Y.— Spr.—The roots B du D. yellow. 2. HYDRASTIS Ellis. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades palmately lobed. Flowers solitary. Sepals 3, fugacious. Petals wanting. Filaments slender, white. Carpels several, 2-ovuled, in fruit forming a head of berries.—T'wo species, the following and one in Japan. l. H. canadensis Plant pubescent, mostly 2—4 dm. cu blade of the cauline leaf becoming 8-24 em. wide: bract leaf- like, flower white: ais ovate: frait- head 4—16 m j ROOT. INDIAN-DYE. )—Ri eh woods and shaded banks, cis provinces N of Coastal Plain, and Vt.—Spr.—The to Kan Minn., rootstock j is usad i in ne ine 9. CALTHA [Rupp.] L. - Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed. Flowers owe or solitary. Sepals few, yellow, pink, or white, deciduous. Petals ormin ter of leathery green follieles.—About 15 species, widely distributed C. palustris L. piace glabrous, 2-6 dm a ‘bla des of the cauline leaves similar to those of the bas - bur cw reniform fo orbicular-renifor 9 wide: sepals Ses. oblong fe oval- ons dios 1.5-2 cm. long: follicles 10-12 mm. lon aoe ic s MARIGOLD. COWSLIP. BULL’S KIN UP. )— wamps and low meadows, often eal- eareous, va S provinees, S only in Blue careous, wae provinces, S. C. to Sask., Ont., and Newf.— (Eur sia.) —S 512 RANUNCULACEAE 4, HELLEBORUS L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades palmately lobed or divided. Flowers few or solitary. Sepals 5, white, greenish, or yellowish, mainly persistent. Petals small. Filaments follicles play ee 15 species, Eurasian. viridis L. Plant 3-6 dm. tall: blades of the Pepe leaves 1—3 gments 1 sharply serrate; sepals elliptie, about sal als ular, a ; TAA follicles about 15 mm ong.—( CHRIST- ISTMAS-ROSE. GREEN- HELLEBORE. te-places, cult. E o N. TE and fields, various provinces, N. C. Nat. of Eu.—Wint.-spr. lowers ee pals 5-7, deciduous. Petals 5-7, cucullate. Stamens numerous: jit slender. Carpels few, stipitate, several-ovuled, in fruit forming a cluster of apically beaked follieles.—A bout nine species, natives of the cooler parts of the north temperate zone. 1. C. trifolia (L.) Salisb. Plant 7-15 em. tall: leaves persistent; divisions 3, obovate- à | T ar d bo provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, only in Blue Ridge and Appalachian provinces, N. C. to B. C., Alas., C Can. and Newf. —(Eurasia.)—Delights to form mats on decaying logs —Bpr 6. ISOPYRUM L. Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades rd decompound. Flowers few or solitary. Sepals 5-9, petal- -like. Petals 5, tam ing natives of the north temperate zone 1. I. biternatum (Raf) T. & G. Plant 1-3.5 dm. tall: leaflets 1-2.5 em. long, dose or divide d; fiower white dun elliptie or somewhat obov ate, 9—12 . long: follieles 4—6 mm. long, ous edes FALSE RUE- ANEMONE.) — Woods and bluffs, various provinces, west of Appalachians W Fla. to Ont.—Spr. OPTIS Salisb. Perennial seapose herbs. Leaf-blades 3-foliate. Tex., Minn., and S RANUNCULACEAE 513 7. CIMICIFUGA L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades decompound. Flowers numerous, in long racemes, white. Sepals 2-5, Rear te: Petals 1-8, clawed, notched at the apex. Stamens numerous: filaments nai Carpels few or solitary, many-ovuled, becoming dry follicles. S eut Dens natives of . North America and Eurasia.—BuGBANES.—Some de are used in medicine. Carpels 1 or 2, sessile: der wholly as Po m 2 row Filaments about 4 m m. long: follicles 8-10 mm. long: cesis chaffy. 1. C. rubifolia. Filaments about 8 mm. long: follicles 5-7 mm. long: seeds mo 2. C. racemosa. Carpels 3 or 8, stalked :: seeds in 1 row. 3. C. americana 1. C. rubifolia Kearney. Plant 6-14 dm. tall: terminal leaflets 5—7-lobed, 10-30 cm. aod follieles glabrous, the beak spre iind —Wooded bluffs along Tennessee River, Appalachian "Valley E Tenn.—Fall. 2. C. racemosa (L.) Nutt. Plant ein dm. tall: terminal leaflets 3-lobed, 4-16 c wide: follicles ms and often acd im the beak cent, be rved.—(BLACK-COHOSH. BLAOK-SNAKEKOOT, Code FAIRY- CAND E-TOP STAR- E.) — S. TT Woods, various provinces rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Mo., Wisc, S Ont, and W Me.—Early sum. 3. C. americana e Plant 10-20 dm tall: terminal leaflets 6-15 cm. wide: fol- licles glabrous, the bodies 10-12 mm. lon ng. C. cordifolia Pursh.].— (SUMMER-COHOS MOUNTAIN-BUGBANE.) — Woods, Blue Ridge and Appalachian MEER Ga. p Tenn. and N. Y.—Late s 8. ACTAEA L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades ternately compound. Flowers rather many, in short racemes, white. Sepals 3—5, deciduous. Petals 4—10, clawed, not notched. Stamens numerous: filamen E filiform. Carpel soli- tary, many-ovuled, becoming a baccate follicle—About 6 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—Spr.—BANEBERRIES Pedicels slender, less than 1 mm. thick: fruits red. 1. A. rubra. Pedicels stout, over 1 mm. thick: fruits white. 2. A. alba. 1. A. rubra (Ait.) Willd. Plant 3-8 dm. tall: terminal leaflets mostly as wide as long and deeply 3-lobed, eid to i at the base: follicles de- cidedly elongate: seed about mm. A. spicata rub — pe POISONBERRY AKEBERRY. RED-BANE- ERRY.)— Woods, various provinces, rarely eget Plain, N. C. to Tenn., Colo., Alb., Ont., N. S. (L.) Mill. Plant 4—11 dm. tall: ecd Tenet ined oS oa wide and oiu d ed, roun at the bas : Follicles mc pn as thick as long, on spreading dr red pedicels: seed about 4 S-EYES. ECKLACE- MEER m edm RRY. WHITEB pur Rocky woods, various provinces, N Fla. La., B. C., Ont., Ga., and Que 33 514 RANUNCULACEAE 9. AQUILEGIA [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades ternately compound, the segments broad. Flowers inverted on nodding pedicels, of many different colors, but ours scarlet and yellow. Sepals 5, equal, petal-like. Petals 5, cornucopia-like. Stamens numerous, the inner ones staminodia. Carpels 5, sessile, many-ovuled, in fruit forming a capsule-like erect head of follieles.—A bout 50 species, widely distributed in the north temperate zone.— —CoLUMBINES.—Several species are widely cultivated. Sepals ovate, sometimes broadly YU mostly less than 14 mm. long: Spurs ba 5c long: follicles with spreading .l. A. iene. Sepals lanceolate or elliptic- “lanceolate mostly more than 15 mm. long: follicles with e ti Sepals "elliptic lanceolate: follicle-body fully 2 c pone 2. A. coccinea. Sepals lanceolate: follicle-body about 1.5 cm. lon 3. A. australis. A. canadensis L. ae i 2-6 dm. re leaflets or their divisions ee aa als ovate, scarlet w , 10-14 m ong: spurs scarlet without, 2.5-3 e long, swollen at the hus Follicle. body mon 1.5-2 em. long.—(RED-BELLS. OCK-BELLS. .) — Woods banks, often in calcareous soil, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Ont., and N. S. 2. E coccinea Small. Plant usually larger than in A. er nsis: leaflets or their di- visions EA er and often diris at the base: iid aa ae 3 mm. long: urs ve t: follicle- body 2-2.5 cem. long. — Rillsides, woods, and cliffs, various NA N a ~ stal Plain, Ala. to Tex., Nebr., and S 3. A. australis Small. Plant 3-9 e paler-green or more glaucous than in late, 16-18 mm. long: spurs sle Rd “follicle: -body 1 blufts, in caleareous soil, Gulf Coastal Plain, Fla. to "Tex. oo m sepals lanceo- long.—Cliffs and 10. DELPHINIUM [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial erect herbs. Leaf- blades palmately lobed or dissected, the segments narrow. Flowers spreading, ub o purple, or nearly white. Sepals 5, the posterior one spurred. Petals or 4, the 2 posterior ones pas Filaments dilated below. Carpels few or solitary, sessile, many-ovuled, becoming dry follicles—-About 125 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—LARKSPUR.—Several species are favorite garden flowers. Albinos occur in some species. . Plant annual: ales 1: petals 2, united. Follicle pubescent 1. D. Ajacis. i ous. 2. D. Consolida. Plant perennial: carpels 3: eae 4, distinct. Follicles erect: raceme elongated. af-segments narrow, the ultimate divisions linear or narrowly oblon Seeds To wing-margined, slightly rugose- squamellat 3. D. carolinianum. Seeds not w wien argined, strongly squamellate. 4. D. vimineum. eafsegments relatively broad, the ultimate divisions S A exaltatum. Le lan Follicles. idee spreading: raceme short. RANUNCULACEAE 515 . D. Ajacis L. Plant 1 m. tall or less, branched: leaf-blades with short and diverging segments: sepals blue, ile subo rbieular to reniform or va ovate blades: eee petals 10-12 mm. long, ex- eluding the spur: follicle-body Ez) 2 long, pubescent, stout-tipped. — (Ro LARKSPUR. )— Fields Har BL "plates, poen ous provinees, S. C. , Mont., and N. S. Nat. of Eu. Sum 2. D. Consolida L. Plant 3-9 dm toothe segments: sepals with blades: folliele-body 7—10 mm. long, slen tipped.— (FIELD-LARKSPUR. KNIGHT’S-SPUR. and pur vus places, various pr inces, E U. S. Nat. of Eu.—5um. 3. D. carolinianum bias ciu - Ko e minutely pubescent above; seg- mo f the upper na other sepals: uide ‘body 14318. mm. lon pes [D. azureum Miehx.]—Sand- hills, open woods, and rocky soil, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and um. 4. D. vimineum D. Don. Plant 5-7 dm. tall, elosely pubescent above: seg- ments of the upper leaves narrow: spur mostly stout, shorter than the uc sepals: follicle-body 13-16 mm. long.—Dry soil, Coastal Plain, and adjoining provinces, Ala. to Tex.—spr. D. exaltatum Ait. Plant 5-20 dm. tall, minutely pubescent above: le divisions cuneate to lanceolate, thin: flowers 16-22 mm. long: follicle- had 8—10 mm. long: seeds wingless.—( TALL-LARKSPUR.)— —Woods and rocky soil, various provinces, chiefly W of ‘Blue Ridge, a to Nebr., Minn., and Pa. Sum.—Has been mistaken for D. urceolatum Jac D. tricorne Michx. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, minutely pubescent above: leaf- divisions linear or nearly so, thick: flowers 25 -35 mm. long: follicle-body 12—17 mm. Jong or dla shorter: seeds winged.—(DWARF-LARKSPUR. ROCK-LARK- STAGGERWEED.)— Woods, thickets, and rocky slopes, often in calcareous soil, various ee N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ark., Minn., and Pa.—Spr. 11. ACONITUM L. Perennial reclining or procumbent herbs. Leaf- blades palmately lobed or divided. Flowers somewhat nodding. Sepals 5, the posterior one hooded or helmet-like. Petals 2-5, the 2 posterior ones con- cealed in the helmet. Filaments dilated below. Carpels 3-5, many-ovuled, becoming follieles.—About 70 species, mostly in the higher parts of the north temperate zone.—MONKSHOODS. WOLFSBANES. ACONITES. Flowers blue or purplish: hood helmet-shaped. 1. A. uncinatum. Flowers white or yellowish: hood elongate-conic. 2. A. reclinatum. A. uncinatum L. Stem guru or reclining, 6-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades thick, the larger ones 8-10 em. wide, the divisions mostly few-toothed: follicle 14-16 mm. long.— (C v -MONKSHOOD. WILD-MONKSHOOD.)—Woods, vari- 516 RANUNCULACEAE ous provinces, N of near pem Ga. to Ala., Wis., and Pa.— fal 2. A. reclinatum A. Gray. Stem trailing, 5-25 dm. tall, leaf-blades thin, the larger ones 15-20 em. wide, the divisions mostly many-toothed: follicle 8-11 mm. long.— (AMERICAN-WOLFSBAN TRAI AILING- WOLFS- BANE.)— Woods, Blue Ridge and Hr em provinee s, Ga. t to Va.—Sum.—The wolfs- in the roots. e first- Gie d n pular name was derived Eao the use of the plant in poisoning wolves; the second name from the shape of the upper sepal. 12. HEPATICA [Rupp.] Hil. Perennial seapose tufted herbs. Leaf- blades 3-lobed, persistent. Flowers solitary on each scape, n by a alyx-like involucre. Sepals several, wid ike. Petals wanting. chene- cluster seated in the involucre—About 4 species, natives of ps north tem- perate sie a MOM URNA psa Lobes of the leaf-blades and bracts of the involueres obtuse. 1. H. Hepatica. Lobes of the leaf-blades and bracts of the involucres acute. 2. H. acuta. H. Hepatica (L.) Karst. Leaf-blades becoming 6—8 em. wide, the middle e ens noe. bac ts ae ok involuere ovate to elliptie, obtuse: sepals blue, purple or white, or sometimes quite k, 7-12 mm. long: ache puce ovoid- ellipsoid or ee S ardor 3 mm. long.— [Anemone Hepatica L.]—(BLUE-ANEMONE. SQUIRREL -CUPS.) —Rocky a and Ec various provinces, N Fla. Mo. Man and N. S. H. acuta pium bs Leaf-blades eed 10—1 the middle lobe typically eed yis white to bluish- ple: aehene-body about 4 mm. long.— [Anemone acutiloba E ae F careous e Blue Ridge a more N pro- vinces, Ga. to Mo., Minn., and Que 13. ANEMONE [Tourn.] L. Perennial scapose herbs with rootstocks. Leaf-blades lobed, divided, or dissected, not persistent. Flowers subtended by a foliaceous involucre. Sepals 4-20, petal-like. Petals wanting. Fila- ments filiform. Achene-cluster Jong- peduneled Mri 85 species, widely dis- ‘tributed in temperate and arctic regions.—A NEMONES. WIND-FLOWERS. Achene densely long-woolly: fruit-head cottony at maturity. Rootstock tuberous: scape simple, 1-flowered. I. DECAPETALAE. Ro oc elongate: scape mostly branched, several- flow II. VIRGINIANAE. Achene finely ‘or obscurely pubescent: fruit-head not cottony. III. QUINQUEFOLIAE. I PETALA Involucre mostly above the middle of de scape: «dus of the achenes not projecting beyond the wool. 1. A. decapetala. RANUNCULACEAE 517 Involucre mostly below the middle A Ape scape: tips of the achenes projecting beyond the wo 2. A. caroliniana. II. VIRGINIANAE Sepals greenish: head of dux mostly over 1 cm. thick : achene with a spreading styl 3. A. virginiana, Sepals clear white: head of fruit mostly less than 1 cm. . . thick: achene with an appressed or ascending style. 4. A. riparia. III. QUINQUEFOLIAE uere of the involucral bracts lobed or incised, mem- brano 5. A. quinquefolia. Divisions of the involucral bracts merely toothed, leathery at maturity. 6. A. lancifolia. 1. A. RAUM b Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-segments ovate to obovate or cuneate, 1-2 cm. long: bracts of the involucre very different from the : als : of fruit cylindric, 2-3.5 em. long: achene ch prairies, ravines, and buried in wool.—Ri hillsides, various MEE Ala. to Tex. and Ark.—( Me A. caroliniana Walt. Plant 1-2.5 dm G We wil = it ANS to those of the b sepal oid, 1, De long: Je ith a de ing tip. L Dr ry rich or pr) soil, various e Fla. to Tex., S. D., Wis., and N. C. a L. Plant 5-10 dm. tall: Ptr blades. 3- piae the pog ber lobed, incised and toothed: bracts of the involucre similar to the leaves: sepals greenish, mostly 8-13 mm. long, concave: head of fruit ellipsoid.—( THIMBLE- WEED. ) pe thickets, and woods, various provinces, Ga. to Ark., Alb., and N. S.—Sum 4. A. riparia Fernald. Plant 3-9 dm. tall: leaf- n - -parted, ae Hee due less sharply incised n oothed than in A. braets of the nvoluere vid to eed Nds S: Ee mostly "20-30 1 mm. Men a ead o fruit cylindrie.— ( MOUNTAIN-THIMBLEWEED. IND-WAIF.)—Banks, often eal- yp stony soil, Blue "Ridge and more northern bre. N. 6. o Tenn., Alb d Que.— A. quinquefolia L. Plant 1-2.5 dm. tall: leaf- ioni, mainly lobed or par arted: braets of the rr deis e p the lea sepals white, usually: pe on the under side, m . long: "head of fruit globular, 1 n diameter or less: puse Ee ss ‘than 4 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. vide QNremrcars. SNOWBOYS. 00D-ANEMONE.)—Moist woods and tuick- ets, various provinces, in Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Ala., Ont., and N. S.— Spr.—Has been. pd with .4. nemorosa L. of Europe. 6. A. Tug ve nis Plant 1—4 dm. tall: leaf- na merely toothed: sepals mainly 2-2.5 em. long: achene slightly over 4 mm —(MOUNTAIN-ANEMONE. ) Woods MORI m in Pi. soil, Blue Ridge, extending e adjoining provinces, Ga. to Pa. — (Eu. )—Spr. —Has been confused with A. trifolia L 14. SYNDESMON Hoffmg. Perennial scapose herbs with tuberous roots. Leaf-blades 2-3-ternate. Flowers in an umbellate cluster, the involucre foli- 518 RANUNCULACEAE aceous. Sepals 5-10, petal-like. Petals wanting. Filaments clavate: Achene-cluster peduncled.—One spec 1. S. thalictroides (L.) Hoffmg. Plant 1-2.5 dm. tall: leaflets 1-2.5 cm. long, mostly i i A - m. long: achene 4—6 mm. long, o times longer, ribbed. pues thalie. a Spa xu S dali" ANEMONE. WILD- Wan. FLO ns Rod st woods and thickets various provinces, N Fla. to Ark., Kans., Ont., and N. H$ r.-sum.—Plants duh w ae ee aves and pink flowers. The kn E roots resemble miniature dahlia . MYOSURUS L. Annual diminutive acaulescent herbs. Leaf-blades narrow, entire. Flower solitary. Sepals 5, or 6 or 7, separated at the base. Petals 5, or 6 o e ee cook ith a pit at the summit, or w ens 5— t 25: filaments filiform. Carpels many, on a greatly elongating pcne ele. Achenes firm, imbrie ate.—About species, widely dis- M. minimus L. Plant 2.5—15 em. tall: leaves 5—10 em. long; bla des narrowly eae flowers yellow: sepal- -blades p spatu- late: spike of achenes often 2Z— . long.— (MOUSE-TAIL.) —Moist alluvial or poe m o N. M., Sask. Soil, various de Fla. ] ask., Ont., and Va. rn so on the "Pacific coast.— (E u. aera -=s | 16. TRAUTVETTERIA F. & M. Perennial large caulescent herbs. Leaf- blades broad, palmately lobed. Flowers corymbose-paniculate. Sepals 3-5, tals v c antin Stamens many filaments clavate. Carpels numerous, on a short receptacle. Achenes inflated.—One or two species, North American and Asiatic. 1. T. carolinensis (Walt.) Vail. Plant 4—15 dm. tall: leaf- a E piede M of the lower leave nly 1 , the lobes sharply toothed or enda d white: sepals 4-5 mm. long: ae rey 4.5—5 mm. lon | . [T pcc Eur & Mey.]— (FALSE-BUGBANE. TASSEL-RUE. Ed ae shaded stream-banks, ous prov Coastal Plain only on Tis r-bluffs toward the > x Fla. to Mo. p us SI. in which the ribs uis e are branched, thus making a vein mei p usual plane PR ir s achene, have been described as T. nervata. RANUNCULACEAE 519 17. BATRACHIUM S. F. Gray. Perennial aquatic or ditch herbs. Leaf- es yao compressed, trans- verse-wrinkled, often nearly or quite besten “Spr — ( WATER-CROWFOOTS. ROGWEEDS.)—About 20 species, of wide geographic eee Leaf-segments a mm. long, firm: blades scarcely collapsing when withdrawn 1. B. trichophyllum. from the wate long, flaccid: blades collapsing Leaf-segments 15 -90 mm. when 2. B. flaccidum. withdrawn from the water. 1. B. ia pac ig ar i sons osch. Leaves firm, 3-5 em. long, t enis d mostly 10— 15 mm. long; MCN shore and broad, pubes- cent: petals 5-8 mm. long: head of achenes 4—5 mm. in diameter. Ese eta aquatilis trichophyllus A. Gra ay|—WnB WATER- CROWFOOT.)—Ponds, springs, and spring- dec various x ox N. C. to Calif. and S Can.—(Mez., O. W.) | e more slender PUE and very lon m slender segments.—Streams, various ne N. C. to Calif. Wash., S ‘Can n. and Mass.—(Mez., 0. W. 18. RANUNCULUS [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire, lobed, or divided. Flowers solitary or variously disposed. Sepals mostly , deciduous. Petals as many as the sepals or more, or rarely fewer, each with api or scale at the base. Carpels several or numerous. Achenes generally flattened, smooth, papillose, or echinate b CR da 275 species, most abundant in temperate and cold regions.—BUTTERCUPS CROWFOOTS. Gorp-c CUPS. Aquatic plants: submerged leaves with dissected blades; SURE leaves with lobed blades I. MULTIFIDI. Terrestrial or mud-inhabiting plants: leaves with entire, toothed, ` lobed, or divided blades i Leaf-blades linear to NAT entire, crenate or denticulate. II. FLAMMULAE. Leaf- A at least some of them, lobed or divided. Achene turgid, marginless. III. ABORTIVI. r less flattened, margined or variously Rene more o u E ro Achene smoo Achene- beak distinctly hooked. . IV. RECURVATI. V. REPENTES. Achene-beak straight or nearly SO. — Achene variously roughened. MEE VI. MURICATI. I. Lower oe with finely dissected, pia re . &-eleft blades 1. R. delphinifolius. II. FLAMMULAE Annuals : achene beakies a Head of fruit cylin drie to ellipsoid. 2. R. tener. Hen o fruit A to ovoid. hene papil 8. R. Lindheimeri. p smoo Petals mostly less than 3 mm. long. 4. R. pusillus. Petals mostly over 3 mm. long. PT Petals less than 6 mm. long, m mostly 5: .5. R. oblongifolius. tals over 6 mm. long, mostly more than 5: 6. R. mississippiensis. 7. R. obtusiusculus. Pe Perennial : stems creeping: achene with a subulate beak. 520 RANUNCULACEAE III. ABORTIVI Basal leaves with all or some of the blades crenate: stem not hollow Style very short. i Basal Aa with cordate blades: foliage glabrous or ne SO. 8. R. abortivus. Basal leave with truncate or cuneately narrowed blades: foliage pubescent. 9. R. micranthus. d S NE hooked nearly 4% as long as the achene- 10. R. P ue Basal leaves with all blades lobed or divided: stem hollow. 11. R. sceleratu IV. RECURVATI Leaf-blades with broadly cuneate lobes. 12. R. recurvatus. V. TES Achene with a beak less than % as long as the body. Petals about as long as the sepals: head of fruit ellip- soid or cylindric. 13. R. pennsylvanicus. Petals much longer than the sepals: head of fruit sub- globose. Stem spreading and creeping, stoloniferous. 14. R. repens. Stem erect, not stoloniferous Sepals spreading: leaf-blades digitately divided. 15. R. acris. Se mals reflexed : leaf-blades pun divided. 16. R. bulbosus. Pn with à bea ak over % as long as the body; beaks ee partially deciduous. Garpels or achenes Ai 17. R. palmatus. Carpels or achenes nu lant eiolonifercad S foliage glabrous or nearly so. 18. R. septentrionalis. Plant not stoloniferous : trn copiously pubescent, except sometimes i Stem with silky or appressed IE Meenem 19. R. fascicularis. Stem with spreading pubesc 20. R. hispidus. VI. MURICATI Achene more or less papillose; beak minute. M eps s E em. ronda achene sparingly papillose near 1. R. parvulus. Coroll SOB mm. broad: achene papillose all over. 22. R. parviflorus. E id siete or spiny; beak about % as long as the body. 23. R. muricatus. 2 R. delphinifolius Torr. Stem mostly glabrous, 1-6 dm. long: blades of the ersed leaves smaller than those of the ree petals 5-8, 8-16 mm. long: head of fruit au Ses to nearly glo achene-body about 2 DEN wide- dence below, the. be ok : ally 1 long as the e» (p ) body.—( WATER-BUTTERCUP. ) —Ponds, various S to provinces, rarely astal 2 N. Kans. , Mi ch., Ont., and Mass.—Sum. 2. R. tener C. Mohr. Stem glabrous, 0.5-6 dm. t Nu blades Hg the Ad leaves ovate to late, 1-3.5 e ovate-lanceo m. long, those of the upper ones much narrower: pe —3, or arely 5, 1- lon ad of' fruit D to ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 mm. thick: a ody obovoid, n long, scar ee beaked. [R. trachyspermus Engelm no EIL p and low woods, Coastal Plain, and adj. provinces, Ala. to 3. - Lindheimeri Engelm. Stem mostly glabrous, 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves ovate to elliptic, 1-3 cm. long, those of the upper leaves narrower: Peu mostly 1-3, 1-2 mm. long: head of fruit ovoid to globose, 2-3 mm. thiek: RANUNCULACEAE 521 achene-body obovoid, about 1 mm. long, minutely beaked.—Ponds and low grounds, various provinces, Ala. to Calif. and Ark.—Sum 4, R. pusillus Poir. Stem glabrous, 14 dm. tall: blades of the Meis leaves ovate to oblong, e em. lon ng those of the upper leaves ape en linear: petals ost 1-3, 1-3 . long: head of fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm. thick: ac hea Lt ellipsoid or ellipsoid- men) p 1.5 mm. long, meet flattened.— (LESSE SPEARWORT.)—Marshes, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo. and N Spr.-sum . R. oblongifolius Ell. Stem mostly pubescent below, 1-5 dm. tall: blades of d lower leaves ovate to elliptic, 1—4 cm. long, undulate to denticulate, those p the dpa leaves narrow, commonly Nu toothed: petals mostly 5, 3.5—5.5 ong: head of fruit 3-4 mm sa achen il obovoid, about 1m mm. long, turgid, margined within at the (MANY WERED SPEARW WORT. eens Coastal Plain and adj. hee "Fla. to Tex., "Mo. and Va.—Spr R. mississippiensis Small. Stem sometimes pubescent below, 2—3 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves ovate, 2-6 em. long, crenate or undulate-crenate, ee an the upper a eae more cole eae dac toothed : petals et n 5, 7-8 m : head of fruit 3-5 m n diameter: achene-body pare about 1. $ um long.—Alluvial soil, Coastal Plain, Miss. to Ark Besar R. obtusiusculus Raf. Stem stout, glabrous, 3-12 dm. long: leaf blades ae to lanceolate, 8-15 cm. long, denticulate or entire: oe 5-7, 5-8 m long: head of fruit globose or pil so, 4.5-6 mm. thick, or longer: achene nied i cupidi about 2 m long, the subulate Sane beak hor tal [R. ambigens 8. Wats. J— WAT -PLANTAIN SPEARWORT. jit cad and rr c sire provinces, Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Mo., Minn., Ont., and Me.—Sum 8. a abortivus L. Stem 1.5-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of the lower leaves reniform to suborbicular, 2-4 em. wide, mostly crenate: petals "s Soon 2-3 mm. long: head of fruit ellipsoid to cylindric: achene-body fully 1.5 m mm. lon ng, y ery minutely beaked.—(KIDNEY-LEAF BUTTERCUP.)—Moist zi and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Ark., Colo., Man., and Lab.—Spr. E. micranthus Nutt. Stem typically more pees than in R. abortw e blades of the lower leaves cuneate to 1-3 cm. long, iiie erenate-lobed or parted: petals light-yellow, 2—3 A pius head of fruit ellip- soid pi ovoid-ellipsoid: achene-body barely 1.5 mm. long, minutely shor d. —Woods and rocky hillsides, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ark, Colo., Sask., and Me.—Spr. . R. allegheniensis Britton. Stem um we age abus blades of the lower orbi pies EE cular-reniform monly crenate-lobed: petals 1.5-2.5 m ns ong: he y of fruit uo void: eR teu ong, with a Prep curved —Woods, Blue Ridge and more northern prov- inces, N. C. to Ala. and Mass E 11. R. sceleratus L. Ste em stout, 1.5-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf- blades thick, the divisions cuneate, lobed: sepals ovate to suborbicular: ‘petals bright- yellow, ae mm. long: head of fruit cylindric to oo the ee glabrous or sparingly pubescent: achene-body Euri 1 . long, minutely beaked, thick-margined, the faces unev RE CELERY-LEAVED on ERCUP. DITCH- CROWFOOT. CURSED-CROWFOOT.)—Wet places d swamps, sometimes in saline soil, various provinces, throughout the U. S. and S Can.; also in ae - —Nat. of Eu., whence apparently introduced into part of America.—Spr.-s 522 RANUNCULACEAE R. recurvatus Poir. Stem slender, 1.5-7 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf-blades thinnish, the divisions rhombic to ovate, toothed and sometimes also lobed: p sepals mainly lanceolate: petals pale yellow, 3-5 m fruit globular, the receptaele hispid: achene-bod 2 mm. long, long-beaked thin-margined, the faces granular —(BLISTERWORT. HOOKED-BUTTERCUP.)— Rich woods and swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Kans., Man., and pr. 13. R. pennsylvanicu f. Stem erect, 3-7 dm. tall, hispid: leaf-blades thinnish, the segue relatively narrow, irregularly sharp-toothed: petals pale- yellow, 24.5 m sate ng: head of fruit cylindric to ellipsoid: achene-body about ong, prom 2r beaked.—(BRISTLY-BUTTERCUP.)—Low gr M and river- banks, various provinces, Ga. to Ark., B. C., and N. S.—Sum. . R. repens s L. Stem creeping, 1-8 dm. long, hirsute or glabrate: leaf-blades TO the d broad, eoarsely toothed or lobed: e E. o 10-13 mm. long: head of fruit Hush core od 3 ong, minutely ake beaked, narrow- margine —(BuTTE o REEPING-BUTTEROU e ED. HORSE” GOLD. MAT-BUT TERCUP MEGA NY-FEET.) —F'elds, roadsides, and low grounds, various provinces, N of Coastal num N. C. to Mo., B. C, 'Ont., and Newf. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.)—Spr.- 15. R. de m 2—11 dm. tall, loosely pubescent: leaf-blades e mostly 5 divided, e div visions broad, bd -toothed, the middle division stalked: E nd yellow, about 1 cm. long: he ad of fruit globose: schene body about 3 mm. long, obscurely N minutely fine-beaked.— (MEAD BUTTERCUP. ue -BUTTERCUP.) —W oods, fields, and mess various Ee. . C. to Mo., B. C. a. Newf. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.- 16. R. bulbosus L. Stem 1.5-5 dm. tall, rather o DR leaf- PED S the divisions pinnate, broad, blunt-to othed: petals bright-} po . long: head of fruit globose: achene- -body about 3 mm. long, is iur ined, minutely stout-beaked.—( MEADOWw-GOLD. TURNIP-BUTTERCUP.) —hHRoadsides, ficlds, an a various provinces, N. C. to La., N. Y., an Me. Nat. of Eu. —Spr 17. R. palmatus Ell. Stem 5 dm. long, sparingly appressed-pubescent or glabrate: leaf-blades thin, the. divisions shallowly few-toothed and sometimes A = d: petals pale-yellow, 6-10 mm. long: head of fruit globose: achenes Ls a head, the d about 3 mm. long, the broad beak E as long. [R. b P.)—Low groun nds and swamps, various provinees, Ga. to Tex., "Man., a Eu i 19. R. fascicularis Muhl. ` Stem 1-3 dm. tall, densely silky: leaf-blades thick, those of E. lower leaves with typically cuneate- flabellate lobed or parted divi- sions: petals 8-14 mm. long: head of € globose: scene body diee m. long, slightly dake nea: the beak as long, slender. [Z. apricus Greene ]— (Baru. as WFOOT. EARLY WOOD- Ead is ) Woot and ind eae provinces Plain, Ga. Kan and Mass —Spr.—The roots of this species p WT pim Fit the ues of the next pd and next following species are more or less clustered, but they are long and slender. RANUNCULACEAE 523 20. R. hispidus Michx. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, hirsute or villous-hirsute: leaf- blades pubescent, those of the lower leaves ' generally 3-parte ae al divisions suborbicular to cuneate, incised, lobed, or sometimes us petals 9-16 mm long: head of fruit globose to oval: achene-body 2.5-3 mm. aoe slight ly margined, the beak about % as long as the body. [R. septentrionalis mari- landicus Champ. |—(BRISTLY-BUTTERCUP.)—-Woods and thickets, various prov- inces, in Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Ark., N. D., and Ont.—Spr. 21. R. par sL. Stem erect, 1.5—4 dm. tall, strigillose or somewliat hirsute: leaf-blades erre. those of the n leaves mostl parted, the divisions incised or i. petals 7-11 mm. long: head of fruit chippoid or oval: body 2-2. ong, minutely beaked, dc faces papillose.— Waste- dr pod cially on ballast, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Ga. to N. B. Nat. f Sum 22. R. parviflorus L. Stem diffuse, 1-3 dm. long, seis leaf-blades finely june those of the lower leaves mostly lobed pd othed: petals 1-2 mm. long: head of fruit globose: achene-body about 2 m ong, papillose all over minutely beaked.—Waste-places and fields, Coastal loi nd adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and Md. Nat. of Eu. —(W . I.) —Spr.-sum. . R. muricatus L. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades often with seattered hairs, those of the lower ones mostly 3-lobe p m o toothe or incised: petals 5-8 mm. long: head of fruit pein e-body 4-5 mm. long, prominently beaked, the faces spiny.—Wast la B S po eem Fla. to Tex., Calif., and Va. Nat. of Eu.—Widely distributed. —Bpr.- 19. S L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately dis- sected. Flower solitary, terminal. Sepals often 5, broad. Petals 5-16, larger than the sepals. Filaments filiform. Car- died numerous. Ac henes crowded at the ian 1 L em 2-6 dm. tall: leaf- blades 2-5 sae per 6-9 long: petals orange or red, 8-12 long: head of achenes im 1-2 long: achene em. ie SANT ’S-EYE. RD EYE. ee WER. o E d x various Da E U. to Tex. of E i exam Mississippi River it — up in sun quantities. The petals usually have a dark spot at the bas 0. THALICTRUM [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades ternately decompound. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, often numerous, white tal S or greenish. Sepals 4-5. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous, conspicuous. Carpels commonly few. Acheneés ribbed or nerved, sometimes stipitate.—Abou 85 species, mostly in the north temperate zone.— MEADOW-RUES.—Several species have found their way into ornamental gardening, being admired for their myriad miniature tassels of. stamens. or the mist-like effect when ee en masse. 024 RANUNCULACEAE Flowers perfect: filaments petal-like: carpels long-stipitate. I. CLAVATA. Flowers dioecious or polygamous : filaments not petal-like: carpels Short-stipitate or sessile. II. Dioica. I. CLA Wo curved along the upper edge, the en oe than t tipe. d straight along the upper side, the body shorter than ipe . clavatum. "3 . mirabile. II. DioicA Filaments subulate or filiform owers dioecious: leafle ts not wazy: -granular beneath. Achenes distinctly stipitate. Achene-body oval: anther 3-4 mm. long: sepals of the staminate flowers 2.5-3.5 mm. long. 3. T. coriaceum. Achene-body ellipsoid: anther 5-6 mm. long: io of the staminate flowers 4.5-5.5 mm. 4. T. caulophylloides. Ae Sio stipitate. Stem pe n stamens less than 18. 5. T. debile. Stem erect: stamens more than 6. T. dioicum. Flowers DOE d nousc leaflets waxy- granular beneath. T. T. revolutum. Filaments spatulate, often npn than the anthers. Leaflets entire or nearly : flowers nearly dioecious: achene-body 3—4 mm. onm 8. T. macrostylum. uk civi Te flowers polygamous: achene- Achene sessile or uos So: leaflets green beneath. 9. T. polygamum. Achene stipitate: leaflets glaucous beneath. 10. T. perelegans. 1. T. clavatum DC. Plant 1.5-6 dm. tall: blades of the leaflets thin, 1.5-3 c long, prominently lobed: achene scimitar-shaped, about 7 mm. long, the Nine dud ben s us body.— (MOUNTAIN E.)—A bout Cun. Blue Ridge, ‘and ad. adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala. W. Va., and Va.—Spr.-sum. mirabile Small. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: blades of the leaflets very thin, 2-3 E long, shallowly lobed: achene clavate, about 7 mm. long, the stipe pns r than the Eres body. — Sandstone bluffs, Little Mt. in the Appa- lachian Plateau, Ala. —Spr. 3. T. coriaceum (Britton) Small. Plant 9— 16 a ae all: p ng of the leaflets thickish, the nal 2.5-4 cm. wide: carpe el stipifetor ee -body 3-4 mm. lon ng.— ( MAID-OF-THE- per on ~ Ridge and Appalachian provinces, N. C. to Tenn., Ky., and Va.—Spr.— 4. T. caulophylloides ipu: Es 6—18 dm. tall: blades of the pn thickish, the peri ones 4— wide: carpels ped a 4-6 m lon —Open oods, Blue Ridge and Appalachian pro E d ino Piedmont ER river valleys, Tenn. to Ky. and Md. D 5. T. debile Buckl. Plant 1-4. : dm. tall: blades of the leaflets 6—15 mm. wide, gee rounded or subcordate at the base: style slender, fully twice as long as the ovary: achene-body slen dor ribbed, with a long and very slender beak.— Rich woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, “Ga. to Ark.—Spr. 6. T. dioicum L. Plant 3-6 dm. pn Arar leaves n long po blades of the leaflets nis y terminal o 5-3 cm. wide, lobed: carpel sessile: ox eel 3—4 a abruptly “healed, spore ribbed —( EARLY MEADOW- PRING cod E.)—Rocky hillsi des an woods, various provinces, in Coastal Plain only N, Ga, to Mo., Sask., and Lab. —Spr. RANUNCULACEAE 525 T. revolutum DC. Plant 9-20 dm. Men the stem usually E blades i pd leafiets ane: glaucous beneat h and becomin ng veiny, slightly revolute, the terminal one 3-lobed at the x: achene-body ellipsoid, sharply ribbed mn ae SHEE: -tipitate. [T. purpurascens (Fl SE. U. S.)—SKunk MEADOW rm "is ods and sw mm various provinces, Fla. to Ariz., Sask., and N. S.— T. macrostylum (Shuttlw.) Small & Heller. Plant 5-15 dm. tall: blades of bs leaflets thick, predominantly entire, glaucous beneath, the terminal one 5-15 mm. wide, but usually less than 10 mm.: achene-body oval, abruptly beaked.— Meadows, marshes, and lime-sinks, Coastal Plain, and adj. provinces, W Fla. to Ala. and Va.—Spr. T. polygamum Muhl. Plant 9-30 dm. tall: cauline leaves sessile; blades of the leaflets thinnish, prominently lobed, E beneath, the terminal one mainly 1.5-4 wide: filaments filiform-clava achene-body narrowly ellipsoid, PA beaked, n. ridged. Se DU. FENN-RUE. SUMMER MEADOW-RUE. TALL MEADOW-RUE.)—Swamps and Jow meadows, various prov- inces, Fla. to Ohio and Lab.—Sum 10. T. pere si ind Greene. Similar to T. polygamum in habit, the foliage bright- green and glaucous: cauline leaves rather large; blades of the leaflets riu decidedly Si aeons and finely pu i ent beneath, narr eri Mene to reniform with three broad apieal mueron a ostly 1-2 wide: flam ents Ende ae: achene-body eet ellipsoid, punto) P “both ende glabrous, I videl stipitate, often slenderly so.—Woods, Blue Ridge and adj. provinces, —fall. n.—Sum 21. CLEMATIS L. Perennial — vines. Leaf-blades 3-several- foliolate. Flowers dioecious or polygamo-dioecious, in broad paniculate cymes. Sepals relatively small, but petaloid, ae a border, ems bred white or ale. Petals wanting. Stamens spreading: anthers lun Carpels several. Achenes with silky or plumose styles.—About E: EPA » very wide distribution.— VIRGIN ’S-BOWERS. OLD-MAN'S BEARDS. Blades of the leaflets toothed and often also lobed, membranous. l des . ©. virginiana. Leaves with once ternately compound bla 1 Leaves with twice ternately compound blades. X about 2 cm. wide: stamens 6—9 mm. long. 2. a Catesbyana. Calyx about 1 em. wide: stamens 4—6 mm. long. 8. C. micrantha. Blades of "e leaflets entire, somewhat coriaceous. 4. C. paniculata 1l. C. virgini Plant sparingly nd or glabrate: leaves mainly 3-foliolate: ean hits, aos , 9-12 mm. long: achene-body 4-5 mm. long, very inequilateral.—(GAN NE. )—Th ick- ets and along s i ues inca provinces, Ga. to La., Man., N. S.—Sum 2. C. Cate iens Pursh. Plant minutely eee or glabrate: leaves twice ternately scarcely inequilater — (SAT CURLS. )— Sandy d p x Pla Fla. d La. and Spr- ntha Small. Plant closely fine- mm a. ines ternat PA compound: sepals elise linear and obovate, 2 ps mm. long: ne-body narrowly lisso 3—3.5 mm. lo Nun gence rs bushes, a trees, Brooksville Hammock region, W pen. Fla —Sum 026 RANUNCULACEAE 4. C. paniculata Thunb. Plant glabrous or nearly so: T a bad leaflets 2 y did -ovate, or orbieular-ovate, entire: sepals white arly so, thick- 8-15 . long: achen e-body 5-6 mm. long, slightly Ec iat db —Road- uie thickets and iie various peace Fla. to Tenn. and N. Y. Nat. of Japan and cult.—Sum.-fall. 29. VITICELLA Dil. Perennial vines. Leaf-blades Several foliolate, Flowers perfect, solitary or few together. Sepals spreading, petal-like, each with a wide border on either side of the e long and narrow. Carpels several. Achenes with pubescent, but pud plumose styles.—A bout 6 species, Eurasi 1. V. Viticella E Small Plant minutely pubescent: leaflets 2—5 cm. long, blades in, i j S 2 : E als ater d euneate to cuneate-spatulat ong, purple or blue: achene-body pe i tud ovoid, 8-10 mm. long.—(ITALIAN-CLEMATIS.) — Stream- banks Interior Low Plateaus, enn. Nat. of Eu. and cult—Sum. 23. VIORNA Reichenb. Perennial herbs or vines. Leaf-blades entire or lobed, or pinnate. Flowers solitary or few together. Sepals 4 or 5, thick, valvate, petal-like. Petals wanting. Stamens erect: anthers long and narrow. Achenes with long plumose, silky, or naked style-tails. [Clematis L. in part. ]— About 20 s North Ameriean and Európean.—LEATHER-FLOWERS. VINES.—Some of the species have been brought into ecultivation.—The flowers are purple or e -violet, unless otherwise mentione Vines with elongate stems and branches I. VIORNAE. Upright penu herbs, the stems Ei pis or with short branches. II. OvATAE. I. VIORNAE Flower-stalk bractless. PS with petallike dilations above, the bodies long- ippe . V. crispa. Sepals with mere cottony margins above, the bodies short- tipped. 2. V. obliqua. Flower- Stalk bracted. Achen S wid Sily style-tips. 3. V. Pitcheri. Achene with ae E style-tips. Foliage ze 4. V. Gattingert. id ud glabro nos or simply pubescent. aflets ae and UO. reticulate. Leaflets n as prominently reticulate above as bene Leaflets thin, the larger ones 12 em. long, the bracts nearly as large. Leaflets thick, the larger ones less than 6 cm. long, the bracts much smaller. ueni much more prominently reticulate be- . subreticulata. om 4o . reticulata. *. V. Beadlei. Leaflets not pentane sometimes with a few prominent ne Elbngate ues Achene ovate oe elliptic.: leaflets not glau- cous Leaflets simple and usually entire. 8. V. flaccida. dr at least the lower ones, ternate r 3-lobed. 9. V. Viorna. RANUNCULACEAE 527 Achenes suborbicular: leaflets glaucous be- neath. 10. V. PTT HE a Shrubby or stocky vine. 11. V. Addis II. OVATAE Leaf-blades reticulate, rounded or cordate at the base: achenes with yellow plumes 12. V. ochroleuca. Leaf eens not reticulate, mostly ance narrowed at the . E nes with white e plum 14. V. Baldwinii. . V. crispa (L.) Small. Stem often pubescent about the nodes: leaflets ovate " Ru. (linear-lanceolate in V. crispa Walteri), 2.5-7 cm. long, thin acute or acuminate: flower- naked: .]— (BLUE-JASMINE. Curio Wan. MARSH- CLEMATIS. CURLY-CLEMATIS.)—Swamps and wet woods, often in acid ‘soil, Gael Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—Spr.—sum. 2. V. obliqua Small. Stem glabrous, or sometimes pubescent about the nodes: leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, m em. long, gla- brous: sepals with mere cottony margins above: achene-body about 7 mm. wide.— Woods and dice ui is Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.—Spr.- 3. V. Pitcheri (T. & G.) Britton. Stem pubescent, Med about the nodes: leaflets ovate, 3—7 em. long, thick, reticulate, obtuse eute: flower-stalk with ovate mostly entire bracts: sepals with mere p above: ome long-tipped : achene-body orbicular, 6-7 mm. wide. [V. Simsi (Fl. U. 8.)]—L grounds, various provinces, Tenn. "i Tex., Ia., and S Ind lun sum. 4. V. Gatti s Poe Stem pea pre leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate . long, culate: flower-stalk with entire bracts: sepal-bo o rd M mm. es bene body ovoid, 5-6 mm. wide.—River banks, Interior Low Plateau, Tenn.—Sum 5. V. d Harbison. Stem often finely pubescent: leaflets ovate, 6—12 cm. long, thin, prominently fine-reticulate, ie ute, predominantly lobeless: d stalk with large pes braets far above t middle: a4 ci a —26 lon nee 5.6-6 wide. ovoid, mm e-body igre CUR Rocky or Band. ba nks, vario S provinces, Ala. to E Tex. and d k. ut —The leaflets are much less c indes veined than in us related V. reticulata. The calyx is thinly Sub scent and bright-purple. 6. V. reticulata (Walt.) Small Stem pubescent at ae about the nodes: marta areas e, oval, ovate, or elliptic-lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, thick and very pro tly coarse-reticulate, on both sides, mostly rounde d or mucronate at es oe typically lobeless or lobed on one side: flower-stalk with petioled i b m or conic-ovoid, closely covered with gray or brown hairs: achene-body rhombie, 5-6 mm. wide. vi a Walt.]—Sandy thickets, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.— 7. V. Rr Small. Stem rice. at D am the nodes: leaflets lanceolate to ovate and commonly lobed, 4—8 cm. long, t ish, finely retieulate in age, e. or du inate: flower- stalk with a or nae -petiole d ius sepal-bo 16-22 mm. long: achene-body n 4.5-5.5 mm. wide.—Thickets, Appalachian pro nce Ga. and Tenn.—Spr.— 528 RANUNCULACEAE 8. V. flaccida Small. s finely pubescent: leaflets thin, pe -ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-10 long, siiis silky beneath, mostly e odis stalk with stout- stalked [tee below the middle: sepa l-body 1 78.20 m . lo ong: achene- ai ovate, 5.5-6.5 mm. wide.—Thickets, Interior Low Plateau, Tenn. and Ky.—Spr. 9. V. En orna (L.) Small Stem M raro: beg the nodes: leaflets ovate to lanceolate or suborbicular in outline, 2.5-9 em. long, entire or lobed, green and sometimes sparingly D b eneath: eene stalk with short-stalked hs acts near the middle: sepal-body 19-22 mm. long: achene-body ovate to elliptic, 4.5— ide. [C. Viorna TI ui ds and thickets, as provinces s N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala. Ohio, and Pa.—Spr. ~sum.—The achene-plumes are usually tawny, but sometimes white ones may be found. 10. V. glaucophylla Small. Stem glabrous or near ly so: leaflets ovate to suborbicular, 3-10 em. long, entire or lobed, E but gla dri Nur eibi stalk with short-stalked pass about the middle: sepal-body 20—25 mm. ong: achene e-body suborbicular or rhombic-orbicular mm. wide. acted val- sd various provinces, Fla. to Ala. "Ey. a nd N. C.— Spr.-sum V. Addisonii i n Small. Stem E cud leaf-blades ovate to bee 5-10 em. lo entire or those of the lower ones lobed, glaucous beneath: flower- eae with sessile bracts: RUD -body 18-20 mm. long, or rarely longer: achene-body suborbicular, about 6 mm. rd —River bark Blue Ridge and adj. provinces, N. C. to Tenn. and Va.—Spr. 12. V. ochroleuca (Ait.) Small. Plant 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, sometimes narrowly so, 3-12 em. long, entire or the lower ones sometimes lo pedicels hirsute: sepal-body 19-22 mm. long: achene-body abou d mm. wide. [C. ochroleuca Ait. E Pty Eripe cs andy soil, various prov , Ga. to N. Y.—'The calyx is yel white.—V. ovata (Purs sh) Small, included. in Fl SE U. S.is believed to E ay with this species. 13. V. Baldwinii (T. & G.) Small. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic to lanceolate or linear, sometimes pinnately parted, 1. em. sepals purple or paler, 2.5—4 em. long, Bie with a thin crisped en and a slender eo Hd ithe) t : win T. & G.] —(PrNE-HYAOINT E .)—Pinelands and marshes, ems la.—Spr.- fall or all year S.—An infusion taken cold is considered a valuable remedy by the Seminoles in cases of sunstroke. 24, ATRAGENE L. Perennial vines. Leaf-blades several- foliolate. Flowers solitary on axillary branches. e mostly 4, thin, petal-like, large, veiny. Petals small, spatulate. Stam numerous, erect, the outer more or less e like; anthers oval. Carpels several. Achenes with long plumose styles.—About 5 species, natives of the north temperate zone. A. americana es Stem brown, irail- a sepals purplish-blue, 3-5 em. long: petals 8—13 . long: achene-body de, with style-tips 3—4 cm. lo [Clematis verticillaris DC.] — (BELL-RUE. MOUNTAIN-CLEMATIS WER ROCK-CLEMATIS.)—Rocky woods, Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, N. C. to Man. and Que.—Spr. ANNONACEAE 529 Famity 3. ANNONACEAE — CUSTARD-APPLE FAMILY Shrubs or trees with uniform or dimorphous stems. Leaves alternate, estipulate: ode entire, pinnately veined and often pn retie jeu- t lowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious, solitary 1 axils, paired, or in threes. Calyx of 3 a ~ epals. Corolla much larger than the calyx, of 6, (9, or 12) petals dee um of ma stamens: anthers blunt. Gynoe eclum of few or many carpels or Doer of one earpel. Fruit berry-like, clustered (solitary by abortion), or ag- gregate. Seeds arillate, with rumihate endosperm erm.—About 48 genera m 550 species, most abundant in the tropies. Carpels few and distinet or solitary, borne on a flat or globular receptacle: petals thin-edged, imbricate in the bud, herbaceous or coriaceous : E aa Be lene Carpels numerous, confluent with each other and with the dicneate recentacle: petals oo edged,. valvate in the bud, felt-like: anther-sacs contiguou TRIBE II. ANNONEAE. MINEAE Receptacle hemispheric or glo obul petals relatively broad, those of the 2 series dissimilar Petals impressed veiny within; inner merely concave at base; leaf-blades membranous. 1. ASIMINA. p n impressed veiny ; inner corrugated within at base; leaf-blades coriaceous. 2.. PITYOTHAMNUS. Receptacle flat: petals narrow, of a linear type: those of 2 or 3 series not very dissimilar. 3. DEERINGOTHAMNUS. II. AN Tree or "Ru of low situations: berry eerie sealy or muricate 4, ANNONA. 1. ASIMINA ‘an Shrubs or trees with heavy-scented foliage. Leaves promptly deciduous: blades membranous, pinnately veined, not reticu- late. Flowers inconspicuous, solitary in the axils of last year’s leaves. rolla lurid- -green to dark-purple: petals much larger I the sepals, stiff, ereet and recurved at the tip. Ovules few-several. Berri s pulpy, solitary or 2—4 to- gether, edible.—Following are the only known species.—Spr.—PAWPAWS. CUSTARD-APPLES.—The flowers are nearly or quite full-grown when they open. Corolla over 3 em. wide: sepals 12-14 mm. long: seeds decidedly flattened, 2-3 cm. long. 1. A. triloba. E enn Lu 1.5 em. wide: sepals 5-7 mm. long: seeds urgi -1.5 cm. long. 2. A. parviflora. 1. A. triloba (L.) Dunal. Shrub, or pain tree up to 12 m. tall: leaves nar- . lo rowly obovate to cuneate-obovate, 10-80 e ong, acuminate: “pedicels 10 mm i ovate: ^T long, glabrous or sparingly pubesc "n ries ellipsoid to somewhat cylindrie, T. 16 e long.— ANA. PAWPAW- APPLE.) River banks and rieh woods, various prov- inces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Mich., and Ont.— Efforts are nu being made to grow the fruit commer H na Rp Shrub 4 m. tall o piae leaf-blades eum elliptic- 530 ANNONACEAE broadly ovate: outer petals ovate or aaa so, 7—10 a long, a pubes- s oan oval or ellipsoid, aR ies 2—6 em. long.— (SMALL-FRUITED PAW DWARF-PAWPAW.)—Pinelands, uu -woods, id pem Coastal Plain | and adj. provinces, N pen. Yu to Miss. and N. C. 2. PITYOTHAMNUS Small. Shrubs with odorous, somewhat aroma- tic, foliage and uniform stems. Leaves tardily deciduous or somewhat persis- tent: blades leathery or chartaceous, retieulate-veined. Flowers conspicuous, solitary or in pairs, before or after the leaves. Corolla white or yellowish, or partly or wholly red-purple: petals very much larger than the sepals, more or less drooping. Ovules few. Berries solitary or 2-7 together, more or less in- equilateral, often uneven from the u al ual development of the seeds, edible.— Comprising only the following species.—Spr.—PAwPAWS. Doc-APPLES.— The flowers often inerease much in size and assume deeper colors after they open. Flowers arising from axils : the deciduous leaves of the preceding season, Be ng before the leaves of the season or with them as they develop. I. RETICULATAE. Flowers terminal on olor cals stalks or leafy branchlets axillary to the leaves of the season, thus appearing after the leaves. II. OBOVATI. . RETICULATAE Young leaves copiously pubescent bencati but not lanate- tomentose: mature outer n obovate : inner petals strongly auriculate near the 1. P. reticulatus. Young leaves densely iat tome osa mature outer petals oval, often broadly so, or oval-obovate: inner petals not strongly auriculate. 2. P. incanus, II. Flowers borne on a short axillary Stalk which bears a scale- ie bract at the base or near it: outer petals 6 em. r les Outer E "flat, mostly over 5 cm. long: inner petals corrugated at the base: anthers over 2 nm long. 3. P. angustifolius. Outer petals revolute, mostly less than 5 e long: inner pet als corrugated all over: anthers pee than 2 mm on Inner petals narrowed at the apex, decidedly longer than wide: perianth trimerous. 4. P. pygmaeus. Inner petals rounded at the apex, as wide as long or nearly so: perianth tetramerous. 5. P.tetramerus. Flowers borne on a short leafy branchlet: outer petals 6 cm. long or more. 6. P. obovatus. 1. P. reticulatus (Chapm.) Small. Shrub 1 m. tall or less, t grayish or brown bark, the shoots tawny tomentulose: d “elliptic. cuneate to c n or individually narrowly elliptic, 2.5-9 em. long, mostly bonded at the apex, ab mds nd at - base, very ps Me Me Es oval ovate, about 1 em. long, ES roel outer et shoei CN em. long, finely E without: inner pon 2-2.5 em. long: ber elliptic, 2.5-9 long, r rounded at ba ud seeds 145 em. "ion ng. [Asimina reticulata Chapm. A. Ear ida d —Pinel ie and scrub, pen. Fla.—A tea made from E A flowers of this and the dee species is e E ag by the aaa as a remedy for kidney EPIS disorder qe 2. P. incanus (Bartr.) Small. Shrub 1.5 m. tall or less, the stems with a dark-gray bark, the shoots densely Td omen- tulose: leaf- blades elliptic-obovate or obovate, or individually elliptic or some- . ANNONACEAE | 531 what cuneate, mostly rounded at the apex, err narrowed at t eg bas short-petioled: iy a 6— - Es long, tawny-tomentulose: outer pe er obovate or oval, . long, rather uo ae without; inner petals about 2 ¢ m, long: em mostly oval, or to AR. or obovoid, ET ng: seeds 1-1.5 lon [ Asimina a (Michx.) A. Gray A. ee Nash] (Phá Dnus \ Pinelands, o Plain, "NÉ Fla. to S ‘Ga. 3. P. angustifolius (A. Gray) Small. Shrub 1.5 m. tall or less, the erect or o often o stems with brown or red bark, or gray when very old, the twigs minutely tawny-pubescent: leaf-bla du narrowly linear, often emot. -linear, oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, 6-10 cm. long, acute or obtuse, glabrous id ees gradually narrowed to the rem short-petioled: sepals ovate, 1—1.5 cm. long, glabrous or rc. so: outer lle elliptic, varying to broadest above or ed the middle, long: r petals somewhat rU E ae em. long: berry ellipsoid or age ellipsoid. fur em. long: eeds 1-2 ong. [Asimina angustifolia A. Gray|—Pinelands, woods, and fas id Plain, N pen. Fla. to SE Ala. and S Ga. 4. P. pygmaeus (Bartr.) Small. Shrub with arching ascending or decum- bent stems 2-6 dm. long, pire idis together from the top of the root, the bark red or reddish, the twigs wny-pubescent : er scenes dc oblan- ; o to reniform, 6-7 mm. lo when young: petals 6, the outer "ei pair but more or less revolute and crisped boss the middle, 2—4 em. long or rarely longer, white tinted with purple to dark-maroon; inn R Des obovate to "Jan eeolate, 1.5-2.5 ong, sometimes aeuminate, dark-purple: berry inequilaterally ellipsoid or ellipsoid ‘obovoid, 4—7 em. long: seeds mostly less than 1.5 em. long. [Asimina a (Bartr.) A. Gray A. secundiflora Shuttlw. 1-— Pinelands, E Fla. and 5. P. tetramerus Small. Shrub 1-3 m. tall, with irregularly placed, often middle, 1.5-2.5 em. long, w xd abov e, reddish- eae e bel ow; inner PRO bie or rhombie-ovate, 9—11 mm. lon e eddis h-purple, obtuse, Ubro at the ae pes ellipsoid or cylindric- ellipsoid, mostly 5-9 em. lon ng: seeds mostly ver 1.5 em —Scrub, near estuary of the St. Lucie River, Fla. 6. P. obovatus (Willd.) Small. Shrub 3 m. ew or less, with erect branch- ing stems, sometimes tree-like, the bark dark-gray or gray-brown, the twigs red- or brown-tomentulose: leaf- blades pre due Sau or euneate-obovate, 4—10 em. long, rounded or notche the apex, with the veins and veinlets red- tomentulose bn abruptly narrowed at the base, o etioled: sepals ovate, oval, or clipe, 10-16 mm. long, thinly pubescent when young: outer petals obovate or oval, 6-11 cm. sine ; inner petals elliptic to obovate, often 2 pan une Bi 3-6 em. long: berry oval, obovate, or oval-ellipsoid, mostly 6—12 em. long: seeds 1.5-2 cm. long. [Asimina obovata (Willd.) Nash]— (FLAG. pU )—Pinelands and scrub, pen. Fla. 3. DEERINGOTHAMNUS Small. Shrubs with aromatic foliage and imorphous stems, i.e., foliaceous and floriferous. Leaves persistent on the slender stems which are longer than the flower stems: blades firm-membranous. Flowers very fragrant, on stout stems clustered on the top of a long tap-root, 032 ANNONACEAE solitary or two or three together in the axils of broad foliaceous bracts. Sepals 2 to 4, broad. Corolla white or ochroleucous: petals 6-12, narrow, coriaceous, often curled backward. Ovules 6-8. Berry solitary or 2 or 3 together.—Fol- lowing are the only known species.—Spr Corolla white or pinkish; petals of a linear type, the longer on more than four times the length of the sepals: pedicels over 1 cm. long. . D. pulchellus. Corolla yellow ; petals of a lanceolate type, the longer ones less four times the length of the sepals: pedicels less than 7 1 em. long. 2. D. Rugelit. 1. D. pulchellus Small. Root t fusiform, 3-6 dm. long: stems 3 dm. or less, those bearing flowers stouter than the leafy ones, all early glabrous: eee bright- Ben: blades cuneate to spatulate, 3-11 long, Ub us OT dod hae E uu orm reticulate above, glab at maturity "n RU persistent scatte e ioc: hairs on midrib beneath: oe of ps quid eR, pus Bb. ova val, elliptic, sessile or nearly so: ae oe 1-2.5 em. long: sepals coriaceous, triangular to lanceolate, 4-8 mm. long, acute, glabrous or obscurely pubescent: petals linear, vary- ing to broadest above the middle or below it, stricted betw n the s eeds, 2-4.5 em. long: gr very buy dd Or fattened on one side.—Low pinelands, SW . Fla. a D. Rugelii (Robinson) bc Plant similar in habit to that of D. pulchel- , but more ore T red-tomentose, at least when young: o 2-6 dm. "ll: = deep-green; blades spatulate, cuneate, or obovate: bracts of the flowering stem fo o. elliptic or nearly so, 2. 5-4 c m. long, rounded at the T reticulate, abru ptly c to & short pedo pedi- cels spreading or rec p m eading, less than 1 em. long: sepals broadly ovate to deltoid, Bb ee copiously pubescent at least ies young: petals lanceolate, or sometim mes elliptic: lanceolate, 12 mm. long, very fleshy, obtuse, minute pubesce ee stamens 2.5—3 mm. lo ong or less: ma obovoid to cylin indric- obovoid, often curved and Cos between the , 2-6 em. long: seeds subglobose to oval, sb turgid. [Asimina Rugelii nu c NE pen. Fla. 4. ANNONA L. Trees with pungent-aromatie foliage. Leaves per- sistent: blades thick-membranous or coriaceous, pinnately veined or rd Flowers perfect, solitary or clustered. Sepals usually broad. Corolla white or yellow, conic to globose-conic: petals 6, very broad, the outer converging to the apex, completely enclosing the smaller inner ones. Ovule solitary in each car- pel. Fruit an aggregate of the receptacle and the fleshy mature carpels.— About 60 species, mostly in tropical America.—PAWPAWS. CUSTARD-APPLES. Petals very broad, often wider than long: fruit not tuberculate. 1. A. glabra. Petals narrow: fruit strongly tuberculate. 2. A. squamosa. a L. Tree 14 tall or less T stout buttressed trunks: leaf- blades elliptic, oval, or elliptic. -ovate, 9-18 em. long, acute or short- AERES, MAGNOLIACEAE 533 short-petioled: flowers drooping, short-pedi- on d: sepals reniform, appr ressed : n. imson blo 3.5 berry ovoid, inequilateral, 5-12 cm. long, yellow blotehe d with ee coarsely reticu- late: seeds 9-20 mm. long. [4. laurifolia Dunal.] — (Pon ND-APPLE. CUSTARD-APPLE. ds, an E e > ° H o d O > a) = § tH V rd "T. o B Qt or and s mall fruits has sometimes been con- sidered us tinet species, under the name A. palus 2. A. sa L. D 2 glabrous or nearly glabrous E leaf- eye mainly ‘elliptic, en elliptie-lanceolate, mos tly 10-15 em. long, r slender petioled: sepals EDS adly deltoid, about 2 mm. long, MSIE outer icu narrowly elliptic tc linear-lanceolate, 24-28 mm. long: pud bs to globose- —10 em. long, tuberculate, yellowish green.— a APPLE. WEET- E | Ham ocks, Florida Keys. Nat. of trop. Am.—(f ^L. )—Grown exten- iy in the pisc Us for its edible E Faminy 4A. MAGNOLIACEAE — MAGNOLIA FAMILY Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves, alternate, sometimes apparently whorled: blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers perfect or monoe- cious. Calyx ‘of 3 petaloid sepals or rarely more. Corolla of 5 imbri- Leaves not lobed, sometimes merely auricled at the base: mature carpels dehiscent or. berr pe Carpels whorl: petals ny. 1. ILLICIUM. capan imbrieated in severa al series : sed about 5. Twining shrubs with monoecious flowers: stamens 5, united i or disk: fruit a spike of berries, 2. SCHIZANDRA. Erect shrubs or trees with pe fect u deciduous: follicle Parade d. 3. TULIPASTRUM. Corolla white: styles or stigmas de persistent: fol- licle tipped by the style or stigm 4. MAGNOLIA. Leaves 4-lobed : mature carpels samara-like, P indelisceut 5. LIRIODENDRON. 1. ILLICIUM L. Aromatic shrubs or trees. Leaves evergreen: blades entire, exstipulate. Flowers perfect, more or less nodding. Sepals 3-6. Petals any, in 3-several series, the inner the narrower. Stamens numerous: filaments nearly linear: anther-sacs contiguous. Carpels in 1 series. Seed solitary.— Seven species, the following and 5 in Asia.—Spr.—ANISE-TREES. STAR-ANISES. Corolla 2 em. broad: petals 6-12: leaf-blades obtuse. 1. I. parviflorum. Corolla 2.5-3 em. broad: petals 20-30: leaf-blades acuminate. 2. I. floridanum. arviflorum Michx. Shrub 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, 6-10 c long, sepals less than 10 mm. ie petals ovate or suborbicular, about as ious 534 MAGNOLIACEAE as oe sepals, — iis about 2 cm. wide. oods and swamps, Cosstal Pain m a a num Ellis. Shrub 2-3 m. lcs blades “elliptic, 6-15 em. long, i scen pals over 10 m |] g: petal linear or nearly so, 15-20 mm. long, dark d mm. wide — (PURPLE- ANISE. STINK-BUSH. ram hammocks, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to La. and N Ala.—The flowers have the odor of de- eaying fish. 2. SCHIZANDRA Michx. Vines. Leaves - deciduous: blades sometimes toothed. Flo ers monoecious, i ng. Sepals 5 or 6. Des 5 or 6, each thickened at the base. Stamen : filaments dilated, united into a disk: anther-sacs separated. 2.—Six Carpels l ee species, iis fallosi ing M 5 others Asiatic. ea Michx. Woody vine: leaf- in “thiekish, oval, elliptic or ovate, 5-15 em. long, slender -petioled: sepals oval to ovate, 3-6 mm. long: petals obovate-cuneate, mostly pret Lee of ae 4—7 em. long, ee b cu E —(W PAY E) — — Rich woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. ue Da. and S. C.— Spr.- 3. TULIPASTRUM Spach. Tree Leaves deciduo blades entire. Flow l perfect, Ta pro or yellow, me "Proit a torulose cone.—The follow- ing are the only known species.—Spr.—CUCUMBER-TREES. Leaf-blades more or less acuminate: corolla greenish. 1. T. acuminatum. Leaf-blades obtuse or abruptly po vind corolla canary-yellow. 9. T. cordatum. - 1. T. acuminatum (L.) Small Tree becoming EA m. tall: leaf-blades elliptie to bee or rarely obovate, 1.5—3 ng, m or pem acuminate, usually membranous: sepals mostly lanceolate or elliptic: y^ 7 o to oblanceolate, 5-7 em. long, greenish yellowi sh-green, (or vum): it- LINN. YELLOW-LINN. )—Rieh i various provinees, S Ga. to Ark. and Ont T. cordatum (Miehx.) Small. Shrub or small tree: leaf-blades oval or orbicular-oval, to broadly pies a d te, 1-1.5 dm. long, ons sepals ovate: petals obovate, 4—5 m. long, light- a : fruit. -cone 2-5 em. si W with d | [Magnolia Cia Mic x.] oods, Piedmont and Blue Ridge, "Ga. 0 N. M la. MAGNOLIACEAE 535 . MAGNOLIA IL. Shrubs or trees. Leaves deciduous or persistent, sometimes very large, scattered or in umbrella-like clusters; blades entire, some- times aurieled at the base. Flowers perfect, erect, white. Sepals and petals about equal in size, more or less coriaceous. Frui echinate cone of usually colored earpels.—About 25 species, North tes and Asiatic—Bays.—The trees are ornamental both in flower and in fruit. The fruits are very conspicuous when the scarlet seeds dangle from the follicles on invisible threads. Leaves persistent; blades coriaceous, gradually or abruptly nee at the base: flower-buds silky : petals short and broad. . GRANDIFLORAE. Leaves deciduous ; Sees a pape cordate, auriculate, or acute at the base: flower-buds tomentose or glabrous: : S. "fruit con green, often pale beneath: buds Pope So URBE branches umbrella-clustered. II. UMBRELLAE. Leaf blades glaucous beneath: buds tomentose: fruit-cone subglobular, oval or ovoid: leaves of the flowering branches not mbes CIusLere d. III. MACROPHYLLAE. I. GRANDIFLORAE Leaf-blades thick-coriaceous: corolla 1-1.5 dm. long: fruit-cone 8-12 cm. long, the carpels numerous. 1. M. grandiflora. Leaf-blades thin-coriaceous: corolla 3-5 em. long: fruit-cone 3-5 * long, the carpels few. 2. M. virginiana. II. UMBRELLAE Leaf-blades acute at the base. 3. M. tripetala. Leaf-blades auricled at the bas Leaf-blades elongate- bovis to obovate- AE gradually pointed at the apex: stamens 9-12 mm. lon ng. 4. M. Fraseri. E rhombic-obovate, abruptly Bu. stamens 4-6 mm. : f lon 5. M. pyramidata. III. rdc. AE Leaves very large, cordate or subcordate at the base, very glau- eous beneath: fruit-cone SSODEIOBOSG or eund: ric-ovoid. “on mostly = 3 dm. wide: fruit-cone subglobose: seed 1-14 mm. lon 6. M. macrophylla. Corolla BE $4 dm. wide: fruit-cone cylindric-ovoid : seed 9-10 m 7. M. Ashei. M. grandiflora L. Tree, when large with a trunk-diameter of over 2 m a dark bark: leaf- blades elliptic, oval, broadly di eu. or ey ovate, E E lon ng rown- or rusty- -tomen n beneath: flowers very conspicuous, lem a petals creamy-white; blades sub orbicular to orbicular-obovate, 5-1 wide: fruit-cone oval; carpe els een ve seeds 1.5-2 em. long. [M. foetida (L.) oe re TEE OC ws ULL-BAY. MAGNOL SOUTHERN-MAGNOLIA.) — Ham- mocks, bluffs, sand- ars and sandy bottoms, Coastal Plain, C i o Tex., Ar N. C.—Spr.- —Cult. for ornament as far N as Washington, D. C. 2. M. virginiana L.. Shrub or le at most \ with a trunk-diameter of 1 and pale bark: leaf- e d Or bea D e —15 ong, laucous an or He sky Pb flowers rather ineonspieuous, but very fragran ore p ka white; blades elliptic, oval or obovato mostly 2-3 em. p druiteoe oval or ovoid; i a glabrous: seeds 8-10 mm. long. [M. a L.]— 536 MAGNOLIACEAE (SWEET-BAY. SWAMP-BAY. WHITE-BAY. BEAVER- sgn )—Swamps and low b dd Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to E 'Tex., Tenn. and —BSpr.-fall.—Of all our trees, this is one of the e consistent BE "S adad soils. It is deciduous 3. M. tripetala L. Tre trunk-diameter of 4 dm., the twigs glabrous: leaf- blades.. alliptic. an Pee to obov se ‘oblanceolate, 2-7 dm. long, acute, sometimes abruptly pointed, pubescent beneath at least when young: flowers scented, but not pleasantly so: petals elliptic. x 16 em. long: fruit-cone ellipsoid, 8-12 cm. long, pink. [M. Umbrella pes (UMBRELLA-TREE. MBRELLA-MAGNOLIA. ELK-WOOD D.)—Rich woods d ravines, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ark., Mo., and Pa.—This and the four following species are called cucumber- trees. M. TE Walt. Tree with a maximum trunk-diameter of 5 dm., the twigs glaucous: leaf-blades elongate-obovate to obovate-spatulate, 2—4 dm . lo ong, the hasal Mur pee directed kward: flowers pleasantly scented : petals elliptic to peii did ate, ee 2s ong: fruit-cone ellipsoid-conic, 7—12 e long, eep- LEA p A-TREE OUNTAIN-OREAD. ND DIAN- SIC. )— Woods, - Blue R Ridge : and adj. ao inces, Ga. to Ala., Ky., and Va M. bursa Pursh. Tree with a re Mm a diameter of about 2 dm e twigs green: leaf-blades rhombic-obovate, 1-2 dm. long, the basal rds Aure owers somewhat fragrant: an Pes 5-8 cm. long: fruit-cone ellipsoid, 6-8 mm. long, pi za OREAD. \—Woods and i stream- banks, Coastal Plain, WwW Fla. to Miss. and G 6. M. ue Miehx. Tree with a maximum trunk-diameter of about 5 dm. twigs pubescent: leaf-blades dedu. to ee pl ria ay 3-9 dm. em aa basal lobes broad: flowers fragrant: petals rather irregular in shape, but broad, the outer 19-23 cm. long: 22 n ee or broadly es 6-11 mm. in di ink. REAT-LE AL SILVER-LEAF. Big-BLOOM.)—Rich woods, various provinces, W Fla. to La., Ark. Ec nd N. C.—The trunk is sometimes branched near the base Ashei Weatherby. Tree similar to M. macrophylla, but smaller and sometimes shrubby: leaf-blades with the pubescenee of the midrib beneath sub- appressed: petals more or less irregular in shape, -o ue dh to oval, vary- ing to broadest above the middle or below it, the outer 12—15 em. long: fruit- cone cylindric-ovoid, 5-11 em. long.—Sandy woods in streams, Coastal Plain, W Fla. (and S Ga.?); also Tex. 5. LIRIODENDRON L. es. Leaves deciduous: blades lobed. Flowers perfect, greenish-yellow. pon 3, reflexed. Petals 6, broader than the sepals, erect. Fruit a cone of appressed samara-like carpels—Two species, the fol- lowing and one in China 1. L. Tulipifera L. Tree becoming 60 m tal, the bark with flat ridges: le af-blades 6-20 cm. wide, 4-lobed, truncate or notched at the apex: flowers ee podes elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 4 em. long: petals elliptic, oval, or ao ae greenish- dern and das tinged with orange: fruit 5-7 cm. long, erect, the carpels 3-4 em Wa EEN ney DIE BEN WHITE- E OP Rich damp woods, various provinces, N pen. Fla. to Ark. Mich., Ont., and Mass.—Sum —An important nae tree. “MENISPERMACEAE 537 Faminy 5. MENISPERMACEAE — MooNSEED FAMILY Perennial herbaceous vines. Leaves alternate: blades entire or lobed, sometimes peltate. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, in racemose or paniculate cymes. Calyx of 6 sepals, or fewer or more. Corolla of 4-6, ie ae ond pn than : sepals, or wanting. pan ici of. an ens, or mo ynoecium of 3-6 distinct carpels, berry Tike N - About 55 ae and 150 species, ee natives of the tropic Corolla none: stigma radiate. 1. CALYCOCARPUM. Corolla present: stigma entire or 3-lobed. . Pistillate flowers with 4-8 Dons gynoecium of 3-5 carpels, the stigmas not lobed: androecium of 6-24 stamens, ne SIDES terminating ong filaments: drupe glabro Stam n : stigma subulate: drupe red. 2. EPIBATERIUM, Stamens 12-24: stigma dilated: oe black. 3. MENISPERMUM. Pistillate ‘flowers with 1 petal: gynoecium a single carpel, the A n ur geh androecium of 2 or 4 stamens, the an na sile on a central peltate column: dru pubes 4. CISSAMPELOS. i. CALYCOCARPUM Nutt. Vines with relatively large prominently lobed leaf-blades. m 6. Filaments nearly linear. Stigma radiate. Seed eup-like.—One specie Ly aD oo Nutt. Stems twin- woods and O various provinces, eae e b. Kans., Ill, and Ky.—Spr.—The br anches, em ie du are dad ene elon ripe green plum-like and ripe black fruits Dui on long stalks from the brane 2. EPIBATERIUM Forst. Vines with e small entire or lobed leaf-blades. Sepals 6. Petals 6, involute at the Stamens club-like. Uo si sessile. Stigmas subulate. cod cochleate. gcc Forsk. Coccu- C.]—About 11 species, mostly tropical 1. E. carolinum (L.) Britton. Leaf-blades Hiis ovate to deltoid, 4-12 cm. long: flowers white: outer sepals elliptic: drupes zd 1-8 mm. long. ([Cocculus carolmus ED-MOONSEED. SNAILSEED.)— Woods, Pann and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Kans., and Va.—Sum.—This is a much ls woody vine than e Pour Ain ng. eio leaf Ie vary entir others prominently dd The dens sister of bright-red fruits dines ai along the branches are very conspicu 538 MENISPERMACEAE 3. MENISPERMUM. [Tourn.] L. "Vines, with rather large entire or shallow-lobed leaf-blades. Sepals 4-8. Petals 4-8, with involute sides. Fila- ments clavate. Gynoecium stipitate. Stigmas flabellate. Seed COCHE eee Den species, the following and one Asiatic. . M. canadense L. Stems finely pubes- e leaf-blades 5-20 em. wide, peltate ar the base: flowers greenish-white: sep- ve zo or oval, 1.5-2 mm. long: petals with what flabellate paar drupes bluish black abou diameter.— AC aaa ee D.)—Wo Ed thickets and fence- rows, various provinces, Ga. to Okla., Man., and Que.—Sum.—tThe ae po stems and branches of this vine sprawl over rock or climb over shrubs. The clusters of dark-blue or blue-black fruits often resemble bunches of rapes. 4. CISSAMPELOS L. Vines with broad entire leaf-blades which are etimes notched at the apex. Sepals 4 in the staminate flowers, one in the pistillate flowers. Petals 4 and united into a cup in the staminate flowers, one in the | pistillate flowers. Stamens 2 or 4, the an-! thers sessile on a central peltate column yle a Drupe subglobose.—Several dozen species, widely distributed, especially in ie tropics. 1. C. Pareira L. High-climbing vine: leaf- blades sed a suborbicular varying to j T orbicular-reni ovate-orbicular or lar-reniform, 4—10 ; ad, entire, truncate or cordate and more or less peltate at the base, long-peti- B. E inate flowers in mue h-br pi. calyx un 2 mm. wide; sepal UE Nes ate piis in Du. elusters along a long rachis, the T and petals cuneate or obovate: drupe subglobose, 7-10 mm. in diameter W. I., Mex , C. A. red, pubescent.—Hammocks, ‘Everglade Keys, pen. Fla. S. V Faminy 6. CABOMBACEAE — WATER-SHIELD FAMILY Aquatie o plants, n coated with transparent jelly. Leaves d or opposite: blades the submerged ones palmately ce those of the item leaves Mere and peltate. Flowers perfect. Calyx former. Andro of 3-18 stamens.—T wo HERO and about 5 species, widely distributed i in neci lakes and stream Leaf-blades dissected ee the inconspicuous floating ones: petals auricled: car 1. CABOMBA. Leaf-blades all deerit Aetas entire: carpels 4-18. 2. BRASENIA. NELUMBONACEAE 539 1. CABOMBA Aubl. Slender tender herbs. Blades of the submerged leaves dissected. Sepals and petals about equal. Stamens mostly shorter than the carpels: filaments subulate. Stigma terminal. Seed rough.—Four species, na- tives of the warmer parts of America. C. caroliniana A. Gray. Stems green (or purple or deep-pink re also the ee E C. caroliniana pulcherrima SW blades the floating Fla. leaves Ter -elliptie, peltate, 1.5-2 em. long: sepals and petals obovate, white or pink- purple, sometimes yellow at the base, 8-12 . long: mature carpels flask- -shaped, 5-7 mm. long, the beak i than the body.— (FANWORT. bi e EN-DOCK.) —Ponds and slow-flowing streams, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. C.—Spr.-sum. 2. BRASENIA Schreb. Stout herbs. Leaves peltate: blades entire. ` Petals narrower than the sepals. Stamens SM longer than the earpels: filaments filiform.—One species.—The lea evergreen in the southern part of our range, d the flowers are long-stalked and floating. 1. B. Schreberi Gmel tems, and other submerged parts, mucilage- Ma dee leaf- blades oval or elliptie, 5-12 e md sepals —1.5 long, the beak angle ed. [B. purpurea Michx.) Casp. B. peltata e PLE-BONNET. PURPLE WEN- SHIELD. WATER- TARGET. )— Ponds and “still water, various provinces, Fla. to Tex sj and N. S.— —(W. I., 0. W.)—Sum Famity 7. NELUMBONACEAE — Lorus FAMILY Aqua a centrally nA the Ec veins radiatin Flo center an ing towards th gins wer solitary on the erect scape alyx of several sepals. Corolla of many petals, larger than the sepals. Androecium of nu us stamens: anthe TOW, to by the prolonged connective. Gynoecium of earpels separately immersed in an obeonie pe aga of the receptacle. Stigma umbih- e Fruit several nut sed in the accrescent ee or hemis- S pherie receptacle. Represented ps the following genu 1. NELUMBO Adans. Leaves and flowers erect on the tuberous root- stock. Leaf-blades large, elevated above the water on stout petioles, depressed 540 NYMPHAEACEAE or cup-like at the center. Flowers erect. Mam and petals Bigs gradually into other. Stam erous, deciduous see acorn-like, ee in the top of the receptacle.—Three aaa the following and two in the Old World—The flowers and leaves are elevated ki the water, the lat- ter are not evergreen. 1. N. lutea (Willd.) Pers. Leaf-blades elevated on es petioles, or floating, orbicu- lar, 3-6 dm. in diameter, the edges turned upward: Peu cs 1-2 m . tall: corolla pale- .0 dm. wide: appenda , tael 7—10 em. wide: nuts 10-12 mm. n diameter — (Duc ACORN. LOTUS. M CHINQUAPIN. WATER-NUT. YO - APIN, ALLIGATOR-BUTTONS. CAN-DOCK.)— Ponds, lakes, ee cdd streams, Coastal Plain PET isolated localities in M eT pro vinces, Fla. ebr., Minn., Ont., and Mass.—Sum.—tThe fruits were x used as food by the eens Famity 8. NYMPHAEACEAE — WATER-LILY FAMILY Aquatic plants with stout horizontal rootstocks. Leaves with erect or floating blades. Flower terminating a long scape. Calyx o sepals. 0 ous stamens. Gynoecium of 6-36 united carpels, the stigmas radiate on a disk. Fruit baccate.—Five genera and about 45 species, widely dis- iibuledi in fresh water. "d as ition to emersed and floating leaves es are sometimes submersed o Petals small, filament-like: stamens hypogynous: ovary superior. 1. NYMPHAEA. Peta ee de t as large as the sepals: stamens epigynous: ovary in- fer 2. CASTALIA. 1. NYMPHAEA [Tourn.] L. Plants with erect or pea mend blades and yellow ihe Leaf-blades not peltate, with a deep sin the bas Sepals 5 or 6, concave, i n Petals numerous, uu MN TA bom, with the stamens, under the ovary. Berry smooth, maturing abov pm About 12 species, natives of the north temperate Pn SA DOCKS. SPATTER-DOCKS. BONNETS. COW-LILIES. YELLOW POND-LILIES. Leaf-blades more than twice as long as wide, the sinus less than one-fourth the length of the blade. I. SAGITTIFOLIAE. Leaf-blades less than twice as long as wide, the sinus one- fourth to one-half the length of the blade. Leaf blades glabrous beneat II. ADVENAE. Leaf-blades pubescent beneath. III. ORBICULATAE. SAGITTIFOLIAE Leaf-blades over thrice as long as Wide, the sinus open: stigma- rays linear 1. N. sagittifolia. Leaf-blades a than thrice as long as wide, the sinus closed: stigma-rays elliptic. 2. N. ulvacea. e II. ADV Leaf-blades of an orbicular or ovate- Rn n nm . N. fluviatilis. Leaf-blades markedly longer than wide. Sepals and leaf-blades very thin: submersed leaves present. 4. N. chartacea. NYMPHAEACEAE 541 penal and leaf-blades thick : submersed leaves wanting. . eaf-blades ovate or oval: inner sepals ee fruits pepe disk green or yellowish-gree 6. N. macrophylla. Leaf-blades elliptic-ovate: inner sepals CuHentesdbovdter fruits narrowly ovoid; disk chrome-yellow to red. 5. N. advena. III. ORBICULATAE Leaf-blade with a closed sinus: stamens in 9 or 10 rows: flowers about 5 mm. in diameter: seeds about 4 mm. long. 7. N. orbiculata. BT with an open sinus: stamens in 6 or 7 rows: flowers b er: seeds about 6 mm. long. 8. N. bombycina. 1. N. sagittifolia Walt. Blades of the floating leaves narrowly elliptic- 2 to elliptic, s em. long, kon sinus V-shaped; petioles stoutish: flowers spheroidal, 2.6—2 m. in diam sepals 6, the outer elli e ic or o 2-2.6 em. long, the 3 inner suborbicular: fila! np fully as us as ae nthers or nearly : fruit ovoid, 3 ass - oe ay ne the ped with line Hs DN [Nuphar ala Posh. prc W-LOTUS.) — Sluggish streams and tidal Pu. Coastal Plain, S. C. and N. C. 2. N. ulvacea Miller & Standley. Blades of the floating leaves lanceolate to ovate- apie. 11.5-16.5 em. long, the sinus closed ; 8, inner broadly obovate, clawed : INR shorter than the anthers: fruit subglobosa or ovoid-globose, 1.5-2.1 cm. long, ribbed to the base, the disk with elliptic stigma-rays: seed 3-4 mm. long.—Slow streams, W Fla. 3. N. fluviatilis Harper. a of the floating leaves suborbicular or ovate-orbicular, 18-25 cm. long, thin, the sinus open: flowers spheroidal, about 2.5 em. in diameter: ps bes very thin, the 3 outer nearly elliptic, 16-18 mm. long, the 3 inner obovate, slightly E than the outer, elawed: petals about as long as the stamens, mostly truneate: fruit (imma- ture) ovoid; disk orbicular, the bot linear. ums “and bayous, Coastal Plain, and adj. provinces, W Fla. to Ala. and N. C. 4. N. chartacea rad B Mes Blades of the E uada oe to elliptic-ovate, 14-23 c ong, , the sinus closed or very narrow: flowers spheroidal, 3—3.5 em. in ae sepals 6, thin A 3 outer elliptic, 12—20 mm. long, the 3 inner obovate, nearly or quite as long a the outer, and thinner: petals about as long as the stamens, rounded o r truncate at the apex: fruit not seen.—Ponds and bayous, near the Gulf, Fla. i5 Mis 5. N. advena Ait. Leaf-blades n normally borne nae the surface of the water, mm to oval, 15-33 e ong, p ded bie: , the sinus usually forming a right angle; petioles gd. terete: ipe 3—4 j i 35 mm. g, d er: suborbicular, about as long as the outer: m elear-yellow like the inner sepals, about 20, elliptie- ed about 8 m ng, truncate or retuse at the apex: filaments euneate-linear, somewhat rund than pn anther, usually dull- red except the yellow tip: fruit A ee about 5 in dia meter; disk light-green or yellowish-green. [Nup advena R. Br. cc Mein x m Ponds and streams, various m Ga. to Tex., Nebr., Wis., and N. 542 NYMPHAEACEAE . N. macrophylla Small. Leaf-blades ids or floating, elliptie-ov b 28—40 em. long, glabrous, the sinus V-shaped: flowers spheroidal, 3.2—3.8 c 6 the 3 h eter: sepals 6, uter obovate, about ng, the 3 inner broadly cuneate-obovate; petals light doo yellow, broadly euneate, about 10 mm. long: filaments about 15 as long as the anthers, lemon-yellow: fruit narrowly ovoid, about 3.5 em. long; disk paces led to red.—Streams and sloughs, N E Fla. and the peninsula. . N. orbiculata Small. Leaf-blades floating, suborbieular, 3-5 dm. long, glabrous above, mul Mie a sinus closed by the overlapping lobes: Pun ers us pes Raus n diameter: mee, sepals elliptic, about long, t n si ae pus clawed: petals linear to elliptic- obovate: mu slightly shorter than the anthers: Ps dedi about 4 long, the stigmatic disk with erect edges: seed 4 . long.—Lakes and aud. Coastal Plain, M Fla. and adj. Ga. | 8. N. bombycina Miller & Standley. Leaf-blades floating, broadly ovate to orbieular- -ovate, 2-3 dm. long, glabrous above, densely silky benea th, the sinus open: flowers spheroidal, 6-8 em. in diameter: outer sepals elliptic, 2.54.5 € ic ion ng, the inner obovate: nd pas often truncate, 6-10 mm. long: filaments a 15 as long as the anthers: fruit ovoid to nearly cylindric, 5-6 em. long, the stigmatie disk vith c spreading ee : seed 6 mm. long. —Ponds, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ga. 2. CASTALIA Salisb. Plants with floating leaf-blades and white, dina blue, or yellow flowers. Leaf-blades subpeltate, cleft at the base. Sepals adin mostly 4, spr PR a s few to many, spreading, the outer ones as large as the sepals, born h the stamens on the span, which encloses the ovary. Berry poet with the persistent petal- and s re maturin = under water.—About 40 species, of wide geographic puru tion.—WA LILIES. WATER-NYMPHS. POND-LILIES.— The inner petals NM Cd, a Corolla white, pinkish, blue or violet: rootstock not stoloniferous. Corolla white or pinkish: outer stamens not appendaged at the apex: styles subulate. I. ODORATAE. pe blue x violet: outer stamens with the connective pro- ced i an apical appendage: styles mere blunt pro- ub. ran s II. ELEGANTES. Corolla yellow : rootstock stoloniferous at the tip. III. FLAVAE, I. ODORATAE Need O 5 mm. long or less, when converging not g at the tip: style- disk basin- shaped : corolla mostly 10 c wide or less: leaf-blades flat Calyx 9- ‘11 em. wide: petaloid pm 3-3.5 em. long: an- A of the inner stamens 6-7 mm. long: Style. disk 17-20 wide. 1. C. odorata. Calyx pine 6-8 em. wide: petaloid stamens 2-2.5 mm. long: n A Er inner stamens 10-11 mm. long: style-disk 2. C. minor. Styles donders ubet, 10 mm. long or more, when converging meeting at the tip: style- disk funnelform : corolla =i over 15 cm. wide: leaf-blades with the edges turned up 9. C. lekophylla. ELEGAN Plants with slender petioles and flower-stalks, ims leaf-blades floating, the flowers elevated above the water 4. C. elegans. III. FLAVAE Plant with warty rootstocks and somewhat peltate leaf-blades. 5. C. flava. 1. C. odorata (Ait. Woodv. & Wood. Roostock stout, mostly 2.5-3 cm. thiek: leaf-blades ence 15-20 em. wide, green tinged with red or PODOPHYLLACEAE purple-red and obscurely Mein Leech sepals v dd or elliptic-ov ong: pe sually more than. 38 eipte a slightly ee eee upward, thi ckis h: ns pt ro ect £g Ha un eed globose, mostly 2.5-3 em. in diam eter: seed about 3 mm. long. Ter odorata Ait.]— (ALLIGATOR-BONNET. STAR- LOTU S.)—Pon nds, lakes, slow e and ditches, various provinces, Fla. to La., Man., nd N. S. 2. C. minor (Sims) DC. Rootstock slen- der, mostly about 1.5 em. thick: leaf-blades j j a pt in th: . long: ns bored less than 20, n es or Pate thin and delic stamens usually less than 60, th id ones 2.5— ; ong: pp most 10-15: berry dae e $ Ee somewhat depressed, mostly lo less than em. in diameter: seed abou long. Lakes ponds, and ditehes, oe in acid water, Coastal Plain, Fla. to a and N. J . lekophylla e Rootstock very stout, 4—6 cm. Sane ae blades I dE 20-60 cm. wide, with the edges turned upwards somewhat as in Victoria, deep- green "beneath o r tinged with purple or red, ay reticulate Min ath with very stout v a sepals pt. -ovate 0 r broadly ded ie long: petals 25—30, Si elliptie to linear-elliptie, thiek: Bu 80—100, the peta taloid o aston 5 em. long: styles 20-25: Aes de. pressed Lydi: , 9.5—4.9 em, in aa [C. reniformis a U. S.) J— ( A:PPLE-LOTU s.)—Lak es Per ponds, Cosstal Plain, Fla and Del.— (W. L., Mex —'The West Indian specimens seem to be Bike de pre Florida. )— Those from Mexico may Mecum a different specie 4. C. elegans (Hook.) Greene. Rootstock stout: leaf-blades ovate to oval- orbieular, mostly 8-20 em. wide, s -sinuate or near entire, usually dark i red-purple and somewhat veiny beneath: flowers usually standing 1-2.5 dm. above the water: sepals mostly lanceolate, 4-5 em. long: petals 6—10, lanceolate sometimes ovate-lanceolate, blue or pale-violet: stamens numerous: styles d bs doped : 15-25: be E depressed- Ld eue a em, in di- eeds n diameter.—( BLUE WATER-LILY.)—Ponds, pools, and ae. Big a a. Fla., also Coastal Plain, S "Tex.— (Mer) 5. C. flava (Leitner) Greene. Rootstock warty with the persistent petiole- bases: leaf-blades oval to suborbicular, 6—20 cm. wide, glabrous, bright-green -6 mm. long: see mm. in diameter. [Nymphaea flava Leitner]— (YELLOW WATER-LILY. SUN-LOTUS. )—Lakes, ponds, and slow streams, pen. Famity 9. PODOPHYLLACEAE — MAY-APPLE FAMILY Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes all basal and scale-like: blades simple or ternately compound. Flowers perfect, of 4 or 6 sepals. Corolla of 6 or 9 petals resembling the sepals except in Caulophyllum. Androecium of 6—18 stamens, the anthers opening by valves, except in P. bout 10 genera and 30 species, d. distributed. 544 PODOPHYLLACEAE Anthers opening lengthwis 1. PoDOPHYLLUM. Anthers opening by valves “hinged at the top. Leaf- oe Hur apres n sed. Flo solitar e fruit a capsule 2. JEFFERSONIA, | Blowers” several, Suo. stamens 6: frui t baccate. 3. DIPHYLLEIA. | Leaf-blades ternately compound: seed naked, drupe-like, 4. CAULOPHYLLUM. 1. PODOPHYLLUM L. Glabrous herbs, with elongate rootstocks. Leaves solitary, or 2 at the top of the oe UMS stem: blades peltate, many- lobed. Flower solitary, nodding. Sepals 6 fugaceo Petals 6-9. Stamens 12- 18. Berry s nodding.—About 4 species, the followin in Asia 1. P. peltatum L. Plants 2-4 dm. Den leaf-blades irr Nm 1-3 dm. in dia eter, 7-9-lobed: pedicel 2-4 em. vm Pee cially in woods, various provinces, Fla. Tex., Minn., and Que.—Spr. The SE is used in Medus. The fruit is edible. JEFFERSONIA Bart. Small herbs, with short rootstocks. Leaves cae blades 2-parted. Flower solitary, erect at the end of the scape. Sepals 4, deciduous. Petals 8. Stamens 8: anthers p longer than the filaments. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule opening by a lid.—About 2 species, the following and 1 in Asia. 1. J. diphylla (L.) Pers. Plants 1-3.5 me : S white, 1.5-2 cm. long, mostly elliptie- lanceolate or uri di capsule erect, obovoid or obco —2 em. long: see a dios . lon m m. EAF. RHEUMATIS o7.) —Rich woods, pu in ealeareous soil, oe P M N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Wis. Ont. N. Y., and Md.—Spr. 3. DIPHYLLEIA Michx. Large herbs, with stout rootstocks. Leave mostly 1 or 2 on the flowering stem: blades laterally peltate, deeply lo p sn Flowers eymose. Sepals 6, deciduous. Pet als 6. Stamens 6: anthers longer than the filaments. Stigma umbilieate. Berr oblique, ereet.— Two species, the following and 1 in Japan. osa Michx. o, 4 12 e 1. D tall: leaf- blades suborbicula dm diameter, 2-cle E nd m E roe 6, white, 8-10 m ong: ela sr eared 10- s mm. in diame: aun about 5 ong.— PIXIE-PARASO BRELLA-LEAF. 2) — ee eed Blue Ridge, Ga. to Va.—Spr BERBERIDACEAE 545 4 CAULOPHYLLUM Michx. Large herbs, with thick rootstocks. Leaf high up on the flowering stem, ternately compound. Flowers in a raceme- like cyme. Sepals 6, accompanied by 3 or 4 bractlets. Petals 6, gland-like, dilated. Stamens 6: anthers shorter than the fila- ments. Fruit ereet.— Two species, the fol- lowing and one in Asia. 1. C. thalictroides (L.) Miehx. Plants 3-9 s E: all: leaflets 2-3-lobed at the ali 1 long: m. lon 4—10 panicle 4-10 pals pue or purplish, 3-6 mm. 1 ng: petals about m. long: seed about 1 em in diameter.—(BLUE-COHOSH E-GIN- ENG. GREEN-VIVIAN. PAPPOOSE-ROOT.)— Rich woods, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, S. C. to Nebr., Minn., and N. B.—spr. —The exserted seed. is likely to be mistaken for a drupe. The plant is medicinal. Famity 10. BERBERIDACEAE — BansERRY FAMILY rubs or small trees, sometimes spiny. Leaves alternate: blades com- pound, sometimes 1-foliolate. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 6-9 sepals usually accompanied by bractlets. Corolla of 6-9 petals usually smaller than the inner sepals. oe of 6 irritable stamens, the anthers opening by valves. Gynoecium of a single earpel. Stigma orbicular. Fruit a berry.—Two genera ad about 100 species, widely distribut ed. i. BERBERIS L. Shrubs with lax branches. Leaves of branches transformed into spines, those of the branchlets with oi l petals. Petals 6-9, with basal glands. Berry red.—About 80 species, American and Eurasian B. canadensis Pursh. A shrub 3-20 1. dm. tall: leaflets mostly 3-6 cm. long, the blades mainly spatulate, sometimes mee tulat y-s : S rarely oval, rae m. long: ealyx 8-11 m erid ? he inner sepals 3—4 mm. long: pet el low, mai 5—3.5 mm. long: berry scarlet, —7 mm. long.—(BARBERR a E Y- BARBERRY. CLIFF-BARBERRY.)—Rocky. woods and cliffs, various d s ces x of Coastal Plain, Ga. to W. Va., also Mo.; not in pae Spr.—The berries are edible.—5. NL T DC. A native of üch-branched spiny shrub to 15 dm. tall with obovate or Japan y up pers aaa leaf-blades, numerous yellow flowers, and bright red, ellipsoid or subglobose persistent berries, is naturalized in the mountains of N. C. | 546 PAPAVERACEAE ORDER PAPAVERALES — PaAPAvERAL ORDER Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves with entire, toothed, dissected, or compound blades. Flowers perfect. Calyx of distinct or nearly dis- tinet sepals. Corolla of distinct or nearly distinct petals, or wanting. Androecium of few or many hypogynous stamens. Gynoecium of 2-sev- eral united carpels. Ovary superior. Fruit capsular or baccate. Sepals 2, or very rarely 3 or 4: e pres sent. Flower regular: stamens 8 or numerous : juice usually milky or colored. Fam.1. PAPAVERACEAE. Flower irregu : mens 6: juice usually watery. Fam.2. FUMARIACEAE. Sepals 4-8 : endosperm wantin Capsule 2-celled : stamens 6, tetradynamous. Fam. 3. BRASSICACEAE. oe 1- celled : stamens when 6 not tetradynamous. Gynoecium 2-carpellary : leaves with simp r pal- "nadie compound blades Fam.4. CAPPARIDACEAE. Gynoecium 3-carpellary : PETS with pinnately com- pound blades. Fam. 5. MORINGACEAE. FaAMxiLyY 1. PAPAVERACEAE — Poppy FAMILY Herbs or rarely woody plants, the sap colored. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers perfect, regular. (e ou Gynoecium 2-several-earpellary. Fruit a capsule or a silique.—About 23 genera and 115 species, most abundant in the north temperate zone. wor acum petals 8-12, not crumpled in the bud: stigmas over the valves of the capsu 1. SANGUINARIA. saue od "hers: petals 4-6, mostly crumpled: stigmas over the Capsule. Snlicüme to [ue base. ule pubescen 2. STYLOPHORUM. eue ule glabro a 3. CHELIDONIUM. Capsule dehiscent at the top or only to the middle. xi rown-like or disk-like: capsule opening by tooth- like “hds u the stigma: leaf-blades 4. PAPAVER. Bm. 4. 6-lobed : capsule 4-6-valved: leaf-blades spiny- toothed. 5. ARGEMONE. 1. SANGUINARIA [Dill.] L. Perennial herbs with red rootstocks. Leaves basal: blades palmately lobed. oe solitary. Sepals 2, glabrous. etals 8-12, narrow, white. Gynoecium carpellary, glabrous.—One species. canadensis L. Plant 8-30 em. tall, ine, 6-25 em : nally over-topped by the leaves: petals elliptic or de broader, 2-3 em. d capsule fusiform, 3-5 em. long.— OD- RED-PUCCOON.)—Rieh woods, various - half-dozen here recognized have been described. How ever, the characters of the rootstocks, the PAPAVERACEAE 547 and the flower used to distinguish them do not seem to be constant indices the group 2. STYLOPHORUM Nutt. Perennial herbs, with orange-yellow roots. Leaves cauline: blades pinnately lobed or dissected. Flowers usually few or several. Sepals 2, pubese cent. Petals 4 Tr dese pce Stigma erown-like, Cap- sule Seed species, p» following and 3 in Asi 1. S. diphyllum (Miehx.) Nutt. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades 2-pin- segmen : natifd, the roadened upward; petals deep-yellow, obovate, 1-1.5 em. long e d or oval, about 2.5 em. long —( CELANDINE-POPP MOoCK-POPPY. 00 Y. P POPPY. YELLOW-POPPY.)—Woods, often in calcareous a various provinces, N of Blue Ridge, Tenn. to Mo., Wis., and W Pa.—Spr. 3. CHELIDONIUM [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial herbs. Leaves cauline: blades pinnately dissected. Flowers numerous. Sepals 2. Petals 4, broad, but longer than wide, yellow. Gynoe- eium slender, 2-earpellary. Stigmas 2. Cap- sule ia species. 1. C. S L. Plants 2-7 dm. tall: leaf- blades 13 ps long, the segments ig nds or teeth: petals Pu pi 8—13 m eapsule slender, 3-5 em. long.—(CEL NE ROCK-POPPY. und. WORT. )- Roads! ides n various provinces in N, G Ont M at. of Eu.—Spr.—Celandine, like hoarhound, catnep, and similar he ep, rbs, was brought to this country by early settlers from Europe. Being a popular remedy various external and internal body-disorders it early became naturalized about dwellings over a large area. It has active medicinal properties | 4. PAPAVER [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves sometimes mainly basal: blades mostly pinnately lobed. Flowers few or solitary, the buds drooping. Sepals 2, or rarely 3. Petals 4, or rarely 6, broad. Gynoecium several-carpellary, the ovary with 4—20 septiform placentae. Stigma crown-like disk-like. Capsule long, short, or en —About 45 species, all, except 4 or 5, natives of the Old World.—PoPP Plant Be ele leaf-blades lobed, clasping at the base: capsule subglobose or de de- press er pu p s mostly hirsute: leaf-blades pinnately divided, narrowed at the base: capsule elongate, or longer than thick. 2. P. dubium. niferum L. Plant 3-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades 6-20 dm. long, the lobes footed: sepals So petals ‘white to purple, 2.5-5 em. long: fila- 548 PAPAVERACEAE ments clavate: A subglobose or de- OP pressed, fan 9 em. long.— (OPIUM-POPPY. GARDEN-POPPY. )—Fie d and esta -places, Due ded ae Fla. to La., Tenn., and S Nat. of Eu.—Sum — The capsule pro- faces opium e its derivatives P. dubium L. Plant 2-7 dm. tall: leaf- divisions entire, or spa aringly toothed or. in- cised: sepals hirsute: petals ed 2.0—93.0 em. long: filaments filiform: eapsule 1.5-2 N EYE HEADACHE-POPPY. ONG-POD POPPY.)— Fields, roadsides, and waste-places, o provinces N Coa stal Plain, 2: S to at. of Eu .—Spr.— 4. ARGEMONE L. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaves cauline: blades incised-pinnatifid. Flowers few, the buds erect. Sepals 2 or 3, hooded or horned. Petals 4 or 6, broad. Gynoecium 4~6-carpellary, the ovary with 4-6 nerviform placentae. Stigma 4-6- lobed. icd stout.--About 10 species, Ameriean.—PRICKLY-POPPIES. 'THORN-APPLES Inflorescence and capsule spine- armed. Corolla yellow : leaf-blades blotched. 1. Corolla white: leaf-blades m. o enen or sometimes slightly so. 2. Inflorescence and capsule spinele 3. A. I Io oE A. mexicana. A. alba. A. mexicana L. Plant glaucous, 3-9 dm. tall, more or less spiny: leaves T 25 em. long; blades runcinate-pinnatifid, blotched, spiny-toothed and com- monly spiny along the midrib, sessile and clasping: flowers sessile or nearly so: sepals 0 dde waste- "places and cd various Pid inees, Fla, to Tex., Tenn., Pa., and M Sum.—fall or roli year S alba Lestib. Plant pale or somewhat 3 m. glaucous, spine-armed: stems stout, 3-5 d tall, diffuse: le -15 em. long des pinnately lobed or pinnatifid, some- time D along t , the rib ; ; e ine 1-1.5 mm. 1 white, 7—10 cm. broad: capsule oval or dne 2.5—4 em. ong.—(CAR wa- POPPY.)—Roadsides, waste-places, and cult. grounds, various pu imi. Fla. Tex., Mo., and S. C.—Spr.-sum. or all year S. 3. A. leiocarpa Greene. Plant ee those of A. mexicana, but more glaucous, devoid of spines, except o e margins of the leaf-blades, which are rather more copiously spinescent: ae une petals yellow, 3-4 em. long: capeule smooth and glabrous, 3—4 cm. long—Hammocks and cult. grounds, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—All year. FUMARIACEAE | 549 Famity 2. FUMARIACEAE — FUMITORY FAMILY Herbs, s vines, the sap colorless. Leaves alternate: blades dis- sected. Flowers perfect, irregular. Calyx of 2 scale-like (oss Corolla of 4 petals, som ei persistent, the outer with spreading tips a both of them saccate or spurred at the base, the inner 2 smaller, puppe at the tip and enclosing the stigma. Androecium of 6 diadelphous sta- mens, the middle anther of each group 2-celled, the lateral ones 1- celled. Gynoecium 2-carpe Fruit a silique, a capsule, or a nutlet.—Five v ary. genera and 170 species, natives of the feat SELBEN zone and Africa Bon of the two outer petals spurred at the bas Petals per HORDE united and ERE the cuales seed crest- less: vin 1. ADLUMIA. e Lightly united, deciduous: seed mostly crested: acaules- 2. BICUCULLA. One of p x po petals spurred at the base Ovules several = many: fruit an elongate capsule: seed with erests or ari 3. CAPNOIDES. Ovule solitary: "fruit a globose nutlet: seed crestless. 4. FUMARIA 1. ADLUMIA Raf. Biennial or perennial tender vines. Leaf-blades with broad segments. Flowers mostly in panicle-like cymes, white or pink. Sepals 2, toothed. Stamens 6, monadelphous below, the 3 filaments of each group united to near the anthers. Capsule included.—One species . 1. A. fungosa (Ait.) Greene. Leaf- blades deeompound, the ultimate divisions i Rn Or olla 15-18 m capsule slender, 1.5-2 e g. [4 sa Raf.]—(ALLEGHENY-VINE. CLIMBING-FUM T AIRY-CREEPER. | MOUNTAIN-FRINGE CLIFF-HARLEQUIN.) —Ric ds and stream QUIN. h woo banks, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, N. C. ‘to Tenn., Wis., and N. B.—Sum.—fall. 2. BICUCULLA Adans. Perennial herbs, with granular or tuberous root- stocks. Leaf-blades with narrow ped Flowers in racemes or panicles, mostly white to deep-pink. Sepals 2, Stamens 6, somewhat diadel- phous at the base. Capsule not include ^ poses Pd iene 16 species, No rth American and Asiatic -—Stagger-weeds. Inflorescence a simple raceme: corolla not deep-pink, deciduous. I. CUCULLARIAE, Inflorescence a thyrsoid panicle: corolla, deep-pink, marcescent. II. EXIM L CUCULLARIAE Rootstocks bearing yellow tubers see petals with rounded sacs: inner-petals CHODIRHO TED | cre 1. B. canadensis. Rootstocks without tubers: eid a with spreading spurs: inner r petals TRANNE creste 2. B. Cucullaria. II. EXIMIA Leaves and stem arising from stout fleshy rco 3. B. eximia. 900 FUMARIACEAE B. oppi d Millsp. Plant 2-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades Ee nto lin rly linear segments, p s gray on the under side: corolla pet entree E "purplish tinged, the spur much shorter he upper portion of the petals: Neon ed 11-15 mm. long, 20 narrowed at both ends. [D. cana- Moi E (SQUIRREL-CORN. TURKEY- N.)—HRich woods, D e N of Coastal Plain, N. C. o Mo., Minn., and N. S.—Spr. 2. B. Cucullaria (L.) Millsp. Plant 1-3 m. tall: leaf-blades similar to those of B. is but greenish canadens eenish-gray o side: corolla white or pale-pink, the spurs bout ] as the other portion of the petals: eapsule-body 10 long, grad- ually narrowed at both ends. [D. Cucul- laria DC.] — (BUTTERFLY-BANNER. PEARL-HARLEQUIN. EAR-DROPS. KITTEN- BREECHES. Nu E S-BREECHES. LITTLE-STAGGERWEED. SOLDIER’S-CAP. WHITE-HEARTS.)—Rich woods, et Ridge i dec provinces in the various uda in the N, Ga. to Nebr., Min d Ont.—Spr.—After lowering the foliage soon yellows, and the plants pee ud by mid-summer 3. B. eximia (Ker) Millsp. Plants 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades with the ulti- mate Bod oblong or ovate: eorolla deep-pink, the outer petals with rounded spurs at the base: eapsule-body 16-21 mm. long, long-beaked. [D. eximia DC.] —(BLEEDING-HEART. FRINGED BLEEDING-HEART. STAGGERWEED. TURKEY-CORN. and Appala chian provinces, Ga. to W N. Y.—Spr.- This species is much used in rock gardens, its jos flowering season making it Vai desirable. . 8. CAPNOIDES Adans. Annual or biennial caulescent herbs. Leaf- blades with toothed segments. Flowers racemose, yellow, pink or white. epals 2, usually toothed. Stamens 6, diade elphous. Ovary elongate, several- ovüled: style persistent. Capsule often torulose. [Corydalis Vent.]—About 110 species, natives of the in ee zone 2a ue Spe, — SCRAMBLED- WILD-FUMEROOTS. ROK Į emit a pungent dh odor. Corolla pink or purple, except the yellow tip: plant erect. I. SEMPERVIRENTES. Corolla yellow : plant diffuse. . AUREA. bd pd MPERVIRENTES I. SE a P d -green : flower with a short rounded spur: capsule 1. C. sempervirens. II. AunEA Corolla less than 12 mm. long. Capsule. ascending : seed with blunt margins. |. 2, C. micranthum. a drooping or spreading: seed with acute winged ins. 3. C. flavulum. Corolla pum 12 mm. long. Hood or sae of t the outer petals with a wing-like crest. 4. C. Halei. Hood or sac of the outer petals merely keeled. 5. C. aureum. 1. C. sempervirens (L.) Borck. Plant 3-12 dm. tall, the branches ascend- ing: leaf-segments obovate to cuneate: corolla 14-16 mm. long, the spur BRASSICACEAE 551 rounded, the inner petals about 15 mm. long, the blade about 15 as long as the claw: capsule 3-4 cm. long.—(PINK-CORY- PALE-CORYDALIS. ROCK-FUMEROOT. ROKE-HARLEQUIN. )—Rocky places and open woods, often in rather acid ee a pon »i of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Min B. C. and N. S. , Ont., C. anthum (Engelm.) Britton. Plant 1- 3 ps tall, the branches spreading: leaf-blades finely divided: corolla pale- yellow, 9-10 mm. long, the smaller outer petals with a minute crest: capsule 1-2 em. long, s cd torulose. [C. micrantha A. Gray] — (SLENDER- muU. ; various jim rre Fla. to Mo., Minn., and Va. 3. C. flavulum (Raf.) Kuntze. Plant 1—5 dm. tall, s branches spreading, vd M edad narrow, acute: corolla yellow, 10-11.5 mm. long, ae smaller ses als P PA crested: ed 1.5-2.5 em. long, somewhat torulos TC. flavula DC.]—-(YELLOW-FUMEROOT. YELLOW- 1 )-— Rich soil, ae cially in rocky woods, various porte. La. to Kans., Minn., Ont., N. Pm and Va. 4. C. Halei Small Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the branches spreading or i. ing: leaf-blades with rather broad se gments: corolla yellow, 14-16 mm. long, the spur somewhat m ale the tip, the smaller outer petals with a pd crest: capsule 2—2.5 em. Dry soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. TA 5. C. aureum (Willd.) Kuntze. Plant 1.5-3 dm. tall, the branches some- times decumbent: leaf-segments mostly elliptic: a golden-yellow, 12-14 mm. long, the spur somewhat iA slightly curved, the smaller outer petals with a toothed crest: capsule 1-2 em. long, slender — (GOLDEN- aes OOT.) — and banks, often in Pla eode soil, various mone N of Coastal Plain, "Tenn. to Tex., Ariz. Alas., Ont., N. S., and W. : MARIA [Tourn.] L. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades with small seg- ments. Flowers racemose, white or pink. Sepals 2, scale-like. Stamens 6, diadelphous. Ovary scarcely longer than thick, 1-ovuled: style deciduous. Nutlet globular.—About 40 species, natives of the ' Old World. F. officinalis L. Stem and branches 2-10 racemes 2-1 s 2-4 mm. long: corolla purplish or a colored, and crimson at the tip, 6-8 long: nutlet 2-2.5 mm. in diameter, nua A at the apex.— (HARTH-SMOKE. UMITORY. FUME- ME-WEED. FUME-WORT. s and roadsides, various provinces Tex., Tenn., N. Y., and N. S. Nat. era FAMILY 3. BRASSICACEAE — MUSTARD FAMILY Her bs or partially woody plants, the sap watery. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or dissected. Flowers perfect, in spikes or racemes. 552 BRASSICACEAE Calyx of 4 m erect or appressed sepals. Corolla of 4 usually clawed petals, or wanting. cium 6 stamens with 1 pair shorter than the others, or rarely of 2 or 4 stamens. Gynoeci of 2 united carpels tigma depressed or 2-lobed. Fruit capsular, elongate (silique) or short ] r (siliele), flat, terete, or angled.—About 200 genera and 1,800 species, of wide geographie distribution; many are cultivated, some are weeds. Pod Ou dehiscent or indehiscent, not transversely jointed. not stipitate. od flattened or compressed contrary to the nar- row partition Tribe I. LEPIDIEAE. Pod n compressed nor flattened contrary to e parti ion. Pod terete or prism Length of pod m p twice its width. "Se ds eere plants dd with mostly branched hair Pods globular, the valves nerve- less: cotyledons accumbent. Tribe II. PHYSARIEAE. Pods pyriform, the valves 1- nerved : cotyledons ee Tribe III. CAMELINEAE. tu lan simple hairs or Tla rous. - Tribe IV. COCHLEARIEAE. 0 idt Pod pod tipped wi ith the short st Pod terete or nearly s See a. n 2 rows in peck cavity. Tribe IV. COCHLEARIEAE. See n 1 row in E cavity. Tribe | V. ERYSIMEAE. Pod 4- Sided or 4-angle ribe WI. BARBAREAE. markedly beaked. Tribe VII. BRASSICEAE. Pod flattened or compressed parallel to the broad partition. Tribe VIII. ARABIDEAE. Pod stipitate. Tribe IX. WAREAE. Pod transversely 2-jointed, the joints indehiscent. Tribe X. CAKILEAE. I. LEPIDIEAE Pods didymous, separating from the ea een as 2 plump nutlets. 1. CARARA. Pods flat, regularly dehiscent, many-seeded. ' Pods cuneate, wingless, 1-several-seeded. 2. BURSA. ods Ve cular to elliptic or obovate, wing- -margined at ast at the apex. Seeds solitary in each cavity of the pod. 3. LEPIDIUM. Seeds several in each cavity of the — 3a. THLASPI. II. PH Stellate-pubescent herbs with mostly yellow pm and in- flated pods. 4. LESQUERELLA. III. CAMELINEAE Erect herbs with yellowish flowers and obovoid or pyssorm turgid pods. 5. CAMELINA. IV. COCHLEARIEAE Pod less than twice as long as wide. Corolla yellow. 6. RADICULA. Corolla white. Plant with a long pungent tap-root: stamens with Short filaments and Ed id anthers appendaged at the tip: style very s 1. ARMORACIA. Plant with elongate Sota o cess stamens with slender EE nts and sagittate unappendaged Bes: sty le slender 8. NEOBECKIA. Pod over twice as long as wide. . Corolla yellow : leaf-blades toothed or pinnatifid. 6. RADICULA. Corolla white: leaf-blades pinnately divided. 9. SISYMBRIUM. V. ERYSIMEAE Leaf-blades pinnatifid or se toothe An a A pod ure and tapering to the apex, ap- ra to the Outer sepals not Horned: corolla yellow or white. 10. ERYSIMUM. uter sepals horned: corolla mo or purple. 11. IODANTHUS. Anthers ellipsoid-sagittate : pod very slender but not taper- ing to the apex, widely spreadi ine 12. NORTA. BRASSICACEAE ee entire or slightly toothed. Leaf-blades cordate-clasping: corolla yellowish. 13. Leaf-blades not clasping: corolla purple or white. 14. VI. BARBAREAE Corolla whit 15. Corolla E ee S We flat: leaf-blades pinnatifid. 16. Seed plump: leaf-blades entire or toothed. 17. VII. BRASSICEAE Pod dehiscent. Pod-beak conic, terete, the Peo dq bd Pod terete: seeds in one row pee 18. Pod flattened : seeds in two es we 2 ity. 19. Pod-beak flat, 2- edged, the pod- iid FoBHVels short. Pod- valves 3-nerved ; beak long. 20. Pod-valves 1-nerved ; beak short. 2 Pod indehiscent: spongy between the seeds. 21. VIII. ARABIDEAE Pod suborbicular or ovoid. 23. Pod E. to narrowly linear. Val of the pod nerveless. Se us wingless. Seeds in 2 rows in each cav ud 24. Seeds in 1 row in each ca -4 leaf dibe bracts subtending as with alternate leaves : cotyledons Seeds winged. ve of the pod nerved. eaf-blades Enc or merely too d 5 Pod oval, elliptic to broadly lin 24. Pod narrowly line pd to linsar-filiform. 28. Leaf-blades finely dissected. . 29. IX. WAREAE Slender herbs with entire leaf-blades and elongate pods. 30. X. CAK Fleshy seaside, dune, or hammock Banc with toothed or pinnatifid leaf- blades. 31. Leaf-blades entire to Corolla greenish or whitish. Annual or biennial herbs. Sepals 4, spreading. 1. CARARA Medic. pinnatifid. Racemes lateral. Petals 4, broad or narrow, without distinct claws, or abortive. 2 or 4: anthers didymous. Ovule and seed 1 in each carpel. jd or tubereulate valves. ributed in warm regions. —WART SSES. SWINE E Ovary smooth : eapsule reticulate, notched. Ovary tuberculate: capsule tuberculate-wrinkled, not notched. CONRINGIA. HESPERIS. ARABIDOPSIS. CAMPE. CHEIRINIA. BRAS DIOS m SINAPIS. : RAPHANUS. R KONIGA. DRABA. . DENTARIA. CARDAMINE. 21. LEAVENWORTHIA. DRABA. ARABIS. SOPHIA. WAREA. CAKILE. Stamens often d with crested, dii iiid. Poir.|—About 6 species, widely dis- CRES 1. C. didyma. 2. C. Coronopus. 1. C. ang ba (L.) Britton. Branches ascending or i lower 3-10 em. long; blades 1—2-pinnatifid: sepals 0.6- 0.8 m cen the sepals or shanty bu in pod didy- m. wide, hed above and piss Eo pinnatifiãa DC.]—Waste VA various provinces, Fla. to ier oe Mo., and Newf.—Nat. se Eu 1— Spr.- 2. C. Coronopus (Qa) Medie. yu bs id rM eo ; : petals much sepals: pod not didymous, 3.5-4 mm. wide, apieulate.—Waste places, various pr ov inces, te p? Tex, and N. B also on Paeif. coast. Eu.—Spr.- . long: petals cone: 554 BRASSICACEAE . BURSA Weber. Annual erect herbs. Leaves sometimes mainly basal: blades entire to pinnatifid. Raceme terminal. Sepals 4, spreading. etals 4 ch longer than the sepals. —Four species, in the Northern Hemisphere. Some appear to be unstable and develop mutants. B. Bursa-pastoris d Britton. Stem m. tall: basal leaves 3-15 em. long; ce E- £u ct es of ste base; Pas 10-15 mm. long: sepals T m reas petals dd spatulate, 2 Y 3 . lon pod 5-8 ng.— PER. almost throughout N. A. Nat. of Eu. — Spr .fall—Plants grown from Pn purs s at T Ala., have been bue d as B. tuscaloosae Shull. rom plants of B. Bur ursa-pastoris in the bae T curved and rather blunt leaf-lobes — Known only from the original statio | .$. LEPIDIUM [Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire to sine Racemes yn Sepals 4, spreading. Petals 4, longer than the sepals or wanting. s usually fewer than 6. ame Ovule, and seed, 1 in each earpel. Pod ER to oblong.—About 65 speeies of wide duis .—Spr.-sum.—PEPPER-GRASSES. PEPPER-CRESSES. CHURL’S-CRESSES. Blades of the cauline leaves sagittate-clasping : pod winged. 1. L. campestre. Bl acen ny cauline leaves tapering at the base: pod wingless, Cotyl Eden accumbent. Cotyledons incumbent. Pod wingless and marginless : plant strong-scented. 3. L.ruderale. Pod be ee or Margined at the apex: plant not strong- ent 2. L. virginicum. 4. L. densiflorum. id. pep dala Eve. R. Br. Plan dm. tall, softly fine-pubescent blades of the lower leaves spatulate b EM those of the upper ice sagittate, oo shallo wly toothed: pedi- 0 mm. p ov long, Et Shoe the base, minutely pubes- nt. —(COW-CRESS. dem D-CRESS.)— Was D. rarely Coastal Plain, N. C. to Kans Ont and N. B.; also on Pacif. coast. 2. x virginicum L. Annual or biennial, more or less puberulent: ed zr 9 dm. ta 1 ceo ,t incised, the terminal one much longer than . BRASSICACEAE 555 the others: stem-leaves narrow, erect or ascending; blades sharply pad or incised: pedicels finally spreading, 3-4 mm. long: sepals elliptic, about 1 m o b i g suborbicular, d mm. 2 , margined above, notched at the apex.—( FIELD- R —Wa ESS. POOR-MAN'S PEPP YELLOW-SEED.)—W aste pn fields, and ed 2 various | provinces s Fla. to Tex. Minn, and Que —(F. T3 d W.)—Spr.-fall 3. ruderale Annual, bu cR uode] scented: stem mostly 1-3 dm. tall, commonly did at the base, glabrous or nearly so: leaves r rather numerous, e basal with n tifid blades, ue arly wither! ing: cauline leaves more us blades narrower, mostly —3 em. pus entire or few- Rodi. racemes ultimately open aes numerous pedicels very slender, glabr ur or minutely pavesee d 2-3 mm. lon etals wanting or minute: pod oval, 2.5-3 mm. long, ng: smooth and a. ien and mpl Em Roads ides and waste-places, about seaports, Tex. to Fla. and N.S. Nat. of Eu.—Sum 4. L. densiflorum Schrad. Annual, finely pubescent or puberulent, odorless: stem 2—7 dm. tall, more or less br anched: basal leaves and sometimes the lower sane with pinnatifid Scu S, due or sparingly pube and E his- pidulous: upper stem-leaves narrow ised or toothed, erect or ending: P edicels eco ng 2-3 m dono udin g or curving out, ge ng ne fruiting raceme much thicker n the top: petals rudime nta ary or ing: po doomed about 2.5 mm. broad, glabrous, notehed at the one wing- Peu pex.—Dr D - oil and waste- places, various provinces, Tex. to B. C., Me., and N. C.—Spr fall. a. THLASPI [ Tourn. L. Annual or perennial erect or depressed caules- cent herbs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed, those of the upper leaves aurieulate- elasping. Racemes inconspicuously bracted or bractless, elongating. Sepals rather broad. Petals white or daa longer than the sepals, equal or nearly Fila- ments stout: anthers short. Pods priis obovate or cuneate, winged, notched at the apex 1. L. Annual, 1-5 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the lower cauline leaves | spatulate e, those of the upper eauline leaves sagittate, 1.5-5 à ur iN sepal ong or oblong-ovate, a, 2.5-3 mm. long: pods sub- orbicular to oe 1-1.5 em. broad, broadly winged.—(FIEL PENN YCRESS. EN ED.) — Waste-places, roadsides, and fields, various provinces, N. C. to Ark. Kn. Man., and Que. Nat. of Eurasia.—Spr.-sum. 4. LESQUERELLA S. Wats. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf- blades entire, undulate, or pinnatifid. Raceme simple or sometimes branched. Sepals 4, usually pubescent like the leaves. Petals 4, of a spatulate type, often broadly so, yellow (or rarely white or purplish). Stamens 6: filaments slender throughout or enlarged or winged near the base: anthers oblong or sagittate Style les few. Pod globular oblong or ovoid, rare d slende Ovules : glo Seed oea margined —About 35 species, American.—$Spr.—BLADDER-PODS. 000 BRASSICACEAE Filaments winged at the base: pods flat, ovoid: leaf-blades auricu- late-clasping. Filaments slightly enlarged at the base: pods globular: leaf-blades neither aurieulate nor clasping. 1. L. Lescurii. . L. globosa. L. Lescurii Ss Gray) S. Wats. Branches loosely stellate-pubescent, 1-3 dm. long: 1 leaves 1—4 cm. long; blades elliptic-oval to elliptic-ovate, repand- den sepals becoming 3-3.5 mm. long: ss EA ate, 4-6 mm. long: ovary long- De , flat: ' po od ov mu. 5-6.5 mm. long, rsely pubescent. — Gla ides and fields, Tiere Low Plateaus, near Nashville, Tenn. L. globosa (Desv.) S. Wats. Branches "eG ae closely hoary with stellate hairs, abo pubescent.—River bluffs and rocky banks, Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn. to Ky. CAMELINA Crantz. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed, or TT at the base of the stem, sometimes clasping. Racem e Sepals 4, rather broad. Petals 4, narrow, yellowish or greenish. Stamens 6: anthers ovoid. Style columnar. Ovules few or many. Pod is ou margine, eed marginless.—About 5 species, Eurasian.—Spr.—F'ALSE-FLAX REL SES pubescent: pod rounded at the apex, 4-5 m 16. Stem glabrous or nearly so: pod truncate or notched at the apex, 6-8 mm. wide. 1. C. microcarpa. 2. C. sativa. C. microcarpa Andrz. Plants pubescent, at least below, 5-8 dm. tall: blades of the upper cauline leaves lanceolate, 1.5—7 em. long, sagittate- -aur To at i base: pod narrowly obovoid, e wide: seed fully mm. long.— Fields. and es -plaees, various prov- inces, N. C. to Ariz., B. C. and Ont. Nat. of Eu.—All the Ee of Camelina are much alike in habit. Species additional to those de- seribed here, are to be expected in bed N. A. 2. C. sativa (L.) Crantz. Plants r or nearly so, 3—9 dm. tall: leaves nearly si a arious provinces, N. C. and Tenn. to S Can. "Nat. of Eu. . RADICULA [Dil.] Hill Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf- m— toothed, lobed, or dissected. Raceme often branched. Sepals 4, broad or narrow. Petals 4, yellow, often scarcely longer than the sepals. Stamens BRASSICACEAE 557 1-6: anthers ovoid to globose. Style very short. Pod short or elongate. Seed turgid. [Nasturtium R. Br.]—About 50 species, widely distributed.—WATER- CRESSES. MARSH-CRESS Annual or biennial plants with or roots. I. PALUSTRES. Po elongate, linear-filifor II. HETEROPHYLLAE. Perennial plants with c Da ‘or horizontal rootstocks. III. SYLVESTRES. Pedicel short, much less than half thé length of the pod. Leaf-blades bipinnatifid: style 1-2 mm. long: pod narrowly - elliptic, curve Leaf-blades 1- -pinnatifid : style almost wanting: pod broadly elliptic, straigh 2. R. sessiliflora. Pedicel rather fone half the rica of the pod or more. Pod ellipso abro 1. R. Walteri. id: stem gla 3. R. palustris. d oval, ovoid, or ipeloboces stem hirsute. 4. R. hispida. II. IIETEROPHYLL Bu diffuse, the leaves usually B : Jarge ena lobe: flow- with inconspicuous white co 5. R. heterophylla. III. SYLVEST Plant with rather large yellow corollas and eh narrow slender pedicelled pods. 6. HR. sylvestris. 1. R. Walteri (EIL) Small. Stem often diffusely branched, 1-4 dm. tall: cauline leaves 2-10 em. long; blades NE the segments irregular: ‘petals slightly longer fan: the sepals: pod Tong beaked. [N. tanacetifolium (Chapm. F1.)] —Low grounds, fields, and ditches, Coastal Plain and rarely adi. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and S. C.—(Afez.) —Spr. 2. R. sessiliflora (Nutt.) A. Hitche. Stem cauline leaves 3-15 obed o pinnatifid: petals sepals: pod short-bea wet banks, various terc d Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Ia., and D. C.—Spr.-sum 3. R. palustris E e Stem glabrous or minutely pube , 2-10 dm. tall: leaf- blades oblanceolate an elliptie Or ted “elliptic, p = toothed or repand abov long: ovary elliptic: pod 5-8 m ong.— (MARSH-CRESS. die cin ees Tod grounds and meadows, various To Fla. to Tex., Ariz., Alas., Ont., and N. B. Apparently nat. of Eu.—Spr.-su 4. R. hispida (Desv.) Heller. Stem hirsute or hispid, 3—12 dm. DE leaf- pus ped v ae pe or rarely only toothed, 2—18 cem. long: glo : po od 2 -3 m ng.—Sandy soil, S along rd various iud n N. C. to Tex., Calif and S Can.—Sum R. he dadas a (Blume) Small. e diffusely b eres the ne oe rous or nearly so: cauline leaves 3-11 em. long; bla r ovate-lanceolate in nee m accu e d lo bed o i flowers inconspieu ous: sepals 2-2.5 mm. long: petals about as long as the sepals or wanting: pod linear-filiform, 1.5 -2.5 em. long, stiffly ascending or spreading, straight ao oe and ditches, Coastal Plain, S Miss. and S La. Nat. of Asia.—Wint 558 BRASSICACEAE 6. R. sylvestris (L.) Druee. Stem ascending or decumbent, 2-7 dm. long: leaf- blades often ovate or elliptic, 4-15 em. long, pesa divi ided, the segments . lon distant, entire or toothed: sepals becoming 2 ng: filaments searcely pads than the ip pod slender, 8—15 m 2 short-beaked.—( YELLOW- $.)— ground along streams and ante laces various provinces, rarely —Wet Coastal Plain, Ala. to La., Ill, Ont., Newf., and Va. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-sum 7. ARMORACIA Gaertn. Perennial erect herbs with long, pungent roots. Leaf-blades coarsely toothed or sometimes a nnatifid. Raceme stiff, with slender pedicels. Sepals rather broad. Petals w m oid. ary columnar: stigma capitate. Pod short and stout.—About 4 species, Eurasian. A. Armoracia (L.) Britton. Stem erect: leaf-blades var ious, those of the basal pass 0 em. long, gularly erenate, unequally cor- date or truncat the Aoi of the eauline leaves smaller arsely and re toothed pa ineised: i: white, obovate, 6-8 ong: pod 5-7 mm. long, straight. [Roripa- Armoracia (L.) = So BE zZ | — (FETID : MOUNTAIN-CURRANT.)—Deep woods, Blue Ridge and more N provinces, N. C. to Colo., Sask., Mich., and Lab. R. osum Pursh, described in the first edition of Flora of the South- ning United States, from specimens supposed to have been collected in the mountains of North Carolina i Fraser, seems to be Ribes orientale Desf. of Asia. 2. GROSSULARIA Mil. Shrubs with irregular arching or recurved stems and branches, and with noda l apa Leaf-bla des palmately veined. Flowers in drooping racemes or pan ost on stalks whieh are jointed near the base. Petals white or dors Hn e. Berry not disarticulating from the stalk.—About 60 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—Spr.— fruits are sometimes used for preserves.—GOOSEBERRIES. Sepals longer than the free part of the hypanthium: stamens exserted. nd smooth and glabrous: petals not tubular. I. ROTUNDIFOLIAE. erry echinate, the spines gland-tipped : petals tubular. II, ECHINELLAE. Sepals shorter than the free part of the hypanthium : stamens neluded. IIT. CxNOSBaTI. I. ROTUNDIFOLIAE Filaments pubescent: hypanthium glandular. 1. G. curvata. Filaments glabrous : hypanthium glandless. GROSSULARIACEAE 603 Free part of the hypanthium yo red 5-6 mm. long: petals flabellate-cuneate, 1.5- lon 2. G. rotundifolia. Free part of the hypanthium and ux "9-10 mm. long: petals cuneate-spatulate, 2-2.0 mm. lon 3. G. missouriensis. II. A diffuse shrub with glabrous or nearly glabrous twigs: free part of the hypanthium shorter than the sepals: stamens long-exserted. 4. G. Echinella. III. CyYNOSBATI A rigid shrub with closely pubescent twigs: free part of hypanthium longer than the sepals: stamens not long- A . Cynosbati. 1. G. curvata (Small) Coville & E Diffusely branched shrub, 5-8 dm. tall, armed with slender red spines, the branches purplish, shining, recurved r : 3. A iameter. à — (GRANITE-GOOSEBERRY.) — Rocky woods and slopes, Piedmont, Ala. and Ga. 2. G. rotundifolia rage i rs & Brit- ton. Stra aggling shru b, with slender eddish spines, the Branches nn or brownish: leaf-blades n diameter, glabrate or finely aa ta ps on Je the veins beneath, 3—-5-lobed, the lobes toothed: hypanthium glabro sepals linear or linear-spatulate, 4-5 mm. long, obtuse: petals flabellate- eae 1.5-2 m. | ne, undulate, at length erisped: pog ue s: anthers less than lm den Do globular, 8—10 pao r, reddish-purple. [Ribes RU Michx].— (Mount is con D “Boc ky woods, Viri and Blue Ridge, rarely extending into Coastal "Plain, N. C. to N. Y. and Mas 3. G. missouriensis (Nutt.) Coville & Britton. Spreading shrub, armed with dipsa gus spines, the branches gray or buff: leaf-blades 2—6 em. in diameter, re or eda. espec iini when young, prominently 3—5-lobed; hy- M potis sepals na E elliptie or c ree spatulate or narrower, 7-8 mm. long: petals ‘cuneate ph atulate, 2-2.5 oe g: filaments glabrous: anthers over 1 mm. long: berry globular, 9-15 m i diameter, purple or r R. gracile Pursh not Miehx.|— (Missount- GOOSEBERRY.) — Thickets and river- ped Interior Low Plateaus and Central Lowlands, Tenn. to Kans., Mas 4. G. Rd Coville. us shrub with p gray branehes armed with stoutish purple-brown spines: leaf-blades 1-2.5 em. in diameter, 3-lobed, with the lobes ineised and to othed, Sue ingly Du slender- -petioled: lower part of ar P dn elosely covered with gland-tipped hairs; free A a abou ong, late, 3—5.4 cm. long, pubese Ear arly so, uas eles erect, n. long, convolutely- -folded and aa tabular with the truncate top rolled e ds ents glabrous; anthers less mm. long: style gla ab uus: berry globul ie ren green, echinate, br em in diameter, elosely beset with gland- tipped spin cp pis dg Rich woods, along Lake Miccosukee, Fla.—The leaves unfold in the fall. b. G. bati L. Straggling shrub, with spine-armed and often prickly stems, 7 e closely pubescent: leaf- "blades 3-5 em, in diameter, pubescent 604 PLATANACEAE when young, bd glabrate in age, 3—5-lobed, the lobes rounded or the terminal one acute, all crenate; antag glabrou s but more or less spiny: sepals ellipt E "obtuse; petals dst .5 . long, broadly o or a truncate, reniform: filaments subulate, a as long as the an abou as long: berry globular, about 1-1.5 cm. in m i wth ‘stout ae [Ri eiu f L. R. gra acile ^ ehx.]-—(DoGBERRY. PASTURE-GOOSEBERRY. PRICKLY-GOOSEBERRY )—Roeky woods — hillsides, various eres N of Coastal "Plain, Ala. to Mo. no BN D N. C. Famity 11. PLATANACEAE-PrANE-TREE FAMILY | Trees, with exfoliating bark. Leaves alternate: blades pud leathery, palmatelv lobed. Flowers monoecious, minute, borne on glo- bose receptacles, in dense j endent solitary, Bim or racemose heads. Perianth obsolete. Staminate heads red: filaments nearly obsolete: anthers elongate, each surmounted by a dilated connective. Pistillate heads green: earpels 2-9, 1-celled, mingled with staminodia which are pilose a the apex, surrounded by lone jointed persistent hairs: style terminal, stig- matose to below the middle on the ventral suture. Fruit an elongate achene, surrounded by rigid hairs, with a thin leathery pericarp, crowded in dense globose heads.—Comprises the following genus: PLATANUS [Tourn.] L. Trees, with smooth bark and stout irregular beaches from which are suspended the oe numerous long-peduncled fruit- heads.-—About 8 species in the north tem perate zone.—PLANE-TREES 1. P. occidentalis L. us with : maxi- m., east the base, the lobes acute: flowers green or pu uw E c. solitary, subglobose oping.— (Sy E -4 c BONN cos, a Lo ow grounds, usually near streams, various provinces, N Fla. to F ar for butcher’s bloc The ier is used fe furniture, interior finish, and boxes. Faminy 12. ROSACEAE—Roọosse FAMILY Herbs, shrubs, trees, or rarely vines. Leaves mostly alternate: blades simple or compound, often stipulate. Flowers perfect or rarely dioecious. Calyx of 5, or rarely 4-9, sepals borne on the edge of the hypanthium, sometimes a by as many bractlets. Corolla of as many distinct petals as there are sepals, or ed Androecium of 1 or more series of stamens. Gynoecium of l-many carpels. Ovary 1-celled or imper- fectly 2-celled. Fruit GEN follicles. or drupelets, or achenes which are borne in the hypanthium or on the accrescent receptacle.—About 75 genera and 1300 species, of wide geographie distribution. ROSACEAE En rpals as n of 1-5 dehiscent follicles. arpels s many 25 the sepals and alternate with them, or fewer: eciduou Gus 1-5, if more oe pyriform, present. Carpels usually 5, distinct: seeds dull, dur ar to linear-lanceolate, the co at thin endo sperm wantin ae opposite to the sepals: rsistent. Fruit Concio s of indehiscent achenes em A Carpels not enclosed in a fleshy hypan "Fruits consisting of de ac Nene Ovules 2, one above the other: achenes more or less flattened, usually 1-seeded, borne in a single whor Ovules, and seeds, Solitares achenes usually a borne in a spiral. than one, more or less the coat bony: endosperm stipules present, or in throat nor osely investing the Style not articulated to the ovary ; hypanthium more or ius urceo- late, contracted at t mouth. Style oo basal: T R cym hypanthium loosely aveg the "achenos. Style terminal : inflorescence SE racemos or panicu- i hypanthium closely esting the achen seeds inserted at the proxi xin end of the , that is, perfectly basal: rad- icle inferior Style Belly decidi uous Style partly or wholly persistent, Fruits as d or less fleshy drupelets: ovules coll Carpels at least as many as the sepals, usu- ally numerous : eorolla present at least in the staminiferous flower rs, the petals white to pu rpie iy fewer than the sepals: corolla want- ng or if present the petals yellow. Carpels enclosed in the hypanthium which becomes fleshy in fruit united below: Tribe Tribe Tribe I. NEI Sea e with alternate leaves, with Gnd. ud usually lobed II. SPIRA PR BOUE on the edge of the hy num: p perfect : S or undershrubs: leaf-blades simple. Stamens Borne on the inside of the hypanthium: E dioe- cious: tall herbs: leaf-blades twice or thrice c III. Son Perennial herbs with rootstocks: leaves cid a e ie blades. ULMARIEAE D oa herbs with rootstocks : leaf-blades pinnatifid and in- V. POTENTILLEAE Style terminal or nearly so, D: lateral. Style terminal or nearly s Style on arged receptacle. chenes glabrous, borne on the surface of an en- 605 stipules none seeds shining, I. NEILLIEAE. II. SPIRAEAE. III. SORBARIEAE. Tribe. IV. ULMARIEAE. Tribe V. POTENTILLEAE. Tribe VI. ALCHEMILLEAE. Tribe VII. SANGUISORBEAE. Tribe VIII. COLURIEAE. Tribe IX. DRYADEAE. Tribe X. RUBEAE. Trine XI. KERRIEAE. Tribe XII. ROSEAE. 1. OPULASTER. 2. SPIRAEAE. ound. 3. ARUNCUS. 4. PORTERANTHUS. 5. FILIPENDULA. 6. POTENTILLA. 606 ROSACEAE Corolla yellow : receptacle not pulpy. 1. DUCHESNEA. Corolla white or pinkish : receptacle pu ulpy. 8. FRAGARIA Shrubs: achenes pubescent, borne on an inconspicuous d E w shrub: leaf-blade 3-foliolate : style filiform : co- "Folia white. 9. SIBBALDIOPSIS. Tall p eae pinnate: style clavate: co- rolla y wW. 10. DASIPHORA. Style nearly E dd 11. DRYMOCALLIS. VI. ALCHEMILLE Small annual herbs: leaf-blades digitately 3- Bd and again toothed or lobed. 12. APHANES. VII. SANGUISORBEA Hypanthium not prickly: petals wanting: acre moe com- pact. Stamens 2-4, not declined: pistil 1. 13. SANGUISORBA. Stamens, in staminate flowers, numerous, declined: pistils 2. 14. POTERIUXM. E with hooked spines: petals present : inflorescence 5. AGRIMONIA, VIII. COLURIEAE Perennial herbs with ur leaves basal; blades lobed or compound: hypanthium ostly obconic: "corolla yellow : achenes in the hypanthiu a 16. WALDSTEINIA. IX. Dry Style conspieuously bent and geniculate es p upper por- tion usually hairy, readily deciduous Head of achenes sessile: sepals accompan nied by bractlets. 17. GEUM. pn of achenes stalked: sepals not accompanied by bract- 18. STYLIPUS. Style nel ene conspicuously bent nor distinctly geniculate, the upper portion glabrous, persistent. 19. SIEVERSIA. X. RUBEAE Spreading stoloniferous herb, with reniform leaf-blades: flow- pa of 2 kinds, the essentially staminate flowers nouus fructiferous flowers apetalous, and with few stamens Aups D dry. 20. DALIBARDA. Erect or diffus e shrubs, with lobed or compound leaf-blades: flowers all petaliferous: drupelets juicy and pul Styles clavate: stigmas slightly e receptacie flat : Jeaf-blades U veined and lobed: plants unarmed. 21. RUBACER. B pA glabro stigmas capitate: receptacle con- ispherie, or ‘ni ipple-shaped: leaf-blades mostly Mo plants usually prickly. 22. RUBUS. XI. KERRIEAE Corolla wanting: calyx corolloid; sepals toothed. 23. NEVIUSIA. Corolla present: calyx herbaceous ; sepals entire. 24. KERRIA. XII. ROSEAE Shrubs with usually bristly or prickly stems: leaf-blades 3- foliolate or pinnate. 25. ROSA. 1. OPULASTER Medic. acon Leaf-blades cin lobed. Flow- PA Ae Corola white. Sta numerous, without staminodia. s 1-5, short- Hi aoe styles Süform. Stigmas depressed-capitate. Fol- ticles a [Physocarpus Maxim.]—NINEBARKS.—About 12 species, North merican ip à ue Follieles glabrous at maturity, ovoid, usually 5 together. Seed with a long lateral caruncle: follicles usually twice as long as the sepals leaf-blades of the sterile shoots usually longer than wide. 1. O. opulifolius. Se uU with a short almost terminal caruncle: follicles not S an half longer ed pr REOR leaf- blades of the shoots searcely lon Follicles i -Stellate- pubescent, ellipsoid, ies 3 or 4 together Leaf-blades of P : m shoots ovate in outline, een tdem sparingly pubes 3. O. alabamensis. Leaf-blades of the. sterile XU prewar eyate in outline, acute, densely stellate-pubescen 4. O. stellatus. N O. australis. ROSACEAE 607 1. O. opulifolius (L.) Kuntze. Shrub 1—3 m. tall: leaf-blades 3-8 cm. long, acutely lobed: sepals ovate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: follicles 8-10 mm. long, acute. P. opulifolius Maxim.]—Rocky soil and river banks, various provinces, Tenn. to Mich., Que., and Va.—Spr.-sum. 2. O. australis Rydb. Shrub with glabrous nu qos ee bow blades broadly ovate, em. long, deeply 3-lobed and pomi othed, s d or froneat at the þase: follicles agai 5, glabrous, 3-6 m ace acute.— Wooded slopes, Blue Ridge, S C. to Va.—Sum O. alabamensis Rydb. Shrub, with stel- ofte indis tine tly 3-lobed, doubly crenate, stellate-pubescent, at least beneath, acute or rounded at the base: inflorescence densely stellate: follicles 3-5, permanently stellate, about 8 mm. long.— Thickets and river-bottoms, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Ala., Ga., and S. C.— Sum. 4. O. stellatus Rydb. Low shrub, with decidedly pm foliage: leaf- blades 1—4 cm. long: sepals narrowly ovate, 2—2.5b mm. long: follicles mostly 4, about 5 mm. long.—Stream-banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.— | 2. SPIRAEA [Tourn.] L. Shrubs. Leaf-blades toothed or lobed. Flow- ers corymbose or paniculate. Corolla white, pink, or rose. Stamens numerous, accompanied by lobe-like staminodia. Carpels usually 5, mostly stipitate: styles clavate: stigmas minute and oblique. Follieles not inflated.—About 70 species, natives of the north aes zone.—SPIREAS.—Several species are extensively grown for ornament. Inflorescence elongate, paniculate, ovoid or conic. I. SALICIFOLIAE. Inflorescence flat-topped, corymbose. II. CORXMBOSAE. I. DE Sepals merely spreading: disk obsole Inflorescence glabrous: leaf- dos "broadly oblanceolate to p obovate. S. latifolia. Inflorescence pubescent: leaf-blades narrowly oblanceolate. 2. S. alba. Sepals early reflexed: disk prominen b err glabrous: leaf-blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceo- 3. S. subcanescens. Follicles pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic or oval, varying to ovate or elliptic-ovate. . S. tomentosa. II. CoRYMB Vu dun edem turbinate, tapering to the base: E glau- cous ea 5. S. virginiana. PAS campanulate, abruptly contracted at the base: leaf-blades scarcely glaucous beneath. 6. S. corymbosa. 1. S. latifolia (Ait.)-Borkh.1 — with glabrous twigs: leaf-blades cages! oblanceolate to obovate, 2-8 cm. long, sharply serrate, glabrous or nearly s 1 Formerly included in vn salicifolia, a native of Siberia and eastern Russia. 608 ROSACEAE hypanthium hemispherie, less than s res high, glabrous: ges De or pin the bud, about long: oblanceolate, a mm. Es SWEET. MEADO SPIREA.) — Moist slopes, meadows rocky banks, various provinces, in Coastal Plain only N, N. C. to Sask. and Newf.— Sum. | 2. S. alba Du Roi. Shrub with puberulent 3~ long, s ly serrate z puberulent on the veins: hypanthium puberu- lent, about 1 mm. high: petals pu about 2 mm. long: follicles oblanceolate, about 3.5 mm. long.—(MEADOW-SWEET. EADOW-SPIREA.)— Wet thickets and erie various provinces N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Mo., Ont., and N. Y.—Sum 3. S. subcanescens Rydb. Shrub somewhat resembling S. tomentosa in habit but with the stem and branches less densely pubescent: leaf-blades thinnish, but firm, lanceolate to e seat gue cirri ie at both d sharply and finely serrate, slightly pubescent a , tomentulose beneath: sepals re aa pink, suborbienlar, aon t 2 mm. wide: “follicles glabrous, about 2 Woods, near Anderson, P Piedmont of S. C—Sum.—This may bee a ped between ri tomentosa and S. alba. 4. S. tomentosa L. Shrub 3-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades d tomentose be- neath: flowers stout-pedicelled: sepals ciliate: petals rose-colored 2s rare 1y d 1- a Dao earpels and follicles pubescent, the We 2.5 mm ong.—(H K. oe E and meadows, various uum in Coastal “Plain pus N, Ga. to Kans., Man., and N. S.—Sum. 5. S. virginiana Britton. Straggling shrub: leaf-blades 2-6 cm. long: longer stamens about twice as long as the sepals: staminodia sees petals white, about 2 mm. in diameter.— (MOUNTAIN MEADOW-SWEET E y banks, Blue Ridge and Appalachian Plateau, Tenn. to W. Va.—Spr.—s 6. S. corymbosa Raf. Erect e leaf-blades 2-10 em. long: longer stamens TE a E dong as the sepals: uae minodia depressed: petals white, about 1.5 er.—(Dw. a REA.)—Rocky banks and acid soil, Blue Ridge, « Ed n adj. hire isle Ga. to W. Va. and N. J.—Spr.-sum 3. ARUNCUS Eo Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades twice or thrice pinnately compound. Flowers dioecious, very many, borne in panicled narrow racemes. Se e deltoid » us ngular. Petals broad, white. Stamens numer- conspic : filaments elongate. Carpels mostly 3: styles short or PX Folliclos ereet or deflexed.—About 5 species, natives of North America and Eurasia.—Spr.-sum.—QGOAT'S-BEARDS. BRIDE'S-FEATHERS Style short, much shorter ue ni carpel-body during anthesis: follicle-bodies nar- rowly ellipsoid, about 3 nee 1. A. Aruncus. Style long, about as long ae "carpe -body during anthesis: ollicle-bodies turgid, pos or ovoid, about 2 mm. lon Mature carpel-bodies ovoid, sometimes apparen ntly ellipsoid hen dry, the beaks m mostly spreading: leaflets decidedly eath. . A. pubescens. "m. carpel-bodies oval, sometimes apparently ovoid when he beaks osiy erect: leaflets glabrous or nearly so. 3. A. allegheniensis. ROSACEAE 609 1. A. Aruncus (L.) Karst. Plant 2 m. tall or less, glabrous or nearly so up to the inflorescence at ere ups ovate, 2—7 em . long, aeuminate, doubly serrate, glabrous, smooth a with scattered hairs mM m when oun: triangular-lanceolate, acuminate: petals of d oe goes searcely mm. long, wed at the dua e: follicles isl elliptie, about 3 ion ng, less than thick, pend beaked. —Thickets and doe places, ally nat. in various provinces in U. S., fr om N. C. northward. Nat. of Eu. 2. A. pubescens Rydb. Plant 3 m. tall or less, ui epi io ubescent: leaflets ovate, 3-10 em. long, short-acuminate, singly or doubly serrate, cube escent beneath: ded v the pistillate flowers triangular lanceo C acute: petals of the staminate flowers slighty over 1 mm. long, scarcely nar- rowed at the base: follicles d sometimes appearing ellipsoid when dry, the body about 2 mm. long, with the Ens beak mostly spreading.—W oods, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Okla. to Ia. and Va. 3. A. allegheniensis Rydb. Plant 2.5 m. tall or less, glabrous or nearly s at maturity below the inflorescence: leaflets ovate to elliptic, 3-10 cm ons brous or with seat i oval, sometimes appearing ovoid when dry, the body about 2 mm. long, with the slender beak mostly erect. [Spiraea Aruncus (Chapm. Fi). lo ~ woods, various provinces, in Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Ala., Ky., 4. PORTERANTHUS Britton. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades. 3-parted or 3-foliolate. Flowers perfect, few, borne in open lax pia Mica shorter than the hypanthium. Petals narrow, white or pink. Stam , in one row: filaments very short. Carpels i e 5: styles sult, nd erect. [Gillenia Moench.]—Two species.—Spr.-sum.—INDIAN PHYS Pep dora sued caudate-acuminate: stipules subulate or He entire or orsal suture of the follicle not prominent. 1. P.trifoliatus. Sepals Mere ciliolate, acute or slightly acuminate: stipules foli- eous, coarsely laciniate: dorsal suture of the follicle keel- like. 2. P. dpi 1. P. trifoliatus (L.) Bri Plant 3-14 dm. tall: leaflets 3-9 em. long; blades oval or elliptie to A or those of upper leaves sometimes pem d S l 25 _incised-serrates petals white, mostly 15— m. long; blades nearly linear or Ponty aa upward: folli- cles 5.5-7 mm. long, stout-beaked, not stipi- A Eie) fine-pubescent. [G. trifoliata Moench. ]— (BOWMAN ’S-ROOT. FAL IPE- CAC. Woods , thickets, and river-banks, vari- ous provinces, S Coa stal aa iui N, Ga. to Mo., Mich., diio n Britton. Plant cum minate, those 2 the lower leaves incised or laciniate, those of the upper coarsely doubly-toothed : Dedi white or pinkish, 11- 39 e 610 ROSACEAE — 15 mm. long; blades a or a pic dris ILE 6.5-9.5 m long, slender- o a glabro with few hairs. [G. st ue Muhl.]—(AMERICAN IPE oo oods ETE thickets, dns = calcareous soil, various provi n chi fy W of Blue Ridge, extending into Piedmont and Atlantie Coastal Plain only in river eu Ga. to La., Kans., and N. Y. FILIPENDULA [Tourn.] Hil. Perennial inii herbs. Leaf- we pinnate. Flowers numerous, borne in eorymbose cymes. Sepals entire. Petals broad, white, pink, or purple. Carpels - 5-15: style short: stigma capitate. Achene eapsule-like.—About 10 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—MEADOW-SWEETS. 1. F. rubra (Hil) B. L. d Plant 5-24 dm. tall: lower leaves dm. tall; blades of the leaflets palmate a 3-5 ‘lobed: sepals almost half-orbicular: petals mm. long, pink or aa the blades iub. orbicular: fruits mm. long, clavate. [ Spiraea ae Chapin. FI. — ( PRAIRIE- oo QUEEN-OF-THE-PRAIRIE. )— Swamps duos w grounds, Blue Ridge and more : "provinces Ga. to Ia., Pa., and Vt.— Spr.-s 6. POTENTILLA L. Herbs or de) woody plants. Leaf-blades pinnately or digitately foliolate. Flowers in corymbose cymes or solitary. Petals white, yellow, red, or purple, rer Receptacle hemispherie or conic. Carpels and achenes ovoid.—About 325 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—CINQUEFOILS. FIVE-FINGERS. MEADOW-STARS.—Our species all have yellow flowers. Flowers solitary, on long axillary pedicels: plant perennial. I. TORMENTILLAE. Flowers cymose: cymes many-flowered, leafy bracted : plant an- II. SUPINAE. I. TORMENTILLAE Stem, branches, petioles, and pedicels with appressed pubescence. Lea flets sparingly silk or strigose: B oblanceolate, n iu ae “or rarely obovate. toothed except at the 1. mpler Leaflets densely silky beneath ; blades of hose of the basal M nage alas toothed only at the apex or above the 2. P. pumila. Stem, T E and pedicels with spreading hairs. la es o „the leaflets obovate or oblanceolate, appressed- pubesce 3. P. canadensis. Bl rus E the leaflets cuneate, pubescent with long lax hai . P. caroliniana. II. SUPINAE Achene corky-gibbous on the upper suture: core less than 8 mm. wide: lower leaves with 9-11 leaflet . P. paradoaa. Achene not gibbous : corolla over 9 mm. wide: lower leaves with 3-5 leaflets 6. P. monspeliensis. 1. P. simplex Michx. Stem erect or early decumbent, 4-10 dm. long, ap- pressed- a a leaflets 2-6 em. long; mostly 5; blades Enn c elliptic- ROSACEAE 611 rne dE te, or rarely obovate, coarsely S ue 4—5 linear-lanceolate braetlets: petals 5-6 mm. long.—Grassy slopes and open woods, vari- ous ag N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Mo., Minn, and N. S.—Spr — This, and r elated species, are sometimes called wild- strawber 2. P. a b Stem erect in anthesis, producing nner-like branches, densely silky-strigillose: leaflets 5; blades 2-2.5 cm ate-obov ong, cune ate, coarsely toothed at t pex or e the middle: sepals nar rowly lanceolate, 3-5 mm pu about equal ling the brackets: petals 4—7 mm. long. [P. canadensis pumila T. & G.] —Sandy banks and dry nocd various provinces, Ga. to Ohio, Ont., and Me.— Spr. canadensis L. Stem branched at the base, the w decumbent or 29s. prostr —6 dm. long, with s - eading hairs: leaflets 3 or 5; blades AA A ate, 4 A M inee or oval, 2-5 em. long, coarsely toothed: RUN 12-15 mm. wide, the petals about 1/3 1 onger than a Rame ie -FI ene aa y soil, “banks, and t se rae various provinces, La. to Tex., , N. B., . Č.—Spr.-sum. 4. P. caroliniana Poir. Stem often branched at the base, the o pros- trate, usually rooting at the nodes, 3—10 dm. long, with spreading pubescence: leaflets mostly 5; blades cuneate, 1.5—4 cm. long, coarsely toothed AR corolla 8—10 mm. wide, the petals about 1/3 E EE than the sepals. as woods, various provinces, Ga. to Mo. and Va.— 5. P. paradoxa Nutt. Stem becoming much-branched, the branches pene ascending preadi 2-5 dm. tall, hirsute above, sometimes glabra below: leaflets pinnate, 9-11 on the lower np 1-2 em. long; blades obov E» iun) d or dr. the PAD rounded: cymes leafy: ogee pae dia poter ns pu g the sepals or exceeding em: E DUK EA corky, thickened P the inner side.—Low grounds, m and eN prov inces, Tenn. to N. M., Wash., Ont. and N. Y.—(Mez., 0. W.)— Su m. P. monspeliensis L. Stem simple and erect, or with ascending branches, l m. tall or es h eu (finely did and with oblong narrowly serrate leaflets in P. gica): leaflets 3, digitate, or in luxuriant plants 5, digitate or pinnate, 3-10 4 A long; blades Red broadly serrate: cymes dense: hypanthium becoming 7-8 mm. wide, hirsute: sepals elliptic lanceolate, 7—8 mm. long: petals obovate to cuneate, nearly equa alling the sepals: stamens m 20; achene usually rugulose. [P. norvegica L.|——(Roven- pog ay aste- -plaees, eult. grounds, and fields, various pen N. C. to Tex Calif., Alas., Ont., and Lab.—(Mez., O. W.)—Sum 7. DUCHESNEA J. E. Smith. Caulescent creeping herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately 3-foliolate. Peduncles 1-flowered. Bractlets larger than the sepals, 612 ROSACEAE toothed. Petals surpassed by the Nip —Two species, natives of —Moc STRAWBERRIES.—The apes is ee and spongy, but not juicy, at maturity. D. indica (Andr.) Focke. Stem or ae Sonde leaflets ovate to obova ter epals 6-8 mm. long: ER obovate, yellow mm indica A ]J— (Y -STRAWB DIAN-STRAWBERRY AKE-BE ER. )— Fields and roadsides, various d ceu N Fla. " Red. and N. Nat. of Pocos Ark Spr.-s 8. FRAGARIA [Tourn.] L. Acaulescent erect and often stoloniferous herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately 3-foliolate. Scapes several-flowered. Braetlets smaller than the sepals, entire. Petals white, surpassing the braetlets.—About 35 species, natives of the north temperate zone to the mts. of South America. —Spr.—STRAWBERRIES.—Some species and many hybrids are extensively grown for their fruits. The receptacle, conic or globose at maturity, is red or scarlet. Blades of the leaflets dc sk achenes in pits. iar with appresse lades of the leaflets "peni or nearly So. 1. F. virginiana, Bla pes of the leaflets Mir ed. 2. F. VL Ln Pedice 3 With spreading hai 3. F. Gray Blades of p leaflets sessile or a sessile: achenes superficial. 4. F. an F. virginiana VE Rootstock stout: blades of the leaflets thick, EE. to dex 3-10 em. long, eoarsely toothed, obtuse: seape stout, 1.5—3 dm. tall, villous: pedicels pu rigose: braetlets, and s epals, laneeo és a vate: fr uit subglobose, 1-1.5 em. in diameter: achenes in deep pits. — Fields, p and eult. Lie various provinces, Fla. to Okla., and Que. erica nd Minn. | 2. F. suci Rydb. Rootstock short, ed dra bcn P s leaflets elliptic- oblanceolate obova 1-4 long, coarsely few- Pe Dic d: RU e less than 1 dm. tall, silky: bractlets linear- lanceolate: sepals broadly lanceolate: an tals oval: fruit not seen. Woods and r banks, various prov- inces, N. C. iu Tenn, o W. Va. and Va. F. Gr rayana Vilmorin. Rootstock stout, short: blades of the leaflets firm e 3-10 cm. long, coarsely toothed, acute o or obtuse: scape stout, 1— 1.5 dm. tall, iui with s spreading or reflexed hairs: pedicels hirsute: bractlets linear lanceola p eim. lanceolate: petals suborbicular: fruit subglobose, about chenes in pits.— —Cult. grounds, fields, and gardens, 1.5 dia a Coastal Plain, lu into adj. provinces, Ala. to La., Mo., and M 4. F. americana (Porter) Britton. oo — ace: of the leaflets thin, oe obovate, mostly acute, 3-8 cm. long: scape 1.5 dm. tall or less, villous: pedicels somewhat ‘appr essed- pubescent: sepals, P bractets ovate to eee ee 5-6 mm. long: fruit conic-ovoid, mm, lon d. Chapm. not L.]— ( Woon- -STRAWBERRY. )— Ciis hillside, and roadsides, various BE A N of Coastal Plain, N. C. . M., Man., and Newf. ROSACEAE 613 9. SIBBALDIOPSIS Rydb. Shrubs with creeping stems. Leaf-blades eq 3-foliolate, 3-toothed at the apex. Petals white, rounded. Stamens 3 arp mostly obovo ade ves &liform, lateral. pé pubescent.— One species. 1. S. tridentata (Soland.) Rydb. Plant or obovate-cuneate: cymes open: sepals tri- i ovate to Man petals white, 5. e 7 long: achen arly 2 [Potentilla manta CAdt. E a CINQUE EFOIL WINELEAF-CINQUEFOIL.) eky acid ers Blue Ridge and more N m Ga. to Man., Newf., and Greenl. —BSpr.- "Deposits itself on the mos wind- ies summits, either on ‘‘balds’’ or in rock crevices. . DASIPHORA Raf. Shrubs with unarmed branches. Leaf-blades pin- nately several foliolate, the leaflets broad or narrow, entire. Petals yellow, A clawless. Stamens about 25, 5 groups on a pentagonal disk. Carpel- body angular. Achenes pubescent.—About 5 species, nos of the north temperate and arctic regions. 1. D. fruticosa (L.) Rydb. Shrub 1.5 m. tall or less with silky twigs: leaflets 3-7, usually 5; pue ‘leathery, elliptic, linear- elliptic, or linear, 1-2 long, or less, silky on both ie brac tlet ts linear- elliptie: uminate: als mps or moist rocky soil, Tenn. to N. M., Calif. Alas., Que., and N. J.—(ZEurasia.) —Sum. 11. DRYMOCALLIS Fou Herbs with erect stems. Leaf-blades pin- nately several-foliolate, the ee toothed. Petals yellow or white, rounded. Stamens in 5 clusters. Carpel-body ovoid: style fusiform, basal. Achene glabrous.— About 30 species, natives of the north tem- perate and subarctic regions. . D. agrimonioides (Pursh) Rydb. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, glandular, villous: leaflets cymes ‘achene about mm. long. [ Potentilla Hen Pursh.|—Dry banks, rocky hills, and eadows, various provinees, N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Colo, Mack, N. B., and D. C.—Sum. 614 ROSACEAE 12. APHANES L. Annual small caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades digi- tately lobed or dissected. Flowers minute or inconspicuous, greenish, in small l . axillary clusters. ypanthium Mi ded urceolate, contracted at th, Petals wanting. Stamens 1-4. Eis. ing —About 20 species, SUE of the north temperate zone. is australis PA Plant pubescent, the achenes about 1 mm. long. [Alchemilla arvensis (Chapm. Fl.) ]—(PARSLEY-PIERT.) —Fields and pastures, various pr ovinees, Ga. to Tenn. and D. C.—Spr. 13. SANGUISORBA [Rupp.] L. Perennial or rarely annual, caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades unequally pinnate. Flowers white, or greenish white, dense heads or spikes. Hypanthium angled, unarme Sepals petallike, deciduou Petals 5 wanting. Fi laments mostly clavate. species, North American. S. dox dps L. Plant 3-4 dm. tall: iude 7-15; blades Pra 22 elliptic, or elliptic- ‘Taneeolate, 1.5-8 long, rate: spikes 3—15 em. long: se ud als Du OT oval-ovate, nicum d oblong or euneate, about 2 mm. 1008, mucronate: iui about m. e B. & H.] Plain only northward, Ga. to Mich. and Lab.—Sum.— 14. POTERIUM L. Caulescent herbs resembling Sanguisorba in habit. Leaflets with toothed blades. Flowers monoecious or polygamous, greenish, in dense short peduncled spikes. Hypanth- j 4-angled. Sepals 4, g ium 4-ar reen. Petal want ,1 amindt fl ers, numerous: filaments elongat Pistils 2: stigmas tufted. ehenes included.— About 4 species, native of the Old World. P. Sanguisorba L. Plant 3-8 dm. tall, dius Or ipe so: leaflets mostly 9—13; per oe or reniform, varying obova serrate or crenate: spikes ashes to ere es an 3-3.5 long: achene abou long.— (Ganoes BURNET.) — — Ro ae a cult. unds, various provinces, Md. to Ark., Ont., and Me. Nat. of Eu.—Sum. ROSACEAE 615 . AGRIMONIA [Tourn] L. Perennial, often glandular, caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades unequally and interruptedly pinnate, with small leaflets interposed between the larger ones. Flowers small, in virgate interrupted racemes. Hypanthium fluted, armed with hooked bristles. Sepals green, persistent. Petals yellow. Stamens 5-15. Filam > subulate Style termi- nal.—About 15 species, widely distributed.—AGRIMONIES. HARVEST-LICE. Mature hypanthium with 2-4 series of bristles; these erect, ascending, or merely spreading: sepals acute. : Leaflets large (mostly over 2 cm. long); blades serrate or crenate, the teeth directed forwar Raceme and Teer surface of the leaflets decidedly pubescent. Roots not tuberous- thicken ed: leaflets glandular-granulose beneath. Leaflets 11-27; bla i narrowly lanceolate or elliptic, ans coo ed mature iypan nthium 2.5-3 mm. long, the outer . bristles ey canine. p reflex ea: 1. A. parviflora. Leaflets 5—9: blades broadly lanceolate to p m : u m. long, with erect or Candi cent bristles. 2. A. striata. Roots M leaflets not glandular- uliferous or very slightly so, velvety be- Mature Bus thium campanulate or turbinate, lo Mun broad, with an coven cusue or eyiden t stems with the long hairs Sea or ascendine Leaflets mostly 1-13; blades, lanceolate to nar- rowly elliptic ; mature ypanthium with an evident rim, the outer bristles spreading. 3. A. Bicknellii. eaflets mostly 5—7 ; blades obovate or oval, or rarely elliptie; mature hypanthium with an obsolete rim, t istles erect or ascending. 4. A. pubescens. Hoe ypanthium broadly obconic, as broad as nearly so, shorter than the sepals, Su Boro uer rim: stem with the long hairs spreadin M 3 x rar "andes acute: mature hypan- thiu ually ee than long: leaves scattered. on the S . A. platycarpa. Pe uei 3 E. 5, the lower pair much reduced ; l a h ae ae on the lower part of the stem. 6. A. microcarpa. Raceme and leaves glabrous or nearly so, but grandular, granuliferous: roots tuberous-thickened. 7. A. rostellata. Leaflets sm -2 c long) ; with few, coarse salient or somewhat recurved n 8. A. incisa. Mature Een us with several series of bristles, the outer eflexed : sepals acuminate, with the tips incurved at maturity. 9. A. gryposepala. parviflora Ait. Stem 3-20 dm. tall, finely Attia and densely hir sute; B leaflets 11-27; blades 3- 12 ong or rarely smaller, ongly ned, sharply a sepals Rn: DIAS eliptic, about 2 mm. long, pale yellow: o hypanthium short- turbinate, 2.5-3 mm. long, the bristles in 2 series with an ae rim. [4. Eupatoria Michx. not L.]—Meadows, stream- pu and rieh Goode " various provinces, Fla. to mee Nebr., and N. Y.—(W. I., Mex.)—Spr.-s 2. A. striata Michx. Stem 3-21 dm li, hirsute and glandular- m e y leaflets 5-9; blades 3-10 cm. long, serrate with mucronate teeth: sepals triangular- ovate: petals obovate, 3-4 mm. long, deep- yellow: mature hypanthium long-turbinate, about 5 mm. long, the bristles in 3 or 4 616 ROSACEAE series, the rim thick. [A. Eupatoria ae Fl. TT fence-rows, and thickets, various provinces, Ga. to N. M., B. C., and N. S.—Sum 3. A. Bicknellii (Kearney) Rydb. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, densely villous-canes- cent and also with scattered long hairs: primary leaflets 7-13; blades 3-8 c nm bel B ovate teeth: sepals ovate, about 1 mm. lon ng: petals elliptic, abou long, pale 2 e mature hypanthium turbinate, about 3 m long, "de bristies | in 3 or 4s — Woods and stream-banks, various n Ga. to Tenn, and Mass.— E 4, A. pubescens Wallr. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, loosely a and also pag what villous-hirsute: primary leaflets 5—7 (r are ely 9); s 3-8 cm. long o rarely smaller, with triangular-ovate teeth: Sc di B prn E petals obovate t . long, deep-yellow pps pce turbi- nate to campanulate, 2.5-3 mm. long, the bristles in 3 s [A. Eupatoria mollis (Chapm. Fl.) A. mollis Britton.]—Dry w un mad thickets, various provinces, Ga. to Ark., Kans., Ont., and N. Y. 5. A. platycarpa Wallr. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, finely pubescent and also spar- ingly hirsute: primary leaflets 3—5 (rarely : ); bars oval to elliptie, 2-6 em long, with ovate teeth: sepals ovate, about . long: petals obovate, 1. 5-2 mm. lon 28, light-ye ellow: mature a ceres broadly obeonie, about 2 long a nd 3 wide, the bristles in 2 or 3 series, the rim prominent. - Woods, various ASN Ga. to Ala. and Pa.—Sum 6. A. seer Wallr. Stem 1-7 dm. tall, finely p s also hirsute: primary leaflets 3—5; blades P pode to cuneate ong, irs Or dentate: Bus ovate, about 1.5 mm. long: petals anpii, pin 5 . long, deep-yellow: mature hypanthium broadly obeonie, 2-2.5 m ong "d about as wide, the bristles in 2 or 3 series, the rim evident. [4. punti B m Woods and shaded bos PUE pray een Fla, to E Tex. and Pa.—Sur 7. A. rostellata Wallr. Stem 2-10 dm. tall, sparingly hirsute or nearly gla- brous: primary leaflets 3-9; blades obo vate o or oval, 3—10 cm. long, serrate with broadly s nue sepals ovate- lanceolate, “about 1.5 mm. long: ps p die 2-3 long, pale-yell ow: mature hypant hium hemispherie, abou . long, the e in about 3 series, the rim obsolete.—Wooded ilies, my and fence rows, various provinces, Ga. to Ka ans. and Con fall. Sum 8. A. incisa T. & G. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, eanescent and Medicis villous: primary leaflets 7—11; blades dus to elliptic: -obovate, 1-2 em. long, promi- nently veined: sepals d ena 1.5 mm. long: petals elliptic, "2-3 mm. lon x yellow: mature hypanthium euis alte: about 2.5 mm. long, the bristles 3 or 4 series. wYPinceads, Nos Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Sum . A. gryposepala Wallr. Stem 3-18 dm. tall, pubescent with spreading hairs: La leaflets 7-11; blades oval to obovate, oblanceolate or elliptic, - aa ong, coarsely serrate with ovate teeth: sepals acuminate, about 2 . lon "m petals obovate, 2.5-3 mm. long, bright-yellow: mature hypanthium broadly turbinate, 5-6 long, the outer bristles much shorter than the mm. inner. [A. hirsuta Bickn.|—Borders of woods and thickets, various provinces, N. C. to Nebr., N. D., and N. S.; also Calif.—(Mez.)—Sum . WALDSTEINIA Willd. Acaulescent herbs. Leaf-blades lobed o divided. Flowers in corymbose cymes. Petals yellow, rounded. Recept E minute. Carpels and achenes obovoid. Five species, natives of the north temperate zone.—Spr.—BARREN-STRAWBERRIES. | STRAWBERRY-FOOL ROSACEAE | 617 Leaf-blades 2 foliolate : style arising abruptly from the ovary. Pe i ls ice as long as the sepals or longer: sepals mostly ner than the hy- anthiu . W. fragarioides. Pe tals long as the ed or shorter: sepals mostly Hoster eed the hypanthi 2. W. Doniana. Leaf-blades 3-lobed: style arising "erndualiy from the ovary. 3. W.lobata. | 1. W. fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt. Plant 0.5-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades 3- foliolate; leaflets em. long, the blades ae to obovate, crenate-lobed or incised: petals 8-10 mm. long, ce a m. twi long as the sepals: style glabrous.—Dam woods and shaded banks, various pee N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ind., Minn., and N. B 2. W. Doniana Tratt. Plant 1—3 dm. tall: leaflets irregularly crenate or : A Ga. to Tenn. 3. x oe pom T. & G. Plant 1- dm leaf-lobes mucronulate- de i p onger than the hypanthium: petals á narrowly elliptic, as long as the Re ls or shorter: A. pubescent at the pase: —River banks, Coastal Plain dud Piedmont, Ga. to N. C. 7. GEUM L. Herbs. Leaf-blades — 3-foliolate or nies di- vided. Flowers solitary or in open cymes. als rounded or retus Re- ceptacle sessile. Carpels numerous: style ane cae te. Head of pac or achenes, sessile.—A bout 40 species, most abundant in the north temperate | zone.—Spr.-sum.—AVENS. Style bent near the apex: petals m veiny, 2-4 mm. long: bractlets obtuse. Corolla SES d or cream-yellow 1. G. hirsutum. Corolla whi a bristly : stem glabrous or softly pilose. 2. G. canadense. Receptacle glabrous : stem hirsute. 3. G. virginianum. D D Dear the middle: petals veiny, 6-7 mm. long: bract- 4. G. geniculatum. 1. G. hirsutum Muhl. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, hirsute below: blades of the lower leaves a A d sepals about twice as long as the braetlets: achene-body abou [G. ft (Porter) Bicknell. J- Tickets and open woods, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Tenn. Y Ohio, and Conn. 2. G. canadense Jacq. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves 3- ns ided or pin- ic a ] [G. Gmel.]—(REpEo OT. )—Thieke ets and La woods, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., S. nd N. S. ( 3. G. virginianum L. Similar to G. dense in habit, ‘but stouter, and D cler Pm an e aco hirsute heads of achenes 12-16 mm. long: achene-body 2.5-3 mm. long.—Damp thi EE ets and low grounds, various provinees, N. C. to Mo., Minn., and N. B 618 ROSACEAE G. geniculatum Michx. Stem 5-9 dm. tall: blades s ox lower leaves toothed or 3-divided: braetlets linear, about 14 as long as sepals: white, with darker veins: achene-body 3.5—4. 5 mm. long.—W ooded rd Blue Ri idge, N. C. and Tenn 18. STYLIPUS Raf. Perennial herbs resembling Geum in habit, but calyx not accompanied by a series of braetlets. Style elongated and ene bent near the apex. Head of carpels, or jd oe —About 3 species, North png Am CH SMS: ntan: YN aves; 1. S. vernus Raf. Stem and branches often decumbent: blades of the lower leaves both e pi s about 2 m m. long: petals 1n d e the sepals: head of achen f = diameter: achene- body 3 m "c Gown vernum T. & G. — Thickets ‘and open woods, various prov- in, . to t. nd N. his of the ‘‘western’’ plants that have migrated N through the channels of agric 19. SIEVERSIA R. Br. Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades vari- ous, those of the basal leaves with G blades, those of the cauline smaller and usually simple. Flowers few solitary. Petals yellow or sues: as notched. Carpels numerous: style elongate, not jointed, pubescent or plumose. About 15 species, of Alpine and arctic regions. 1. S. soar (Michx.) Greene. Plant - dm. tall, hirsute: basal leaves with lyra aA Le the terminal division ue orbieular or reniform 4—]5 em. wide: sepals acuminate: petals deep- Sloe. 12-18 mm long, deeply obcordate: achene- ek 3—4 mm. lo [Ge radiatum Michx. ]— mE Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn. — Sum. L. Perennial unarmed ereeping herbs. Leaf-blades me denied Flowers of 2 kinds, some petaliferous, but usually sterile on long erect unie others apetalous and fruit-producing hort curved peduncles di Ve (not further Pared he re). Sepals 5 or E. E 6, the 3 larger _ at least, toothed at the EZ ii EP apex. Petals mostly 5, white, deciduous. dius Carpels 5-10. a a cluster of nearly dry drupelets.—One species. 1. D. repens L. Stem and branches soft- pubescent: leaf blados ovate to orbicular, 2—5 em. wide, erenate, pubescent on both sides, cordate, slender-petioled: sepals 6-7 mm. long, pubescent: petals elliptie, oval, ROSACEAE 619 or ovate, 7-8 ane long: drupelets ellipsoid ovoid, 3-4 mm. long.—(DEw- DROPS. STAR-VIOLET.)—Woods, often in acid soil, Blue Ridge oe more provinces, rarely extending into Coastal Plan Soa N. C. to Minn. and N. B.—Spr.- RUBACER Rydb. Perennial partly ‘shrubby diffuse plants. Leaf- "n euin lobed. Flowers corymbose or racemose. Carpels borne on a flat receptacle. Fruit depressed-hemi- spheric or near "i flat.—About 3 species, North Ameri 1. R. odoratum (L.) Rydb. Stem 1-2 m p clammy-pubescent : a blades 5-30 ey 3—5 lobed: sepals elongate, each NA ovate or wed -ovate ody a and a a appen ndage: petals rose-purple ad: fruits atus L. BERRY-ROSE. E. THIMBLE -BERRY. )—Roe eky banks and woods, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Mich. and N. 8S. om 22. RUBUS [Tourn.] L. Perennial erect or trailing shrubs. Leaf-blades simple or 3-7-foliolate. Flowers solitary or variously disposed. Petals white to purple. Carpels borne on a convex or conic receptacle. Fruit hemispheric or elongate, composed of drupelets.—About 200 species, most een in the north temperate regions.—Spr.— RASPBERRIES. BLACKBERRIES. BRAMBLES.— r. or early sum.—The stems are biennial in our species. The shoo " " the season, called turions, arise from the scaly subterranean buds.—The following treatment is based on that of Per Axel Rydberg in North Ameriean Flora. Drupelets united into a thimble-like aggregate fruit which falls away oo the dry receptacle.—RASPBERRIES. I. IDA Drupelets united and on the fleshy receptacle or falling off together Es the receptacle, or falling away separately. LACKBERRIES. Shoots of the 2n (turions) erect: stems erect, arch- ing, or re Blades of De TS white-tomentose beneath. II. Ve MN Blades of the leaflets not white-tomentose beneath. III. ARGUTI Shoots of the season EE ORE) and stems pr EA IDEA only oral branches nu Mrd: Sot pri OR leaves deciduous, except in hispidus in which the leaflets are 'obovate. Stern prickly and prickles confined to the angles of the stem. IV. PROCUMBENTES. ec m rare d numerous bristles which are not e angles. V. HISPIDI. inore cede with Aenea prickles : leaves persistent : blades of the leaflets oblanceolate or elliptic. VI. TRIVIALES. I. IDAEI opp white; petals erect or ascending. Inflorescence corymbiform : n dd ues when with han 3 leaflets, peda tely com nd. 1. R. occidentalis. Talo once racemose: fruits red: Tenge: when with more than aflets, pinnately compound. 2. R. carolinianus. Corolla rose or purple ; petals incumbent, 21 to the stamens: stem densely hispid, but not glandu la 3. R. phoenicolasius. II. DISCOLOR Blades of the lateral leaflets cuneate to » obovate : blade of the terminal leaflet entire near the base 4. R. cuneifolius. 620 ROSACEAE Blades of the lateral leaflet Peny ovate: blade of the ter- minal leaflet toothed to the base III. ARGUTI Inflorescence densely clothed with long-stalked glands. Inflorescence glandless, or the se eue glands, if present, hidden in the other pubescene M d UE leaflets markedly pubescent beneath. cence elongate-ramose: young branches more pe istinctly angled: prickles ae blades of f cn 1 Inflorescence short-corymbiform : ng branches te- rete: prickles at least on the branches eurved and fiattened : leaflets Mod e DE ent be neath. Prickles ind. y hooked and flattened, at least on the flor Prickles, ir present, Eum ight and t stem tall, "BE usually unarmed. Stems T. 1 a ‘tall or "E AQ or nearly SO, Sparingly retrorse- priekly ect IV. PROCUMBENTES Dlades of the leaflets markedly pubescent beneath. Prickles strongly flattened and curv Prickles terete or nearly so, rather weak Bla des oe E leaflets light- -green and firm, shining abov gularly toothe ee des p tiia M ad dark-green and very thin, irregu- arly tooth Bl d Ns ue leaflets glabrous or sparingly pubescent on the eneath Leafiets of the flow vering branches thin, the blades crenate- rate with ovate teeth : stem with weak prickles. Leaflets of the flowering branches firm, the blades serrate with lanceolate teeth: stem with firm prickles. V. His Plant with slender, prostrate, often Dui ae blades of the leaflets thin, but firm, shining above. VI. Trivi mede m t leaflets of turions ovate, epe or lanceolate, serrate with triangular te eth. ECs usually several-flowered: stems decidedly prickly, but not at all bristly. Inflorescence usually 1-flowered: stems usually bristly as well as prickly. no of the eat ces of turions oval or obovate, doubly toothed with ovate teeth. Leaflets comparatively thin, turions obtuse or acute, Leaflets firm and thick, turions short-acuminate. * R. occidentalis L. Stems arching, 3 m. long or less, tip, glaucous, the prickles somewhat flattened, recurved: 3-foliolate or individually ped 5- ed - late, ne leaflet-blades o , 5—8 © long, double serrate, a lobe d, ae ruptly can (c oe rk-green above, white- tomentose be neath, inded or co ordate at the base: e 3-foli Slate; leaflet-blades similar to those the stem but sm aller: corymbs ovate-lanceolate sepals: fruit hemi- ic, dar lui i and thie various provinces, in Coastal Plain ig wa Ga. to Colo., Minn., and N. B. terminal, re EUN peduncles and pedi- cels prickly, tomentose: petals shorter than E c FT oe e g 15. R. 17. R. 18. R. 19. R. 20. R. often leaves ve Linkiants. . nigrobaccus. . argutus. . floridus. . betulifolius. . canadensis. . Enslenii. . rhodophyllus. . invisus. . Baileyanus. Enslenii. flagellaris. . hispidus. lucidus. trivialis. cont inentalis. rubrisetus rooting at the of the turions ROSACEAE 621 2. R. carolinianus Rydb. Stems erect or ascending, 3 m. long or less, aed bristly and hispid, with most of the bristles gland-tipped: ais ie m E 3—7 -foliolate, un 5-foliolate, deciduous; ]leaflet-blades m te, 5-8 cm. lon ng, long-ae s euh the apex, doubly- bcn. wlabrat ove, densely ome tomentose beneath, rounded or acute at the base: leaves of the floral nee Nos 3- foliolate: leaflet. ‘blades more grea fea those of the stem-leaves: usters and in upper p axils: pedunele aud pe edicels pde els p rum Ra OU Yo long as the ovate sepals: m hemispherie, red: drupelets numerous, Babee: cent. “LE. strigosus (Fl. —(RED-RASPBERRY. WILD RED-RASP- BERRY.)—Thickets and open Sd Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn R. pho a Maxim. Stems 2-2.5 m. long, covered like the branches abov densely white-tomentulose beneat hypanthium densel glandular- -bristly : petals about 1/3 as E as uA linear- Mp ra sepals: fruit ovoid, cherry- red, about 1 cm. broad.—(WINEBERRY. )—Thicket fence- -rows, and roadsides, various provinces, nearly aer E U. S. Nat. of Japan.—Spr. R. cune ifolius ide Stems erect, 0.5—1.5 m deu more or less tomentose, the priekles straight or somewhat recurved: leav ze the turions pedately 3—5-foliolate; leaflet- blades obovate or cuneate ee thick, dark-green aa sparingly pilose e glabrate above, white- tom vu id d finely serrate ex- cept towards the acute or cune ate base : floral bra s 1-3 dm . long: leav p. fololte lenit blades 2-4 em. long, more cun B or cuneate- Rel mbs wered, tomentose and prickly: ais white- an entose Oo t si ‘idee: petals obo orate to elliptic, 8— = mm. long: fruit black, rather d but well- flavored, LER. EDD id, 10— 19 m m. long.—( LATE-BLACKBERRY. girl BERRY. SAND-B y.)—Sa ndy woods, mom sie fields, Coastal Plai and adj. oe: Fla. to La. and Conn.—Two spec of this relationelip have been proposed by Bailey: E. heros ' from pen Fla has fruiting gre ultimately lying on the ground, ian me short-acute leaflets, and flowers on long erect pedicels; AE. probabilis, ranging from Fla. o Md., has BC or ` diffuse fruiting stems with relatively large etiem Aer leaflets a flowers in open corymb-like clusters 5. R. Linkianus Ser RE erect, 1-2 m. tall, finely soft-pubescent, the priek- les flat, more or less : reeurved: leaves of the flo ral branches 3-foliolate or indi- vidually 1- d l rn blades d oval, or obovate, green ud gla abrous above, white-t tulose beneath, rounded or subcordate at the base: flowers in Pone e posu sepals densely white tomentose on both sides: petals obovate, 7-10 mm. long: fruit black.—Woods, roadsides, and waste-places, locally escaped from cult., Fla. to Md. Nativity unknown.—The flowers are frequently double R. nigrobaccus Bailey. Stems erect, 3 m. tall ws hod pen arching, bids and angled, villous when young, the priekles s t, fat, u ually some- urve S0 u abruptly a. doubly serrate’ fora l branches ein desees 3 -foliola ate; leaflet-blades smaller a nd les minate than the others: corymbs raceme- like, somewhat i bd ion cles and pedicels rura and glandular- hispid: petals oval or elliptic, 10-15 mm. long: fruit black, ex ian dn sometimes short, mostly 1-1.5 em. long. [2£. villosus (Chapm F1)]— woods and thickets, various provinces, N. C. to Ark., Ill, and N. 622 ROSACEAE R. argutus Link. shee erect or arching, 2 m. long or less, glabrous, d furrowed, the prickles stout, spreading, flattened: leaves of the turions pedately 5-foliolate, "ae: iduous; "le aflet-blades ovate, 3 g, acuminate, bly serrate dark-g above, softly and rather densely us t 7 nded or subcordate at the base: floral branches 1-2 dm. lo ong, densely villous and rarely slightly glandu- d den - is or some of the upper ones 1-foliolate; leaflet-blades ovate val: s few-flowered, short and represented by single flowers in the d iat exils- peduneles an nd T a eae ey and with curved prickles: petals orbicular to oval, about long, much exceeding the sepals: fruit slightly elongate, 10-12 mm. tae ea ee Thiekets and woods, various provinces, N. C. to La., Kans., and N. S.—A dni plant from Buncombe Co., N. C., with 5- -foliolate leaves on n the turions, and firm leaflets with em coarsely fog lied blades, has been described as A. Crux Ast he. Another from Tallahassee, Fla., with erect or ascending inflores- cence- branches, M ad of spreading, has been described as RE. tallahasseanus Bailey. R. ostryifolius Rydb. may be a hybrid between E. argutus x Ensleni. 8. R. floridus Tratt. m erect, 2-5 m ,iigh, or the MAE decumbent, more or less angled, the prickles stout, flat, strongly curved: leaves of the turions 3- 5-foli olate: pm and petiolu olu les pilose nd sparingly prickly: xs blades cg de -lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-10 em. long, sparingly pubescent above, pale and more densely puberulent iur but in age nearly bu except t the ME sharply double-serrate: floral branches Bo leaves 3-foliolate or the upper unifoliolate; leaflet-blades smaller more gla abrate, elliptic to rhombic-oval: corymbs rather few-flowered, re less lea afy; in ie and Dis deme pubescent, Ep p with ni ed glands, but not d petals n obovate, 1 ong: fruit thimble- bec e about 1 em. long, bla ck.—Pinelands and fields, qu Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Va. ee. frondosa Bigel. with nearly terete siraighi prickles and broadly odas leaflets, appears not to range south of Va. . R. usce ea pois: o angled, = prickles recurved and strongly flattened, er ved-spreading: leaves of the turions 5-folio- late; lea T blades elliptic. deu. evenly serr ae thin, glabrous on bo sides: one Pii p Re and m idveins with very flat recurved prickles, gla- brous nea flowering e -2 dm. long, wi j ve e Ses 3. folielete, ped blades oval or elliptie, thin, glabrous, evenly serrate, shining above: corymbs somewhat leafy-bracted below, sparingly Pm and armed with recurved prickles: petals elliptic. -obovate, aan long: fruit rounded or slightly elongate, black—Swamps and wet ee oods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ill., and Va.—A peer boe. from Uceta, Fla. with the blades of the leaflets of the turions very broad, that of the terminal one cordate or subeordate, has been described as R. ucetanus Bailey. 10. R. canadensis L. Stems erect or arching, 4 long or less, glabrous, with rounded angles and furrows, unarmed or with feu straight weak prickles: leaves of the aay Bus ely 5- folioate, decidu ie Rana blades ovate to db mostly 6—15 em. long, abruptly long-acum , thin, RF rply serrate, glabrous or with Aes seated hairs above, spem Or £ pubescen on veins beneath, rounded or subcordate at ips base: floral bra pea ually 3- foliolate leaves lea fet- blades oval or nearly so, mostly "m em. ia ; raceme several-flow red, terminal, often le ae below: peduncles and pedicels pilose or villous: pet tals oval, 10— 15 m mm. long: fr uat ues a 1-1.5 em. long, black. is Millspaughii pum D ESS-BI )—Woods and cliffs, Blue inees, N. C. to Mich à per Ne wf.—R. Randti (Bailey) Byab,, pete en p nd stems, is not definitely known from our range. E —- —— Pe ur E ROSACEAE 623 11. R. rhodophyllus Rydb. Stems decumbent, Fara pubescent or in age rouge the B diio flattened only at the base; Ls of the turions not s flowering brane 1 dm. long or less, villous: leaves 3-foliolate; leaflet. blades broadly cae or ovate finely and simply serrate with h broad boe ips teeth, elosely pee tag epee beneath, sparingly hairy or glabrate orymb ’ few -flow sepa vate, mucronate, villous or tomentose tomentulose within : Pa obovate, 10-12 mm. long.—Dry wo ods and folds een Plain, E Fla. to S Mis 12. R. invisus pen, Britton. Stems decumbent or ascending, 1-2 m. long or less, glabrous, terete, the priekles weak and straight: leaves of the o pedately 5-foliolate; blades of b: leaflets ovate to orbieular-ovate, 4—10 long, abruptly short- -acuminate, thin, glabrous or e ngly pubescent on both us eoarsely and rather evenly ae D nded o der ds at the base, or those of the narrower lateral leaflets acute at the bas : floral branehes 1. 5-2.5 dm. Tor ng; leaves 3-foliolate or individua ally 1 fools: leaflet-blades ovate or oval: shee solita ry in the upper axils or 1, 2, or 3 together at the ends of the bran peduncles and pedicels villous and more or less glandular- hispid: A elliptic, 1-1.5 em. long: fruits hemispheric, 1.5-2 cm. in diameter, black.—Open woods, ener and clearings, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Ont. and Con 13. R. ieri uad pud Stems decumbent, trailing, 1—2 ^n long, gla- brous, sparingly armed wi mall, reeurved prickles: leaves of the turions 3-foliolate, or rarely 5- foliolate, deciduous: leaflet- blades softly pubescent, S ering br es 3-foliol wi al ovate, doub oothed, and some- what lobed blades, or 1-foliolate and with an orbicular-ovate or cordate often 3-lobed blade: flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, one, or e- i 2 or 3 t n f the branches, the peduncles inu pilose: petals elliptic, 10-14 mm. long: fruit he emispheric, black, 10-15 mm. in diameter, the dru upelets glabrous —Hillsides and thickets, various provinces N of Coastal ain, N. kla., Kans., Ont., and Mass.—RA. roribaccus Rydb. appears to be a hybrid between R. [X Das flagellaris. 14, R. Enslenii Tratt. Stems glabrous, ultimately prostrate or ascending, 1.5 m. long or less, sparingly pod uM -priekly: leaves of the turions 3-foliolate: leaflet-bla E glabrous or n ly pubescent on the veins, pe ciliate, mem- rh o ser of the flowering pesa e 3. ‘foliolate, with ades similar to thos of the other leaves but smaller and relatively broade er or l-foliolate: flowers mostly solitary at the ends of the branches: pedicels glabrous or nearly so: petals elliptic. -obovate, 12-18 ae long: fr uit hemispheric, black. Rage soil, ~ Plain extend- ing into adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and M related plant, from ` the Eom s of N. C. wi ith tel turions, petiol es, and ‘pedicels oe stalked glands and two kinds of pc kles on rions, has been described as R. she. R. " 5 i j relationship, is described as being 2—4 m. tall and growing in dense clumps, the stems glabrous, the leaflets rough- -pubescent beneath, the racemes 4-8- flowered. 15. R. flagellaris Willd. Stem prostrate, often greatly Ed En with seattered, rather weak, recurved priekles: leaves of the tur 8—5-folio Jate; leaflet- bla des pubescent on both sides, often only on the ram benea th, ay apr angry: broadly ovate or rhombic- M eoarsely doubly se (io h Í pains g branches 3-foliolate with blades usually obovate oblanceolate: flow Sip eue n the upper axils or rarely 2—4 together; pedicels sparingly villous: qe elliptie-obovate, 10-15 mm. long: fruit hemispheric 624 ROSACEAE to conic, black. [R. canadensis (Chapm. Fl.) E. procumbens (Fl. SE. U. S.) E subunifforus Rydb. T s o ‘hillsides and old fields, various provinces, Ala. to Mo., Minn., and Me.; reported also from Fla. 16. R. hispidus L. Stems prostrate and trailing, 2 m. long or less slender, gla abrous, re trorsely bristly: leaves of the turions 3 oh or rarely pedately 5-foliolate, persistent; leaflet-blades broadly ovate to rhombic-obovate, thickish, inate, S een ini mostly ae or abrupt hort-acumi glabrous, dark- n g bove, coarsely doubly serrate with n eeth oral branches erect, their leaves 3-foliolate or individually 1-foliolate: leaflet-blades obovate, usu- ally rounded e apex: flowers few together at the e of the branches and lose-puberulent and bristly or unarmed : petals pud abou fruit globular or irregular, 1 E in diameter or less, ies ed Or vei the drupelets few.—(SWAMP- DEWBER cr —Low woods and meadows, often in aeid soil, various provinces, Ga. to Mich. and N. S. : ers few togeth d sometimes 1 or 2 in the upper leaf-axils: peduncles and dia ded bd long: E. lucidus Rydb. Stems trailing, 1-2 m. long, terete, rather slender, the mriekles recurved, flattened: leaves of the turions mostly 5- foliola te, persistent, somewhat leathery in age; leaflet-blades lanceolate, acute, g abrous on both ides, reg ini nehes 1-2 dm. : leaves 3-foliolate; leaflet-blades a flowers in term 2—6- foes corymbs: ns F 225 sparingly pubescent and decidedly doe petals obovate, 12-1 Ns fruit e rather dry. [R. per Rydb. ]—Open dern Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S 18. R. trivialis Meses Stems prostrate and trailing, 5-20 dm. long, slender, terete, m or hispid and with small, slightly flattened prickles: leaves of the turions “5. 5 foliolate, persistent; leaflet-blades glabrous, subcoriaceous, x ve, an maller, more elliptic oval, rounded, obtuse, o oi aeu owers (ean 1, mostly PAM pe edun eles 2-5 e . long, Aus Or pe p Ne and prickly: aoe white, obovate, 10-15 mm. LU fruit usually ellipsoid, black, 10-15 mm. long.—(SoUTHERN-DEWBERRY.)—Thickets, open woods, pus pus Coastal | Plain, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and Va.—An infusion made from t erb- age is used by the Seminoles in cases of stomach trouble.—4A segregate oe this species, E. mississippianus Bailey, from the coastal region of Mississippi, has narrower leaflets on i turions, the blades being mostly elliptic p elliptic- lanceolate and acumin 19. R. continentalis (Focke) Bailey. Stems Hes or perennial, 2 m. long or less, procumbent or trailing, bristly and armed with small, flat, recurved pr riekles: leaves of the turions or trailing jm. 5-foliolate; blades thin, elliptie iube ba glabrous, doubly serrate with rather ere teeth, acute obtuse at both ends: leaves of the prickle-armed flowering branches 5- foliolate below, 3- foliola te Aa wars relatively broader rues those of the m-lea wers solitary at the ends of the branches: pedicels slightly prr dis and ar Bn: with weak, flat, recurved prickles: peta white, oval, about 1 cm. long: fruit ee somewhat elongate, 1-2 cm. long. [R. carpinifolius Rydb. not Weihe & Nees.]—River E bottom lands = rshes, Coastal Plain and foe D once » Okla. e shore O stalked on eane-like, foliose ee and leaves with very broad cordate or sub- ay post pe ally undivided d has Pus deseribed a n Kd A is nts differing from R. and R. T devoid ur s but with flat- based pret have ieu ded by \ ROSACEAE 625 ailey: R. ictus, ranging from ipd in Miss., pe og p on weakly armed pedicels and narrow leaflets o e young s ; R. mirus, from Fla. has Ma large flowers on stout- imd End ds oe browd leaflets on the new shoo g stem and Mi ie oval, obovate or lan en glabrous except the veins beneath; acute at the base, short ununi the apex, irregularly serrate: leaves of the flowering bran hes = 5-fo PEE p more obtuse than those of the turions; flowers 3—7 in small 1 corymbs, e pus iae below: pedun cles um pr els pend rbristiy and sometim mall prickles, both prickles and bristles red; sepals t pea PIOS P "both s As Dig. short- acuminate with subulate tips: petals white, oval, . long: fruit 1.5-2 cm. long, ellipsoid, very sweet t and juicy, the dru aati putei d —River banks, ditches, marshes and lowlands, Coastal Plain, La. to Mo. 23. NEVIUSIA A. Gray. Shrubs. Leaf-blades simple, toothed. Flowers id. Sepal many, borne in open cymes. Calyx corolloid. epals 5, whitish, toothed, much larger than the attis a a A Petals wanting. Stamens numerous; fila- ments white, mos id 2-4, the bodies pubescent: style elongate: stigma inute, introrse. Achene drupe-like.—One ain alabamensis A. Gray. Stems and vtae 6-15 dm. tall: ied Aures Tiris to e or som rhombic 2-7 e ong, doubly iis: eae elliptic to SR 8-12 mm. long, incised-serrate above the middle: achenes ovoid, 4—5 mm. long.—(SNOW-WREA ime- stone cliffs, AL nod "Valley and Plateau, —Spr. Ala.—Spr ; RIA DC. Shrubs. Leaf-blades simple, toothed, often somewhat incised. Flowers solitary or several together. Hypanthium hemispheric. Calyx herbaceous: sepals 5, broad, not toothed. Petals 5, yellow. Stamens nu- merous. Pasa els 4—6, the bodies glabrous: style stigma inute. Achene drupe-like, p p: Or om solitary, very turgid.—One species. ponica DC. Stem and branches e cent: Ro elliptie to ovate or obovate, becoming 9-11 em. long, erose at the apex: petals yellow, ovate to orbicular-ovate or suborbicular, 20-28 mm. long: achene obliquely ero 4.5-5.5 mm. ae (Gron. -FLOWER. JAPANESE- — —Roa ides and f ern id fa) is the double- fiewered form 40 626 ROSACEAE 25. ROSA [Tourn.] L. Prickly ipie sometimes vine-like. Leaf ad hium en ined pinnate. Flowers solitary or orymbs, often showy. Hypan urceolat fare ore or less AMEN Petals 5, broad. Stamens many. Achenes mes nelosed in the pulpy hypanthium. Many species, nur more than 100, wi widely nnd in the Northern Hemisphere.—Spr.-sum.—Ros —The following treatment is based on that of Per Axel Rydberg in ed American Flora. Styles much exserted,.united, about equalling the stamens: stipules di sepals reflexed. I. SYNSTYLAE. Styles not exserted or only slightly so; stigmas s aggregated into a head which closes the mouth of the hypanthium. Stipules almost eee from the petiole: naturalized climbing or trailing Leaflets 3-5 : brin ies glabrous: stipules small, entire. II. LAEVIGATAE. Leaflets 5-9 : branches eee stipules pectinate, III. BRACTEATAE. Stipules noe ate to the petiole: erect, or rarely climbing plants Achenes "borne both in the inner walls and in the bot- tom of the hypanthium which is elabrous or glandu- Ene only at the base: prickles rarely infra- sti IV. CANINAE. Achenes. Dorie in the bottom of the glandular-hispid : hypanthium: vans Ded. Den borne on the stem, the shoots usually bri V. CAROLINAE. a SYNSTYLAE Stipules pectinate. 1. R. multiflora. Stipules entire or denticulate. Leaves of the flowering branches with 5-7 leaflets : petals ite. 2. R. moschata. Leaves of the flo owering branches with 3, or rarely 5, leaf- lets : petals pink. Blades of the Taa glabrous or slightly pubescent on the veins beneath, dark-green and shining above. 3. R. setigera. Blades ds the leaflets velutinous beneath, rather dull abov 4, R. rubifolia. II. LAEVIGATAE Eo narrowed at the apex: hypanthium and fruit bris 5. R. laevigata. III. BRACTEATA Leaflet-blades rounded at the apex: hypanthium i fruit pu- berulent. 6. R. bracteata. IV. CANINAE Leaflets glandular-pruinose beneath: blades manifestly doubly serrate with gland-tipped teeth. Stem with straight or eh straight prickles. T. R. tomentosa. Stem with strongly curved prickles "Blades of the leaflets “suborbicular to broadly oval, mostly rounded at the x: mature hypanthium obo- void or broadly ellipsoid, eae contracted at the apex: sepals pem denas or somewhat per- sistent: styles pubes 8. R. rubiginosa. Blades of the leaflets pesos acute or short-acuminate : mature hypanthium narrowly ellipsoid, ee at bot d ends: sepals rather early deciduous: styles gla- brous or nearly so. 9. R. micrantha. Leaflets Bob aa Bence tis blades singly serrate or some- what doubly serrate. 10. R. canina. V. CAROLINAE Infrastipular prickles decidedly curved. Blades of the leaflets finely serrulate, elliptic or oblanceo- late: prickles short and stout. : M is: uu 7: flowers usually corymbose on erect bran mature hypanthium about 12 mm. thick. 11. R. palustris. get d on spreading branches: mature hypanthium 8- d i 12. R. floridana. Blades of "the aflets coarsely serraté, oval or obovate. 13. R. virginiana. Infrastipular prickles straight or nearly so. ROSACEAE 627 Blades of the leaflets membra Blades of the ee erenate, "rounded at the apex : flow- ers corymbose ms epu or oe so. 14. R. obtusiuscula. Blades of the leaflets TS cute or acuminate. Blades of the leaflets shining bore. flowers usually corymbose: prickles stout and flattened at the 13. R. virginiana. Blades of the leaflets not shining: flowers usually solitary, or es ry a few together: prickles Blades of the leaflets manifestly pubescent be- a T rd eu eath. . Lyoni. eee be the leaflets EU or pubescent only he veins benea Leaflets with Sadie ‘teeth. 16. R. carolina. MUT with glandular teeth: rachis usually ular. 17. R. serrulata. Blades of the leaflets subcoriaceous. 18. R. lancifolia. 1. R. ltiflora Thunb. Stem m. tall, climbing, reddish, the prickles mostly a. o e ‘fattened’ leaflets 5-9, deciduous; blades obovate or ee , 2-3.5 em. lo ong, o e or acute, sharply serrate, dull above, is sh- Of green pus softly Ani petiolulate: b flowers in pyramidal corymbs, often many peer ovate-lanceolate, 12— mm. long, short- acuminate or with lanceolate appendages, densely-pubescent, the outer often lobed, in it reflexed and deci m. ma igo to ellipsoid, pubescent.—(JAPAN- ESE-ROSE. )—Thickets and roadsides, various provinces, Ala. to Md. Nat. of E Asia.— (C. A.) . R. moschata Mill Stem several m. long, sarmentose or climbing, the prickles scattered, somewhat curved, rather stro ong: leaf- dore EE glandular: leaflets 5—7; blades oval, elliptic, or lanceolate- elliptic, 1.5-7 em. long, more or less acuminate, say e -serrate, bos y pubescent and ae ben ath, more or js persistent: flow orym : pedicels more or less E hispid: sepals narrowly CEN C imus caudate- attenuate, 15-20 mm. long, glandular and pubescent without, tomentose ithin, soon reflexed and in fruit PA the outer PE lobed: petals 1 p mm. lon nd glandular.—(MUSK-ROSE.)—Roadsides, waste-places, id about gardens, Coastal Plain, Ala. Nat. of S Asia.—(W. I.) 3. R. setigera Miehx. Stems 2-5 m. long, eain E bo Rene beg eurved, flattened: leaflets 3, or on the shoots so es 5, the median long- petiolulate, the lateral ones KETA ins res s quud Or rarely ovate, 4-9 cm. long, dark-green, glabrous and shin ing above, pale and glabrous me jeath: flowers ue epe ‘glandular-hispid: sepals glandu- lar-hispid on the back: petals 2-3 c ong, pink: mature hypanthium globose to broadly ellipsoid, more or n pen. hispid.— rA -ROSE.) — Thickets, low-grounds, and woods, various provinces, N Fla. to Kans., Ky., and N. C.; also E E further N E 4. R. rubifolia R. Br. Stems 2—4 m. long, climbing, glabrous, the prickles curved, flattened, scattered: eaf rachis glandular and sometimes ee eafle ely 5; S at g abruptly acuminate, serrate with gland-tipped teeth, glabrous and he: aul above, pale and densely short-villous, almost velutinous beneath: flower 628 ROSACEAE corymbose: pedicels glandular-hispid: i pee Man pus e long, hri acuminate, glandular as well as pubescent on : petals 1.5-2.5 ong, pink: mature hypanthium globose or iu a *llipsoi, glandular hispid purple.—Woods, thickets, and fence-rows, various prov N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Wis., and Ont.—Specimens of a PR a of the group INDICAE, with di stinet exsert ted syles, have ida collected at Mobile, Ala. The plant has small obtuse leaflets and small flow R. laevigata Michx. Stems 2-5 long or more, oe climbing, the dm stout, recurved, more or pes flattened, rarely with some intermixed bristles: leaflets 3 or rarely 5; blades lanceolate or epe, rape E but sharply serrate, evergreen, subcoriaceous, glabrous, dark-green and ig BÉ e, paler and retieulate beneath, petioluled: flower rs solita i edun d hy- pe panthium strongly ^ e sepals often more - less HN cen. ‘eae cuneate-obcordate, 3—4 cm. long, white or rarely pink: mature hypanthium pyriform, bristly, 3.5-4 em. lon KR. cherokeensis Donn.]— (CHEROKEE-ROSE.) —W oods, roadsides, and thickets, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. Nat. of China.— —(W. I.) 6. R. br priae Wendl. Stems greatly elongate, usually decumbent or sar- mentose, the prickles usually pa aired, stout, recurved: leaflets eo pd pu e mi eath, reen and shining above, paler beneath, obov val, finely serrulate, end i w to me on both sides: petals white or pink. about 3 cm. long, dee ceply E eee nypan nthium Bids ; 2 em. long, densely tomentose.— (Mac- HEDG E.)—Pine woods, iud and thickets, Coastal Plain, Tla. to Tex. and Va. Nat. of China — (F. I -) R. tomentosa Smith. Stems 2 m. tall or less, often with elongate drooping e s, the priekles straight or nearly straight, often paired, some flattened toward the base: e rachis villous and dlandular-hispid sometimes prickly: leaflets 5-9; blades oval or ovate, 2—4 em. long, acute or short- acuminate at the apex, a. at the base, more or less doubly serrate, finely appressed-pubescent above, villous and glandular-pruinose beneath: flowers solitary = few together: pedicels often glandular-hispid: sepals lanceolate, the about 2 em. long, glandular on the margins and on t ack, odds usually more or Jess lobed, tardily UE before the ripening of the fruit: petals ES "ie m. long, pale-pink: mature hypanthium globose or DRE ellipsoid, m. long, often glandular hispid at the base.—Rieh soil and thickets, ear Plain, N. C. and Tex. Nat. of Eu. R. rubiginosa L. Stems 2 m. tall or more, climbing or reclining, t adco oe flattened, curved, sometimes accompanied by bristles: eat rachis glandul ae and prickly; leaflets 5—7; blades suborbicular broadly oval, 1-3 e . long, rounded at both ends or acutish at the apex, 1-3 em. long, doubly eso with gland-tipped teeth, densely glandular-pruinose beneath: flowers 1—4 together, P oA foliaceous bracts: pedicels glandu- lar-hispid: sepals lanceolate, ong, caudate-attenuate, ultimately spreading, tardily decidu ous: reg right-ink, 1.5-2 em. long: mature ypanthium pyriform or ellipsoid, 12-15 mm. long, orange or scarlet, often Ga. to Ont, and N. S. Nat. of Eu.—The bruised leaves give off the fragrance of ripe apples. | R. micrantha Smit h. Stems 4 m. long or less, climbing or reclining, the prickles uniform, hooked, flattened: leaf-rachis pubescent and glandular- ROSACEAE 629 E rarely prickly: leaflets te Riu pcd ovate, = em. long, rounded at the base, short-acuminate apex or less pubescent on both ee pa den rid ae ae ben ath, Aon ub s errate wit gland- tipped teeth: flowers 1—4 together: enia ‘glandular hispid, 1-2 em. lon sepals EE “eaudate-attenuate, 12-18 mm. long, glandular-hispid on the back, tomentose within, mo r less lobed: pe etals 10-15 mm. long, pi mature hypanthium aoa ellipsoid 15-20 mm. long, tapering at is h ends, glabrous.—Roadsides, banks, and open woods, various provinces, S. C. to Tex and Mass.; also Wash. and Ore. Nat. Eu. 10. R. Pos anina L. Stems erect, 2-3 m. tall, upright, terete, the prickles ae form, stout, curved, flattened: leaf- Po often gla nel -hispid, otherwi SD ; leaflets 5- 7; blades oval o ate, 1—4 em. long, acute, glabrous both sides, shining above, n not at al T beneath exeept rarely so on mi i le : to lobes, in fruit reflexed and deciduous: petals about 2 em. long, pink: matu hypanthium ellipsoid, 16-20 m en, acute at both ends, glabrous, orange, red, or scarlet.— (Doa-ROSE Do -BRIER. BRAMBLE-ROSE.)— Waste places, hill- sides, and woods, various provinces, Tenn. to D. C. and Mass. Nat. of Eu. 11. R. palustris Marsh. Stems erect, 0.3-2 m. tall, sometimes reddish, gla- brous, the priekles strong, but rather shor rt, ati, usuall y paired, flattened at the base: leaf-rachis pubescent, rarely prickly, not glandular or rarely slightly so: leaflets 7, rarely 9; blades lanceolate- “elliptic, or oblanceolate on vigorous shoots, sometimes elliptic, usually acute at both oe —6 em. long, finely and closely serrulate, with simple non-glandular teeth, dull, dark- -green, glabrous or finel nearly so above, paler and more or less finely appressed-puberulent beneath, at least on the veins, short-petioluled flowers usually eor ymbose, sometimes soli- tary: pedicels short, usu Sa glandular-hispid: ue rrowly oe eaudate-attenuate, 2— 2.5 e m. long, sometimes lien are tips, glandula hispid on the back, tomentose within and on the iad ree reflexed spre ading after anthesis, soon deciduous: petals pink, 1.5- 2c long: mature hypanthium subglobose or somew what a sed, o 12 m Ep] i usually due at the bas [R. Pa 1762. Not 1753. ap hears uum Swamps and low ums various Ee in Fla. to Miss. Minn., oridana Rydb. S l m. tall or less, with spreading branches, y vate, em. a nd, fine serrulate, with simple, pi neni teeth, dull a n dark- bii and glabrous above, somewhat paler and usually glabrous beneath: flowers usually o rarely in pairs: pedicels e glandular: ari linear- Duci c audate- attenuate, 2-2.5 cm. long, glandular- hispid on the back, tomen RN p the margins, reflexed after anthesis and soon deciduous: ner bo dis 1.5-2 cm. long, pink: mature hil ge o se or somewhat depressed, glandular- hispid, 8-9 m thiek.—Open woods, low-ground, and river-banks, Coastal Plain, E Fla. to N. C. 13. R. virginiana Mil. Stems 2 m. tall or less, glabrous or bristly on the shoots, the priekles stout and straight or slightly eurved but often somewhat reflexed, decidedly flattened: leaflets 7-9; blades lanceolate-elliptic, 2-6 cm ee Du T ongly ascending teeth: flowers corymbose, rarely solitary: hypanthium E hispid: sepals narrowly a. 2-9. 9 em. long, eaudate-attenuate, 630 | ROSACEAE after anthesis reflexed and deciduous: petals pink, 2-3 dm. long: mature A n depressed- i: 1-1.5 em. long.—Moist thickets, low eee. Ne shores, and swamp-margin vari ous provinces, Ala. to Ark., Ont nd Ya. 4. R. obtusiuscula Rydb. Stems about 1 m. tall, dark-brown, practically unarmed: le ph rachis sparingly pubescent, unarmed: leaflets 5 7; blades ee 1-4 em. long, rounded at the apex, crenate, dark-green, glabrous on both sides or “sparingly pubescent beneath: flowers 1-4 together: pedicels id o glandular: sepals lanceolate, caudate-attenuate, 1.5-2 cm. long, rather copiously a hispid, spreading and at last deciduou Roue "enn um depressed-globose, 8-10 mm. long, p d glandular hispid.—Wooded slopes ad river-banks, Appalachian Valley, T 15. R. Lyoni Pursh. Stems 3-15 dm. tall, glabrous, more or less bristly, i aaa on the young shoots, the prickles infrastipular, spreading, usually r and e, or rarely stouter and then slightly flattened below: leaf- ue villous, sometimes p or glandular-dentate: leaflets 5- 2 bos es oval to Vu p qiue 1.5-5 e ong, usually acute at both ends arely obtuse at the apex, regula rly ei the a ones short- ‘petiolaled, oed thin and en, Speringly pubeseent or glabrate above, deeidedly villous ui neath: flow and corymbose or so e pedicels glandular- s sepal lanceolate, caudate acuminate 1.5-2 long, glandular-hispid on the ba e tomentose within, Da them ud with linear or subulate lobes, after A eflexed a ds deciduous: petals a 2-2.5 em. long: nya anu Uu. dente globose, 8-10 m m. long, more or less BR edi hispid or rarely glabrous.—Woods and , prairies various provinces N Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ark., Kans., Minn., and N. Y. 16. R. ra ii Stems 3-10 dm. tall, slender, glabrous, usually very bristly when young, t P gis straight, paired, d infrastipular: leaf- raehis sparin Es pubesee r gla e s, rarely wi a few priekles: leaflets usually 5, rarely 7; bl s ae Jon el ipti o or * laneeolate elliptic, aie) oval, or oblanceolate, glabrous, but not Mad shining abov ually somewhat paler and pubesce the or glabrate beneath, B ae en regulari serrate with as ous pod eee acute at both ends or obtuse at e -petiolulate: dd. usually b pedieels o hispid: us lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, lon ng, i usually y glandular on the RES to mentos se within, all or i: aes the outer ones with linear or subulate chee reflexed after anthesis a nd soon deciduous: petals pink, 2—2.5 em. long: mature hypanthium To or a little depressed, about 8 mm. long, cones ular- hispid. [R. hum Marsh.]—(Low-ROSE. WILD-ROSE. CAROLINA-ROSE PASTURE- m s woods, Tw thickets, and rocky soil, various prov- inces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Min and N. S. 17. R. serrulata Raf. Stems 3-10 dm. long, glabrous, but bristly, especially- n the young shoots, the prickles slender, infrastipular, straight, terete: leaf- id, otherwi abrous or nearly lea u be dentieulate or glandular-ciliate: flowers solitary: pedicels E or less glandu- lar-hispid: sepals lan Prae gla aped du PM n the back, tomentose within, caudate-acuminate, 2-2. long, s of mom usually vith as or e ‘appendages, after ilc Ens nd soon deciduou are Beni 1, hypanthium globose or slightly depressed, 10-15 mm. ong: broad pander hispid —Ro adsides and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to , Ont and Mass.—( Mez.) CALYCANTHACEAE 631 18. R. lancifolia ee Stems 1-2 m. tall, gray, the prickles stout, straight, only slightly flattened: leaf-rachis alae strigose: leaflets 3-7; blades laneeolate or clliptie. -aneeolate, 2-6 long, acute, subcoriaceous, o er ij -serrulate, glabrous, somewhat- "inus above, sessile: scis. orymbos pedieels short, glabrous or imd glandular: sepals na im slate, caudate-attenuate, about 2 em. long, often w ith a des abuse a urs landular-hispid on the ps petals pink, 1.5-2 ¢ m. long: mature hypanthiu somewhat enge e globose, in fruit 8-10 mm. thick. —Margins of cypress swamps, pen Famity 13. CALYCANTHACEAE — SrRAWBERRY-SHRUB FAMILY hrubs or trees, with an aromatic bark. Leaves opposite: puc usually entire: stipules wanting. Flowers perfect, terminal. Calyx and corolla of several sepals and petals each, borne on the edge of the bo thium. Androecium of many stamens 1 e inner redueed to staminodia. um. Fruit consisting of several achenes enclosed in the capsule-like hypanthium. —Two genera and 6 species, North American and Asiatic. . CALYC HUS Shrubs with opposite branches. Flowers often ou cented, the — wholly or mainly, dull purple. Mature hypanthium nodding. [Butneria Duham.]—Five species, the following and on Californian, —CAROLINA-ALLSPICES. SWEET-SHRUBS. BUBBY-SHRUBS. Leaf-blades not tomentose beneath. wer surface of the leaf- blades pln not glaucous. 1. C. nanus. Lower surface of the enr blades glau 2. C. fertilis. Leaf-blades tomentose beneath : Blades of an ovate type ; obtuse or subcordate at the base 1 C. Mohrii. Blades of an elliptic or oval type, acute or acuminate at ihe base. . C. floridus. 1. C. nanus (Loisel) Small. Shrub 1-3 m. tall: leaf-blades deep-green and seabrous pd slightly paler-green beneath: sepals and petals linear or linear- pu eed 10-12 mm. long. [C. laevi- s Wi iai —Woodlands and banks, Ap- nud dada extending into adj. prov- inees, Ga. to d Pa. 2. C. fertilis Pin Shrub 1-3 m. tall: leaf-blades bright-green and seabrous above, adr hypanthium gla seed 12-14 m ong. [C. glaucus Willd.) —Woods and ge E POS and Ap- palachian provinces, Ga. to Ala., Ky., and Va. Moh Small. Shrub 1-2 m. t o blades 6-20 em. long, somewhat toothed: sepals and petals broadly linear to linear- rm late, 2-3 em. long: mature hypanthium not seen.—RHocky soil, AD d uid Plateau, Ga., Alaa adi Tenn. 4. C. floridus L. Shrub 0.5-3 m. tall: leaf- 2 4—14 em. long, entire: sepals and iar mostly m or nearly so, pm m. long: mature hypanthium finely tomentose. — (SHR STRAWBERRY- BUREY -BLOSSOMS.) — Rich’ woods, hillsides, and stream- vi Coastal Plain "and Piedmont, rarely extend- ing into other provinces, Fla. to Miss. and Va.—Frequently cult. even north- ward of its natural range as an e M —Spr. 632 MALACEAE Faminy 14. MALACEAE — APPLE FAMILY Trees o Leaves alternate: blades simple and pinnately veined, or eel compound. owers perfect, regular. ypanthium adnate the ovary. Calyx b mostly 5 sepals. Corolla of mostly 5 petals. Androecium of numerous, or rarel w, stamen E Gynoecium o wholly or partially united carpels, or rareiy of 1 carpel. Fruit a pome. About 20 genera and 500 species of wide peas ti Ceiba on. Endocarp of the mature carpels papery or thin coriaceous. . MALEAE. Endocarp of the mature carpels bony, distinct or coherent. Il. CRATAEGEAE. I. MALEAE Leaf-blades pinnately compoun 1. SORBUS. Lea s simple, entire, oond, or lobed. Cavities of the ovary (carpels) as mn as the styles. ne simple; pom ells: hypanthium-orifice nearly closed by a anm 2. PYRUS. Boma depress , not dilated upward ; esh without grit-cells: hypanthium-orifice o 3. MA Cyme Combo dnd? pome small, ber ry-like. 4. ARON Cavities of the ovary becoming twice as many as the styles. 5. ANC HIER I. ATAEGEAE Ovules solitary in each carpel, or, if 2, dissimilar. 6. CRATAEGUS. Ovules 2 in each carpel, alike. 7. COTONEASTER. . SORBUS [Tourn.] L. Leaf-blades pinnate: leaflets toothed. Cyme compound, flat-topped. Hypanthium urceolate, not bracteolate. Corolla white. Pome berry-like, bright-colored, per- sistent.—About 10 species, natives of the north temperate zone 1. S. americana Marsh. Small tree, with smooth bark: leaflets 11-17; blades lanceo- late, acuminate, glabrous or slightly pubes- em. long, sharply ent when young, 3.5—10 long, s serrate with mucronate teeth: cymes 8-15 em rolla ereamy wh 4—6 te 4 TAIN-ASH.)—Rocky woods and X s e N yw in acid soil, Blue Ridge and m Pro inces, N. C. to Tenn., Man, and Newf SE S [Tou L. Leaf-blades simple, usually toothed. Cym n.] me staple Ga d. Pome usually tapering to the base.—About 12 species, natives of the Old. World. t T \ s L. Tree, usually thorny: ‘caf blades € unl woe A obovate, slen- PS Nos der, petioled, 3-8 em. long, glabrous or : PU nearly so in age, acute or acuminate: cyme oe ere Ss els 1.8-5 cm d icels 1. : long: sepals about as long as the hypan- thium: iis creamy white, about 2.5 cm. broad: pome, in the wild form, seldom over 9 em. long, in the numerous cultivated forms oen much pomi (PEAR R.)— Woods, thick- ets, and roadsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and Me. Nat. of the Old World = E and cult. MALACEAE 633 3. MALUS Mill. Leaf-blades simple, toothed or lobed. Cymes simple. Corolla pink or white. Pome depressed at both ends — 15 na: natives of north temperate regions.—Spr.—APPLES. CRAB-APPLES.—Sometim planted for ornament. The aio is used for tool-handles oer oiner mni objects. The fruits are used for preserves. Leaves glabrous, at least when mature Blades of the yid e flowering branches acute or acuminate. Flowering bran earing leaves with lobed or incisely serrate blades; leaves of ons shoots with prominently lobed blades Leaf-blades rounded o pore at the base, with the inne pair of veins ue of the BUE. Tave glaucescent beneath, thickis 5 M. glaucescens. Bla des of the mature leaves green beneath, thin. - . M. coronaria. Leaf blades subeordate at the base, with the lowest pair of ee at a base of the blade. 3. M. glabrata. Flowering pran hes bearing leaves with serrate blades ; lea Me of. vigor TOUS. shoots "with shallowly lobed E M of an ovate or oval type: pome much de- esse platycarpa. lancifolia. 4. M. PE = a ge pater type: pome subglobose. 5. M. 6. M. angustifolia. 7 M. 8. M. Er d the leaves on flowering branches obtuse or merely acutis Leaves So pranm y pubescent beneath. lades obtuse or acute at the base: sepals glabrous. Pe E Leaf-blades rounded or cordate at the base: sepals pubescent. Mal : pen A arég idi Rehder. Tree up to 45 m ] with a trunk less than in diameter, or frequently a gregarious pos the branches stiff, terni E ing an irregular head, Legen: ts red-br i ay-brown: ea ed, 2.5—5 em. br ad pome 3-3.5 em. in diameter, greenish-yellow, fragrant — Open woods and thickets, various provinces, Als. to Ohio and Ont. 2. M. coronaria (L.) Mill. Tree, some- times reaching a height of 9 m. the trunk m. in diameter, ud stout spreadi anches forming a wide head, uu branehlets becoming red-brown: leaf- blades ate to oval, 5—7.5 em. greeter arply sérrate and a somewhat lobed, acute or acutish at the apex, rounded or truncate at the base: es 3—6-flowered : flowers very i dar D d ice - 3.5-5 em. long, glabrous: UTE deep- pink 3—4 cm. broad: pom in diameter, greenish-yellow, fragran [M. coronaria T Hebdo. ]- —Phickets and woods, various provinees, N. C. to Mo. and Ont. 3. M. glabrata Rehder. Tree up to 8 m. tall, the trunk 2-3 dm. in diameter, the branches spreading into a round head, the branchlets becoming purple- brown or red- d or ultimately gra ayish: leaf-blades abus ovate or tri- angular-ovate, 4—8 em. long, yellowish- Lid acute or short-acuminate at the apex, subcordate at d he base, serrate and s hallowly ioc obed: eymes 4—7 flowered: pedicels 2-3 em. long: flowers fragrant corolla pink, 2.5-3 em. jo pome 3-3.5 em. in diameter —Woods in valleys, Blue Ridge, N. C 634 MALACEAE 4. M. platycarpa Rehder. 'Tree sometimes 6 m. tall, the trunk up to 1.5 dm. in diameter, the branches o g, i branchlets Bate or purple-brown, j j val, 4-8 becoming grayish: rae blades ovate long, yellowish-green, abruptly pointed at t Ps ond i d a base, doubly serrate: pe na flowered: eT. 9-6 long: flowers fragrant: corolla pin broad: pome 3-4 n dia meter, idi yellow. — Woods and aie Blue Ridge. and T no rthern provinces, and 8.— redolens Ashe, from N Ga. - C. 5 E said to diffe fion this species in the narrower leaf- blades a "mallet fruit 3 dm diameter, the o branches forming a pyramida al head, Eo branchlets reddish-brown, and ultimately gray-brown: pg bougie ovate-lan olate or elliptie- pude 3.5-8 cm. long, a or short-acuminate at ü n apex, rounded or cuneate at the base, doubly prie cymes 3—6-flowered: pedicels. "2.5-3.5 m long: dr white or pink, 3-3.5 em. bro a pome qure 5 em. in diameter, green.— Woods and Gc various provinces, N. C. o Mo. and Pa.—M. Paral ee Ashe, N. C. to Ky., aid to differ on this ege in the oblong, crenate-serrate leaf- blades. : M. angustifolia (Ait.) Michx. Tree sometimes 9 m. e the trunk 3 dm n diameter, the branches rigid (or pendulous in M. angustifolia pendula), the brane hlets oe pent ea and S rou leaf-blades elliptic to lance- olate or elliptic-ov . long, thick, dark-green above, crenate-serrate, rather rd or leans Ri the e rounde d or cuneate at the base: cymes 3—5-flow ded pedie d 2-3 cm. long, slender: aac fragrant: corolla pink, om abo 2.5 broad: ` pome about 2.5-3.5 em. in DPA yellow-. gre thickets and edges of woods, various provinces, W Fla. to La., Ill, mud "Ya. M. bracteata Rehder. Tree up m. tall, the trunk 1-1.5 dm. dn. the branches stout, spreadi ur s a bro ad head, the branchlets becoming red-brown, gla abrous or som ewhat persistently pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to elliptie-ovate, 3.5-7.5 em. long, thin, yellowish-green above, serrate or somewhat rate obtuse or acutish at the apex, mostly ae at t base: cymes 3- n zx red: pedicel els 1.5-2.5 em. long: flowers fragran a pink, mostly 2 roa pome 2. 5-3.5 cm. in diameter, ie a pe ig Woods eg URN -banks, various provinces, M Fla. to Mo. and N. C. 8. M. a lus (L.) Britton. Tree ps spreading branches, the trunk some- times rea ien a diameter of 1 m cultivation: leaf-blades petioled, broadly ovate or oval, 2.5-7.5 em. long, obt fase or Ad ly eas at the apex, rounded m slightly cordate at the base, dentate early entire, glabrous or nearly so above, pubescent and often woolly Dono d espeeially "when young; pedicels generally tomentose, 2.5-5 em. long: corolla pink or white, 3.5-7.5 em. piis 7. pome depressed-globose or re hollowed at the base e; ap 5 in n cd fields, thicket i — fen cud ows, M provinces, Ga. is Mo. and Ont. Nat. of Eurasia common apple, in is "varieties, of commas frequently escapes n m tion. 4. ARONIA Pers. Leaf-blades simple, shallowly toothed. Cyme com- pound. Corolla mainly white. Pome Laici ze globular to pyriform. — Fol lowing are the only known species.—Spr. Plants are occa- sionally grown as ornamentals. Fruit broadly pyriform, bright-re 1. A. bound ia. Fruit oval or globose, purple-bl es 2. A. atropurpurea. purple. . A. melanocarpa. MALACEAE 635 1. A. arbutifolia (L.) Ell Shrub sometimes reaching a height of 3.5 m.: leaf-blades oval, elliptie or ` obovate, rare or abruptly short-pointed at the t the cymes termi inal, but à t length overtopped the young ste rile pud corolla white or purplish-tinged, 8-12 mm. broad: pome 4-6 mm. in diameter, long- ent: [Pyrus arbutifolia erythrocarpa Michx. |— (RED -BE often in acid "m ibe provinces, Fla. to La., Minn., and N. 8. 2, A. atropurpurea Britton. Shrub reach- e similar species: pome oval C iy 6-10 mm long, purple- UE PLE- pod ERRY.) —Acid swamps and bogs, various provinces, Fla. to N. S. 3. A. melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. pe ee the preceding are a larger: leaf-blades obovate or oval, obtuse, acute, or abruptly acuminate a j nulate: flower ila apex, narrowed uneate at the the sud Ta hypanthium and pedicels nearly glabrous: pome e or ov in diameter. [Pyrus arbutifolia melanocarpa Michx. nigra *(Willd.) ‘Britton. ]—(BrAcK CHOKEBERRY.)—Rocky woods and swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Mich. and N. Y. 5. AMELANCHIER Medic. Leaf-blades simple, toothed or rarely poe Panicles raceme-like, simple. Corolla white. Pome berry-like, globular.—Abou 25 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—Wint.-spr.—4J UNEBERRIES. SERVICE-BERRIES. ME ets as ornamentals for their early pro- fusion of flowers. The wood is used for tool handles and other small objects. The fruits which ripen in late spring or early summer in the south are edible. Leaf-blades with fine teeth (5—12 per cm. on average leaves), and irregular, un- equally spaced veins and usually irregular intermediate ones. Leaf-blades densely white-tomentose when young, becom- ing green: panicles with the lower pedicels 10—25 mm. lo : pee elas rounded at the apex or rarely or individ- y subacute or mucronate: hypanthium 3-5 mm. wide: sepals uod or triangular-lance- ate: petals 7-9 mm. lon Len biades of an "elliptic type generally, with 10-15 pairs of veins: hypanthium campanulate: ovary glabrous or nearly so on top. 1. A. oblongifolia. Leaf-blades of an oval type generally, with 7—11 S of veins: hypanthium saucer-shaped: woolly on to 2. A. stolonifera. ry Leaf-blades acuminate, sometimes abruptly so, E T cidedly acute: hypanthium 2.5-3 mm Sepa. tri oe ovate or nearly deltoid : petals 10-14 m ng. Ovary glabrous on top: sepals permanently thin, reflexed, without a midrib. 3. A. canadensis. Oras pubescent on top: sepals thick in fruit, not reflexed, with a midrib. . A. alabamensis. Leaf-blades Bears. or qui uite glabrous from the first: pan- icles with the lower pedicels 30—50 mm. long in e 5. A. laevis. Leaf-blades with coarse teeth (mostly 3—5 per cm. on aver- age leaves), and usually PL parallel, close-set veins, with few or no intermediate ones , A. sanguinea, 636 MALACEAE 1. A. oblongifolia (T. & G.) Roemer. Shrub with clustered erect stems, 2—8 m. tall, er branched, not stoloniferous: leaf-blades of an elliptic type, varying t or slightly obovate, mostly 3-5.5 em, s rounded at the apex, sub- anthesis: sepals lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 long, tomentose acute: petals ob- peii uiu. UNS or nearly linear, ostly 7— ‘9 mm. long: pome nearly black dor the glaucous coat. [A. Botryapium (Fl. SE. U. S.)]—(SHApBUSH. THICKET- grounds, BLOW Y woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Pa. and Me.—The leaf- Diades when young are den peed white-tomentose beneath, glabrous or nearly so at maturity. The fruits are moderately sweet and agreeably flavored. 2. A. gp dde Wiegand. Shrub with erect ind 3—12 dm. tall, stolonifer- ous thus forming colonies: leaf-blades of an oval type, varying to bond obovate or broadly ovate, or suborbicular on EUN mostly 2.5—5 cm. long, rounded or mucronate, or sometimes subacute at the apex, with the fine et e su at the n rarely extending to the base, rounded or subcordate at the base, very slender- tiol aniel , 1.5-4 long i epals triangular-lanceolate, 3 mm. long, tomentose within pon elliptic-obovate, 7-9 m ng: pome purplish-black under the glaucous coat. s (Fl - U. S.) ]—(Low [ JUNEBERRY.)—Dry rocks, sandy bluffs, river banks, and sandy places, Men provinces, N. C. to Mich., and Newf.—The leaf-blades are densely white-tom tose beneath when young, but soon glabrous. The fruits are sweet, juicy, and agreeable. 3. A. canadensis (L.) Medic. Tree up to 10 m. tall, or an irregularly a 0 shrub with few stems: leaf-blades ovate, oval, ellipt ic, or obovate long, acuminate or de -a acute, PE d serrate nearly or quite to the um rounded or cordate at the base, slender. -petioled: panicle nodding, 8-17 cm. long in anthesis: Eus triangular-ovate or nearly deltoid, 2-3 mm. long, tomentose: — linear or elliptic- ine 9-14 mm. long: pome maroon-purple. pale NEBE SUGAR-PEAR. ) —W oods, river-banks, sandy or rocky ridges, and amps, various provinces, Ga. to La., Kans. , Ont., and Newf.—The leaf- e: "i white- DRE ose when young, less den nsely so above than a oe per- sistently sparingly hairy. The fruits are rather dry and lack flav 4. A. alabamensis Britton. Tree up to 5 m. tall, related to A. canadensis, but with relatively thicker, broader, and shallower or inconspicuously toothed leaf-blades: sepals triangular-ovate, thick and with a midrib at maturity, not reflexed: pome purplish-black —Sandy lands, S of ADU Ala. 5. A. laevis Wiegand. Tree up to 13 m. tall, or low and shrubby northward: leaf-blades ovate, elliptic, or pis varying to obovate E suborbieular, 3-6 c long, short-ac te, acute, or sometimes rounded at the apex, sharply En finely serrate nearly or quite to t the G mostly subeordate or rounded at the base, usually puis oled: panicles. droopi ing, 3—7 cm. long, Pin nea flowered: sepals triangular- aun ae to a ac ate, 3—4 ong: petals linear- Piliptie 10—18 mm. long: pome dark-purple or B black be- neath the glaucous coat —Wooded EHE Du fields, and about swamps, Blue MALACEAE | 637 . Ridge and adj. provinces, Ga., Ala., Tenn., and N. C. ~ Mead LS ogee to Kans., Ont, and Ne wf. —The leaf-blades are glabrous from t rst o merely with few silky hairs when young. The fruits are ace and modb flavored. 6. ee sanguinea (Pursh) DC. Shrub with arching or straggling branches Mi t m. tall, not stoloniferous: leaf-blades oval, varying t rarely to DP or suborbieular on shoots, 2.5—6 em. ong; ned o: P acutish the apex, ed Sarin cd serrate nearly or quite to the base, rounded or subcordate at the base, slender—but often rather des -petioled: panicles drooping, 4—7 cm. long, es oo sepals lanceolate or narrowly tri- angular- eugene about mm. long: petals linear or narrowly spatulate, 10-15 mm. long: pome nearly glandu ular-serrate: corolla mm. broad or more: fruit subglobose to comer hat sari 10-15 m mm, thick, red: nutlets 3—5 — Hi llsides and woods, Interior Low Plateaus and bs north- ern provinees, Tenn. to Mich. and W Mass. Perhaps a form of C. 27. C. pruinosa ( Wendl.) K. Koch. A shrub or tree, sometimes 6 m. tall, with dark-gray or brownish bark: leaf-blades elliptic -ovate to broadly ovate or deltoid, the pos Meri. from broadly cuneate to cordate, serrate or lobed and serrate, 2— ong, acute or acuminate, glabrous in age: sepals 3-5 mm. long, entire or reer rl) 15-20 mm. broad: fruit globose or subglobose, 7-13 mm. thick, reddish-green to red: nutlets 3-5 ——Woods, old fields, meadows, and oven eed slopes, Blue Ridge and adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., and N. C. 28. C. monogyna Jacq. A shrub or tree, sometimes 12 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate or broader, sharply 3—15-lobed or -eleft, acute, the lobes iD cuneate A truncate at base, Ea s when mature: sepals deltoid, entire: rolla inn ink, about 15 mm. broad: fruit globose or nearly so, re out 6 m thick: nutlets usually 1.—Sparingly escaped from cultivation in ‘the NU eee states and perhaps also within our area. Nat. of the O. W. = C. D Michx. A shrub or small tree, sometimes hs m. tall ies gray r brown bar af-blades spatulate or oblaneeolate, 1—4 em. lon ng, n into winged SB obtuse or aeute, erenate or crenate- mm to Fueled, 644 AMYGDALACEAE das per triangular, glabrous: corolla 7-10 mm. broad: fruit globose, , 4-6 mm. thick: nutlets 3-5.—Along streams and in rich moist soil, Coastal Plain and "m provinees, Fla. to Tex. and Va. 30. C. Marshallii Bggleston. A shrub or small ie often 6 m. tall, ns . lon smooth, gray bark: leaf-blades esp ovate to orbieular, 1-4 em. long, pin nately and deeply * -lobed, the lobes i Rie a ‘when yo ung: sepa 25 lanceolate, Mr glandular-serrate; corolla broad: fruit oblong 2 RC 4 to ds . long, searlet: nutlets ne Te. apiifolia Michx.]—(P ARS- PARSLEY-LEAVED THORN. Dum —In low places along swamps and streams, Coastal J Plain, Fla. to Texas and Va. 31. C. uniflora e A sie : small tree (?), with s brown bark: leaf-blades obovate oblong-cuneiform to cuneate, 1—4 cm. long, crenate or crenate-serrate, often shallowly lobed, pubescent beneath, a brate or c above: sepals lan RA. serrate to deeply d glandular: corolla pne broad: fruit globose to pyrifor m, 7-14 m ; Je ellow to red at maturi Tnm nutlets 3 or 4. [C. y cu d she. |— (Di doe ORN )—Piels durs flats, woods, MET pusand- eee Plain and adj. Doe. Ga. to N. Y. 32. C. lacrimata Small. A small tree, sometimes 5 m. tall, with ashy-gray, scaly bark: leaf-blades cuneate-spatulate, 1-2.5 cm. long, "glabrous in age, dentate above the middle, glandular, rounded, truncate, or pointed: sepals small, entire or nearly so, SAIS. fruit g lobose Or nearly so, yellow or orange pa reddish: nutlets 3-5.—Stream-banks and sandy woods W Fla. 33. C. deri a aay (L. f.) Medic. A tree, often 10 m. tall, with grayish or brown sealy bark: leaf-blades conspieuously ae deltoid to broadly ovate, serrate, often ineisely 3—7-lobed, green and glabrous, 2~7.5 em. long: sepals deltoid, entire: corolla 8-12 mm. "br oad: fruit Iph ven uin small, scarlet: nutlets usually 5. [C. cordata (Mill) Ait.]—(HEDGE-THORN. ED-HAW. WASHINGTON-THORN.)—-Stream-banks, woods, thickets, and fence-rows, various provinces, Ga. to Ark. and. N. J.—Native southward, naturalized N. 7. COTONEASTER Medic. Shrubs. Leaf-blades simple, toothed or en- tire. Cymes cluster-like. Pomes small, the carpels becoming bony.—About 50 species, natives of the Old World. 1. C. Pyracantha (L.) Spach. Evergree shrub with slender a. leaf-blades al slightly oblanceola 2-5 em. long, ob- tuse, crenulate: es As hypanthium white-woolly : eee ovate: petals p out 3 mm. long: pomes about 4 m scarlet, bitter.—( FIRETHORN. T- )—Thiekets and cult. grounds various provinees, Ala Tenn. an a at. sia, and cult.—Spr.—Man species of Cotoneaster are in cultivation. They are first cl ornamentals, not only with attractive foliage, but they are also showy in flower and in fruit. Many of those used in landscape work are of Asiatic origin. Faminy 15. AMYGDALACEAE — PLUM FAMILY Shrubs or trees, commonly with prussie acid in the tissues. Leaves alternate, with free, often early deciduous stipules: blades simple, mostly AMYGDALACEAE 645 toothed. Flowers perfect, in corymbs, cymes, racemes, or panicles, some- times clustered. Calyx of 5 sepals, borne on the edge of the hypanthium, deciduous. Corolla of 5 petals. Androecium of many stamens. Gynoe- cium of a single carpel, or rarely of 2 or 3 carpels. Ovary 1-celled: style entire. Fruit a drupe.—About 10 genera and 125 species, most abundant in north temperate regions. Style basal: ovules erect. Tribe I. CHRYSOBALANEAE. Style terminal: ovules pendulous. Tribe II. PRUNEAE. RYSOBALANEAE Inflorescence axillary: drupe with a fluted stone. Inflorescence terminal: drupe with a terete stone. 1. CHRYSOBALANUS. 2. GEOBALANUS. II. Drupe with a pulpy exocarp: leaves p flowers in clusters or terminal racemes uo sessile or nearly so: stone eoarsely wrinkled and pitte Flowers o did pedicelled : stone neither wrinkled nor 00V Flowers in corymbs from scaly buds of the Qu DE of the pr Td year, before the leaves, the corymbs often umbel-lik Flowers in Faconies terminating branches of the year, after the leaves. 5. PADUS. Drupe with a dry exocarp: leaves persistent: flowers in axil- lary racemes. 6. LAUROCERASUS. 1. CHRYSOBALANUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades of an orbieu- lar or obovate type. Cymes a id Petals priiis hite. Filaments dis- tinct or nearly so. Stone of the fruit pointed at the Nm ridged.—About 3 species, American and du ae 3. AMYGDALUS. 4, PRUNUS. 1. C. Icaco Drupe globular or spheroidal: petals cuneate. : : 2. C. interior. Drupe obovoid or oblong-obovoid : petals spatulate. 1. C. Icaco L. Shrub, or tree sometimes 10m , and when growing o the beach, with radially creeping bag ers leaf- bue Bron obovate e orbieular-obovate, ly 4-8.5 long, ically i drupe globose or spheroidal, 3—4 em. long sa , red, urple; stone broadly ob- blunt t-ridged. — (Cocoa4-PLUM.)— oid, Dom sand-dunes, and coastal hammocks, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. Mez C. A., 8. A)— "indi fruits are used: for pre: serves. Sometim s planted as an ornam It thrives far removed from its mari- time habitat. rior Small. Shrub or small tree: 2. C. leaf-blades oval, obovate, = orbieular, mostly 2—6 em. long, typi e — pid d or abruptly pointed: sepals abou lo ong: rupe obovoid or oblong- cd ES ce ong, purple: stone ellipsoid or ellipsoid- udin uelle d ed. Le. pe cllocarpus ie SE. U. S.) n y.|—(Sm EVERGLADE Coc M.)—Ham ds Pn Keys, didam islands i in e clades and D dE S pen. Fla.—(W. I.) 2. GEOBALANUS Small. Shrubs, with underground stems. Leaf- blades more elongate than in Chrysobalanus. Cyme terminal. Petals not 646 AMYGDALACEAE eod white. Filaments markedly united. Carpels sometimes 2 or 3. Stone of the fruit terete, not pointed at the base.—Following are the only known wc ba one. -APPLES. GROUND-OAKS, Ovary pubescent: drupe 3-4 cm. long. 1. G. pallidus. Ovary glabrous: drupe 2-2.5 cm. long. 2. G. oblongifolius. G. pallidus Small. Similar to G. oblongifolius in habit: blades of the upper leaves elliptie, 4—10 em. long, aeute, pini white-tomentose beneath, the hairs e or ov x Florida—is not the only animal t cpu the fruits of these shrubs. nts g low ho gopher—one of the large land turtles of he hat ap- anima that it is often difficult to find one, even in a large colony of the plants. 2. G. oblongifolius (Michx.) Small. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves ob- MD RA den a em. long, gla- brous, obtus and s dru id Ew ob [Chr — oblongifolius Miehx. T- Pineands, pcr "hills, and sand-dunes, Coastal Plain, . to Miss. and Ga. 3. AMYGDALUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves very strongly impreg- nated with prussic acid. Flowers sessile or short-pedicelled. Corolla mostly in Drupe velvety-pubescent, the stone ae. and pitted.—About 5 species, na- tives of Asia.—PEACHES 1. A. Persica L. Tree: leaf-blades nar- rowly apie lanceolate, or rarely ellip- tic-obov ing, sharply serrate: petals p pis rupe subglobose or ar ara 4—10 cm. long, grooved on one side velvety. — (COMMON AC — Roadsides, Hees and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and N. Y.—Nat. of Old World. —Sg r.— Cult. in many varieties for its fruit.— Two distinct forms of the peach appear as eseapes from cultivation; the a has large, Poss dra dd light-pink flow | ud other has small, inconspicuous reddish. um flowers. These may represent two of d ancestral species which may be combined in the ordinary culti- voe pea 4, PRUNUS L. Shrubs or trees, — thorny. Leaves oceasion- =l o with prussic-acid, deciduous: ae broad o row, mem- somewhat leathery, more or less toothed. Flowers perfect, in cR or corymb-like clusters from scaly e s, usually rather = il celled. Hypanthium turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, deciduous. Se AMYGDALACEAE als 5, short. Petals 5, white or nearly so, broad. Stamens 13-20. 647 Pistil solitary. Ovary with 2 ovules. Drupe glabrous, often glaucous, with a fleshy exocarp and a bony stone.—About 100 pe most bis ndant temperate zone, tropieal Ameriea, and —Spr.— in the north UMS. CHERRIES.—The fruits of both wild and cultivated trees are Een Cad Sud as food, both raw and preserved. Drupe with a ventral groove: stone more or less flattened.— PLUM Perupe without a ventral groove: stone very turgid.— ERRIES. Flowers corym Flowers in rece like corymbs. I e S Flowers, and drupes, distinctly pedic I. a T II. ERE E III. CERAS d. Teeth of the leaf- = Pointed or acute, mostly not gland- -tipped when the leaves unfold: sepals glandless except sometimes for inconspicuous glands in P. ameri due Leaf-blades rather abruptly acuminate, rather coarsely and deeply serrate: TEA e ad mm. wide: drupes red or reddish-yellow, 18-30 mm. in Tree, pee rond ng from the roots, thus forming thickets: bark scaly on older trunks: leaf-blades glabrous or Sparingly pubescent, or rarely tomen- tose beneath, 2m minate, even when they idi fr uits ripening in A? P. July: stone ov Tree, not S TORRE. from the roots, thus not form- ing thickets: bark somewhat furrowed on older trunks: leaf-blades usually copiously tomentose beneath, commonly somewhat obtuse when the oe drupes ripening in October and Novem- stone obovoid to merely round. Leaf-blades gradually acuminate, or pe acute, ather finely serrate: corollas 6-14 mm. wide: rupes purple or d en to yellow, about 15 mm. in diame Drupe globular: stone ubel ATT leaves glabrous. Drupe oval or ree ear stone somewhat elongate: eaves pubesce Twigs glabrous and shin Twigs closely mE Teeth 9: the leaves rounded or obtuse sometimes a pa glandular, except in P. angustifolia, in which the sepals are ciliate. Leaf-blades rather thick, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, and irregularly serrate. coa mol rather m oblong-lanceolate to oe lustro above, not ae cuously veiny pier ay ae 6-10. cm. DE “sepals ian duiae. Leaf-blades usually 2-6 long: sepals non- glandular. Flowers, and drupes, short-pedicelled or nearly sessile. PENNSYLVANIC II Small tree with reddish-brown pM S, acuminata leaf- blades, and small red fruits 5-7 m eter III. CER Low shrubs: corolla about 1 cm. broad: leat bladés appressed- serrate: drupes mostly less than 1 n diameter. Large trees: corolla 1.5-3 cm. broad: leaf-blades sharply serra drupes mostly over 10 mm. in diameter Drupe sour: leaves glabrous. Drupe sweet: leaves pubescent. americana. 2. P. mexicana. 3. P. umbellata. 4. P. mitis 5. P. inm undo: 6. P. hortulana. 7. P. Munsoniana. F P. angustifolia. . P. geniculata. 10. P. pennsylvanica. 11. P. cuneata. 12. P. Cerasus. 13. P. Avium. 648 AMYGDALACEAE . P. americana Marsh. Tree becoming 10 m. tall, the young twigs chest- nut-brown: leaf-blades oval or elli D : narrowly obovate, 6—10 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly pubescent ben (densely pubescent in P. ricana dis ather narrowed at flower o ther e umbels als lanceolate or elliptic-lanceo- D-PL TH M.)— Edges of woods, river- “banks, thickets, and fence-rows, various provinces, Fla. to Colo., Mont., and N. Y.—Fr. ripe late ae or fall. P. mexicana S. Wats. Tree becoming 12 m. tall, the young twigs gray- ish: leaf-blades elliptic-obovate or obovate, 7—10.5 cm. long, pubescent, at least beneath, rounded to subcordate at the base: flowers 2—4 together in nearly nt or mon often sparingly pubes n without: drupe globose or very Ru pes oid, 18-30 mm. in eie dark a cnius with bloom: stone obovoid to near rly round, 12.5-16 mm. long.—(BIG-TREE PLUM.)—Open woods, rich bottoms, and upla and prairies, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. to Tex., Okla., and Ky.—(Mez.)—F'. ripe fall. P. umbellata Ell. Tree 8 m. tall or less, the young twigs dark reddish- d. brown, glabrous: leaf-blades d e elliptic-lanceolate, or oval, 4-7 em. long, ris glabrous above, pubescent beneath along the midrib, and also some- e —20 mm. in diameter, ded ye JS or mc Ris dark- s with bloom: stone oval or nearly globose.—(SL Lor. HoG-PLUM. L2 ed ae! woods |. and river D Coastal Plain, "Fla. to La. and S. C.—Fr. ripe 4, P. pied pi Shrub or small tree, 4-8 m. tall, seldom spiny, with dark-gray or reddish-brown bark and glabrous shining twigs: leaf-blades 2-9 em. long, elliptic, elliptic la e or rarely 2 P e or obovate, acute or acumi- nate, sharply serrate, narrowed or rounded at the base, finely pu ubescent on both surfaces and espec cially along the aa midrib and veins beneath: sepals triangular, subacute, pubescent bo ek t and densely so within: petals 6-8 mm. long: drupe ellipsoid, 10-14 m aa. dark-purple Dan the bloom: stone ovoid or oval, slightly compressed, about 1 em. long, pointed at both ends and especially at the apex, crested on one per i RE soil, often in open woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. and A 5. P. injucunda Small Shrub or small tree, seldom spiny, the fark dark- gray and on the younger branches covered with a velvety pubescence: leaf- a v neath, inconspicuously pubescent and slightly rugose abov a y ciliate, obtuse: petals 6-8 mm. long; blades oval to orbicular: dnos ellipsoid, AMYGDALACEAE 649 12-15 mm. long, dark-purple, beneath the bloom: P ities 8- mm. me much haie a ed at both ends, crested. [P. m a (Ch Fl.). ] — (Hoa LUM.) ndy e mainly in the granite districts, "Piedmont, "Ga. and Ala Fr. ripe sum 6. P. hortulana Bailey. Tree becoming 9 m. tall, the young e dark reddish-brown: leaf-blades elliptic-obovate or A Ne 7.5-11 . long, decidedly inate, ewhat lustrous above, pubescent, often spari 80 beneath, rather abruptly rounded at the base —5-flowered: sepals elliptic-ovate, mostly obtuse, glabrous or obscurely pubescent, gl on r ong, abruptly clawed: drupe globose or slightly ellip- soid, 1 diameter, red 1 po S in om: stone mostly oval d or P NL 11-17 mm. P. hortulana Mineri ong. [ (WILD-GOOSE PLUM. me bottom TB various pier Ga. to Tex., Mo. j and Ill.—Fr. ripe sum.—fall. 7. P. Munsoniana Wight & Hedrick. Tree, becoming 6 m. tall or more, the young twigs usually eo ae n: leaf-blades lanceolate E p Mr late, usually 6-10 em. long, e or occasionally somewhat acuminate, shining above, sparingly pubescent pone near the veins beneath, or glabrous, rounded at the base: flowers 2-4 together: sepals elliptic-ovate to Eu obtuse, glabrous or sparingly pubescent n t, glandular on the margin petals 6-7 mm. long, entire or slightly erose: drupe glo lobose to al 25-30 mm. in diameter, usually EA las with light bloom, sometimes ye ellow: stone elliptie to oval or ovoid, mm. long or longer. — Rich soil, du in river- valleys, various provinces, aa ae to N Tex. and Mo.—Fr. ripe 8. P. angustifolia Marsh. Tree 8 m. tall or less or a shrub, bn young dro reddish-brown: leaf-blades lanceolate to oval-lanceolate, 2-5 em. lon acute, shining above, sparingly pubescent beneath or pe Ran cance a D ‘rarely rounded at the base: flowers 2—4 together: sepals ovate, obtuse, glabrous without, eiliate, eglandular: petals about 4 mm. long, abruptly clawed: drupe subglobo ose, 13 3-23 mm . in diameter, P to yellow: stone oval, obovoid, rens or oval, -1.5 cm. long. E Chicasa Michx.]— HICKASAW-PLUM. PLUM.)—Sandy soil, edges of woods, thickets and fence-rows, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. J.—Fr. ripe spr 9. ae ben iculata Harper. Shrub with diffusely branched stems, 1.5 m. tall, the numerous zigzag branches somewhat spinescent: leaf-blades aiptic to ovate ‘elliptic, 1-2.5 em. long, mucronate, finely erenate-serrate, rather short- j e wW e leaves: pedicels stout, 2-3 mm. long: corolla white, 1 cm. wide or less: drupe n or TA T vg ur E or n E -PLUM.)—Sverub and dry 10. P. beers aire L.f. Tree 11 m. tall or less, the young twigs reddish em. and somewhat shining: leaf- blades lanceolate or elliptie-lanceolate, 6—15 long, asd, gla dn or sometimes sparingly pubescent petu. n or rounded at t th e base: flowers 3-7 together in umbel-like or orymb-li clusters: asl tare elliptic. or ovate-elliptic, obtuse, glabrous, aadar: avers . about 5 mm. long: drupe globular, 5-7 mm. in diameter, red, the flesh thin: stone ovoid s broadly ellipsoid to subglobose o.— ( BIED-O CHERRY. PIN-CHERRY. PIGEON-CHERRY. ILD RED-CHERRY. .) — Roc ky woods and clearings, often in acid soil and burned-over land, inde provinces N of Coastal un Ga. to Colo., Ont., and Newf.—Fr. ripe 11. P. cuneata Raf. Shrub 1.5 m. tall or rA the —— glabrous: leaf- blades oval, elliptic, elliptic-obovate, or obovate, 3.5-8 cm. long, obtuse or some- 650 AMYGDALACEAE times a green above, pale be neath, cuneate or gradually narrowed to the base: flowers usually 3 together: sepals ue obtuse, glabrous, minutely endum. on the Bas gins: dis about 6 ong: drupe globose or sub- globose, 10-15 mm. in diameter, black, eN Loo. stone acute.—(DwanRr- Y:)— Mist o or m woods, various provinees N of Co tal Plain, N. C. to > Minn. and N. H.—Fr. ripe . P. Cerasus L. Small tree: leaf-blades m oval-ovate, or ovate-lanceo- iie, 4-11 em. long, abruptly acute or acum , finely serrate-dentate, gla- brous, resinous when young: corolla 1.5-2.5 e om poor drupe nearly d —10 mm. in di r bl stone g .— (SOUR-CHERRY. ORELLO-CHERRY.)—Woods and e -TOWS, Sou provinces, N Fla. to Colo. and N. H. Nat. of Eu.—Fr. ripe sum 13. P. Avium L. Large tree leaf-blades ovate to oval or oval-ovate, 5-10 em. long, a short- -acuminate, coarsely te) serrate, pubescent beneat sometimes only on the veins: corolla 2.5-3 em. broad: drupe ovoid-globose, 8-10 mm. in diameter, not acid, usually ees. SS globul WEET-CHERR "prem )—Thiekets, fence- -rows, and edge is of code) REN provinces, N Fla. to Mo. and Ont. Nat. of Eurasia.—Fr. ripe su 5. PADUS Borckh. Shrubs or trees. Md deciduous, manifestly im- pregnated with prussie acid. ers in terminal racemes, white. Hypan- thium green. Sepals relatively large fes rounded. Drupe with a juicy 'exocarp.—About 15 1d natives of the north temperate regions.— WILD CHERRIES. CHOKE CHERRIES. Sepals deciduous: leaf-blades mostly serrulate with very dci s nana. Sepals. Bo leaf-blades mostly serrulate with relatively coarse t Young shoots, raceme-rachis, and pedicels glabrous. 2. P. virginiana. Young shoots, raceme-rachis, and pedicels pubesce nt. Leaf- blades finely and rather sparingly pubescent be- rate and eL with a . P. Cuthbertii. Drupe red: leaf-blades D ay obovate, blunt. Du purple: leaf-blades ovate or elliptic, acute or cuminate. . P. alabamensis. Leaf-blades densely and dr OMEN with tawny or rufous tomentum, not eau 9. P. australis. TP. nana (Du Roi) Roem. ae raceme rather lax, 8-15 g flexed, often ovate, glandular-margined tals 3—4 ong: drupe globose, 8—10 m ock woods, nd- dunes, and river-banks, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Man., and Newf.—Spr 2. P. virginiana (L.) Be Tree with ascending branches, beco ing 35 m. tall: leaf-blades firm, elliptie, varying to obovate, or elliptic- -lanceol ate, 5-15 em. long (coria- ceous, often lanceolate, whitish beneath, coarsely serrate, and with the racemes few- flower ed and div vergent in P. virginiana montana—on mtn. tops), acumi- AMYGDALACEAE 651 or aeute at both ends, or rounded at the base, crenate-serrulate with eos -tipped teeth, glabrous or edd 80: d ovate, ae nger than broad: corolla 8-10 mm. broad: drupe globose, 8-10 mm. in diameter, dark-purple or nearly black, sweet but slightly uu. [P. wr Ehrh.) Agardh. |— (WILD BLACK-CHERRY. oe —W oods and roadsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., N. D., and On t.—Spr.- m.—The bark of this and of other species is used in medicine. The wood is uod in eabinet-work. Cuthbertii Small Tree 6 m. tall, with tomentose twigs: leaf-blades piis typically obovate, varying to oval or pandurate, 4-9 cm. long, blunt notched at the apex, shallowly serrate, not markedly biglandular at the often cunea a ba ase, dull-green above, pale or glaucescent beneath, the midrib and petioles copiously ee , the lateral veins slightly so: raceme 5-8 cm. th long, the rachis and pedicels pubescent like the twigs: tee broader than long, obtuse: petals 3—4 pum long, erisped: drupes subglobose, 8-9 mm. in diameter, red.—Rocky and sandy o river-bluffs, and steep- dendo Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Fla. and Ga.—Spr. 4. P. alabamensis (C. Mohr) Small. . mis rarely over 10 m. , the bark rough: leaf-blades coriaceous or thick-membranous, ovate to elliptic. 6-12 cm ng, t-acumi ut sometimes ODE th pex, serrate wit lunt appressed gland-tipped teeth, paler beneath than above y pubescent with simple or forked hairs, rounded or slightly narrowed raceme at the 10-15 em. long, spreading, the rachis and peduncles, like the calyx, pubescent. —Mt. slopes, yep provinees, Ga. and A] "Spr. 5. P. australis Beadle. Tree 10-20 m. tall: leaf-blades obovate, oval, or eee 4—10 em. long, 2-6 em. wide, abruptly and rather bluntly pointed at the or ripae obtuse, r rounded or Wb narrowed at the base, on the ower su B with tawny or rufou us tom a m, not at all glaucous: raceme 8-12 em. long, b dcs and pe TIMOR like the young shoots, pubescent: drupe globose, 5-8 m n diameter, purp loce soil, Coastal Plain, near Evergreen, ne Spr 6. LAUROCERASUS Reichenb. Shrubs or trees. Leaves evergreen, copiously impregnated with prussie acid. Flowers in axillary racemes, white. Hypanthium white. Sepals minute. Petals more or less angulate. rupe with a dry exocarp.—About 20 species, natives of tropical and temperate regions.— CHERRY-LAURELS. Petals larger than the sepals: drupe subglobose. 1. L. myrtifelia. Petals smaller than the sepals: drupe ellipsoid or oval. 2. L. caroliniana. L. myrtifolia (L.) Britton. Shrub or small tree: leaf-blades elliptic: racemes loosely flowered, the eed Rem v4 slightly angled: drupe 8-12 mm. in diameter: stone oidal o A aime Sw. L. sphaerocarpa (Sw.) Roem.]—(WEsT-INDIAN CHERRY. few, i one pom Keys, 1 Il and Flor- ida Keys.—(W. I.) —Fall—wi . L. caroliniana (Mill) Roem. Shrub or small tree: leaf-blades narrowly tee d to den elliptic-oblanceolate: racemes ow- ered, the pedicels pud ar saliently angled -13 mm id. [Prunus s Ait [C Moos ORANGE.) —Woods, usually in river banks an mocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to a and N. C. —Wint.-spr.—(W. 1. )—Rare as a native tree, dm commoner as an scape from cult. 652 MIMOSACEAE FaxiLy 16. MIMOSACEAE — Mimosa FAMILY Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate: blades e compound, usually 2-3-pinnate: stipules sometimes spine-like. Flowers mostly perfect, borne in capitate or elongate usually dense spikes or racemes. Calyx of 3-6 partially united sepals. Corolla of 3-6 equal, distinct or partially united petals. ndroecium of 3-6, or many, stamens which are usually con- spicuously exserted. Gynoecium l-earpellary. Fruit a legume.—About 40 genera and 1,500 species, most abundant in the tropics. Stamens numerous, more than 10. Filaments partly united into a tube. Tribe I. INGEAE. Filaments distinct. Tribe II. ACACIEAE. Stamens as many Es the petals or corolla-lobes or twice as m a Anthers Without “glandular appendages at the top. Tribe III. MIMOSEAE. sade at ent in the bud, topped by glandular appen nda ages Tribe IV. ADENANTHEREAE. I. INGEAE Valves of the pod not separating from the continuous nos n. Pods m nee once valves: leaves with few (us ally 4) 1 1. PITHECOLOBIUM. Pod with eau neue or thin-leathery very flat valves: leaves with several or many leafle 2 ZZIA. Valves of the pod separating from the continuous margin. 8. Ero ACACIEAE Ovary stipitate: petals distinct or united, commonly only t below d middle: pod flat, dry, the seeds not in two dis- tinct r 4. ACACIELLA. Ovary Soie petals united into a tubular-funnelform, gud lobed corolla: pod nearly Te or e Eu than high, pulpy within, the seeds in two separate 5. VACHELLIA. III. MIMOSEA Vies Rom ane pod not separating from m continuous Shrubs P tees seeds transverse in the pod. 6. LEUCAENA. Herbs: sends len thwise or oblique in the pod. T. ACUAN. Valves of the pod separating from the continuous margin. Pod slightly, if at all, flattened, 4-angled or with a broad margin, beaked, not jointed. 8. ooo Pod flat, jointed, not beaked. 9. MIA IV. ADENANTHEREAE Herbs with prostrate wiry or very slender unarmed branches: spikes uniform, the neutral and perfect flowers the same size: pod short and even. 10. NEPTUNEA. Spike much. longer than the perfect ones: pod elongate, constricted between the seeds and contorted. 11. CAILLEIA. 1. PITHECOLOBIUM Mart. Shrubs or trees. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaf- lets few, often 4. Spikes oe white or m Calyx-lobes minute. Corolla prominently lobed. Pod narrow, contorted, of n pulpy within. Seed with colored arils—About 100 nar widely Bd in tropieal and sub- tropical regions.—Spr.-sum. or all year. Ovary glabrous, shorter than the stipe: petioles longer than the ee ee Caii P. Unguis-Cati. Ovary pubescent, longer than the stipe: petioles shorter than the petiolules. 2. P. guadelupense. Unguis-Cati (L.) B med or rarely unarmed shrub or small ds "blades of the leaflets "thinnish broadly obovate, oval, or suborbicular, MIMOSACEAE 653 d 5 long: calyx 1.5-2 mm. long; lobes wider long, blunt: corolla 3.5—4.5 mm. long: pod pari UE s AT - CLAW. BLACK-BEAD.) — Hammocks, Everg lade Keys and lower W coast, pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.— (W. I.) = P. ST Chapm. Unarmed or rarely med shrub or small E tree: blades of the leaflets p qe elliptic to cuneate, oval, or sub- orbicular, 3-7 em. long: calyx 2.5-3 mm. long; lobes A pid Mm cea ue re ands, ham mocks, and sand-dunes, Eve erglade Keys and lower E coast, pen. ET a. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.) 2. ALBIZZIA Durazz. Shrubs or trees. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaflets numerous. Spikes capitate, white or pink. Calyx-lobes relatively short p mall. Corolla e twice as long as the calyx. Pod linear, flat.—About 5 species, natives of the Old World. Blades of the leaflets acute, the midrib nearly marginal: potas veiny all ov A. Blades of the leaflets rounded at the apex, the midrib not lat- dc brisem. eral: pod-valves veiny only over the seeds. 2. A. Lebbek. 1. A. Pace n (Willd.) Durazz. Shrub or tree becoming 10 m. tall: leaves with 16-24 pinnae; leaflets 5—7, the blades n -lanceolate, 7-16 mm. long, obliquely uirum calyx a out 2 mm. long: olla 6-8 mm. long; larger pne ovate: pod broadly linear, 10—15 em. long: seed elliptie, 3.5—4.5 mm. . wide.—(JUBLIBRISSIN. cage ILK-TREE.) —Pine- lan nds, hammocks, roadsides, and cult. grounds, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and Md. Nat. of Asia S eult.—(W. I.)— Spr.-sum.—The spikes are pin = A. Lebbek (Willd.) Benth. Tall tree: leaves pinnae; leaflets 10—22, the blades elliptic . to ae -obovate, see em. long, acute: ealyx abou . lon, ng: rolla 9—11 mm. long; larger lobea bie ned Tinea, pos iru bids oval, 6-7 mm. wide.—(LEB Wom E. —Hammocks and cult. a. Florida "Keys. Nat. of Africa and ns I.)—-Spr.—The spikes are cream-color. ILOMA Benth. Shrubs or trees. Lea 2-pinnate: leaflets numerous es few). Spikes capitate (or cylindric), SAN or greenish-white. Pic Min relatively ed Corolla slightly longer than the calyx. Pod elliptic to linear.——About 10 species, natives of tropical America. 1. L. bahamensis Benth. ae ee 20 m. tall, Rie spreading branches with 4— pinnae; leaflets 20—40, the Pea elliptie to ae ETE 8-11 mm. long: ca Ts about 2 long: corolla 2.5-3 mm. long; lobes ovate: pur elliptic, 8-15 cm. long, long stipitate. [Z. lati- siliqua Chapm. not Ben nth. |— ( WILD-TAMARIND.) — Hole ae pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.). 654 MIMOSACEAE 4. ACACIELLA Britton & Rose. Shrubs or trees, or sometimes herbs. Leaves mostly 2-pinnate, sometimes reduced to phyllodia: leaflets usually nu- merous. Spikes capitate or cylindric. Calyx cupulate or resembling the cokola: Petals distinct or partially united. Filaments dis- tinct, or some of them slightly united at the base. Pod flat—About 50 species, mostly in ope or tropical regions. 1. A. a (Nutt.) Britton & Rose. chus with ig foliage: leaf-pinnae mostly 1 18: leaflets very Sara qu blades elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 4-5 mm. long: spike white, Bn or yellowish: pue less then 1 ong; lobes deltoid, acute: corolla 2—2.5 mm. Ion ng pod linear, 3- m ong, ns mm [A. filicioides (Fl SH. SS E m pen. Fla.; also various provinces, Tex. to Ariz., ans ., and Mo.—(Mez.) . VACHELLIA d & Arn. Shrubs or small trees. Leaves 2-pin- nate: leaflets numerous, small. Spikes globose. Calyx-lobes minute "a rela- ] tively short. orolla about twice as long as the calyx, the lobes short. Fila- ments distinct. Pod is turgid pide species of wide ge iu distri- bution.—Spr.-sum. or all year S.—OPOPANAX. YELLOW-OPOPANAX. POPINACK. HINSACH. CASSIE. Pu A NM Leaflets d reu blades relatively large 4.5-6.5 mm. long, veiny: spikes over 1 a in diamet pod blunt or merely abruptly Ec the suture prominently ridged. 1. V. Farnesiana. Leafets contiguous; blades relatively small, 1.5-3.5 m long, not veiny : spikes less mian e mm. in diameter : bod 1 beaked p Pod beaked, turgid. Flower- heads, 1—3 AE the peduncles nearly 2 cm. ong: nal mucro of leaf-rachis glabrous or nearly so: Soles: SUonoRdguetci) slender. . V. peninsularis. Bs p s tog ether, the peduncles mostly less Benin alm mucro of leaf-rachis pubes- E aries ‘proportionately stout. A V. densiflora. Pod ee not turgid. . V. insularis. 1. V. Farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. Stout shrub or small tree, armed wi rather short stout spines: leaf-rachis and aa mes D leaflets Es dd the longer ones of each rachis 4.5-6 . long: peduneles elosely fne. pu b ME uus fully t io in diameter: calyx about 2m ] m. long: corolla 3—4 mm. he much ex- ceeding the ae pod stout, 3. ak ES RE ae about 6 mm. long. —Ham , pine lands, and ee Coastal Play Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) 2. V. peninsularis Small. Shrub up to 4 m. b armed with slender spines mostly 1—3 long: leaf-rac ud glabrous: leaflets gla- brous the larger ones of each rachis 1.5- r m. long: e d eem 2 em. long, w few sessile glan Eme: slightly puberulent: ET yellow, less than 1 cm. in MIMOSACEAE 655 diameter: calyx about 2 mm. long: corolla about 2.5 mm. long, slightly exceed- ing the calyx: pod d inequilaterally Eu ae Lr i r less turgid, 3—6 cm. one M ei 5-5.5 mm. lon ng.—Pinelands and h n the Everglades, S. Fla.—All year n the d of the Toe. Florida Keys there is a dis opoponax, usually less than 1 m. tall, the pods are linear, S 10e cm. nome? curved and relatively stout-beaked. 3. V. densiflora eee Shrub up to 4 m. tall, ind with short spines olan less than ong: leaf-rachis P terminal mucro long-pubes- ent: leaflets SE E larger ones up to 3.5 mm ads ng: peduncles mostly pe than 1 em. long, rather stout in proportion, with numerous sessile resinous glands, accompanied by some caducous pu TERT eren deep orange-yellow, less than 1 em. in diameter: calyx about 2 mm. long: corolla about 2.5 mm. long, slightly exceeding the calyx: pod stout, As a short, stout beak, only slightly turgid, 3-5 em. long: seeds about 5 m ong.—Bayou-banks, fills, and waste-fields, along Pet near the Gulf Const, W "ls to Tex.—Spr. 4. V. insularis Small. Shrub up to 3 m. tall, armed with pale spines 1-2.5 e long: leaf-rachis glabrous: leaflets glabrous, the longer ones of each Pd. 1.5-3 mm. long: peduncle glabrous or with dA iac glands: spikes Jess than 1 cm. in diameter: calyx about 2 mm. long: corolla about 2.5 mm. lon ng, slightly exceeding the o pod nr stout, em not inflated, 2 5 em long, acute, but not beaked—Hammocks and pinelands, Fla. Keys.—All year. 6. LEUCAENA Benth. Shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly 2-pinnate: leaf- lets often small and numerous. Spikelets capitate. Calyx-lobes minute. Petals distinct, or rarely slightly coherent. Fila- | arl Pod li ments distinet or nearly so. od linear, flat.—About 10 species, mostly in tropieal America. l. L. glauca (L.) Benth. Shrub, or tree becoming 10 m. tall: leaflets 6- 12 mm. long; a narrowly elliptie to lanceolate, 9 mm. wide: spikes white or pinkish: ee 2-2.5 mm. xm or rarely bus . lon pod em ong. — (LEAD-TREE.) — EP ns Plaga, Fla. and eros I., Mex., C. A., S. uu All yea S8 (4°) ct & [am un un Pm Se B o UAN Medie. Perennial herbs, often somewhat woody near the base. Dentes bin leaflets small, numerous. Spikes capitate, white or greenish. Calyx-lobes minute. etals distinct, sometimes clawed. Filaments distinct. Pod flattish. [Desmanthus Willd.]—About 10 species, most of them in trop- ical Ameri Stamens 5: pods flat, broad, curved, in a dense-head: seeds few. 1. A. illinoense. Stamens S pods turgid, narrow, straight, spreading: seeds severa pe Eo een the lower pair of pinnae orbicular: pod 3-5.5 2. A. depressum. Gland between the lower pair of pinnae elliptic: pod 6-8 cm. 3. A. virgatum. illinoense (Michx.) Kuntze. Plant 3-12 dm. tall, glabrous or near] so: leaves with 20-28 pinnae; blades of the leaflets lanceolate to linear-elliptic, 656 MIMOSACEAE 2.0— Sila i ealyx about 1.5 mm. lon ng: arn 2.5-3 m I E: piod broad: pod b (Willa. ) "Benth; ]—(Pizckus- -WEED. )— soil wi? river banks, various provinces, Fh. iA . to Tex., Colo., Minn., and Ohi xm 2. A. depressum (H. B. K.) Kuntze. Stem 3-8 em. long: blades of RU narrowly elliptic, 2-5 mm. long: calyx 1.5-2 mm. lon petals 2.5 mm. long; ; can To pod 3-5.5 mm. Jon [D. dep . K.1 Pinelands = open sandy places s pen. Fla. and the Keys, and Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A gem 9. A. virgatum (L.) Medie. Stem 3-11 dm. long: blades of the vel rd x to elliptic, 4-8 mm. long: in about 2.5 mm. lon dox E 3 mm. long; blades spatulate: pod 6-8 cm. long. [D. virgatus Sud id | Hammocks and cultivated grounds, Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—Al 8. LEPTOGLOTTIS DC. Perennial bid or Rn woody plants, with spreading : or prostrate angled prickly stems. Leaves 2-pinnate, sensitive: leaflets numerous, entire. Spikes globular, bright-pink or rose-purple alyx- lobes minute. Petals united to the middle or above it. Filaments distinc Or nearly so. Pod narrow, Mies subulate or linear, t bcd [Schrankia Willd. Morongia Britto oe bout t 10 speeies, most of them in tropical an temperate Ameriea.—Spr.-sum. pend PLANTS. Blades of the leaflets prominently veined beneath. Blades of e. b flets obtuse or acutish; pod elongate, over 1 dm L. fioridana. Blades of the eee cuspidate: pod short, less than 1 long. L. Nuttallii. Blades of the leaflets not prominently veined beneath. Po d pru long-beaked, not densely DEickly: prickles e peduncles mostly p s wide at the base. Blades or the leaflets 3. 5-7 mm : pod mostly 9-15 L. microphylla. Blades lon the, leaflets 9. 5-8. 5 ae long: pod mostly cm. long, about L. angustisiliqua. Pod stout, short t-bo aked, den PE prickly: prickles of the peduncles mostly much widened at the base. L. Chapmanii. L. floridana (Chapm.) Small. Stem with the prickles wide at the base: pk with the midrib ending at or below the apex: pod mostly 11-15 cm. long, armed with broad-based oe long- ni beaked: seed about 3 mm S. flori- . M. uncinata G SE. U. S.) ] —Pinelands, Fla.—Spr.— 2. L. Nuttalii DC. Stem with the prickles. little, ie at all, dilated at the base: leaflets with arib oe as a terminal usp: perum tly 3-7 cm. long, armed wit slende er priskles Bde ea: seed 3.5-4 g.—D woods and pinelands, Coastal Plain and more northern provinces, Ala. to Tex., S. Dak., Ill, and S. C.—Sum fall.—This, the most widely distributed p our species of Leptoglottis, has usually passed Gades the specific name of uncinata. MIMOSACEAE | ^ 657 3. L. microphylla (Dryand.) Britton. Stem with rather slender curved prick- les: blades of the leaflets narrowly elliptie to var ee 3.5-7 mm. long: upper peduncles mostly shorter than the leaves: pod mostly 9- oA E long, much Pads than the peduncle: seed fully 4 m m. one "LS. angus .& angustata Britton M. microphylla Britton] —Dry oe a a du aie, Fla. to Tex., Tenn., and Va.—Spr.—fal 4. L. angustisiliqua Britton & Rose. Stem with weak rather distant prickles: . lon edu h blades of the leaflets od oe 2.5-3.5 mm. long: peduncles shorter than the leaves: pod 6- . long, nearly ‘or quite as ad as the peduncle: seed . about 3 mm. long. — Pinelands, S pen. Fla.—All year 5. L. manii Small Stem and leaflets as in L. microphylla: ape peduncles mostly longer than the leaves: pod mo ue 3.5-8 em. long, about a long as the peduncle or somewhat longer: seed fully 3 mm. long. [S. gina eee Chapm. |—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to to Tex. and N. C.—Spr 9. MIMOSA L. Shrubs or trees, or herbs, usually prickly. Leaves 2- pinnate: leaflets few or numerous, often sensitive. Spikes globose or cylindric. Calyx-lobes minute. Petals united to the middle or above it, or rarely distinct. Filaments distinct or nearly so., Pods clustered, flat, jointed.—About 325 spe- cies, mostly natives of warm and tropical regions.—Spr.-sum. or all year S. Peduncles shorter than the leaves: stamens as ay as the d with pune: like bristles in the margins, the faces glabro pudic gee as long as the leaves or longer: aa mens twice as as the corolla-lobes: pod bristly- pubescent all over. 2. M. strigillosa. dica L. Plant usually partly woody, the branches with loosely spread- hairs, pata Sani hirsute: leaves with 2 approximate pairs of pinnae ing or rarely with a single pai ; leaflets mostly 6-12 mm. long, pen is ' appressed stiff era. Lui, | í hairs: spike rose-purple: calyx minute: See is ae about 3 mm. long: pod mostly 1-2 Nea mm RENAN long, 3 ei between the joints: seed 2-2. long.—Waste-places, cult. grounds, and road- = sides, Coastal x" iur to Tex. Nat. o trop. Am.— (WW. I., Mex., C. A., 8. A., O. W 2. M. strigillosa T. & G. Plant herbaceous, the branches i appressed hairs: leaves with 5-8 pairs'of pinnae; leaflets smaller than those of M. pudica, with minute hairs or glabrous: spike deep-pink: calyx nearly : about 2 mm. 1 0.5 mm. long: corolla ut on j pod mostly 2-3 cm. long, 5 as mm. wide, sometimes slightly sige dA, on the central suture, about long.—Stream- banks, ha eks, pinelands, and meadows, Coastal Plain pur rarely adj. provinees, Fla. to "Tex., wee and Ga.— (4 fex.) 10. NEPTUNIA Lour. Perennial unarmed diffuse, prostrate, or floating plants. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaflets numerous, small. Spikes globose or ellipsoid, yellow or came yellow. Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube. Petals distinct or partly united. Filaments distinct or nearly so. Ovary short-stipitate. Pod oblique, ara only slightly so—About 10 species, natives of America, Asia, and Australia. a deltoid : pod-body somewhat rhombic-elliptic, usually very iequilateral, metimes curved, pubescent. 1. N. lutea. 42 658 CASSIACEAE Calyx-lobes lanceolate: pod-body broadly linear to linear-elliptic, only slightly inequilateral, straight. 2. N. floridana. 1. N. lutea (Leavenw.) Benth. Stem and branches short-villous: leaflets numerous; blades broadly meum eiliate: spikes very dense, terminating pubes- cent peduncles: od 3-5 em. long, the body Moist soil, often on prairies, various prov- inces, Fla. to Tex. and Kans.—Spr.-sum. 2. N. floridana Small Stem and branches sparingly Paper or glabrous: leaflets ery n blades narrowly linear to ee unes ciliolate: ‘spikes s lax, termi- nating glabrous ‘peduncles : pod 2.5-3.5 em. long, the body r elatively narrow, short- stipitate: seed elliptie c. — Pinelands, ham- mocks, and sea-shores, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.—(W. I. )—Spr —fall or all year S. 11. CAILLEIA Guil. & Perr. Shrubs with thorn-armed branches. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaflets very numerous, small. pues cylindric, the lower part of neutral flowers with long staminodia, the upper with perfect flowers, the two kinds Of flowers of different colors. Calyx-lobes much shorter than the tu e. Petals united Ss iddle a so. Ovary short-s DENN Pod linear, SS or Pus constricted between the seeds and tw —-Abou Species, natives of ane ree Asia and Australia. 1. C. glomerata Eta Macbride. Shrub m. long, finely pubescent: spikes very dense, oa dade neutral "flowers with slender pink or rose-pur p on erfect flowers with bright. yellow stamens: ealyx ~ lm ; lobes broadly deltoid: vu d er g; lobes la T to ovate-lanceolate: pod 5-7 cm. long, clus- tered: seeds ellipsoid.—Pinelands, S Fla. Nat. of Afriea.—( W. I.) —AIU year. FAMILY 17. CASSIACHAE—Senna FAMILY Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves alternate: blades compound, 1-2- pinnate, rarely 1-foliolate. Flowers perfect, polygamous, monoecious, or dioecious, more or less irregular. Calyx of 3-5, usually slightly united, sepals, sometimes borne on the edge oi a well developed hypanthium Corolla of 3-5 unequal distinct petals. Androecium of 6-10 distinct or nearly distinct stamens. Gynoecium l-earpellary. Fruit a legume.— About 90 genera and 1000 species, mostly tropical. Sepals, and petals, usually 5: stamens 5 or 10, sometimes partly represented by staminodia Corolla appa A papilionaceous: leaves with 1- foliolate blades. „Tribe I. BAUHINIEAE. CASSIACEAE Corola more or less irregular: leaves with pin- nately compound blades Leaves with 1-pinnate SERES Tribe Leaves with 2-pinnate blades Tribe Sepals 4: petals 3, and usually üccompunted by 2 rudi- ments: stamens = Tribe I. BAU Shrubs or mn trees with broad ie pu clusters of bright flower II. E Corolla nearly regular, the 5 petals slightly unequal: calyx- lobes obtuse: pod not elastically dehiscent. Pod tetragonal or nearly terete. uis ub: pod, indehiscent or opening irregularly: leaflets or mo HOD. pod dehiscent by both sutures: leaflets 6 or fewe Pod flat. Mee of ~ pod coriaceous, not impressed between t ma of the pod chartaceous, impressed between the see Corolla quite irregular, one of the lateral petals (standard) and the lowest petal large, ae other 3 D often da dd reduced : ealyx-lobes acuminate: pod elastically dehiscent. III. CAESALPINIEAE Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Flower with a very sed receptacle: stamens surpassing the petals: pod lea oid d a Jong reco adie; stamens shorter than the y. sepals : po wo Flowers perfec Pod long, po standard with a suborbicular or reni- orm blade. Leaf with a ve short petiole whieh ends in a spin each division “with a long flat phyl lode. like rachis. Leaf ti a decided petiole, the rachises not phyllode- Calyx-lobes valvate. Calyx-lobes imbricate, the lower one cucullate. Petals long-clawed: stamens greatly elongate. xb except the standard, P b or with very ort claws: stamens sh Pod short, *brickie-n ned: st a with a cuneate or spatulate blade. IV. TAMARINDEAE Tree with numerous fine leaves, pale flowers, and thick pod with sour pulp. Shrubs or trees. Leaves 1-foliolate: leaflet broad. Cal II. CASSIEAE. 659 III. CAESALPINIEAE. IV. TAMARINDEAE. 1. 2 4. 5. CERCIS. . ADIPERA. 3. EMELISTA. DITREMEXA. PEIRANISIA. 6. CHAMAECRISTA, 7. GLEDITSIA. 8. GXMNOCLADUS. 9. PARKINSONIA. 10. 11. DELONIx. POINCIANA. 12. CAESALPINIA. 13. GUILANDINA. 14. TAMARINDUS. ERCIS L. mos lobed: tube gibbous. Corolla pink-purple: keel-petals of the ae papilionaceous corolla longer than the others. Anthers short, opening lengthwise. Po very flat.—About 7 species, natives of North America, Europe, and Asia. 1. C. canadensis L. Small tree, with own ED-BUD. JUDAS- E.)—Dry rich "m often in ealeareous 660 CASSIACEAE regions, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Ohio, and Conn.—(Mez.)— Spr.—Often grown as an ornamental tree. . ADIPERA Raf. Shrubs. Leaflets few: blades of a lanceolate or ‘elliptic type. Flowers borne in terminal panicles. Petals 5, nearly equal. Perfect stamens often 7, accompanied by often 3 staminodia: larger anthers with stout disk-like tips. Pod stoutish, thick, in- dehiscent. Seeds transversely or obliquely plaeed.—About 8 species, mostly natives of tropical America. 1. A. corymbosa (Lam.) ces Rd m. tall: leaflets mostly 6; A late to p ar- ed or elliptic- -lanceo- ate, 2-5 ong, glabrous: panicle branches dine in corymbs: flowers bright- yellow: inn obovate, about 1 em. long: pod 7-15 e a ng, with convex de and furrowed Mice t Cassia corymbosa Lam ] — ( GOLDEN-SHOWER. )-— Woods, waste-plaees, and roadsides, Coastal Plain, Ga. to La. and Tenn. Nat. of Argentina—Spr.—fall pei d on account of its yis) a rs of E EN flowers.—A second spec A. bicapsularis (L.) Britton & Rose, with obovate or cuneate leaflet blades. ave been collected in S Ph. Pt i is widely bearer in the tropic 3. EMELISTA Raf. Herbs. Leaflets few: blades of an obovate type. Flowers solitary or clustered in the axils or aggregated in a terminal cluster. 1 al. tals 5, nearly equal in size, but unequa E. Z P slender, tetragonal or nearly terete, de- hiscent along both sutures. Seed longitudi- nally placed.—About 7 species, mostly na- tives of tropical America. 1. E. Tora E Britton & Rose. Plant nual, 4-15 dm. tall nearly glabrous: leaf- lets 4-6; odd obovate or cuneate-o obovate, Min slightly euspidate, hos terminal v rns the largest, 3-5 long: pet 2 elongate, between Hic lower pairs P laiis: setaceous: flowers yellow: sepals 7-9 mm. long, the larger ones PoS petals 13-15 mm. long, very diverse in shape: pod faleate, more less tetragonal, 3—4 mm. wide. ia Tora L.]—(CorFrFEE-WEED -POD.) — Pin 2d waste pod fields, and i ag various po Fla. to Tex., Kan and Va. Nat. of trop. Am.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., A.)—Su um.-fall, or all year 4. DITREMEXA Raf. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaflets several: blades mostly of an ovate, elliptie, or laneeolate type owers in axillary clusters or the upper clusters borne in an erect ect panicle, yellow. Petals CASSIACEAE 661 mostly equal in size, but unequal in shape. Perfect stamens usually 7, accom- panied by 3 staminodia: larger anthers unappendaged. Pod mostly flat, de- hiscent along both sutures. Seeds transversely placed or oblique.—More than 100 species, natives of tropical and temperate regions.—NIGGER-COFFEES. COFFEE-WEEDS.—The seeds of some species are used as a coffee-substitute. Blades of the leaflets of a lanceolate, ovate type, acute or acuminate, Leaflets with broad blades: gland near the base of the petiole pl aN pod thick-margined. . D. occidentalis. Leaflets with narrow blades : gland near the base of the petiole elongate. 2. D. ligustrina. Blades of the leaflets of an elliptic type, exceptionally elliptic- lanceolate, prominently mucronate. ue long- hai iry: pod-valves with divisions fully as long wide. 3. D. marylandica. Ona short-hairy : pod-valves with divisions much shorter than wide. 4, D. Medsgeri. 1. D. occidentalis (L.) Britton & Rose. Plant annual, 5-15 dm. tall, nearly glabrous: leaflets 8-12; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, somewhat acuminate, 6-5 em > long; : stipules broadly lanceolate: pet 15 “19 mm . Nice FFEE. STYP- TIC-WEED.)—Pinelands, cult. grounds, and Kans. and Va. Nat. of trop.— —(W. Te, Mez., C. A., S. A., 0. W.)— oum. or all year S. D. ligustrina (L.) Britton & bd se. re partly woody, 6—20 dm. tall, nearly iod ins ts 12-16; blades neo often narrowly so or inear-lanceo ate, = em. MS stipules linear-lanceolate: sepal 9-12 mm. long, the larger ones obovate: petals 13-16 mm. long: pod curved, flat, prominently margined, 7— - mm. wide. [Cassia ligustrina L.]—Hammocks, pen. —(W. I,)—All yea | D. marylandica (L.) Britton & Rose. Plant perennial, 8-20 dm. tall, sparingly abso leaflets 12-20; blades i s e gee d muero- nate, 4—5 long: petiolar glan nd obconi tipitate, near the base of the rachis: cone 6-8 mm. long: petals 10-12 m jor ps. = ee pod curved, somewhat aie 10-12 em. long: seed flat, nearly as wide as long. assia na ndica L.]—(WiILP-SENNA.)—Moist stream- banks and alluvial soil, various provinces, N. C. to Tenn., Ind., and Mass.—Sut 4. D. Medsgeri (Shafer) viae s Rose. Plant perennial, similar to 2. marylandica in habit: leaflets ; blades elliptie to elliptic-lanceolate, 3-6 em. lo mueronate: petiolar Ene subglobose, near the base of the rachis: stipules incdus sepals 5-8 mm. long: ‘petals 9—11' mm. long, obovate to broadly spatulate: pod faleate, glabrous, 6-10 cm. long, 8-11 mm. wide. assia Medsgeri Shafer.|—-(WILD-SENNA.)—-Woods, and pda various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Kans., la., an a.—Sum.-fall—Ditremexa Nashii Britton & Rose, closely related to D. Me edsgeri, but with the meu more ee approaching a "lanceolate type, occurs in central pen. Fla 5. PEIRANISIA Raf. Shrubs or trees. Leaflets| several or many: blades broadest above the middle or below it. Flowers in axillary clusters or 662 CASSIACEAE in terminal cluster-like panicles, yellow. Petals 5, unequal in size and in shape. Stamens usually 7, with 2 or 3 of the lower ones beaked, accompanied with usually 3 staminodia: larger anthers with a snout-like appendage: pod elongate, flat, dehiscent along both thickened sutures. Seed transversely placed.—A bout aR species, natives of tropical America. 1. P. bahamensis (Mill) Britton & Rose. Shrub 2 m. tall or less: leaflets 6-10; "m duc LA ovate or elliptie- -o to ERON mucronate, 1.5—4 em. pet gland depressed, betw love pair p leaflets or near it: _stipules vate to lanceolate: sepals 7— =. long: peii 10-15 mm. long, metimes NS smaller: pod flat, with lateral d | between the seeds, 9-11 cm. long, mm wide. ‘[Cassia bahamensis Mill.] — — Pine- eys.—(W. I. sd ear. A rub or small tree, Psilorhegma suffruti TT ue Britton (Cassia er eee Konig) f Asia and Australia, with numerous et and clusters of p Tn flowers, related to Ditremexa and Peiranisia, but with ten perfect FN is naturalized in ind pb t nian hammock, Mia Fla. A very showy shrub, Chamaesenns didymobotrya (Cassia di idymobotrya Forsk.), native à Africa, with racemes of large yellow TON glandular leaves, a thin flat re oceurs in vacant lots in Miami, Fla. Cassia biflora was first recorded from Florida by Chapman in on an imperfect specimen of Peiranisia bahamensis collected on Key Wes 6. CHAMAECRISTA Moench. Herbs or shrubs. Leaflets few or numer- ous, with 1, 2, or 3 glands near the lower pair. Flowers clustered in leaf- axils. Sepals nearly distinct, membranous. Petals mainly yellow or whitish, sometimes marked at the base. Pod flattish, linear, promptly dehiscent, the valves elastie.—About 100 species, widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions.—SENSITIVE-PEAS. SENSITIVE-PLANT. DWARF-SENNAS. HONEY-CUPS. BEE-BLOSSOMS. PARTRIDGE-PEAS. Corolla ni de. more than 1 cm. wide, one petal slightly larger than the other four: stamens 10: pedicel 7 mm. long or more, Plant perennial. Leaflets 8-14, pubescent: ee gland small: pod 4.5 e long or less, pubes- cent with incurved hai . C. kegensis ned 24—40, glabrous: aN gland large (1-2 wide od 6.5 cm. long or more, sparsely appressed ET nt. 2. C. Deeringiana. Plant annu Petiolar gland depressed, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: leaflets mostly more than 24. 3. C. brachiata. Petiolar gland not depressed, 1.5 mm. wide or less: leaflets Ecl fewer than Stems and pedicels with incurved hairs: pod QUUM quU ACE with short hairs. 4. C. fasciculata. ute. Leaflets te 56. large, 15- 20 mm. long: co- rolla mos stly 3-4 cm. wide. 5. C.robusta. Do CASSIACEAE 663 Leaflets 12-20, small, e mm. long: co- l rolla about 2.5 cm. wide. 6. C. depressa. Leaflets pubescent with incurved or spreading airs Eo and pedicel pubescent with incurved 7. C. mississippiensis. P and pedicel pubescent with spreading hair 8. C. littoralis. Corolla E less than 1 cm. wide: one petal much Harper s the other four: stamens 59: pedicel 1 long or more. Petiolar cmd a with a discoid head much wider than the stalk-like base: corolla with the odd petal twice as long as the others: pod pubescent with r Leaflets glabrous: sepals puberulent: pod finely ap- pressed-pubescent. 9. C. procumbens. Leaflets pubescent: sepals hirsute: pod h Petiolar gland with the head iie wider Em the 10. C. Mohr. stalk : corolla - nd the n pou less than twice as long as the others: po C. keyensis Poe a short and usually conto m stems S ry or several t together, 1-8 dm. tall, closely gray-hirsute: leaves gray-pubescent, the larger ones 2.5—8.5 em. long: petiolar gl .5 mm. wide: leaflets 4—9 pairs, 4-9 mm. long; blades oval, elliptie, linear, or obovate: sepals 8—9 m. long, or rarely larger, hirsute: petals deep-yellow, 9-10 mm. long: anthers reddish- ple land, Big Pine Key, Fla.— All yea 2. C. Deeringiana Small & Pennell. Root- stock horizontal: stems solitary or few to- her, 3-9 dm. t epr scoid, ee s wide: leaflets 12-20 pairs, 8-18 mm. long; blades linear or nearly rl or mucronate: sepals 10-12 mm , glabrous or | ei SO: Sia bright. yellow, 14-21 mm. long: anthers a or reddish, 8 m ong o od 5 wide, green: seed about 4 mm. lon ng.—Ro cky Kee Everelade -sum. po Keys, "Fla. "and lower Florida Keys.—Spr. 3. C. brachiata Pollard. Stem 8—24 dm ^er puc widely apenas: stipules eciliate: petiolar gland single or sometimes discoid or saucer-shaped, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: leaflets 10—25 pairs, oe mm. i. NM linear SA linear- lanceolate, acute-mucronate: pedicels glabrous or nearly so: sepals 10-12 mm. long, reddish " Far pod 6-10 em. long—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala.—All —A decoction made with cold water is used by the Semi- spe in cases of a een C. fasciculata (Michx.) Greene. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, often much- ee bout 1 e stipules eiliate: petiolar gland single, saucer-shaped, mostly ab wid hin-edg —12 rs or rarel , 9-20 m ng; "e linear- elliptic to linear, obtuse to acute, mucronate: pedicels pubescent with ineurv hairs: sepa ng, pubescent on the midrib: petals 10-17 mm re anthers 8— g, yellow rare eddish: pe 4—5 lo appressed-pubescent Ew Chamaecrista (Chapm. Fl.) Chamaecrista "betiula Pollard. ]— (Par RTRIDGE-PE SLEEPING-PLANT.)—Hillsides, open woods, and fields, various provinces, Fla. to C Tex., Kans., Minn., an as diced —fall. . C.robusta Pollard. Stem erect, 6-16 dm. tall, somewhat branched, hirsute: stipules 10-14 mm. long: petiolar gland saucer- -shaped, 1-1.5 mm. wide, thick- 664 CASSIACEAE edged: leaflets 9-18 pairs, 15-20 mm. long; gina linear- pd to Pied Or linear-lanceolate: po 2 sepals ane long, ute on the mid- oa petals 15- . lon hers 7-1 . lon a often re eddish: xi 5—7 m. long, hirsute — Bottom men and alluvial b banks, various poney N Fla. O The | tS La. , Mo., and S Ohio.—Sum.— flowers are sometimes w 6. C. depressa m eee a and branches diffusely spreading, 1-3 = tall, hirsute: stipules 7-9 m ong: pe - olar ae saucer-shaped, 1-1.5 wide, of un Boi. lea dier pairs, 8-12 mm. long; blades linear- elliptic to "broadly linear: bris n id also wit th some ue incurved hairs: sepals 9-13 mm. long, hirsute on the midrib: petals 13- ong: cm. long, hirsute. h Baci ode (Fl. SE. U. S. ) J= Pinelands and Apalachicola River hills, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala. —Sum 7. C. mississippiensis Pollard. Stem erect, 2-6 dm. tall, often diffusely branched, pubescent with fine incurved hans. stipules ciliate: petiolar gland single, br epos saucer-shaped, less than 1 mm. wide: leaflets 6-15 pairs, 5—12 mm. ; blades elliptie to is -elliptie or broadly linear, acutish to acute- Ru: pedicels with incurved hairs: sepals 5-10 mm. long, DE pubescent: petals 8-15 mm. long: anthers 7-9 mm. long, yellow: pod 3-5 AE be Ye essed- 0 al [C. Tracyt Pollard.]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Ala. —Sum 8. ©. littoralis Pollard. Stem erect, 4-8 dm. tall, more loosely pubescent than in the next preceding Pa stipules sparingly ciliate: Edad gland saucer- shaped, mostly 0.5—1 wide: leaflets 8—18 pai mm. long; blades linear-elliptie to broadly Tine ear: a ina. ed bios E mm. long: pet ar 12-15 mm. long: anthers yellow: pod 2.5—4 cm. lo ong, hirente —Sand-dunes and pinelands, Coamal Plain, W Fla. to E Tex. Sum 9. C. procumbens (L.)' Greene. Stem erect, 1—4 dm. tall, branéhed, minutely pubescent with incurved hairs: stipules finely ud 5-8 mm ong, ciliate: petiolar. gland single, — disk narrowed into the obeonie ba ase: leaflets 9-18 more, m. long; blades oe slenderly mucronate, ciliate: sepals 3—4 mm. long, mately puberulent on the midr ib: petals 3-8 mm. long: Do 2 yes n ng: pod 2. em. one appressed-pubescent. [Cassia nicti- tans L.]—(W SENSITIVE-PLANT.)— Sandy roadsides, fields, slopes, and open o P pcd rarely EN Plain, Fla. o Tex , Kans., and S Vt.— Sum.—fall amaecrista multipinnata Pollard c. multipinnata Nas hii Pol- lard], , with often narrower and more numerous leaflets (15-26 pairs), ranging f rom Fla. to Miss. and S. C., may be specifically distinct from ‘C. procumbens. - 10. C. Mohrii (Pollard) pus Stem 3-6 dm. tall, widely branched, ae coarsely pubescent with incurved hairs: stipules strongly ribbed, -10 one: ciliate: petiolar gland a en ar gael contracted into a lead: mnar base: leaflets 16-23 pair ong; blades br db. linear, a mucronate: sepals 6-7 mm io a especially on the midrib: petals 3-7 mm. long: pod 3—4.5 em ns t —Sandy fields and pine woods, Coastal Plain, Ga. to La. and Ark.—Sum.—fal 11. C. aspera (Muhl.) Greene. Stem erect, 3-7 dm. tall, und nid hirsute, (diffuse or uus Án with nc and smaller leaflets in C. Simpso onii) : stipules 8-11 m ong: petiolar gland single, stalked, the pin scarcely wider than the stalk. T ts 15-27 pairs, 8-15 mm. long; blades ly mucronate, eciliate: pedicels se ds pubescent: pate 3-5 mm bd uui on the midrib: petals 3-7 mm. long: anthers 2 mm. long, yellow 1.5-2.5 em. long, hirsute. [Cassia eae aspera Chapm. |— cae ee pinelands, and sand-dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. om re 1 E CASSIACEAE 665 Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene, with radially B branches and leaves with cordate stipules, glandless petioles and one pair of obovate leaflets, has been found along the railroad south of Orlando, Fla. Nat f W. 1 7. GLEDITSIA L. Trees with simple or e thorns. Leaves rela- tively small, 2-pinnate: stipules present. Racemes narrow, closely- idis Flowers green or greenish-white. Calyx- -lobes aes about as long as petals. Pod flat—About 6 species, natives of eastern North America be Asia.—Spr. Ovary glabrous: pod oval or elliptic, 1- seeded, or rarely 2- Seeded. 1. G. aquatica. Ovary pubescent: pod linear or elliptic- -linear, many-seeded. 2. G. triacanthos. . G. aquatica Marsh. Tree becoming 20 m. tall: leaflets 2—4. 5 em. lon blades oblong to ovate or sie e aer: sepals laneeolate to olliptic. 0 ique thin. — (WATER-LOCUST.) — River swamps and low hammocks, Coastal o and rarely adjoining provinces, Fla. to Mo., and 8. C. 2. G. triacanthos L. Tree becoming 40 m lustrous, pulpy within.—(HONEY-LOCUST. rmed in G. anthos inermis). The wood, hard and ridens is used where mda is “required. The tree is widely cultivated. 8. GYMNOCLADUS Lam. Unarmed trees. Leaves very large, 2-pin- nate: stipules wanting. Panicle loosely HONOR Calyx- lobes. acuminate, nea aa than the petals. P urgid.—One speci 1. G. dioica (L.) Koch. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark has bir with ong 5-9 pinnae; leaflets 2-7 em blades ovate or oval, acuminate ds 3 long: flowers greenish-white: sepals linear- ppc 5—6.5 mm. long, glandular-mar- in nore Do r pe , 1-2 dm. Iu seed n em. broa d,— (Kentucky n cM EU EAN.)—Rich woods, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Okla., Nebr., Minn., o and Pa Spr —The tree is widely ¢ cult. eae ental. The wood is sometimes dee in cabinet- E The seeds were pen used as a coffee-substitute. 9. PARKINSONIA [Plum.] L. Shrubs or trees, with simple or branch- ing thorns. Leaflets numerous, borne on the phyllode-like rachis. Blades of 666 CASSIACEAE the short-clawed petals mainly of an ovate type. Pod mar dnd torulose, the swollen portions nearly terete.— Three species, na- tives of tropieal ie poe America and Africa. 1. P. aculeata L. Shrub or small tree: leaves 2-4 dm. long, the rachis winged; leaflets numerous, bur Ed blades linear to linear-oblanceolate, 1— 10 m m. long: dn. elliptic, 8-10 m m g: pet als 10-17 m long, bright-yellow; blades except mu of standard, oval or ovate: pod 5-10 s e guste lag HORSEBEAN. CROWN THORNS. JERUSALEM-THORN N.) Roadsides, pum and stream-banks, m ous provinees, Fla. to s de Calif. Nat. of trop. Am. and a ult.— —(W. I Mez., C. A., —Spr.- —EÉExtensively grown as an ornamental and as a hedge- -plant. Nov ow quin od far beyond its MAR poscis limits. 10. DELONIX Raf. Unarmed shrubs or spreading trees. Leaflets rela- tively small and numerous: blades narrow. Sepals much shorter than the petals. Blades of the petals mainly flabel- late, all long-clawed. Pod elongate-linear, flat, the valves woody.—Three species, na- tives of Africa l. D. regia (Boj.) Raf. Shr ub or tree the Keys. Nat. o ada pe and cult.—(W. I.)—Spr.-sum.—The m gorgeous of our trees when i oom. The massive clusters of large crimson or orange-eolored flowers are COND CONS before the leaves unfold. 11. POINCIANA [Tourn.] L. Erect mostly unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaflets usually few and cd uod m de broad. Sepals much shorter than the petals. a petals, except the standard, absllate. bs flat, narrow, the valves thick-coriaceous. Seed flattened.— About 6 species, of tropical and subtropical regions. pulcherrima L. Shrub or small tree: de P. leaflets numerous; blades elliptic z ee 15-25 mm. long: sepals ng: filaments 40-45. ong: pod 9—13 Ei long.—(BARBADOS-FLOWER, D - POIN A LOWER-FENCE.) — Hammocks and iud S pen. Fla. and the Keys. CASSIACEAE 667 Nat. of I.—All year.—Extensively grown as an ornamental for its con- tinuous flowering habit. 'The pods are elastieally dehiscent. 19. CAESALPINIA L. Erect unarmed or slightly armed shrubs or trees. Leaflets usually few and relatively large: blades broad. Sepals slightly shorter than the petals. Blades of the petals coriaceous. Seed flattened.—A bout spe- cies of tropical and subtropical regions. 1. C. e (Griseb.) C. Wright. Shrub 2 m. tall or less: leaflets glabrous, mostly 6-12 on EUN pinna; blades elliptie to ob- o ; 2 . lo als 8—10 long: filaments 8-11 mm. long: pod elliptie, 2-3.5 an lon ee lower Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—Sum Ticanto Nuga (L.) Medic. A tough woody vine with greatly eo stems and a bipinnate leaves with coriaceous leaflets, racemes or pan icles of bright -yellow flowers, and flat, oblique, indehiscent ods, is a native “of the East Indies, "eulivated and locally naturalized in S F 13. GUILANDINA L. Reclining or spreading prickly shrubs. Leaflets relatively few or numerous and large: blades broad. Sepals as long as the petals or nearly so. Blades of the narrow petals mainly spatulate. Pod nearly as wide as long, turgid. Seed turgid—About 12 species, mostly West Indian. —Nickers. HOLD-BACKS. WAIT-A-BIT VINES.— The pods are rather tardily de- hiscent. Leaves with foliaceous stipules: seed gray or lead- colored. 1. G. Crista. Leaves without stipules: seed yellow. Leaflet-blades neither rounded nor retuse: corolla 2.5 cm. wide or : 2. G. Bonduc. Leafiet-blades rounded or retuse: corolla 1.5 cm. wide or less. 3. G. ovalifolia. 1. G. Crista (L.) Small. Straggling or spreading shrub: leaflets numerous; b ndn n elliptie- -ovate, or nearly elliptic, 1.5-3.5 em. long, mucronate: racem r panicles 1-4 dm. sepal 9-11 m ong, pues rd „petals dull- yellow, the narrower ones 10—1 long, truncate and 3-toothed “the uds nes oval Or di iar id 5-7 em. long.—(GRAY- KER.)—Low hammocks, and coastal sand- dunes, S pen "Fla, and the K sd: —The seeds are sometimes nuin green, 2. G. Bonduc L. Plant similar to G. Cri ag YELLOW- d uA — Coastal sand-dunes and shore-hammocks, S pen. Fla. and the Ke eys. —(W. I.) 3. G. ovalifolia (Urban) Britton. Straggling shrub with curved or hooked prickles; leaflets numerous, the blades oval or suborbicular, varying to ovate or 668 KRAMERIACEAE obovate, mostly 1-2 em. long, rounded or retuse and mucronate at the apex jas , 15-2 dm. long: bracts spr eading : corolla light-yellow, less than 1. 5 m. wide: pod obo wate, 6-8 cm. long, prickly all over: seed yellow or yellow- i ich eee S Fla.— (W. I.) 14. TAMARINDUS [Tourn.] L. Unarmed trees. Leaves relatively small: eaflets numerous. Sepals 4. Petals 3, often with 2 additional rudiments. 3, e mi ia. Ovary elongate. Pod indehiscent, suc- eulent within.—One species. 1, T. indica L. Tree with spreading branches: leaflets 18-36, 12 em. long, the blades elliptie to linear- “elliptic, becoming reticulate:. sepals 10— ong: petals yellowish or reddish, $16 long, erisped: pod thick, 6—13 em. long, more or less curved, the edges rounded MA- — Hammocks an lt. grounds, Ever- glade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys : d eult.—( 4 Mes., C. A., 8. A.) —Spr.-sum — The green fruit is used to make an acid drink and the ripe fruit may be eate Famity 18. KRAMERIACEAE — Ruatany FAMILY Shrubs or perennial gs Leaves alternate: blades pon or rarely 3-foliolate. owe rregular. Calyx of 4 or 5 unequa sepals. Corolla of 2 seale-like Rud. 3- dared partially united petals. eee cium of 3 or 4 stamens with partially united filaments, the anther-sacs opening by terminal pores. Gynoecium 1-carpellary, the ovary pubescent and echi- nate. Fruit indehiscent, spine-armed.—Comprises the following genus. 1. KRAMERIA Loefl. Herbs with prostrate stems, or spinescent shrubs. Calyx with petaloid inner sepals. Fruit w hu ——About 20 species, American. The flowers, mainly r r yellowish, hav superficial a i some orchids, end are frequently fragrant. orb and sto rown es, the body globula E. secundiflora (Fl. SE. U. S.)] —(SANDBUR.)—San p nds and sand i T Coastal Plain, Fla. a The G eolor > e foliage of the prostrate branches rA |n the plants scarcely dis- ed shable from the: sand in which the Th nts, however are readily seen when in flower on account of the decided purple of the petals. FABACEAE 669 Faminty 19. FABACEAE — Pra FAMILY Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate: blades 1-compound, sometimes 1- -foliolate, o or bebe! simple. Flowers mostly perfect, irregular. Calyx o or ual partially united sepals. Corolla of 5 (or of i etal in 1 Amorpha) mE distinet or nearly distinet petals compris- ing 2 keel-petals, 2 wings and 1 standard whieh surrounds the others. Androecium ps 10 monadelphous, diadelphous, or rarely distinet stamens, or rarely . Gynoecium l-earpellary. Ovary superior. Fruit a dehi us or CE legume or a loment.—A bout 325 genera and 5,000 species, most abundant in warm and temperate regions. Stamens 10; filaments distinct. Leaflets pinna ate. Tribe I. SOPHOREAE. Leaflets ee : Meri or simple. Tribe II. PODALYRIEAE. n Kd 10 um few filaments monadelphous or dia- elph Leuf-rachis terminated by a leaflet, at least not pro- ed into a tendril or spin Fruit 2-valved or indehiscent, “put not a loment. pou ES S or pubescent, but not glandu- ar- Ans of 2 kinds: filame nts monadel- . phous: leaflets digitate: calyx 2-lipped. Tribe III. GENISTEAE. Anthers al alike: Pamani usually diadel- hous (the upper filament is some- securely 2. -lipped, except in Bonaveria. Blades m the leaflets toothed (in our l Speci Tribe IV. 'TRIFOLIEAE. x of the leaflets entir Fil nts, at least 5 (alternately) dilated a ove: aus Solitary o in umbel: like oe Tribe V. LOTEAE. dns all filifor D or Soon if woody the keel of the co- Ma neither coiled nor much = in r pocket in the base connective produced into a small a Haee Tribe VII. INDIGOFEREAE. Wing-petals without spu pocket " he e of the blade anther-con- Ie not uced Leaf blades pinnately i several-foliolate. Tribe VIII. GALEGEAE. Leaf-bla e 3- foliolate and ually with stipules ee capt in - Galactia Elliottii), Tribe X: PHASEOLEAE. Le Pod indehiscen t. Tribe IX. DALBERGIEAE. NE vin keel of the olla much curved or coiled. Tribe X. PHASEOLEAE. Foliage glandular-dotted or warty. Tribe VI. PSORALEAE. Fruit a loment, breaking up transversely into i-seeded sectio ns. Tribe XI. HEDYSAREAE, Leaf-rachis terminated by a tendril or by a spine or a bristle. Tribe XII. VICIEAE. I. SOPHOREAE Inflorescence racemose: pod moniliform. 1. SOPHORA. Inflorescence paniculate: pod flattened. 2. CLADRASTIS, Pes PODALYRIEAE Ovary sessile or nearly so: pod 3. THERMOPSIS, Ovary manifestly stalked : pod nana or turgid. 4. BAPTISIA 670 FABACEAE II. GENISTEAE Herbs: calyx-lips, at least the lower one, with long lobes. Stipules at least the upper vos decurrent: pod inflated. Stibules not decurrent : pods Shrubs: calyx-lips with very small lobes. IV. TRIFOLIEAE Pod curved or coiled. Standard with a broad n uus coiled. Standard with a narrow blade: pod curved. Pod straight. Pod centrally beaked ; valves leathery. Pod obliquely beaked ; valves membranous. V. LOTEAE Calyx Saeed irregular but not 2-lipped: pod not beaked, de- m 5: stipules foliaceous : flowers in umbel-like clüs- Leaflets 1-3: stipules gland-like: flowers solitary. Calyx 2-lipped: pod long-beaked, indehiscent. VI. Psor po dis. from the staminal-tube: au. bone on the of the hypanthium Sh Mm ovary 2-6-ov uled : pod 1- or 2-seeded: corolla with the standard HL Heu Lu 1-ovuled : pod 1-seeded : corolla with stand- wings, oe kee Pod indehiscen Lea 2 5153 foliolate, UR 2 finely warty: seed Me adnaté to the peric p of the leaflets COMINUS toothed : pod wit short persistent beak, the body prominently Blades of the leaflets entire: pod with a long s E beak, the body not bul Leaves “digitately ‘compound, if Dey 3- pod with foliolate in O. virgatum, t d em large Aaa projections : pe iu t ad- B. to b us: Leaves pinnately 3- foliolate. Leaves Bigitately compoun Pod circumscissile or irregularly bursting, sharply beake Petals, DADA the standard, adnate to or borne on the stami- Stamens 10 or 9: wings and keel-petals borne near the middle of the staminal tube. Stamens b: wings and keel-petals borne near the top of the Scania tu Spike not subtended by an involucre: calyx-lobes nar- row or broad but shorter than the tube: standard lade much wider than the other petals. Spike subtended by an involucre: calyx- lobes bristle- like, much longer than the tube: DOS slightly wider than the other petals, long-cl VII REAE Firm-tissued or partly woody herbs with pink or salmon-pink corollas and stout or slender often curved pods. VIII. GALEGEAE Shrubs or trees, or woody vin Vines with high climbing oiy stems : pod turgid. Shr oe ay am b? Herbs. PPM Re Leaf-blades eq Suus vina ac Pods cus d d re or less compressed, but very thick | Pod. qo rA M seeded, with thick margins, seeds not in a bladdery envelope Standard broad and longer nan the keel petals: yx with acute or acuminate lobes D. 6. LUPINUS. CROTALARIA. 7. CYTISUS. 13. 14. EA EA 21. 23. 25. 26. 5. 6. . MEDIC ; ACE ELLA. . MELILOTUS. . TRIFOLIUM. ACMISPON, BONAVERIA. AMORPHA. CULLEN. ASPHALTHUM . ORBEXILUM : Reece. 20. PEDIOMELIUM. PAROSELA. . PETALOSTEMON. KUHNISTERA. . INDIGOFERA. KRAUNHIA. ROBINIA. . SESBAN. FABACEAE Standard narrow and shorter than the keel pet- als: calyx with broad, low lobes Pod 2-seeded, the margins thin : seeds remaining in the bladdery inner part of the pod when the Pods 4-sided and aln e Leaf-blades unequally pinnate af-blades with parallel ‘veins running from midrib to margin. Pod Pod 1- celled, pem partition, if any, r Bot utures inflexed, each v AA circular in cross-section. Upper suture prominent the pod obcordate in cross-sectio with a false partition arising from the dorsal suture. Pod without a false partition. IX. DALBERGIEAE. ac e 1-foliolate: pod -flat. Pod suborbicular: calyx not 2-lipped: bicular-reniform b m Pod elliptic: calyx 2-lipped: standard-blade ellip- ov. Leat blades ph pinnately several-foliolate: pod broadly 4-winged ru standard-blade or- Pod winged. Jongi Pod drupacroun Subglobose. PHAS AE Keel of the corolla neither coiled nor deines "incu ved. Style Lr or sparingly pubescent below or near the Standard not PUTTER at the base. Corolla yellow Pod 1- or 2.s Flowers solitary or occasionally 2 or 3 to- gether, sessile or Short- iei as pepe ms Calyx Bor 2- lipped ; lobes nearly equal, Be 2 upper scarcely more united than e 3 lower: pod scimitar-shape Calyx 2- lipped. the lobes d bue upper lip artly united : pod elliptic or rhom- bic, often inequllatera much eeding the calyx er mostly exceeded by the c blade of the une dcus BOHcIed ides: calyx accrescent. Corlia blue, aera Pod ion "torulose corolla scarlet. Cal rcely 2-lipped: ES T oeral and keel-petals much longer than V Pod m cu oe torulose: corolla blue, pur- Standard much shorter than the even or und wrinkled : peed with ilu herbaceous vines. Pod transversely ride : E with a band-like hilum: woody v aana nearly or quite as i595 pr Y keel. Calyx subtended by 2 bractlets. 28. 32 Q3 36. 4i. A 43. 44. . CAJAN 48. . MUCUNA. 4. 2. AGATI. GLOTTIDIUM. DAUBENTONIA. . CRACCA. . GEOPRUMNON. 33. ASTRAGALUS. HOLCOPHACOS. TIUM. PHACA. . ECASTOPHYLLUM. . AMERIMNON. ; ee ANDI PITCHERIA. DOLICHOLUS. LEUCOPTERUM. RHYNCHOSIA. . ERYTHRINA. 47. MICROPTERYX. STIZOLOBIUM. | 672 FABACEAE Standard and the filament opposite, partly adnate. pn n the ene opposite, free from each other Calyx without bractiets Calyx-tube campanulate ; lobes longer than the tube: wings and keel- p with blades longer than the Calys-tube cylindric ; ; lobes shorter the tube: wings and keel- petals with ‘blades shorter than the Standard spurred at the Style. p along the uppe side. bs several foliolate : Dod: -valves flat, ribles Tear E n D ate: pod-valves convex or "with 2 promi- Keel of ie cao coiled or curved. Keel spirally twisted. Leaflets not stipellate, 5 or more. oo stipellate, 3. Keel incurved. Wnoteacends capitate. Pods flattened. Pods nearl e. Inflorescence racemose or paniculate. pe somewhat reniform: blades of the eel-petals sickle-shaped: pod flat, with beaded es. Standard-blade suborbicular: blades of the keel- petals curved: pod turgid, with smooth edges XI. HEDYSAREAE Corolla yellow s "lowers perfect. Leaf-blades unequally compound : stamens diadelphous por spathe like, the 2 long lobes minutely toothed the X: standard- blade longer than wide, oie gl: the base: wings and keel-petals ses- Pac or short-clawed, minutely auricled at the ase. Calyx not spathelike, the short lips prominently lobed: standard- e as wide as long or wider, oo ate at the base: keel- and wing-petals slen- -clawed, moment. auricle: peter equally compound : stamens oe aves pinnate: calyx- -tube greatly Eat Leaves digitate: calyx-tube not elongate Howe monoecious, a at least some of them sterile, others ANE 2 2 kinds. Anther e Corolla white, "ie e iolet or eaflets stipellate : a j^ Several joints. Loment-joints oe Reed thin owers in r or panicles Flowers in ‘solitar ry 2—4 together in axillary clusters on opposite HO Jeaves. Loment-joints subterete or s and nc n Leaflets not stipellate: loments of 1-2 joi XII, Vic Herbs, diffuse or climbing by the tendrils that — the Dr achis: seeds dull-colored, not persi Sue with a tuft of hairs at the a M flattened, Ateius along the inner side. Partly woody vine with twining branches: leaf- rachis ter- minating in a spine: seed ee except the black base, Somewhat persistent on the po 50. DIOCLEA. 51. GALACTEA. v Dia. PUERARIA. 52. FALCATA. 53. BRADBURYA. 54. CLITORIA. 55. MARTIUSIA. 5 LYCINE. 57. PHASEOLUS. 58. STROPHOSTYLES. VIGNA. 0. DOLICHOS. 61. CANAVALI. 62. AESCHYXNOMENE. 3. SECULA. 64. ARACHIS. 65. ZORNIA. 66. STYLOSANTHES. V 67. CHAPMANIA 68. MEIBOMIA. 69. SAGOTIA. 70. ALYSICARPUS, 71. LESPEDEZA VICIA. 73. LATHYRUS. T4. ABRUS. 1. SOPHORA L. Shrubs, trees, or herbs. Leaf-blades several-foliolate. Racemes erect. Calyx nearly equally 5-lobed or truncate. Standard markedly FABACEAE | | 673 elawed. Wings M. keel-petals aurieled on one side. Pod thick. Seed thick.—About 25 species, of warm and tropical regions. shore-hammocks, S pen. Fla. an e Keys, and S Tex.—(W. I.)—All year. . CLADRASTIS Raf. Trees. Leaves with obsolete stipules and many- foliolate blades. Panicles drooping. Calyx nearly tubular, about equally ed. Wings and keel-petals about equally ae. oblong. Pod flat, ee eee: Seed flat.—One species 1. C. lutea (Michx.) Koch. pu becom- 1 ing 17 m. tall: leaves 2-4 dm. long; blades of the leaflets oval, elliptie, PR or sub orbieular any-flowered: ealy bluffs, various provinees “N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Mo., Ky., and W N. C.—Spr.-sum.— ften grown for. ornament outside of its natural range. The hard, close- grained wood is used for various objects and yields a yellow dye 3. THERMOPSIS R. Br. Perennial herbs. Leaves with large stipules and 3 leaflets. Calyx with an entire or slightly lobed upper lip and a 3-lobed lower lip. Corolla yellow or rarely purple: standard broad: blades of the wings and the keel-petals ovate, elliptic, or obovate, auricled on one side Style usually shorter than the ovary. Pod sessile or nearly so—About 20 species, natives of North America and Asi Stem virgate: raceme dense, spike-like: pod erect and appressed : blades of the leaf- lets not rhombic. 1. caroliniana. Stem widely branched: raceme lax: pod spreading: blades of the leaflets somewhat rhombic. BEALE RH the pedicels during anthesis: calyx pubes- without. Pod "broadly linear ; stipe 1/5-1/6 as long as the body. 2. T. mollis. od narrowly li near ; stipe 1/10 as long as the body or 3. T. Hugeri. Bracts shorter than the pedicels: calyx glaucous without. 4. T. fraxinifolia. T. caroliniana M. A. Curtis. Stem 6-16 dm. tall, often w tufted: blades of the leaflets oblanceolate to elliptie: raceme-rachis woolly: calyx 13 674 FABACEAE woolly; lower lobes oo about 14 as v S the tube: pod long, tomen- E AUG ON ’S-ROD. )— Woods, o ae ne Appalachian provinces, Ga. nn. and N. C.—Spr.—Often n grown as a 2 plant. 2. T. mollis (Michx.) M. A. Curtis. Stem pubescent, 3-9 dm. tall: raceme-rachis to- mentulose: ealyx den Rd M ene without: lower calyx-lobes trian shorter than 3. T. tees Small. Stem pubescent, 3—7 dm. tall: raceme-rachis mee pubescent: calyx more or less Henn without: lower ro -lobes lanceolate, mostly about as long as the tube: ovary linear: pod 5-9 em. long.—Woods and thickets, Blue Ridge, Ga. to | C — Spr. 4. T. fraxinifolia (Nutt.) M. A. Curtis. Stem glabrous, 3-9 dm. tall: raceme rachis mostly gl Pu calyx poe heu dis cay iobes deltoid, dd less than 15 as long as the tube ary very narrowly linear: pod 7-1 . long.—Dry OUS Re thickets, Blue. Ridge to A d Bic fen n Tenn. and N. C.—Sum 4. BAPTISIA Vent. Perennial herbs with rootstocks, the Mad often blackening in drying. Stipules not decurrent on the ste m, sómetimes de- ci Leaflets mostly 3, di = usually broadest above the middle. somewhat 2-lipped. Corolla white, cream-colored, yellow, blue. Style o inflated, beaked, stipitate.—About 24 species, North American.—FALSE-INDIGOS. WILD-INDIGOS.—In the first group the leaves are simple Leaf-blades simple, rarely lobed: stipules wanting. I. SIMPLICIFOLIAE. Leaf-blades 3-foliolate: i asd present. Plant bushy-branched: flowers axilary to leaves n m ranches, sometimes the ne n branches termi- nated by a cluster of "few flow II. TINCTORIAE. Flowers in terminal panicles, the lateral branches of the panie gies with bractlets, but usually without III. CALYCOSAE. Flowers in bracted racemes whic are apparently lat- eral by the prolongation of a eia shoot. IV. BRACTEATAE. B I in erect terminal racemes Ln are naked by the early falling of the small bra V. ALBAE. I. SIMPLICIFOLIAE Leaves with perfoliate blades: flowers axillary. 1. B. perfoliata. Leaves with sessile blades: flowers r racemose. 2. B. simplicifolia. TINCTORIAE Stipules foliaceous, more or less adnate to the leaflets towards the ends of the e 3. B. microphylla. t Keel han L 5 em. long: leafieis small (1-3 em.) ; blades an o SE or cuneate t Pod-body oval or ellipsoid, a aiy beaked. 4. B. auo Pod-body EUER or globose-ovoid, abruptly beaked. 5. B. Gibbes FABACEAE 675 Keel more than 1.5 cm. long: leaflets large (4-10 cm.) ; ades of an oblanceolate or elliptic type. Standard-blade broadly reniform: pod-body subglobose to globose-ovoid, somewhat ieu short-bea 6. B. lanceolata. Mis E blade orbicular-reniform : pod-body narrowly void or ellipsoid-ovoid, with lateral ridges, d. *. B. elliptica. e Calyx-lobes about as long as the Ule not foliac 8. B. LeContei. Calyx-lobes several times pedi Rer the tube, fonia casu S. Foliage glabrous or nearly : ealyx-lobes sparingly ciliate or ultimately eciliate. 9. B. calycosa. Foliage copiously hirsute: calyx-lobes permanently shaggy- ciliate. 10. B. hirsuta. IV. BRA TAE Plant with horizontal or nearly "nm pu the ra- cemes borne on the under side of the branches, sometimes nearly or a on the ground. 1. B. bracteata. V. ALBAE o e or yellow. Corolla yellow. i pubescent: ovary silky: pod decidedly acuminate. 12. B. villosa. Calyx glabrous, EE the ciliolate edges: ovary gla- brous: pod abruptly pointed. Pod ellipsoid or oval: corolla over 1.5 cm. long: blades of the leaflets mostly of an elliptic type. 13. B. megacarpa. Pod cylindraceous: corolla less than 1.5 em. long: ae of the leaflets of an ohovale or oblanceolate 14. B. Serenae. Corolla ite. Corolla 1-1.5 D long: pod-body cylindraceous, 1 cm. thick or les Inflor Bee o Bis and pedicels pd nt. 15. B. albescens. Inflorescence-rachis and pedicels glabrous 16. B. alba. Corolla 2 cm. long or more: pod-body oval, between 1.5 and em. ic k. 17. B. leucantha. Corolla blue. 18. B.australis. 1. B. dese (L.) R. Br. Plant with several st tiff, ing branches less than 1 m. tall: leaves perfoliate, mostly vertical; blades DR. oval, or ovate, 5- long, both - -1.5 em. long, i beaked.— B GOPHER-WEED.) — Sandhills, Coastal Plain, C Fla. to S. C Spr Plants green. S I Croom. Plant 1 m. tall sually much-branched: leaves mE pos ovate v val, 3—10 long, obtuse or E pd. at t apex, sessile. flowers in terminal racemes, p pedieelled, yellow: ealyx RM without; lower lobes narrowlv ovate; upper p broad, entire or minutely notehed: standard pu -reniform: ovary pubescent: pod- body ellipsoid or ovoid, less than 1 em. long, long-bea aked Seen ie EED.)— Pinelands, M Fla.—Sum.—Plants dry blac 3 "4 microphylia Nutt. Plant tall or less, the d numerous Mind glabrous: leaves i E. xy fol cons stipules; lea 1-5 e ng, blades obo neate, or E pd elliptie: flowers s ellas ‘ to 3 3- foliolate or 1-foliol nrbis yellow x glabrous without; lower lobes deltoid or often pen than IW ide; upper io eee standard-blade suborbicular or wider han long: pod-body oval or subglobose, about 1 em. long or less, short-beaked. Sandhills, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and S. n s —sum.—-Plants dry green. 676 FABACEAE 4. B. tinctoria (L.) R. Br. Plant very bushy, with slender branches, mostl 1 m. tall or less, glabrous: leaflets 1-3 em. long; blades obovate to spatulate- cuneate: calyx becoming 4-5 mm. ae lower lobes deltoid, acuminate: corolla —14 mm. 9 mm. wi yellow; wings 12—14 long; blade of the standar d-body 8-11 mm. long, acid than the Bender stipe.—(HONESTY-WEED. RATTLE-WE SHOO-FLY. YEL W WILD-INDIGO.)—Dry woods, b aee and roadsides, often in acid soil, rdi provinees, N. C. to La., an —Su m—Plants dry black. Southern mountain folk use the m "both for dye and as a fly- brush. . Gibbesii Small Plant similar to B. tinctoria in habit: leaves smaller f; ds iuis more euneate: flowers yellow: pod-body 6—7 mm. long, about as long as the stipe or shorter.—Sandy woods, Coastal Plain, S. C.—BSpr.-sum. B. lanceol joe Rn Plant mostly less than 1 m. tall, the bap eed u mm. lon ng: od-body as wide as ong, orn bale SO ance or less 2-lobed, short- stipitate, the valves somewhat woody, SP in ‘age. —Dry piace Coastal Plain, Ala. to N. C.—Spr. 1.5 em. ; , rely shorte ith very b blades: pod-body much longer than thick, not lobed, pee ERE "the valves parehment-like, copiously pubescent —Pinelands, N Fla a.—Spr. B. Le Co ntei & G. Plant bushy, 1 m. tall or less, pen ie ieee: Pius leaves 3: foliola te, with minute stipules; leaflets 1—4 cm. long, the blades ee spa atulate, or narrowly cuneate, sparingly a ees M eR in terminal panieles with incu bracts and minutely bracted flower-stalks: ese finely pu a. lower lobes lanceolate or subulate-lanceolate; upper bs mostly entire corolla dos ; dp FE suborbieular: ovary pu pod-body ellipsoid, less than 1 cm. long, narrowed at both ends, short- beaked, finely pubescent. E aa aoa. Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.—su —Plants dry gree calycosa Canby. Plant usually less than 1 m. tall, with many E | ae branches: leaves with elliptic as ea ate stipules m ostly 1-2 e long; leaflets 3, the blades spatulate to n wly cun g, us r ly pubescent: br and bractlets hie to elliptic, foliaceous: calyx glabrous except the sparingly cili lobes; foliaceous, ali five nearly equal: corolla yellow; standard-blade suborbicular: ovary glabrous: Pa -body narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid, about 1 cm. long, glabrous, gs beaked.—Pine- lands, E Fla.—Spr.-sum.—Plants dry black. 10. B. hirsuta Small. Plant about 1 m. tall or less, with numerous straight lets 3, the blades spatulate, obla late, a na el . long, hirsute: braets ps dede similar is the stipules: calyx hirsute; all five lobes foliaceous, the o (upper lip) united for about half their length: corolla “yellow sob dard. blade suborbieular: ovary hirsute: pod-body broadly ovoid, nearly 1 cm. long, pubescent, Wl e ed. [B. calycosa villosa Canby.] —Dry Ru pinelands, W Fla.—Spr.—Plants dry green. FABACEAE 677 11. B. bracteata Muhl. Plant less than 1 m. tall, the stout pubescent stem with widely spreading branches: leaflets 5-10 cm. long; blades ee to -0 1 S short colored; standard-blade fully 1.5 em. vide Sith bon spots | k pele als over 2 em. long: pod-body ellipsoid, 4-5 long, short-stipitate, igi aked.— (CREAM WILD- -INDIGO. n k woods, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Ga. and N. C. —Spr.—Plants dry blac 12. B. villosa El. Plant less than 1 m. tall, the stout pubeseent stem wit spreading zigzag branches: leaflets 4—12 em. long; ; blades elliptic to rhombic- o r elliptic, or individually oblanceolate or obovate, coriaceous, r te: racemes ? t 1 stout, naked: calyx-lobes shorter than the tube, the lower ones Diog e ovate: corolla yellow; standard-blade about 2 em. wide; keel-petals abou m. long: pod-body ellipsoid or nearly so, 2.5-3 ng: em. long, long- stipitate, ae der —Sandy woods, often on sandhills, Coastal Plain, S. C. and N. C.—Spr. 13. B. Neu de pedis Plant more than 1 m. tall or less, the stout stem terminating in & long raceme and with Uds branches which bear short pees B “leaflets = ‘8 em. long; blades elliptic, varving to broadest above eae eae or ae it, thinnish, minutely pubescent pode or merely glaucous: nal raceme m ered: ealyx-lobes much shorter than the tube, the je a deltoid or deltoid. dba: corolla pale. a standard-blade oa 1.5 em. wide; keel-petals nearly 2 em. long: pod-body ellipsoid or nearly 2: 5 em. long, parchment-like, slender- -stipitate, n en beaked. 2 E! stly on mum s, Coastal Plain, M Fla. and S Ga. (to Ala?).— Plants dry gree 14. B. Serenae M. A. Curtis. Plant about 1 m. tall or less, the slender stem with ie or ears fara ge leafy branches which often terminate in short racemes, the main terminal raceme elongate: ets 1-3 cm. long or rarely longer; blades obovate, cunea e-obovate, or spatulate-oblanceolate, glabrous, pale beneath: ra e slender ealyx-lobes shorter than the tube, the lower ones triangular or ovate- iia nnus “corolla hace -yellow; a a less than m. wide; keel-petals less than . long; pod-body e cylindraceous, 2 em. "s Ba ‘stipitate A Coastal Plain, Ga. and S. C.—Spr. 15. B. iris Small Plant mostly 1 m. tall or less, rather pd. the stem green, with ascending branches and a short raceme: leaflets 3-6 long; blades elliptic. PF elliptic-oblanceolate, deep-green, sparingly E ut be- neath: raceme short; few-flowered: ealyx-lobes shorter than the tube, the lower ones ovate or d eltoid- ovate: corolla white; standard-blade 15-18 mm. wide; keel-petals ind ne tee 1.5 em. long: "pod-bo dy cylindric, = = 5 em i E —(SPIKED-INDIGO.) — Blue e and adjoining provin Ga. and N. C. Spr. cms ps green. The stem and calyx are ene ae 16. B. alba (L.) R. Br. Wien Md 2 m. tall or E slender, the ar green or purple with horizontal bra and a slender virgate erect raceme: leaflets 2—5 em. long; blades iau. n to elliptie-spatulate, light-gre a racemes, at least the main one, often conspicuously elongate, many-flowered, slender: ealyx-lobes much shorter than the tube, the lower ones deltoid, or bro ader Ei long: corolla white; standard-bla de PE mm. wide; keel- -petals less t e ong: pod-body cylindric, 2.5-3 em. long or rarely shorter, short- stipitate. —Rich woods, often z Po Coast al Plain and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to N. C.—Spr.-sum.—Foliage dries green. The pod is erect. 678 FABACEAE 17. B. ee T. & G Pl ind E 5 m. tall or less, stout, the stem glaucous, with ascending branches: leaflets 2.5—6.5 cm. long; blades obovate, cuneate, cuneate-obov ate, or nearly ipte, deep-green: racemes stout: calyx-lobes s delt standard. blade 1.5-1.8 cm. wide; keel-petals fully 2 cm. long: pod-body oval, I: long, rather slender- -stipita ate. — (WHITE WILD-INDIGO. PRAIRIE-IN- RUNE “Riv 'er-banks, woods, pinelands, and prairies, various provinces, N only e of the Blue Ridge, N Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and N. C.—Spr.-sum.—The pods are drooping. 8. B. australis (L.) R. Br. Plant 1.5 tall or less, stout, the stem E is en ie Or d branched branches: leaves rela- tively few, with slender petioles; leaflets 4-8 cm. long, the blades cuneate to oblan sane ie. mcs: elliptic, or ' elliptic: calyx glabrous; lower lobes deltoid to ovate, much shorter than the tube: corolla eee -blue; blade of the standard about 1.5 cm. wide; kee Ann ol a abou em. lon ng; pod-body ellipsoid, 3-3.5 long, hort-beaked.— — (BL S T woods and river- ces n. a.—Spr.—Foli age bla in drying. ten E in gardens, ducsia its natural range, for the bunt blue inflorescence 5. CROTALARIA [Dil.] L. Herbs. Stipules often decurrent on the stem or branches. Leaflets 3 or 1. Calyx with a gini) 2- lobed ud r to eylin M —Abou Species, mainly ropieal regions.—Spr.—fall or all year sae od Set of the pate Species are grown as garden plants. aurieled blades broadened upward: blades E the keel-petals broadly hin e- shaped. Pod globula 250 of Leaves with 1-foliolate blades. Standard shorter than the calyx or about equalling it: blades of the upper leaf- lets linear, elliptic, oval, or lanceolate: stipules more or less decurrent. I. SAGITTALES. Standard much longer than the calyx: blades of the upper leaflets of a spatulate or oblanceolate type: stipules not de- current. II. RETUSAE. Leaves with 3-foliolate blades. III. INCANAE. SAGITTALES Ec Mee erbicular or oval blades pects e stems potas or decumbent. Ste ranches, ae peduncles with relatively long loo on Paes hair 1. C. rotundifolia. Stems, branches, ind peduncles with short appressed hairs. 2. C. maritima. Menus with linear, lanceolate, ue elliptic blades predominat- ng; stems erect or ascen din Stems appressed-pubescent : « eem inconspicuously oe aly. m ong, pubescence tawny: row, not inflated. 3. C. Linaria. em. long or more, the pubescence pale: pod hick, turgid. 4, C. Purshii. Stems loosely pubescent : calyx.loosely pubescent. 5. C. sagittalis. II. RETUSAE Flowers subtended by minute eaducous bra ets. . C. retusa. Flowers subtended by ovate, cordate, persistent bracts. C. Retz. i III. INCANAE Plant annual: pod 2.5-4.5 em. long. Racemes short and stout: calyx-lobes lanceolate: keel with Short blunt beak. 8. C. incana. a long and slender: calyx-lobes subulate-tipped : eel with a slender acute beak. Plant T pod 1 . C. striata. . C. pumila. A co FABACEAE 679 1. C. rotundifolia (Walt.) Poir. Stems radiating from the stout root: blades of the lower leaflets orbicular to obovate; of the upper ones oval, oval-ovate, or broadly elliptic: sah page p cen standard 11-14 mm. long: pod silipsold: inces, Fla. to La. and Va.—(Mec., C. S. A.) 2. C. e Chapm. Stems radiating from a stout root: blades of the lower leaf- i ‘suborbieula to oval; or of the upper ones calyx strigose: standard 9-12 od ellipsoid, 2-3 g the Seminoles e for sore-throat. There is much variation in the leaf- lets. Although typically of a broad type, Hes on elongate branches often have narrow blades 3. C. Linaria Small Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the wiry stems tawny- piden. iN eer on cae woody root: blades of the leaflets linear, often narrowly s or those of M lower leaves sometimes linear-elliptie or oblanceolate, an DS 8- cent like the stem: stipules ros d ealyx strigose: eorolla bright-yellow: pod d cione 1.5—2 lo ng— Pinelands, hammocks, and shell-mounds, iin along the coast d. . Fla. and the Keys.—Plants are perennial. Stems re o oft ten numerous on n the woody root. The si narrow blades of the dps aad small purple calyx are distinctive characters. Stipules may rare present. 4. C. b caen DC. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stems C Or esca on the o S rairies, sand-dunes, and gra woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. a Plants des ge Stipules : are usually present, but often very small. C. sagittalis L. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem villous-hirsute: blades of the leaflets elliptie to laneeolate or linear- ]anceolate: stipules eonspieuous: ealyx sely-pubescent: corolla pale-yellow: pod ellipsoid, 2.5—4 Sar i ee Gals EA.)—Dry woods and sandy banks, various a boa Fla. to , S. nd m W. I., Mex.)—Plants are annual or the South ee perennial, Stipu ules are usually present, and e sone oe de uec on the stem, thus inverse-sagittate. 6. C. retusa L. Plant 4—9 dm. tall minutely pubescent: blades of. es Vas) nu to PONE not bristle-tipped: sti ipules minute: ealyx 12—14 long; lower lip. a than the tube: standard with a saborbieniar or uid E. reniform blade 22-26 mm. wide: pod nearly cylindric, 3-5 em. long.—Pine- ands and sandy AT waste- -places and roadsides, S pen. Fla. Pr the Keys. Nat. of E. I.— —(W. I., Mex boo et ons db 7. C. Retzii A. Hitche. Plant erect, up to 1 m. tall, finely pubescent: blades s the s d to cuneate, often bristle- tipped: stipules broad: yx —18 mm. long; r lip longer than the dn Tu Be S lanceolate: corolla yel- nay standa rd atha a suborbienlar blade abou n diameter: pod slightly broadened upward, 3-5 cm. long. [C. spectabilis Both) — —Cult. grounds and roadsides, pen. Fla. and the Keys. Nat. of E. I.—(W. I.) 680 FABACEAE . ©. incana L. Plant erect, the stem finely and rae p pubescent, 3-8 dm. tall: blades SA the leaflets o val to obovate: yx becoming 10-12 mm. long: keel 14—16 mm. long: ovary ferte pod a ellipsoid, 2.5—4 cm. long. R eue "n uad. and waste-places, pen. Fla. and the Keys. Nat. of tropic 9. C.striata DC. Plant erect, m 1.5 m. n or less: blades of the leaflets oval, ee or ole 2.5-7 . long, minutely pubescent beneath: calyx becoming 5.5-6.5 m m long; bes leader pred. longer than the tube: keel 12-14 mm . lon 2 utely pubescent: pod turgid, cylindric-clavate, 3.5- ng: 4.5 em. long, Eus bea ked.- Waste e-places, pinelands, and roadsides, pen. Fla. Nat. of E. I.—(W. I., S. A., O. W.) 10. C. pumila Ortega. Plant decumbent: blades of the leaflets cuneate to ipto: cumento: = becoming 4-5.5 mm. long: keel 8-10 mm. long: ovary pu : po de or ellipsoid, 1-1.5 cm. long.—Hammocks, pinelands, and des pin PPM pen. Fla. and the Ke eys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 6. LUPINUS [Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or died herbs, or woody plants. Stipules not decurrent. Leaflets several-many or rarely 1. Calyx with a lobed upper lip and an entire or slightly 3-lobed id lip. Corolla variously colored or white: standard without callosities: wings with blunt aurieles: keel-petals add shaped. Pod ellipsoid - linear.—About 120 spe- cies, natives of temperate and warm regions.—LUPINES. [4 Leaves not evergreen; blades palmately several-foliolate: foliage Pa or incon- spicuously pubesce nt. I. DIGITATI. Leaves evergreen; Pene 1-foliolate: foliage copiously and conspicuously pubesce II. SIMPLICIFOLII. I. Dic Upper calyx-lip half-orbicular, with a i eg note and 2 del- toid lobes 1. L. perennis. ro calyx-lip deltoid, with a deep notch and 2 lanceolate 2. L. Nuttallii. II. SIMPLICIFOLII Blade of the standard with a white spot. BE blade orbicular-reniform: stems prostrate or de- cu 3. L. diffusus. Stan dard-blade ovate: stems erect. 4, L.cumulicola. Blade of the standard with a red- aure Bla a pos Een Me Dean with a Feud ani auricle: hairs ueh shorter than the ovary: pod elliptic, Shout E» em. "lon ng. 5. L. Westianus Blades of the keel-petals with a broad basal auricle: hairs of the piau “aa than the ovary: pod broadly linear, l 3.5-4.5 c ong. 6. L. villosus. 1. L. perennis L. Plant 2—6 dm. tall, the pal d early deciduous: leaflets 7—11; blades oblanceolate to elliptic, obtu use o ronulate: lower lip of the ‘calyx with the middle lobe acute and p R Pg jecting beyond the others ol blue purplish-blue: pod 7-8 mm. wide, DE pedi- pep A UNDIAL-LUPINE — Ope woods elds, in acid sandy soil, ous pensa cg Fla. to La., Minn., and "Me.—Spr 2. L. Nut d = Wats. e smaller iem more slender in L. , but with the stipules docere and the leaflets ae their blades narrow, mostly spatulate and acute: lower lip of the calyx with the middle lobe obtuse and about equalling the others: corolla blue: pod mostly 9-10 mm. wide, FABACEAE 681 hort-pedicelled.— (SANDHILLS-LUPINE. )—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—Spr. a br gigs Nutt. Stems and branches several to many, close-together at top Oo root, prostrate or decumbent, ce in erect panicles: re lodos pus narrowly obovate, or uin 4—10 em. long; corolla deep-blue, oe the white center of the sta andard: Ei d as wide as bl ong or wider ade bo Ps petals nearly as wide long: pod broadly linear, rather flat, 3.5 m. long, silky, the beak m dui —Pinelands and oak ridges, Coastal T Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.- 4. L.cumulicola Small. Stem d dp En 1.5-15 dm. tall, branched above, the branches terminating in erect panicle : leaf- blades hae or elliptic, varying to broadest above the middle or below it, 3—15 em. long: corolla sky- blue, except the mn. center of the standard: standard i than wide: blade of wing-petals much longer than wide: pod linear, turgid, 4-5 c . long, silky, the aa d upward.— (SKY-BLUE LUPINE.) — Serub and sandhills. pen. Fla.—Wint.-spr. . L. Westianus Small. Stem big] pags erect, 3-12 dm. tall, branched oe ae Es ed terminating pan icles: leaf-blades elliptic or nearly s 5.9 c . long: corolla ‘bright. "Dus men the red-purple spot in the Re i the standard standard with an orbicular-ovate blade: pod elliptic, turgid, about 2.5 em. long closely shaggy- e the beak nearly central.— Sand-dunes along or near the coast, M and W Fla.—Spr. 2 Eos villosus Willd. Stem and end close E at the top of the root, radiating, prostrate and term ing in erect, stout, dense panicles: loaf. vite, elliptic, Mu ME is acar elliptic, or s ob- lanceolate, 4—15 em. long: corolla MPa -lilac or purple, except e deep- purple or red-purple center of the Pd standard with a con blade: pod broadly linear, flattish, 3.5—4 E long, shaggy with m E or li tangled long irs, the beak la e 7. CYTISUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs with much-branched stems, sometimes broom-like.. Leaflets 3 or 1: blades narrow or broad, mostly entire, or obsolete. Calyx with an ohseurely lobed upper lip a a minutely 3-lobed lower lip. Corolla mostly dod standard with a broa d blade: wings with broad auricles: keel-petals with broad blades. Pod rather narrow.—About 45 spe- cies, natives of the Old World.—Brooms. 1. C. scoparius (L.) Link. Plant with many stiff erect sharp-angled branches, 1-. 1.5 m. tall the je Pune finely pu- bescent: leaflets 3, or upper leaves; blades obovate to dle, rur m. long, s Or te, ceme leafy- cted: calyx abou ong: iiw: buch dons baec. suborbiewlar, 1.5-2 cm. long: pod broadly linear, 4—5 em. long, long- -ciliate -—(BEs OM. GINSTE ScoTcH-BROOM. )—Roadsides, banks, and m various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. S. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.—In part parasitie on oak 682 FABACEAE 8. MEDICAGO [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs, or partly woody plants. Leaflets 3, pinnate. Racemes capitate or slightly elongate. Calyx- r violet: wings with a hooked auricle at the base of the blade. Style very short, at pasa oe than the ovary.—About 50 species, natives of the Old World.—MED Corolla Er or blue: standard with an elliptic or cuneate blade: perennial up- ri pla I. SATIVAE. Corolla yellow standard with a blade about as broad as long: annual spreading or prostrate plants. II. LUPULINAE. I. SATIVAE pu often bushy branched: flower-clusters conspicuous: pod isted. 1. Af. sativa. I. L rod ee: l-seeded: blade of the keel-petals longer than the 2. M. lupulina. Pod prickle-armed, : several-seeded : blade of the keel-petals shorter an Stem and branches downy-villous: stipules entire or toothed. 3. M. minima. Stem and dee glabrous or nearly so: stipules incised. Pod loosely coiled, not furrowed on the edge between the prickles: style Der. short 4. M. hispida. Pod tightly coiled, furrowed on the edge between the prickles : style slender 5. M. arabica. 1. t L. Leaflets 8-16 mm. TEN blades cuneate-obovate to cuneate or oblanceolate: calyx 4-6 mm. long: standard 8-10.5 mm. long: pod 3-4 mm. broad.—(ALFALFA. Lu )—Fie nd Can -sum —Extensively grown as a fodder. 2. M. lupulina L. Leaflets 5-15 mm. lon ng; blades obovate or rhomboidal: ealyx 1.5-2 mm. long: ndard 1.5-2 mm. long: pod 2-3 mm. broad; strongly se BLACK-MEDIC. HoP-M DIC. )—W aste- places and roadsides, various Dor ees, U.S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu u.—Spr. -gum.' . M. minima L. Leaflets 0.5-1.5 em. long; blades bro cal or ngo cuneate, rounde d or truncate at the apex, denticulate: ealyx pubescent, 2. 5-3 mm. long; lobes as long as the tube or longer: a ellow, 3—4 mm. long: pod closely twisted into 4 p 9 eoils, 5-8 mm. br RA di edges armed with toothed prickles.—Road- sha waste-places, and cult. grounds, SUM Plain and adj.. provinces, Fla. to and N. C. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.- 4. M. hispida pies ios s 5-15 mm. long; blades cuneate to oval, green: ealyx 2.5-3 mm. long: keel- ud mostly shorter than the broad wings: pod with 2 or 3 coils, pe 8 mm. broad. [M. denticulata Willd.]—( BUR-CLOVER.)— Waste-places, fields, and roadsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. and N. S.; also Pacific States. Nat. of Burasi sia.—(W. I., Meg., C. A., S. A.) 5. M. arabica All. Leaflets 10-25 mm. long; blades peel cuneate to obovate, usually with a brown spot in center: calyx 2-2.5 lon ae eel- petals mostly jou e the wings: pod with 3 or 4 coils "6-9 br oad. M. maculata Sibth.]— (SP MEDICK. )—Waste-places, roadsides, “fields, v eult. grounds, various provinces, M Fla. to La. and Ñ. B. Nat. of Eu—(8$. A 2) FABACEAE 683 9. TRIGONELLA L. Annual or rarely perennial herbs, with erect or spreading stems. Leaflets 3: blades broadened upward, toothed, commonly sharply so. Flowers perfect, in short ra- cemes or panicles, or od ey alyx-lobes nearly oe narrow. Corolla yellow, blue, or white: standard ay an obovate or cuneate "— blade: s mide or ovate, longer than the rounde Style very short or subulate. Pod d narrow, i dehiscent or ne ce so.—About 50 species, mostly of the Old World temperate regions. T. monspeliaca L. Plant finely pubes- cent: stem simple or branched, 0.5-4 dm long: Le > the blades cuneate to ob- t ovate, 3-11 mm. long, sharply toothed above the middle: riens elustered: ealyx 2—2.5 m eee than the tu : eo n yellow, about l5 longe than a andard cuneate, 3-3 ong, emarginate: pod lin ved, T ee n reticulate, finely pubescent —Dry soil, fields, and hillsides, Coastal Plain, Nat. of Eu. Ala. 10. MELILOTUS ['Tourn.] Juss. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaflet 3-pinnate. Racemes gr da inv and ultimately interrupted. Calyx- lobes nearly equal, shorter than the tube. Corolla yellow or w ite: wings with a slender auricle at the base P the blade. Style long. Pod stout, straight.— About 20 species, natives of the Old World.—Sum.—SWEET-CLOVERS. MELILOTS. Corolla 4-9 mm. long: pod 3-4 mm. long. Corolla white: Sdn surpa e sing the wing-petals. 1. M. e yellow : standard shorter Pe the wing-petals. 2. M. Du dim Corolla 2.5 mm. long or less: pod a mm. long. 3. M. indica. 1. M. alba Desv. Leaflets lr em. long; blades linear-elliptie, oblanceolate, or elliptic: racemes 4-15 em. long, or becoming longer: calyx-lobes slightly shorter than the tube: Keel-petals about equal to the wing ry S pod 3 : by 2 ee MELILOT WHI T-CLOVER. )— cult. a. ad river bad especially in calcareous regions, various pro ovinces, nearly throughout U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu. 2. M. officinalis (L.) Lam. Leaflets 1-3 em. long; blades narrowly elliptie, oblance olate, or oval: racemes 2—12 cm. long: calyx- lobes about % as long as the tube: "Rech petals mueh shorter than the wings: ovary stipitate: pod about 4 mm. long, pubescent. — (YELLOW-MELILOT.) — — Waste- -plaees, E grounds, and roadsides, often in ealeare soils, various provinces, nearly throughout U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu. 3. M. indica (L.) All. Leaflets 0.5-2 em. long; blades elliptic, oval, cuneate, or obovate: racemes 1-2 em. long: corolla yellow: pod about 2 mm, long.— 684 FABACEAE (INDIAN-CLOVER.) —W aste-places, fields, and roadsides, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., and S northward to E Canada; also Pacifie States, and rarely in the in- terio at. of Eurasia. 11. TRIFOLIUM [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaflets 3, digitate or pinnate, or rarely 5 or 7. Calyx-lobes nearly equal, or the 2 u longer than the 3 low e e times partly united. Corolla bina colored or white: standard elliptic or obovate, or elongate and clawed: other petals with long claws, the ounded aur at e base of the blade.—About 275 A natives mainly of the north temperate zone.—CLOVERS. "TREFOILS.— Various species, particularly T. pratense and T. hybridum, are grown for iin Corolla white or colored but not yellow Racemes peduncled: claw of the ndari shorter than the 2e except in T. appaceum, which has the corolla shorter than the calyx ur o not 2-lippe rolla hare than the caly Sta ndard with the blade "Ioa than the claw: mature racemes ellipsoid: corolla white. I. ARVENSIA. Mieres with the blade shorter than the claw: racemes globular: corolla pink. II. LAPPACEA. Corolla. longer than the calyx. Calyx-lobes plumose: raceme cylindri III. INCARNATA. Calyx lohee not plumose: raceme glo bul Plant annual or biennial: calyx- e ed times donor than the tube. IV. REFLEXA. Plant perennial: calyx lobes and tube about qual in length. V. REPENTIA. e Calyx 2-lipped. VI. CAROLINIANA. ra sessile: claw of the standard longer than the VII. PRATENSIA. Corolla ne VIII. AGRARIA I. ARVENSIA Plant with grayish-pubescent foliage and silky-plumose racemes. 1. T. arvense. II. LAPPACEA Plant with glabrous foliage and sparingly hairy racemes. 2. T. lappaceum. III. INCARNA Plant erect: flowers ascending or nie P ndum in cylindrie somewhat plumose racem 3. T. incarnatum. IV. REF Plant with several to many radially M stems at maturity: flowers i erred strongly reflexed, forming a depressed flat-topped h 4. T.reftezum. REPENTI Calyx-lobes subulate, not dilated, the sinuses pubescent. Upper calyx-lobes slightly united : blades of the keel- petals longer than the claws. pper AR a er nee blades of the keel-petals r th 5. T. stoloniferum. shor 6. T. hybridum. Calyx-lohes lanceolate dc pé with dilated bases, the es glabro Sanct not Dro nineniy veined, serrulate; terminal leaflet longer- sore page E the lateral. T. T. repens. Leaflets prominently veined, spinulose-serrate: terminal leaflet not longerstetked than the lateral. 8. T. saxicola. VI. CAROLINIANA Slender depressed herb with slender peduncled small capi- tate racemes: corolla white, pink, or purplish; standard abruptly pointed. 9. T. carolinianum. VII. PRA Coarse erect herb with sessile large risus racemes: corolla red or magenta, or rarely white; standard obtuse or nearly truncate at apex. 10. T. pratense. FABACEAE 685 II. AGRARIA Terminal Miu longer-stalked than the lateral ones: stand- ar en Racemes 8- 12- flowered, much less than 1 em. long. 11. T. dubium. Racemes 20-40-flower ed, about 1 em. long. 12. T. procumbens. Terminal leaflet not longer- stalked than the lateral ones: standard with toothed edges 13. T. agrarium. arvense L. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, Ls eds iR leaflets 1-2.5 em long; blades e to oblanceolate, entire o or nearly so: racemes 1-3 cm. long: calyx 4.5-5 mm. long; i ome subulate, plu- mose: standard 3-3.5 long, the blade nearly elliptie, whites (oun FIELD CLOVE ABBI R. STON banks, fields, and roadsides, various prov- inees, Fla. to Mo., Ont., and Que. Nat. of Eurasia.—Sum. 2. T. lappaceum L. Stem glabrous: leaf- cemes 1-2 cm. in diameter: ealvx 6-7 mm. long; lobes filiform-subulate, with d Rede. long spreading hairs: stand- ard 5 long, the blade ovate, pink. Waste- places, and roadsides, Coa stal Plain, Ala. and Miss. Nat. of Mediterranean reg. 3. T. incarnatum L. Stem 2-9 dm. tall, like the branches appressed-pubes- cent, or somewhat villous: lea ee 1-4 em. long; blades obovate to orbicular- aioe or broadly cuneate, denticulate, finely veined ; raceme cylindric, 3—8 em, long: calyx densely sie een a 2-lipped ; lobes setaceous, longer than the tube, those of the upper lip slightly longer than those of the lower lip: corolla p eee 11-13 mm. long, linear-spatulate.—( CRIMSON-CLOVER ITALIA —Fields, waste-places, and roa ur various provinees, N. and a oli L. of the to Ark. and Me. Nat. of Eu. ustt Mediterranean reg., with linear lenfet blades LM slightly exserted corollas has been found in Montgomery Co., 4. T. reflexum L. Stem decumbent or spreading, villous or downy: leaflets 1.5-3 em. long; blades elliptic, elliptic-obovate, or suborbieular, denticulate: cea UR 8 mm. long; lobes Sn subulate, ciliate: sta ndard oval, 10-12 ong, r red o or purple.—( BUFFALO-CLOVER. )—Dr ry fields and sandy T various provinces, northward only W of Blue Ridge, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., N. Y.—Spr. Ont > T. stoloniferum Muhl. Stem M) spreading, glabrous: leaflets 1-3 em. long; blades obovate, broadly cuneate, or nearly orbicular, denticulate: calyx 5-6 mm. long; lobes ‘much longer than the tube: standa rd oval or oval-ovate, 10-12 mm. long, white tinged with purple —(Bu FFALO-CLOVER. RUNNING- CLOVER. idi. and prairies, various provinces, Tenn. to Mo., Nebr., and Ohio.— 6. T. hybridum L. Stem erect or decumbent: leaflets 1-2.5 em. : blades oval to elliptic, varying to ovate or obovate, or suborbicular, perde calyx 3.5—4 mm. long; lobes about as long as the tube: standard elliptic, 7-9 mm. long, pink or rarely nearly white: db. mostly shorter than the ovary.— (ALSIKE-CLOVER. SWEDISH-CLOVER. ALSATIAN-CLOVER. )—Fields, roadsides, and waste-places, various provinces, rid connor U. S., and S "Can. Nat. of Eu. and cult.—(W. I.)—Spr-fal 686 FABACEAE 7. T. repens L. Stem pu leaflets 9-15 mm. long; blades obovate to orbicular-obovate or oval: calyx about 5 mm. long; shorter lobes abruptly acuminate from dilated bases: standard elliptic, 7-8 mm. long, white: style mostly longer than the ovary.—(W CLOVER. DUTCH-CLOVER.)— oadsides, fields, woods, and waste- places, various ; provinces , U. S. and S Can.—Flourishes on the highest mts. and in the coastal dicc of the Gulf of Mexico; DE. for some time when naturalized in S Fla Sum. or all year S. 8. T. saxicola Small. Stem creeping: leaflets 3-8 mm. long; blades oe g Br M S is usually shorter than the blades: style mostly shorter than the ovary.—Granite roeks, Stone Mt. on the Piedmont of Ga.—Spr.- 9. T. carolinianum Walt. bos ascending or decumbent, pubescent: blades of A leaflets obovate to cuneate: calyx p lower lobes mueh shorter n the linear-lanceolate ea a. standard white, pink, or purplish: free he filam dy soi S : ] er N.—Spr. fall.—T. nigrescens, Viv. of S Eu. with glabrous foliage dd iege and corolla twice as long as the calyx and T. resupinatum o d Mediterranean reg., with an inflated calyx, at maturity, have been found about prends Hil, Ala. . pratense L. Stem 2-7 dm. tall pubescent: leaflets 1—4 cm. long; blades elliptie or oval: ealyx about 8 mm. long; lobes filiform, the longest one mueh longer than the tube: corolla Ls purple or white: standar 2—14 m long, the claw very broad.—(RED R. E ME me rem places, roadsides, and woods, various pede y Us ds Can. Na : Eu. and eult.—Sum. urishes best at no altitudes. in mts.; somewhat a when E n S Fla.— "T. glomeratum L., h globular racemes less than 1 cm. in diameter, ws “petioled, small leav Ho d short broad-based spreading calyx- ery and T. suffocatum L., with long petioled leaves; both glabrous e n s c d reg., have been found at Sno w Hill, Ala. lso T. striatum L., cylindric racemes and calyx- De iere 03 the tube, Pu die nc region, has been found near Bowman, Ga. 11. T. dubium Sibth. Plant erect or ascending, diminutive: leaflets 4-8 mm 2 racemes m ESL ane: hour) less than 2 mm. long: wing- petals s 2-2. e-places and fields, - various prov- inees, Fla. to "Tex, P. C. E Mass. "Nat of Eu. d T. procumbens L. Plant prostrate or procumbent, diffuse: pone 6-12 . lo racemes rather perius 20—40-flowered: calyx mostly over 2 mm. ped wing- petals 3-4 mm —(Low HOP-CLOVER.)—Fields, ended: and waste-places, various 22 N. Am. , except the extreme N. Nat of Eu. 13. T.agrarium L. Plant ereet or pil SO: i e pid 10—16 mm. long; racemes densely a -flowered : x 2.5-3 mm. long: wing-petals 4-5 m long.— ( HoP- ER ELLOW-CL ovsn.)—‘hickets, fields, and waste- E various e. Ga. to Ia., Ont., and N. S. Nat. of Eu. 12, LOTUS [Tourn.] L. Herbs with diffusely spreading branches. Leaf- lets 3: blades entire. Flower-clusters long-peduncled. Calyx obscurely 2- ‘lipped: lobes slightly unequal, long and narrow. Corolla yellow or reddish standard with a br de: other petals slender-clawe he blades of oad bla the wings prominently auricled: keel-petals strongly curved, Scis broad.—About 70 species, widely distributed in the Old World. FABACEAE 687 L. direi dr Plant po with de several or many decumbent or ending bra ; dm. g: leaflets 35 blades bovate to elliptie, 6—1 lo calyx 7 a 8-9 mm. long; s subulate, the larger ones as long as the tube or nearly so: corolla bright yellow or partly reddish; standard 11—13 mm. long; blade cuneate to reniform: pod 2-2.5 em. long, the body narrowly linear, with a slender-subulate dm oii 's-roor TREFOIL, CAT-CL ne D-HONEYSUCKLE. ) — Waste-places and ballast Coa ed Plain, Atlantie and Gulf States. Nat. of Eurasia 13. ACMISPON Raf. Annual or perennial herbs or woody plants. Leaf- lets 3, pinnate, or solitary. Flowers er axillary. Calyx-lobes nearly equal, usually elongate. Corolla usually pinkish; standard with a broad blade and a short claw: other petals with distinct PACA the blades slightly auricled: keel-petals scythe-shaped.—Six or 8 species, ee in western North America. Calyx-lobes less than twice as long as the tube, not surpassing wings. A. Heller Calyx-lobes fully twice as long as the tube, surpassing wings. 24. A —6 A ! : osac 2 a Piedmont, S. N. o 2. A. americanum (Nutt.) Rydb. Plant 2-6 tall, the branches villous: leaflets 8—25 long; blades mostly elliptie to ovate: e tube densely pubescent: claws of the keel-petals about 14 as long as the blade.— Dry soil, various provinces, Tex. to Calif., Wash., and Minn., eastward to Ala.—Sum.-fall. 14. BONAVERIA Seop. Herbs with diffuse branches and nearly glabrous foliage. Leaflets several, pinnate: blades entire. Flowers in peduncled heads. ea oe he lobes about as long as tube, 2 upper ones decidedly united. em Sd standard broad, d than the other petals, clawed: wings longer than the incurve eel. Pod longa faleate, flat, slender-beaked.—One spec = B. aig rie Scop. Plants a 1 tal or less: leaflets 1-2.5 long; blades — elliptic- Bun po r tru and apieulate at the apex: pe- d ues near the base: calyx 2.5-3 mm. long; pins of ipd vus E oe aeuminate: standard o 6-8 long: pod 6-9 as beet the n beak hooked 688 FABACEAE at the apex.—Waste-places and roadsides, Coastal Plain, S. C. Nat. of Eu.— Spr.-sum. 15. AMORPHA L. Shrubs. Leafiets several or many, dotted: blades a, or nearly so. Racemes spike-like. Calyx 2-lipped, sometimes obscurely SO. andard erect, the broad anus ae around the androecium and gynoecium. Wings and keel-petals wanting. ments united at the base. Sl pee nee bis turgid, nearly ere ent. About 20 species, North Àm —LEAD-PLANTS. PLUME-LOCUSTS. eal species are grown as nen Calyx-lobes lanceolate to a at half as long as the tube. I. CANESCENTES. cays ues Short, the upper deltoid or half-round. nn petioles, leaf-rachis, | pee tds upper surface gla Calyx-lobes very short, almo SE SOUS separated by broad sinuses. II. GLABRAE. i prominent, the upper broad, the lower III. CAROLINIANAE. Branches, petio les, leaf-rachis, peduncle, oes leaflets mani- estly pubescent, at least when youn Petioles very short, less than the Miao of the leaflets, e: lowest pan of leaflets therefore close stem: pod 5 mm. long or less. IV. HERBACEAE. Petioles mm. dong or “than the width of the leaves: pod 6 ore, Pod nearly steal ight on the back : leaflets mostly sub- coriaceous or membranous in A. Bushii. V. VIRGAT Pod curved on the back: leaflets membranous. yI. PoE: I. CANESCEN Calyx-lobes fully half as long as the tubes: iced canescent . beneath: racemes clustered. 1. A. canescens. Calyx lobes fully as long as the tube: leaflets brown-villous beneath: racemes single or two together. 2. A. Schiwcerini. II. GLABRAE A glabrous or sparingly pubescent shrub with broad leaflets and a short campanulate calyx. 3. A. glabra. III. CAROLINIANA Pod curved, narrow, scarcely punctate CA of - leaflets broadest below the ne pubescent benea 4. A. nitens. Pod strai ight the back, broad, coins punctate: lades of the eee 'proadest at the middle or above it, alabrou Calyx with ameron conspicuous glands: pod 4-7 mm. ong. Corolla nd blades of the leaflets elliptic, rounded or o at both ends: OSS mostly single: pods glandular througho Lower calyx-lobes Laa or a caus late: standard i and retuse at the apex pod with a lateral 5. A. cyanostachya. Lower D deltoid = sta ndard oes at the apex: with a nearly centric beak 6. A. Dewinkeleri. Corolla ‘whi te: blades of the leaflets linear-elliptic, acute, at least at the base: racemes usua tered: pod glandular above the middle. Ta A EE Calyx with few inconspicuous glands: pod 7-8 mm. long. 8. A. Curtissi IV. HERBACEAE CAE E densely pubescent: pod straight on the dorsal utu 9. herbacea. Calyx-tube glabrous: pod curved on the dorsal suture. 10. A. floridana. V. VIR Blades of the leaflets coriaceous, shining ace reticulate at maturity. 11. A. virgata. Blades of the leaflets membranous, dull, not reticulate. . 12. A. Bushii. Pg FABACEAE 689 UTICOSAE Pod narrow, e t 2 mm. Dec sli ightly | a 13. A. tennesseensis. Pod broad, about 3 mm. wide, strongly c Foliage sparsely pubescent with gray Chains: 14. A. fruticosa. i copiously pee especially when young, with orange or yellow hairs . A. croceolanata. A. canescens Pursh. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, white-canescent: leaflets 15-47; blades oval to medo 0.9-1.8 em. long, subacute: racemes dense, a. 5-18 cm. long, the flo A on very short pedicels: piss Ne out m. long; n subulate- lanceolate, a EE 2—2.5 long: standard obovate or broadly prairies, various provinces, enn. to Tex., N. M., Man, and Ind.—Sum. 2. A.Schwerini C. K. Sehneid. Stem 1—2 m. h en c S neath: racemes solitary or two Pag Hui 4-6 e m. 1028, e pubescent: calyx 4.5- 5.5 ong; lobes pu a subulate, arid than the tube; standard uerum 4 mm. long, purplish: pod 5-5.5 m ong, the dorsal edge straight. [A. densiflora F. E. Bo ynton.]—Rocky iem aoe N. C.—Sun . A. glabra Desf. Stem 1-2 m. tall: leaflets 9-19; blades ovate, elliptic ovate, or oval, 2-5 em. long, glabrous on both surfaces, obtuse, often e margi- sually ro : long, glabrous: calyx campanulate, about 3 mm. long; lobes very shallow and sparsely ciliate: ee orbicular, short-clawed, about 7 mm. long, purple: pod 7-8 mm. long, rounded on the ventral edge, nearly straight on the dorsal, light-brown, marked with few small glands. [A. montana F. E. Boynton. ]— (Momma nao. reet soil and swamp-margins, various provinces, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., and N. C.—Spr. bis nitens F. E. Boynton. Stem 1.5-3 m. Lr with glossy twigs: leaflets ades elliptie-ovate or ovate, 2-6 ong, spars a pubescent or ere beneath: racemes slender, usually Xon. 12-25 ong: calyx obeonie, about 3 mm. long ; lobes short and rounded or e three lower Ears pointed, ciliate on the margins: standard purple: pod 5 . long, narrow, much-curved and ub. glandless. Swamps near Mod in the Coastal Plain of Ga.—Sum. A. cyanostachya M. A. Curtis. Stem 1-2 m. tall: leaflets numerous; blades elliptie, bue d broadly so, 0.9—1.8 cm. long, rounded at both en nds, dotted with dark ae nds: racemes one or E 9-20 em. long, nearly glabrous: ar a abou long; lobes ciliate, the two upper delto id, the lower subulate id standard purple : po 5m m. long, rounded on the ventral edge, caris straight o e dorsal, marked with 3 numerous large dark glands. [A. glabra F. E. Da not t De esf. A. caroliniana Rydb. not Croom. ]—Stream-banks, nm and dry ridges, various Sade Fla. to Okla., N. D., and Ky.—Sp su 6. A. Dewinkeleri Small Stem 1.5-2.5 m. tall: leaflets numerous; blades elliptic or nearly so, sometimes narrowly so, 1.5-2.5 em. long, usually emargi- | a the apex, with s os d -dots: racemes mostly solitary, 1-1.5 g, glabrous: ae out 4 long; lobes ciliolate, the two upper hal- a the lower deltoid: e dark- -purple: pod about 6 mm. 44 690 FABACEAE long, rounded on the ventral suture, nearly straight on the dorsal, marked with rather numerous small dark glands. .—Pinelands, hammocks, and prairies, S W E . Fla.—Spr. A. crenulata Rydb. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall, glabrous: leaflets 25-33; blades elliptic to ein pes dus 1.5-3.5 em. long, acute, at least at the base, glandular abou n ie: dd loosely qun 9— 20 c m. long: calyx long, t phu lobes ria -ovate, sania the three an ae late A subulate -tipped: standard cuneate-spatulate, about mm. long, white: pod 6-7 mm. long, nearly straight on the dorsal suture, conspicuously glandu- lar-dotted Ghee id middle.—Pinelands and edges of hammocks, Everglade Keys, Fla.—Spr.- .8. A. Curtissii ned Stem 1-3 m. tall, glabrous: leaflets 11-21; blades elliptic or ovate, 1.8-4.5 em. long, rounded and mucronate at the apex, reticu- Be minutely pu eee beneath: racemes clustered, 5-15 em. long: calyx 3.0-4 mm. long, the two upper lobes lagen e Ns lower lobes triangula, acute: standard broadly obovate, about 5 mm. long, purplish-blue: pod 7-8 mm. long, nearly straight on the dors al ide, conspiousuly AP dotted. — River- banks and low grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. . C.?—Sum ‘ alt. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, a n hie 11-37; blades bs i Eid pum 0. a 1.6 cm ong, obtu es clustered. —30 long: about 4 mm. lon ng, t eee E broader and shorter 1 than fie aul e lower ones: y andard pou spatulate, 4—5 mm. long, arying from violet- nue to ed pod 4-5 mm. long, strongly curved on the ventral and nearly straight on the dorsal suture, marked with numerous small dark glands.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—Sum. 10. A. d d Stem about 1 T tall, sparingly : short-villous: leaflets 27-41; blades elliptic or linear-elliptie, 0.9-2 c Aras unded at both ends, strongly Budd. eonspieuously glandular dotted ben T racemes clustered, —15 em. long: e alyx a about 3 mm. long, the Fuit 0 upper lobes broadly triangular, j Ai spatulate, 4 mm. long, li ight-purple or 1 ede pod 4-5 mm. long, strongly curved on both sutures, marked with few large iens .—Sandy pinelands and Monk hammocks, N Fla.—Spr.-sum. ta Small. Stem 1-2 m. tall: leaflets 11-19; blades elliptic, elliptic- A or ovate, 2—5 cm. long, ecd smooth y sparsely Pic o beneath: racemes one or several, 8—15 long: ealyx a long, spa re pube ent; lobes pee hue re er catered a 6 mm long, abruptly narrowed at the base, purple: pod 6-7 mm. E, rounded on the ventral edge, nearly straight on the dorsal, dark-brown, ked with small glands.—(MoumTAIN-INDIGO.)—Dry woods, Coastal Plain to wees ian je N pen. Fla. to Ala. and Tenn.—Sum 12. A. ii Rydb. Stem 1-2 m. ee ns or glabrous in age: leaflets 15-25; blades elliptic to oval, 2.5-6 em. long, rounded or retuse at the apex RA pubescent beneath: racemes usually few ae 18-20 em. long: calyx abou ong, the two upper lobes short, rounded, the three lower tri- piss acu e standard purple: pod 6-7 mm. long, straight on the dorsal suture, inconspicuously glandular- punetate.—Banks of the a River, Fla.—Sum. 13. A. tennesseensis Shuttlw. Stem 1.5-6 m. tall: leaflets 13-35; blades a to elliptic-ovate, 0. 5-2 pa Add racemes mostly clustered, 7—15 em. long: calyx about 3 mm. long, the two upper lobes rounded, the three lower ones triangular, acute, vd ue a a little iid cs the others: standard obovate, narrowed into a claw-like base, about 4.5 mm. long, purple: pod 6-8 m. long, slightly mde) marked with many ji glands.— (TENNESSEE- FABACEAE 691 INDIGO.)—Banks of streams, various provinces, rarely E of Blue Ridge, Ga. to La., Mo., and N. C.—Spr. . A. fruticosa L. Stem 1.5-6 m. tall: leaflets 11-25; blades Pr d ovate, oval, or elliptie, 154 em. long: racemes usually clustered, 7—15 long: ealyx about 3.5 mm. lon ng, the two upper lobes rounded, the en lower ones tria god acute, the middle one a little oe tees the others: standard round-obovate, emarginate, dd dd e base, about 6 mm. long, purple: a 7-8 mm. long, usually n ae conspicuously marked with large amber-colored, ne E nds, —(1 NDIGO-BUSH. )— Swamps and MS iare f. in caleareous regions, various provinces, Fla. to La., and, Conn.—Sum 15. M croceolanata Wats. Stem 1-2 m. tall, or rarely more, densely pubes- cent with orange-colored hairs: pu pet blades elliptic a meee elliptic, 1.8-5 em. long, ro ounded at each end, ome etimes m he apex softly ee i yellowish or srt ied hairs, E PP pium young: racemes iil 2-4 together, 7-18 e long: calyx 3.5—4 em. long, the two upper lobes short and rounded, the Po Jower lobes triangular, aeute: stand- id broadly ules -cuneate, 4-6 mm. long, retuse, blue: pod 7-9 mm. long, r less curved o Rs dorsal suture, conspicuously glandular- -dotted.— np. -banks, Borders of lakes, hammocks, and low woods, Coa stal Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga.—Spr.—sum.—Rarely grows as a small tree in pen. Fla. 16. CULLEN Medic. Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes partly woody at the base. Leaflets 1 or 3 : blades —— toothed, glandular-dotted. Spikes axillary, cu MAE Calyx maui -pun tate: tube campanulate: lobes 5, the lowest Pi the longest. Corolla ay longer than the aly wings about equalling the standard. Pod short, glandular-warty, the short erect beak per- sistent.—Three species, natives of the Old World. C. americanum (L.) R ydb. Stem 6-12 dm. us pubescent: leaflets 3 blades oir or rhombic- iia in outline, crenate, 3.0 m. long: upper lower lobe conspicuously longer and broader than the lateral ones: corolla mainly white; standard 4-5.5 mm. long, the blade obovate, purple- spotted at the apex: pod elliptic or ovate, about 3 mm. long. [Psora lea americana L. ]—Waste-places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. Nat. of Madeira and Bun — The species name was given through error. 17. ASPHALTHIUM Medic. Perennial glandular-dotted herbs. Leaf- lets 3: blades rather narrow, entire. Spikes head- —Á— long- — Calyx obscurely glandular-punctate: tube campanulate lobes narrow, the lower one longer than the RA Corolla about twice as long as the calyx: win shorter ang the standard. Pods not conspicuously warty, the long flat beak ultimately deciduous.— About 3 species, natives of Eurasia. A. bituminosum (L.) ntze Stem 4-11 din. tall, sometimes M b. a strigose: leaflets m. long, blades lanceolate, veined, ac iid 15-25 em. long: calyx Wer NM doe p lanceolate, the E one much longer m ps tube: inam lilae or pink, 692 FABACEAE and the keel usually pe tipped; standard 12-17 mm. long, the blade nar- rowly obovate: pod 12-14 mm. long, lanceolate in outline. [Psoralea bitumi- nosum L.]—Waste-places, xol Plain, Fla. to La. Nat. of O. W.—Sum.- 18. ORBEXILUM c Perennial herbs with gale or fusiform roots, rarely woody at the base. aflets r3o ely 5: blades entire. Spikes or racemes ur peduneled. ridi nci vindi. -dotted: tube campanulate: lobes narrow or broad, the lower one often the longest. Corolla longer than the ealyx, mostly blue or purple: standard with a broad blade: wings longer’ than the standard. Pod short, not included, cross-wrinkled, the beak in- eurved.—Hight species, North tenn Pod dne ovoid: plants with rootstocks: blades of the leaflets of the upper leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate. I. MACROPHYLLA. dics D plants with fusiform roots: blades of the lea S of the upper iu ues linear to near A A cdi on unti. elliptic II. VIRGATA. I. MACROPHY Blades of the leaflets rounded at the base: inc endis 6-7 long. . 0. Onobrychis. Blades of the leaflets cordate or truncate at the base: wing- petals 8-9 mm. long. II. VIRGATA Leaves mostly 1-foliolate. . O. virgatum. Leaves 3-foliolate Bracts lanceolate: corolla 7—9 mm. Bracts broadly ovate: corolla 4-6 m ng. Calyx obscurely flange dotted ape lobes lance- mm. 1 2. O. macrophyllum. 3 4 . O. simples. olate, longer than the tube. 5. O. pedunculatum. Calyx conspicuously glandular- dotted; upper deltoid, Shorter than the tube. 6. O. gracile. 1. O. Onobrychis (Nutt.) Rydb. Plant 9-20 dm. tall: leaflets 3; blades ovate to ovate- LOCO REB, 3-12 em. long: calyx-lobes ovate or deltoid, obtuse, shorter than the tube: stan ^s ard 3-4 mm long: ovary glabrous: pod 8-10 mm. lo ong, | e E. reticulate. — ond Ono- brychis Nutt.]—Along streams, interior provinces, Tenn. to Mo. and Ohio.—Sum 2. O. macrophyllum (Rowlee) Rydb. Plant 9-9 dm. tall: leaflets 3; blades broadly ovate, 6-10 em. long: cal yx-lobes lanceolate, — [Psoralea macrophylla | Kowlee]— Woods, s Tryon Mt. in the Blue Ridge, N. C. —Spr virgatum (Nutt.) Rydb. Plant 3 dm . tall, a leaflets mostly 1; blado a often narrowly so, o lower ones elliptie or ovate- E ic, 5— 8 em. lon : lateral ealyx-lobes lanceolate to elliptic. -lanceolate, acu pad lo wer lobe Si ightly longer and corolla purplish; stan da rd m. long, the blade broadly cune Es E about 4 mm. long, much ind the calyx, the minute beak 2 [Po oralea virgata Nuit. ]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.- 4, O. simplex (Nutt. Rydb. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, Pan AE Rs 3; blades linear-lanceolate to linear or narrowly linear-ellipti lateral ealyx-lobes ovate, acute; lower lobe longer Ed bro ader rt ay a purple; standard 7-9 mm. long, the blade broadly RUE inequilateral: pod about FABACEAE 693 mm. long, about equalling the calyx, the minute beak eccentric. [Psoralea a Nutt.|—Moist woods and Ene Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Ala. to Tex. and Okla.—Sum 5. O. pedunculatum (Mill) Rydb. Plant 3-8 ep tall: leaflets 3; blades lanceolate to narrowly ee or oge of the lower ones obovate, oval, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, 3-7 cm. calyx i [iren upper lobes lanceo- late, longer than the tube: corolla purplish standard 5-7 m m. long, the blade ovate, rounded: pod about 4 m ong, less than twice as ions as the calyx. [Psoralea pedunculata Vail]__Conao. a. SAMPSON'S Pied i y Ww Dons various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Ind., and Va.—Spr.— O. gracile (Chapm.) Rydb. Plant 2-7 dm. tall: leaflets 3; blades lanceo- we to oie TE or some of the lower ones narrowl ellipt ic or broad- ened upward, 1.5—5 e . lon ng: nee ~ a SA upper dias deltoid or triangular-ovate, sho ie Tan a pu rola pu s ipe ard 4—5 mm. long; blade suborbieular: pod a mm. long, m s wice as dons as the calyx, we oralea gracilis on ]—Pinelands, "Constal Plain, Fla., and Ga.—Spr.— 19. RHYTIDOMENE Rydb. Perennial herbs with rootstocks and gland- dotted foliage. Leaflets 5 or 7: blades very slender. Racemes axillary, long- peduncled, lax. Calyx with 5 lobes, all broad except the lower one. Corolla blue or violet, longer than the calyx: standard with a very broad blade: v pa slightly longer than the eee rd. Pod crescent-shaped, exserted, mewhat "ON pos cross-wrinkled, i beaked.—One species. cA pi Rydb. Plant 1. R. 2-6 dm. tall, glabrous or obscurely pubes- cent about the span ee leaflets 5-7; , 9-8 em. 1 blades linear-filiform, 3 E ong e nU deltoid; lower one laneeolate, twiee as long as the VAR standard um mm. s the blade suborbieular: pod abou 10 mm. long. Pria Lupinelius. Mich ]—Sandhils and dry pinelands, Coastal Plain, C Fla. to N. C.—Spr.-s 20. PEDIOMELUM Rydb. Perennial herbs with deep-seated tuberous roots. Leaflets 3-7, digitate: blades dp punctate. Spikes or racemes dense, peduncled. Calyx somewhat 2-lipped: e campanulate, gibbous a p base on the upper side: lobes 5, the lower one the longest: corolla blue purple, longer than the calyx: Sante with a broad blade: wings much ius than the standard. Pod exserted from the s the body broad, compressed, beaked.—About 22 species, North America Stem erect, elongate, with alternate branches: blades of the xc broad: standard with a pair of callo us spurs at the base of the blade: glabrous. 1. P.canescens. Stem very short, a e caudex on which the leaves and flower- s are Ane e “blades of the leaflets narrow: standard ithout spurs: pod strigos 9. P. subacaulis. 1. P. canescens (Michx.) Rydb. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, bushy- nd canes- cent: leaflets 1 or 3; blades obovate or oval to suborbicular, 1.5-6 em. long: 694 FABACEAE upper irn B D or elliptic-lanee- the olate, acu ; lower lobe longer than others, pen doner. Pus the tube: eorolla blue, E greenish; standar a mm. long, the blade obovate: pod 9— me long; i-i EL [ Psoralea canescens "Michx. ] Dry pineland d oak pns Coastal Plain, C Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Spr.-sum. 2. P. subacaulis d & G.) oa Plant 1-2 dm. tall, hirs leaflets 5-7; blade narrowly elliptic or "elliptie- SUL Uo to obovate-elliptic, 1.5-3 mm. long: upper calyx-lo ube rolla blue or le; standard 12- 15 mm. long, the blade narrowly obovate: pod 8-9 mm. long; body not reticu- late. [Psoralea subacau ad T. & G.]— rus ud prid us. cedar glades, in the Interior Low Plateau, Tenn.—Spr.—tThe plants of canescens have the habit of species of Baptisia; a of P. 22008 that of E e of Lupinus. 21. PAROSELA Cav. Shrubs or herbs. Leaflets numerous, few or Spikes slender or stout. Ca alyx nearly regular or the lower lobe elongato Petals purple or yellow, or white. Standard with a broad, often cordate blade. ings and keel-petals with broad blades auricled on side. Filaments united nearly to the top. Pod oblique, mostly NM in ve ealyx.—About 150 species, American. Plant annual: calyx-lobes shorter than the tube. 1. P. alopecuroides. Plant perennial: calyx-lobes longer than the tube. Herb with a tap-root: spikes elongate: blades ‘of the leaf- lets narrow: calyx plumose at maturity. . P. enneandra. Shrub: spikes short m Es k: blades of the leaflets broad: calyx not plum . P. floridana. P. alopecuroides (Willd ; Rydb. Plant 2-10 dm. tall: leaflets 15—41; Medi id cuneate, or bei late, 3-8 mm. long: spikes continuous: bra to lanceolate: ealyx-lo obes shorter than ‘the tube: corolla "white, ICM ith r r lilae; standard 5-6 m ong, the blade ae ae than D» ue er obovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long. [Dalea docs M and waste- e various provinces, Ala. to N. M., S. and Ill.—Spr.-fall. 2. P. enneandra vut) Britton. Plant 3-12 dm. tall, glabrous: leaflet blades linear- -elliptic to cuneate- o late, 5-10 long: bracts suborbicular, ee glandular: calyx-lobes long-hairy: rolla whit a ndard 6-7 mm. long, the blade ober Cn . wide: beu 9: pod about 3 mm. long, longer than wide. alea He Nutt.]—Prairies and stony hills, various provinces, Miss. to N. M., N. D., and La.—Spr.-sum P. floridana Rydb. Plant 8-30 dm. tall, velvety-pubescent: leaflets 13- n blades oval, elliptic, obovate, or cuneate, 4-8 mm. long, or rarely longer FABACEAE 695 braets ie sparingly glandular: ealyx-lobes seen hairy: corolla white or ye oy wish, or pin E deeper; disnei: 4—5 mm. lon ng, the blade po 3 wide: stamens FOE about 2 mm. long, as w wide s long. [P. domin- gensis dis Lv S.)]— EE and adj. pinelands, Everglade Keys, pen. 22. TALOSTEMON Miehx. Herbs. Leaflets few or numerous. Spikes dense. rus -lobes broad, or broad at the base. Standard with a short broad blade. Filaments united to above the middle. Pod short, Poi included in the calyx.—About 50 species, North Ameriean.—Some of the species are very showy when in flower and are frequently to be seen in gardens. Calyx glabrous, or the lobes merely ciliate. Cauline leaves with 3-11 leaflets. Sn rd-blade elliptie to orbicular : calyx not strongly e I. CARNEI. Standard: blade cordate or reniform: calyx strongly 10- ribbe II. CANDIDI. leaves with 11-37 leaflets. IIl. FOLIOSI. Calyx densely pubescent, at least on the angles and the lobes. IV. PURPUREI. l I. CARNEI Spikes ellipsoid or cylindric: bracts nearly or quite as long as the hite. m and elongate branches decumbent : leaves remote, clu Aa shorter than the internodes: spikes Ra . ously bracted, the bracts about equalling the LL 1. P. gracilis. Stem and branches erect or ascending: leaves more n ous, usually equalling the internodes, with CIUS B Bet ondary ones in their axils: spikes conspicuously bracted, bs o exceeding the calyces. Corolla ros ep-pink. Spikes oe bracts much shorter than the calyx. P. albidus. P. carneus. P. Feayi. PHN IT. Conspicuously leafy plant, with narrowly cylindric spikes, the main one Qm elongate, the bracts with dilated bodies and slender tip 5. P. candidus. III. Fou Copiously leafy plant, with stout cclindvic PT the bracts slightly B Ded above the stipe-like base and terminated by caudate 6. P. foliosus. IV. PUR Calyx appressed-pubescent : spikes compact pere with narrow bases and pubescent acuminate 7. P. purpureus. CRI loosely pubescent: spikes not Compact: bracts with broad ases and caudate pubescent “tip . P. Gattingeri. . P. gracilis Nutt. Plant 3-6 dm. tall: 2e = 7; blades linear or linear- elliptic, or rarely elliptic-oblanceolate, 6--1 ong: ea HUN: acute, about 14 ] s the tube: standard about a mm. long; blad bovate te id s acis or nearly so: pod less long, glabrous. LO pine- jands, cud Plain, Fla. to Miss.—Spr.- 2. P. albidus (T. & G.) Small Plant 6—10 dm. tall: leaflets 5—7; blades elliptie to oblanceola te, 4-8 mm. "long, acute: calyx- e: eo orbieular- dcl pec gynoecium Pid cent: pod over 2 long, pubescent. Dry sand. and pinelands Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala. and Ga.—Sum 696 FABACEAE P. carneus Michx. Plant 3-10 dm. tall: leaflets i Pind o E slip or linear-oblanceolate, 5-10 mm. long: calyx ong: corolla rose or deep- ‘standard about 4 mm. long; Di tA en Or spe Aare Soc pubes : pod curved, about 3 mm. long, aera beyond the calyx- tube, pubescent a E apex. [P. roseum Nutt, ees scrub, and sand- mE Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala., and Ga.—Spr.— P. Feayi Chapm. Plant n 9 dm. tall: rd iu 3-11; blades linear, but I. involute, 8—18 m ped ene 3.5 . long: corolla deep- pink or lavender: standard os 4mm long; blado qoem ovate: gynoecium glabrous: pod straight, a long, exserted beyond the calyx- Dem hdd iui pinelands eu is Coastal Plain, C pen. Fla. and S Ga. Spr.- 5. P. candidus (Willd.) Michx. Plant 3-7 dm. tall: leaflets 7-9; pun Pin elliptie, HA or obovate-oblaneeolate, 9-30 mm. long: low alyx- lobes more than 144 as long as the tube: sta s rd 4—5 mm. long; SRM sub- dee or orbiclar bei cordate at ba nie ee sparingly p ent: pod curved, 2-2.5 mm. long, s spar uh pubes —( W HITE-PRAIRIE- ER. WHITE Menus )—Dry soil, prairies, various E Miss. to Tex Sask., and Ind.—Sum 6. P. foliosus A. Gray. Plant 3-9 dm. tall: leaflets 22 us elliptic to e ud -oblanceolate, 3-11 mm. long: calyx about 4 m ong; s lanceolate angular-la nceolate, acute: corolla rose- p S MEME. 200 mm. long; blade Paoi Or ovate- orbicular: gynoecium glabrous: pod straight, 2 mm. long, turgid on the u upper side, EAD doe -—River banks, Interior Low Plateau, denn. to Ill.—Sum 7*. P. purpureus (Vent.) Rydb. Plant 3-9 dm. tall: bris 3—5; blades nar- rowly linear or slightly broadened upward, 8-20 mm. long: calyx about 4 mm. long; lobes triangular to l a, slightly A corolla violet or rose-purple: standard 5—6 mm. long; bl ade orbicular- reniform: edis minutely pubescent: pod nearly as wide as long, 2-2. g, minutely pubescent.— ( PURPLE- ms n e plains, and hills, various touc Ala, to N. M., Sask., and Tenn.—Sum 8. P. Gattingeri Heller. Plant 2-5 dm. tall: peor 5—7; blades nm linear to linear-elliptic, 9-20 mm. long: calyx nearly 4 mm. long, villou pilose; broader lobes triangular, acute, RA er ones Vin dn corolla i. purple; blade of the ode orbieular- reniform: gynoecium n P rad y od ov Ge about 2.5 mm. long, pilose. [P. d ncn (Ch Fl.)]— Roc calcareous Bo "pu -glades, and grassy hillsides, peer al Low ees Ala. and Tenn.—Spr.-sum. 23. KUHNISTERA Lam. Perennial herbs. Leaflets few or several. Spikes mostly depressed-corymbose, resembling heads of Carduaceae. Flowers white. Calyx Pun setaceous. Standard with a narrow tapering eae Fila- ments united to bel he middle. Pod as in Petalostemon.—Three species.— Sum.—fall.—The fr NA heads, persistent into the winter, are gray as a result of the copiously pubescent calyx-lobes. Blades of px td linear-clavate to filiform, acute: involucres 6-7 mm. 1. K. pinnata. Blades d the eaflets elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate or obovate, or sometimes spatulate, obtuse: involueres narrowly 9— 11 a “hi h. Inner bracts of the involucre elliptie or elliptic-oblanceolate, mucronate, copiously ciliate. 2. K. truncata. Inner bracts of the involucre lanceolate, acuminate, sparingly ciliate. 9. K. adenopoda. FABACEAE 697 1. pinnata (Walt.) Kuntz. Plant 3-12 dm. tall: leaflets 3-7; blades linear-clavate to filiform, finely glandular-dotted, 5-12 mm. long: spikes usu- ally seve : bracts iate, the 1 orm-setaceous, much longer than th , plumose: standard 6-8 long; blade lanceolate: pod abou mm. long. Don corymbosus hx. P. corymbosus irifoliatus Cha —(SUMMER- apm. | FAREWELL.)—Dry pinelands and sandhills, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C. runcata Small. Plant 7-10 dm. t ptic-obova vate, beris glandular-dotted, 9-6 mm. long few invol 11 mm. thick; bracts copiou bids elliptic Cnt pod 2.5 m PNE ps —Pinelands and scrub, E pen. Fla. ^K. adenopoda (B. L. d Rydb. Plant 5-10 dm. tall: leaflets mostly 5; blades elliptic to obovate, 4-10 mm. long, eoa en eic 4—10 : heads few: i m. t m ; braets S inner lanceolate, 7-8 mm. long, Serre standard- blade alliptie: pod 2.5 m long.—Pin elands, Tampa Bay region, Fla. 24. INDIGOFERA L. Herbs or aoe “woody plants. Leaflets several alyx- tropical regions.—INDIGO-PLANTS Plant perennial. Calyx dess than half the Ld of the corolla; lobes lanceolate to deltoid, not ex- eeding the tube in len Pod ellipsoid or ovoid, e seeds 2 or 3. I. DISPERMAE. Pod linear, curved or straight: seeds 3—12. II. TINCTORIAE. Calyx more orn half the length of the corolla: lobes subu- se subulate-tipped, twice as long as the tube or Leaflets manifestly petioluled ; blades rounded at the pase III. MUCRONATAE. Leaflets subsessile ; blades acute at the base. IV. LEPTOSEPALAE. Plant annual. V. PARVIFLORAE. I. DISPE Tall slenderly branched herb with numerous thin leafiets and lax acemes. 1. I. caroliniana. II. TINCTORIAE Standard mostly between 4 and 5 mm. long: pod stout-linear, strongly curved, less than 2 em. long. 29. I. suffruticosa. Standard mostly between 5 and 6 mm. long: pod slender-linear, straight or slightly E. over 2 em. long. 8. I. tinctoria. III. MUCRONATAE Diffuse plant, the several stems spreading from the tap root: racemes elongate: pods deflexed. 4. I. keyensis. IV. LEPTOSEPALAE Racemes many-flowered: keel 9-11 mm. long: pod with a uuo slender beak. 5. I. leptosepala. 698 FABACEAE Racemes few-flowered: keel 4-6 mm. long: pod with a short, uu Stout beak. 6. I. miniata. V. PARVIFLO Herb with virgate branches, and small cluster-like axillary ra- . cemes : pods deflexed, curved at the beak. T. I. parviflora. I. caroliniana Mill. Stem erect, 0.5-2 m. tall: leaflets 9— 15; blades elliptie, oval, euneate, obovate, or oblanceolate: calyx 1-1.5 mm . long; lobes deltoid: corolla yellowi ish-brown ; : andard 5-65 A mm. lon : pod 5-1 ng.—Dry sandy pinelands and serub, od Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—Spr.- fall. 2. I. suffruticosa Mill. Stem erect 0.5-2 m. tall: leaflets 7-15; blades PUN dd lanceolate, or obovate: calyx 1.5-2 long; lobes deltoid to eee e ae Janceolate; g corolla orange; standard 4-5 lon ng; £i. wing often slightly longer: pod iene I-L55p i em. long. [I. Anil L.]—Pin nelands, cult.-|2- vin grounds, and hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. Nat at. of Asia.— (TF. I; S. A. )—Sum. —fall, or all year. a : tinctoria L. Pire d 1-2 m. tall: leaflets 7—15; blades elliptie, oval, vate: calyx 1.5- m. long; ee deltoid to tria angular-lanceolate: sorella a -yellow; standard 9-6 mm. long; wings about the same length: pod lin 5-3 em. m )—Cult. grounds and waste-plaees, vari- ous o S, s, Fla. to a .C. Nat. of S hee ——Extensively cult. by the soie] PATRE in e ud Ga., and Fla., for making indigo.—(W. I.)— Sum.-fal ll 4. I. keyensis Small Stem decumbent, 3-9 dm. long: leaflets 7—9; blades elliptic-obovate to cuneate: seks 2-3 mm. long; lobes Va corolla enr standard 3-4 mm. long, very broad; wings mostly 3-4 mm. long: pod linea 3-3.5 m. long. [I. subulata CPI. SE. U. 8)]— WE ies. upper Florida Keys.—All year. 5. I. leptosepala Nutt. Stem ee 3-10 dm. long: leaflets 7-9; blades elliptic-obovate to cuneate: calyx ae long ; lobes subulate: corolla age standard 8—10 mm. long ; en mostly 7-8 mm. long: pod linear, 3-3.5 long.—Dry soil, per and Dn ed Plain and adj. provinces, N Fla. to Tex., Kans. and Ga.—(Mez.) —Sum.-fall. 6. I. mi iniata Ortega. Stems several or pen from a tough root, prostrate: leaflets 5-9; blades linear-elliptic to narr wly oblanceolate: calyx 3-5 mm. long; lobes’ subulate or lanceolate- fabu o: corolla red; st rd 7-8 mm 0 > usuall j i cm. long.—Pinelands and sandy places, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla., and Florida Keys. Introd. into Coastal Plain of other Gulf States — (V. L, AMez.)—A1 ar. 7. I. parviflora Heyne. Annual: in 3-12 dm. tall: leaflets 7-9; blades linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 1-2 em. lon ng, acute at bo 2 nien calyx 2-2. : mm. long; lobes subulate: corolla lilac; standard 3—4 ong; wings abou as long: pod narrowly linear, 2.5—4 cm. long, slightly d at the a bend acute beak.—Waste-places and oe ‘Coastal Plain, Ala. Nat. of E. L— Spr.—fall. FABACEAE 699 25. KRAUNHIA Raf. Woody vines. Leaflets several: blades entire. Flowers borne in drooping racemes or panicles. Calyx 2-lipped. Corolla blue, violet, purple, or white: standard clawed, the broad blade with 2 appendages at the base. Wings and keel-petals with long slender aurieles at the base an nd slender claws. Pod turgid, torulose. [Bradleia Adans. Wisteria Nutt.]— About 5 species, North American and Asiatic.—Spr.—WISTERIAS. Leaflets 4-7 pairs: calyx tubular-campanulate ; blade of the RERO with a long ips der spur: flowers on short stout pedicels : ovary glabrou Calyx 8-10 mm. long; ad dope shorter than the tube: lower r spur of the wings och shorter than mee W. frutescens. Calyx 11-14 mm. long; 1 c lobe as long as the tube or longer: bemus spur of the wings about as long as the claw. 2. K. macrostachya. Leaflets 7—9 pairs: calyx n campanulate: blade of the wing- petals with a short DE spur: flowers on long slender pedi- . cels: ovary pubes . K. floribunda. 1. K. cae (L.) Britton. Stem twining: leaves 1-2.5 dm. long; leaflets 1.5-6 em. long, the. blades peri a or narrowly ovate, acute or obtuse 4—12 V age and the purple flower-elusters is a pig- arene perfection even Nature rarely attai 2. K. macrostachya (T. & G.) Small. . Larger than K. frutescens throughout: leaves 2-3 dm. long; leaflets 3—7 cm. long, the blades ovate, often broadly so, rounded or cordate at the base: racemes slender, B dm. long: standard 19-23 mm. long: pod 7-14 cm. long, glabrous. [Brad ia macrostachya Small|—(KEN- TUCKY-WISTERIA.)—Swamps and low a Coastal Plain and occasionally adj. provinces, La. to Tex., Mo., and Tenn. (or Ind.?) 3. K. floribunda (Willd.) Taub. Stem becoming very large: leaves 2-4 dm. long; leaflets 5-9 cm. long, the ds es obes tran, to elliptic-ovate, acuminate: La. and 8. C NE )—Woods, roadsides, thickets, and abandoned homesteads, Fla. to 26. ROBINIA L. Shrubs or trees, often with stipular spines. Leaflets several, thin. Flowers racemose. Calyx markedly 2- -lipped, the 2 Ac lobes op ‘or partially united. Corolla pink or m or white: standard gla- brous: blades of the wings aurieled on one or both sides: Wes one a rounded auricle at the base of the blade. E koi. sometimes bristly o | cup: white: racemes drooping: pod smooth and glabrous, broadly wing-margined nt eed-bearing suture: Calyx-lobes broad. I. PSEUDO-ACACIAE. Corolla pink, rose-violet, or rose-purple: racemes erect or preadi dd pod prickly, ‘hispid or hirsute: calyx-lobes n8 700 FABACEAE Racemes with small narrow caducous bracts: branches and peduncles with op P OnE bristles bearing incon- Spicuous glands, or with bristle II. HISPIDAE. Racemes with large acer caudate-acuminate bracts: branches and peduncles densely beset with sessile or short-stalked conspicuous glands. III. VISCOSAE. SEUDO-ACACIAE Tree with rough bark and moms stipules 1. R. Pseudo-Acacia. II. Hrs Branches not bristly: peduncles sometimes with short hairs. iso of the leaflets oval E elliptic N elliptic-ovate. nches, peduncles, and lower lenflet-s nies ae gt ilone. and Son a canescent when l duncles not p id. 2. R. Elliottii. PLANE I peduncles, a lower aa eps finely Shrub no m. tall: ca ces not longer than e. 3. R. Boyntonii. xin less than 1 m. tall: calyx-lobes longer than 4. R. nana. Blades of the leaflets lan dens n elliptic-lanceolate. 5. R. Kelseyi. Branches and peduncles bristly Branches with rather few shore glandular bristles. 6. R. longiloba. Bra aoe usually copiously glandular-bristly with long Branch: leaf-rachis, and peduncle rather densely or co- piously pu ubescent. Blades of the leaflets broadly oval, rounded at the ex. T. R. grandiflora. Blades a leafiets ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute Blades of the leaflets permanently villous be- nea 8. R. speciosa. Mo of the leaflets glabrate on both sides or ringly pubescent beneat 9. R. pallida. Dr teaf-rachis, and peduncle merely hispid or with a few ard hai Blodos p. the leaflets oval, elliptic-oval, or sub- o ar, rounded at Branches with bristles 1-2 mm. long: stipular spines usually present: pod Rue 10. R. pedunculata. Branches with bristles 3-5 m long: stipular spines usually Ens. odit glandular. 11. R. hispida. Blades of the leaflets lanceolate or ovate, acute. 12. R. fertilis. peduncles ee subsessile glands, not densely puber BIGHE 13. R. viscosa. peduncles with stal ked glands and also densely puberulent. 14. R. Hartwigii. 1. R. Pseudo-Acacia L. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, with furrowed bark: stipular-spines ER e, n stout: — 9-19 ; blades elliptic, oval, or ubescent —BSpr.—The wood. hard and very durable in a with the soil—Although naturally a moist cli- mate, this is used as a shade tree in dion regions. FABACEAE 701 2. R. Elliottii (Chapm.) Ashe. Shrub up to 2 m. tall, with virgate stem and short branches m e: stipular- -spines stout: leaflets 9— 15; blades d a to e 1. puts long, villous-canescent beneath when yo ung: s 5-10 ong: Te "villous. -canescent and often with a few bristles; iad lobes deltoid and subulate-tipped, shorter NS the tube: standard -blade Pis than 2 wide: inear, hispid. [R. hispida Biot Chapm.]—Pinelands and sandhills, Renae Plain and adj. Piedmont, Ga. t6 Ala. and N. e also in Md.—Late spr. 3. Ero Ashe. Shrub up to 2 m. tall, with ascending branches: stipu- a spines a a paragon 9-18 ; blades Merida to elliptie-ovate, mostly lon 7-9 . lon ng: alyx vd short-stalked glands; iniri Jobes ovate Es rt-ae nie bas as S dept the tube: standard-blade us vide, slender-clawed: pod glandular- hispid. —Woods, Blue Ridge eie. Plateau, Ga. and Peu to Tenn. and N. E —Spr.—Hy- ies with E. Pseudo-Acacia =x R. albic 4. R. nana (Ell) Spach. Shrub 2-3 dm. tall, with slightly branched stems: bus iun short or obsolete: leaflets 7—11, or rarely 13; blades elliptie or —4 em. lon few nearly so, em. long: racemes ug -flowered: ea lyx pilose or spar- ingly hispid; lateral lobes narrowly t a caudate-acuminate, fully as long as the tube: standard- blade fully 2.5 em. wide.—Sandy ridges and banks, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, S. C. and N. CS r 5. Kelseyi Cowell. Shrub 1-3 m. tall, with spreading stems: stipular spines P dps 9—13; ee narrowly ae - een or r elliptic lanceolate, long, gla abro 8-fiowered : few hanes ‘hort Sd glands; Eo does. deltoid ‘and ne potus pr e tube: standard-blade less than 1.5 em. wide: pods broadly linear or linear- oA 4—6 cm. long, very densely E bristly. —Woods, Blue Ridge, N Spr. 6. R. longiloba Ashe. Shrub 4-6 dm. tall, the branches pubescent with curved hairs d short-stalked iet PR ecd rog short or obsolete: leaflets 7-17 ; blades oval, ovate, or elliptic, 3.5-5 ¢ ong, silky-canescent beneath: racemes —21-flowered: calyx with pes dd ee much longer than the tube: standard-blade fully 2.5 em. wide: pods not seen.—Woods, Blue Ridge and Piedmont, S. C. and N. C.—Spr.—Suspected of being a hybrid between R. Boyntonii and R. “grandiflora: . R. diflora Ash Shrub 1-5 dm. tall the branches appressed-pubes- cent and glandular-hispia: stipular- das rarely developed: leaflets 7—17; blades oval, 2-5 em. long, glabrous at maturity or somewhat silky beneath: racemes i8 fowered: calyx grayish- Sub d or short-villous, and glandu- Rp lateral lobes ovate and with a long filiform tip, m much longer than the tube: standard-blade about 3 em. wide: pod narrowly ellipsoid, 6-8 e long, hispid with s gland-tipped hairs. — Woods, Blue Ridge to pet E Plateau, Ga. to Ala. and N. C.—Spr. j R. speciosa Ashe. Shrub mostly 1-2 m. tall, the branches densely puber lent, sparingly bristly: spines wanting: leaflets x mostly 9-13; blades ovate ta elliptic -ovate, 3-5 em. long, villous beneath: race s 5-8- flowered: calyx mainly us-puberulent ; itera pe NA iE moe than the tube: stand- Mey blade fully 2 cm. wide: pods not seen.—Woods, Blue Ridge, N. C.— R. pallida Ashe. Shrub up to 2 m. tall, the branches densely puberulent or glabreie in age, d m hs flets 9— 15; blades ovate or Ds -ovate, . long, pale and glabrous or sparingly puc scent beneath: racemes 5-9. ee ered: ae Bd abe ent and sparingly bristly; T Wee broad "em abruptly acuminate: standard-blade about 1.5 cm. wide: pod n seen.—Blue Ridge, N. C.—Spr. 702 FABACEAE 10. R. pedunculata Ashe. Shrub up to 4 m. tall, the branches puberulent and with short glandular bristles: dp begs dp often present, subulate, abo x 1 em. long: leaflets 7-13; blades oval, 3—4.5 . long, gla ee or nearly s raceme 7—12-flowered, glandu pers reve fa Succ and glandular; pie lobes ovate and Ae acu uminate, about as long as the tube: standard- © id. Blue i com —Spr. ia eres of being a a hybrid between R. hispida Bid R. Boynt 11. R. MUN L. Shrub up to 2 m. tall with erect E diffuse usually densely hispid and somewhat pilose branehes: stipular-spines short or wanting: ud 7—13 s arely 15; blades ee dd ovate, or elliptic, mo d 2— e m. long, glabrous or with se attered h n the veins beneath: s 3—5-flowered: ealyx hispi id with numerous ae stalked glands; Taterad ‘one p? ud lanceo- sie iier id about as long as the tube or longer: standard-blade nearly em. wide s 5-8 cm. long, d hispid.— (Mo acc RosE- qum CIA.) —Dr ry s lopes, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Ill, and Va.; escaped from cult. N.—Spr.-early sum .—H ybridizes iem R Pset ido- a 2m Marga es 12. R. fertilis Ashe. Shrub u up to 1 m. tall, the branches puberulent and more or less hispid: Mi ipd spines slender, or wanti ing: leaflets Kn 19; blades lanceolate to ovate, 1.5—4 em. long, glabrous, or spar ingly pubes t bene ath: oe 3—5-flowered: ion more or less hispid; lateral lobes deltoi id- lanceolate, 10 ec ate, about as n as the tube: standard-blade nearly 3 e : po x ps id, 5-6 em. long, densely glandular-hispid — Woods, "Be Ridge, Ga.? an —Spr. 13. R. viscosa Vent. Shrub or small tree with spreading branches: stipular- ieri Pri subulate or wanting: leaflets a 27; blades pret oval, or aarrowly vate, .5-5 em. lon s 6—15-flowered : ealyx copiously fin ne-pubescent aaa usually with few stalked | glands lateral bee Die dut -lanceolate, acumi- "uu about as long as the tube: standard-blade 1.5-2 em. wide: pod ]inear, 4—8 em. long, copiously Eros ‘bri istly.— (CLAMMY-LOCUST. m e du ROBIN. )—Rocky ic P Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ala. to N. C. Pa.; escaped from n NE N. A.—Spr.—Hybri s between ue and R. Pseudo-Acacia eim Bs pe forms, x È. dubia and x R. "pella. rosea. 14. R. Hartwigii Koehne. Shrub up to 3 m. tall, the a a pu- dpi and with short-stalked glands: stipular- PR mall o rely 2-3.5 . long, leaflets 13-23; blades v ied ir or ovate, 1.5-5 c n ng, villous n sides or gla abrous above: den ges calyx es -puberulent ; lateral SD triangular, acute, about as s as tube: standard-blade over em. : pod linear 6-11 em. pu Wade nd Woods, Blue Ridge i Pibdmont, Ga. and Ala. to N. C.—Spr. 27. SESBAN Adans. Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubs. Leaflets numerous. HRacemes several-flowered. Calyx slightly 2-lipped, the 5 prominent lobes nearly equal. Corolla yellow, sometimes with purple dots: standard with a suborbicular blade: wings nearly straight, short-elawed, with an angle or idi basal sacle. curved: blades of the keel-petals angled or auricled at the base, long-clawed. Pod greatly elongate, curve B — About 15 species, natives of warm and tropical regions.—Sum.-fall. Standard 2 cm. wide or more: wing-petals with a slender deflexed spur at the eee < the bl er 1. S. Emer Standard 1.5 cm. wide or less: wing-petals with a small blunt angle at the base of the blade. 2. S. ezaltatus. 1. S. Emerus (Aubl) Britton & Wilson. Plant 1-5 m. tall: leaves 7-18 em long; leaflets 20—50, the blades elliptic, elliptic-cuneate, or broadly linear, 1—3 que —— — EM MUS with a reflexed auricle at the base of the 5-— 1 FABACEAE 703 em. long, somewhat glaucous bendat calyx n straight in: es: n t 2 dm. long. [Sesbania macrocarpa Muhl.]—Moist soil, waste- S i hammocks, Fla.—(W. L., Mex., C. A.)—Ori Liu natural range not our very vigo ls known. One of rous annuals. The woody ror with the naked branches d d dangling pods persist through the win e hd eee (Raf.) Rydb. Plant 1—4 all: leaves 12-30 cm. long; leaflets 30-70; s blades o -elliptic to m 1-2.5 e ong, often glaucescent. beneath: cas nearly similar to that of S. Emerus, but the lobes rather more subulate-tipped: Ve 1.5 em. long or less: keel 11-13 mm. long, with an angular lobe at the bas of ss strongly ed blades: nod BU longer than that of the preced- ing "spec —Low grounds, stream-banks, and fields, Coastal Plain and adj. pro unc. "Mis ss. to. Tex., Okla., and Mo. 28. AGATI Adans. mue or shrubs, but short-lived. Leaflets numerous. Racemes 2—4 flowered. Calyx i 2- em but usually with obseure, very broad lobes. Corolla large, pinkish standard with an oblong or ovate pos wings not dd keel-petals merely angu- lar at the base of the blade. Pod greatly elongate, straight or nearly so.—One species. 1. A. gra genres (L.) Desv. Shrub or small tree: leaves 1-3 dm. long; leaflets m standard 6-10 long, the blade ovate pod elongate-linear, 2-4 dm. = - TRALIAN CORKWOOD-TREE.)—Hammocks and cult. grounds, Key West, Fla. Nat of East Indies.— (W. I.)—Spr.-s 29. GLOTTIDIUM Desv. Herbs, but often woody-stemmed. Leaflets numerous. Racemes several- flowered. Calyx slightly 2-lipped, the 5 lobes rple: keel-petals more or less angular at the base the blade. Pod short, wingless.—One species. 1. G. vesicarium (Jacq.) Harper. Plant 1—4 m. tall, annual but rather nA leaf- lets 24-52; blades elliptic, 1.5-4 em. long, mucronate: ealyx-lobes shorter ma the tube: corolla ye dd iss re. in . vesicari ade o vesicaria DC.]—(BLADDER-POD.)—Riech damp 104 FABACEAE soil and waste-places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—Su TE introduced.— n ir y —A very vigorous annual. The firm woody stems, some- tim arge colonies, with the bladdery pods dangling from Ta. PE o eae the winter. 30. DAUBENTONIA DC. Shrubs or trees. Leaflets numerous. Race several-flowered. Calyx minutely 5-lobed and scarcely 2-lipped. Corolla s to crimson and vermilion: standard with an orbicular-reniform blade: wings and keel-petals not auricled. Pod relatively long, the body winged.—About 5 species, mostly American. Calyx-lobes acute: corolla yellow : keel- petals with the blades abruptly narrowed into the claw : pod long-stipitate. 1. D. Drummondii. Calyx-lobes, except the lower one, obtuse: corolla deep-rose to crimson: keel-petals with the blades tapering into the claw: pod short-stipitate. 2. D. punicea. D. Drummondii Rydb. Shrub: leaflets 12-60; blades narrowly elliptie to s -elliptic, 1-2.5 em. long, mucronate: calyx x-lobes acute: racemes loosely flowered, ao slender: standar ica de 15- nd Coastal Leth ES to Tex.—(Mez.)—Spr.—- . D. punicea (Cav.) DC. Shrub or small tree: leaflets 12-40: blades linear-elliptie, ud the stipe Bun than 1 cm. lo [.Sesb a punicea th.]— ( PURPLE- -SESBAN. )—Waste-places, roadsides, and eee Sine Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. Nat. of trop. Am.—(S. A.)—Spr.—fall. 31. CRACCA L. Perennial hd -rooted herbs or woody plants. Leaflets several or many, thick. Flowers in racemes or spike-like panicles. Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, the upper e usually pora than the others and partialy united. Corolla pink, purple, or red, or white: standard pubescent: wings aurieled on one side at the base of the blade: keel- aa usually with an angular auricle. Pod flat or flattish. [Tephrosia Pers. OARY-PEAS. About 130 species, natives of warm and tropical regions.—Sum. or spr.—fall S. Stem monopodial: panicles terminal and m not opposite the leaves. Leaflets 11—37 ; blades of an elliptic tpye I. VIBGINIANAE. Leaflets 3-11; blades of an obovate type. II. RUGELIANAE. Stem sympodial : panicles theoretically terminal, but appar- ently opposite the leaves, by the development of a etioles very short, 3 mm. long or less. III. CHRYSOPHYLLAE. Petioles longer, 5 mm. long or more. Corolla more than 12 mm. long. IV. SPICATAE. Corolla less than 12 mm. long. V. PURPUREAE, D St a) FABACEAE I. VIRGINIANAE Calyx-lobes lanceolate: foliage pubescent with lax more or less spreading hairs Calyx-lobes ovate to ‘ovate- un foliage silky or stri- hairs strictly appres upper ones “ahorter than the tube: e leafiets broadly eliptic or obovate. Calyxlobes ovate-lanceolate, the upper ones longer than II. RUGELIANAE Stems clustered on top of a stout woody root: foliage co- piously and conspicuously pubescent. III. CHRYSOPHYLLAE B e pubesce icles shorter dun the leaves. P icles longer than the leaves. Stem finely appressed-pubescent. Corolla fully 1 cm. long: pod 3.5—4.5 cm. long: blades of the 1 eaflets obovate: Corolla less than 1 em. long: pod 2 em. long: blades of the leaflets elliptic. IV. SPICATAE 1 or 2 flowers at each node and e. eaflets spreading; he terminal leaflets Him simi the later im and leaflets densely pubescent with long lax irs. y pubescent with short hairs: leafiets of an oblanceolate, cuneate or linear b ne mao of the leaflets oblanceolate to cuneate or Blades of un leaflets linear, varying to linear- sub- ulate o SEE E m upward. Panicles END. ium -flow with the flowers often 2-4 no 19—25 ; blades V Ad pte or slightly broad- b ened upward: leaf-rachis hirs Leaflets 13-19; oblunceglate to linear- elliptic or linear: leaf-rachis strigillose. V. PURPUREAE leaflets velvety- pubescent. ; leaflets strigillose or silky. cuneate, or linear-c anes. rounded or retuse at the apex. Pu of the leaflets narrowly linear, acute or acumi- tube. Calyx lobes manifestly n than the 1 calyx-lobes slightly Standard less than wide: longer than the rt be. Standard over 1 cm. wide: calyx-lobes nearly or quite wice as long as the tube. 2. 3. ou 20. . C. virginiana, C. latidena. C. Mohrii. . C. Rugelii. Rugelis C. T . C. chrysophytia. C. Carpenter. C. Chapman. C. spicata. C. intermedia. . C. fleruosa. . ©. hispidulo. . C. ambigua. C. gracillima. . C. onobrychoides. C. angustifolia. . C. corallicola. . €. Curtissii. . C. angustissima. . C. purpurea. C. cinerea. 1. C. virginiana L. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, loose-pubescent: leaflets 11-21; blades of the lateral ones 10-30 mm. long, elliptic; rachis mostly villous: calyx 9.5- 45 706 FABACEAE zie 9 mm. long; lobes with very slender tips, e upper ones much longer than the tu ibe: T ] D STRINGS. DOLLY-VARDEN. RABBIT’S-PEA.)— Dry, usually acid sandy soil, various prov- inces, Fla. to La., Man., an nd Me. 2. C. latidens Mes Stem 2-5 dm. ], one leaflets mostly 19-37; blades = o Toa elliptic D ong: calyx 5.5-6 m. long; lobes porn broadly 2 bodios: a nearly similar to those of C. virginiana, but keel-petals scarcely A at the base.— Pinelands, pen. Fla. 3. C. Mohrii elas y al tem 2-3 dm. tall, eee leaflets o blades of the lateral ones narro elliptic, acute, 6-18 m . long, glabro s above, strigose beneath, the ie pend se: calyx about 5n mm. long; D rn lanceolate, longer than the tube: corolla yellowish and rose- tinged: standard abou long: pod about 5 em. long.—Pinelands, Fla 4. C. Rugeli (Shuttlw.) Heller. Stem more or less diffuse, up to 7 dm. | long, finely loose- po with bronze- Colored hairs: leaflets 3-11 ; blades of the lateral ones obovate, 8-17 mm. long: calyx about z mm. long; lobes subu- late: corolla n um purple; standard 1.5-2 cm. long: pod somewhat faleate, 3.5—4 c . lo ong.—Pinelands, S pen. Fla. 5. C. chrysophylla (Pursh) Kuntz ze. Stem copiously loose- pde the hairs somewhat viseid tawny: leaflets 3—9; blades of the lateral ones cuneate-obovate, 13-30 mm. long: calyx 5.5-7 mm. long; lobes of the upper lip lanceolate, about as long as the other lobes: corolla white, turning purple standard 17-20 mm. long: pod 5-6 mm. wide.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga. C. visi um Rydb. ia strigose: rei 5-7; blades of the lateral ones obovate, 9—15 mm. long: calyx about 4 mm. long; lobes of the upper lip deltoid-ovate, acute: corolla i or pale- ink m purple; standard 10—12 mm. long: pod about 4 mm. wide.—Pinelands, W Fla. and L 7. Chapmanii (Vail) Small. Stem loos m appressed- taper leaflets 3- " "blades of the lateral ones elliptic to obovate, 6-15 mm. long: calyx 3-3.5 mm. long; lo e of the upper lip deltoid, dia "than the tube: corolla white or a becoming purple; standard 7-12 mm. long: pod 3 wide.—Dry soil, N Fla. 8. C. spicata (Walt.) Kuntze. Stem copiously loose-pubescent : ide 5-15; A of the lateral ones oval, elliptic, or cuneate-elliptic, 10-25 mm. lon ng, 7-8 mm. long; lobes of the DD bus lead BH lobes subulate, nearly equal: oid white, turning reddish or purple; standard 16—19 mm. long: pod 5-6 wide.—Pinelands. and dry woods, various provinces, Fla. to La., Tenn., bud Del 9. C. intermedia Small. Stem sparingly loose-pubescent, and somewhat | ndi ae 5-13; blades E rus ee eed elliptic to elliptie- ‘obovate, 10- 32 mm. long, iculate: calyx 5.5—7 long; lobes of the upper lip shorter than the DU lobes or nearly as long: corolla pink turning purple; standard 16—18 FABACEAE 707 mm. long: pod 4-5 mm. wide.—Woods and pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., Ala., and Ga. a (Chapm.) Heller. Stem loose- pipi leaflets 3—17; blades T the jaterat ones linear or arn so, 12—53 mm. long, acute or short-acuminate, sometimes refiexed: calyx 7-8 long; lobes E the upper lip subulate; lower d lateral lobes narrow, uh longer than ube: corolla pale-pink; standard 12-15 mm. long: pod not seen. ee OS Plain, Fla. to Ala. C. hispidula (Michx.) Kuntze. Stem finely-pubescent: leaflets pee blades of the lateral ones d. oval- cub or paca 1 8-20 long, acutish, obtuse, or abruptly pointed: calyx 5-6 m lobes of ie upper lip ee lower and lateral lobes od bera E duds as the tube: corolla white to pi nk; standard 16-18 mm. long: pod 4-5 mm. wide.—Pine- lands, Coastal “Pisin, Fla. to La. and N. C. 12. C. ambigua (M Curtis) Kuntze. Stem loose- er leaflets 7-13; blades of the ES ones a id cuneate, or dub , 20-60 mm. long, or rarely more, truncate or mucron ealyx 4.5—5 mn ong; lobes of the upper lip subulate; lower and lat mm ee sa ate: pU equal: corolla purple; risp ds 16-18 mm. lon ng: pod about 5 mm wide —Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C. 13. C. gracillima (B. L. Robinson) Heller. Stem minutely appressed-pubes- cent: leaflets 9-13 remote; blades linear vane to linear-subulate or slightly broadened py ard, 9-30 mm. long, M acute: calyx 3.5-4 mm. long; lo s of ppe ds lane ~ lower lobe much ne d longer than t um ~ al P rolla purple, i ieee becoming s ; Standard o. . wide.— Pinelands, E coast of pen. Fla a. 14. C. onobrychoides (Nutt.) Kuntze. Stem copiously loose-pubescent: leaf- lets 11—23; js des of the lateral ones narrowly elliptie to slightly isum ealyx 5- iar 18-50 mm. lon ng: ealyx 5-6 mm. long; lobes of pul upper lip s late; lower tobe much lon ie r than the Thiers ones, 4.5-5 mm. long: Pun ue tinged with purple, turning red; standard 19—25 mm. long: pod 5-6 ide.—Dr i 23 ry soil, vo in pinelands, Central Plain and rarely adj. prov- inces, Ala. to Tex. and Okla. 15. C. angustifolia (Featherman) Pennell. Stem 5-11 dm. tall, strigose and often with longer spreading hairs: leaflets 13-19; blades linear-oblanceolate, linear-elliptic or linear, 18-40 em. long, veiny b , grayish and reticulate beneath: calyx of pp mm. : mm. e.—Prairies, iue ; n places, Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex.— E —sum.—A related species, C. texana Rydb., with more strigose and broader leaflets is is | said to have been found near Mobile, Ala 16. ©. corallicola Small. Stem copiously loose- p or us in age: leaflets 11-15; blades linear to linear-elliptie, 7-13 mm. lon -5 long; lobes of the u upper lip lanceolate; lower and Pa lobes. lanceolate, about n in a corolla light-purple or deep-pink; standard 7—10 long: pod 2-4 mm. wide.—Pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla Curtissii Small. Stem minutely appressed- pubescent when young, ee in age: leaflets 7-17; ge of the lateral ones oblanceolate, narrowly c ate, or linear-cuneate, 9— 30 m . long, truneate or retuse, or ronate: alyx 3-4 mm. lon ng; lobes of the A r lip deltoid; lower lobe narrowly lanceo- lata, longer than the ovate or triangular- lanceolate lateral ones: corolla pur- 708 FABACEAE plish, pale when opening; standard 9—12 cm. long: pod about 4 mm. wide.— Sand ridges, eastern coast, Fla. angustissima (Shuttlw.) n Stem glabrous: d B E blades of the lateral ones narrowly linear or very narrowly linear, 13—45 leng: calyx 4-5 mm. long; lobes of the ad lip lanceolate; i iR? bue late, much longer than the lateral ones: corolla usually pale, nu reddish- ] di purple; standard 9-11 mm. long: pod about 3 mm. wide. —Pinelands, Ever- glade Keys, Fla. 19. C. purpurea L. Stem diffuse or vine-like, uda id cres leaflets ea blades et ps: lateral ones Eris to linear-eun 9-25 lo bout 6 m on ointed: E. corolla white or a ; ended 9-10 mm. oe pod 3.5-4 mm wide, usually curved.—Prairie, Big Cypress Swamp, S pen. Fla.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)—A decoction oi from this plant is used by the Seminoles as a specific for nose-blee di 20. C. cinerea (L.) Morong. Stem lax, copiously strigose: leaflets 9-17; blades of the lateral inc linear to elliptic-oblanceolate, 19-50 mm. long; obtuse or acutish: calyx 5-6 mm. long; lobes of the upper SE subulate-tipped, those E the lower ip m corolla purplish; standard 10-15 mm. long: pod 4 m. wide.—Waste-places and cult. ground, ee Plain Ala. Nat of ae. A I., Mex., C. A., 8. A.) 32. GEOPRUMNON Rydb. Perennial tufted herbs. Leaflets numerous; blades usually not notched. Corolla purple or white or rarely ochroleucous: ince : a^ lower suture bin. the upper suture.—Six species, natives of central North America.—Spr.-s Pod pubescent, obliquely ovoid, sometimes narrowly so, beaked. Calyx- lobes about J& as long as the tube: pod curved, over 2 em. long, coarsely wrinkled, gradually poi P . G. tennesseense. Calyx-lobes over % as lon s the tube: pod straight, less than 2 cm. long, finely” Erinkled, abruptly rate 2. G. plattense, Pod — globose or ellipsoid-globose, beakle 3. G. crassicarpum. € (A. Gray) Rydb. Plant villous-hirsute: leaflets 15-33; blades elliptic rg oval, 12-14 mm . long: pe eduneles about as long as the ac- l ir p : 3—3.5 em. long, gr adually orae [ Astragalus plattensis tennes A. Gray]—Rocky ga By interior Pods m Ala. to Mo. and Ten 2. G. pi Mab Rydb. Plant hir- sute or somewhat strigose: leaflets 13-23; or eate, 5— ong: a ually eurved upward: ovary pubescent: pod 1~1.5 em. long, abruptly beaked.—Prairies, various provinces, Ala. to Tex. and Ind. FABACEAE 709 3. G. crassicarpum (Nutt.) Rydb. Plant Pedum Five ~ blades elliptic, to elliptic-lanceolate, 8-20 mm. long: 7-8 . ong; lobes n p to subulate-la nceolate: corolla no. d ary em : pod 2-2.5 lon m. long. d rca oaryocarpus Ker.]—Prairies, various aT Tenn. io Tex., Man., and Min | 33. ASTRAGALUS L. Perennial or annual herbs. Leaflets numerous or several: blades sometimes notched. owers in long racemes. Corolla Pn usly colored, ours cream-colored or somewhat greenish: wings d petals about equal in length. Pod coriaceous, ovoid or d turgid, but searcely infllated, perfectly 2-celled, the septum formed by the intruded lower suture which meets the upper one. About 500 species, most abundant in Asia. Calyx-lobes more than 1% the length of the tube: pod ascending when mature 1. A. carolinianus. Calyx- ipee leas than ad oe length of the tube: pod spreading or reflexed when m 2. A. Halei. 1. A. carolinianus L. St tem up to 1 m. tall glabrous, or sparingly pubescent em. long: above: leaflets 15—31; blades elliptie or elliptie- -Janceolate, 2—4 racemes elongate: calyx- De a s long t slightly curved. — ( woods and ine various een Ga. and Ala. to Tenn., W. Va., an 2. uu — ui i Rydb. Stem up " od À pubes dr m "apes. pcs apie e elliptic. idt aceme:s short: cays lobes. He a as 2d as n tube: standard 15-17 mm. e eurved upward; og [o Ee | m. long, curved, the beak hooked. T Woods and fields, Coastal Plain, Ala. to La. 34. HOLCOPHACOS Rydb. Perennial low spreading herbs. Leaflets numerous, the blades entire, mostly truncate or notched. Flowers few in short racemes. Corolla pink or purplish: stand- ith a without even a ener mE About s North American H. distort pn & G.) Rydb. Stem glabrous or eee pubescent, branched base, the branches ascending or oe 1-4 dm. long: leaflets 17-23; blades oval, obovate, or cuneate, 3—1 long: peduncles about as long as the sub- tending leaves or longer: racemes ovoid o Reine: Run OS lanceolate, shorter than the tube, erect: corolla purplish: bie: 8-10 mm. long: pod crescent- 710 FABACEAE shaped, m. long, short-beaked. [Astragalus distortus T. & 2 oa and hillsides, various provinces, Miss. to Tex., Ia., and W. Va.—Spr.-s 35. TIUM Medic. Perennial erect, virgate herbs. Leaflets numerous: blades mostly obtuse. Calyx campanulate with short lobes. Corolla white or urple: wings as long as the standard or nearly so. Pod narrow, short- hip ee with a deep narrow groove alon ventral suture which is produced ies pen a par- tial false crag ridged along the dorsal suture.—About 60 species, meee natives of North due and Asia. l. T. Michauxii Rt Rydb. Plant glabrous in age: flets 15-25; blades linear or nearly so 250 m. long: ealyx 4-5 mm. long; lobes deltoid or triangular- eolate, 1-1.5 mm. lon whit standard 13-16 mm. long: pod 2-4 em. long, a curved, ae i [| Astragalus glaber Michx. Psoralea multijuga A apilosum Rydb.]—Sandhills and dry pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. — Spr. 36. PHACA L. Perennial or annual diffuse herbs with several or man y stems from the top of the root. Leaflets numerous: blades broad, often notched. Calyx campanulate or cylindric-campanulate, with rather narrow lobes. o- rolla blue, purple, or yellow. Pod sessile, ne curved, with a deep wide shallow groove along the ventral suture an ridge along the dorsal, without a false partition.—About 20 species, North fee .—Spr. Pod pubescent: calyx-lobes longer than the tube. 1. P.int Pod glabrous: calyx-lobes shorter than the tube. 2., P. AE P. intonsa (Sheldon) pr Plant villous: leaflets 9-15; blades elliptic, ae or suborbieular, 3-10 mm. long; calyx 9-10 mm. long; lobes lanceolate-subu- ate, 4.5-5.5 m g: corolla dull-yellow stan 9-11 long d abou e long, villous. [Astragalus villosus Mich ] 1 " Tium intonsum | Rydb.]—Pinelands, m» banks, and r PER m Coastal Plain, Fla. Ala. and S. C. 2. P. oe bus n Plant gla- brous in age or nearly so: leaflets 15-25; blades obeordate to oblong- SIC 3-8 mm. long: calyx 5—6 mm. long; lobes nar- rowly lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long: corolla purple or ve ; standard 8-10 mm. long: pod 3-3.5 long, veiny. [ Astragalus obcordatus Ell, Tium obcordatum Rydb.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga. 37. ECASTOPHYLLUM L. Shrubs. Leaflets solitary: blades broad. Racemes short. Calyx not 2-lipped, the 5 broad lobes short. Corolla white or FABACEAE . 711 pink: standard with a suborbieular or reniform blade and a mee claw. Free potion of the filaments long. Pod lenticu- x | ar.—About 5 species, natives of tropieal and Uno d America, 1. E. Ecastophyllum er Britton. Shrub with wide-spreading or trailing branches ng; Bae ovate or mm. long: Sere white or pink; standard m. long, t d de pers pod suborbieular, 2 $ in di e = erg U. S.) ]— — Coasta l era dius and shore hammocks, S S» Fla. and K eys — (N. C. A. 0. —In rshes behind. sand- dunes uc "branches rds dnos pensions jungles. 38. AMERIMNON Jacq. Shrubs. Leaflets solitary. Racemes short. Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip with 2 broad lobes: lower lip with 2 short lateral lobes and a Pa middle one. Corolla white o? or pink: andard with an obovate or cuneate D and a short elaw. xu ipi and ovary as in Ecastophyllum. Pod m or less aset stipitate.—About 12 spe- cies, tropical American. . A. Brownei Jacq. Shrub with reclining or trailing branches: leaflets thickish, the blades 6-12 em. long, ovate to elliptic- -ovate, od E acutish, Lus us in age: racemes x 4—5 mm. lo 2 broad. penes lateral lobos of HB lower : lip ovate, the middle lobe see ae e i hite or pink; standard 8-10 mm. long, the blade obovate or cuneate: pods iur oblong, or (eem oblong, 1-3. 5 em. img —Shore hammocks, S pen. Fla. and the Ke eys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—-The greatly elonga ate, often rope- like branches, frequently form almost NETS entanglements on the edges of hammocks. 39. ICHTHYOMETHIA P. Br. Trees. Leaflets several, pinnate. Pani- eles thyrsoid. Calyx slightly 2-lipped, the upper lip notched: lower lip of three broad lobes about equal in length. Corolla white or partially colored: standard with a broad blade cordate at the base, and a short claw. Pod narrow, 4-winged.— About 6 NAA natives of tropical and sub- - tropical Amer 1. I. piscipula (L.) A. Hitche. Medium- sized tree: leaflets 7-9; blades oval or obo- . vate, or nearly ovate, 2-10 em. long, undulate stri iped wi red: standard 14-16 mm. long, the blade pee enipe pod 5-10 em. long, 712 FABACEAE the wings undulate or incised. [Piscidia Erythrina L.]—(JAMAICA-DOGWOOD.)— Hammocks, coastal region, S pen. Fla., Everglade Keys, and Florida Keys.— (W. I.)—Spr. The hard durable wood is valued for pu Dd lding. The bark of the roots and powdered other parts of the tree were formerly used to stupefy fish. 40. ANDIRA Lam. Trees. Leaflets several. Panicle terminal, ample. SL slightly 2- (en the upper lip notched: lower lip of three broad acute lobes. Corolla purple or reddish: - standard with a broad blade. Pod thick, d subglobose or somewhat elongate.—About 20 species, most abundant in "dxopical America. 1. A. en wae fe ME Wright) Urban. Tree wide eading arpa Eius finely bsc uh and inflor leaves 1-3 dm. long; leaflets mostly 9-13, the iid elliptie or oval, varying to ovate. =i or obov 5-8 em. long, abruptly cat MN nate, bs petiolate: panicle many-flow- : ered, much-branched: flowers purplish: calyx campanulate; lobes wider than long, the lower ones acute: standard 9-10 mm. long; the blade suborbieular: pod subglobose, oval, z obovoid, mostly 5-7.5 cm. long.—Hammocks, Bahia Honda m la.—(W. I.)—Su m.—Livi ving specimens collected on B ahia Honda Key e grown um the former Deering reservation at Buena Vista, Fla., where they faced in 192 41. PITCHERIA Nutt. Perennial erect wiry herbs. Leaflets 3: blades coriaceous. Flowers axillary, solitary. Calyx 2-lipped, the lobes elongate, the the small beak nearly or dn central at the rounded tip.—One spec 1. P. galactioides Nutt. Plant 6-12 dm. tall, widely pii ar Viae short- Po leaflets 5- d blades val obovate-oval, reticulat a resin "d lower ealyx-lobes Luis ee acuminate, 5-7 mm. long: standard 7- a blade oe pod elliptic- aie A m. long. [Rhync diis galactioides adl ]—Dry sandy pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.—Spr.— LICHOLUS Medie. Perennial herbaceous vines. Leaves long- red, idus 3; blades thin, not reticulate. Flowers in id axil- ary racemes. Calyx slightly 2-lipped, the 2 upper lobes searcely more united mud the others. Corolla yelow: blade of the standard broadened upward: FABACEAE 713 blade of the wing- petals auricled at the base: blades of the keel-petals rather — dil curved. Pod flat, scimitar-shaped, slightly margined, the beak eccen- trie.—Few species, mostly tropical. rte several- flowered: blades of the leaflets of a rhombic type: o 1-1.5 cm minimus. ree m aad blades of the leaflets of an ovate type: pod 2.5— c 2. D. Swartz. 1. D. minimus (L.) Medic. Stem sapere retrorse-pubescent: leaflets 0.8-4 em. long; blades of the lateral ones semirhombie, that of the uaa one i nt: rhombie-orbicular, sparin ubesce calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate, longer than he t stan 5—6 blad bicular-cuneate: m of the wings acute: LS od 10- 2 long. [Rhynchosia minima DC. ].— qoe W^ ds of ham- mocks, qoem cha Fla and S. C.— —(W. I. Mez., C. A., 8.4.) Spr fall or all year S. 2. D. Swartzii Vows Stem finely retrorse- lobes broadly E d shorter than the n o A . lon ng: T lon [Eh Dea carib C.]— prc S pen. Fla. and the Ec I.)—AII year. 43. LEUCOPTERUM Small. Herbaceous vines. Leaves long-petioled: leaflets 3: dan rather broad, thiekish. Flowers few, in peduncled axillary racem Calyx 2-lipped, not acerescent, the lobes of the upper lip well be the middle lobe sj the lower lip much longer than the lateral ones. Corol yellow: blade of the standard broadened upward: blade of the wing petals with a rounded lobe at the base: blade of the keel petals rather broad, slightly eurved: ovary short-stipitate: style elongate, hairy and glandular near T base, much swollen near the apex. Pod broad, nearly equilateral, the beak eccentric and oblique. One species. parvifolium (DC.) Small Ste em ix | caisson leaflets 1.5-3.5 em. long; preg e to E or some- calyx-lo 1 nceol E d suborbieular: ds of the wings obtuse: a 13-17 mm. long. [Rhynchosia parvifolius DC. Dolicholus eee . Vail|—Pinelands,, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.)—Spr.—fall or all year 44. RHYNCHOSIA "nagd Perennial herbs with erect or climbing stems. Leaves long-petioled: leaflets 3 or 1; blades broad, often wider than long. Flowers in short-stalked ie congested racemes. Calyx 2-lipped, accres- cent: lobes of the upper lip well-united: middle lobe of the lower lip longer 714 FABACEAE than the lateral. Corolla yellow, about as long as the calyx or shorter: blade of the standard suborbicular to d A Es blade of the wing-petals wit salient auricle on each side at the base: blades of the keel- Lais broad, strongly curved. Pod flat, 2. the beak very eccentric.—About 150 species, in tropical and temperate region Stem prostrate or climbing. I. LATIFOLIAE. Stem erect. II. ERECTAE. I. Lat Leaves dnb or rarely the socie ee: ra- cemes ax 1. R. Michauzü, Leaves "trifotiol late. : Racemes Mon short- -peduncled or sessile. Stem nd branches procter cinereous: pod broad at ae end ; beak lateral. 2. R. cinerea. Stem and branches CHORUS climbing, retrorse-hirsute : pod cn at each end : beak oblique. 3. R. tomentosa. mae. peduncled, or the uppermost short-peduncled, elon- gating. 4. R. Lewtonii. II. ERECTAE Leaves unifoliolate, the leaflets with reniform blades. 5. R. simplicifolia. Leaves pode tas eld or some o the basal ones uni ifoliolate. Rac xillary, never long-peduncled and S lonedt e. Stem 1-2 dm. tall: median lobe of the lower calyx-lip subulate: inflorescence n hirsute. 6. R. intermedia. Stem 2-8 dm. tall: median lobe of the lower calyx-lip lanceolate: ndo cdcefi co. series SerICIOUS 1. R. erecta. Racemes mainly terminal or a few of them "axillary: com- only much elongate. 8. R. mollissima. . R. Michauxii Vail. Stem densely gray-pubescent: leaflets 2.5-5 mm. long; blades broader than long, soft-hirsute beneath: calyx 12-17 mm. long; lobes i da -14 mm. ¿x mm. obliquely beaked. [Rhynchosia menisper- Lag ea (Chapm. Fl.) . a MichauzWi Vail. ]—Pinelands, Fla.—Spr.—fal 2. R. cinerea Nash. Stem cinereous- pubes- cent: leaflets 1-3 em. long; blades obliquely adsl to ovate-orbieular or the terminal on orm, thick: lateral ib ie ONCE markedly shorter than the lower S H one; lobes of the ppr pin lip lanceolate: SR 4 A standard 6-7 mm od 14-15 2 " Wee long. [Dolicholus RUN Vail] — Pine- lands, pen. Fla. and the Keys.—Spr.-fall or all year S. R. tomentosa (L.) H. & A. Stem retrorse-hirsute: leaflets 3-6 E Sunt blades ovate to ovate-rhombie, or the terminal one wider than long, t softly pubescent: lateral ealyx-lobes nearly linear, about equalling n prem one; lobes of the upper calyx-lip subulate; standard 7-8 mm. long: pod 16-20 . long. [Dolicholus tomentosus Vail]— 23 nelands, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and Va.—Sum.-fal 4. R. Lewtonii (Vail) Small. Stem soft- deri a leaflets 3-6 em. long; Ps m er sd to id B the terminal one wider than ong: No * ng; er lobe w and longer than the lateral ones: is d 8- pm m. long; blade broadiy obo eo reticulata (Chapm. FI. ` Dolicholus Lewtonii Vail]—Pinelands, pen, Fla FABACEAE 715 5. R. simplicifolia (Walt.) Wood. Stem hirsute: leaflets 2-5 em. long; blades ype aaa pales p reniform, hirsute on the veins beneath, strongly bou reticulate: calyx 8-10 m ong; upper lobes rei ovate, lower lobe abo equalli ng the lateral ones: “stands rd 6. rA oe i e e e or suborbicular: wings about as long as long, elliptie; beak Eu latera]. Rhynchosia podio pen "bo. Dolicholus simplicifolius Vail]—(DOLL AR-WEED. )— —Pinelands, open woods, and fields, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla., an nd La, and Va.— —Spr.—fall. R. intermedia (T. & G.) Small. Stem tomentose: leaflets 2-5 cm. long; blades Eu and often somewhat rhombie, or ovate-orbieular, or those of the 1 al ones ovate or oval: lower calyx-lobes various, the lateral ones _ Bus M .the median one eu slender-tipped; upper lobes space lanceolate: standard 7-8 mm. long; blade nearly elliptic or elliptic- obov wings much shorter than the standard: pod 15-18 mm. lo ong, narrowly linie | [Dotichotus intermedius Vail]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala. and Ga. us 2. erecta (Walt. DC. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, softly pubescent: pda 2.0—9 ong; blades oval, eng i p a -oval, velvety beneath: lower calyx- lobes narrowly lanceolate; lobes o upper calyx-lip menage ole than the tube: standard 5-6.5 mm i Er de a ary short- o a pod 14—16 mm. long, elliptie; beak eccentric. [Dolic iene Mr Vail]— soil, especially in poem Coastal Plain, and rarely adj. provinces, hu n4 La., Tenn., and Del 8. R. mollissima (Ell) S. Ma Stem 3-6 dm. tall, closely and silvery soft- pubescent: leaflets 2.5—4.5 em. long; blades oval or oval-elliptic: calyx his- pidulous; - ib lobes dp Janceolate, the middle e one the lon ood aig ndard 6.5-7.5 m ong; blade obovate: ovary hispidul pod 19— long, slightly pots beak lateral. [Dolicholus motliesimus a Coastal Plain, Fla. and adj. Ga. to Miss.—Spr.-fall. 45. CAJAN Adans. Partially woody herbs. Leaflet Racemes few several-flowered. Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, the upper E Mero nca Corolla yellow ers so: blade of t ye y standard aoa sharp-auricled at oe base: blades of the wings rather promi- nently, but unequally auricled on each side: blades of the keel-petals obtuse at the apex. Pod turgid, elongate.—One species. C. Cajan (L.) Millsp. Plant 9-30 dm i S | ds, a: mmoc i S pen. Fla., and the Keys.—Nat. of Old Wor Jä Tropics and cult.—(W. I.)—All year.—Grown extensively for its pea-like seeds which are boiled and eaten or used for feeding poultry. 46. ERYTHRINA L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. TEN 3. Racemes several-many-flowered. Calyx obliquely truncate. Corolla red, scarlet, or erim- 716 FABACEAE son: standard conspicuous, erect, narrowed upward: wings and the keel-petals very small, nearly equal in size, the blades short-clawed. Androecium ex- serted: filaments united to about the middle and slightly above it. va long-stipitate. Pod torulose.—About 20 a natives of tropical and warm- temperate regions.—Wint.-spr.—CORAL-BEANS. CHEROKEE-BEANS. DRAGON'S- TEETH. SNAKEWEEDS.—An infusion, mi from the leaves, is used by the Seminoles in canine diseases. Herb: stem annual: standard elliptic. 1. E. herbacea. Shrub or tree: stems perennial, very woody : standard lanceolate. 2. E. arborea. . E. herbacea L. Herbs 6-12 dm. tall: leaflets 3-9 em. long; blades Pd. to hastate: racemes many-flowered : pee campanulate: standard 45-50 m long; blade about 2 cm. wide: wing- p 15-17 e . ong (Canina -SPEAR.) —Pine- lands, ks, thickets, and e of woods, QUAE Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. 2. E. arborea (Chapm.) Small Shrub or tree 3-8 m. tall or a woody vine: i: wing- petals 11-1? n. iu pod drooping, 8-15 em. long. [E. herbacea arborea oed Ll - (Bi: ee Ven. m- mocks, S an —The brilliantly re 1 are Un ced and used as beads. 47. MICROPTERYX Walp. Shrubs ees. Leaflets 3. Flowers clustered in the axils or in elongate panicles. pos 2-lipped, A" with shallow b Corolla crimson: standard conspicu- ous, spreading, bed upward: wi and keel-petals very unequal in size, the / former short, the latter elongate, clawless | Androecium included in the keel: filaments fi united to near the tip. Ovary short-stipi- tate. Pod cylindric—About 6 species, tropical, 1. M. Crista-galli (L.) Walp. Shrub or oe tree, pus priekle-armed: leaflets 5—14 em. long; "bla elliptic a oval, or ovate, gla- brous: racemes ecd owe ered: calyx 13- 15 mm. lon cr standa did obovate, 40—45 mm. long: win 9—11 long: ids du lanceolate, 30-35 mm. oe ng: pod 18- m. long. Fe aes Crista-galli L.|— Waste- places, Coastal Plain, Gulf E e Nat. of S. A., and cult. 48. STIZOLOBIUM P. Br. Leaflets 3. Racemes or panicles erect, usu- ally few-flowered. Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip often slightly notched; lower lip 3-lobed. Corolla red or purple: standard much shorter than the other petals, DOCU 717 the blade Mis than deni blades of the wings auricled ne side: keel-petals scythe-shaped. g Pod ea. Mcd 20 species, mostly in tropical regions. ow at the bent apex: pod 5-9 em. lo ong, coarsely ubesee ent. [Mucuna Deeringiana Small]—(VELVET-BEAN. ee EAN. )—Pinelands, oo citrus groves, and old-fields, pen. Fla. Nat. of ‘Asia Uae grown as a ground-cover. 49. MUCUNA Adans. Woody vines. Leaflets 3. Racemes pendent, head- like, the several flowers borne in a radiating cluster. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip entire, the lower lip prominently 3-lobed. Corolla nian eue standard much shorter than the other petals: keel-petals scythe-shaped. Pod thick, but flattish, with promi- nent transverse corrugations.—About 25 species, mostly tropica m n Sloanei Fawe. & Rendle. Vigorous woody : blades of the leaflets ovate (the lateral ones em. long : K pen. Fla.—(W. I. S. A.)—A] year.—The hairs of the pod are exceeding irritating to the skin—henee ‘“eowitch.’’ The seeds are used as beads and ornaments for watch-chain 50. DIOCLEA H. B. K. Vines or woody plants. Leaflets 3. Panicle raceme-like, long-peduncled. Calyx 2-lipped, the lobes, except the middle lower one, ‘short. Corolla blue or purple, or white: standard reflexed, narrowed at the base. sessile or ni so. Pod flat.—About 16 species, mostly natives of tropical America. 1. D. multiflora (T. & G.) C. Mohr. Plant pubes- cent: leaflets 5- ak em. long; blades oval, subor- bicular, or renifor alyx 5-7 mm. long; lo lobes Jane eolate: sarei unde standard 12-15 ong. Coastal Plain, m occasionally adj. pim to La., Ark., and Ky.—Sum 1. GALACTIA P. Br. Vines with prostrate or twining stems, or erect partially woody plants. Leaflets 3 or rarely 1, 5 or 7. Panicles raceme-like. 718 FABACEAE Calyx 2-lipped, the lobes sean long. Corolla violet, red, or white: stand- ard erect or spreading: wings and keel-petals with relatively short claws. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Pod turgid, elongate, or the subterranean ones, when present, short.—About 70 species, natives of warm and tropical regions. —Sum.—fall or all year S.—MILK-PEAS.— The corollas are mainly purple. Stem erect: leaf-rachis not prolonged beyond the lateral leaflets: flower-clusters ses- sile or nearly so in the axils. I. ERECTAE. Stem prostrate or wining: leaf-rachis prolonged: panicles elon- gate, continuous or purse ted. Plant with decumbent or prostrate stems. and branches. II. DIF Plant with twining stems and branches. III. VOLUI ES: I. ERECTAE Plant with solitary or clustered, wiry, somewhat zigzag stems. 1. G. erecta. II. DIFFUS Panicles shorter than the leaves, at least, in ede flower- clusters approximate. Calyx coarsely hirsute. Pa o. usually with. one flower-cluster: leaflets of the r leaves narro 2. G. brachypoda. Pan iles with Sacral 'fower- clusters: leaflets broad. 3. G. floridana. Caly * pldbrous or UAE 4. G. regularis. Paniclés ECCO ng the leaves: flower-clusters separated Blades of the ns oval or elliptie: ealyx 6—9 mm. long cle x a: half as long as the peduncle 5. G. brevipes. Panicle shorter than the peduncle. 6. G. prostrata. "Blades ‘of the: sera ae! Peen ae to linear: ,calyx 10-16 mm T. G. pinetorum. III. VOLUBILES Leaves with 3 leaflets : corolla vi iolet. Panicles several (2-7) in a leaf-axil, the rachis zigzag. 8. G. fasciculata. Panicles solitary (rarely 2) in a le af-ax Peduncle shorter than the panicle-rachis, shorter or somewhat longer than the leave eee ud p us : upper cuc Iob triangular to Leaflets, a hë upper leaves with ovate, oval, or D pis. a standard mostly less 9. Œ. volubilis. Te ners of the Do. leaves with linear or nearly linear blades: standard over 11 mm long. 10. G. parvifolia. Standard striped : upper eee broadly ovate. Panicles sessile or nearly s leaflets coriaceous. 11. G. Sd Panicles long-peduncled : leaflets membranous. 12. GŒ. striata, Peduncle ich longer than the panicle-rachis and leaves, 13. G. mollis. Leaves with 7--9 leaflets: corolla white. 14. G. Elliottii. 1. G. erecta (Walt.) Vail. Stem glabrous or nearly so: leaflets 2.5-4 c long; blades elliptie to linear: calyx 5—6 mm. long; lateral lobes longer than the eq. tals 6-7 mm. long: pod 1.5-2 em. lon [G. NAE T. & G.]— Pinelands, Coastal Plain Fla. to Ala., a.?), and N. C. G. brachypoda T. & G. Stem ee or r nearly ae leaflets 2—83.5 € ong; rete elliptic -: linear- pir. a 4.5-5 long; lateral lobes acute: keel-petals 6 mm. long: vod not seen.—Pinelands, Fla. 3. G. floridana T. & G.. Stem hoary-pubes- cent: leaflets 1.5—4.5 em. long borea and on petioles less than 1 em. long in G. flori- dana microphylla Vail): bla d oval or elliptie-oval: flowers scattered nearly the FABACEAE 719 length of the rachis (or ne 2—4 together at regular intervals above the middle of the rachis in G. floridana longiracemosa Vail): calyx 7—8 mm. long; lateral lobes acuminate: keel- ul 10-11 mm. long: pod 4-5 em. long.—Pine- lands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala 4. G. reg ularis (L.) B. S. P. Stem minutely retrorse- m leaflets 2—4.5 em. Pus ng; bi “elliptic or ovate-elliptic: calyx 7-9 m luv da obscurely ous-margined: keel-petals 11-13 mm. long: po 2. 5-4 lon [G. glabella Michx.]— —Pinelands and sandhills, cn edges of ET Coastal Plain, and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Tenn., and N. Y. 5. G. brevipes Small. Stem pe E with Puis UAR hairs and somewhat clammy: leaflets 2—4 c ong; blades oval or nearly so: calyx 6-7 mm. long; ; lateral CE several ae longer than the tube: keel-petals 11—13 mm. long: pod not seen.—Pinelands, near Trader’s Hill, on the Coastal Plain f A 6. G. pro pig Small. Stems finely pubescent with hal E appressed or ascending hairs: leaflets mostly 1.5-3 em. long, ate longer; blades ra or oval varying to ovate or obovate: calyx 8- g: stan ard 15-17 m ong: pod not seen. — Pinelands, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla.—All year. 7. Q. pinetorum Small. Stem finely pubescent: leaflets 1. 5—5 em. long; pistes typically linear- ar or linear, or rarely broader: calyx 11-16 mm. long: standard 15-20 mm. long: pod 4.5- 6 em. pre —Pinelands, Everglade Keys, la.—All year. a | | 8. G. fasciculata Vail. Stem retrorsely canescent: leaflets 1.5-3 em. long; blades suborbicular to elliptic-orbicular: calyx 8-9 mm. long; lateral lobe repel about as long as the tube: keel-petals 11-12 mm. ues no sub- terrane n pod.— —Sandy soil, Tampa, Fla 9. G. kage (L.) Britton. Stem finely retrorse-hirsute: leaflets 2-5 cm. long; blades ovate, oval, or elliptic- ino or lanceolate- PE calyx 5—6 long; lobes ciliate: kee eel-pe etals 9-11 mm. long: pod 3-5 em. long. [G. o Ell. p pod buy E Pr “Coastal Plain a ‘occasionally adj. prov- inces, Fla Okla., Mo. orm n the Everglade l Keys with h pros a ad pod a Dani Y 10. G. parvifolia A. Rich. Stem minutely pubescent: d mostly 1-4 long; ; blades various, oe varying ay broadest above or be low the middle, or those of the lower leaves broader, varying from ov ate o or oval to obovate, all thin or thinnish, poss y A meds ealyx 5-8 mm. long: keel- -petals 6.5— . long: po od 3.5-4.5 em. ong. [G. filiformis (Chapm. FI. Mc ane lands and ‘hammocks. Everglade oe pen. Fla. and the Keys. —AN y . Gs iciformis T. & G. Stem retrorse- Ds leaflets 2.5-8 cm. long; le ead a elon -oval: calyx 5-6 mm. long: standard 9-10 mm. long; pude auricled a e base: keel. -petals 8-9 mm. n. per 4-5 em. long. [G. cubensis (Fl. SE. T S.)] Hammocks and pinelands, S Fla.—(W. I.)—Th uie ccs have short internodes and the flower- clusters are close together. 12. G. striata (Jacq.) Urb an, Stem l loosely fine-pubescent: leaflets pd | ryin o : calyx mm. lon standard 9-10 em. long; blade ee at the base: ee 9-10 mm long: pod 4-8 cm. long.—Hammocks and thickets, S pen. —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)—The peduneled ut S have long Mi and the flower- clusters are often widely separated. 13. Œ. mollis Michx. Stem villous or somewhat hoary: jendebs 2.5-5 em. long; blade: oval or elliptic: calyx 5-6 mm. long: standard 7-8 mm. long; 720 FABACEAE blade not T keel- -petals 9-6 mm. long: pod 2.5-4 cm. long—Pinelands, mps, and river-banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—Su m—G. mollis Nashit Vail has stem ou lightly pubescent. 14. G. Elliottii Nutt. Stem retrorse-hirsute (or silky in G. Elliottii Leaven- worth E & G.): leaves evergreen or near y so; leaflets 2-3 em. long; blad elliptic: calyx 7-10. mm. long; the upper lip 'and pi Ka s ‘conspicuously 2 nge er than the Bis. lobes: Ga 11-13 mm keel-petals 10-12 long: pod elliptic, 3—4 long.—Low pinelunds, Coastal Plain and cae ain adj. provinces, Fla. p? Tenn. and N. C.—Sum ola PUERARIA DC. Woody vines. Leaflets 3. Panicles raceme-like, te tu : : and keel-petals with rather short claws. Ovary short-stipitate. Pods flat, nar- row, rather long.—About 10 species, Asiatic. The following is widely cul- tivated. | 1. P. por Mie ces (S. & Z.) Benth. Stem and branches hirsute, becoming D and glabrous, E. Kn uA eer ets 3-6. inches long; pi mbic or ‘ovate-rhombic les lobed. abruptly acumi a short peticluled; pani nicles short-peduncled, r e-like, ostly 1-2.5 dm. long; Saab pedicelle; f hubs campanulate, ; rple- tinged ; lobes Ae than Ts tube, Ehe E; lower lobe the longer: corolla main inly dull 4 dice ded ple; standard about 2 em. long, e blade suborbicular, with a "rellow ‘blotch at "the base: blades of the dari iud eas than the claws: pod linear, 4-5 c e shaggy-pubescent.—(KUupzu E — = : sides, fence-rows, and woods, 2l T inces, E U. S. ge neum Nat. of Su 52. PALCATA Gmel. Herbaceous vines. Leaflets 3. -Racemes or pani- cles several-many-flo -flowered. Calyx 2-lipped, upper lip broader than the lobes of the lowe r ap which are shorter than the tube. Corolla not showy, blue, 1. F. comosa (L.) Kuntze. Leaflets 3-10 em. long; pus m to ovate-lanceolate: calyx 6-8 ong; upper lip deltoid; lower lobes ace d -subulate, less than lo as long as the tube: blades of the keel- D much E orter than the claws: pod Nutt. ]— Meadows, ‘thickets, and en or damp Minn us provinees, Fla. to Eu ebr., l Ms um.—F. Pitcheri, origi described from Ark., the longer RE lobes and shorter iem (lightly longer than the ae of FABACEAE 721 the wings and keel, may occur east of the Mississippi River. Subterranean l- or 2-seeded pods are often produced after the manner of the peanut of com- merce. These are known as HOG-PEANUTS.—Sum. BRADBURYA Raf. Vines. Leaflets 3, or 5 or 7. Racemes few- d Bu 2-lipped, the upper lip shorter than the lobes of the lower lip, which are much longer than the tube. Corolla pink, blue, violet, or white: blade of Ga standard suborbicular or reniform spurred above the b on th outside: wings and keel-petals with short claws, the blades of the latter strongly curved, narrower than those of the former, and with a prominent auricle at the base. Pod elongate, long-beaked, its margins thickened. [Cen- trosema Benth.|—About 30 species, Ameriean.—BUTTERFLY-PEAS.— The corol- las of our species are mainly violet. Lateral lobes of the lower culvedin as long as the median one: upper lobes erdt bracts acuminate. 1. B. virginiana. Lateral lobes of the lower calyx-lip much ET than the median one: upper lobes lanceolate: bracts acu Blades s the leaflets cordate or SUbcordHte “at the base: lateral lobes the lower calyx-lip much longer than the lobes of the u nae li 2. B. arenicola. . Blades of the leaflets rounded at the base: lateral lobes of the lower calyx-lip about as long as the lobes of the upper lip. 3. B. floridana. 1. B. virginiana (L.) Kuntze. en 3—11 em. long; blades linear, ads narrowly so and elongate, to ovate, hor distinet sealloped marginal vein S e lower ones, like the lateral ones of the lower lip, setaceous-subulate: blade of the stand- ard 21-25 mm. wide or "uds pir Mies linear, 7—14 em. long, 3.5 wide: seed ellipsoid- -eylindrie 2.5—3 "y long. "[C. nth.]— “Pinelands, hammocks, odd “fields, or serub, usually in acid soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and N. J. 2. B. arenicola Small. Leaflets 2-5 em. (-~>\; long; blades e to elliptie-ovate, retuse, |——wW blun t, or minutely apiculate at the apex, ZN rN or subcordate p) the base: bracts ~ vate: upper ea uch sho ter than the lower one, its lobes and the lateral lobes of the lower lip lanceolate: blade of the standard 25-30 mm. wide: pod not seen.—Pinelands, C pen. Fla.—Sum 3. B. floridana Britton. Plant similar to B. arenicola in habit: leaflets 2-8 em. long; blades laneeolate to oval, obtuse or acutish at the apex, rounded at the base: bracts ovate: calyx similar to that of B. arenicola, but somewhat smaller, but the corolla larger: pod 8-15 em. long, 5-6 mm. wide; seed sub- eylindrie, 6—7.5 mm. long.—Pinelands, Fla. 54. CLITORIA L. Vines. Leaflets several. Racemes or panicles 1-sev- eral-flowered. Calyx 2-lipped, the lobes of the upper lip partly united, resembling the lateral lobes of the lower lip, but often shorter. Corolla blue, purple, red, or white: standard erect, the blade suborbicular: blades of the 46 722 l FABACEAE wings and the keel-petals long-clawed, often adherent, those of the former not auricled, those of the latter very small. yle curved, pubescent. Pod narrow, somewhat flat- tened.—About 6 ea natives of the Old World tropics. C. Ternatea L. Stem and Branches high- twining: leaflets 5—7 em. long; blades ovate, oval, or orbieular: Ra ac- 19 Ter long; lobes of the upper lip a andard 40- 50 mm. long; blades of ino koel. petals longer iiy the ide pod 8-11 em tensively, as an ornamental vine. The deep- qp or a white, flowers are very beeen Nat. of E. I.—(W. I.)—AIll 55. MARTIUSIA Schult. Erect or diffuse herbs with long roots. Leaf- lets 3. Raeemes few-flowered. Calyx 2-lipped, the lobes of the upper lip pelea united. Corolla violet-blue or fv standard erect, the blade obovate blades of the wings and keel- ag long-clawed, those of the niis ni aurieled at the base. t . Pod narrow, turgid.—About 8 species, all American, —BUTTERFLY-PEAS. 7 NIE Leaflets of the upper leaves with ovate, elliptic- ovate, or ovate-lanceolate blades: pod with a stipe shorter than the calyx 1. M. mariana. Leaflets of t upper leaves with nd or linear-elliptie blades: pod with a stipe longer than the calyx 2. M. fragrans. M. mariana (L.) Small Stem 3-12 dm. long, diffuse, or rarely twining, groon. leaflets of the upper leaves 2.5-7 em. long; blades ovate, dr ken -ovate, ovate-lanceolate, not reticulate, green: UN 21—23 mm. long ; median lobe of the 0 the el hem ellipsoid: long, or rarely shorter, green, short-st bi tate. [Clitoria mariana L.] , river n provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N ‘Sum, or spr. S. 2. M. fragrans Small. Stem 1-5 dm. tall, erect, often a branched, seit leafle ts vl upper leaves. 2—5 long; blades linear or rie ieee ae idu ae glaucous: em 14-1 ong; median lobe of the a p cet longer than the we ones: c pale-purple: standard 4.5—5 . long: blades of the keel-petals about as long as the elaws: anthers REN pod 6-8 cm. long, glaucous, Heed Pd E ud fragrans Small |—Scrub and sandhills, S. part of lake region, Fla FABACEAE 723 56. GLYCINE L. Vines with tuberous rootstocks. Leaflets 5-9. Racemes or panicles many-flowered, dense. Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip broad, often 2-lobed: lower lip 3-lobed. Corolla di >r or chocolate-colored : standard reflexed, the blade often broader than pla des of the wings and keel-petals short-clawed, the former auricled " ue base, those of the latter spiral Style spiral, glabrous. Pod turgid. [Apios Moench. ]—Five species, natives of North America and Asi Corolla s DUE or ehocolate-colored.: standard with the blade rounded or re- tuse at the lower calyx-lobe s 1. G. Apios. iie greenish- bead tinged near with rose-purple or enta: standard with the blade po om into a spongy ap- Bendguo at the apex: lower calyx-lobe subulate. 2. G. Priceana. 1. G. Apios L. Rootstock bearing numerous fleshy oblong, oval, or globose tubers bar em. thick: leaflets 5-7, or rarely 3; blades ovate to lanceolate, 3-10 cm. lo ong: calyx 4-5 mm. long: aad. ard 9— 13 long: 6—12 em. long. r Apios te erosa d E ~ Thickets, meadows, er-banks, uu a various eode Fla. Minn. and N. B.—Sum.—fa The. em were an important aboriginal food. Priceana (B. L. Robinson) Britton Root ock bearing an obovoid- spheroidal C€ tuber. dip tly 12-20 em. thick: leaflets 5-9, ^ rarely 3; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate: // calyx 8-10 ] stand — ( mm. long: pod 12-15 e m. long. [Aptos did B. L. Robins iur Se woods, Interi Low Plateaus, Tenn. and Ky.—Sum . PHASEOLUS [Tourn.] L. Vines or diffuse plants. Leaflets 3 or rarely 1. Racemes or panicles simple or branched. Calyx short and very broad, 2-lipped, the upper lip entire or broadly 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed. Corolla variously colored: blades the wings much smaller than that of the standard, short-elawed: blades of Bie keel-petals not dilated at the base, short- clawed. Style curved. Seed with rounded ends.—About 470 species, natives jf warm and temperate regions.—BEANS. PHEASANT-FLOWERS.—The various species i varieties furnish a great variety of beans for human food. Perennial native plants: ovary glabro Stem trailing: leaflets mostly broades than long. 1. P. sinuatus. Stem climbing: leaflets mostly longer er pront Blade of the terminal leaflet not hastat 2. P. polystachyus. Blade of the terminal leaflet ha Ses de 3. P. smilacifolius.. Annual introduced plants: ovary pubes EE blade 7 A mm. wide: wis eni 15 mm. long. x 5-6 mm. long: pod turgid: ede tumi om glabrous or poba gien nt: pod broad, over 1 cm. wide, 12-20 c 4. P. vulgaris. Stem retrorse me ‘pod narrow, less than 1 em. wide, (RA. Du ng. 5. P. angularis. Calyx 3-4 m pod flat: seeds flat 6. P. lunatus. Standard blade: 20-30. a wide: wings 30- $4 mm. long. 7. P. adenanthus. 1. P. sinuatus Nutt. Stem glabrous or nearly S0, trailing, 1-4 m. lon ng, branching; leaflets 3; blades deltoid-ovate in outline with 3 more or less FABACEAE -1 bo He prominent lobes, 2-4 em. long, reticulate, mucronulate, truncate or ver y broadly cune- ate at the base: racemes several times longer than the ju leaves, ML ; rachis wire-like: Pe edicels 5- a mm. long: ealyx campanulate, 2.5— DES . long; lobe rounded or apiculate: Re poe purple; standard with a blade nearly 1 em. wide: ‘pod some- what “scimitar i aped, 3.5-4 em. long.— (WiL N.)—Dry pinelands and ham- mocks, “Coastal pane Fla. to Miss. and N. C. m. or all year S 2. P. polystachyus (L.) B P. Stem minutely ‘pubescent, climbing, iu m. long, branehing: leaflets 3, the blades ovate to orbieular-ovate, 4—1 cm . long, acuminate, often conspicuously nerved, rounded or subeordate at the base: racemes or panicles slender, biu Hi sub- tending leaves, simple or compound, short- ‘peduncle ed: pedice s 4—8 mm. long: calyx eampanulate, 2.5-3 mm. long; lobes rounded or edm mur ngular: corolla purple or whitish : pod scimitar- eee ed, 4—8 em. long, often glaucous. : eld Walt. ]—(BEAN-VINE. VE x stream- banks, a and a dk and Me. 3. P. smilacifolius Pollard. Stem minutely pubescent, twining, 1-4 m. long, mad a leaflets 3, the blades ve id thin, ovate in outline, 4—8 em. long, aeute, more or less distinetly 3 -lobed, soon gla iu. racemes ‘usually shorter than the subtending leaves: pedicels tends 5-15 mm. long: ealyx glabrous, cam- panulate, 2.5-3 mm Kr lobes ro ounded: rd pu or white; blade about 1 em. wide: wings 12-14 mm. long; pod 5-6 em. long.—Hammocks, pen. Fla.—Spr.-fall. 4. P. vulgaris L. Stem erect or climbing: petioles e: g bes rulent: leaflets. 5-12 em. long; blades broadly ovate or iss of the terminal one rhombie-ovate or orbieular-ovate, mostly acuminate e nicles e. ike, few- flowered: middle lobe of the a ealyx- up triangular- -lanceolate: standard white to purple; blade 12-16 mm. wide: wings 14-17 mm. long: Pod linear, straight or slightly eurved: seed "12-90 mm. Lin M TRING-BEAN. POLE-BEAN. KIDNEY-BEAN.)—Pinelands, hammocks, and waste-places, various provinces, la. to Tex.—Sum.-fall or all year S. Nat. of Eu. and cult. x angularis (Willd.) W. F. Wight. Stem erect, 1 m. tall or less, usualy branched: petioles o peu leaflets 3; blades 5-11 em. long, rhombic ae or that of the terminal on rhombic, somewhat hastately lobed, those of the lateral ones mad n ae on one side: lobes of the upper calyx- lip broadly rounded, glabrous or nearly so, those of dnd lower pm pee e -hirsute: standard yellowish; blade reniform, 12-15 mm. wide: about m. long: p narro d linear, e. mostly 7-9 em. E ong, chin: lightly a near. apex eed lon DZUK-BEAN. SELF-PERPETUATING PEA.)— Fields, E ay Bond banks, Coastal Plain, S Miss. and S La. Nat. of Asia.—Sum P. atus L. Stems twining or rarely erect: ut E. the blades 4—9 cm. s triangular or rhombic, mostly acute: pan ongate, raceme-like, many-flowered : Po i obe of the lower calyx. lip pus deltoid:. standard greenish- Suc bla 7-10 mm. wide: wings 8-10 mm. long: pod broad, scimitar- dc nc. EAN. (cu Uo and cult. grounds, Fla.—Sum or all year S. Nat. of Eu. and e FABACEAE 725 7. P. adenanthus G. E F. c Leaflets 2.5-6 em. long; blades ovate to elliptic- n mostly acute: panicles slightly elo Mp em 'several-lowered: lobes f the low noun iria ngular-lanee eolate: standard yellow, tinged with purple; J blade 20-3 0 mm. wide; wings 30-34 mm. long, _purple- pet ba Pis inear, curved. — Pinelands, S pen. Fla. Nat. of trop. and e fall or all year S. 58. STROPHOSTYLES Ell. Vines or trailing plants. Leaflets 3. Racemes or panicles cluster-like. Calyx similar to that of Phaseolus, but the lower lip with a longer middle lobe. Corolla mainly pink-purple or white: blades of the keel-petals n dilated at the base. Style spiral. Seed with truncate ends. About spe ecies, American.—WILD-BEANS. | SAND-BEANS. TRAILING-BEANS. Calyx gaping 5 uec glabrous; lateral lobes much smaller than the others: ovary and pod g Perennial ant blades of the wing-petals cuneate. 1. S. umbellata. Annual plants: blades of the wing-petals not cuneate. 2. S. helvola. Calyx not gaping; tube “hirsute ; lateral lobes not much smaller than the others: ovary and pod densely pubescent. 3. S. pauciflora. S. umbellata (Muhl.) Britton. Ns trailing: leaflets 1-4 cm. long; blades elliptic-lanceolate, varying ovate or lanceolate: corolla pink or pale- E , often fading pun blade of the standard reniform, 1-2 cm. broad: 2.5- -5 em. long. [Phaseolus helvolus (Chapm. F1.)]—Dry sandy fields and woods, ae: s and Tu Pc Fla , Mo. and N fall. LES iab id Ell. Stem trailing: leaf- lets 2-4 g; blades rhombic-oval, often 3-lobe Sd: REA purple or purplish, fading greenish; “blade of the standard sub- ry gin orbicula marginate: pod 6-10 em. long [Phaseolus diversifolius (Chapm. Fl.)]— River shores and damp thickets, various |< —--34/77:- and Que.— XENA provinces, Fla. to Tex., S. D., Sum.-fall. 3. S. paucifiora (Benth.) S. Wats. Stem diffuse or are Ms 1.5-3.5 a long ; Ape linear to lanceolate: corolla pale pe rple; of Ld stand- J— -8 broad: pod 2-3 River bui various provinces, Miss. to Tex., Colo., S D., Ind Z —fall. 59. VIGNA Savi. ois Leaflets 3. Racemes or panicles cluster-like. Calyx slightly 2-lipped, : upper lip broad, shorter than the lower lip, the middle lobe of the aln ER slightly longer than the lateral ones. Corolla yellow or purple: blades of the wings and the keel-petals ei broad, with an angular or reflexed auricle at the base. Pod narrow.—About 30 species, natives of warm and tropical regions a oa yellow: pod 6.5 cm. long or less: seeds irregular turgid, round-cubic, arly or quite as thick as high: plant pubescent. Blades of the le s acute or acuminate at the apex: lower lobes of the ealyx acute or acumina 1. V. repens Blades of the eaflets rounded iue emarginate at the apex: lower lobes of the calyx obtus 2. V. marina. Corolla mainly purple or violet: Dod 12 em. long or more: seeds reniform, flattened, much thinner than high; plant glabrous. 3. V. sinensis. 726 | FABACEAE l. V. repens (L.) Kuntze. Stem usually pubescent throughout: leaflets a cm. long; ue ovate to api or linear-lanceolate: calyx about 5 subulate longer than ies standar , 16-19 mm. long: pod 4-6.5 em. long luteola (Jaeq.) Benth.]—Cul waste- -places, woods, and thickets, Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.— (IF Mez., C. A., S. A.)—A1l year. V. arina (Berm.) Merrill. a mainly near the nodes: 3-11 em. long; blades broadly ovate or . orbicular-ovate, subor wees or orbicular-|~ obovate: calyx about 4 long; lower X lobe deltoid, not. longer ore the tube; lateral pis wider than corolla nearly as in V. repens: pod 4- . lon rr —Shore and waste- ee S. Fla.—(WF. I., O. W.)—Spr.—fall. QC m z —— ir ———À— : " - Ln B C a . ae Li 1 r4 ^, pag t 1. ' ( i a TD EU (Mee dh. D (oC a - 2 » Lu Wie tl AW IN. . CSOG.u£MA E ES i 3. V. sinensis (L.) Endl. Stem iu leaflets 8-15 em. long; blades ‘ovate to ovate-hastate or hastate: 7-0 mm. long; lower lobe much shorter than the ed Arie) narrow on a ae base; lateral lobes Lus ally narrowed ds e base dca rd 2.5-3.5 em. wide: ’ pod 12 —20 cm. long more.—(Cow poc EAN. pir places, fields, and ear Coastal Plain and adj. perde "Fla. to Tex, Mo. and N. C. Nat Sum.-fall. 60. DOLICHOS L. Herbs resembling Phaseolus, and with a similar ealyx. Corolla with a prominently appendaged standard, very broad wings and narrow keel-petals which are bent at right-angles, but not coile Pod linear to scimitar-shaped.—A bout 30 species, all tropieal 1. D. Lablab L. Leaflets 5-13 cm. long; ms bun xara or os E p dd na r zu usur corolla purple, violet, or white; blade of the ps 16-21 mm. "ide ' wings 17-21 mm. long: po 6-8 em. long, toothed- Pucca 13 mm. long, with a white scar.—(Hya- CINTH-BEAN. | BLACK-BEAN. EGYPTIAN-BEAN.)—Pinelands, hammocks, and waste- Dur pen. Il and the Keys. Nat. of E. I., and cult.—(W. I.)— Frequently grown an ornamental vine. The erect panicles of white or tinted force are sone acne. One-half the stamen-tube is illustrated. 61. CANAVALI Adans. Vines. Leaflets 3. Racemes or panicles mostly erect. Calyx d gan 2-lipped, the upper lip very broad, s than the lower lip, the 2 lobes broadly rounded, the lower lip with 3 small lobes Corolla reds colored or white, often conspicuous: blades of fe wings a keel-petals narrow, those of the latter with a prominent curved auricle at the base. Pod broad.—About 15 species, natives of tropical and subtropical regions. FABACEAE ' 727 Blades BE we leaflets obtuse or retuse at the apex: pod mostly less than 15 cm. long: seed b 1. C. lineata. Blades of "the leaflets abruptly acute or acuminate: pod mostly over 15 cm. long: seed red or white. 2. C. gladiata. C. lineata (Thunb.) DC. Leaflets 4—10 em. long; bl ades fleshy-coriaceous, RE. to oval or obovate: ealyx eds pubescent; lower lobes obtuse: à pin rp pod 10—12 i, B E Fla. and Tex. and sandy shores of Lake yi ae Fla.— 3 Ce Ay. S. O. W.)—A1 year.—The ” stem and pip trail. 2. C. gladiata (Savi) DC. Leaflets 5—12 em. long; blades ovate, oval, or elliptie- ovate, chartaceous: calyx glabrous (?); lower lo bes acute: cor rolla white or purple 5 (HORSE “a Be and cult. grounds, a of (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)— En —fall L— The stem and branches ce 62. AESCHYNOMENE L. Annual erect or diffuse plants. Leaflets several or many. Racemes several-flowered. Calyx spathe-like, the lips re- spectively minutely 2-lobed and 3-lobed. Corolla dini or reddish: standard with a broad blade: wings and keel-petals with narrow cu es blades dase are auricled at the base. Ovary bent, sparingly mu ma ment several- dinde the sections oval or quadrate.—About 55 species, n. Fan n warm and tropical regions.—SENSITIVE JOINT-VETCHES. SHY-LEAVES. Standard-blade oval or ovate: pod with nearly quadrate sections. 1. 4. virginica. Standard- blade suborbicular: pod with hemispheric or oval sec- ions. M separated; blades entire; pod-sections about 6 mm. l 2. A. pratensis. Leafiets nearly contiguous ; blades ciliate-denticulate near the ex: pod-sections about 3 mm, wide. 3. A. americana. A. virginica (L.) B. S. P. Plant 2-15 dm. tall: leaflets mostly 25-55: blades linear to elliptic-linear, 3-12 mm. ee calyx-lips 3-3.5 mm. long: t blades of the keel-petals an g-pe row above the auricle: p ie straight-edged, the Ives not reticulate a Michx.]|—Swamps, river-banks, ditches, and aoe [4 ii Coastal Pe and > . A. pratensis Small Plant 9-20 dm. tall: leaflets mostly 15-25; blades narrowly ipti . long: 5 mm blade of the standard suborbicular, 10-13 mm. jer blades of the keel and wing-petals slightly narrowed abov the auricles: Dod sealloped-edged, the Mn oval, Maie dia ie ades, S pe &.— et —The lower part of the stem is usually thickly coated with spongy 798 FABACEAE 3. A. americana L. Plant up to 2 m. tall: leaflets mostly 21—61; udis vid linear, 9-9 mm. long, mueronate and ciliate-denticulate near the a apex: calyx- ong; 8 a in obovate above the auricle: pod Straight on one edge, scalloped on the other, the sections nearl half-orbicular, pubescent and often n warty on the faces.— Waste-places, road-sides, and ditches, M pen. Fla.—Spr—sum. 63. SECULA Small. Herbs with prostrate stems and branches. Leafiets the narrower blades and abruptly bent. Loment few-jointed, the sections half- orbicular.—About 10 species, most abundant in tropical America.-—Spr.—fall d mostly i Mn prominently reticulate beneath: loment viscid- Doe CEDE joints about 5 lon 1. S. viscidula, PA n SAn 11-28; „blades not reticulate: loment not viscid ; joints about 3 mm 2. S. Hystric. 1. S. viscidula (Miehx.) Small. Plant sticky- por the branches aes dm. lon 1g, w oe an a spreading hairs: leaflets 5—7, or rarely more t mm. long: ovary a y pubescent: loment-joints about 5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, T with EROR viscid hairs and long stiff hairs. [Aeschynomene viscidula S. Hystrix (Poir. Small Plant fine pubescen t, the branehes mostly less than 1 EU m and wi ewer long spreading ha f lets 17—25 arely fewer; blades narrowly elliptic to linear-elliptic, 3-5 mm. long, not reticulate, eae dd beneath with lax hairs: lateral lobes of the d ealyx-lip acute andard 4.5-5 mm. long: ovary sparingly de. loment-joints about 3n mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide, m with short crisped hairs.—Waste-places and road- ca. W Fla. Nat. of trop. Am 64. ARACHIS L. Perennial low herbs. Leaflets few: blades entire. Pores solitary in the lower leaf-axils. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip broad, 3-lobed at the the lower lip narrow and elongate. Corolla yellow or whitish: standard very broad, notched at the apex: wings with relatively ee and broad blades: d -petals much smaller than the wings, auricled. od sub terranean, turgid, constricted between the seeds.—Six or seven species, ve South American. 1. A. hypogaea L. Stem and branches decumbent: leaves rather numerous ; stipules e anc e acuminate; leaflets usually 4, the blades elliptie to FABACEAE | 729 obovate, 1.5-5 em. long, finely ipud flowers slender-pedicelled: calyx 9-11 m long: corolla yellow; standard 12-15 mm. long, the Es nu suborbieular; keel much aF uj td sh 8: pod ii ie a (Ps ANU PINDERS 2 anim mocks, com ly, in many tropic and tem- erate esit for its seeds—‘ ‘nuts’’— whieh a sed as ood and a sagan Although Du Mond escaped in most re- gions, in others, especially in enn p N. C., it is abundantly established. . 65. ZORNIA Gmel. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaflets 2 or 4. Spikes ee bracted. Flowers of one kind. Corolla yellow or variously colored : standard with a broad blade: blades of the wings broadened upward, auricled on one side: blades of the keel eus lunate, not auricled. . Loment with several iE joints.—About 12 species, all Amer 1. Z. bracteata (Walt.) Gmel Stem 1-7 dm. tall, strigillose: leaflets often 4; blades oval to elli ni or nearly linear: spi ikes few- flowered; bracts 7--11 m m. long, reticulate, auricled: oe e ciliate, the lower one about as long as the tube: corolla yellow; standard 9-12 mm. long: pod 1-2 cm. long, 3 : o —4-jointed. Z. tetraphylla Michx.]— Pi a and sandy roadsides, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—(Menz.) —Spr.-s 66. STYLOSANTHES Sw. Perennial tufted herbs. Leaflets 3; blades veiny. Flowers of two kinds, the one complete, but sterile, the other without standard witl perianth, but pi Corolla yellow or orange: ard with a very broad ade: blades of the wings and the keel-petals auricled, the latter incurved. Tonent turgid, ^ or c ed the lower joint empty, the upper one veiny, opening at the apex.—About 30 species, natives of warm and temperate regions. —PENCIL-FLOWERS. Flower accompanied by an appendage within the bract: standard scarcely clawed: ealyx of complete flower less m 3 mm. long: pod slender-beaked. Pod with soft, silky hairs mostly on the lower joint; upper JOE eurved into a hook. . S. hamata. Pod with stiff ame HO all over both joints; beak straight or curved at the a 2. S. calcicola. Flower not accompanied y an appendage within the bract: d decidedly Dart calyx of complete flower about 4 m g: pod stout-beaked. Blades of the ‘Ieafiets prevailingly narrow, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate or oblanceolate: calyx with middle lobe Ws lower lip lanceolate: terminal joint of pod with the beak lateral. 3. S. biflora. Blades of the leaflets prevailingly Ta. oval to. Drondiy ob- lanceolate or cuneate-obovate: calyx with middle lobe of lower lip ovate: terminal joint of pod with the beak nearly axial. 4. S. riparia. 730 FABACEAE S. hamata (L.) Taub. Stem stout, ascending or decumbent: blades of the leaflets elliptic to elliptic. obovate, 1-2 em. long or shorter, sparingly pubes- cent, acute: lobes of the calyx-lips i n the n so, hooked.—H Florida an and locally in the peninsula.— All yea S. calcicola Small. Stem slender, de- te: style in i incomple ower much shorter than the ovary: terminal Sont of the pod ellipsoid, with several eross-ribs, the beak much shorter than the body, eurved.— Pinelands, Everglade Keys, S Fla ——All yea 3.. S. biflora (L.) B. S. P. Stem and branches upright, p stiff, finely pM (more or less hispid in S. biflora hispidissima a): leaflets 0.9-3.5 m. long; lades dera ii A ue) elliptie varying to UA or oblance- S ne . . . LJ . Tai e 1 Dey sandy T often in wo oS 'arious provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., — Sum S. floridana Blake has o hispid inflorescence. 3 4. riparia n Stem and Tr decumbent, sometimes long and pliable finely pubescent: leaflets 1-1.8 em. long; blades ee oval to broadly oblanceolate or seer rey Rare pine joint of the pod slightly inequilateral, mostly 3—4 mm. Long, the beak nearly axial. cn soil, often on grassy banks, various provi , Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Pa.—Sum — For with iuis narrow leaflets, ee on the lower parts “Of the branches, occur in the range, 67. CHAPMANNIA T. & G. Perennial herbs. Leaflets 5-7. Flowers of two kinds, the one eet but not fruit-producing, the other imperfect and fruit-producing. Calyx 2-lipped; upper lip with 4 short lobes; lower lip with 1 longer lobe. Corolla yellow, fugaceous: standard : wings and keel-petals dissimilar in shape, neither ricled. Loment nearly terete, 1—4-jointed. —Onhne species. . C. floridana T. & G. Plant 2-11 dm. tall, hirsute, virgately branched: leaflets 0— T; blad d Dd oblanceolate, cuneate, n Ud ; 9-20 mm. long: calyx ida com E 7—1 mm. M uv Be 1-3 long, t longitudinally ps po AT nM ae pinelands, pen. Fla.—Spr.- FABACEAE 731 68. MEIBOMIA Heister. Herbs or shrubs, sometimes vines. Leaflets 3, or rarely 1 or 5. Racemes simple or compound. Calyx 2-lipped, sometimes obscurely so, ds mid lobe of ve lower lip often Sis or narrower and longer than the lateral ones. Corolla variously colored or white: standard with a broad blade: blades of the wings and the keel-petals b on one side, short-elawed. Loment few-several-jointed, usually with hooked hairs. [Desmodium (Fl SE. U. S.)]—4About 160 species, natives of [eme and i j um.-fall corollas of our species are purple or violet, or rarely white.— TICK-TREFOILS. STICK-TIGHTS. TICK-CLOVERS. — Species are grown for fodder. Loment ed into nearly separate rhomboidal, half-rhomboidal, or half-orbieu- lar joints. Boron. s aight a above, deeply constricted below, Mu e Peduncle arising from the base of the plant: pod lon stipitate. I. NUDIFLORAE. Peduncle terminati ing the stem: pod short-stipitate. II. GRANDIFLORAE. POTERE T both above and no but usually deeply below than abov Constrictions deeper below than abov and branches trailing or Cec aine III. ROTUNDIFOLIAE. Stem and branches erect or ascending. V. PANICULATAE. SCEICHOnE equally o on both edges of the loment. V. PURPUREAE. Loment not constricte ~ into separate joints, straight above, merely undulate belo VI. SUPINAE. I. Leaves approximate at the top of the cis pnm flowering l . stem (peduncle) leafless. 1. M. nudiflora. II. GRANDIFLORAE Leaves more or less clustered at the base of the peduncle: co- rolla purple. 2. M. acuminata. Leaves scattered, distant, along the stem: corolla white. 3. M. A II. o o ee Blades of the leaflets narrow, elliptic to linea 4. M. polymorpha. Blades of the leafiets broad, a oe to oti ets with suborbicular ad if narrower, the ra- emes axillary. Leaflets mostly less than 2.5 cm. long, leathery, the blades abr te. 5. M. arenicola. Leaflets ostly over 2.5 cm. long, the blades mem- a. DSen. 6. M. Michauzii. am^ ui a. or oval blades: racemes terminal as axillary. Corolla. Cine olored or ochroleucous: stipules ovate: acemes mostly simple. 7. M. ochroleuca. Corolla purple: stipules subulate: racemes mostly pan- culate. l 8. M. glabella. IV. PANICULATAE l Petioles wanting or very short. 9. M. sessilifolia. Petioles manifest. eaflets with narrowly linear blades Joints of the pod e a nearly straight or a depressed baek, somewhat triangular in outlin 10. M. stricta. Joints of the po with a rounded back, not triangular in outline. 11. M. tenuifolia. Leaflets with lanceolate to ovate or rhomboidal blades, not linear, except in No. 17. Joints of the loments manifestly longer than broad. Md Bubtending the flowers small and inconspicu- lades of the leaflets reticulate. 12. M. canescens. Bracts _subtending the flowers conspicuous, ostly dE . long: blades of the leaflets for re- | Tene pubescent : bracts ciliate and pubescent. 13. M. longifolia. Leaves glabrous: bracts not ciliate and otherwise glabrous. 14. M. grandifiora. Joints of the loments barely longer than broad. 192 FABACEAE O predominantly more than 3. nt long-stipitate. eaflet-blades glabrou us or sparingly pubescent eneath, but not velvety. Leaflet- blades green ur ea pus Loment-joints ro nded angled on e dorsal suture thus scalloped. pein blades thin, not reticulate, rous or ane ely pubescent iupra ox the leaflets-broad, of elliptie, ovate or lan- Ce dieto pe. Stem glabrous or nearly so: joints the lomen . M. paniculata. what angled on the dorsal. 16. af. pubens. Du or linear- lanceolate 17. M. Chapmanii. Leaflet.l blades thick, reticulate- veined ra dies stiffly pubescent beneath. 18. M. rhombifolia. Loment-joints straight on the back, e dorsal suture thus d even. 19. A. Dillenii. et-blades glaucous e 20. Af. laevigata blades velvety b . 21. AM pun Loment sessile or short-stipitate. 22; nadensi iomen cae predominantly fewer than 3. Leafiet-blades scabrous or pubescent and ciliate. Terminal leaflet usually twice as long as wide. 23. M.? os Terminal leaflet little longer in wide. 24. M. cilia Leaflet-blades smooth and glabro 25. M. ae DUE V. PunP E Tall light-green plant, with slender Spreading branches. 26. M. purpurea. | VI. SUPINAE Depressed, prostrate, or reclining dark-green plant. 21. M. cana. M. nudiflora (L.) a ze. Leaves clustered on the short decumbent or ascending x leaflets 28 em. 1008 i des oval or ovate: standard 8-10 ong: wings not iut = side: joints of the loment 3 wide. [ D. pea DC.]— Woodlands ide hill- sides, various provinces, Fla. to La., Kan Ont., and Me. - em mou -———— ag 2. M. minata (Michx.) Blake. ua unc E y end of the short erect leaflets 8—13 em. long, the rers s broadly ovate to orbicutar: ovate: sta ard 7—9 o ng: v side: foment scat 4.5-6 mm. wide. acuminatum untze.] — Woodlands and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex Minn., Que., and Me. ?3 3. M. paucifora ( Nutt.) Kuntze. ipie: pcena Or ene leaflets 3; blades ovate rhombic-ovate, 2.5—8 . lon rolla white: standard 4—5 mm. long; "o Pu ecc m very poss dive Ah ng; loment-joints 5-5.5 mm. wide. [D. P cR d Nutt.]—Rieh woods, various provinces, Fla. t Tex., Kans., Ont., FABACEAE 733 4. M. polymorpha (A. Gray) Small. Stem spreading: stipules subulate or with a lanceolate base: leaflets 1-3; blades linear is d ie, 1-3 em. long: lateral calyx-lobes cy p standard mostly o 4.5 ng: loment- joints half-rhombie wide. ([M. o Ia polymorpha Vail.]— Pinelands, Coastal an a d La. 5. M. arenicola Vail. Stem prostrate: pu pus lanceolate: leaflets 1—5; blades ovate- ipd to suborbicular, 1-2.5 e ong: a calyx-lobes ovate, cs or acutish pen uide less than 4. 5 mm. long: loment- um elliptic or oval, but inequilatera 2.5 wide. [D. linea ae (Miehx.) DC.]— Sandy soil, often in pine pea aa Plain and adj. Donum EA to La and Md. 6. M. Michauxii Vail. Stem prostrate: stipules ovate: leaflets 3; blades ees 3-6 em. long: res Nri -lobes lanceolate, longer than kd 1 lo tube, mi inate: standard 9-1 ong: loment-joints rounded on side half. rhombic on the other, abont $ 3 m wide. TD . rotundifolium (Mich: x. E c.]— DOLLAR-LEAF.)—Open woods a N. various provinces, Fla. " La., Minn., Ont., and Mass. 7. M. ochroleuca (M. A. Curtis) eee bun decumbent: leaflets 3; blades rhombic- oe renee green, 2-5 ong: lower calyx-lobes lanceo- late, longer than the tube, the middle one tightly the dioi standard 4-6 mm. long: keel-petals distinctly clawed: loment-joints oval to su dp c the sides glabrous.—Woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Mo. and J. S 8. M. glabella (Michx.) Kuntze. Stem procumbent: leaflets 2. e em. long; blades ovate or oval, bright-green: lower calyx-lobes lanceolate, longer than the tube, the middle one the largest: standard 7-9 mm. long: ke B -petals not aurieled, the blade extending to the base: loment-joints half-rhombic, the sides pubescent. [D. glabellum DC. D. hwmifusum DO.]—S8San AR soil, often in roeky plaees, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. to Mas - M. sessilifolia (Torr.) Kuntze. Stem erect: stipules linear: leaflets 2-5 . long; blades linear or linear-elliptie, dg pubescent ben ERA ouk a o lobes deltoid, the markedly longer lower one triangular-l standard 5-6 mm. long: wings dilated near the tip: loment- a Bees half-obovate, 3-3.5 mm. wide.—W oods, open COD and river shores, various provinces, Miss. to Tex., Kans., Mich., and Mas 10. M. stricta (Pursh) Kuntze. Stem erect: stipules setaceous: leaflets 2-5 cm. p blades linear, retieulate, glabrous: lateral ci d peres E much longer lower one linear-subulate: stan d 28: dilated at the apex: loment-joints obliquely oho QE [D. strictum DC.]—Woods and pinelands, Coastal Plain eg adi. pos ms Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. J. 11. M. tenuifolia (T. & G.) Kuntze. Stem lax: stipules subulate: Jeaflets 3-8 em. long; bl pé linear: lateral ealyx-lobes mostly shorter than the tube, the lower we not much longer: standard 3-4 mm. long, br rr obovate: - androecium 3—4 mm. long: loment-joints obliquely obo ovate, about 2 wide. i tenuifolium T. & G.]—Sandhills and pinclaside. Coastal Plain, “Fa. to 12. M. e (L.) Kuntze. Stem erect: stipules ovate: leaflets 3-10 em. long; blades ovate to ovate-rhomboid: lateral ealyx-lobes lanceolate, longer than the tube, arate. the lower lobe longer and slender-tipped: standard 9-12 734 FABACEAE . long, narrowly obovate: androecium 9-11 mm. long: loment-joints half- fence 4.5-5.5 mm. wide. [D. canescens DC.]—Fenee rows, ou and edges of woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Mas 13. M. longifolia (T. & G.) Vail. Stem erect: stipules ov pa lanceolate: leaf- lets 5-11 em. long; blades lanceolate, lanceolate-ovate, or rate, acuminate: t ower lob i a uch longer: co rol standard elliptic-obovate, 7-9 mm. long: loment-joints inequilaterally rhombie, the one side very prominent.—Low woods, and stream- banks, various provinees, Ala. to La. and Ill. 14. M. grandiflora (Walt.) Stem erect: stipules lanceolate: leaflets 5-15 cm. long; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate or long-acuminate: lateral ealyx-lobes ncaa the lower lobe slightly longer: standard broadly mew hom ore prominent e the other. [D. IU Hook. M. bracteosa (L.) Kuntze Ee hills, thickets, and clearings, various provinces, Pla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Me. M. paniculata (L.) Kuntze. Stem glabrous or nearly so: stipules subu- 1 late: leaflets 3-9 cm. long; blades mainly elliptic to lanceolate, obtuse or acutish: lateral calyx-lobes triangular, sometimes deltoi , acute, the lower a andard e lobe decidedly longer and attenuate: standard cuneate or cuneate-obovate, l-petals about ong as the standard: loment-joints de, the ventral side prominently rounded, the sal side curved [ D. ne porri soil, often in woods, various provinces, Fla. to 16. M. " & G.) Young. Stem puberulent or finely pubescen stipules iuter EM 2—7 em. long; blades mainly ovate-elliptie to elliptic. n age mostly twice or thrice as long as wide: lateral ealyx-lobes triangu- la t stan der onger th loment-joints 3-4 mm. wide, entral side rather prominently angled, the dorsal side angled. [D. pone pubens T. & — Woods pe LM -banks, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and A 17 hap ae Dm Small. E dd Or dE d glabrous: stipules ue. 3—11 em. long; blades r linear-lanceolate, se bis a eina ps vide: lateral E lobes deltoid o or Bu PM id, the lower lobe mueh lon pu standard oe 4-6 mm. long: keel-petals longer den the ee nda rd: loment-joints 4-5 mm. wide, the dors al side prominently es oe the ventral nie rou REI [ D. panioviatum A us T. & G. M. paniculata Chapmanii Britton ]—W oods low grounds, Coastal Plain and nn ue adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., nd and Va. 18. M. rhombifolia o Vail. Stem pubescent: stipules subulate: leaflets 5-9 em. long; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, pubescent beneath: lateral calyx-lobes lanceolate, "M lower lobe scarcely longer: standard Vade mm. long: keel-petals mostly shorter than the pe loment-joints 3.5—4 mm. wide, the ventral side abruptly rounded. [D. floridanum Chapm. each ads: and open woods, Coastal Plain and adj. Nod. Fla. to La. and Va. 19. M. Dillenii E ERA | Stem’ glabrous or sparingly pubescent: stipules subulate: leaflets 4—10 e ong; blades elliptic or elliptic-ovate, p^ scabrous: lateral calyx- lobes Re the lower lobe longer but ae - wide: corolla bright-purple; standard narrowly obovate, 5-6 mm. long: 1 E joints obliquely rhombic, much longer ag wide. = us 2 L1 Thick. ets and woods, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Minn. FABACEAE 735 20. M. reat (Nutt.) Kuntze. Stem often glaucous: stipules subulate: leaflets 4—11 cm. long; blades ov od to ovate-elliptie, glabrous and glau beneath: pes calyx- -lobes lanceolate, the lower d decidedly longer: stand- es 8-9 mm. long: keel-petals mo us ‘lo onger than standard: loment-joints 2.5-3 mm. wide , the ventral side gradually rounde i * [D. laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. ]—Pinelands and dry woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. J. 21. BÉ a, r Ku uA ear downy: stipules Hi leaflets 4—9 e ong; blades elliptie to or ovate-oblong, densely pubescent be- Ber ert calyx- “lobes deltoid, pe than the tube, the dum lobe lanceo- late, lon ngor and narrower; corolla pale- purple, turning green; standard broadly lo obovate , 6-9 mm. long: loment-joints about as wide as long, obliquely obovate. D. viridiflorum Beck.]—Dry woods, vido provinees, Fla. Tex., Mo., Mich., and N. Y. 22. M. canadensis (L.) Kuntze. Stem pubescent: stipules lanceolate-linear : leafiets 4—10 cm. long; Ae elliptie or elliptie-lanceolate, pubescent beneath: upper calyx-lip Uu ne ched; Bn ealyx-lobes subulate-lanceolate, longer than the tube, the lower one sca cely lon vl : Ended narrowly obovate, 8—10 mm. nee loment- -joints obliquely obovate. [D. canadense (L.) DC.]— (Bu USH TICK- dr )—Hi anks, woods, enous provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, N. o Okla., Kans., Ont., eu N. B. 23. M. rigida (Ell) Kuntze. Stem minutely pubescent: leaflets 2.5-8 cm long; blades ovate- en or elliptic, pubescent and reticulate pared lateral ealyx-lobes deltoid, , the lower ‘lobe triangular: standard 4-5 mm. long: stipe of the lom ent MR less than lo as long as the joints. [D. rigidum DC. ] —Dry thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Mich., and Mas 24. a Bic (Muhl) Blake. Stem hirsute or minutely pubescent: leaflets 1-2.5 long; blades orbieular-ovate or oval, sparingly ae ee puru prey pe iem -lobes deltoid, acute, the lower lobe lanceolate: standard 4— long: stipe of the loment % a s long as the joint.—Dry soil, pm on hillsides, and sandy fields, various pines Fla. to Te x, Nebr., "Mi ch., and Ont (Men, 25. M. marylandica (L.) Kuntze. pud glabrous or rarely with bul hairs: stipules subulate: leaflets 1-2.5 long; blades ovate or sometimes duin E -or Me iptic, glabrous or ee SO: Poi calyx- lobes ovate, obtuse, the lower lobe scarcely longer: standard 3.5 m. long: loment- PES oblique “ED. marylandicum Boott M. obtusa "uhi Vail]—NWoods, thiekets, and hillsides, various provinees, Fla. to La., Mo., Mich., and M 26. M. purpurea (Mill) Vail Stem pubescent, 1-3.5 m. tall: stipules ovate: leaflets 2-11 em. long; blades ovate, ovate- -elliptic, or elliptic, pubescent, and n reticulate beneath: lateral calyx x-lobes linear-lanceolate: standar lo ong, o at the base: keel- o obliquely pointed: loment- -joints r 2.5 mm. wide. [D. tortuosum (Sw.) DC.]—(FLORIDA-BEG-- GARWEED. .)— Rondsides fields, and hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.— (W. I., , C. A. 8. A., O. W.) 27. M. cana (Gmel) Blake. Shrub with glabrous or nearly glabrous MS stipules lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate: leaflets about 2 em. long; blades val or elliptie: lateral PS obes lanceolate: standard 5—6 mm. long, trunea E Or wei jd ey ve the short claw: oe 5-6 mm. long: loment-joints de, much longer. [D. incanum VW M. supina (Sw.) Britton] a ons S "Fla.— —(W. I., “Me ex., C. A. S. 0. W.) 736 FABACEAE 69. SAGOTIA Dueh. & Walp. Perennial diffuse or prostrate herbs. Leaflets 3. prae much reduced, of 2—4 flowers in a cluster, axillary to or opposite a leaf, or flower solitary. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper — partly united. Corolla blue, purple, white: standard ee a broad long- amt blade: blades of wing- yam angled at the base. Loment Pads ——Three species, natives of the Old World, the following perhaps also native in the 1. S. triflora (L.). Duch. & Walp. Ste tem pro- cumbent or TE o nt, the branches more or less elongate, but closely creeping: m ar m. long, purplish-pink, e a o. narrowed into a long claw: androecium 3—4 mm. long: loment-joints 2-2.5 wide, scarcely longer. [Desmodium triflo rum DO. M eibomia pin Kuntze]- -Pinelands, roadsides, and cult. Eben pen. pem W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Resembles Lespedeza striata in | habit Used as lawn- -eover. 70. ALYSICARPUS Neck. Herbs. Leaflet 1. Racemes terminal, few- flowered. Calyx narrow, 2-lipped; lobes narrow, the 2 of the upper lip more united and shorter than the 3 of the lower lip. Corolla purple or blue: stand- ard with a broad blade longer than the claw: blades of the keel- and wing- petals with a rounded shoulder at the base, that of the keel the less promi- nent, rather long-clawed. Ovary slender. Loment, several-jointed, with or without eonstrietions.—A bout 16 species, natives of the Old World tropies.— Sum.-fall or all year Calyx-lobes ue those of the upper lip united about half-way: du with sd i os sutur A. vaginalis. Calyx-lobes acumi fiat those of the upper lip anes to near the ips: loment deeply constricted between the joints 2. A.rugosus. 1. A. vaginalis (L.) DC. Stem s branched at the base, the slender a more or less diffuse, up to 1 ong: blades of the leaflets of various shapes, nt, D "uu pel em. long, ead pois e alyx 4.5—5. long; low = bes apne lanceolate, "finely striate, pt inate rolla purple; ds reds broadly mutis obovate .0—06. pu loment 1.5-2.5 em. long . linear, ue r the joints truncate, : reticu- a Eid "our than wide.—(FALSE- WORT.)—Low pinelands and waste- pees pen. Fla.—(W. I., e A. rugosus (Willd.) ps Stem more or diffusely branched, lados of the jd elliptie 1 to lanceolate or niu N 2-7 em. long, reticulate: calyx 6-7 mm. long; lower pod lanceolate, FABACEAE | 737 nae gig! a narrowly ages corolla purplish; standard obovate- cuneate, 5-6 m ong: loment 1-2 cm. long, constricted at the node es, the ns pos tu Ae Suborbic ub coarsely bis a wrinkled.—W aste-places and roadsides, S pen. Fla. Nat. ‘of trop. regio 71. LESPEDEZA Michx. Herbs or shrubs. Leaflets 3 or rarely 1. Flowers perfect, but sometimes partially apetalous. Calyx 2-lipped, the 2 ] ited. Corolla upper lobes more or less united. pink, purple, yellow, or white: standard with a broad blade: blades of the wings and the keel-petals auricled on one side, long-clawed. Loment with 1 or 2 joints. About 40 species, USH- natives of eastern North ‘America, Asia, and Australia.—Sum.-fall.— OVERS. Plant annual: stipules ovate: calyx-lobes about as wide as long. I. STRIATAE, Plant perennial: stipules subulate, calyx-lobes much longer than wide. Flowers of 2 ae petaliferous and apetalous : calyx-lobes shorter than pod: corolla purple or purplish. II. VIOLACEAE. Flowers all ae petali ferous : oe whitish or yellowish (or purple or white in L. bico Panicles open: ealyx-lobes much CHO HERE than the pod. III. BICOLORES. Panicles e sr usually capitate: calyx-lobes fully as ong a e pod. 7. CAPITATAE. I. STRIATAE Low diffuse slender plant: leaflets mostly ee than 2.5 cm. long. 1. L. striata. II. VIOLACEAE Flower-elusters slender-peduncled, mostly surpassing the eaves, pe flowers in spike-like or head-like clusters. S 2 a at the base: branches trailing or pro- Foliage E R or pubescent with appressed hairs. Pod 3-4 mm. long: stem pubescent. 2, L.repens. Pod 5-6 mm. long: stem essentially glabrous, at least below. 3. L. Foliage downy or woolly. 4, L.pr rocumbens. Stem upright. 5. L. ae iuda Petaliferous flowers in loose or close Dt 6. L.v Flower- undis of both kinds sessile or nearly Le with suborbicular, oval or elliptic ‘blades. — mm, long; lobes as long as the pod or lon 7. L. simulata. Calyx” 2- ‘3 mm. lo ong; lobes much shorter than the pod. Foliage glabrate, or pubescent with appressed hairs. 8. L. Nits hac Foliage down 9. L. Stuv Leafiets with linear or elliptic-linear blades. oliage downy 10. L. neglecta. Foliage finely Y appressed pubescent or glabrate. 11. L. virginica. III OLO Tall perennial plant, with slender branches, dues p cent leaflets, and lax panicles or purple or white flower 12. L. bicolor. IV. CAPI Leaflets with suborbicular, oval, ovate, or Sige blades. Peduncles longer than the leaves : ‘spike cylindric. 13. L. hirta. eduncles Eee than t : Spike "USE IODOSe: 14. L. capitata. Leaflets with linear to linear-elliptic * blades Bracts and Gin -lobes conspicuously ‘long-tipped : calyx about 8 mm. long. 15. L. longifolia. Bracts and calyx-lobes not conspicuously long-tipped : calyx about long. 16. L. angustifolia. 1. L. striata (Thunb.) H. & A. Plant erect or diffuse, 1-4 dm. tall: leaflets 8-25 mm. long; blades elliptic to elliptic-obovate: calyx 2-2.5 mm. long; 47 738 FABACEAE lobes ovate: standard purple or pinkish odie striped with white: keel-petals 5- 7 lon ong: pod somewhat longer than the ae — (J APANESE-CLOVER.) — Roadsides, fields, and woods, various provinces, Fla. - Tex. Mo., and N. J.—Nat. of Asia.— reque ntly ove rruns pastures, fields, and roadsides, especially in poor soil, where it is gra zed by horses and cattle. 2. L. repens (L. 2 Bart. Plant deti leaflets 6-15 long: blades oval . long; ic e longer than the tube, subulate, acuminate: eorolla white and pink; iis -petals 6-7 mm long: pod 3.5-4.5 mm. long.—Dry plac and roadsides, various RE M Fla. to. Tex., Minn., and Conn. - x texana Britton. Plant similar to L. repens in habit: A od. 10—26 long; blades elliptie to elliptie- bor calyx 2-2.5 mm. lon ng; lower lobes shorter than the tube, lanceolate to deltoid, acute: keel- petals 5 -6 mm long: pod s pee times longer than the calyx. —Dry soil and prairies, Coastal Plain, Miss. 4. L. procumbens Mic Plant me dr 10-25 mm. long; blades oval or elliptie, o or e E obovate x 4—5.5 mm. long; lobes Mind about twice as long as the tube: ma E 4.5-5.5 mm. long, or sometimes lon nger: style mostly glabrous: pod 4-5 mm. long. —Dry banks and facade various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. H. L. Nuttallii nu Plant 5—10 dm. tall, often copiously p leaflets 8- 20 mm. long; blades obovate, oval, or suborbicular : alyx . long; in linear-lanceolate, somewhat longer than the tube: iei pectus pubes- pod 6-8 mm. ong. —Thickets and woods, various provinces, Fla. to Kans, Mich., and N. H. 6. L. violacea X Pers. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, diffuse, fred e leaflets 9-20 mm. long; blades elliptie or ova al: eal ong: pod short-beaked, 5-6 mm. long, with short ees coe us banks tly and thicket- dc various provinces, “Fla. to La., Kans., Minn., and N. H. 7. L. simulata Mackenzie & Bush. Plant 6-9 dm. tall, pubescent: aor 12-20 mm. long; blades elliptic to linear-elliptic, silvery-pubescen 9.95—6.5 mm. long; lobes of the upper p e to below the middle: n 2:3 6.5-7.5 mm. long; blade elliptic: pod 4.5-5.5 mm. long.—Stony soil, often in woods or on plains, various provinces, Tox to Mo., Conn., and Pa. L. frutescens (L.) Britton. Plant 3-10 dm. tall, appressed pubescent or glabrate: leaflets 10-35 mm. long; blades oval or elliptie, je Ed t 5 mm. lon od o beneath: calyx 3-4 mm. long: standard abou ng: po l or oval-. . lon — 6-7 mm. long.—Dry soil, often in Bed. od various oc Fla. o Tex., Minn., Ont., and Me. 9. L. Stuvei Nutt. Plant 6—12 dm. tall, es or downy: leaflets 9-20 m calyx 2-3 mm. long; lobes subulate, those of the upper lip m to b vues the e: standard 5-6 mm. long; blade M en A pod beaked, 4—6 middl Tem dud pubescent —Rocky shores and woods, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Ark., Mich., and Vt. FABACEAE 139 10. L. neglecta (Britton) Mackenzie & Bush. Plant similar to L. E in habit and pubescence, but smaller: blades of the leaflets inen to line elliptic: calyx 2.5-3 m m, long; e lanceolate, those of the upper lip united mostly to above the middle : pod oval, 6—7 mm. long, short-beaked.—Dry s Coastal Plain and d. adj. provinces, Ga. to Tex., Mo., and N. x 11. L. virginica (L.) Britton. Plant 3-11 dm. tall, appressed-pubescent: leaflets 12-35 mm. long; blades linear to linear- elliptic, sometimes finely 5- pubescent beneath: calyx 3—4.5 mm. long: pod elliptic to ovate, 5-6 m . long, oe pubeseent.—Dry woods and barrens, various provinces, Fla. "m Tex., , Ont., and N. H. 12. L. bicolor pole Plant up to 3 m. tall, finely appressed-pubescent: leaf- lets 11-65 mm. long; blades obovate, oval, elliptie, or ovate, pubescent beneath, espeeially on or nr WE midrib: ealyx 5—6 mm. long: pod elliptie to oval, narrowed at both 7-8 mm. long, oo and strigillose. — Roadsides, waste-places, and ood Fla. to N. C. Nat an. 13. L. hirta (L.) El. Plant 5-12 oe tall, the hee villous: leaflets eee mm. r: calyx long; blades oval to suborbicular 6- e . long; lobes 3-4 t as long as the tube: style glabrous: pod 7-8 m zd ng.—Dry woods, Sd ade and fields, various 3 provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Me. 14. L. capitata Michx. Plant 5-16 dm. tall, the stem usually velutinous with short spreading hairs: leaflets 25-35 mm. long; pmi o to oval, ser iceous, specially beneath: calyx about 9 mm. long: corolla 7-8 mm. long, yellowish- white: style pubescent: pod elliptic, 5-5.5 mm. a DUSTY. CLOVER. )—Dry, often sandy soil in woods, various provinces, Fla. to d Nebr., Minn., and 15. L. ep nien. DC. Plant 5-12 dm. tall, the stem densely velutinous; leaflets bl 25—60 mm. long; blades ae to linear- -elliptic, aga en sericeous, es pecially beneath: calyx about 8 mm. long: corolla 8-9 mm. long, w White: pod ae about 6 m ong. Bi ami and fields, various e nee Ala. to La., Ia. and Ky. 16. L. yd rie (Pursh) Ell. Plant 6—10 dm. tall, e n closely fine- e hai . long; blades lin n those A the upper, id iai dr Seeks about 6 mm. long: corolla . long, whitish or cream-color: pod oval to suborbicular, about 4 mm. long Dry soil, open aed. and pi ec various provinces, Fla. to La., Mich., and Mas "72. VICIA [ Tourn.] L. Trailing or pen herbs. Leaflets few or many: blades entire, or toothed at the apex. Racemes few—many-flowered, usually l-sided. Calyx more or less 2-lipped: "dones of the lower lip usually longer than those of the upper. Corolla variously colored or white: blades of the wings more prominently aed than those of the keel-petals. Filaments usually a to near the tips. Style with a tuft of hairs at the apex, or pubes- cent on the side opposite the keel. Pod sonar flat. aod 130 species, of wide geographieal un s —BSpr.-s or all year S. TARES PEA-VINES.—Some species are grown as i dodder when others p their edible seeds—‘‘beans.’? Some species are used as ornaments —The corollas of our species are mostly purple. or pale-lavender. 740 FABACEAE EET n -developed, sometimes exceeding the leaves. Plant annual: standard 2-5 mm. lon I. HIRSUTAE. la 2 Berenn dle standard 5-12 mm. Jong. aceme densely very many-flow II. CRACCAE. Raceme loosely fis im "dein or 1- flowered. III. MICRANTHAE, Peduncle wanting or very short IV. SATIVAE I. U Leaflets 12-18: pod pubescent: seeds 2: corolla whitish. 1. V. hirs Leaflets 8-12: pod glabrous: seeds 3-8: corolla bluish. 2. V. tae ma. II, CRACCAE Very diffuse plant: corolla deep-blue or purple. 3. V. Cracca. ; III. MICRANTHAE Racemes $—18-flowere Leaflets with blades of an eee type. 4. V. caroliniana. Leafle with blades of a linea UTE 50-6 mm. long: calyx 1.5 mm. long: pod less tian 2.5 cm. long. 5. V. Hugeri. eae Uns mm. long: calyx 2 mm. long: pod over 2.5 lon 6. V. acutifolia. Racemes I- 6-flox red. Peduncles a than the leaflets. Leaflets 4 T. V. loridana. Leaflets 6-12. Leaflets about 5 times as long as broad. 8. V. texana. Leaflets less than 3 times BS long as broad. 9. .V. ludoviciana. Peduncles shorter than the leaflet 10. V. micrantha. IV. Sat Corolla mostly over 1.5 cm. long: leaflets " pu upper leaves inclined to be elliptic. 1. V. sativa. Corolla mostly less than 1. E cm. long: leaflets of the upper Jeaves inclined to be lin 12. V. angustifolia. 1. V. hirsuta (L.) Koch. Leaflets 12-18; blades linear to elliptie, 6—15 mm long, e or notched: calyx- Obes su ubulate, ciliate, longer than the Dies and keel 2-3 Me dosi Ra pod 6-8 mm. loue (fae. VETCH. TARE. )—-Waste- sig roadsides, and fields, various provin Ga. to Ohio and N. B. Nat. of Eu. 2. V. tetrasperma (L.) Moench. Leaflet 8-12; s linear to Jinear -elliptic, 8-20 mm. long, acute or mucronate: calyx-lobes lanceolate, tcd EORR ‘than the tube, not ciliate: sta ies d and keel 4-5 mm. long: vary glabrous: pod 9-12 mm. long.— Canons n —Waste-places, fields, and oadsides, Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, N. C. to Ont. and N. S. Nat. f Eu. V. s cca ee Leaflets 18-24; bu linear to elliptic-linear, 9-20 m bes long, acute cronate: calyx 5-6 m long; upper lo deltoid; iue lobes xc olds. “abont as lnc. as the iube: rolla pc or De standard a ALD mm. long: keel 8-8.5 mm. lon od 2-2.5 e CANADA-P VETCH.)—Fields and ie NA e Ridge pe more northern vous ^N. C. to B. C., S Ont., and Newf. Nat. of Eu. 4. V. caroliniana Walt. Eo mat blades elliptic to ~ -elliptie, 1-2 em. lon E nuce cal lon ng; lobes triangular: corolla white, except the ae 2 uud sfandard 9-10 mm. long: keel 5-6 mm. long: pod 2.5-8 c —(W HOESTRING.)—Woods and thickets, various arene Ga. 1 m ‘Kan, "inn "ont. and W N. Y. FABACEAE 741 5. V. Hugeri Small. Leaflets usually 10-12; blades linear, 2-3.5 cm. long, mueronulate: calyx-lobes T E the lower narrower than the ln ones, but not longer: standard 5-6 . long: keel about 4 mm. long: pod about 2 em. lo me ee Goan woods, Piedmont, Ga. and Ala. 6. V. acutifolia Ell. Leaflets 2-6, usually 4; ree gees to linear-elliptic, r cronate: calyx- e es triangular, the lower one longer rer = rds ones: standard 7-8 mm. long: keel about 6 mm. long: pod 2 long.— (SAND-VETCH. arr decus hammocks, undi and ditches, pode Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Ga. T. V. pig noe S. Wats. Leaflets 4-6; blades elliptic to oe d 0-1. ong, mueronulate: calyx x-lo es triangular, the low and UON longer prn the deltoid lateral ones but mueh shorter pud the c d aio ernie e 5-6 mm one. ovary glabrous: pod about m. long.—Sandy soil, Fla 8. V. texana (T. & G.) Small. Leaflets 6-10; blades linear, mucronulate: ealyx-lobes filiform- 2 the lower one as lo ong a s the tube, all Pa ciliate; standard 5-6 mm. long; keel about 4 mm. md p -2. ong.— Dry prairies and plains, CUI Plain, Miss. to Tex. and Ark 9. V.ludoviciana Mer Leaflets 6-12: blades elliptic to oval, sometimes varying to ae above or below the middle, or rarely ja “elliptic, 7—23 long: calyx lus the lower one shorter than the tube: standard 6-7 mm. long; keel 4-5 mm. long: pod 2.5-3 em. jecur pe )—Low grassy places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Mo. 10. V. micrantha Nutt. pei: of the lower leaves with obovate or oval blades, 5-12 mm. long, those of the upper leaves narrowly elliptie to linear, 9-3 ^ 2 calyx -lobes triangular, much sho 2 than the tube: standard om about 4 m ong: pod abou em. long.—Thickets and shaded ne ud Plain and ers adj. E. Ala. to Tex., Mo., and Tenn. 11. M sativa L. Leaflets de blades linear, linear eM or elliptic, 1-4 e mt ea pe a 12 m m, Jong: corolla pu a r deep-pink: standard and wings mostly o 15 m : pod 4-8 e ee COMMON-VETCH.) — Waste-places, folds, and roadsides, various Deo. Ga. and Ala. to Minn. and Me. Nat. of Eur 12. V. angustifolia Roth. ees 8-16; blades linear varying to o or oblanceolate, 1- "E em. long: calyx 7-9 mm. long: standard and wings mostly less than ong. "Was e-places and fields, various provinces, Fla. to N. S.; also cus in the interior. Nat. of Eu. 73. LATHYRUS L. Plants similar to Vicia in habit, but usually larger: filaments usually less united: style pubescent on the side opposite the stand- 1 u 0 1 Gs Some species are cultivated for their edible frat oen 5s p mte Sweet-peas are cultivated varieties of L. orn Plant annual: stem winged: leaflets 2: keel-petals less than 1 cm. lon Standard-blade elliptic or obovate: calyx-lobes twice as long as che tube: pod gla 1. L. pusillus. standard- blade Ba pat a calyx- ORES as long as the tube r sli nger: pod pubescent 2. L. hirsutus. Plant a. piro ridged oF angled : leaflets 4 or more: keel-petals over 1 em. 142 FABACEAE Hacemes several- ove 20) flowered: leaflets mostly 8-12 blades ovate to al. 3. Ta. venosus. Racemes few- (9-6) a leaflets mostly 4-6; blades elliptic or nearly s 4. L.myrtifolius. 1. L. pusillus Ell Ste m 2-winged, glabrous: leaflets 1-5 long; blade narrowly linear to linear- -elliptie or sometimes elliptic: de mostly shorter than the leaves, often 1-flowered: calyx 5-7 g; lo mm bes subulate-lanceolate, iene ate: sta 9-10 mm. long , gla- brous: pod narrowly linear, 1.5-4 banks, woods, d prairies, —Str - 0 Coastal Plain and more northern provinees, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and N. C. 2. L. hirsutus L. Similar to L. pusillus in habit, but leaves uu. pede peduneles mostly longer than the leaves, often ee flowered: calyx 5-7 mm. long; lobes ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rather a acumi- nate: standard 8-10 mm. lon pubescent: pod broadly linear, 3-4 em. — Was ons ces, fields, and a Miss. Nat. of Eu. 3. L. venosus Muhl. Stem angled, pubescent: leaflets 3-6 cm. long; blades ovate or oval: calyx 9-10 mm. long, pubescent; longer lobes lanceolate, cilio- late, geo! longer than the erect shorter lobes: standard cuneate- obovate, 14-1 g: pod 3.5-4.5 long.—(BusH-vETCH.)—Woods and river- banks, various provinces, B p Plain, Ga. to La., Ont. Sask., and N. J. ifolius Muhl. a ridged, M. ; leaflets 2.5 ong; blades elliptic or m so: calyx 7.5-8.5 mm. long, ep: ous; ues pu lanceolate, eciliate, much lo see DK the spreading ird lobes: standard broadly cuneate- spatulate, 13-16 mm. long: pod 4 long.—Swamps, dry rocky woods, and s eam- banks, various provinees on gone Plain only N, N Tenn., Man. Que. US L. Vines with Pari woody stems and branches. Leaflets numerous, relatively small: bla rather narrow. aniele narrow, raceme- like. c with 5 rounded lobes ones white or pink: standard spreading; blade rounded or onp enoa auricled the o wings auricled at the base of e blade: keel-petals longer than the wings, noi auricled. Pod flat, relatively small, short and broad.—Five species, natives of tropical regions. 1. A. Abrus (L.) W. F. Wight. Stem slenderly sone Leaflets light-green, nu- merous; blades elliptic to elliptic-cuneate, 9-15 mm. long, obtuse or mucronulate: pan- d ae mostly 2-5 em. long: calyx about 3 lon ng, t ou or e Spr pink: standard 13-15 pos s ; blade hs or orbicular-oval: keel-pet longer than the wings: pods selustered oe ap d 2.5-3.5 em. long, slender- eae “closely Me e seed oval, 6-7 mm. long, scarlet except the black FABACEAE 748 base.—(CRAB'S-EYE. INDIAN-LICORICE. LICORICE-VINE. ROSARY-PEA. gos VINE ae thickets and roadsides, pen. Fla. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I., Mex C. A., S. A.) —The bright- RA seeds, designed, E to attract n are used as beads in various countri ORDER GERANIALES Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple or compound. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious, mostly regular. Calyx of distinct sepals. Corolla of distinct or nearly distinct petals, or rarely wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals or twice as many, or rarely more. Gynoecium of 2 or several united carpels. Ovary superior. Fruit various. Plant without secreting glands or cells in their tissues. e seen partially united. S adnate around a column from which they break at maturity. Fam. 1. GERANIACEAE. Styles not united around a central column. ur dee: b Ad t S twice as many as eee cepa Fam. 2. OXALIDACEAE. Stan Ene as many as the sepal Fam. 3. LINACEAE. ere _appendaged, each bearing ae or two lands the bac Genera in Fam. 8. MALPIGHIACEAE. Filaments pe : alyx irregular, one sepal spurred or saccate. "A : nthers distinct: carpels 1-ovuled. Fam. 4. TROPAEOLACEAE. Anthers united over the top of the gynoe- eium : carpels several-ovuled. Fam. 5. BALSAMINACEAE. C. regular, none of the sepals spurred or Style i arising from between the nearly distinct carpel- bodies Fam. 6. LIMNANTHACEAE. PEE o basal, the carpel-bodie s well-united. , shrubs or trees with conspicuously or altern ate mostly compound eaves, the leaves re id : gan withous glands anther with inconspicuous connectives ; : filaments usually wi a cale at the base: gyno Suena mostly 4-12- carpellary, and with united styles and 2-several ovules, or rarely a single ovule in each carpel: embryo straight or nearly so. Fam. 7. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Shrubs, trees ly vines with incon- spicuously jointed stems and opposite imple leaves: calyx commonly with a glan r of glands on the back each sepal; anthers mostly with conspicuous connectives ; filaments with- out sca as noecium styles and a single ovule in each car- pel: embryo usually abruptly bent or coiled. Fam. 8. MALPIGHIACEAE. Plants with E glands or cells which are often in the leaves, or only in the bark. Filaments distinct nearly or w to the base. eaves tiat 2 oil gla Fam. 9. RUTACEAE. Leaves not punct Gynoecium of. distinct carpels. am. 10. SURIANACEAE. Gynoecium of more or less united carpels. B Made shrubs or trees with oil-sacs am. 11. SIMARUBACEAE. Re SIRO. shrubs or trees. Fam. 12. BURSERACEAE. Filaments united into a cup or tube, wholly or in part. Fam. 13. MELIACEAE. 144 GERANIACEAE Famity d. GERANIACEBAEBE-—GrnANIiUM FAMILY Herbs, or somewhat woody plants. Leaves typieally opposite: blades toothed, lobed, or divided. Flowers perfect, regular or nearly so, eymose. Calyx of 5 persistent sepals. Corolla of 5 deciduous petals. Receptacle with 5 glands. Androecium of 10, or rarely of 5, stamens. Gynoecium of o carpels whose styles are adnate to an elongate column from which they separate at maturity, each carpe] 2-ovuled but with only 1 seed at maturity. —T welve genera and 470 species, ratives of temperate regions. Carpel-bodies turgid: carpel-tails (styles) glabrous within and merely recoiling at maturity: anthers usually 10. 1. GERANIUM. Carpel- bodies spindle-shaped : carpel-tails i eal pubescent within and spirally coiled at maturity: anther 2. ERODIUM. ANIUM [Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf- the base.—About 190 species, widely distributed in temperate regions.— CRANFSBILLS. WILD-GERANIUMS. Plant perennial, with a stout caudex and tough fibrous roots: corolla showy. I. MACULATA. Plant annual or biennial, with a slender tap root; corolla incon- Spicuous. II. PUSILLA. I. ULATA Stem erect, from the axils of several basal long-petioled leaves: corolla over 2 cm. wide. 1. G. maculatum. II. PUuSILLA Sepals without subulate de seed smooth. Carpel-body wrinkled: stamens ; 2. G. molle. pel-body strigillose: m amens D. 8. G. pusillum. Sepals with subulate tips : seed reticulate or pitted. d: mature sepal-bodies less than 5 m lon Pa 4. G. dissectum. i Í lon Pedicels hirsute: cal partly plang le a carpel-body hirsu 5. G. carolinianum. Pedicels strigillose- “calyx glandless: carpel-body gla- rly so 6. G. columbinum. 1. G. maculatum L. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, — -pubescent: leaf-blades 5-12 em. wide, the lobes cuneate: sepals 8— - m. long, elliptie to elliptic-lanceo- : petals m — Rich ds, banks, and fields, various provinees, on Coa stal "Plain only ET Ga. to Kans., Man, and Newf.—Spr.- 2. G. molle L. Stem and branches weakl leaf-blades 2-6 . wide, no y eut pedicles pubescent with both short and long hair epals orbieular-ovate: petals ro earpel-body ab mm g, transverse rin (DovE’s-Foot.) — Fields, road- sides, and 1 S, various provinces to d ao and Me.; also Wash. to B. C. Nat. of E — Spr. 3. G. pusillum Burm. f. Stem and branches diffuse, glandular-villous: blades 1.5-5 em. wide, rather coarsely cut: pedicels pubescent with very ua GERANIACEAE 745 derer i sepals ovate or elliptic-ovate: dos Pu carpel-body about 2 mm. long, strigillose.—Waste-places, cult. grounds, an ddr various provinces, 5 N. C. to Ark., Utah, B. C., and Ont. Nat. of Eu Mun all. 4. G. dissectum L. Stem and branches o dap pubescent: leaf- blades 2—4 em. wide, with narrow spreading segments: sepal-bodies slender- tipped: pus purple: earpel-body less than 3 mm. long, finely-pu a seed about 2 mm. long.—Waste-places and cult. grounds, various provinces, S. C. N nearly gode um U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fall. 5. G. Se pret L. Stem erect, 2-5 dm. tall, eee 2 leaf- bla des cm. wide, with rr broad not divergent lo lobes: rather com- m. long at m pi inkis r pale-purple: S cols coarsely pubescent, stout-beaked: carpel- body ilius pubescent with long and short hairs.—Dry banks, woods, and cult. grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Calif., B. C., and Ont.—(W. I., Mex.) —Spr. . columbinum L. Stem and branches diffuse, 1-5 dm. long, sparingly pubescent: leaf-blades 2—4 cm. wide, with aaa irregularly divergent lobes: ymes very lax: sepals mostly over 10 mm. long at maturity: petals rose-purple: style-column strigillose, slender-beaked: carpel. body glabrous or with few short appressed hairs.—Roadsides and cult. grounds, various provinces, on Coastal Plain only N, N. C. to S. Dak. and N. J. Nat. of Hurasia.—Spr. 2. ODIUM L'Her. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades toothed, Re y or pinnately parted. Flowers with the upper petals smaller. o awn- a e tips sometimes bristle-appendaged. Stamens 5, a panied reds Carpel-body narrow, acute at the base.—About piss Species, widely distributed in warm and temperate regions. Sepaltips with 1 or 2 bristlelike appendages: anther-bearing mam AEE tarium. Sepal-tips without bristle-like appendages: anther-bearing fila- ments 2-toothed. 2. E. moschatum. | E. cicutarium (L.) L'Her. Branches villous and viscid: leaf-blades elliptic outline; petioles shorter than the os E : sepals elliptie, 4-5 mm. long: ar hardly longer than the sepals, rose- ourple: carpel-body 4—6 mm. long, the pen 2—4 em. jin a IL PINE-NEEDLES. )—Waste-places, cult. ae and roadsides, locally U. S. and S Can Nat. : 2. E. moschatum (Bur f) L’He Branehes loosely viseid- pubescent: leaf- Sarge S. in outline: sepals elliptie, . 7—9 long: petals slightly longer than the the sepals, ros sr p ead ed pus 5 (Hanon-zna. A We ER os pes m v Fla.; also Calif. Nat. of Eu.—(Mez.) FAwxiLY 2. OXALIDACEAE--WooD-SORREL FAMILY | Herbs or rarely shrubs, the sap sour. Leaves mostly alternate: blades 3- foliolate or 1-foliolate, the leaflets commonly notched at the apex. 746 OXALIDACEAE Flowers perfect, essentially regular, eymose. Calyx of 5 persistent sepals. Corolla of 5 white or colored petals. Androecium of 10-15 unequal stamens: filaments united at the base. Gynoecium of 5 partially united earpels: styles distinct. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, di baccate.—A bout 15 genera and 300 species, most abundant in the tropi ee Sa ee with short or long rootstock, succulent: corolla not yellow, except 2. Tribe I. OXALIDEAE. Plant. caulescent, annual or perennial, not succulent: corolla yellow. l Tribe II. XANTHOXALIDEAE. I. O E Sepals without apical tubercles : rootstocks elongate, merely scaly at the apex. 1. OXALIS. Sepals n apical tubercles: rootstocks m solitary or ck. Plant A lont rootstock which bears bulblets at the nodes. 2. BOLBOXALIS. Plant with a coated bulb. 3. IONOXALIS. II. XANTHOXALIDEA m or creeping herbs, the flowers in umbel- jie or forking es, 4, XANTHOXALIS. OXALIS L. Spreading herbs. Leaf-blades palmately 3- -foliolate, each usually with a membranous fold in the iii sinus. Flowers commonly soli- ary. Sepals not tubereulate at the apex Filaments commonly glabrous. About 6 spe- cies, natives of the Northern Hemisphere. . montana Raf. Rootstock sealy at the end blades of the leaflets obcordate, 10-15 long: scape em. long: sepals elliptic to lanceolate: cr white or pink and delicately veined, 1—1.5 em. ae cap- m. WOOD-SORREL.) 2. BOLBOXALIS Small Erect herbs with rootstocks which bear bulb- lets at their nodes. Leaf-blades palmately 3-foliolate: leaflets sessile with obrenif broadly obeordate or somewhat eniform Ps Dr, : (ed blades. Flowers borne in umbel-like cymes. a ern Africa, B. cernua (Thunb.) Small. Plant 1-4 dm. m dA Qus blades of the leaflets 3.5 broad, br be 2— very broadly obcordate, glab on eti d pubeseent beneath: uncles surpassing ] sep | lanceolate to a 4.5-6.5 mm. in filaments glabrous: o sule $-8 mm. "ionge sed ue OXALIS.) —Waste- places and cult. grounds, N Fla. Nat. of S Africa.—Spr.—fall. OXALIDACEAE 747 3. IONOXALIS Small. Erect herbs with coated bulbs, often producing clusters of bulblets. Leaf-blades palmately 3—10-foliolate: leaflets with tuber- cles in the apical sinus. Flowers usually borne in umbel-like cymes. Sepals erie at the apex. Petals violet, blue, red, or white.—About 120 species, natives of North America and South America. Inflorescence simple. Tubercles of the sepals confluent : blades of the leaflets obreniform 1. I. violacea. TOR ai of the sepals distinct: blades of the leaflets obdel- oid. 2. I. intermedia. E ccn compound. 3. I. Martiana 1. I. violacea (L.) Sm Plant 5-35 em. tall: leaflets 3; blades 1-2.5 em. wide: seape glabrous: "pale elliptic to pos -elliptie: petals rose-purple or rarely white: p ule 4— . long.— LET WOOD-SORREL.) Woods, E banks, A slopes, and ere various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Colo., and Me.—Spr.—fall. 2. I. intermedia ^ Rich.) Small Plant dm. : ; bla : j wide: scape pubescent: sepals ovate to broadly elliptic: petals violet: capsule col- umnar, 6-7 mm. ns EE S pen. Fla.— es W. I.)—A1l yea 3. I. Martiana (Zuce.) Sm Pla stout, 8—30 s n DE of p js lar rger than violacea: scape a a prets to 250917 ellip- : petals r dendi du often pale: c ue id narrowly ellipsoid, mostly 9-11 m long —Waste-places and cult. grounds, near dw ~ Coastal Plain, Fla. p C EO Nat. of trop. Am. and ¢ dais 4. XANTHOXALIS Small. Herbs. Leaf-blades palmately 3-foliolate: leaflets not tubercled at the apical sinus. Flowers in umbel-like or dichotomous cymes. Sepals 5, the inner narrower than the outer ones. Filaments glabrous or the longer ones pubescent. Capsules elongate, erect.—About 50 species, of wide distribution —SoURGRASSES. YELLOW WOOD-SORRELS.—Oxalic-acid is quite evident to the taste in the tissues of these plants. Pedicels appressed- Bus Lon ger ap pee glabrou appressed- ai e A usually copiously so: capsule mbesen 1. X. stricta. Stem loosely pubescent: often nearly glabrous : capsule a except in X. corni iculata. l Plants erect. ne o en in fruit: leaves oe -green. 2. X. Bushii. Cymes Cluster like in fruit: aves reddish or A. rufa. . X. corniculata. He oo nts spreading ir creeping. Longer filaments Bucs Petals glabrous Plant creep 5. X. Langloisii. Plant i p sometimes with decumbent branches. Stem pd but neither villous nar hirsute. al a pale- or light-yellow ; sepa A Gomes typically 1-flow ered: leaves Bn : ous leaflets small, mainly 4—8 vide. X. filipes. P 748 OXALIDACEAE a typically several- co leaves ees : leaflets large, 10-16 m wide. T. X. Brittoniae. Corolla em yellow; sepals 5- NN "us: lon 8. X. macrantha. Stem villous or hirsute; sometimes sparingly Eo: Corolla light-yellow ; petals 8-11 mm. long. P4 i colorea. 1 2 Corolla golden- yellow ; petals 11-15 mm. long. 10. X. recurva. Petals pubescent. 11. X. Priceae Pedicels loosely pubesce yme umbel-like: Consul densely pubescent. 12. X. hirsuticaulis. Cy me dichotomous : capsule glabrous or thinly pubescent. Capsule-body several times longer than the sepals; leaf- lets pisi green 13. X. cymosa. eae) very scarcely twice as long as the sepals; leaf- S brown-margined. 14. X. grandis. X. a (L.) Small. ries pale-green: simple or branched and tufted: PE glabrous or with seattered hairs: sepals elliptic to linear-lanceolate, sparimgiy eiliate, and more or less pubescent on the baek: E pale-yellow: eapsule 16— 30 em. bs ng.—Banks, fields, and waste-places, various provinces, is ios N. M., Wyo., and N. S.—(Menz.) —Spr.-sum. ie ce Small Plant bright-green 3 dm. tall, loosely-pubescent: ae ae ; P of the leaflets mostly 7—8 wide: cymes umbel-like, usually maturing 1 flower at a time whi ch is accompanied by oum bue. bud: petals pe yellow, 9—13 . long: eapsule 8-10 mm. long.— t soil or thickets, o provinces Ga. EV 'k., Mo., and Mas —Spr. 3. X. rufa Small Plant uc reddish or purplish: stem 1.5—4 dm. pes loosely- Shanon leaves us E E ie des of the leaflets 8—20 wide: cym s dichotomo ous, but hort primary branches, maturing eu ficus ata poe : petals o i yellow, 7-10 mm. long: capsule 7-9 mm. long.—Damp soil or woods, various provinces, Ga. to Minn. and Mass.—Spr.— fall. corniculata (L.) Small Plant bright-green or purplish: stem and branches 5—40 cm. long, with 2 cad. ng hairs: leaflets deep- ~ blades 5- 19 m. broad, or larger, ciliate: sepals iu long: petals 7—10 mm. long, bright- dios -——(OREEPING-OXALIS. LADY’S-SORREL.)—Hammocks, pinelands, st places, and eult. pides various pu Fla. to Tex., Calif., and Ont. Nat. of trop. Am.—Spr.—fall. . Langloisii Small Plant similar to X. corniculata in habit, but rela- tively smaller throughout and sepals rather broader: petals 5-8 mm. long, pale- yel oods and waste-places, m ] Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. end Tenn.—(F. I.)—All yea 6. X. filipes Small. Plant bright-green: stems usually tufted on the slender sp leaves mostly clustered, gece ese so; blades of the leaflets inly 4-8 mm. wide, glabrous or sparingly pubescent: sepals lanceolate to elliptic. lanceolate: pet tals 5-9 m m. long, light-yellow: pce sule slender, 8-12 mm. long.—Sandy woods and thickets, various provinces, Ga. to La., Mo., and N. J. —Spr.—sum. 7. X. Brittoniae Small. Plant deep-green: stems 1—4 dm. tall, loosely-pubes- cent: leaves not clustered; blades of the leaflets 10—16 mm. wide: ymes dichoto- mons when well developed: sepals 3—4 mm. long, ciliate all around: petals LINACEAE 749 5—10 ong, pale- or light-yellow: capsule 7-12 mm. long.—Woods, fields, and hill. nes Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Mo. and N. Y.— pr.-sum. 8. X. macrantha eee Small. Plant bright-green: stem usually solitary at the nodes of t 1 Y rootstock: leaves scarcely clustered: blades of the leaflets mostly 7— pes wide, pubescent: sepals broadly d od iar a lanceolate: pa 10-20 i mm. long, deep-yellow: capsule stout, 10—1 . long. —Open woods and banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss., Tenn., "i Ga. Spr fall. . X. colorea Small. Plant brown or reddish-brown: stem 1-2 dm. tall: leaflets 4-11 mm. wide: cymes umbel-like, the Le scarcely oo the leaves: sepals 3-4 mm. long, ciliate mainly a t the apex: petals 8-11 mm. long, light-yellow: capsule 9-12 mm. long.—Woods, Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.-sum. 10. X. recurva (Ell.) Smal. Plant deep-green: stem 1-3.5 dm. tall, villous: leaf-blades 6-11 mm. wide: cymes umbel-like, the peduncles much S the leaves: sepals 4-5.5 mm pe ciliate all around: petals 11-15 mm. lon golden-yellow: capsule 11- 13 long.—Dry sd. and rocky soil, "Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, "Fla. to Miss., Mo., and N. C.— 11. X. Priceae Small Plant deep-green: stem slender, 1-2 dm. tall, loosely s sparingly m escent: leaflets 8-13 mm. wide: cymes umbel- like: sepals t 7 m ong: petals pubescent: e Ue. 14—17 mm. long.—Woods and Ade Interior low Plateaus, Ala. to Ky.—Sum.—fall. X. hirsuticaulis ue Ee d -green: stem stout, 1—2 rud bar vil- us hirsute: leaflets 8—17 wide: cymes umbel-like: sepals ng: petals glabrous: apna 10- “12 n mm a 6-39 oods, Piedmont to ecu s Plateaus, Ga. and Tenn.—Spr.-s 13. X. cymosa Small Plant mud green: stem 2-11 dm. tall, loosely pubes- cent: der. 10-27 mm. wide: s dichotomous: sepals 3-4 mm. long: petals 7—10 long, deep yellow: flam ents glabrous: MUN slender —Thickets, cult. grounds, and waste-places, various provinces; Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and Ont. —Sum 14. X. grandis Small. Plant deep-green: stem 3-12 dm. a sparingly loosely pubescent: leaflets 25-40 mm. wide: cymes dichotomous: sepals 4.5—-6 mm. long: petals 13-18 mm. long, deep -yellow: longer filaments ciliate: capsule stout.—Shaded banks, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Ind., and Pa.—Sum.-fall. FawrLY 3. LINACEAE—Ftax FAMILY | Herbs or woody plants, the sap bland. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple. Flowers perfect, regular. Calyx of 4-6 deciduous or per- sistent sepals. Corolla of 4—6 ephemeral petals. Receptacle glandular. Androecium of 4-6 stamens, often with staminodia: filaments united at the base. Gynoecium of 2-5 partially united carpels, the styles wholly or p tially distinct. Fruit eapsular.—About 14 genera and 160 species, widely distributed. Stigmas introrse and more or less elongate; sepals glandless. 1. LINUM. Stigmas terminal and capitate: sepals, at least the inner ones, with marginal glands. 2. CATHARTOLINUM. 790 LINACEAE 1. LINUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs. Leaves alternate, without stipules Sepals 5, glabrous, or the inner ones sometimes ciliate. Petals blue or rarely white, unappendaged. ndroecium of 5 stamens and 5 short staminodia. Styles 5, distinct. Capsule 5-celled and with incom- plete partitions, the carpels ridged on the back. ut 8 species, natives of warm and temperate regions.—FLAXE ES 1. L. usitatissimum L. Stem 2-9 dm. leaves tee few, long er ee blades long-pointed: corolla blue, 1.5-2 cm. wide sule 7—10 m = n LINN.)—Fields, roadsides, and railroad em ER. often in ac A soils, eo o n A ~ S Na t. of E ult.—Sum bur furn ishes flax ad linen, and m seeds are the sources of linseed- oil. 2. CATHARTOLINUM Reichenb. Herbs. Leaves alternate or occasion- ally opposite, sometimes with stipular glands. Sepals 5, the inner ones at least with gland- uu teeth. Petals yellow, sometimes pubescent within near the se. Androecium of 5 stamens, generally without staminodia. Styles 5, dis-. Gace or aa teal o 5-celled, or completely or incompletely 10- Ed by i ses —About 70 species, of wide geographic distribution.—Sum. or ar S cU M M Styles distinct: corolla approximately E: cm. wide. I. VIRGINIANA. Styles more or less united: corolla wi Sepals persistent: capsule without thidkésifues at dur base: stipular glands present: corolla about 1.5 cm. wide. II. SULCATA. Sepals deciduous: capsule with cartilaginous thickenings at e: sti ipular glands wanting or obscure: corolla 2-3 em. wide. III. RIGIDA. I. VIRGINIANA Staminodia wanting. Sepals entire at maturity, the inner ones sometimes erose on account of the bases of the deciduous glandular hairs. Stem paniculately branched: outer sepals 2-2.5 mm. long at maturity. 1. C.striatum. Stem corymbosely branched: outer sepals 3-3.5 mm. long at maturity. 2. C. virginianum. SUB either those of the inner series, or of the outer, of both aed glandular-toothe ed. Ca psule dep fabas typically lanceolate: inner sepals "oru tis long-pointed. 3. C. medium. Outer sepals typically ovate: inner sepals acute or abruptly short-pointed. 4. C. Curtissii. Capsule ovoi Ou ter and inner sepals nearly equal at maturity, shorter than the capsule or about equalling it. Outer sepals mostly over 3 mm. long: capsule broadly ovoid, obtuse 5. C. floridanum. cm Ri less than 3 mm. long: capsule narrowly ovoid, acute. 6. C. intercursum. Outer sepals much longer than the inner, all sur- assing the capsule. S C. macrosepalum. nt. p Staminodia presen C. arenicola. II. Sv Sepals, especially the outer ones, EU. ud irregularly toothed, elliptic-lanceolate, short-acuminate: capsule nar- rowly ovoid. 9. C. Harperi. LINACEAE 791 Sepals, especially the outer ones, finely and regularly toothed, narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate: capsule globose- ovoid or slightly depressed. 10. C. sulcatum. III. RiGIDA Plants stout, erect, sparingly branched above: corolla showy, ‘golden-yellow. 11. C. Carteri. l. C. striatum (Walt.) Small. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, panieulate, winged below the nodes: leaves mainly opposite; blades elliptic, 1-3 cm. long: outer sepals vu had to elliptie-laneeolate, 2-2.5 mm. long; inner sepals ovate to suborbicular: oul bei o TOI DOR. 2 mm. broad.— Low ds, swamps, and wet on e various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Man., Ont and Mas 2. C. virginianum (L.) Small. Stem 2-6 dm. tall corymbose M i ede blades thinnish, Dea te or a. to elliptic, 1-3 em. long: outer ee a to elliptic- lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long; sepals rat pi ape than Ux outer: oen sm depressed, broad.—Roadsides, thick- ets, and T pour various provinees, Ga. to Ala., Ont., and Me. 3. C. medium i Small. Stem 3-6 dm tall, eorymbose above, the branches rigid: leaves inly alternate, ye on appressed ; blades spatulate to t ae or linear. lanceolate 0.6-2 long: outer To E to lanceolate, long: capsu ule depressed- globose, Hillsides, b uus and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex, Ont, aad N. Y. 4. C. Curtissii Small. Stem 2-6.5 dm. tall, m above: leaves mainly alternate, ascen e d or ur blades elliptie-spatulate to Pii or linear above, 0.5—1.5 ong: outer sepals ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long: capsu eo depressed, 2.5 mm. broad. ee eee and low pinelands, S pen. Fla.—(W. I.) C. floridanum (Planeh.) Small. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, eorymbose: leaves mainly alter ernate, nearly erect or m blades . oblaneeolate to linear- Eccc or linear a pao ke un em. long: inner E ovate to eis ovate, nearly as long as the i age broadly ovoid, 2-2.5 . broad.— Low pinelands, E aet "Plain por NEA y adj. pret ee Fla. to La. "S Il., and N. C. 6. C. intercursum (Bicknell) Small Stem 1.5-3 dm. tall, or sometimes taller, eorymbose above, sometimes copiously so: leaves erect or ascending; blades oblanceolate, or elliptic, poke em. long: inner sepals ovate or oval-ovate, des than the outer ones: capsule narrowly ovoid, 15-8 mm. E oS andy woods id barrens, various provinees, Ga. and Ala. to Mas C. macrosepalum Small. Stem 2.5-9 dm. tall, corymbose: leaves alternate erect- -ascending or appressed; blades linear- subulate to d or narrowly linear or linear-spatulate near the base of the stem, 1-1.5 em. long: inner sepals S d to e p tne much pub w the a ones: capsule ovoid, broad.— unds and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala., and Plants with Ed prm Pul have been found in 'serub near Naples, s, Fla. 752 TROPAEOLACEAE 8. C. arenicola Small. Stem or branches 2—7 dm. tall: leaves sonia d sq blades, at least of the leaves above the base of the stem, subulat subula te- acicular, mostly less oe 1 cm. long, entire: outer sepals br pud elliptic to elliptic- ovate , becoming 2 mm. long, acuminate: capsule depressed, out 1.5 mm. long. — Low pinelands. Everglade Keys Fla. and lower Florida E 9. C. Harperi Smal. Stem 3-8 dm p leaves mainly alternate; blades linear-spatulate to narrowly linear, 0. 5-2 m. long: outer sepals lanceolate. 3. mm. long, sparingly toothed: capsule aoa ovoid, 2.5 mm. long, ob- tuse.—Dry pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and G C. sulcatum E Small. ies 2-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades cag! to linear- ce 0.8-2.5 em. long: r sepals lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, copi- . ously toothed: eapsule Bone Bs or Pu tly depressed, about 31 mm. long.— Dry soil, various provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Man., Ont., and A 11. C. Carteri Small. Stem 1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly linear tc linea subulate, mostly 1.5-2.5 em. ng: Eos sepals lan pud to oyato Janeeolate, 6-7 mm. long: capsule abou [Linum rigidum (Ch . FL)J— ong. Pinelands, especially along a Bverglados the Everglado Keys, iud Big Cypress Swamp, Fla.—Spr. Famity 4. TROPAEOLACEAE—NAsTURTIOM FAMILY Herbs. Leaves alternate: blades peltate, or palmately lobed or dis- sected. Flowers perfect, axillary, irregular. Calyx of 5 sepals slightly united at the base, the upper one spurred at the base. Corolla of 5, or fewer, petals, the 2 upper ones more or less different from the lower ones. Androecium of 8 unequal declined stamens. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Fruit baccate. 1. TROPAEOLUM L. Vines or diffuse plants with succulent stems. Calyx-spur cornucopia-like. Petals narrowed at the base. Berry 3-lobed.— ' About 35 species, native from Mexico to Chile and eult. de in the notches of the margin: petals stly red, orange, or purple; claws toothed; blades rounded Sie —— Ls 14-19 —(N M.)—W te-places and usn puma various MANDAR Atlan- tic States. Nat. of di ru.—Su pred Cul- tivated in many forms, dwarf and vine-like, for the bright-green foliage and the brillant colored flowers. The aromatic frui as ao been in cultivation for a long time, and has been developed into -— forms. It is the only species of ten or a dozen, that escapes from cultivation LIMNANTHACEAE 153 Famity 5. BALSAMINACEAE-—JEWEL-WEED FAMILY erbs with succulent tissues. Leaves mostly alternate: blades simple. Flowers perfect, irregular. Calyx of 3 sepals (2 obsolete), the posterior one petaloid, saccate and spurred, all deciduous. Corolla of 5 petals, the stamens: filaments appendaged and partially united. Gynoecium of 5 united carpels. Styles very short or wanting. Fruit an elastically 'burst- ing eapsule.—Two genera and 220 species, most abundant in tropical Asia. 1. IMPATIENS [Rivinius] L. Herbs with stems enlarged at the nodes. Capsule drooping.—About 130 species, peel oo —fSum-fall.—ToucnH- ME-NOTS. SNAPWEEDS.—Our species are ann Flowers in peduncled panicles: outer sepals broad: capsule elongate, se as Spur ineurved, 1/3 as long as the sac, or more: sac longe r than LEE jr m Spur at right angles to the sac, 1/4 as long as the sac, or less: sac as broad as long. 2. I. pallida. Flowers 2n. e clusters: outer sepals narrow: capsule short, pubese 3. I. Balsamina. I. ora Walt. Plant 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate to elliptie, 2—12 c in d green: flowers conspicuously spotted with black: sepals and m orange, the saccate sepal conic, vily EA runs, various pm Fla. to Mo., Mack., and Newf.—S§pr.—fall. e glaue t: fi sparin otted lack, or sometimes spotless: sepals and bnt yellow, the eate sepal cup-like, scarcely spotted, with the spur very s ( H pb Rieh shaded hill- sides and stream-banks, various provinces dii on Coastal Plain. only northward, Ga. to Kans. ., Sask., and N. Cw 3. I. Balsamina L. Plant 3-6 dm. the stem succulent, finely pubes leaf- pur. lee es Bard to pu spofulto, those of the upper leaves de than r les t both ends JA rather pius ser- rate: poer Sedul c capsule ovoid or eee oid, 2-3 cm. long, pubescen nt.—(GARDEN BALSAM.)—W rounds, and i E various provinces, E U. S. Nat. of S Asia and cult-— OP. I .)—Sum. FAMILY 6. CEAE—FaLSE-MERMAID FAMILY Herbs with tender tissues. Leaves alternate: blades pinnately divided. Flowers perfect, axillary. Calyx of 2-5 sepals. Corolla of 2-5 petals. Androecium of 4-10 stamens. Gynoecium of 2-5 carpels united only by their bases and styles. Fruit 2-5-lobed, fleshy, the carpels separating as achenes.—Two genera and about 9 species, natives of North America. OERKEA Willd. Annual diffuse herbs. Leaf-segments narrow. Flowers | inconspicuous. Sepals 3. Petals 3, white. Stamens 6. Ovary 3-celled. 48 754 ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Achenes 1-3, rough—Two species, the fol- lowing and one in the W U. S. 1. F. proserpinacoides Willd. Stems de- cumbent, 1—4 dm. long: leaves 2-8 cm. long, distant: various provinees, on Coastal vie only N, enn and —BSpr.—In Del. to Te favorable localities the EN Tur ten grow in dense carpets, especially on ene clay banks. Famity 7. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE—Catrrop FAMILY Shrubs, trees, or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite or — by the suppression of one of each pair: blades compound. wers perfect. Calyx of 4-6, mostly 5, sepals. Corolla of 4-6, mostly 5, nee or rarely wanting. Androecium of twice as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoecium of 2-4-united carpels. Fruit capsular, sometimes baccate at maturity, or again separating into nut-like carpels—About 20 genera and 160 species, widely distributed in warm and temperate regions. Herbs: ovary sessile: stigmas lateral: corolla yellow or red. Tribe I. TRIBULEAE. E or trees: ovary stipitate: stigmas terminal, corolla blue Tribe II. GUAIACEAE. IBULEAE Fruit armed: ovary 5-celled ; carpels septate, 3-seeded. 1. TRIBULUS. Fruit unarmed : ovar y 10—12- celled ; carpels 1-seeded. 2. KALLSTBROEMIA. II. GUAIACEAE Leaves with few leaflets: flowers blue. 9. GUAIACUM. 1. TRIBULUS L. Diffuse herbs. Leaves pubescent. Sepals 5, decidu- ous. Petals white or yellow. Filaments unappendaged. edid "m —About 12 species, natives of warm and temperate regions.—BUR-N CALTROPS. Corolla less than 2 em. wide: peduncles shorter than the leaves: plant an 1. T. terrestris. Corolla over 3 cm. wide: peduncles : plant perennial. 2. T. cistoides. . ris L. Branches 2-11 dm. long; leaves 2—6 cm. long; leaflets 10— rres 14, the fide es Ti 12 mm. long: sepals 3-5 mm. long, acute: petals about 1 cm. long, y ellow: stamens pe as long as the pet mature carpel 6-7 mm. long.— (PUNCTURE-WEED.) — Waste-places, Coast Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. Y., easional the interior. Nat. of Old World.— (Mex.)—Spr.—fall. 2. T. cistoides L.. pe pee! pro- cumbent, pu xdg eav -6 em. long; leaflets 12- 16, the be elliptic: sepals oe 8- 11 mm mm. long, acuminate: petals r 8—9 mm. long.—Hammoeks and waste- y Coastal Plain, T ter to Tex. and b. —(W. I., Mex., C. A., >: cae fall, or all year S. MALPIGHIACEAE | 799 KALLSTROEMIA Scop. Herbs resembling Tribulus. Sepals 5, per- isten t Petals yellow or red. Filaments unappendage Fruit uneven or Dos —AÀbout 20 species of wide geographie discite —CALTROPS. Sepals lanceolate, not hirsute, mainly appressed-pubescent : fruit glabrous. 1. K. e Sepals linear-subulate, bristly hirsute: fruit pubescent. 2. K. parviflora. 1. K. maxima (L.) T. & G. Branches prostrate or procumbent, 2-6 dm. long or longer, appressed- pubescent and often HE hirsute: leaflets usually 6-8, ‘the blades of the terminal pair 9—1 long, elliptie or oval, often w o lanceolate, 3—4 mm. long: petals E yellow, obovate, m. long: fruit 7—10 cbe qud aste-places, roadsides, and cu grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala., and Ga. Nat. of trop. Am.— (W. I., ‘Mex ; C. A., S. mazim ma in habit: sepals 45-6 mm. long: petals yellow: fruit 10-12 mm. long, the slender pem EE longer than dy. —Dry soil, Coastal and E A provinces, Miss. to n — (Mes. ) —Spr.- fall. 3. GUAIACUM [Plum.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves relatively large, dice kt leaflets but little longer than wide. “Senate 5 or rarely 4, un- lue or purple. Filaments sone ier Fruit angled or winged.— About 8 species, natives of tropical America. 1. G. sanctum L. Shrub or tree sometimes 10 m. tall, with very hard heavy wood, the bark pale: leaves 5-10 cm. long; leaflets 6-8, the blades broadly elliptic 7 Bins , 2-3 sepal NN C» Wet A SS ` N NN NN W AN N WL AS S N : ins it ig 22d for making small objects Er nien weight, and strength are needed. Famity 8. MALPIGHIACEAE—MarriGHiA FAMILY Shrubs or trees, or partially woody herbs or vines. Leaves opposite: blades simple. Flowers usually perfect, sometimes cleistogamous. Calyx of 5 often gland-bearing sepals. Corolla of 5 usually clawed petals, or wanting. Androecium of 5-10 perfect or partly sterile stamens. ee eium of 2-4, usually 3, distinct or united carpels. Fruit drupaceous, cap sular, or nut-like.—About 60 genera and 750 species, cy distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. 196 RUTACEAE 1. BYRSONIMA L. C. Rich. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in terminal racemes, or panicles. Petals white, saree or purplish, reflexed. Stigmas acute. els Drap d united. Cot dons aces led. — About 100 M ica natives, mainly, of tropical Americ B. cuneata (Turez.) P. Wilson. Ever- —18 m gre l tree, mostly 3-18 tall: leaf-blades spatulate to obovate-spatu- ate, 2—4 c ]ustrous m em. g: petals pink or white, turning yellowish or ; 7 mm. long, the blades reniform: pe 4—6 mm. in diameter. [B. lucida (Sw.) DC.] — (LocUsT-BERRY.) — Hammocks and low pinelands, eres n Fla. and aoe Keys.—(W. I.)— yea . Shrubs or trees or rarely herbs, often prickle-armed, with glandular- punctate tissues. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple or pin- nately compound, sometimes 1-foliolate. Flowers perfect or polygamous, mostly regular. Calyx of 3—5, or rarely more, sepals, or wanting. Corolla of 3-5, or aniy more, petals. Androecium of as many stamens as there About 110 genera and 950 species, most aani in ro and Australia. Fruit dry, follicular joi eae id. Flowers perfect: BD or more in each carpel: herbs. Tribe I. RUTEAE. Flowers dioecious or polyga Do ovules 1 or 2 in each earpel: shrubs or tree Famity 9. RUTACEAE—RwveE FAMILY Fruit dehiscent: a deep es ribe II. BL Fruit indehiscent: a Tribe III. PTELE Fruit fleshy, drupaceous or Pacer Fruit a drupe: ovary 1-celled. Tribe IV. AMYRIDEAE. Fruit a berry: ovary 2-several-celled. Tribe V. CITREAE. I. Rv Heavy-scented smooth herbs or partly Eds ants with yellow flowers and lobed capsules. 1. RUTA. II. ANTHOXYLEAE Shrubs or trees, often with pd stems and leaves. 2. ZANTHOXYLUM. PTE Unarmed shrubs or small trees vi EN flowers, the fruits winged all around. 3. PTELEA. IV. AMYRIDEA Unarmed aromatic shrubs or trees, with white —- and erect | clusters of dark fruits. 4, AMYRIS. V. CITREAE Stamens 6-10: carpels' 1-ovuled. Styles very short or e p ovary 5-celled. 2 GLYCOSMIS. Styles elongate, deciduo ary 3- or 4-celled. 6. TRIPHASIA. Stamens 20 or more: carne, Several ovale Leaves 3- foliolate : stamens distinct: fruit vu) pubescent. T. PONCIRUS. Leaves 1- -foliolate: Stamens more or less united: fruit glabrou 8. CITRUS. 1. RUTA L. Herbs, sometimes woody at the base, heavy-scented. Leaf- blades divided. Flowers in corymbose or panicled cymes. Sepals 4 or 5, per- - 3n - RUTACEAE sistent. Petals 4 or 5: blades involute, toothed or somewhat ciliate, often clawed. vary 4-5-celled. Capsule sessile, 4- or 5- lobed, dehiscent at the apex.—About 40 species, natives of the Mediterranean region and Asia R. graveolens L. Plant 2-8 dm. leaf- blades twice ed divided the rel obovate or obovate- se epals wane or ovate: petals ie. OT mn long, blades involute, denticulate: pr 8— kt mm. wide.—(RUuE.)—Waste-places o. p grounds, various provinces, E U. S. of Eu.—Spr.-fall.—Formerly mueh TE in 2o mue 2. ZANTHOXYLUM [Catesby] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades pin- nate, sometimes 1-foliolate. Flowers dioecious or polygamous, in axillary spikes or terminal corymb-like or cyme-like panicles. Sepals present or wanting. Petals 4 or 5, mostly erect, white o or green. Mature carpels solitary, or 2-5 together. D a L.]—About 150 species, natives of temperate and tropical regions.—Spr.-sum. or all year os Calyx present: flowers appearing after the leave Flowers in small axillary spikes: sepals, MEAT and stamens 4. . Z. Fagara. Flowers in large terminal c n or corymb-like panicles: sepals, petals, and stamens 3 or 5. Sepals, and petals, 5: leaflet D Sepals, triangular or de dtola, partially united, pen t. . Z. flavum. Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, distinct, decidu- 3. Z. Clava-Herculis. Sepals, and petals, 3: leaflets leathery. 4. Z. coriaceum. Calyx wanting: flowers appearing before the leaves. 5. Z. americanum. 1. Z. Fagara (L.) Sarg. Shrub, or ae sometimes 10 m. tall, the Harr: slender, often Bs. m s 2.5—11 em. long, the raehis winged ; blades tne lateral leaflets mostly ds ate to B 1-2 long, shallowly alee mature 551 er ences [Z. Pterota H. B. K ges WILD. ue )— Coastal hammocks, southern pen. Fla. and hammocks of the Everglade Keys and Florida Keys.— (W. I.)—The heart-wood is heavy and hard, usually brown 2. Z. flavum Vahl. Shrub, or tree som times 12 o unarmed, the twigs stellate- P lea s 9-25 em. long, the rachis terete; blades p the lateral leaflets mostly elliptic or ovate, 3.5— e long: mature carpel m '5-9 p ng. [Z. ida Ar ww (Yarrow: -WOOD SAT WOOD.)— —Hom ocks, low r Florida Keys. — (IF. I.)\—The heart-wood, exceed- e hard oa i. is good -eolored. 3. Z. Clava-Herculis L. Shrub, or tree sometimes 17 tall, the prickles raised on corky bases: leaves 1-3 "dm. long; blades of the pos leaflets ovate, 758 RUTACEAE 4—5 em. long, appressed-serrate: mature das dde mostly 2—5 n inu m 4-6 PRI S mm. long. [Z. carolinianwm Lam. Ur de THACHE-TREE EA- ASH. PEPPER-WOOD. HERCULES’-CLUB.)— Woo pers hammocks, Coastal Plain, mostly near the coast or in eo soils, Fla. , Ark., and Va.—The light and soft heart-wood is pale-brown. The bak i is ud medieinally. coriaceum Rich. Shrub, or tree becoming 7 m. tall: leaves 6-15 lu. ; blades of the dde leathery, rigid, obovate to cuneate or due with M. base, 2—6 ong: mature carpel 5—6 mm. lon m (HERCULES ’- C B.)— Coastal eA S. pen. Fla. and the Keys. (V Z. ericanum Mill Shrub 1-3 m. tall, with prickly branches: leaves 1-3 dm. Dus leaflets 4—8 cm. long, the blade ovate, d or rarely oval: corolla 9—9.0 m me ho m mature earpel 4—5 m n dia — (NORTHERN PRICKLY- AS HE-TREE. ) —River- i uud rocky poen various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Nebr., Mi inn., and Ont . PTELEA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades 3-foliolate or rarely 5- foliolate. Flowers polygamous or sometimes dioecious, in cymes. Sepals 4 or 5. tals r 5, narrow, white or greenish. Ovary 2-3-celled. Ovules 2 in each cavity, superposed. Samara winged all around.—About 6 species, Nort erican.—SHRUBBY-TREFOILS.—The'’ bark is bitter and is used as a toni Leaflets mostly 6-12 cm. long; blades broad, 2-8 em. wide; samara-body orbicular oval. Samara AME E to oval-orbicular. 1. P. trifoliata. Samara obovat sau lg with Pat d serrate blades: samara 16-19 mm ute or utish at the base, the body merely glandular dott ed. 2. P. serrata. M with entire blades: sama 8—11 long, Unde à or truncate at the base, the body pitted. 3. P. microcarpa. Leaflets moss 1-3 em. long; blades narrow, about 1 em. wide: samara-body elliptie ! . P. Baldwinii. L. P. trifoliata L. Shru ub, or tree sometimes 8 m. tall: blades of the leaflets, ovate, oval elliptie, elliptic-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 4-12 em. long, glabrous (or densely pubeseent in P. trifoliata Mp - voo a Pues Mr) s to Ariz., Minn., and —(Mez.)— P. serrata Small. Shrub 1-2 m. tall, with er blaekish E blades of = leaflets _thinnish, 2.5—7 em. long, serrate, ui acuminate, much price Maium s of shee those te | elliptie- cova that of the terius one eliptic or elliptic-obovate: samara pale- green, with ‘the e body copiously black-dotted, the wings thin, sparingly dotted.— Granite rocks, in the Piedmont of Ga. —Spr. 3. P. microcarpa Small. Shee 1. E m. boe with dark-brown branches: blades of the leaflets thickish, 5-10 em. long, entire, obtuse or dcutish, slightly paler beneath than above, those of faa lat n ones ovate or ovate-la neeolate, ee 0 the terminal one elliptie or elliptic-obovate: samara brownish, with the body RUTACEAE 799 copiously pitted, the wings thickish, Ae pitted .—Hillsides and limestone ridges, Appalachian provinces, Ga., Ala., and Tenn.—Spr. 4. P. Baldwinii T. & mm Low shrub with PN pustulate branches; blades of the leaflets thinnish, 9.4.5 m. long, entire, acute or acutish, those of the lateral o iir est above or below the middle: samara obovate to orbieular-obovate, 1.5— PLA with the body dotted and wrinkled, the a thinnish dotted pu Pa , NE Fla.—Spr. 4, AMYRIS [P. Br.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades pinnate, or 1- d the petiole wingless. Flowers perfect or polygamous, panieulate. etals 4 or 5, broad, white. Ovary 1-celled: style short or want- ing. od les 2. Drupe with a single seed.—A bout 15 species, mostly in tropical America.—Spr.—sum. or all year S.— The heavy, hard, and close-grained heart- wood is sometimes used in cabinet-work, and yields a balsamic resin. | Fruit globose: ovary glabrous: leaflets shining bene 1. A. elenii: Fruit V a to elliptic-obovoid : ovary pubescent : edicts dull 2. A. balsamifera. 1. A. elemifera L. Shrub, - tree ee 2 m. tall: leaflets 3 or 5; ees ovate to rhombic-ovate, 9-8 c ong: petals 2.5-3.5 mm. long: drupe e 4— 8m long, black beneath the bloom. my) mar F Jaeq.|—(TorcHwoop.)—Coastal hammocks, pen. Fla., hammocks on the Everglade Keys and Florida Keys.—(W. I.) 2. A. balsamifera L. Shrub, or E tree ades north as the = alifax River. In its north- ern distribution it is confined to the glee nal kit chenmiddens, village sites, and bur mounds that lie close to the ocean or the Gone 5. GLYCOSMIS Correa. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades l-several-folio- late: leaflets mostly entire. e ers inii. relatively small. Sepals nearly distinct. Petals 5, elongate, w r 2—5-celled: styles very short. eae moe in each cavity. Berry globular, the pulp very thin.—Five Pad natives of Asia and Australia E G. ghi diam Lindl. Shrub 1-4 all o all tree: leaves 1-5-foliolate; leaflets elliptic, or baie above the middle, | 8—16 em. long, glabrous: sepals orbieular to oval, 1-2 m m. long: petals eliptic, sometimes ' broadly so, $4 mm. long: filaments clavate: berry 7—10 mm. n diameter, white 0 x E ( Side ud E E m ocks, Key West, l Nat. of trop. Asia 2 cult.— —(W. I. ded —sum. 760 RUTACEAE 6. TRIPHASIA Lour. Shrubs. Leaf-blades 3- foliolate: leaflets with toothed blades. Flowers portae relatively large. Sepals united. Petals 3 or 4, narrow, white. Ovary 3- or 4-celled: styles elongate, united. Ovules solitary in each cavity. a resembling a small orange.—One specie 1. T. trifolia (Burm. f.) P. Wilson. Shru mostly 1-2 m. tall: leaflets 3; blades a to nearly elliptic, or oval, 1-5 em. long, shallowly crenate: calyx-lobes acute: petals long: berry ellipsoid to globular- Tex. Nat. of E. I. and cult.— Spr. 7. 3-foliolate, the petiole narrowly winged. Flowers pond on the old wood. thinnish, white, with claw-like bases. Ovary 6-8-celled, pubescent: styles united, decidu- Ovules several. Berry many-seeded.— `^ One species. 1. P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. Mun Ads with tout thorns: leaflets 2.5-6.5 long; blades oval or elliptic, varying t ovate or obovate, shallowly toothed, NS sepals Tex. and of China.—Spr. cus used n: A for grafting oranges; also for hedges and ornament. The Pe eel contains a disagreeable-flavored oil and the pulp is scanty, but aromatic 8. CITRUS L. Shrubs or trees with evergreen leaves. Leaf-blades 1- foliolate, the petiole often winged. Flowers perfect, axillary. Sepals united. Petals 5, or 4-8, thick and wax-like, white, not narrowed at the base. Ovary several- a. glabrous: styles united, deciduous. Ovules several. Berry several-seeded.— Several species, natives of Asia, long cult. and ceci) hy- bridized. Perhaps the earliest fruit trees introduced in Amer Seeds brought over by the Spanish expeditioners were sown in the ue — of Florida and in the more remote parts. e descendants of these early introductions have since maintained a foothold in the hammocks and in the kitchenmiddens.— Plants flower mainly in spr. Berry of a globose or subglobose type, not A at the ao Petioles broadly winged: berry with a hollow Por . C. Em PONCIRUS Raf. Shrubs or trees with deciduous leaves. Leaf-blades Petioles slightly winged: berry with a solid e . C. sinensis. SURIANACEAE 761 Berry of an ellipsoid type, commonly mammilate at the Berry i ed small, ee rind thin, the pulp ell devi eloped ith abundant juice and very acid: petioles narrowly winced or Wingless Corolla 2-2.5 em. wide: blades of the leafiets commonly rounded at the apex: berry 3-6.5 cm. long, the pulp greenish. 3. C. aurantifolia. — Corolla 3-5 cm. wide: blades of the leaflets often acute: . berry 6-10 em. long, the pulp light-yellow. 4. C. Limonum. Berry large, 12-20 ‘em . long, the rind 3-7 mm. thick, the . pulp scant, insipid. 5. C. Medica. 1. C. Aurantium L. Thorny shrub or small tree: leaflets ovate to elliptic, 6-12 em d often acuminate, the DOLI usually broadly winged: flowers in mn ITTER ORAN | mocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga —(F. I.) 2. C. sinensis Osbeck. Thorny erect, shrub or small tree: leaflets oval, elliptie- -ovate, Or ovate, 6.5-13 cm. long, often acute o T aa =) — Woods and hammocks, Fla. the Keys.— OF. I.) 3. C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle. Small tree or straggling shub, numerous sharp thorns: leaflets oval to elliptic, 6.5-9 c ong, e eis rounded at the apex, crenulate: petioles PON wi a Ra wers in clusters of 3—10: petals white without and within Pai! small, mostly less than 6 em . long, the rind very thin, the pulp greenis [C. Lima Lunan. E Penes = Woods, thickets, and Um pen. Fla. - the Keys.—(W. I +) 4, C. Limonum (L.) Risso. Small tree or durus Ie ius piu Mir] than C. aurantifolia: leaflets el ptie or ovate-oval, 5-11 e ong, commonly acute or acuminate at the apex, owe d Mice Or wingless: pan Mens or fe together: petals purpli D mostly over m. long, the rind relatively n ae ue A eres Ru N.)— Woods and B. pen. Fla. and the Ke eys.—(W. I.) l 5. C. Medica L. Small tree or shrub, gi s with stout thorns: leaflets elliptic, or slightly broadened upw ard, 12-20 em. long, rounded and often emarginate at the apex, serrulate- crenate, dull-gre en: RE in Em sters of 3—10: petals purple- Er eh without, white within: berry oblong or oval, usually very ae mostly 12-20 em. long, ‘often coarsely wrinkled, the rind very thick. — (CITRON. )—Pinelands iid hammocks, pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.) Famity 10. SURIANACEAE-—Bav-cEpAR FAMILY Shrubs or trees of coastal sands. Leaves alternate: blades entire. Flowers perfect, solitary, or few in terminal clusters. Calyx o sistent sepals. Corolla of 5 clawed petals. Androecium of 8 or 10 4 or 5 distinct earpels opposite the petals. Ovules 2, side by side. Fruit achene-like.—The following genus and species comprise the family. 762 | SIMAROUBACEAE 1. SURIANA [Plum.] L. Shrubs with erect stems or trees with wide- spreading branches, the bark flaky. Leaves numerous, fleshy. Fruits seated in the persistent calyx. 1. S. maritima L. Shrub or tree 8 dm. (all, the woo d very hard and MuR leaves s fleshy, appressed- i x approximate; blades ny -spatulat 1. 5-4 va ong.—(BAY-CEDAR. THATCH-LEAF,)— Sand- dunes and coastal ou S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I. )—All year. ne. chance for a long life. How wever, on the leeward side of oe yee from the winds and waves, plants sometimes grow to the size of tre Famity 11. SIMAROUBACEAE—Quassta FAMILY Shrubs, trees, or rarely herbs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite: blades pinnately compound, 1—3-foliolate or rarely simple. Flowers polyg- amous, deciduous, or rarely perfect, solitary, spicate, racemose or panicu- late. -Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 3-5 petals or wanting. Androecium is as many stamens as there are sepals or twice as many, or rarely very any. Gynoecium of 2-5 more or less united earpels. Ovary usually lobed. Stigmas mostly introrse. Fruit a a drupe or a samara, or baccate.— About 30 genera and 150 species, most abundant in the tropics Fruit drupaceous or bac Carpels becoming distinet, forming simple fruits: leaf-blades ecd ed MAROU Carpels Dy united, forming a compound fruit: leaf- blades unequally pinnate. 2. PICRAMNIA. Fruit samaroi Petals prese ent: ‘stamens 10: mature sa separate. 3. AILANTHUS. Petals w wanting: Stamens 5: mature carpels united. 4,. ALVARADOA, SIMAROUBA Aubl. Trees. Leaf- S abruptly pinnate, the leaflets uu Flowers monoecious or dioecious, panieulate. Sepals 4 or 9, Short. al 9 Species, tropical American S. glauca DC. Tree sometim SO en yellowish: drupe oval, about 2 em. long, scarlet or dark-purple. — (PARADISE-TREE. BITTER-WOOD. )—Hammocks, near the coast, SIMAROUBACEAE 763 S pen. Fla., Everglade Keys, and Florida Keys.—(W. I., Mes., C. A., S. A.)— Spr. — The light- -brown heart-wood is elose-grained, but en and light. 2. PICRAMNIA Sw. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades unequally pinnate, the leaflets thickish. Flowers dioecious, spicate or racemose. Sepals 3-5, short. Petals 3-5, P white or greenish- white, or wantin Stamens 3-5, unap- pendaged. Ovary | 2-3-celled, not lobed: style very short. Fruit a berry.—About 30 species, most abundant in tropical America. P. pentandra Sw. Shrub or small tree: s 5-7; blades elliptie, or rarely ovate, soid, 10—1 long.— ( BITTER-BUSH.) — Ham mmocks, Everglade Keys, Fla. and ae ida Keys.— I.)—Wint.-spr.—The heavy W. and hard wood, like the bark, contains a bitter principle. l 3. AILANTHUS Desf. Trees. Leaf-blades unequally pinnate, the leaf- lets thin. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, paniculate. Sepals 5, short. Petals 5, valvate, much larger than the sepals, white lobed at the apex: style columnar. Fruit a cluster of 5, or fewer, samaras with the style- bases lateral.—About 3 species, Asiatic. > > bn gum. A j - cy ims: . pee j T. 1. A. altissima Swingle. Tree becoming 30 m. tall: leaflets 13-41; blades e is ye dpud -lanceolate, 7—1 g: as long, linear- elliptic, a in P St panicles, t eed in the middle. [ A. ndu s f TRE places, various provinces, U. S. and S Can. Nat. of China and cult.—Spr.-sum. 4. ALVARADOA Liebm. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades unequally pin- nate, the leaflets thinnish. Flowers dioecious, borne in spreading or drooping racemes. _ Sepals 5, short, greenish. Petals 2-3-celled, apically notched. Fruit oe —About 6 species, tropical Ameri A. d Liebm. Shrub or 21 ree: leaves approximate at the ends of t branches “cafele numerous, the blades > long, those of the lateral a mostly elliptic © or oval: flowers numerous, slender- o n ovate, about 1 a m. long: ents pubescent: samara elliptic or snes -elliptie, 12.14 mm. long, ciliate, 764 | MELIACEAE notehed.—-( ALVARADOA.) —Hammocks, Everglade Keys, Fla.—(JF. I., Mex., C. 4.) —Al1l year. FamMity 122 BURSERACEAE- ToncHwoop FAMILY Trees with a resinous sap. Leaves alternate: blades pinnate, rarely 1-3-foliolate. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, racemose or panicu- late. Calyx of 3-6 sepals. Corolla of 3-6 petals. Androecium of 6-12 stamens. Gynoecium of 2-5 united carpels. Fruit drupaceous, the epi- carp sometimes valvate—About 20 genera and 325 species, mostly of trop- ical regions. . ELAPHRIUM Jacq. Trees. Leaves approximate at the ends of the branches: leaflets thick. Sepals 4-6, imbricate. Petals 4-6, mostly valvate. Stamens 8-12, erect. Ovary 3-5-celled. | Drupe with a valvate epicarp. [Bursera acq.]—About 80 species, mostly of tropical America. . 1. E. Simaruba (L.) Rose. Tree, becom- . ) ing 20 m. tall: with soft wood and smooth reddish bark: leaflets 3-7; blades oval or It is the only deciduous-leaved tropical tree among its evergreen associates. A rapidly. Famity 13. MELIACEAE- MAHOGANY FAMILY hru pinnately 1-3-compound. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, panicu- late. Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 3-5 petals. Androecium of 8-10, Gynoecium of 3-5 united carpels. Ovary 3-5-celled. Fruit a berry, a capsule, or a drupe.—About 50 genera and 700 species, most abundant in the tropics. Fruit drupaceous, clustered, drooping: androecium and style FODER "a l . MELIA. Fruit capsular, solitary, erect; androecium and Style short. 2. SWIETENIA. 1. MELIA L. Trees with variegated wood. Leaf-blades thrice unequally pinnate. Sepals 5 or 6. Petals 5 or 6. Staminal tube elongate, the lobes POLYGALACEAE 765 cleft. | Anthers sagittate. Stigma 3-6- lobed. Drupe coriaceous-fleshy. Seed not winged.—About 25 species, Asiatic. 1. M. Azedarach L. Tree becoming 15 m. tall (in M. Azedarach umbraculifera with an umbrella-like top): leaflets numerous; blades herbaceous, ovate, oval, or de -— 1 obed: flow and N. C. Nat. A favorite shade-tree about cabi One much used for cabinet-work. “Extensively turned and very showy when in flower.—Spr.—The leaves are deciduou 2. SWIETENIA Jacq. Trees, with hard wood. Leaf-blades once equally pinnate. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamin al-tube short, the lobes entire. Stigma id. Capsule woody. Seed winged.— Three species, 2 American and 1 African. 1. Mahagoni Jacq. Tree becoming 25 m. tall: leaflets 4-8; gees rae das. to ovate-lanceolate, 3-8 ong, zi D IAN MAHOGANY.) —Ham ocks, Ever- Keys to Cape Sable, pen. Fla. and lade DOC Florida Keys.—(W. I., C. A., S. A. )—Sum. vtt: —The source of the mahogan much used in sabe wou The leaves are persistent. OrpER POLYGALALES — POLYGALAL ORDER Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, some- times aes Flowers perfect. Perianth mostly irregular, each whorl ments often partially united. Anthers opening by terminal pores or cracks. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, or rarely of more. Fruit capsular. Famity 1. POLYGALACEAE — MinkwogT FAMILY Herbs, or rarely shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades mostly entire. Flowers solitary, spicate, or racemose, san Spe alyx of mostly 5 se epals, the inner petaloid. Corolla of 5, or often of 3, iul Buren united petals, the lower one keel-like. Androecium o amens, partially coherent with the petals. Anthers 1-celled. Capsule usually 2-seeded.—About 10 genera ini 1,000 species, ponen distributed. Corolla-keel blunt, crestless and beakless. 1. ASEMEIA. Corolla-keel appendaged, with a lobed er tufted crest. 766 POLYGALACEAE --Flowers axillary to leaf-like bracts: perennial plants with slender rootstocks. 2. TRICLISPERMA. Flowers in terminal D e racemes: annual plants, or perennials with tapr ea SR pot xr z ecu eeent on the pedicel: pedicels we not yellow: racemes not in ose. mant MEE less th a E the length of the keel: aril equi- , obscurely lobed. 3. GALYPOLA. ant Wings equalling the keel or exceeding it: aril 2-lobed. 4. POLYGALA. Sepals and petals decurrent on the pedicel: pedicels winged : flowers yellow or orange, or if white then cymose panicles Ct . PILOSTAXIS. 1. ASEMBIA Raf. Annual or Pb herbs, or shrubs. Leaves often alternate: blades broad or narrow. Raceme narrow, spike-like. Sepals per- gined. Seeds pubescent, the aril scarcely lobed.—About 20 species, mostly North Ameriean.—Spr.-fall or all year S.—CANDYWEEDS. POLYGALAS. Capsule much shorter than the wing Wings green or merely purple “tinged : cap ue broadly elliptic, UET narrowed at the base: wings slightly inequilater . A. grandiflora. Wings bright-purple ; e narrowly elliptic, gradually nar- rowed at the base: ngs very inequilateral, very oblique. 2. A. leiodes. Capsule as lone as the wings or longer. ature wines: suborbicular : capsule as long as the wings or slightly longer : keel 3. long. 9. A. cumulicola. Mature wings ae eane ai longer than the wings: keel 2-2.5 mm. long. . A. miamiensis. i. A. grandiflora (Walt.) Small. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, the stem finely, often closely pubescent: blades of the upper ee elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or a r nea a ing: flowers greenish or sometimes cs tinged: ppper hs doe Biol ovate, becom- long: mature wings 6-7 mm. and S. Ms bright rose-purple flowers growing inly in pen. Florida may represent a distinct species 2. A. leiodes (Blake) Small. Plant 2-4.5 dm. tall, the dis ba m T pustulate: blades of the upper leaves linear, typi ically narrowly so, or filiform linear: flowers pues usually dark-purple: upper pe become: p fus 2.5 mm. lon aoe ies 4.5-5.5 mm. long: sen T Poly? mm. long, much exceeded oi wings: m. l c o [en ed » fo c o | ct bo B H Š Ej mss as -u Q Ss Pa 3E o ae fu a umulicola Small. Plant 3-4 dm. tall, the stem finely and closely pubescent: blades of the lower ‘as spatul ate to linear- -spatulate, those of the upper leaves narrowly elliptic to linear-elliptie or narrowly linear-lanceo- POLYGALACEAE 767 late: flowers purple, often pale: upper en becoming 1.5-2 mm. long: mature wings broadly obovate, 4.5-5 mm. long: c i5 ule 4.5-5.5 mm. long: seed-body about 2 mm. long. [Polygala "Kragü (Fl . U. x FE. ASA mA Small.] —Coastal sand-dunes, lower eastern coast, m Fla A. miamiensis Small. Plant 3-4 dm. tall, the stem minutely pubescent: pare of the lower leaves spatulate to elliptie- spatulate, is of the upper leaves roe elliptic: ee pa a E upper sepal bee aing 1-1.5 mm long: matur wings obovate, 2.5-3 . long: capsule 3- 25m . long, exceed- ing the win m eed-body E ut 2 mm. long. [Polygala On Small.]— Everglades near "c source of the Miami River, Fla. 2. TRICLISPERMA Raf. Perennial caulescent herbs with elongate rootstocks. Leaves e DE the lower ones scale-like, the upper larger, approximate. Flowers of two kinds, X the petaliferous showy, c to en like bracts, rose-purple or rarely white, the eleistogamous ineonspieuous, borne on short basal M ui E eae conspicuous. Sepals filaments adnate to the two posterior petals. Stigma discoid, not lobed. Capsule 2-lobed. Seed with a prominently 3-lobed aril.—One species. ie r poe ins (Wild.) Nieuwl Plant 0.5-2 dm. tall: leaf-blades various, those of the er leaves seale- d those of the upper eig oval, or ovate: braets similar to the upper leaves: flowers rose-colored, ipi. rple, or white: sepals 4-6 mm. long: wings o to obovate, 10—18 ong: "keel gei as long as the wings, ihe claw longer than the PAN lateral AE 12-14 m long: on suborbieular or orbieular-obeordate, 5— wide, winge s the notched apex: seed ovoid, the body 2.5-3 mm. long, t Gu ear br lobes reaching nearly or quite to the base of the seed. [Poly du paueifolia illd.] — ( BIRD- -WING. aber FLOWERING-WINTERGREEN. idera d XR GALA. GaAY-WINGS.)—Moist woods and ravines, often in subacid "ii various ' provinces, N T of Coastal Plein Ga. to Ill, Man., Que., and Me.—Spr.-sum. ALYPOLA Nieuwl Annual eaulescent, slender, usually simple Leaves alternate, inconspicuous: blades very narrow, erect. Flowers n the base. Stamens 8, the filaments adnate, and united to the posterior petals. Stigma prominently 2-lobed. Capsule wingless, ob- scurely notched at the apex. Seed with an obscurely lobed aril.—One species. 768 POLYGALACEAE 1. G. incarnata (L.) Nieuwl Plant 2-7 dm. tall, the dire glaucous; blades of the upper leaves linear-subulate to subulate: flowe ers inly rose-purple, or Miu Ew sepal becoming 2-2.5 mm. long: m inde laneeolate to | spat 3—4 mm. long: keel 6-8 mm. long, the claw d than the body: nn pom 5-7 mm. long: capsule ovoid, 3-3.5 Ae notehed "i the ase: seed oval or oval- ovoid, the body about 2 mm. long, capped with the aril— S POOR TL LOWER. POLYGA E Baa dry woods, and prairies, in rather sterile soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Ont., and S N. Y.— (Mex z.) — — Sum. or all year S. 4. POLYGALA L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, oppo- site, or whorled: blades narrow or broa , herbaeeous or fleshy. Flowers in slender and spike-like or short and stout racemes. Sepals persistent, distinct. Wings persistent, petaloid; with usually broad blades. Keel about as ma as the wings, with a lobed appendage or tufted crest below the apex. Stam with the names united and usually adnate to the posterior petals. n broad, wingless or slightly winged. Seeds usually pubescent, the aril with 2 RM un ssed lobes.—About 400 species, widely distributed.—CANDY WEEDS. POLYGALA Leaves all altern Racemes elongate, interrupted or continuous: flowers persistent, and persistent fruits, not densely crowded. Wings an corolla white or greenish-white : plant per- ennial. I. SENEGAE. WE and corolla rose-purple: plant annual or bi- Plant biennial, with basal shoots bearing cleistoga- mous flow II. POLYGAMAE. Plant annual, "vitüiout basal shoots: no cleistoga- mous flow III. LEPTOCAULES. Racemes short and stout, not interrupted: flowers and 2 deciduous, leaving an. elongate scarred rachis, . a bristly rachis when t j PN are persistent, Leaves reduced to minute scale IV. SETACEAE. Leaves not scale-like. V. MARIANAE. Leaves, at Yeast at some of the nodes of the stem, whorled. Bracts persistent on the raceme-rachis after anthesis. VI. CRUCIATAE. Brac ts deciduous from the raceme-rachis after anthesis. VII. POTEINIANAR: . SENEGAE Perennial herb with stems tufted on a short caudex and stout root: stems scaly at the base: flowers inconspicuous. 1. P. Senega. II, POLYGAMAE wane Beers or oval, slightly longer than wide: about as wa od the ae or much longer: seed avold, sometimes n wly s Flowers long-pedicelled : ponies oe the bracts: wings much longer than Phe capsu 2. P. polygama. pu Pit ag dnd par. shorter than the bracts: gs t as long 3. P. aboriginum. Capsule elliptie, about Cie pU ires as wide: wings much Shorter than the capsule: seed cylindric. 4. P. Lewtonit. III. LEPTOCAULES Annual herb with very slender simple or sparingly branched Stems and narrow rans blades: flowers very small, in narrow continuous racemes b. P. leptocaulis. IV. SETACEAE Perennial slender herb with almost filiform inconspi icuously scaly stem and branches: flowers very small, in pale very ` dense racemes. 6. P. setacea. V. MARIANAE Flowers small: wings ao 4 mm. jns or less; capsule less than 3 mm. lon POLYGALACEAE 769 Bracts persistent on the raceme-rachis. Wi P oval to ovate: racemes usually acuminate at the tip. T. P. Chapmanii. Wings narrow, ds varying to broadest above the middle or bel it: racemes blunt or abruptly point ted at the Mature wings about 2 mm. long: capsule wider than long: seed about 1 mm. long. 8. P. Nuttallii. Mature wi ngs 3.5-4 mm. long: capsule longer than eed about 1.5 mm. long. 9. P. Curtissii. Bracts deciduous from the raceme-ra achis Mat wings not clawed: capsule slightly exceeded by os in 10. P. mariana. Mature wings clawed: capsule much exceeded by the : wings. 11. P. Harperi. Flowers large: wings becoming 5 mm. long or more: capsule over 3 mm. long. 12. P. viridescens. VI. Cruc Raceme loosely and rather sparsely bocca: pU to the apex: persistent bracts separate. 13. P. Hookeri. Raceme densely many-flowered, rounded or abruptly narrowed at the apex: persistent bracts clon fo ogether Mature wings ovate, abruptly pointed: sepals obtuse: 14. P. brevifolia. Mature wings hastate- deltoid, MA nate, sometimes cau- date-acuminate: sepals acu aceme manifestly Seguneled: mature wings much prey than wide, caudate-acuminate. 15. P. ramosior. sea oe sessile or nearly so: mature wings about as wide ong, abruptly short-acuminate. 16. P. cruciata. VII. BOYKINIANAE Pune perennial. aves whorled, at least up to the middle of the stem e^ eed HAA Jess than twice as long a s thick, rounded at the 17. P. Boykinii. aia slender, over twice as long as thick, acute at the 18. P. flagellaris eave: Pa noried only near the base of the stem. 19. P. praetervisa, Plant annual. Inter eee of the stem greatly elongate: seed fusiform, gla 20. P. leptostachys. Internodes of of = stem not greatly elongate: seed ovoid, Raceme Ce with the fruits persistent on the : s about as long as the capsule: seed-body about thrice as x as thick. 21. P. ambigua. i P thic Capsule about 1 mm. long: seed aaay pena 29. P. verticillata Capsule about 1.5 mm. long: seed hir 23. P. Pretzii, 1. P. pany L. EC 1-5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous or puberulent: blades of the r leaves linear to lanceolate, more or less serrulate (or ovate and distinctly serrulate and with lar mc psule .0—4. ng: seed .5 mm, long.—(SEN on) woods and rocky soil, often ane various provinces, Miss. to Ark., y, N. B, and N. C.—Spr.—The roots are sometimes used medicinally. . P. polygama Walt. Plant 1-5 dm. e stem glabrous: leaves mot ud 49 770 POLYGALACEAE blades spatulate to elliptic-oblanceolate or linear: idu minute: flowers iud purple to pink, = white: ae sepal oe 2-2.5 mm. long: mature wings obovate, 3-6 m pues ra ong, the claw shorter than Rs bod: lateral petals 3-4 m erie capsule de orbicular-ova ong: seed ovoid, about 2. 5i mm. long.—-Acid sandy soil, pns is po pulus a various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Man., aid N. S.—Spr.- 3. P. aboriginum Small. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, s stem glabrous: leaves alter- nate; blades elliptic-spatulate to narrowly elliptie: e ers mainly pink, some- t 1.5 mm. long: mature mm. long elaw shorter than the body: lateral petals about 2.5 mm. long: capsule oval and somewhat quadrate, about 3.5 mm. long: seed narrowly obovoid or slightly ‘cylindric. obovoid, about 3 mm. long.—Hammocks, coastal sand-dunes, S of Coronado, Fla —Spr. 4. P. Lewtonii Small. Plant 1-2 dm. tall the stem glabrous: leaves in clusters; bc spatulate to Epod uen flowers mainly deep-pink: upper sepa al becom ing 1.5-2 mm. long: wings rhombic-obovate, 4—5 mm. long: keel zc 3.5 mm. long, the claw um as y long as the body: lateral petals oe 3 m ong: capsule Pei a about 5 mm. long: seed cylindric, 3-3.5 m hes D scrub, C Fla.—Spr.-sum. 5. P. leptocaulis T. & G. Plant 2-6 dm. tall, the stem very slender, the branches almost i upper leaves scie or filiform: flowers pale-purple or pinkish: upper pile ee e mm. long: mature wings spatulate, elliptic-obovate, or elliptic, 1.5-2 B keel about 1.5 mm, lon ng; the claw much shorter than the ae C HEUS elliptic, about 1.5 mm. long: .seeds elliptie-ovoid, fully 1 mm. long. [P. paludosa (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]—Sandy cani low pinelands, and pil Dunes Coastal Plain, Miss. to Tex.—(W. I., Mex . 4.) —Spr.- . Setacea Michx. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous, pale-gre en: leaf- blades mere subulate scales: Hem: pinkish or r whitish: ed ud sepal becoming 1- 1.5 mm. long: mature de narrowly obovate, about 2 mm. long, usually abruptly pointed: keel bon 2m uM pda ise 1.5-2 mm. long: capsule deltoid- ovate, about 1.5 mm. long: seed 1 m ong with a globose- ovoid body, a slender tip.—Low pinelands, "Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.-sum. or all year P. Chapmanii T. & G. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, the stem pase: blades of the upper leaves narrowly linear or “tinea subu late: flowers pale-purple or purplis sh: upper sepal p 1.5 mm. long: wings ovate or oval, 2.5-3 mm. ong: keel about 2 Ps ong; the aw as oe as Al body or longer: eapsule suborbieular, fully 1 long: seed 1-1.5 mm. long, with a ana body and a slender us puc i Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.—Spr.— 8. P. Nuttallii T. & G. Plant 1-2.5 dm. tall, the stem usually i pubescent below: blades of the lower leaves linear-spa atulate, ‘those of the n ones nar- rowly linear: flowers purple, purplish, or greenish: upper sepal becoming 1 mm. long: mature wings a or elliptic. Sn cold 2-2.5 mm. long: keel about E long as the w s lateral pe etals about 2 mm. long: capsule about 1.5 mm. ong: seed about ong, ovoid, with a short stout tip.—Pinelands, sand- d old-fields, md È ad ofte en in acid soil, various provinces, Ala. to Miss., Pa., Mass. . and N. um 9. P. Curtissii A. Gray. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: blades of the lower leaves spatulate, those ^ the upper ones linear: flowers rose-purple, POLYGALACEAE 771 bright-pink, or white: upper ui becoming 1.5-2 du Eu rer wings e to ovate- iid, ie, 3.5-4 mm. long: E about 2.5 . long: seed 1.5 mm. long, with an ovoid body a slender tip. [P. Hugeri Small. 1— SB UTTON- ao — Woods, hows banks, ledg es, pinelands, and sandy barrens, various M. Ga. and Ala. to Ky. an d Pa. —Sum.—fall. -—Ascends to 4,000 feet in . C., its size and vigor increasing “with the altitude. E. mariana Mill. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: blades of the er pde d eae those of the upper ones linear: flowers pink or Purple: da sepal fully 1 mm. long: mature wings ovate to elliptie, 2.5-3 mm. long: keel nearly as lon ng as the wings: lateral petals about 3 mm. long: e about 2 mm. long: seed fully 1 mm. long, with an ovoi id body and short stout tip —Pinelands, NER savannas, and puse various provinces, Fla. to Tex. Ark., and N. S.—Sum.-fall. 11. P. Harperi Small. Plant 1.5-4 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: ps of ps lower leaves spatulate, those of the upper odd Esa pe o linear o : m E . : mm : Mi elliptic, about 4 mm. long: capsule 1.5-2 mm. Es : seed about 1 mm long, with an ovoid ecl and short stout tip.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga.—Spr.- 19. P. viridescens L. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: blades of the lower leaves spatulate, xd: of the upper ones linear to een elliptic: flowers reddish-purple, green, white: upper sepal Er d 2 . long: mature wings broadly ovate, 5 n. long or more: keel 2.5-3 m zione pen petals much shorter re the wings: le fully 3 mm. long: d fully 1.5 m with ovoid bodies and stout t P. ~ a Dry woods, HER m S and ees various oe S. C. , Okla., Ont., and N. S.— Sum 13. P. Hookeri T. & G. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: blades of the hh wer ie short-spatulate, those of the upper ones linear- -spatulate to linear: flowers pink: upper sepa d E 1.5 mm. long: mature wings m lanceolate or ovate, about 3 m ong: capsule about 2 mm. long: seed ‘ully 1 mm. long, ovoid, minutely pue —Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, W Fla. to Tex.—Sum.-fall. P. brevifolia Nutt. Plant 1-6 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: blades of the lower leaves obovate, those of the upper ones oblanceolate, linear, or narrowly elliptic: ous ro ose- purple: upper sepal suborbicular, becoming fu ully 1.5 mm. long, ciliate: mature wings ovate to ovate-oblong, 3-4 mm. long, aeute or slightly acuminate: capsule orbicular or orbicular- reniform, about 2 mm. long: seed about 1.5 mm. long, ovoid, with a very minute tip.—Acid sandy swamps, Coastal Plain and New ‘ngland Coast, Fla. to Miss. and R. I.—Spr.—fall. 15. P. ramosior (Nash) Small. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: T of the lower leaves obovate or spatulate, those of the u upper ones narrowly spatulate P linear-spatulate, thick: flowers light-purple or dark-pu d | rarely white: Aou Vu becom ming 1.5 mm. long: mature wings o much longer than Cun dia LE ea eapsule about 2.5 mm. long: seed oval, less t tiet n T's lon I. iata ramosior Nash. |]— a pinelands and swamps, Coastal Plain and PAD adj provinees, Fla. to La. and N. C.— Sum.-fall or all year S 16. P. cruciata L. Plant 0.5-2 dm. “tall, the stem glabrous or nearly so: blades of the lower leaves spatulate:or obovate, those of the upper ones spatu- late to linear-spatulate, thinnisb: pem rose-purplish or greenish: upper sepal 172 . POLYGALACEAE not ciliate, oe about 1.5 mm. long: mature wings deltoid or hastate- deltoid, 3. 5—4 mm. Hn ong, Aire short-acuminate: eapsule 2 mm. long: seed less th. 9 long, oval- prs —(DRUM-HEADS.)—Acid bogs and wet meadows, various ates Ga. to La., Minn., and Mass.—Sum.—fall. 17. P. Boykinii Nutt. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf- aed various, those of the lower leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate, those of the upper ones linear-lanceo- late to linea ee dd ers white or gree eenish-white: bod sepal becoming nearly 1.5 mm. long: ure a suborbicular, 2.5-3 mm. long: keel 2-2.5 mm. long: capsule SD US as t 3 mm. lon uds om ovoid, nearly 2.5 mm. ong.— Woods, river-bank S, prairies, and pinelands, often in n caleareous Soils, Coastal Plain 'and adj. m “Fla. to La. aid Ga.—Spr.— 18. P. praetervisa Chodat. Plant erect, 3-6 dm. tall or with partly de- cumbent branches: leaves in few whorls near the base of the stem, the upper scattered; blades of the lower leaves obovate ps i those of the upper ones laneeolate to linear-subulate, often almost s e: flowers greenish or greenish-white: upper sepal be ecomin ming 1.5 mm. ine: mature poss oval to suborbicular-oval, cri 2.0 mm. long: keel 2-2.5 mm. long: capsule oval- elliptie, about 2 mm. long: seed narrowly ovoid, n than 2 mm. long.— lands and inicie lower Florida Keys.—All yea c P. flagellaris Small. Plant with decumbent or prostrate branches 2-8 m. long: leaves mostly in whorls, only a few near the inflorescence scattered ; blades of the m diis dis or broadly: spatulate, those of the upper y 80, in : ded seta fully 15 mm. long: mature wings oval to obovate, 3 mm. lon so: keel 2.5-3 mm. long: capsule elliptic, fully 2.5 mm. long: seed cylindric. ovoid, about 2 mm. long.—Pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla.—All year. 20. P. s pad Shuttlw. Plant 1.5 dm. tall: leaves in distant whorls; bo e 2 mm. seed fusiform, about 1.5 mm. long.—Sandhills and pos elands, Coastal Plain, a. to Miss.—Spr._sum.—Seed glabrous or usually s 21. P. ambigua Nutt. Plant 1-3 og tall, ae a erect or nearly so: ` Suborbieular, short-clawed: keel 1.5 mm. long: ot nas suborbicular to broadly ovate, fully 15 m m. long: seed ovoid, 1.5 mm. long.—Woods, slopes, pastures, and roadsides, various provinces, Ga. ‘to La. Okla. Mich., an nd Me.—Sum. 22. P. verticillata T Plant 0.5-2 dm. tall, the branches more or less spread- do: pn le or green: upper sepal becoming abou o a 2 mm. lon lades ovate to D or EEA ovate: keel out 1.5 mm. long: capsule broadly elliptic to ovate-elliptie, 2 mm. long: seed ovoid, nearly 1.5 mm. long. PES. i e roadsides, and woods, various prov- inces, Fla. to Tex., Man., and Que.—S 23. P. Pretzii Pennell. Plant 1—4 dm. tall, the i rii bed sae ascendin blades of the lower leaves vide ri eet BA raga "od s upper ones narrower: flowers mainly white or pinkis 0.6—0.8 mm 1 bee long, mature wings about 1. 5 mm. long; "blades ure n md clawed: keel POLYGALACEAE 773 about as long as the wings, often apnd vdd ovate, fully 1.5 mm. long: seed narrowly ovoid, about 1.5 m ong.—Pastures, open woods, and sandy slopes, various provinces, W. Tenn. PS Mich. and Me. —Sum.—fall. 5. PILOSTAXIS Raf. Annual or biennial caulescent somewhat succulent herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes mainly basal: blades entire. Flowers a alike, borne in single or corymbosely paniculate dene spike-like racemes, yel- h low or orange, or rarely whitish or greenish. ings conspicuous. Sepals (and wings) persistent. Corolla about as as i tamens with the l united an nat the posterior petals. Capsule obovate, sub- 0 oid, oval, or globular, sometimes with an aril.—Represented only by the tubis species.—POLYGA Racemes solitary at the end of the stem or terminating branches, not in terminal cymes. Wings bn ate: seed with ae apical appendages 1/3—1/4 as long as the seed- : sepals long and narr Keel carved over the Seas pom pistil, but prolonged as a straight fringe, with the fringes nearly as long as the body : petals C e p d CUBES eel. Keel arched over the stamens and DES as a hood, entire: 2. P. arenicola. endage Mature wings 6.5-7.5 mm. long, 3 m mm. wide or less: capsule about 1.5 mm; wide: seed less than. 1.5 mm. long: raceme orange-yello 3. P. lutea. Mau ned 8-9 mm. long, over 3 mm. wide: capsule ee e: seed fully 1.5 mm. long: raceme lem slo 4. P. Rugelii. Racemes iü terminal compound cymes. acemes yellow. ur. ngs R upper sepal acuminate: capsule orbicu- P. ramosa. al. Wings acide: Hpper sepal acute: capsule didymous: seed ovoid-globose Racemes white or greenish-w white. wie 2nd Bsa plage acuminate: capsule less than 1.5 : seed less than 0.5 mm. wide. 7. P. Baldwinii. Wings and. upper sepal c E capsule fully 1 mm. wide: seed over 0.5 mm. wide. 8. P. Carteri. P. nana (Michx.) Raf. Plant 0.5—1.5 dm. tall: leaf-blades o ned Paci so: raceme green 7 go upper NE laneeolate or ovate lance 5—6 mm. long d een: or V 6. P. cymosa. ps AC —Pinelands and occa- nally upland woods, Coastal Plain and LM B provinees, Fla. to La., and S. C.—AIl yea beak. [Polygala mana (Michx. UTTON.)— 2. P. arenicola Small. Plant 0.2-0.5 dm. tal: leaf-blades oblanceolate to linear- oblanceolate: raceme yellow-green: upper sepal lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, acumin mature A lanceolate, ae 7 mm epee mone jas -acuminate: capsul about 1.5 mm. wide: seed about 2 mm. long, the body ellipsoid, tipped with 174 POLYGALACEAE a stout curved beak. [Polygala arenicola Small.]—Pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla.—All year. 3. P. lutea (L.) Small. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades various, those of the o l to ost linear: upper sepals becoming 2 mm. lon a ovate raceme Mec ee nae mature wings elliptic iua obovate- -elliptic, ae mm long, cuspidate: capsule about 1.5 mm. lon ess than 1.5 mm. long, ape ata with a minute M Eu id lutea L. (Bo OG BACHELOR” S- po CANDYWEED. WILD BACHE N.)—Low pinelands and sandy bogs, often : in acid soil, Coastal Plain, "Fla. D La. and N. Y.—Spr.-sum. 4. -bl of the lower leaves spatulate, those of the upper m “oblanes olate to lan late: raceme lemon-yellow: upper sepal becoming 2.5 m m. long, broadly eae: mature wings obovate to elliptic or Sree lanceolate, 8- 9 mm . long, cuspidate: capsule over 1.5 mm. wide: seed fully 1.5 mm. long, ellipsoid, with a minute tip. [Polygala oo Shuttlw. P. Reynoldsiae ag pe c BACHE- LOR ’S-BUTTON.)—-Low pin elands, swamps, and ponds, pen —Spr.—fall—A hot infusion of this plant is drunk by the Seminoles, in cases of snake-bite. 5. P. ramosa (Ell) Small. Plant 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades various; those of the ee leaves spatulate or obovate, those of the upper ee oblanceolate to linea e lemon-yellow: upper sepal ovate, becoming mm ae wings ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long, acuminate: capsule abo i E wi “ide. seed pubescent, oval, fully 05 mm. lon ng, minutely tipped. [Polygala ramosa Ell. leary pinelands, acid swamps, marshes, and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. J.—Sum.-fall. P. cymosa (Walt.) Small. Plant 4-12 dm. tall: leaf- Ln various, those of the lower leaves linear, those of the Ma narrowly line raceme lemon- yellow: upper s ey orbieular- da becoming 2 mm. uc n wings oval or somewhat e ps 5—4 mm. long, mucronate: ea e didymous, bains 1 mm. long, fully . wide ‘seed glabrous, he nearly 1 mm. long. [Polygala c pie “Walt —Pincland i nU meadows, and acid eypress um) Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Del.—Spr.—fall.—The fra eia pcne common to the Arun species seems 6 be pred from the roots of this de PS ees (Nutt.) Small. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades is those of the lower leaves spatulate to obovate, those of the upper leaves narrowly spatulate to lance - ate: ra an e blunt, white: upper sepal pu ehe be- coming 2.5 mm. long, a nate: mature wings ovate-lanceo n to narrowly 1 Or slightly Duc edu) nearer 3 ee . long, acuminate: capsule less than l mm. wide: seed ovoid, 0.5-0.7 mm. long. [Polygala Baldwinii utt. |— (WHITE BACHELOR 'S-BUTT "ON. )—Low ud and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—Sum 8. P. Carteri Small. Plant 1-5.5 dm. tall: leaf-blades various, those of the lower leaves spatulate, Dio of the upper linear- rs to almost linear: raceme acute, greenish: upper sepal ovate, becoming 2 mm. long, cuspidate: mature wings elliptic, sometimes broadly so, about 4 mm. long, abruptly i ully 1 mm. ] ln 1 ; . | Carteri Small.] —Low pinelands and prairies, Everglade Keys, e Big Cypress Swamp, S pen. Ila. and lower Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—All yea ORDER EUPHORBIALES — EUPHORBIAL ORDER Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes aquatic or amphibious, but mainly terrestrial, commonly with milky juice. Leaves various, sometimes re- EUPHORBIACEAE 719 duced to scales, or almost wanting. Flowers mainly monoecious or dioe- eious, regular. Calyx of several sepals. Corolla of several petals, or often wanting. Androecium of more than one stamen, except when the staminate flowers are Sag cred: over the inside of an involucre. Filaments distinct or united into a column. Anthers opening by longitudinal or transverse valves. Gynoecium of 2, 3, or 4, or rarely more, united carpels, superior. Styles, or stigmas, usually distinct and cleft or Pp d. united by pairs in VOU IUNE: Ovules 1, 2, or 3 in each e capsular, achene-like, drupaceous or ae Seeds often “carunedlat, Po or stigmas distinct or mainly so, cleft or foliaceous: ovary 3-celled or rarely E r 2-celled : stamens several, except when on the .1. EUPHORBIACEAE. nsi ide of an involucre Fam Styles united by pairs: ovary 4 celled : stamen solitary. Fam. 2. CALLITRICHACEAE. Famity 1. EUPHORBIACEAE — Spurce FAMILY | Herbs, shrubs, or trees, often with milky sap. Leaves opposite, whorled, or alternate: blades s simple and entire, toothed or lobed, or com- poun owers monoecious or dioecious, solitary or variously duet or much reduced and in an involucre ( horbia and related des Calyx of 2-several sepals or obsolete. Corolla of 2-sever tals or al p wanting. Androecium of few-many stamens. Fruit depressed o “ehtiy elongate.—About 250 genera and 4,000 species, widely distributed. Flowers not in an involucre: calyx of several sepals. A and seeds, 2 n each gynoecium- cavity. I. ANDRACHNEAE. ing: 3. Plants monoecious or rarely dioecious: ovary 3- celled : fruit Se area or baccate. n dioecious : : ovary 1- or 2- celled : fruit dru- II. PHYLLANTHEAE, III. DRYPETEAE. Ovules, nd. Fe) solitary in each gyn oecium-cav Flowers, either staminate or pistillate, or both; in more or less on gate spikes or racemes, the pistillate basa Corolla Breen s either. staminate or pistillate flowers, or in both e (except in Croton Stamens 5 to m ny: filaments distinct. IV. CROTONEAE. Stamens 10 or ten er: filaments monadelphous, V. DITAXEAE. Corolla wanting. noecium 2-carpellary: styles 2: sepals dis- tinct: herbs. Gynoecium 3-several-carpellary : styles 3-sev- VI. MERCURIALEAE ral, ium a AEN and ons it Stamens 8-16 VII. ACALYPHEAE. Stamens 1-5. Sepals valvate in the bud. VIII. TRAGIEAE. epals imbricate in the bud. IX. HIPPOMANEAE. PONE either the staminate or the pistillate, or , in cymes or corymbs, or in open racemes. Leaf-blades not peltate: filaments not repeatedly brane rl borne in TorkinE cym X. ADENOROPIEAE. lowers borne in racemes or Don XI. MANIHOTEAE. Leaf-blades peltate : fil dun eet branded: XII. RICINEAE. KONT ^ ee S: ms RE ed by a minute scale e base of a filam E pedicel: involucre and , co HR. simulating a XIII. EUPHORBIEAE. Involucre regular or n ete 80, not naan Involucre oblique and very irregula XIV. PEDILANTHEAE. 776 EUPHORBIACEAE " oap iei AE Evergreen dioecious shrubs flowers axillary, the staminate sessile, the pistillate pedicelled. II. PHYLLANTHEQF Androecium and .£ynoecium surrounded by a disk at the base. Anthers opening horizontally : fruit capsular. ios bium e zm ng branches dilated, leaf-like, leafless or lower: bea a branches not dilated, leafy. Anthers opening vertically : fruit baccate. ag tc and gynoecium not surrounded by a disk at the l III. DRYPETEAE Evergreen shrubs or trees. V. Cro pets p x ed or pe 2-celled, 3-lob Led 2-lobe ed, dehiscent: flowers e lusters, Spikes, or a Ovary 1- Nai capsule 1- celled, achene-like, indehiscent: flow- ers sc I Ovary 3-celled or rarely 2-celled: or V. DITAXEAE style once branched: petals distinct. Style several times branched : petals united at the base. VI. MERCURIALEAE Annual (or perennial) herbs. VII. ACALYPHEAE Annual 2 perennial monoecious or rarely dioecious herbs, or shru owers in axillary or terminal spikes or spike-like race fias the pistillate flowers subtended by lobed bracts: stigmas much branched. VIII. TRAG Perennial monoecious herbs, with Eee or acacia stems, pu- bescent with often stinging hairs . HIPPOMANEAE Gynoecium 3-carpellary, or rarely 2-carpellary Styles 3, or rarely 2 (Sapium) : fruit dehiscent. Receptacle with 3 horn-like projections under the capsule. Se with a central column. Calyx of the staminate flower p (Sapium) : ynoecium 3-earpellary: stigma 9: stamens usually 3 Capsule dry: leaf-blades seed with a caruncle: ase. Capsule fle eed wit IG t a caruncle: leaf- blades biglandular at the base. eium 2-carpellary: stigmas 2: stamens 2. js noe Calyx wanting or rudimentary. . Gnóscium- b- 8-carpellary: styles 6-8: fruit indehiscent. X. ADENOROPIEAE Petals wanting: stamens 10 or more: calyx corolloid. Petals present: stamens 10 or fewer: calyx not corolloid. |. XI. MANIHOTEAE PE SEEDS; shrubs, or rarely trees, with usually large tuberous XII. RICINE Annual herbs, or shrubs or O with large a anes lobed leaf-blades: capsule echin XIII. EUPHORBIEAE Herbs, annual or perennial, unarmed, artly woody plan Glands of the involucres with petal-like eapendeecs. Giese sometimes much reduce mare all | ORDOGI leaf-blades inequilateral, oblique at t Leaves alternate or scattered at least below the in- scence: stem topped by an umbel. fod Os p an n 12. 14. 23. 24. SAVIA. XYLOPHYLLA, . PHYLLANTHUS. CICCA. . BREXNIA. . DRYPETES. CROTON. CROTONOPSIS. . CAPERONIA. . MERCUBRIALIS. ACALYPHA. TRAGIA. STILLINGIA. . SEBASTIANA. . TRIADICA. SAPIUM. ? GYMNANTHES. . HIPPOMANE, . BIVONEA. . ADENOROPIUM,. . JATROPHA, RICINUS. CHAMAESYCE, EUPHORBIACEAE 711 Annual or biennial: stipules narrow: bracts petal- lik 25. LEPADENA. Perennial: stipules none: bracts not petal-like. 26. TITHYMALOPSIS, Glands of the involucres without a -like ep panera en- tirely naked, sometimes with crescent-like h Stem topped by an umbél: "rb none: involücres in open cymes, each with 4 glands and entire or toothed lobes. 27. GALARHOEUS. Stem not topped by an umbel: stipules gland-like volucres in cluster-like cymes, each with a op gland or rarely 4 glands and WR So lobes 28. POINSETTIA. Shrubs with fleshy eactus-like branches, spine- deme" 29. EUPHORBIA. XI PEDILANTHEAE Fleshy plants with enel many Siem, the involucres clustered at the ends of bra 30. PEDILANTHUS. 1. SAVIA Willd. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades thick, entire. Flowers green, dioecious; the staminate densely clustered, with 5 broad rounded sepals an in pet atal broadened upward: stamens 5, exserted. Pistillate ig. soli- tary or few together, with 5 sepals and 5 nearly similar petals: ovary = acd: styles 2-parted. Capsule depressed.—About 6 species, West Indian. 1. S. bahamensis Britton. Shrub or small tree, the bark pale- gray or whitish: pri blades typically obovate, varying to nar- rowly obovate or oval-obovate, 2-5 cm ione. pale-green, shining above, glabrous, "short- d stamin da^ flower with orbicular- e sepals abou . long and cuneate ~ y thin pee shorter than ok sepals: pistillate fower with d orbicular pee T bd about 2 mm. long: capsule spheroidal, 5—6 m lo seed 4— g.—(MAIDEN-BUSH. a= eA lower Florida Keys — — (Bah.)— 2. XYLOPHYLLA L. Shrubs or small trees, with flattened leaf-like, usually. distichous, branchlets. Leaves minute or obsolete. Flowers green, borne clusters along the margins of the leaf-like branchlets. Staminate flowers mostly with 6 sepals and 3 stamens. Pistil- late flowers mostly with 6 sepals and a 4—10 cm. nate flower 1-1.5 mm. long: capsule 4-5 road. [X. Epiphyllanthus (Fl. Da S.) ]—(Sworp-BusH. )— ocks, Key —(W. I.)—This p ONE species are cultivated for ornament in warm countries. a 3. PHYLLANTHUS L. Herbs or partly woody plants. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers apetalous, green or purple-tinged. Staminate flowers with 5 778 EUPHORBIACEAE or 6 d aa usually 3 stamens. Pistillate flowers with 5 or 6 sepals and a 3-celled o Fruit eapsular.—About 60 species, mostly in tropical regions. Calyx of de pistillate flower about as peti as that of the staminate, at anthesis, or only slightly larger; sepals sc arcely accrescent in fruit. Stems solitary from a slender root, sometimes branched at e Meis I. CAROLINENSES. Stems eral or many from a thick woody root. II. PENTAPHYLLI. Calyx of the pistillate flower much larger than that of the staminate, conspicuously accrescent. III. PLATYLEPIDES. CAROLINENSES Stem herbaceous: annual herbs. Branches erect or ascending. Mature Led sepals broadly linear to broadly spat- dud calyx much wider than the capsule: seed about JOUER: 1. P. carolinensis. Mature pistiliate sepals broadly ovate to broadly obo- vate c wide as the capsule or slightly wider: eed m h less a hah 1 mm. long. 2. P. pruinosus. Branches recurved epreadia Staminate sepals longer than ides calyx of the pistil- late flower not reaching the middle of the capsule, P. Niruri. 8 late flower reaching above the middie of the capsule. 4. A lathyroides. Stem woody: short-lived shrub. 5. P. Garberi. II. PENTAPHYLLI Stems tufted on the root, slender-wiry: leaves numerous and ete on the short branche es : flowers usually approxi- 6. P. pentaphyllus. III. PLATYLEPIDES Stems solitary or several from the thickened root: flowers few, borne in the upper leaf-axils, rather r long-pedicelled. T. P. platylepis. 1. P. carolinensis Walt. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: leaf-blades a to elliptic “obovate, rather viera narrowed to the base: staminate calyx 1.5-2 mm. wide; sepal suborbicu Siue (e pistillate caly yx 2.5 wide; ee ian linear to pens ED uae [cns bout 2 mm. wide. — Woods, river-banks, and ape various p Fla. to Tex. Mo., and Pa.—(JF. 1.)—8Spr. —fal 2.. P. pruinosus Poepp. Plant 0.5-3.5 dm. tall: leaf-blades cuneate to obovate, ab- ruptly mae at the base: staminate ealyx 1.5-2 mm. wide; er puc mature pistillate calyx. wide; sepals broadly o pod to "broadly “obovate: capsule about 1.5 mm. wide. [P. saxicola Small ]—Low paces and e Everglade Keys, Fla. and the Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—All year. ruri L. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf- p ae elliptic or nearly s rounded at the base: staminate calyx 1-1.5 mm. wide; sepals orbicular- Dat mature pistillate oo ab wide; se pes linear to linear-ovate: capsule de Fy a and waste-places, pen. and the , Mes., C. A., S. A.)—All year.—Sometimes used medicinally. 4. P. lathyroides H.B.K. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf- kn thinnish, ben to obovate, acute or obtuse at the base: staminate calyx 1 mm. wide sepals flabellate or reniform: mature ae calyx 2 mm. a sepals ma to oval: capsule about 2.5 mm. wide. ocks, S pen. Fla —(W . I., Mez., C. 8. A.) —All year. EUPHORBIACEAE 779 P. Garberi Small. Plant 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades pU. D some- times narrowly so, or linear-elliptic: staminate c s a ut 2 wide; sepals: ovate to orbicular-ovate: mature vistillate ealyx 3 mm. de seal elliptic to ovate: capsule 2.5-3 mm. wide. [P. pid más (Fl. SE. U. 8.) ]-—Coastal sand-dunes, pen. Fla. and the "Keys.—All yea 6. P. pentaphyllus C. Wright. Plant 0.5—4 dm. tall: ne blades thinnish, mainly cuneate, often inequilateral: a calyx 1.5 mm vide; sepals sub- orbicular : mature eas calyx a about 3 mm. wide; sepals bote to elliptie: ha eapsule less than mm us vide. Pinelands, ‘Brerglade Keys, Fla. and lower Florida oye AF. IL )—AW yea y = E Sane Plant 1.5-4 dm. tall: leaf-blades obovate ie sna abo re obovate: staminate calyx ut 3 mm. wide; sepals elliptic to obova Pistillate ealyx abou 6 mm. wide; b suborbieular to rhom d Oct i abruptly pointed: capsu ule 4-5 mm. wide.—Low hammocks, Gulf Hammoe k region, W pen. Fla.—A1l year 4. CICCA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers similar to those of Phyllanthus, but with vertically opening anther-saes. Fruit baecate.— About 12 species, tropical. icha L. Shrub or small tree, the ves various, base of th branchlets with suborbicular to orbicular- ovate bla se em. lon hose abov them with larger ovate to. elliptic- Cr at nee larger sepals suborbicul orbicular-obovate, 1.5-2 mm. long: 2 em. bro GOOSEBERRY. GOOSEBERRY-TREE. )— aads and waste-places, A T. Fi. ‘aa Florida Keys. Nat I. (W. I.)—AM MEA Plants usually Ta an cQ abundanee of fru These are light-green and ls They are used for making pies, i and wine. The root and leaves are medicinal. 5. BREYNIA Forst. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades broad, entire. Flowers solitary in the axils, or the staminate few together. Stam- inate flower with a turbinate calyx- -tube an anthers e vertically. Pistillate flower with a short, broad calyx-tube and 6 very- broad mirc te lobes: overy 3-celled: styles very t LS s 2-lobed. Berry de- pre a iP 15 species, natives of Asia and Oceania. osa (W. J. Smith) Small. Shrub with eins and d pape stems, the branches dark-red: es somewhat distichously spreading ; blades oval, varying te or obovate, green and white, varie- 780 EUPHORBIACEAE gated with red and pink; d calyx about 3 mm. Bie the lobes shallow: pistillate calyx 8—10 mm , the lobes reniform: capsule 9-12 mm. broad.— (SNOWBUSH. )—Pinelands Me waste-places. ia aen ‘Keys, la.—Nat. of South Sea Islands, and cult—(W. I.)—A11 yea ery ornamental hedge- plant in pen. Florida. The leaves are well- bra ui mottled with white. The flowers are mainly greenish and inconspicuous. . DRYPETES Vahl Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire or undulate- toothed. Flowers apetalous, green or brownish. Staminate flowers in rather dense clusters, with 4—8 sepals and 4-16 stamens. Pistillate flowers few in a cluster, with 4—8 sepals and a 1—2-celled ovary. Fruit a berry or a drupe.— About 10 species, West Indian and South American Sepals 4: gynoecium 2-carpellary: drupe subglobose, less than DT E Sepals 5: gynoecium 1-earpellary: drupe elongate, over 15 mm. . 2n long. 2. D. diversifolia. 1. D. lateriflora (Sw.) Krug & Urban. Shrub, or tree becoming 10 m. tall, with tuam bark: leaf- blades elliptie Or nearly so: stamens 4: drupe 9-11 mm. di re (GUIANA- -PLUM. ) — o unos Eds. Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys.— (W. I.)—Fall-wint.—The sap-wood is yel- low; the dark-brown heart-wood, close- gr aine ed, heavy, hard, but brittle, is used in cabinet- work. = - E Krug & Urban. cns tree beco 12 m. tall wit milk- white reece bak naa blades oblong elliptic or oval: 8: dru em. long, ripe in fall. [D. i li Erg & Urban]—(WnurrEWwOoOD.) —Hammocks, Cape Sable region, Fla. an Florid Key — ( )—Spr.—The sap-wood is yello brown; ; the brown and yellow streaked heart-wood, close-grained, heavy, hard, but brittle, i is used in cabinet-work. 7. CROTON L. Shrubs or herbs. Leaf-blades nea ie as or lobed. Flowers mostly green, usually c or racemose. inate flower with 4-6, usually 5, sepals, small, often rudimentary, petals ieu. with Modes and 6—many stamens, fie less. Pistillate flower with 5—10 sepals, usually no petals and a 3-celled ovary. Fruit a eapsule.—A bout 650 species, widely dis- tributed in warm and tropical regions. Staminate and pistillate flowers with petals. I. ALABAMENSES. Staminate flowers with nu i both staminate and pistil- late flowers without Petals present in the staminate flowers, wanting or rudi- ntary Plant with scaly foliage. II. ARGYXRANTHEMI. Plant with stellate-pubescent foliage. Pistillat 2 n mostly not accrescent : leaf-blades jojo with blades of an ovate or elliptic type, III. FRUTICULOSI. Le pate with blades of a linear or narrowly elliptic type. IV. LINEARES. Pistillate calyx mostly accrescent: leaf-blades oothed or entire. V. GLANDULOSI. eius wanting in both the staminate and the pistillate ers, VI. PUNCTATI. EUPHORBIACEAE 781 I. ALABAMENSES Evergreen shrub, with leaf-blades fe ee es ` 1. C. alabamensis. II. ARGYRANTH Perennial herb, the stem often branched at the ped leaves, beneath, and inflorescence silvery-scaly. 2. C. argyranthemus. II. FRUTICULOSI Shrub with slender branches: leaves with very slender . petioles, the blades of an ovate or elliptic type. 3. C. Berlandieri. IV. LINEARE Leaf-blades narrowly linear, glabrate above, oeque cent beneath. 4. C. linearis. Leaf- blades narrowly elliptie to broadly linear, stellate E above, white-pubescent beneath. 5. C. Fergusonii. V. GLANDULOSI Leaves with prominently toothed blades Calyx, and capsule, FID TOUS or merely with few short appressed stellate hair 6. C. floridanus. a and E USD pub cent with long hirsute or hispid anchin Leaf-blades E shallowly crenate to shallowly serrate. Se i one minutely punctate, dull: leaf-blades 1. C. arenicola. Seed. oval or ovoid, smooth n ane leaf- . €. glandulosus. . C. miquelensis. (v ^ Hn m ct (D o A o~“ Lar | [t] OR ete PS un O rj H to c «o0 Lower ‘eaves with lanceolate, oval, or ovate blades : sepal s not hooded. Petioles long: tomentum of inflorescence pur- lish. 10. C. capitatus. Petioles short: tomentum of inflorescence yel- ‘lowish. 11. C. Engelmannii. Lower leaves with linear or linear-lanceolate blades: sepals hooded. 12. C. Elliott. p flowers early drooping from the base of the 13. C. monanthogynus. VI. PUNCTATI Plant perennial, more or less woody: leaves stout pe etioled. 14. C. punctatus. Plant annual, herbaceous: leaves with slender petioles. 15. C. texensis. 1. C. alabamensis E. A. Smith. Shrub 2-3 m. tall: leaf-blades evergreen, e to elliptic-lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, green and glabrate above, elothed ben with silvery pipiens er: scales —2 mm, i pom scaly without; du edd 5: rs sule euren lon us oval, long.—River rbluffs of sue, Tus ie and Bibb and li pu d. ia Plateau, Ala.—Spr. C. argyranthemus Michx. Perennial and 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-bl ades sone i LEI oval, ig elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate above, X:&w 1-5 em. long, blunt, scaly or glabrate oe clothed uu silvery seales beneath: nate flowers often 10—15; a ual lanceolate, sta 0; filaments swollen in the puso: or istillate flowers few; sepals partly united, acute; capsule globular. or Meu rau about 5 mm. long: s seed less than 5 mm. long.—Sandhills and pin elands, Coastal Plain and SW provinces, Fla. to Tex. (N. M.?) and Ga.—Sum 782 EUPHORBIACEAE ye a gees Torr. Shrub 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic, 2.5- forms): pistillate flowers 2-6 at base of raceme, usually een ie. sepals elliptic-spatulate with sessile or short-stipitate dr LS styles 3, . high.—Sa andy palmately 4-parted or twice 2-parted: capsule globose, 4-5 m igh.— soil, thiekets, and waste-places, Key West, Fla. and ee arum, S. Tex M ez.) —Spr.-fall. 4. linearis Jacq. Shrub 6-20 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 4-7 em. Iu obtuse, dark-green and smooth above, yellowish-pubescent beneath : emes m. lon trian uu petals spatulate, sur- u : stam bou i 4—5 cm. long, frequently exceeded by the leaves: sepals narrow, acuminate: a subglobose, 5 mm. high, rer Ms a dauid e: seed broadly nipti, about 3 long.—Pinelands and coastal sand-dunes, Everglade Keys, ids Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—4A1l year.—The leaves of this species are Do pe C. Fergusonii Small. Shrub 4-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades Psi elliptie to broadly linear, 3-6 em. long, blunt, entire, white-pubescent ben , the upper surface channele ae green minute ely stellate: staminate flow ed s 12-25 in stout pud iu. racemes 3—5 cm. long: sepals oe id, acute: s spatulate, 2.0—8 . ong, E the sepals, ciliate: stamens about 15: pistillate flowers: about 6, in racemes 2-3 em. long: c T subglobose, aa o mm. long: eed 3.5-4 mm. long.—Pinelands, s pen. Fla.—All yea 6. C. floridanus Ferguson. Herb 2-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades various, those of the lower leaves e - ovate, a above elliptic to lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, serrate-crenate mes 2—4 em. long: staminate flowers inconspicuous; sepals ovate or eliptic- pner pus elliptic o or eae so, narrower than the sepals, ciliate; stamens abo ut 10: pistillate flowers solitary or several below the dep _subt tended by deltoid bracts; sepals linear to oblanceolate or spatu- late, aeerescent: capsule Joa -oval, ~ 4 mm. long: seed oval, about 3 mm. long. Sand dunes, pen. Fla.—Spr. -fal C. are a Small. Herb 1.5-4.5 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic- ovate, 1-3 e on lunt, o toothed : e sepals elliptie or oval, rl petals elliptic to oblan olate: stamens 9-12: pistillate c ers solitary r 2— iris the E minate; ie aan ey pcr eapsule globose-oval, 21 ong: seed 3-3.5 mm. lon um elands and qu Everglade Keys, Fla. und Florida Keys —All yea C. glandulosus L. A tropical American species represented in ou by the following: C. glandulosus septentrionalis n p e foliage and serrate mainly elliptie leaf-blades, ranges in va S pro from Fla to Tex., Ia., and Va.; C. glandulosus Simpson with poss ps foliage and coarsely serrate- crenate ovate leaf- blades, occurs in S pen. Fla. and on the Keys; C. glandulosus angustifolius with thin y appressed stellate. Ds and linear Mcd serrate upper leaf-blades, seu in Fla. and Tex. —Spr.-fall or all year S. 9. C. miquelensis Ferguson. Herb 3-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to lan late, 2-4 em. long, acute or rcr crenate or dentate-serrate, finely pubescent beneath, biglandular at the base, 'slender- -petioled: geen ‘sessile or ne arly sessile, sho rt: staminate - flowers ineonspi euous; sepals e; petals po oblong, ciliate; stamens 8-10: pistillate flowers 3 Or d. subte nded by ov pu b lan o petals obsolete or. rudimen egies capsule is 3.54 ong: seed oval, a a mm. long, the caruncle minute. —Woods and waste- ae W Fla. N: at. of S. A.—Spr.—fall. Ni NN oy VSE AEE SAS A P aa EUPHORBIACEAE 783 10. C. capitatus Michx. Herb 5-20 dm. tall: leaf-blades various, those of the e elustered below the staminate; sepals 6-8, elliptie to oblanceolate ; ; NA 3, 2-3 times 2-cleft, 5-6 mm. long: capsule globular, 7-9 mm. lon eed sub- orbicular, A mm. ir Hm HoawoRT. WOOLLY-CROTON.)—W aste n. vari- ous provinces, Ga. to Tex., Ia. and S N. Y.—Spr.-fall or all year S. Intr duced, at quen ae 11. Ka earns liu MEA 5—20 T tall: pr blades lanceolate, those the lower leaves 10-20 em. long (white in C. Engelmannü ds e es and Mus ovate), those of the upper much um T; ien. Or S hat a nate, Eds erudi bas unevenly toothed, rounded or us ally cordate - the b cemes 5-15 em. long, with yellow- tinged tomentum: staminate flowers distinetly pole: celle ed; i se pals ovate, aeute; petals spatulat te, ciliate; stamens 9-12; filaments stellate- pond "below: pistillate flowers usually 3, short- pedicelled ; sepals 7-8, dp pe the inner ones smaller; styles 3, twice ars. 6—10 mm. long: capsule depressed, 6-8 mm. long: s eed oval-orbieula , 4.5-5 mm. long —Dry soil, pedea Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark., pet Ga.—Sum. SE il. 12. C. rim VaL Herb ded dm. tall: leaf-blades linear or linear- ed late, 4—5 . long, shorter above, entire, usually blunt, 3-nerved at the nar rowed Pa velvety- DM gray- -tome ntose beneath, slender-petioled: a 1-2 em. long: staminate flowers short-pedicelled; sepals 5, narrowly elliptic ; petals linear, ciliate; stamens 8-10: pistillate flowers PE be 6—7, unequal; styles 3, twice 2-cleft, 2-3 mm. long: capsule globose, 4—5 mm. lon ng, sometimes surpassed by the accrescent inde SEE seed md 3—4 mm. long. —Pinelands, Fla. to S. C.—Sum.-fall.—Rar . ©. monanthogynus Michx. Herb 3-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades various, those of the lower leaves suborbieular, those of the upper ovate to elliptic-ovate, i ntire: racemes about 1 : ightl em. long: staminate flowers short-pedicelled; sepals 3-5, ovate; petals spatu- late, ciliate; stamens 3-10: pistillate flowers 1-4 below the staminate, nod- Sae ng at m maturity ; sepals 5, rhea ovary 2-celled: ag evoid S oval, 3-4 e seed solitary by t abor tion of one ovule, 2.5-3.5 lon (Puis EA, )—Limestone uterops and aie. places, various Provinces RI Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Ia., and Ind.—( Mz.) —Sum.-fal 14. C. punctatus Jaeq. Plant partly woody, 5—12 dm. tall: leaf-blades ellip- e d C 1-5 em. long, entire or merely undulate: D edi bise ia arly equal; stamens normally 12, barely exserted; fila S pubescen ode flowers solitary or : or 3 together; get elliptic. or "ements e accrescent: VE ROM subglobose, 5-8 mm. long: seed about eas Walt. ]—(SILV ees CROTON. BEACH-TEA.)—Sand- -dunes, "Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Sum.-fall or all 15. C. texensis (Kl) Muell Arg. Plant ebd. 4-16 dm. tall: leaf- rl gd -lanceolate or d those of the s minate p the 2 ong, entire, roun or blun nt at tho aper: racem s few-flow id ED us in r Bir 1-3 em. long; sepals elliptie n ovate- ‘elliptic; ; stamens 8-12; filaments pubescent: pistillate flowers 2—4-together or solitary; sd triangular: capsule oval or globular, 4-6 mm. long: seed orbicular, 3-5 ong.—(SKUNK-WEED.)—Dry soil, low hills and plains, various provinces, Ala, p Ariz., Wyo., S. D., and Ill.— — (Mex x.)—Sum.—fall or all year S. 784 EUPHORBIACEAE 8. CROTONOPSIS Miehx. Annual herbs, covered, except the upper sur- face of the leaves, with silvery appressed peltate stellate scales. Leaf-blades entire, upper oed Il slender-rayed s tellate hairs. Flowers monoecious, een or greenish-w Staminate flowers with 5 sepals 5 petals, and 5 stamens. Pistillate n with 3—5 nic no petals, — a l-celled. ovary. Fruit an achene-like capsule, erect.—Two species.—RUSHFOIL Staminate flowers with ene od than the sepa fi aments longer than the sepals: spikes long, : fruit ellipsoid, without veins on the sides, the scales with minücs s ringed "with irregular lax stellately spreading rays: stellate hairs on upper surface of leaf with short rays. . C. linearis. Staminate flowers with petals equalling the sepals damen shorter than the sepals: spikes short, with 1 or 2 fruits: fruit ovoid, with an evident vein on each Ede the scales S A to re A -Spiny, the margin with relatively uniform, appressed rays : stellate hairs on upper surface of leaf with long rays. 2. C. elliptica. 1. C. linearis Miehx. Plant 3-8 dm. tall, the scales with small disks fringed with ular lax stellately eR oe leaf-blades narrowly elliptic, Buceo e, or linear: spis n te, with 3-6 fruits: staminate flower wit or hs sepals T petals: pistillate flower with lin r linear-lanceolate sepals; fruit elipso jd, "25-3 mm. ipa! the stel- late scales with blunt or spine-tipped disks; seeds 2-2.5 mm. long or more, slightly ridged, : , di sa Nash Dry acid sandy soil, flat rocks, and barren prairies, Coastal Plain and Pucca adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., and S. C.—Spr.—fall. 2. C. elliptica Willd. Plant 1-4 dm. tall, the seales with large disks surrounded b uA. enna: E osely appressed rays: leaf- i | or appearing a bearing 1 or 2 Boe stami nate flower with obovate sepals and spatulate petals: pistillate flower with ovate sepals: fruit ovoid, 2.5-3.2 mm. long; pa e ate scales with umbonate to tuberculate-spiny disks: seed about long, brown, smooth.—Dry sandy soil various provinces, rarely Ca Plain, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Conn.—Sum.-fall. 9. DITAXIS Vahl. Shrubs or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire or rarely toothed. deii p M braeted, green. Staminate flower wi or 5 sepals, peta 10 stamens. or sometimes ula Piece mentary petals, and a 3-celled ovary. Cap- ilo pfo —-About 20 species. 1. D. Blodgettii (Torr.) Pax. Plants 1-6 dm. tal: leaf-blades oval or elliptie, or those of the lower pelis D 1.5—4 ` 7-8 m id em. long: staminate yx wide; sepals lanceolate; petal broadly ly a llipti ie, shorter than the sepals: mature pistillate sepals lanceolate to ber -lanceolate, 5-6 EUPHORBIACEAE 785 m. long: capsule 4-5 mm. wide.—Pinelands and hammocks, Everglade Keys, Fla. Florida Keys.—All year / 10. CAPERONIA St. Hil Herbs or partially woody plants, mostly monoecious. Leaves alternate: blades toothed. Flowers in elongate, inter- jaa spike-like racemes, green. Staminate the st , a 3-celled ovary Capsule 3-lobed, qa Seed without a cearunele.—About 20 species, tropical American. * C. castanedefolia (L.) St. Hil. Plant 1 . tall or less, with spreading or decumbent batches: leaf-blades obovate, elliptic, is ue ie d or ovate, mostly 2-6 c lo rather y o . long: petals obovate, 3-3.5 mm. long: sepals and petals of the p da: smaller than those of the staminate: eapsule depressed, 6— eed globose, about 3 mm. in diameter.—Wet soil, Everglades, about ‘the Everglade Keys, pen. Fla.—(W. I.)—-All year Herbs or parly woody mostly dioecious plants. a celled ovary. Stigmas pinnatifid. Caps 2-lobed.—About 7 species, natives of: Old, W orld.—_Do@’S-MERCURIES. 1. M. annua L. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf- | blades us to lanceolate: staminate flowers spik in spikes which surpass the leaves: capsule 4— . brodd, hispid.—( HERB-MERCURY.) —Waste-places, various provi , Nat of Eu. and Africa.— 12. ACALYPHA L. Herbs or shrubs, monoecious or sometimes dioecious, Leaf-blades entire or toothed. Flowers green (in our species). Staminate flower with 4 sepals and 8-16 stamens. Pistillate flower with 3-5 sepals and a 3-celled ovary, each flower subtended by a foliaceous bract. Capsule some- what 3-lobed.—About 250 species most abundant in subtropical and — regions. —Spr.—fall, or all year S.—- THREE-SEEDED MERCURIES. TAR-WEED COUPLE-CAPS. Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same spike: capsule glabrous or pubescent. I. CORCHORIFOLIAE. Staminate and DE flowers in separate spikes: capsule tuberculate-echina II. OSTRYAEFOLIAE. 50 186 EUPHORBIACEAE I. CORCHORIFOLIAE Plant annual. Braets subtending the pistillate flowers with 5-7 ra rely 9, eee elliptic to lanceolate, Suis or PUDE lobes: leav the main stem with ovate or rhombic- ovd aac A 1. A. rhomboidea. Bracts poe ee the pistillate flowers with 9-15 short : obes or teeth: leaves of the main stem with mostly ete aceon to linear blades. Bracts of the pistillate flowers with lanceolate acute lobes: blades of the cauline leaves oe to nar- rowly jaucesiate tapering to a blunt tip. . A. virginica. Bracts of the pistillate flowers with ieee ate to deltoid lobes: blades of the cauline leaves EI Ene o linear, obtusish ; petioles a fourt tenth a long as the bl 2d 3. A. gracilens. pen perennial, prostrate: stems wire-like: seeds barely 1 . long. 4. A. chamaedrifolia. II. OSTRYAEFOLIAE Mature pistillate D slender, interrupted, not plumose; bracts us a olate or a scabrous lobes: cap- sale depre Bracts with T lobes about as long as the body: a. about 3.5 mm. wide, echinate-tuberculate: seed tuberc 9. A. ostryaefolia. T with slender- un ns lobes much longer than the ES capsule about 2.5 mm. wide, sparingly pubescent : eed obs Scurely pitte 6. A. setosa. Mature. pistillate spikes stou t, continuous, plumose; bracts Me slender-caudate long-ciliate lobes: capsule globose- oid. T. A. alopecuroidea. 1. A. rhomboidea Raf. Stem 1—7 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves ovate to rhombic-ovate, 2-10 em. long, glabrous ex- cept for a ' few quand seattered hairs n diamet Woods and | thic ckets, various provinces, Ph. , Minn,, and Me.—Plan re- puted ye have medicinal properties. 2. A. virginica L. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, m. ine: — Woods per stream- banks, various provinees, Ga. to Tex., Mo., and Mass. 3. A. gracilens A. LM C em 1-8 dm. tall, puberulent to pubescent with i rved or ascending hairs: blades of the cauline leaves elliptic-lanceolate 7 i in A. gracilen j eapsule about 2 mm. in diam eeds 1.5-2 long.—Dry woods, hill- sides, sandy banks, and old fields, cn provinees, "Fla. to Tex., Mo.. Wise., and Mass. ÀA. E A (Lam.) Muell Arg. Stem and branches mostly pro trate, 5—30. cm. long: blades of the upper leaves ovate to elliptic A 7-20 mm Em erenate-serrate: larger braets 4-6 mm. long, toothed: eapsule EUPHORBIACEAE 787 nearly 2 mm. in diameter.—Pinelands and sandy places, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.). b. A. ostryaefolia nae Stem 3-8 dm. tall, closely fine-pubescent: leaf e Ps 5-10 c ong, serrate: larger bracts ne x pistillate spike 4-5 ong, with janceolate lobes: P abou wide: seed broadly oid, 2 mm. long, finely tubereulate. [4. ou Zu ie not Ell.]— Thickets and waste- places various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and N. J.— (W. I., Mex -: . Rich. Stem 1 m. tall or less, usually glabrous: leaf-blades rbicular- ovate, 3- 2 cm. long, rather finely serrate: larger braets of n pistillate spike 3—4 mm. long, with nu cup lobes: eapsule about 2.5 mm. wide: seed. oval- "ey about 1.5 m ong, obscurely p LM Cuba.—(W. I., C. As waste- cee and roadsides, pen. Fla. Nat. P S. A.) A. alopecuroidea Jacq. Stem mostly less than 1 m. tall, often widely PIT glandular- pubescent: leaf-blades aM ies usually broadly so, 2-8 em. long, finely serrate: larger bracts of the pistillate spike about 8 mm. long, with slender-eaudate long- -ciliate lobes: capsule globose-ovoid; seed fully 1 mm. e ne T. pitted. i E and roadsides, Coastal Plain, Ala. Nat. 13. TRAGIA [Plum.] L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers green or purple, on a slender rachis, racemo Staminate flower with 3-5 sepals and 1-3, or rarely more, stamens. Pi d flower with 3-8 entire or pinnatifid sepals and a 3-celled ovary. Capsule prominently 3-lobed.—About 50 species, most abundant in tropical regions.—Spr.— all year S. Stem not twining: leaf-blades not conspicuously long-petioled. 1. T. linearifolia. Leaf-blades linear, entire Leaf-blades broader ind ‘manifestly broadest above or be- low the middle. Leaves with.more or less cuneately narrowed blades. 2. T. urens. Mene ed cs ihe. lower ones, truncate or cordate at t Leaf-bl dde of a triangular or lanceolate type. 3. T. urticaefolia. po blades of a suborbicular, oval, or elliptic type. ERRAT slender-petioled, cordate or subcor- e t the base, the teeth sha 4. T. saxicola. i blades eae or very Sharp oka obtuse uncate at the base, the oder rounded. 5. T. betonicaefolia. Stem twining: Peat. blades conspicuo ously long-petioled. 6. T. macrocarpa. T. linearifolia Ell Plant 1-5 ed tall: eai blades linear, 3—12 em. long, m Je undulate: staminate Ronin A mature pistillate calyx 5 mm 0m sepals linear: ae mm. wide, hirsu Eun. Dip 5—4 n lon [T. innocua Walt.]—Dry, 'often acid soil ‘Coastal ‘Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S Va. 788 EUPHORBIACEAE 3. T. ipis Michx. Plant 1—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades Du nm Or mace those of the lower leaves typically broadly lanceolate, m. lon tami inate calyx 2.5-3 mm. wide; sepals ovate to su uborbieular: hm pistillate i 11-12 mm. Nd sepals S capsule 7-10 mm. wide, hirsutulous: seed 3.5—4 ong.—Dry sandy soil, e n and occa- sionally adj. Mii cn Fla. to Tex., Ark., Tenn. and S. C. (or Va. 1) | | 4. T. saxicola [pm Plant 0.5-2 dm. tall: leaf-blades suborbicular to ie oval, 1-2. e m. long, erenate-dentate, finely and sharply many-toothed: staminate calyx 3-3.5 mm. wide; sepals 1 linea r to narrowly linear-lanceolate: capsule 7-8 mm. wide, hirsute — Pinelands, tet dc Keys, pen. Fla. and Florida Keys. 5. betonicaefolia Nutt. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades d er to broadly elliptic, 2-4 cm us Dp) erenate-serrate, or somewhat lobed: mature pistillate calyx 4. 5-5.5 mm. wide; sepals linear to linear-oblong: cap- sule mostly 8-9 mm. wide: seed about 4 mm. long. Dun soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. - T macrocarpa Willd. Plant with E stems: c ovate, 5—12 m. lo one coarsely ang serrate: stam e calyx about 2.5 mm. wide; sepals eras to orbicular-ovate: mature e pistillate pes 8-0 mm. wide; sepals’ elliptic or ovate- ag tae nere 12-16 m mm. wide, finely pubescent: seed about 5 mm. long rocky soil and wooded bluffs, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and K 14. STILLINGIA Garden. Shrubs or herbs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed. Flowers monoecious, apetalous, in a gre ellow, or red y Spike. Staminate flower with 2 or 3 sepals and 2 or 3 stamens. Pistillate flower with 3 sepals and a 2- or 3-celled ovary. Fruit a eapsule.—About 15 species, mostly MM cea 'S-DELIGHTS. QUEEN 'S-ROOTS. Plant herbaceo apsu aa ies: "han 10 mm. wide: seed 4-6 mm. lon Stem leaves with linear or Bc HS iene blades. 1. S. angustifolia. Stem leaves m pe or EE RU blades. 2. S. spathulata. Capsule. over 10 mm. wide: seed 7-9 m ong 3. S. sylvatica. reticulate. 4. S. aquatica. Spikes mainly red: glands as large as the bracts or larger: seed finely dcus te. b. S. tenuis. 1. S., angustifolia (Torr.) S. Wats. Stem 2.5-6 dm. tall: T. s ed or ee so, 2-5 cm. long, ps serrulate: spike 2-4 ong: cap- sule wide.—Sand-dunes and B ne- e S. spathulata (Muell. Arg.) Small. Stem 3—7 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate to nd spatulate, | or ard T on the bra s 7—15 cm. long, nulate: capsule 7-9 m wide. "Sa nd- duni per Rc bc Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala., and Ga. l yea S. sylvatica L. Stem 4-12 dm. tall: ally san provinees, "Pla. o Tex., Mo., Va.—Sum HS —The root is used medicinally. EUPHORBIACEAE 789 4, S. aquatica Chapm. Short-lived shrub with wood lighter than cork, 6-20 dm. tall, stout- stemmed : blades of the upper leaves linear to linear -elliptic ser- rulate: spike stout, mainly yellow: capsule about 10 mm M m oc OOD. um Ponds and wet Sud. Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and iS. C.—Spr.- S. tenuis Small Short-lived shrub with light brittle wood, 3-12 dm. tall, with slender stem not umbe lately branched at the top: blades of the upper id eaves narrowly linear, crenulate Poss slender, mainly red: eapsule about 7 wide.—Everglades, Fla.—All yea 15. SEBASTIANA Muell. Arg. Shrubs or rarely herbs. Leaf-blades entire or barely toothed. Flowers monoecious, apetalous. Staminate flower with a calyx of 3-5 sepals and 3, or rarely 4, sta- mens. Pistillate flower with 3 spate and a 3-celled ovary. Fruit a dry capsule—-About 40 species, f mostly tropical. 1. S. ligustrina (Michx.) Muell. Arg. Shrub b 1-4 m tall: leaf-blades elliptic or oval, 3-8 em. long: spikes Shorter than the leaves, green or a ou capsule ^ nnd nearly 1 cm. broad: seed ir A. about ng.—(SEBASTIAN-BUSH wamps, stream- banks: e a. ‘Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., and N. C.—Spr.—sum. . TRIADICA Lour. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire, usually broad. Flowers monoecious, in dense so panicles, apetalous. Staminate flower with 2 or rarely 3 sepals and 3 stamens. Pis- tillate flower with 2 or 3 sepals and a 3- sens ovary. N Fruit a fleshy capsule.—Few species, of. tropical Asia. T. sebifera (L.) Small. Tree resembling a pop- bie, unat m 1.5 em oad: 8-9 mm. long. oie sebi- ferum my Roxb. pus mde TALLOW-TREE.)—Ham- (]) mocks and bow Coastal o Fla. to La. and C.—Nat. of E Asia and cult.—Spr. 17. SAPIUM P. Br. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire or Reid toothed. Flowers monoecious, in narrow spike-like panicles, apetalous. Stam nate flower with 2 or 3 sepals and 2 stamens. Pistil- 1. S. glandulosum (L.) Morong. Small tre shrub, resembling a willow: io pup e “elliptic 16 cm. lo to narrowly elliptic, acute, 8— ong, serrulate, short-petioled: spikes g var or “yellowish: "3 s about 1 cm. bro long.— (MILK- ad: seed a pnr E and icem MA E Fla. Nat. of S. A.—Spr. 790 EUPHORBIACEAE 18. GYMNANTHES Sw. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire or toothed. Flowers monoecious or rarely aa oe Staminate flower with a rudimentary or obsolete calyx and or A stamens. Pistilate flower with a ru S mentary calyx and a 3-eelled ovary. Fruit "4 capsule.—About 12 species, American. 1. G. lucida Sw. Shrub, or tree ione 10 m. tall: leaf- spatulate, or nearly elliptic, 4-10 cm. long, undulate or obseurely to othed near the apex, -8 mm. long.—(CraBwoop.)—Hammocks, Fla. and ida ys—(W. I.)—Spr.—The sap-wood is p bright- yellow: the dark-brown and yellow streaked fae -wood, close-grained, heavy, and hard, is used in cabinet work. 19. HIPPOMANE L. Trees. Leaf-blades entire or toothed, pinnately veined. Flowers on a e rachis, nu a E pes Staminate flower with 2 or 3 sepals and 2 or 3 mens. gee flower with 3 sepals us 6-8 led ovary. Fruit a drupe, with a nes CAEN stone imbedded in the pulp. 1 inella L. Tree E os 18 m. tall: deat ade. ovate, elliptic, or oval, 4- 0 ] d 1 ong: spikes 4-8 em. long: drupe ne imd em. broad.—(MANCHI- NEEL.)—-Hammocks, Everglade Keys and Cape Sable ca. pen. Fla. and aud Keys.—(7 eT., ; s. 4.)— milky sap is a Adr irritant, S 0 The ye t- : brown, the dark. oo n wood is close-grained, but light and sott 20. BIVONEA Raf. Herbs or shrubs, often bristly-stinging. Leaf- blades entire, lobed, or divided. Flowers in forked cymes, white. Staminate flower with a corolla-like 5-lobed calyx and 10-30 Pen Pistillate flower with a usually 3-celled ovary. Fruit a somewhat 3- lobed capsule. [Cnidoscolus Pohl.]—About 20 species, mostly in tropical America. 1. B. stimulosa Cosa) Plant 1-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades broad, coarsely or finely du Som s calyx with a rape tube, and lobes about equal in length: capsule 10-16 em. long, bristly. [Jatropha o Michx. ]-— ( SPURGE- NG TREA f woods, sandy gs pinelands, N sand-dunes, Coast tal Plain ənd adj. pro " inces, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—Spr.—fall or all year S. EUPHORBIACEAE 791 ADENOROPIUM Pohl. Partly woody plants or herbs. Leaf-blades aed or lobed. Flowers monoecious, petaliferous, gee red or. purple. Staminate flower with 5 sepals, 5 small petals, and 8-10 stamens. Done. flower with a mainly 2~3-celled ovary. Fruit a capsule. UU atropha L. in part.] —About 85 species, mainly tropical. All year. Leaf-blades 3-5-lobed ; lobes toothed, glandular-ciliate : inflorescence pubescen 1. A. Ps um: Leaf-blades 9-11-lobed; lobes entire or incised, eciliate: in- florescence glabrous. 2. A. multifidum. 1. A. gossypiifolium (L.) Pohl. Shrub 5-11 dm. tall: leaf- blades palmately 3—5-lobed, 8-15 em. wide, the lobes broad, shallowly toothed and glandular- b ] joue 5d 2, A. multifidum (L.) Pohl. Shrub 9-20 SU dm. tall: leaf-blades palmately 9—11-lobed, he lobes mostly 10-20 em. wide, t narrow, entire or incised, n iliate: cymules corymbose: petals thrice as lon — © B = iq?) Là oo C EE o B i : E BB [er A Ej b * (e lar} (3 m £2 Qu Oo m (D ed V Hj [oe d oth: s agar ds and cult.—This RUN mus its relatives, has been used in b A medicine and also as a hedge-plant. It is known as PHYSIC-NUT or CORAL- LANT 22, JATROPHA L. Shrubs or herbs. Leaf-blades entire, or palmately lobed or parted. Flowers monoecious, apetalous. Staminate flower wit a 8 or 1 men istillate capsule. [Manihot Adans.]—About 80 spe- cies, South American. . Manihot L. Plants 9-16 dm. tall, sules ings. : Manihot OL. ) Karst.]—(Cassava.)—Road- sides, cult. grounds, and pinelands, Ever- glade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys. Nat. of S. A. and eult—(W. I.)—The large root yields starch in the form of cassava-meal and tapio It contains a poison, however, which must be dissolved out before these prods are edible. 23. RICINUS [Tourn.] L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades peltate, palmately lobed. Flowers monoecious, apetalous. Staminate flower with 3-5 792 EUPHORBIACEAE sepals and numerous stamens, mainly yellow, Pistillate flower with caducous sepals and a 3-celled ovary, green. Fruit a capsule.— One species. 1. R. communis L. Small tree or pn 1-5 m. tall, the stem widely bran ehed, or annual h rb n orthward: leaf-blades i ule 12- i E U. cult, ( Widely dist )—Su um.—fall or all d e seeds yield the castor oil of c 24. CHAMAESYCE S. F. Gray. Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite: blades oblique at the base. Involucres axillary or in axillary cymes, each with 4 naked or appendaged glands, one sinus bein ing glandless. Capsule smooth, sometimes pubescent. Seed smooth or Mam d -wrinkled.— About 225 species, widely distributed.—SPURGES. EUPHORBI S.—The flower- like involueres have appendages to the marginal glands, either green tinged with red, red, greenish-white or white. Some of the species have reputed medicinal properties. Leaf-blades entir lant with prostrate stems and branches, Leaves succulent: seed not angled, sometimes terete or nearly so. I, POLYGONIFOLIAE, n herbaceous or chartaceous: seed sharply II. CORDIFOLIAE. Plant ith erect or ascendi ing stems and branches. III. BUXIFOLIAE. Hd ERU Sometimes only at the apex. e glabr Pla nt with prostrate stems and branches II. CORDIFOLIAE. Plant wit ect or ascending stems ind branches. IV. HYSSOPIFOLIAE. Capsule pubes Con E Involucres axillary to the leaves or leaf-like bracts. or branches, erect. V. TRACYANAE. tem, or branches, prostrate. VI. MACULATAE. Involucres in peduncled clusters. VII HIRTAE. . POLYGONIFOLIAE Seed 1.5 mm. more, somewhat 3-side d. Xie EE 3. sided, covered with a silvery-gray bloom, ually 1. C. polygonifolia. Seed . equ ually 3- sided: povened with a whitish or speckled loom, Ca abou t 1.5 mm. long. 2. C. Ingallsii. Seed less than 1.5 mm. long, nearly terete. 3. C. cumulicola. II. ConDiFOLIAE Capsule, and ovary, glabro Leaf- oe at ee those of the stem or main branches, us ed Po r than wide, mainly elliptic to nar- Ínvotüere. "ao ut 1. 5 mm. long, broadly campanulate: leaf-blades thick zn parchment-like. 4. C. Chiogenes. Mone about 1 sone: narrowly campanulate: eaf-blades thin- BEES 5. C. Blodgettii. Leaf blades eee ovate to. orbic endag f the involucre- Mare minute or obsolete, 6. C. serpens. ABUSE. of the involucre-glands petal-like. EUPHORBIACEAE Ultimate divisions of the inflorescence open, long- ran Ultimate divisions of the inflorescence compara- ively dense, Pacemedike clusters. Capsule, and ony pubesc cent. ; Stem, rrr and iue permanently and usually co oo Subescon Plant Sit 2 RE or wiry branches, not forming ae Foliage ünely hirsute. Leaves of the “branchlets much dd 2 size, ron ded: capsule with many long Leaves of the branchlets not much reduced in pees e, not cro owded: capsule with few short Foliage a ei nt. Plant 1 many very slender, usually filiform As n at forming dense mats appressed to the Branches strigillose : leaf-blades much longer than Branches oo hirsutulous: leaf-blades nearly or quite as wide as lon than 4 mm, Ione), pr wide as long or nearly so. Eon BUXIFOLIAE Stem, und and leaves Twigs and leaves Suecus. beni ch plant. Twiss and leaves not succ culent : pineland plants. Leaf-blades very broad: sparingly Decne: Leaf- Rr rather pus ten mn uch-branched and br Stem, branches, and leaves pubesce Single-stemmed woody plants, S nietos branched near the ba ES e: stem and leaves finely, usually sparingly canesce Leaf blades ' relatively smal (on the main stem less than 4 mm. long), as wide as long or nearly SO. p relatively Jarge (on the a stem over 5 mm. long), twice as long as wi Many- Se euied ia cespitose plant: Siem and leaves villous-hirsute. HYSSOPIFOLIAE IV. a es in dense axillary cymes, the cymes rarely ran Involucres in loose cymes, rarely also with some ges the cymes much-branched. V. 'TRACYAN Stem usually branched at the base and e P branches and branchlets very leafy. VI. MACULATAE Glands of the involucre with inconspicuous appendages. Capsule pubescent along the angles. Capsule RE ent all over, but often mainly so, below Leaf) blades ein s long as wide or less. .Involuere not cleft on one side: seed sharply 4- se ae C faces with 3 or 4 prominent trans- rse ri Involuere deeply cleft on one side: seed bluntly ee ed, the faces minutely roughened or nearly Leaf- Biages thrice as long as wide. Glands of the oe at least two of diem with petal- like appendag Branches dense] and copiously floriferous, the involucres crowded: leaves of the flowering branches much re- duced in size, of a different shape from those of the stem, and usually acuminate Branches not densely or copiously flowered, the involucres not approximate: leaves of the flowering branches much reduced in e e, but not changed in shape, rounded at the apex. 1. C. cordifolia, Ta. C. Nashii. 8. 9. 10. 11. C. brachypoda. . Mosieri. C. Garberi. C. Serpyllum. 12. C. adhaerens. 21. at Ze to DR 28. . C. deltoidea. . CO. buxifolia. C. Porteriana. C. scoparia. C. adicioides. Q : keyensis. C. pinetorum. . €. hypericifolia. C. hyssopifolia. C. Tracyi. . C. prostrata. C. maculata. . C. humistrata. C. Mathewsii. C. conferta. C. adenoptera. 794 EUPHORBIACEAE VII. HinRTAE Plant erect: heads of involucres axillary, never terminal . only, but rarely subtended by 2 or more leaf-like peg 29. C. hirta. Plant prostrate: heads of involucres termin al, ad terminating branches and subtended by 2 leaf-like bract 30. C. gemella. 1. ©. polygonifolia e ) m 0: s. s narrowly elliptic to linear-lanceo- late, fleshy: involucre betw m. long: capsule globose-ovoid: seed ellipsoid-ovoid, mod. o m lo (SEASIDE-SPURGE.) — Coastal wand- dunes, Coastal Plain, and New England Coast, Fla. to N. S.; also Great Lake Low- land, N. Y. to Wis.—Sum.-fall. ngallsii Small. Leaf-blades elliptic to ovate- ipte fleshy: involuere between 1 and 1.5 lo eapsu ressed: seed pos. ovoid e or globose-ovoid, usually less tha g.—Coastal sand-dunes, Fla. : C. cumulicola Small Branches pros- rate, string-like, zigzag, glabrous; leaf- blades elliptie to elliptic- ovate, veinless: in- volucre campanulate, about 1 mm. long, gla brous; appendages whitish and narrower than the glands or obsolete: capsule about 2 mm. broad, glabrous: seed 1-1.3 mm. long, nearly terete, smooth.— AND- iu NE SPURGE. ) Sand. dunes and serub, ONDE Romano region and lower eastern coast, Fla.—All yea 4. C. Chio ogenes Small. Leaf-blades map io or EU sometimes the lower ones suborbieular: involucres abou . long; appendages od smaller than the glands: capsule abou br oad: seed about 1 long, angled, the faces uneven. Pinelands, prn er "Florida Keys.—All m 9. C. Blodgettii (Engelm.) Small. Branches glabrous or nearly so: leaf- blades piod ovate, elliptie, or spatulate e: involueres about 1 mm. long, gla- brous: gland-a appendages white or pinkish, commonly slightly larger than the glands: capsule fully 1.5 mm. broad, glabrous: seed abou . long.—Coastal sand-dunes and low Pad. S pen. Fla. and the Keys. in E? ) Serpens Seaman Small. Branches S leaf-blades orbieular, Da -ovate, or involueres barely 1 . long; appendages anri smaller than the us capsule between 1 in 2 mm. broad: seed bar ely 1 mm. long, our ded angled.—Sandy woods, plains, and tablelands, various Tex —fall, provinces, Fla. to , N. M., Ia., and Ill—(W. I.)—Spr 7. C. cordifolia (EIL) Small. Branches glabrous: leaf- blades broadly elliptic to ovate, or sometimes broadest below the middle: ean fully 1 mm. long; appendages mostly much larger than ba green glands: capsule between 2 and 3 mm. broad, glabrous: seed fully 1 long, gray, obscurely angled.—Sandy hammocks and sandhills, Coastal Plain, "Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—Spr.—fall. 7a. C. Nashii Small. Branches glabrous: leaf-blades broadly elliptie to ovate: involueres nearly 1.5 mm. long; appendages narrow, delieate, white or greenish: seed sha Mes transv dus -wrinkled — Coastal sands and pinelands, pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.—All yea 8. achypoda Small. Branches hirsute or villous-hirsute, with many short dde leaf-blades elliptie to ovate, hirsute: involueres fully 1 mm. long; EUPHORBIACEAE 795 xou i Wr herd than the red Peai or minute or obsolete: capsule abou , pubescen eed 1 . long, brown, obscurely angled.— Pinelands, ‘Ererglade Keys, Fla. —All a i Small. Branches prostrate, wiry, dark, villous-hirsutulous: leaf- blades orbieular reniform to ovate, 4— . lon E lo d m cent, acute or aeutish: involucres campanulate, about 1 mm. long, pubes appendages re Or do some of them larger than the Hd Bc. pos sometimes lobed: el globose-ovoid, about 1.5 mm. broad, sparingly pubescent: seed ovoid, about 1 mm. long, the faces pence smooth. —Pinelands, Everglade Keys, S pen. Fla.—All year. 10. Garberi eie Branches canescent: leaf-blades ovate or oval: in- volucres s . lo Er appen x minute, or obsolete: eapsule fully 1.5 on ] Keys. Adv. at Mobile, Ala.—All = C. Serpyllum Small. Branches A -canescent, filiform, = nu : leaf-blades deltoid or ovate-deltoid to triangular or tr span due see p mm. long, obtuse: involucres about 1 mm. long; appendages very m cap- sule about 1.5 mm. broad, pubescent: seed less ~ 1 mm. long, vellowish or grayish ee lower Florida Keys.—All yea C. adhaerens Small. Branches very numerous, forming closely prostrate mats, fee villous- ke agers o hu equi s to orbieular- ovate, or reniform-ovate, 2-3.5 mm. long, ed at t av eX, minutely pale- pubescent: E A Ta pest ar hea uh en out 1 mm. lon mg; appendages sie pale margins to the glands or obsolete: EN ule fully 5 m. broad, pubescent: seed ovoid, about l mm. long, the faces slightly eq Pinelands, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla.—All yea 13. C.deltoidea (Engelm.) Small. Branches glabrous, closely appressed to the ground: leaf-blades deltoid-ovate or reniform, ay minutely pubescent when young: involucres less than 1 mm. long, gla abrou : glands yellow; appendages obsolete: capsule about 2 mm. broad, glabrous or sometimes sparingly pubes- cent: seed less E 1 mm. long, even, yellowish.—Pinelands, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla.—All yea C. buxifolia (Lam.) Small. Branches, like the stem woody, 1 m. tall or ae Va ced often purple, B long or short internodes: leaf- ar Dd to broadly n pd or euneate near the base of the stem m, rather fles 8— long, obtu aes h, involute, rounded or subcordate, nearly p. lueres e Bu ia abou t 1.5 mm. high, as long as the peduncles or shorter: glands tuc elliptie, 0.5 mm. broad: appendages whitish: capsule 2.5—3 mm. broad, glabrous.— Coastal sand-dunes and rocks along shores, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.) ped zu o B 15. C. Porteriana Sas pea glabrous: leaf-blades ovate, or ova volueres about 1 mm. long, glabro d aee de dig h, fully as pn as the glands, or SUEDE n3 eapsule abou broad, glabrous: seed about 1 mm. long, markedly angled. Ed Everglade Keys, pen. Fla.—All year. 16. C. scoparia Small. s E ous pale: leaf-blades narrowly elliptie to narrowly ovate, 2-8 mm Or oe , pale or glaucescent beneath: involueres about 1.5 mm. ee ay 2 : gland- eee white or pink, 2 o em prominent and 2 partly De capsule 1.5-2 . broad, glabrous: d i ut 1 mm. long, grayish, scabrous. “Pinelands, ne Florida Keys.—All year. = — 796 EUPHORBIACEAE 17. C. adicioides Small. Shrub mostly less than 0.5 m. tall, finely pubescent with pale hairs, rather sd caer A ee above, zigzag: leaves numerous; blades ovate to oval, 2-3 mm. long, acute or acutish, entire, short-petioled: involucres campanulate, barely ii mm. high, longer than ‘the peduncles, minutely t, decidu eal glands about 0.4 mm. broad: appe Sp obsolete: cap- sule pubescent, less than 1 mm. long. "Sandy shores and hammocks, Florida Keys s.—All year eyensis Sm Branches erect or nearly so, finely pale-pubescent: leaf blades ud to elliptie, oval, or te, 3- g involueres turbinate, & little over ] nely pubescent oues s white or ish, abou is as t glands capsule abou road, ae er seed cent : iau fu 1 mm. lus pubescent glands green; appen aig very narrow, even-edged: capsule fully 2 mm. broad, pubescent: "ecd l mm. long a alae wrinkled, yellowish S Everglade Keys, pen. Fla —All yea 20. C. hypericifolia (L.) Small. Branches glabrous or nearly so, the ultimate ones slender: leaf-bla e mainly elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate, unequally an. usually nearly straight: involucres 1 mm. long or more: pni appen- dages obovate to rms rather conspicuous: capsule fu 2 wide, glabrous: seed brown or reddish- -brown, about 1 mm. long. —Pinclands, pes places, and roadsides, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. C. hyssopifolia (L.) Small Branches glabrous: leaf-blades elliptic, d B elliptic- d or sometimes linear-lanceolate, cod zs e curved or even faleate, mostly T 3 em. long, usually toothed: iiie 1.5 mm. long, g m few 1 (or in termin al cymes; appendag v suborbiculez or reniform, unequal: eapsule 1.5-2 mm. wide, glabrous: E i , bro or black, about 1 mm. long. [Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. E. nu ae Presli Guss.]—(EvE-BANE.) —Hammocks, dero fields, pi waste- -places, nearly throughout U. S. and S Can.—(W. I., , C. A., 8. 4.) —Sum. or all year S. C. Tracyi Small. Branches thinly i E Jeaf-blades Er to slightly oe above the middle: involueres fully . long, spar pubescent : gland-appendages minute, unequal and E eile ed mm. broad, slightly pubescent all over: seed less than 1 mm. long.—Sand-dunes and pine- lands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.—Sum. or all year $8. 23. C. prostrata diri poe Branches pubescent: leaf-blades oval, Dou Or uL. involue . long o bien usually sparingly pubescent: appen dages very aoa prs aP ‘about 2 mm. broad, pubescent about the an zem seed M mm. long or less.—Sandy oil Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—All y C. humistrata (Engelm.) Small Branches dre sant or finely pubescent: pen blades ovate- -elliptic or sometimes narrower: involueres about 1 mm. long, pubescent : dis ages white or red, commonly narrower mun the glands: cap- sule about 1.5 mm. broad, pubescent: seed about 1 mm. lon —Dry or sandy and p various D n W of Blue Ridge, Ala. to Tex., Nebr., Minn., Que., N. Y. —Spr.—fall. C. maculata (L.) Sm Branches like the stem puberulent or p rn blades elliptie or ps ‘elliptic 8-12 mm. long: involueres mostly 1 EUPHORBIACEAE 797 D n 15 mm. wide, pu ent: seed n nearly 1 . long, black b cod “the pale posted On ILK-PUR iu )—Roadsides, E pue waste Da and irc along d various provinces, nearly throughout U. SB. fall or all yea 26. C. Mathewsii Small. Br — € prostrate, copiously loosely pubescent: leaf-blades broadly linear-elliptic to vm de , 1-1.5 em. long, with à black-purple blotch o and scattered hairs beneath: i onc. campanulate, slightly over appendages pale, very narrow, is ual, uneven: eapsule about 1.5 . broad, pubescent: seed less than 1 mm. long. dccus. beaches, opposite Miami, Fla.— All y 27. QC. n Small. Branches villous: leaf-blades ie ay to ovate: invo- ded: L5- 2 mm. long, villous; gland-appendages red or magenta, 2 of them pet pared meh ‘larger than the othe rs, toothed: capsule less than 1.5 mm. broad, m pubescent: seed less than : mm. long, coarsely wrinkled.—Pine- lands, Rverglade Keys, pen. Fla.—All yea C. adenoptera (Bertol) Small. Branches elosely villous: leaf-blades elliptic or ovate-elliptic: involucres 1-1.5 mm. long, finely pubescent; gland- appendages white = T petaloid, 2 of d much larger than the glands: capsule about 1.5 m road, p densely pecan’: seed about 1 mm. long, finely wrinkled. Sud S Fla. —Sp C. hirta (L.) Millsp. E closely pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic to enc -lanceolate, or somewhat t a pecu often prominently blotched: invo- lueres mostly in axillary clusters, 1 mm. long or less, minutely pubescent; gland- Rea ia bu HR A LP ule fully 1 mm. broad, finely pubescent: seed abou [C. pilulifera E Suiail] Hammocks, roadsides, an cult. ee “Coastal 5 Plain, Fla. io "Tex —(W. I., . €. A., S. A.) —All year. . 80. C. gemella (Lag.) Small. Similar to C. hirta but smaller, and with more closely prostrate branches: leaf-blades elliptic to e lanceolate, mostly evenly green: involucres mostly in terminal clusters, a . long, finely . pubescent: gland-appendages white, narrower than ie onda: capsule fully long. } LC. procumbens (Boiss.) Small j— DF eult. grounds, roadsides, and pu ste- places, pen. Fla. Ed the Keys.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) —AM y EPADENA Raf. Annual or biennial herbs, often topped by an abel- Leaf-blades entire. Involueres in rather dense cymes, each with 5 con- MEA pides glands. Capsule pu- escent. Seed led or tuberculate. e ichrophyllum EL & Gareke.]—About 4 species, North American.—EUPHORBIAS.— * URGES 1. L. marginata eder Nieuwl Plant 3- 11 p tall: blades of the upper leaves obovate to ovate, likes the bracts white- margined and conspicuous: involucre-glands with white appendages: capsule strigillose: seed 3-4 m —(SNOW-ON-THE-MOUNTAIN. )—Dry soil and waste-places, various pe Ga. to N. C. T and W; native from Tex. t M., nt., í and Minn.—Spr.-fall b Pus ‘cultivated a iie Bun effect of the massed doliage which suggested the popular na 798 EUPHORBIACEAE 26. TITHYMALOPSIS Kl. & Garcke. Perennial, mostly glabrous herbs often topped by an umbel. Leaf-blades entire. Involucres scattered or some- what clustered in an umbel-like N ORA eaeh with d M Lal Capsule smooth. eed punctate. bou species, Nor can.— EUPHORBIAS.—Some of the species, T. corollata and T. I NM are used medicinally. I ie e) Leaves exceedingly numerous, approximate or imbricate. 1. T. polyphylla. Leaves less numerous, never imbricate. Bun e or prostrate: leaf-blades Dru 2. T. Ipe annee ranches erect or ascending: leaf-blades thin 3. T. graci Glands of the involucre with conspicuous pu ap- 4. T. eriogonoides. T vi ees aa to scales: Draci Holiaceous. 9. T. mercurialina. Stem-leaves with normally expanded blade Inflo RET of scattered long- -Dedüncled invo- Involucres 2-4 mm. across the appenda em-leaves with linear blades, fugacious. 6. T. Curtisii. Stem-leaves with elliptic or lanceolate blades, persistent. T. T. ex Involucres 6-1 mm. across the appendages. 8. T.z a Inflorescence S into terminal cymes or cymose cluster Mo blades ,manifestiy petioled, the petioles ver 2 m lon 9. T. apocynifolia. Leaf-blades e ‘or nearly so, the petioles, if esent, less than 1 mm. lon Involuer res 3.0 mm. across the ‘appendages narrow 10. T. discoidalis. E accom mm. across the app endages. A ppengases about as long as the invo- lu 11. T. olivacea. Appendages much longer than the in- Mee longer than wide: leaf- . blades cu ca 12. T. corollata. Appendages lon wider: leaf-blades relatively Broad. 18. T. paniculata. T. polyphylla (Engelm.) Small. Plant 0.5-2.5 dm tall, the stems T e tuf jn d leafy: leaf- wc linear or linear- -spatulate, 0-10 m : nd- K . bro out 2.5 ed long, white A Pinelands, i Fla.—A]l year T. Ipecacuanhae (L.) Small. Plant ry acid sand, e vegetation is too sparse to carry fire, Coastal Plain and occasionally adj. provin uem Fla. to Tenn, Ind., and Conn cn —fal EUPHORBIACEAE 799 3. T. gracilis (Ell) Small. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the stems very slender, spar- ingly leafy: leaf-blades suborbicular to ovate or PEUX or rarely broader than long: involucres about 2 mm. long; appendages of the glands narrow: ca Menos 3—4 mm. broad: seed 2.5 mm. long.—Pinelands Lo sandhills, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.—All year. eriogonoides Small Plant 1-3 dmi. n the e diffusely kei leaf. “blades linear to linear-spatulate, 0.5-1.5 e ee nvolucres about 1 m long; appendages reniform to suborbicular, avout hie - pee ca 4 mm. broad: seed about 2.5 mm. long. e iaclonds and a, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—Spr.-f A 5. T. mercurialina (Michx.) Small. Plant 1-4 jos tall, often with several stems together: braets oval, es ica or oblong-ovate, 2-9 om. lon ng: invo- lucres 2 mm. long; appendages white, mostly narrower than the glands, ‘aaa late: capsule 5-6 mm. broad: seeds 2. qe m. long, tubereulate.—Rocky woods, Coastal Plain and A balschinn provinces, Fia. to Ala., Tenn., and Ga. a a sum T. Curtisii D Small. Plant 1-5 dm. ien the branches green: leaf- blades linear, 1.5-4 em. long: involueres 1-1.5 mm. long: appen e ages white, din iform p foret a as wide as the EE or wider: capsule 4— : seed about 2 mm. long. Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Spr.-f exserta Small. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, pad Kien. md or purple: leaf- blades dr p to lanceolate, 2—6 e m. long: in abou . long; appen- dages white, cage orm, about as Bong as the Monde or 2 ue nuin long- exserted, 4-5 mm. broad: seed 3-3.5 mm. long.—Pinelands or coastal sands, Fla —All i. 8. T. yere d Plant 3-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades p deri to nearly linear, 2-5 em. long, sessile or nearly so: involueres few, abou long ; appendage white or pink, suborbicular or 4-sided: capsule Aen 4. 5-5 m. broad: seed about 2.5 mm. long.—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala. a p apocynifotia Small. Plant 2-7 dm. tall: nl EL. is oval, 2—7 ong, manifestly pet yon involueres numerou ong; appen- ee akite. orbicular to cuneate, or sometimes T a oe a om broad: seed. 2.5 mm. long.—Sandy soil, " Coastal Plain, Fla. io Miss. and N. C Sum.-fall. 10. T. discoidalis (Chapm.) Small. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear, 2—6 cm. long, sessile: involueres numerous, fully 1 mm. long; appendages white, aea to ovate or 4-sided: capsule exserted, about 3 mm. broad: seed about m. long.—Pinelands, W Fla —Sum.- fall. obovate- -elliptie, or cuneate, 1-3 ¢ ng: involucres numero e ages white, ren niform to ere or cuneate: capsule eee exerted ae im. broad: seed 2.5 mm. long.—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Mis 11. T. olivacea Small. Plant olive-green, 2-7 dm . tall: ie pars) elliptie, m. lon m. long; Sum fal 12. T. corollata (L.) Sm Plant pcs green, a dm. tall: leaf-blades linear, Pages or D b 2—4 em. long: nvolueres numerous, con- .Spicuo 1-1.5 mm. long; ipe d white moii cuneate or orbicular- ipn i eed. 3.5-4.5 mm. broad: seed 2.5 mm. long.—(FLOWERING- SPURGE RAMP 'S-SPURGE. S- Woods, du thickets, and roadsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Mass.—Sum 800 EUPHORBIACEAE T. paniculata ee pir - Plant deep-green, 3-9 dm. tall: psg blades elliptis to oval, 2- . long: involueres are few, about 1.5 mm. long: appends ages white, suborbicular, a at reniform, or somewhat 4- sided: cap- sule 3—3.5 mm. broad: seed 2.5 mm. long. Sandy or rocky woods, Coastal Plain and adj. a Ga. and Ala. to N. C.—Spr.—fall. 27. GALARHOEUS Haw. Annual or perennial herbs or partially woody plants, the stem topped by an umbel. Leaf-blades entire or wi toothed. Stipules ‘wanting. Involueres in open or compact cymes, each with 4 naked or appendaged glands. Capsule smooth or tuberculate. ‘seed ST grooved, reticulate, or smooth. [Tithymalus (Fl. SE. U. 8.)]—About 250 species, widely distributed.—Sum.—SPURGES. EUPHORBIAS. Leaf-blades entire. Leaves of the stem mainly opposite and decussate: capsule 1.5 mm. wide or more. I. LATHYRI. Leaves of the stem alternate or scattered: capsule 1 cm. wide or less. Braets or leaves of the HE ence a UCHOS (rays) opposite: rays simple or dichotomou Stem topped by a repeatedly forked "o EIE II. PEPLI. ees topped by an umbel-like simple or sparingly orked E III. CYPARISSIAE, Bra a or leaves of the inflorescence-branches (rays) As rnate: rays trichotomous. IV. TRICHOTOMI. Leaf-blades gertuia te. V. OBTUSATI I. LATHYRI Annual or biennial coarse plant: leaf-blades entire: glands of the involucre crescent- shaped. 1. G. Lathyrus. II. PLI Glands of the involucre without horndike p Glands with erose-crumpled edge 2. G. floridanus. Glands entire or merely undula Bee Bracts of the rays longer than broad. Stem-leaves with narrowly oblanccdinte to linear blades. 3. G.inundatus. Stem-leaves with obovate, spatulate, or oblanceo- us e blades. 4, G. telephioides. Braets of the rays fully as broad as lon 5. G. Darlingtonii. Glands of the involucre luńate or aeea a d by horn- e processes. vate-reniform or reniform: seeds pitted. 6. G. commutatus. Stem -1eaves with linear blades: bracts deltoid: seeds reticulate. 7T. Œ. austrinus. Surfaces of the seeds longitudinally grooved or with large pits in en rows: capsule with prominently keeled lobes 8. G. Peplus. III. CYPARISSIAE Plants growing in dense colonies, the stems with numerous very narrow leaves, topped by a many-rayed umbel. 9. G. Cyparissias. IV. TRICHOTOMI Fleshy plant with few or many stems or ugs 10. G. trichotomus. V. OBTUSATI Capsule smooth. 11. G. Helioscopia. Capsule warty. Lea Due U rounded at the tip, glabrous; seed retic- Blades of the cauline leaves with cordate or truncate blades, more or less auricled: glands of the invo- luere sta 12. G. obtusatus. Blades of the, cauline leaves narrowed to the base, not auricled : glands of the involucre sessile. 13. G. arkansanus. Leaves acute, A rei beneath; seed smooth. 14. G. platyphylla. EUPHORBIACEAE 801 1. G. Lathyrus (L.) Haw. Stem Fey dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3.5—12 cm. long: bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate: involueres 4-5 mm. long; lobes triangular, wr R-S MYRTLE-SPURGE. )-— Roadsides, cult. grounds, and Wyo cat various provinces, N. C. to hes ., W. Va., and Conn. Nat. of Ev.—Spr.— — Used r medicinally. The seeds yield an oil similar to castor 2, G. floridanus (Chapm.) Small Stem 2- 6 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear to narro ~~ lanceolate, 3-6 cm. long: bracts ovate lanceo : rpasse glands gros oni s edges: capsu 8—10 mm. bro pabsiobese 6 or a 4 mm. b iue smooth.—Pine- lands, Coastal “Plain, M Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—Spr.— 3. G. inundatus (Torr. Small. Stem 1-5 dm. tall: leaf- blades narrowly ob- lanceolate to linear, or slightly broadest above the middle, 3-10 cm. long: braets ovate to elliptic-lanceolate: Topps campanulate, 2-3 mm. long; lobes di: atia l toothed, about as high as the glands: capsu ule 6-7 mm. broad, eed subglobose or ovoid Chae, 3-3.5 mm. long, smooth. —Low pine- er Coastal Plain, W Fla. to Ala.—Spr. eel ka telephioides (Chapm.) Small. Stem 0. a 2 dm. tall: leaf-blades d! oadly spatulate, or oblan papa 2-5 em. long: braets ovate to deltoid: i olde e dly eam Ver ir t 2 mm. pee lobes half. orbicular, ea as high as the nm eapsule 7-8 mm. broad, granular: seed subglobose, about eb. ter. —Pinelands, near the coast, M Fla.— 5. rlingtonii (A. Gray) Small. Stem 3-15 dm. tall: leaves few; blades dui dad to elliptic- reaS .5—10 em. long: bracts reniform to orbicular- iform: l 3—4 mm. long; lo peer | ovate or o toothed or often notched ; aude elliptie: mde ule 8.9 m broad, warty: seed ovoid-globose, 3—4 mm. long.—Woods and ae Piedmont and M EE es, N. C. to N. J. (or N. Y.?).— fall. . G. commutatus (Engelm.) Small. Stem pep ioni dm. long: leaf- blades spatulate to e us ie of the upper ones somewhat 1 anceolate in G. commutatus erectus), 1 . long, with nates’ Ken -like bases; bracts reniform or ovate- reniform: ;involuere 2.5 mm. long; horns 1 mm. long or n nearly so: capsule 3.5-4 mm. broad, smooth: seed ovoid. fully 2 m m. long, d dd pitted.—( WO00D-SPURGE. wd and stream- -banks, various A RN Fla. Mo., Minn., and Pa. 7. G. austrinus Small. Stem erect, 3—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear, mostly 2-5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, very short- a bracts deltoid: involucre 1-1.5 mm. long; horns about 0.5 mm. long: capsule 3-3.5 mm. oun. h: seed avid, nearly 2 mm. uh finely ‘reticulate. —Pinelands, W Fla. 8. G. Peplus (un Haw. Stem erect, 1-3 dm. tall: leaf- nmo eor o obovate, 1-4 em. long: bracts ovate or triangular-ovate: involuer 1.5 m 51 802 | EUPHORBIACEAE long; horns less than 1 mm. long: capsule 2.5-3 mm. broad, osi seed ellip- soid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5 mm. long or less, with 1—4 series of pits.—(PETTY- SPUR E )—Roadsides, waste-places, and cult. grounds, various poe Ala. to Ia. and N. B.; also Calif. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-fall 9. G. Cyparissias (L.) Small. NE s often tuft ed, 1-3 dm. tall: leaves very numerous; blades linear, 2-4 e 2 ie or acutish, entire: bracts ovate, if pd iT d ; glan lunate, nearly 1 mm. iN. BEA A obed ap 3 mm. wide, granular, the lobes rounded: seed ovoid, nearly 2 . long, smooth.— — ( CYPRESS-SPURGE.)— Fence-rows, roadsides, and pes lea various provinces E. U. S. Nat. of Eu. —Sum.- fall. 10. G. o e (H.B.K.) Small. Stem 1—4 dm. tall: leaf- Me euneate 0 : elliptie, 0.5—1.2 em. long: braets TR to the leaves: involuer ands cbreniform: : capsule about road, minutely A T pe E cloboe, pee d en rcu sand- dunes, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W E ea. Allee G. Helioscopia (L.) H Stem 1-3.5 dm. tall: pawn: dps 10 uneate, 1.5—4 cm. long, finely Gi near the rounded o argin apex bracts of the rays cuneate elliptic- EA iue t arbia ulate, out 1.5 mm. high, s A eee led; glands transversely a KS 0.5 m wide, unappendaged: capsule about 4 mm. broad, the Iobes rounded: seed ovoid. arly 2 mm. long, finely aa = ARTWE WEED.) — Fields, waste- o and cult. grounds, various provinces, N. C. to Ill., Ore., Que., and N. Y. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fall. 12. G. Pei Eius Small. Stem 3- - dm. tall: Ed blades spatulate- | ale ong: bracts ovate: involucre 1-1.5 mm. long: sule 3.5—4 bro Mond seed ellipsoid or orbicularellipsoid, 9 mm. lon ng or less, faintly reticulate — (Wanrv-Srurce, ioral soil, often in woods, various prov- s, S. C. to Tex., Ia., and Pa. 13. G. arkansanus eu ben & Gray) Small. Stem 2-5 dm. tall: leaf- bres d a cuneate, 1-3 cm. long: rode es to de involue about . long: capsu E 2. 5-3 mm. bro ad, with elongate warts: P ovoid. lenticular, 1 3-1. o mm. long, o e Pra airies and shaded D vari- s provinces, Ala. to Tex., Colo., and Kans.—Spr.—sum. 14. G. platyphylla (L.) Small. Stem 2—10 dm. tall: leaf-blades rd acute, cordate and auricled at the base, 2-5 em. long, softly pubescent beneath OV la a : smooth.—W aste places vp roadsides, various provinces, Lake Champlain and he xm Lake region, also uil N. Y. and southern La. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.- y fal 28. oe Graham. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs or oody plan Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or lobed, those of the upper ones Me like "i bracts highly colored or discolored. Involucres solitary or cymose, ach with 1, or rarely 3 or 4, unappendaged glands. Capsule smooth. Seeds si ewe —About 12 lin mostly tropieal Ameriean.—Sum.-fall or all ea URGES. DITNAPRTAa EUPHORBIACEAE 803 en or glands of the involucre stalked : bracts and upper leaves m at all iscolore 1. P. den Glan p = the involuere sessile or nearly so: bracts and upper s discolored at the base p while or pale-pink at the base. 2. P. geniculata. tire b ur plant glabro involucral Sand: ostly rd P. pinetorum. Broad p dc with toothed blades. 4. P. heterophylia. 5. P. cyathophora. 1. P. dentata (Michx.) Small. Stem 2-4 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades 1-9 m. long, ovate, lanceolate, or d linear: involuere 2.5-3 mm. long; glands usually solitary: capsule 4—4.5 mm. broad: eed pred abe ulate. Rich ‘soil, dry hills, and plains, san provinces, rarely Coastal ee N. Fla. to N. M., Wyo., 8. D., N. Y 2. P. geniculata (Ortega) iral Stem 3-9 dm. tall, glabrous or ne cur s Po blades elliptic or ovate, 4-9 em. lon ie or obsoletely dentate: bracts often e . long: cap- sule 4—5 void, 3-3.5 ad —Hillsi des and roadsides, Rio Grande Region, Tex, and Fla. Keys—(W. I., Mea x.) 3. P. pinetorum Sm Stem 3-10 tall, glabrous: Hos narrowly elonga ate- er 4—15 em. long: idi s involuere turbinate, mostly less than 3 m. long: capsule p . long: seed 2-2.5 mm. long, slightly tuberculate. LP. havanensis (Fl. SE "8. Ny piscina and aay places, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla. and Florida eae —(W. I.) 4, P. heterophylla (L.) Small. Perennial, stem 3-12 dm. tall: leaf- pue AINTE SPURGE. )—Ham oeks, wooded banks and "i places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Minn. and Il.— (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 5. P. cyathophora (Murr.) S Annual, stem 1. ü m. tall or less, pubes- cent: leaf-blades elliptie or dern pois to obovate o ovate, or narrower De e- cially on the branches, 5-18 em. long: involuc D eunus uio 3.5-4 mm. long: eapsule 4—4.5 mm. long: seed 3-3.5 mm. lo ong, tubereulate.— (PAINTED “LEAF. )— Hammocks, cult. grounds, waste-places, and roadsides, —(W. I. Mez., C. A., S. A) =k form, apparently of one or the other of the two preceding o dr. perhaps as an immigrant in the Central States up into Kans., Minn., and Il. 29. EUPHORBIA L. Very succulent cactus-like shrubs or trees, with angled or ribbed spine-armed jointed stems and branches. Leaves small or 804 CALLITRICHACEAE minute, often scale-like, fleshy, early de- ciduous, or obsolete. Involueres solitary or clustered, each with five mostly unappend- aged glands. Capsule usually smooth.— About 30 species, of the Old World. l. E. lactea Haw. Plants 1-5 m, eopiously branched, E branches 3- ELT the angles repand, with the e bos marbled: spines Pug subulate, 3-7 long, divergent: leaves between i ts Spi pen a. suomi cular to orbicular-reniform, m. wide, . us. nearly sessile.— (afore sro) Hamm ocks and waste- plaees, Florida Key Nat. of E. I.—(W. I., Mex dur eus id Ex for ornament and for hedges in tropical regions. 0. TITHYMALUS Mil. Shrubs with fleshy branches. Leaves succu- lent: blades flat, entire or undulate-erisped. Involucres borne in dichotomous, often contracted cymes, oblique and stron 2-lipped, the lower tip much larger than the upper. Caps keeled or horned.—About 30 species, tropi- eal American. [Pedilanthus Neck.] 1. T. Smalli (Millsp.) e Plant 3-16 dm. tall or more, the stem and branches sien zigzag: leaves spreading; pu vate to ovate-lanceolate, 4—1 in- Mos s 12-14 mm. long, ma n " "the two , lange o broadly ovate, ciliolate: sta- | ns style exserted: eapsule 6-7 mm Pinelands Bverglade Keys, pen. Fla. and Florida Keys. Nat. of trop. Am., and eult.—All year.—Used medicinally. Faminy 2. CALLITRICHACEAE — Nao FAMILY Herbs, often a 2d tender tissues. Leaves opposite: blades entire, or 3-nerved. Flowers polygamous, minute, axillary, often ee ly bracted alyx ere i orolla wanting. Androecium of single of 4 united e e Ovary 4celled. Fruit cori- aceous, “indehiscent, 4-lobed. —One g RICHE L. Aquatic or more or less amphibious plants, the opposite leaves often E e or eae at the ends of the stem and nches. Flowers inconspicuous, green.— About 20 species, of wide geographic distribution. —WATER-STARWORTS. Carpels permanently united: leaf-blades in terrestria! plants, or of E leaves in aquatics, obovate to spatulate and 3-veine I Carpels, in fruit, separate RNY to the axis: leaf-blades uni- formly linear and 1-veine II. AUTUMNALES. CALLITRICHACEAE 805 VERNAE Fruit manifestly pedicelled : leaves E Fruit about 0.8 mm. er Styles Sree 1. C. terrestris. Fruit about 0.7 mm. styles deciduous. 2. C. Nuttallii. Fruit essentially sessile. tyles much shorter than the fruit. 3. C. palustris. Styles fully as long n the fruit. Aquatic: fruit 1 mm. broad. 4. C. heterophylla. Terrestrial: fruit "0. 5 mm. broad. 5. C. peploides. II. AUTUMNALES a d with leaf-blades notched at the apex. . 6. C. autumnalis. 1. S Raf. Terrestrial, "de iier in drying, the foliage scaleless: leaf dades eedem 2-3 mm. long: fruit broader than long. [C. Austin nii Engelm.]—Damp shaded soil, various disi inces, rarely a Plain, ' Ala. to Tex., Mo., Conn., and Va.—(M ex. )—Sum.-fall. : 2. C. Nuttalli Torr. UNA, = fo Et ; p fruit broader than long.—Moist soil, Coastal Plain and un T adj. provinces, Ala. to La. and oa eile um. 3. L. e tie, the fol scaly: blades oe the submerged leave RISO. those of the emersed ones spatulate, shorter than the submersed ones: Ad 2 seales: fruit obovoid, about 1.5 te long. [C. verna WATER-CHICKWEED Ponds and streams, various provinces, U. 8. and Can.—(S. A., 0. W. )—Spr.- 4. C. heterophylla Pursh. Aquatic or rarely oe A apis of the sub- mersed leaves filiform or linear, those of the emersed ones spatulate: fruit decidedly e —Slow-flowing streams, pools, "and ditches, various prov- inces, Fla. to La., Colo., Man., and Newf.—Sum b. C. peploides Nutt. Terrestrial, the plant matted: leaf-blades uniform, obovate, oblanceolate, or elliptic: fruit ag or nearly so.—Moist soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Ark.—Spr.— 6. C. autumnalis L. Aquatic with stems 6-17 em. long: leaf-blades narrowly ed 5-12 mm. long: fruit orbicular-reniform, scarcely 2 mm. wide, 2 -lobed, sessile.—Ponds, lakes, and streams, various provinces, La. to Colo., Ore., Man., and Que.—(E£u.)—Sum.—fa ul. ORDER SAPINDALES — SAPINDAL ORDER Shrubs or trees. Leaves various: blades simple and entire or toothed, or compound. Calyx of distinct sepals. Corolla of distinct petals, regular or rarely irregular, or wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there are petals, or of twice as many, or rarely of more or fewer. Filaments distinct. Gynoecium of a single carpel, or of several united earpels. vary superior. Ovules 1 or 2, or several, in each cavity of the ovary, pendulous, with the raphe away from the axis of the ovary, or erect or ascending. Fruit various—Exceptions to the woody plants are Pachy- sandra and Cardiospermum. | 806 BUXACEAE Corolla wanting: stamens 4 (in our genus): styles e Far 1. BUXACEAE. Corolla present or if Bier te A un stamens 6: ae yles present, or united, rarely sin Stigmas tufted or many-cleft. Fam. 2. EMPETRACEAE. Stigmas entir Plant with resin- -bearing tissues. Fam. 3. SPONDIACEAE. . Plant not resin-bearing. Leaf-blades simple, n veined. Each i vity of the ary with a single ule, Flowers in racemes: fruit a dry terete or a winged, coriaceous rupe. Fam. 4. CYRILLACEAE. Flowers not racemose: fruit a fleshy rupe. Fam. 5. AQUIFOLIACEAE. Each cavity of the ovary with 2 or more ovules. Disk ee dtd oe p er introrse: seed often rilled Fam. 6. CELASTRACEAE. ree extrorse: seed not arilled. Fam. 7. HIPPOCRATEACEAE. Disk S. corolla wanting. Fam. 8. DODONAEACEAE. ids er DIS and palmately veined or mpou De e oppos site. Fruit capsular. "lowers regular: fruit me branous, bladdery 3 lobe d a sule: leaf-blades pinnately com- ound. Fram. 9. NTAPHYLEACEAE. Flowers irregular: fruit a leath- ery lobular capsule: leaf- blades digitately compound. Fam. 10. AESCULACEAE. Fruit a samara. . Fam. 11. ACERACEAE. Leaves alternate, in our species. Fam. 12. SAPINDACEAE. Faminty 1. BUXACEAE — Box FaAwILY Shrubs, trees, or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or m ofte persistent: blades simple. Flowers monoecious or dioeciou Ea several sepals or wanting. Corolla wanting. Androecium T stamens. Gynoecium of 2—4 united carpels. Fruit a capsule or a drupe.—About 6 genera and 35 species, us distributed. 1. PACHYSANDRA Michx. Herbs with leaves and flowers on separate branches. Leaves dede: approximate. Flowers brownish, monoecious, spi- eate. Staminate flowers with 4 sepals and 4 stamens. Bn ate flowers with 4 or more sepals and a 3-celled ovary. Capsule 3- ied 3 xen Seeds 2 in each cavity. Sev- eral species, mostly Asiatie P. procumbens Michx. Stem obovate, oval ; times coarsely toothed: spikes 3-1 g: wers musk-scented, the pistillate few at the base of spike: outer sepals ovate or elliptic, the i broader, lpt n capsule ubglobose, about 1 em. in diameter, each carpel with a a long curyed Bo —( ALLE GHENY-MOUNTAIN SPURGE.) — Rie woods, often in calcareous soils, various N W. Fla. to La., Ky., and W. Va. —5p EMPETRACEAE 807 FAMiy2. HMPETRACEAE — Cnow-sEeRRY FAMILY Shrubs, mostly resembling heaths. Leaves alternate or whorled, some- times numer and crowded. Flowers dioecious or rarely polygamous C 2 or 3 als. Corolla of 2 or 3 petals, or wantin ndroe- cium of 2-4, mostly 3 stamens. Gynoec of 2-several united carpels.— Three genera and few species, but ee distributed. 1. CERATIOLA Michx. Evergreen shrubs. Leaf-blades narrow, revo- 2 and thus e tubular. Flowers 2 or 3 in an axil. Sepals 2. Petals tamens Ovary 2-eelled. Drupe with : nutlets.—One species. 1. C. ericoides Michx. Shrub 3-15 tal: leaves crowded and spreading, 8- m. long: flowers red or yellowish: sepals bout 1 mm. long: A go digas pio subglobose, 2-3 m n diameter, yellow red.—(RosEM c zs pi SER Amd hills, and serub, often in very acid so oil, | somewhat uncertain io but asso- ciated en as E iba es of northern North hee mbles the heaths in habit in n pre pleasant aroma it gives off. It has two deadly enemies. Throughout its range fire has de- veni vast areas of it, while in bd peninsular cues Ani parasitic woevine (Cassytha) is equally as destructive.—Spec o collected at Palma Sola, Florida, have been described as C. icio m. Gandoger Famity 3. SPONDIACEAE — Sumac FAMILY hrubs, trees, or vines, with a milky, resinous, often se or caustic . s alternate: blades simple or pinnately compou Flow monoecious, ecious, or polygamous. Calyx of 3-6 ae, Corolla of 3—5 petals , larger than the Ras — ia roecium ue ey or rarely more, a Gynoe ecium of 1, ur 5.m r less ted carpels. Fruit a drupe or a berry.—Sixty UR and 500 RU. euet tropical. Gynoecium 1-earpellary: style single: ovary on a swollen receptacle: leaves with simple blades I. MANGIFEREAE. Gynoecium 3- Een pella: styles or stigmas 3: ovary not on a swollen receptacle: leaves with simple or compound blades. II. RHOEDEAE. I. MANGIFEREAE Trees with narrow leaf-blades and Nor Pun rs. 1. MANGIFERA. II. RHOEDEAB Ovary, and drupe, very oblique: style laterally oblique: leaves with broad E blades 2. COTINUS. Ovary, and drupe, nor oblique: style terminal: leaves with Compound. bla Drupe somewhat Slo ate, the coats permanently united. 3. METOPIUM. Drupe pera ne coats ultimately separating. Dru a glabrous or sparingly pubescent outer a re E ribbed. 4. TOXICODENDRON. Drupe with a copiously pubescent outer coat: stone TUIS polygamous, in terminal thyrsoid panicles x adi after the leaves. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, in solitary or clustered Spi ikes in the axils, before the leaves. 6. SCHMALTZIA. B RHUS. 808 SPONDIACEAE 1. MANG L. Trees. Leaf-blades simple, relatively narrow. Flowers polygamo- MPa in stiff panicles, the branches not plumose. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 2 Ovary ob- lique: bx 1, htm. pHs oid to some- what reniform, smooth: ce tenaciously fibrous-coated. ed 14 species, Asiatic. 1. M. indica L. Leaf-blades leathery, elliptic to linear-elliptie or linear-lanceolate, mostly 1-3.5 dm. long, reticulate: panicles —4 ong: flowers greenish, yellowish, or red: sepals ovate: petals elliptic or obovate, 3.5—4 n long: drupe 5-10 En long, aromatic. — (MaNnco.) — Hammocks and oe ‘S pen. Fla. and the Keys. O Nat. of I., and cult.—Spr.—Grown in | many i b its ace fruit. 2. COTINUS Adans. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades simple, relatively broad. Flowers mostly e or dioecious, in loose panicles which often have plumose branch ls 5. Petals obliquely reniform, veiny: stone glabrous.— Two species, the following and one Eurasian. 1. C. americanus Nutt. Shrub, or tree be- coming 12 m. tall: leaf-blades membranou us, obovate or oval, 4-15 em. long: panicles 1-3 ong, the branches glandular-villous: sepals ‘ovate: petals Wd ovate, green: drupe 5 mm. lo d [C. cotinoides (Nutt.) Rock ct (c Britton.]—(SMOKE-TREE. Y Ro y estone hills, Interior "Platea au provinces, Ala. to Ark. (o —BSpr. wood is eoarse-grained, light and soft; durable in contact with the soil as fence- Ee It yields a yellow dye. 3. METOPIUM P. Br. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades pinnate. Flowers nd in open panicles. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Ovary equilateral. Styles united: stigma 3-lobed. i not oblique ud species, West India M. toxiferum (L.) Krug & Urban ide or tree becoming 14 m. tall, with a ular: petals élliptie to ovate or oval yellow-green and often da ES lined within: drupe 10—15 nu. long.—(Porsonwoop. | DocTOR-GUM. CoRAL-SUMAC.)—Hammocks, pinelands, and eys.—(W. is a powerful "skin-pois on. The sap-wood is yellow or light-brown; the dark-brown and SPONDIACEAE 809 red-streaked heart-wood is heavy and hard, but not strong. A p tree in hammocks, a shrub, often with diffuse or depressed stems in pinelan 4. TOXICODENDRON [Tourn.] Mill Shrubs, trees, or woody vines, with poisonous sap. Leaf-blades pinnately compound. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, in rather dense panicles, white or greenish. Sepals 4-6. Petals 4-6. Ovary glabrous. Styles short. Drupe mostly glabrous, the sarcocarp wax- secreting. Seed ribbed.—About 20 species, North American and Asiatie—Spr.— sum.—The sap is a powerful skin poison. Some of the species are used medicinally. Leaf-blades 3-foliolate: vines or low shrubs: panicles of fruits spreading. Stems climbing or erect especially when young: blades of n leafiets coarsely toothed or entire, thin 1. T. radicans. Stem ect: blades of the leaflets lobed, thickish. 2. T. Toxicodendron., Leaf-blades. T-11- foliolate: tall shrub or tree: panicles of fruits drooping. 3. T. Verniz. 1. m radicans es Kuntze. Ste em elim Es by aérial roots: blades of the rows, and swamps, various provinces, to Miss. Nebr., Minn., and N. S.—(W ledflets ovate in out ae or Pd obovate, g, eoarsely erenate-lobe ni- cles densely flowered: petals lliptic-lanceo. late, about 2.5 mm. lo upe gl e. [Rhus Toxicodendron ]—(Por- SON-OAK.) — Dry woods and pin EE ie es Plain id rarely adj. Aras Fla. ex. 'lenn. and N. J. bu ms are Simple or little eae | The lea flet- peered are much firmer in texture than in radicans, and strongly Bcc benea 3. T. Vernix (L.) Kuntze. Shrub or small tree: blades of the lateral leaflets elliptie, or oval, 4—15 cm. long, undulate: petals linear-elliptie, about 2 mm 5 mm. broad, i oping panicles Us long: drupes subglobose, about ad, i l [Rhus Ver- nis L. us ve s pial era OOD. POISON-ELDER. POISON-DOGWOOD. iw SUMAC.)— alluvial swamps and wet woods, vari- ous provinces, Fla d Me -—The heart-wood, coarse-grained, ; , Minn light and soft, is am P with, yellow. RHUS L. Shrubs or trees, not alana Leaf-blades pinnately com- pound. several-foliolate. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, borne in termina usually compact panicles, white or oe a ie Sepals commonly 5. Petals commonly 5. Ovary pubescent. Style short. Drupe pubescent. Seed smooth and even.—About 125 species, natives of temperate and warm regions.—Spr.— ‘Sumacs. The bark and leaves are sometimes used for tannin ng. Rachis of the leaf wingless, terete or nearly so: fruiting panicles in . HIRTAE. Rachis of the leaf winged: fruiting panicles nodding. JI. LEUCANTHAE. 810 SPONDIACEAE I. HinTAE Foliage more or less glaucous or pale. MED. and drupes usually pubescent with soft very t Leaflets with. acuminate, sharply serrate blades 1. R. eo "res with crenate-serrate blades, rounded at the apex. 2. R. Ashei panicles m and drupes bristly pubescent with long Du ps hair 3. R. hirta. Foliage. ‘densely i ee with brownish hairs, not glaucous. 4. R. Michauaii. I. LEUCANTHAE Bark of the trunk gray, dull: petals ou 2.5 mm. long: anthers broadly ellipsoid, scarcely 1m long. Blades of the leaflets aE, and usually acute: leaf-. Su Dn 9, [5] e n c x © fe [o7 pai te 46 pedo CO» Ot A . R. Copallinum. Blades of the leaflets obtuse: leaf-rachis narrowly winged. . R. obtusifolia. Bark of the trunk red, shining: aH about 3 mm. long: anthers linear-ellipsoid, fully 1 mm. lon -1 . R. leucantha. R. glabra L. rub or tree a 6 m. tall, leaflets 11-31; blades 2s Or pe ( that of the terminal E often ovate), 3 3-8 cm. long: petals ut 2 mm. long: drupe velvety, the ston Mes a ee obe e E. UM RED-SUMAC.) —Dry rich wre and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to La., Minn., and N. S.—3Spr.- —-The ange- colored and green-strea ked er eu is ii -grained, -a and brittle. The fruit- ing panicles are erect. 2. R. hei Small. Shrub with glaucous stems: leaflets 13-17; blades elliptic to oval- iptie, : he drupe Not Mill. ]--Sandy soil, Piedmont, il (L.) Sudw. Shrub, or tre sus "E m. tall, with pubescent foli- age: leaflets 11-31; blades bacs to lanceolate, or that of the terminal one ovate-lanceolate, 4-15 e m pet E about 3 mm. long: p L1 E stone 3-3.5 mm. long. hus typhina L.]—(ST AGHORN- -SUMAC. VELVET- ds 2) Roadeides and hillside- "o various provin a La. S. . B.—Spr.-sum.—The fruits of this and of pee de are used to lus A ‘acid drink, similar to lemonade. . Michauxii Sarg. Shrub with densely pubescent stems: leaflets 9-15; blades pie oval, or elliptie-ovate (that of the M. one often ovate), —10 em. long: stone of the drupe about 3.5 mm. long. hus pumila Michx. Na Meerb. ]—(FArs SE POISON-SUMAC.)—Sandy. soil, Piedmont, Ga. to N. C.— Spr. 5. R. Copallinum L. Shrub, or tree becoming 10 m. tall and 2.5 dm. in diam- eter, the bark thick, scaly: leafiets ge blades iwi to elliptic-lanceolate or m. long.—(DwARF- sometimes oval, 3-10 em. long: stone the S OUNTAIN-SUMAC. Pus SU S MAC . _Saroorm sunao.) —Dry, often stony soil, and hillsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., an —Sum He —THie heart ond light- -brown streaked with green, is CET ed. light and 1 soft. The fruiting panicles are drooping. an R. O Small. Shrub: ae or blades ovate to elliptie, i ong: petals about 2.5 mm. long: of the drupe e 3.5-4 mm. lo Pinelands, Pen E —sum. or a year s CYRILLACEAE 811 7. R. leucantha Jacq. Shrub, or tree becoming 9 m. tall, the bark thin, soft, Ars. peeling: leaflets 15-33; blades narrowly elliptie to linear-lanceolate, 3—9 em. long: stone of the drupe about 3 mm. long.—(SOUTHERN-SUMAC.)— Huge. Everglade Keys, Fla.—(W. I.)—All year. SCHMALTZIA Desv. Shrubs or trees, aromatic, not poisonous. Leaf- Ege: pinnately d usually 3- ad Flowers polygamous or dioeci- ous, in ament-like racemes or panicles ore the leaves, Scu Hes green. Rea com- monly 5. Petals commonly 5. Ovary pubes- cent: styles short. rupe pubescent with crimson hairs, the sarcocarp not wax-secret- Seed smooth and even.—About 8 species, N v American.—S WEET-SUMACS.— The bark of some species is used medicinally. 1. S. crenata (Mill) Greene. Shrub with diffuse stems, 1-2.5 m. tall: leaflets 3; blade M : f the terminal one mostly ovate or obovate flowers yellow: 7 É ter S. aromatica (Ait.) y GRANT- AC. d P SUMAC.)—Dry woods, often in calcareous soils, various provinces, Fla. to La., Mun un and Ind.— e genus Schmaltzia has been pr.— interpreted as uc up of many species. All, ex id i present iban have geographie ranges northward and westward of our range. Faminy 4. CYRILLACEAE — Tırı FAMILY Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, mostly evergreen: blades entire. Flowers perfect. borne in lateral or terminal narrow racemes or raceme- white. Androecium of 5 o stamens. Gynoecium of 2-5 united car- pels: us united: stigmas 2-5. Fruit a dry ead or winged nut-like drupe.—Three genera a about 12 species, America Panicles lateral: sepals ee Bee acute, narrowed upward : stamens dd ovary 2-celled : fruit terete, not w 1. CYRILLA. Panicles terminal: died une ae petals aad een up- : s 10: y 3- or 4-celled: fruit winged. 2. CLIFTONIA. 1. CYRILLA Garden. Shrubs or small trees, with pale close bark. Leaves with veiny blades at Wa Panieles raceme-like, narrow, clustered, spreading in anthesis. Sepals acute or acuminate. Petals narrowed upward, clawless, about twice as long as ic sepals. Stamens equal: filaments flattened. Style short. Fruit.an almost terete spongy drupe, spreading.—Four or five species, the following and the others tropical American.—IRONWooDS. TITIS. RED-TITIS. WHITE-TITIS. ‘Leaves mostly 5-10 cm. long ; ; blades thick-membranous : petals 3 Pur long or more: rupe conic-ovoid or ovoi . C. racemiflora. Leaves m 1-4 cm. Pee : blades coriaceous: petals less than ng: dru globose-ovoid or subglobose. Sepa kw "ovata an nner apiculate. 2. C. parvifolia. Sepals lanceolate: anthers notched. 3. C. arida. — . 812 CYRILLACEAE . C. racemiflora L. eae Boop ants Aenea shrub or small tree reaching a height of 10 m. andam m trunk diameter of 3 dm., semi-evergreen, the trunk clothed with a clos near or whitish bark: leaf-blades Blu nous, ob- laneeolate, obovate, or nearly elliptie, 5-10 -15 cm. 1 finall E sepals ovate or ovate- E, l mm. long, acute: corolla white, 4-5 m broad: nc lanceolate or cblong-laneco- l te, 3 long more, acute rupe conic- ovoid or ovoid, 2. 5-3 mm. long, er minutely granular: 'seeds narrowly ovoid.— (LEATHERWOOD. E-HUCKLEBERRY. BLACK- Fla. , Mo., . Va.—Spr. The DNE and red-tinged heart-wood is close- 223 heavy, and hard. The flowers are an important source of honey. 2. C. parvifolia Raf. Glabrous evergreen compact, rigid, and much branched ade shrub 1-5 m. tall, evergreen: leaf-blades thin-coriaceous, oblanceolate or linear- oblanceolate, 1-4 em. long, acute or WP UA lustrous above, paler beneath, more ee less reticulate: racemes slender, 3—8 c age di wee mm. long, commonl rac s: E. vate, lm : corolla white, 3—4 mm. broad: petals broadly E A L oe, m. long, more than twice as Ius as the sepals, obtuse, ii ed at the base and above the midrib: stamens included: drupe subglobose or globose-ovoid, long, slightly granular.—Swamps and bays, Coastal Plain, N Fla. t > Ia cum ge Small eae perhaps also a shrub, usually with vine-like bra nehes : leaves evergreen, ximate near the ends of the branches; peer elliptic- a. e RU nccolnt te, or narrowly elli iptie, 1-3 em. long, thick coriaceous: panicles stly 2-6 em. long: sepals acuminate: petals ptic. a about mus as long as the sepals, 2-2.5 mm. long: drupe globose- ovoid, often em about 2 mm. long. —Serub, nina sand-dunes, S lake region, Fla.—Sum 2. CLIFTONIA Gaertn. Shrubs or small trees, with dark scaly bark. Leaves with smooth blades. Panicles raceme-like, stout, not clustered, erect in anthesis. Sepals very broad and rounded, often reniform. Petals broadened upwards, e u tyle wanting. Fruit a winged nut-like drupe, nodding.—One species. 1. C. Mere (Lam.) Sarg. Shrub or tree becoming 8 m. tall: leaves evergreen; blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic-oblanceo- em. long, pale or ova a ; "puse E ieee 2-9 cm. long: s fragrant: sepals about 0.5 mm. long: petals spatulate elliptic- -obovate, or cuneate, m. long, or sometimes sho rter: drupe ovoid to oval, 6-7 mm. long, the de Mem E at both ends. [C. ligustrina Sims ]|— (Trt. ' BLACK- mm. Buck- AQUIFOLIACEAE | 813 WHEAT-BRUSH. OM )—Non-alluvial swamps and bays, often in acid soil, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to La. and Ga.—Spr.—The brown and red-tinged heart- wood is close- Bes pe heavy, but 1 brittle. The flowers are an important source of hon Famity 5. AQUIFOLIACEAE — Horny FAMILY Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades simple. Flowers perfect or polygamous. Calyx of 4-6 dS sepals. n of 4—6 petals, often united an Eh n Androecium stamens Gynoecium united e Fruit E M Three BOUE and 300 species, in tem- perate and rat region 1. ILEX L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly persistent: blades entire or toothed. Flowers sometimes nearly dioecious. Sepals persistent. Co de- eiduous, white or greenish-white. Drupe with 4-8 nutlets.— mostly Ameriean.—HoLLrES.—The flowers of some species are an important souree of honey. Some of the red-fruited species are used for decorations for winter festivals. Fruit with smooth nutlets. Fruit d ribbed or striate nutlets. ets Wo on the back : leaves deciduous : ‘blades thick-membranous or herbaceous, Subgenus II. PRINOIDES. Nutlet few- ribbed. or l -grooved on the Man leaves persistent, evergreen: blades -coriaceou Subgenus I. PRINOS. Subgenus III. AQUIFOLIUM. PRIN Drupes black, except in a red-fruited form L B glabra: leaves persi istent ; blades leathery. Leaves with blades of an obovate or ee type prevail- ing; petioles S short and stou dle, not spine-tippe E mostly less than 6 mm. in diamete 1. I. glabra. u e spinescent-toot hed above the middle or e-tipp rupes mostly over 6 mm. in diameter. 2. I. coriacea. spin Leaves with blades oe an ovate type prevailing; petioles poc long and slender. 3. I. Krugiana. Drupe ys dE EUR ed ge-red, Dr Scarlet : leaves deciduous; blades er St taminate mud pistillate flowers on pedicels of about equal 4. I. verticillata. Steminate flowers on conspicuously slender and long pedi- : the pistillate shorter-pedicelled. 5. I. laevigata. II, PRINOIDES pue ee solitary or clustered, without a common pedu Leaf-blades typically broadest above the middle. Nutlets faintly ribbed and striate: leaf-blades glabrous or meee ciliate. or 3-9 em. long: drupe shorter than the Leaf-blade 1-2 em. long: drupe longer than the 1C Nutlets prominently ribbed and striate: leaf-blades pu- bescent beneath or usually so Pedicel much longer than the drupe: drupes solitary or 2 E ether. 8. I. Cuthberti. M much Shorter than the drupe: drupes more ess clustered. 9. I. decidua. Leaf-blades Dido at the middle or below it. eaf- es glabrous or with few hairs about the nerves: ca ane glabrous with eaf-blades x em, long, inconspicuously toothed: Carolinian. 6. I. longipes. T. I. Curtissii. 814 AQUIFOLIACEAE Dm subeoriaceous : drupe 9-11 mm. in di- H e I. Buswellii. Leaf- blades membranous: drupe 6-7 mm. in di- I. ambigua. Leaf-blades "6-20 em. long, conspicuously toothed: Alleghenian. 2. I. monticola. . Leaf-blades densely pubescent beneath: oe pubescent. 13. I. Beadlei Staminate flowers several on a common pedun 14. I. ere iene III, AQUIFOLIUM Leaf-blades entire or with a few appressed teeth near the T “m f-blades linear or narrowly elliptic, or broader hoots, 1—4 cm. long. 15. I. myrtifolia. | f- blades elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 4-10 cm. long. 16. I. Cassine. i rae EE ed or sinuate. -l 17. I. vomitoria. dee d rarely only the terminal one present. eaf-blades cuneate or cuneate-obovate, with “the teeth ace cted forward: nutlets oval, shallowly grooved and blunt-ridged. 18. I. cumulicola. Leaf-blades oval, elliptic, or elliptic-obovate, with the teeth spreading: nutlets deeply grooved and shar rp- ridged. 19. I. opaca. 1. I. glabra (L.) A. Gray. Shrub 0.5-1.5 m. tall, with velvety-pubescent twigs: leaf-blades obovate, pe pure elliptic, or a or rarely ovate, 1-5 em. long, acute or o middle tire or ind p ZR EVERGREEN-WINTERBERRY. BERRY.)— ~ pinelands, swamps, and prairies often n acid soil, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, n n La. and N. S.—Spr.- early interesting form, rather an peA than typical I. glabra occurs in pen. Florida. The drupe is red and rather pointed. - L aren ieee Chapm. Shrub 1-3 tall, rly so: leaf-blades obovate, o elliptic- -oblanceolate, or oval, long, acute or usu ally short- -acuminate, entire or with saber E teeth above the middle, dark-green and o above, short-petioled: SAM nid bs 9-4 mm. wide: sta wo corolla ee mm. wide: Ne upe globos - diameter, black, shining. [Z. luci a CAIR). T. & G.] amor -GALLBER € D Non- alluvial swamps, Coastal Plein "Fla. to La. and S Va.—(Mez. (9))—Spr. L Krugiana Loesener. Pe e tree x m. bes, with glabrous twigs: leaf- blades e or ovate, 4~7.5 em. long, ate, mo s ide deep -green and lustrous P , slenãer-petioled staminate > calyx AE wide: stami- nate corolla 5 wide: drupe 5. ipd pon as long as —(W. 1.)— the sta Qno" S- Eo )—Hammocks, fu Keys, Fla.— Win . I. verticillata (L.) Gray. Shrub, or small tree sometimes m. tall, with glabrous or slightly pubescent twigs: leaf- bap eia eliptic or oval, bat hag to ovate or obov —8 em. long, acute t both ends, more or less oo n beneath often strongly reticulate, pu staminate calyx about 2 wide: nate corolla 6-7 mm. wide: drupe 6-8 mm. in Fens T, pi (BL ACK: M WINTERPERRY. FEVER-BU SH. E aa w woods, various provinces, Fla. to La., Mo., Ont., and N. S.—S AQUIFOLIACEAE 815 9. I. laevigata (Pursh) A. Gray. Shrub, or small tree yd 6 m. tall, with glabrous twigs: leaf-blades thinnish, elliptic or oval, or sometimes ee or oblanceolate, 3-9 em. long, acute or mostly acuminate, appressed-serrate, i pubescen e veins be- glabrous on both surfaces or sometimes sparingly pube t on th e neath: staminate calyx mm, w staminate cor mm. wide i -18 mm. in diameter, orange-red.— ( SMO0TH-WINTERBERRY. Hoor- and wet woods, often in acid soil, erus Oe in 0D.) —Swamps Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Pa., N. H., and Me.—Spr.-early 6. I. 1 E Chapm. Shrub or tree 7 m. tall, with widely band branches and glabrous twigs: leaf-blades rather coriaceous, nearly elliptic or oval but ded eh slightly above the middle, often bid Rb quii j a 2 serrate, the teeth often tipped w a spine-ike des staminate calyx about 2.5 mm. wide: s ince eorolla 6—7 mm. wide: drupe globose, red, 7-10 mm. in diameter.—Rocky banks, various pees Fila. Tenn., and N. C.—Spr. 7. I. Curtissii (Fernald) Small. Shrub or small tree with spreading branches and gla brous twigs: leaf-blades thin-coriaceous spatulate to elliptic- T acute or obtuse, a. dai n ET -petioled: flowers not seen: drupe globose, red, 4-5 mm. in diameter. [I. decidua Curtissii Fernald ld ]— Hammocks, along rivers, Fla. a I ont mpero E _ Shrub or small tree ie Pignus pond pubescent y obov both sides, but Done so beneath: flowers not ca drupe w 8-10 mm. in diameter.—Woods, Coastal Plain, Fla., and Ga.—Spr. 9. I. decidua Walt. Shrub, or small tree 10 m. tall, the twigs glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades thickish, i, a or nearly elliptic, em. long, obtuse or retuse at the apex, erenate-serrate, dark-green and pec above, paler and usually pubescent beneath: staminate ca alyx 2.0-3 mm. wid m staminate corolla ye mm. wide: drupe globose, 7-9 mm. in ers orange r nl searlet.—(D Mid uds EAR-BERRY, POSSUM-HAW. WELK- HOLLY.)—Alluvial s Swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans, and Md.— Spr. P, e creamy-white heart- wood is close- -grained, heavy, and hard. 10. I. Bus wellii Small. Shrub up to 3 m. tall with numerous oo the dark-purple twigs Seen leaf- blades elipti ir or ovate, 2-3 c . lon ng, serrulate above the m : drupe globose, 9—11 mm. in di ameter, red E Hammocks, along the Cio. Fla. Wint- a 11. I. ambigua (Michx.) Chapm. Shrub or small tree rarely up to 6 m. tall, the purple twigs glabrous: leaf-blades elliptic, oval, or suborbicular, 4-7 cm. long, serrulate or crenate-serrulate, least above the middle: drupe globose- oval, 6-7 mm. in diameter, red. . caroliniana (Walt.) Trelease, not Mill. ]— Hammocks, scrub, and sandhills, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., (Mo. 1) and N. O.—Spr. 12. I. nes ola. A. Gray. Ska or tree 12 m. tall, with glabrous twigs (or with pubes ontic elliptic to d varying to bi um above or below the middle, 6-20 cm. long, acuminate, serrate, deep-green above, paler beneath, glabrous s on the nerves: staminate aps 3—4 mm. wide: staminate cor rolla 4-5 mm. wide: drupe globose, about 1 cem. in diameter, Maid rlet.—( MOUNTAIN- Eu. MOUN- -WINTERBERRY. HULVE Dc mountain slopes, Blue Ridge and more northern provine ; Ga. and Ala o N. Y.—Spr.—The e creamy-white heart-wood is elose-grained, pod and ha a 816 AQUIFOLIACEAE 13. I. Beadlei Ashe. Shrub or small pde with pubescent twigs: leaf-blades elliptie, oval, or suborbieular, sometimes varying to slightly broader below the middle, 3-8 em. long, acute or short nubis, serrate, densely pubescent be- neath and d pubeseent soo: staminate calyx 2-2.5 mm. wide: staminat corolla 5-6 m wide: drupe Wer Paria 8-10 mm. long. mcd woods, pr I. Amel anchier M. A. Curt Shrubs with more or less persistently soft- eacus foliage: leaf-blades pd elliptie, or elliptic-lanceolate, 4-8 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, inconspicuously serrate, Er) ous, dull and finely reticulate above, thinly tomentose beneath, acute or rounded at the base, 6—10 mm. long, pubescent: flowers not seen: drupe globose, 7-10 mm, in diam- eter, dull-red.—Sandy swamps, Coastal Plain, S. C.—Spr. 15. I. myrtifolia Walt. Shrub or small crooked tree, with smooth gray bark, and rigid branches: leaf d d nad narrowly elliptic 2 linear, or broader on shoots, 1—4 cm. long, apiculate, more or less revolute, k-green and E d pale i Ed posue "beneath, short petioled: aes l- mm. broad: corolla 4-5 mm. broad: dru upe obose, mm. doe red.—(YAUPON.)—Swamps and cypress p Coastal. * Plain, "la. to La. and N. C.—Spr.—A yellow fruited form is known 16. I. Cassine L. Shrub, or small tree 12 m. tall, with smooth gray bark, usu- ally pubescent e leaf-blades leathery, oblanceolate or elliptic, or r rarely obov 4-10 cm. long, obtuse, aaa or rarely retuse at the apex, more or less eae dark- -green and glabro s above, pale and more or less pubescent beneath, or sometimes glabrous, ce Ta slender- petiole: calyx 1.5-2 mm. broa corolla 4-4.5 mm. road: drupe E - in diameter, red or some- times nearly yellow. [Z. Dahoon Walt. J— (DAR OON. YAUPON. CASSENA. og c pA d stream- Saar Mu nd hammocks, often in acid soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to and — Spr. or all year S.—The pale-brown heart-wood is close-grained on light Me soft. 17. I. vomitoria Ait. Shrub, or small tree 8 m. tall: ere Mna oval or pui sometimes elliptic- -lanceolate on shoots, 1-2.5 c ong, obtu ive idE iin pes lustrous above, pale-green Deuce pir ar oad: corolla 5—5.5 road: drupe globose, re —6 mm. in diameter, Ten than the eae. TT Cassine Walt. ]—(CASSENA YAUPON.)—Sandy hammocks, sand-dunes, and ar aig often in neutral soil, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and Va.—Spr e leaves contain caffeine. A decoction n. from them was the C drink of the aborigines. The white heart-wood, turning yellow on exposure, is close- grained, heavy, and har 18. I. cumulicola Small. Shrub or na tree T fastigiate branches and pale-gray or Wee Ls leaf-blades 2.5-4.5 cm. long, more or less revolute, shallowly sinuate: als of the pistillate ee acute or rather _ obtuse, eciliate, sometimes ene ciliolate pe globose, er, de n nut 6 . lo I. arenicola Ashe]—Scrub, lake region, pen —Spr.— Used locally for holiday decorations.—Additional species and varie- ties, apparently conspecific with this plant, have been described. 19. I. opaca Ait. Tree up to 15 m. tall, with spreading branches and pale- gray bark: leaf-blades 4-10 cm. long, flat or nearly so, rather deeply sinuate: a of the ae flowers acuminate, ciliate: drupe globose to ovoid-glo- bos 10 m s diameter, bright-red, or yellow, nutlets 6-7 mm. long.— (Hon rer ICAN-HOLLY. HITE-HOLLY.)—Woo S, id a buts PT river- banks. often in sub-acid soil, various province , Fla o Tex . W. Va., and Mass., (Me.?).—Spr —Collected in large uniques in a CELASTRACEAE 817 FaAwiLY 6. CELASTRACEAE — Srarrrree FAMILY Shrubs or trees, or vin Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled: blades simple. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioec ae variously borne. Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 3-5 petals. ave m of 3-5 stamens borne on or ee lys disk. Gynoecium of nited ea Fruit a capsule, a dru a be Seed often ie Aan 45 pene and 375 species, widely distributed | in temperate and warmer region Fruits capsular, dehiscent. I. CELASTREAE. Fruits drupaceous, indehiscent. II. RHACOMEAE. I. CELASTREAB Leaves opposite. Ovary 3- -celled : capsule 3—5-lobed: 3—5-valved: aril red: anther-sacs divergent. 1. EUONYMUS. Ovary 2-celled: capsule not lobed, 2-valved: aril white: anther-sacs paralle 1, 2. PACHYSTIMA. joues alternate. Climbing woody vines: ovary free. 3. CELASTRUS. Erect shrubs: ovary confluent with the disk. 4. MAYTEN II. RHACOMEAE Flowers perfect: ovary 4-celled : fruit oblique 5. RHACOMA. Flowers dioecious : ovary 2-celled : fruit not oblique. Leaves opposite : flower-clusters peduncled: calyx deciduous: drupe not lobed. 6. GYMINDA. Leaves alternate: flower-clusters sessile: calyx persistent: drupe lobed. T. SCHAEFFERIA, 1. EUONYMUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs, often weak-stemmed, trees, or rarely vines. pans beu biis entire or toothed. Flowers perfect. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5. Stamens 4 or 5, borne on the lobes of the disk: filaments very een ae. -sacs Donum Stigmas 3-5. Capsules droop- ing.—About 65 species, in the north temperate zone. sile or nea rly so: oe slightly lobed, warty. Sepals eciliate: petals orbicular-ovate suborbicular, manifestly broad-clawed : capsule copiously warty. 1. E. americanus. Sepals erose-ciliate: petals orbicular-reniform, clawless: capsule ‘sparingly warty. 2. E. obovatus. Cymes mostly 5-many-flow ered : sepals, petals, and stamens, typicaliy 4: leaf-blades petioled : capsule deeply lobed, ooth. . E. atropurpurea. 1. E. americanus L. Erect or straggling shrub 2 m. tall or less: leaf-blades oval to pau 2-10 em. long, acute or acuminate, erenate-serrate: calyx about 5 mm. wide: ye usually 5, equal: corolla Boni over 1 em. wide; etals Men ish or greenish-purpl filaments arising Brom the edge of the disk ; anthers fully 1 m..wide: seed-body 4.5-5.5 mm. long.— (STRAWBERRY-BUSH. )—Rich ined bes and hammocks, various provinces, N pen Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and N. Y —Spr-sum. 2. E. obovatus Nutt. Shrub with a often rooting branches: leaf-blade em. ; obovate, 2-6 long, mostly obtuse, crenu- late-serrulate: calyx about sepa ually 5, erose-ciliate, equal S purple, about 3 mm. wide: filaments ri from the top of the "disk: anthers fully p 818 | CELASTRACEAE m. wide: seed-body 4-5 mm. long.— (RUNNING som E ones ue banks and Tow grounds, v s provinces, Tenn. to Ill., t., and W N. Y.—Sum.—The rough red = us ve this and of the uu Bn oe, suggested the name but in -bus E. wa Jacq. pees apa or tree becoming 8 m the disk; EU less un a wide: seed-body 8-9 mm. ee Eig BUSH. SPI STRAWBERRY-BUSH. RROW-W BLEED- ING-HEART. 5 - Woods Bid “thickets ys provinces, Ala. (or Fla. ?) to Okla., Mont., and N. = apie .—The bark of the root is used medicinally. The white heart- wood, ofte nged with yellow, t very ese. grained, heavy, E hard. The dangling Puy are pinkish-purple. 2. PACHYSTIMA Raf. Shrubs. Leaves opposite, evergreen: blades toothed or enti owers perfect. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 4, borne nearly globular. Stigmas 2.—Two species, North American. 1. P. Canbyi A. Gray. Diffuse and creep- ing, 1-4 dm. tall: lenf -blades linear, linear- elliptic or rarely oblanceolate, 0.5-2 em long, petals white, about 1 m long: capsule ellipsoid, about 4 mm. 1 eter. — OUNTAIN-LO -STRIPPER CLIFF-GREEN.)—Limestone cliffs de N N. Va.—Spr.—1ts closest relative. grows in the N Roeky Mountains. 3. CELASTRUS L. Vines with woody stems. Leaves alternate, decidu- ous: blades membranous, broad, entire or toothed. Flowers inclined to be dioecious, racemose or paniculate. Sepals Petals 5. Stamens 5, borne at the sinuses of the disk. Capsules in drooping clusters.— About 30 species, most numerous in Asia. C. scande eee climber: leaf- blades elliptic or oval, arying e or obovate, 6-10 cm. lo ong, - errate: panicles drooping: corolla gree about pn mm. broad: capsule V Tieni 'about le diameter, orange, 3-valved, the ne ‘seeds persistent and conspicuous in early winter. STAFF-TREE. SHRUBBY-BITTERSWEET. Cue. BITTERSWEET. WAXWORK. GNOME'S e —Thiekets, s and fence-rows, various provinees, Ga. a. Okla., Man., and Me.—Spr.-sum.—The bark is Mery medicinally. The Em fruits are used for interior decoration in winter. 4. MAYTENUS Molina. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, persistent: blades leathery, entire or toothed. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, solitary CELASTRACEAE 819 or clustered. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens 9, borne beneath the disk. rds ereet.— About 10 speeies, tropieal American. l. M. phyllanthoides Benth.’ Shrub tree: leaf- pii obovate to nid -oblaneeo- te, 2-4 long: hypanthium broadly turbinate: d pale reddish: s 2-3 mm road, white ish-w the recurved capsule valves, red.— Hammocks and sand-dun E eoast of lower pen. Fla. and Florida zu and lower Rio Grande “region, Tex.— (W ' Mex , €. A.)— Spr.-sum.—The leaves iad gutta- percha. 5. RHACOMA L. Shrubs or small trees. Leaves eae, opposite, or whorled, persistent: blades entire or toothed. ide m i Sa or solitary in axillary peduncled cymes. Sepals r 9. tals 9. Sta- mens 4 or 5, borne between the lobes of the a pub net m 12 species, tropical Ameri Leaf-blades crenate or entire: cymes long-stalked (10-15 me ) » R. Crossopetalum. Leaf-blades spiny toothed: cymes short-stalked (3-5 mm.) 2. R. ilicifolia. 1. R. Cressopetalum L. Erect shrub or Rd with Po twigs: leaf-blades obovate or rarely e PA 1-4 long, shallowly crenate entire: Cus mm. = red or purplish: drupe obovoid, 5-6 mm. long, red.—Hammocks and sand-dunes, coasts of S. pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.).—All year. 2. R.ilicifolia (Poir.) Trelease. Depressed shrub with pubescent twigs: leaf-blades oval or ovate, 10-15 mm. long, coarsely spiny toothed: cymes short- -peduncled: (CHRISTMAS-BERRY. )—Pine lands, Everglad Keys, Fla. and Florida eye —(W. I.) —AII year.—Grows in small sinks. . GYMINDA Sarg. Shrubs or : the twigs 4-angled. Leaves oppo- site, persistent: blades mostly entire. low ers dioecious, in axillary cymes. Sepals 4, or rarely 3. Pota ls 4, or rarely 3. Stamens , borne without a disk. Drupe smooth.— b species, the eus and 1 in C. A. G. latifolia (Sw.) Urban. Shrubo , mall tree: leaf- ed abet to e obovate, 5 . long, bri no r gla above Boa pde 1.5-2 mm. long, white: Du llips ovoid, 7-8 mm. long, rte — (FALSE-BOXWOOD.) — Ham Flo Ó Keys.—(W. I., Mex.)—The es em Sond EN is heavy, and hard. 820 DODONAEACEAE 7. SCHAEFFERIA Jacq. Shrubs or trees, the twigs terete. Leaves alternate, persistent: blades entire. Flowers dioecious, in axillary clusters. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 4, born out the disk. Stigmas recurved. Du rupe tubereulate.—Five species, tropical Ameri- can. 1. = p ri Jacq. Shrub a small tree: lea clustered; blades elliptic, oval, elliptic: Poa or elli iptie- EG i6 m. long, shining above: flowers manites uy e about prs m. diameter.— (Box woopD. YELLOW-WOOD. pe Hammoeks de peu eoast of Fla. Ever- glade Keys, and Florida Keys.— . Spr.—The urs PAAR hod] wood is dcm grained and heavy. It is sometimes used as a substitute for MET in pem aving. FAMILY 7. HIPPOCRATEACHAE — HIPPOCRATEA FAMILY Shrubs or trees, or vines. s doa blades simple. Flowers Calyx perfect, in axillary racemes, panicles, or cymes. of 5 persistent sepals. Corolla of 5 petals. Rae aa of mostly j stamens. Gynoe- cium of 3 united carpels. Fruit a berry, a drupe, or a caps of 3 or fewer carpels eohering at the base. eee flattened.—Three ped and 170 species, mostly tropical. 1. HIPPOCRATEA L. Trees or woody vines. Leaf-blades leathery. Sepals and in 5. Stamens 3: filaments dilated at the base and partly united. Capsule lobed. Seeds winged. About 70 species, tropical America Meis L lubilis L. Climber: leaf-blades slips ose to ovate or Pop 5-14 1. long, erenate-serrate: corolla 5- 6 mm broad, white: mature carpels peto obo- H. Lam branches and branchlets hook or and thus bind the mass of growth E an OR network. FAwiLy 8. DODONAEACEAE — VARNISH-LEAF FAMILY Shrubs or trees. Lea alternate: blades simple. Flowers polyga- mous or B RUE DAN variously borne. Calyx of 3-5 Is. e Pew Me MERE of 5-8 stamens. Disk obsolete. Gynoe- 1 r 4 united carpels. Fruit a reticulated septicidal capsule pee per Na or ern flattened -Only the following gen STAPHYLEACEAE 821 DODONAEA [Plum.] L. Erect shrubs or trees, with usually viscid mu Leaf-blades broadened upward. Flowers green, yellow, or purplish. Capsule winged.—About 50 species, pi and subtropical.—Spr. or all year. —VARNISH-LEAVES. Leaf-blades spatulate to elliptic: fruit 10-30 mm. wide. Leaf-bla ace narrowly spatulate: fruit less than 2 cm. wide: seed 2-2.5 mm. in diam 1. D. P T Leaf-bl blades icu IE nA o PUR fruit over 2 cm. wide: seed n dia 2. D. viscosa. Leaf-blades cuneate to botte Cue EE fruit 5-7 mm. wide. 3. D. microcarya. 1. D. jamaicensis DC. Shrub 1-4 m. tall: leaves 3—11 cm. long; blades nar- rowly spatulate, gradually narrowed to on base: sepals elliptic or oval, 2.5-3 m ong m : : anthers about as as the sepals: fruits 10-16 mm. long, deeply notched pex: seed orbicular-lenticu- f meter.—Pinel Apes e 2.5-3 m long: anthers rather shorter than the pond fruit 23-30 mm. long, deeply urs dele pe apex: seed orbieular- reniform 3- diameter a s and hammocks, D "Pla (V. I. , C. A., S. A.)—Sum 3. D. microcarya Sm all. Shrub or small tree: leaves 2- - em. long; blades cuneate to iod cuneate: de smaller than in the two preceding a fruit 5-7 mm. wide, emarginate at the apex: seed subglobose, nearly 2 mm. in diameter. Ends lower Florida Keys.—Fall. Famity 9. STAPHYLEACEAE i pastas FAMILY Shrubs or t Flowers perfect or “polygamous, racemose or n UE drooping. Cal lyx of 5 sepals. Corolla of 5 equal petals. Androecium of stamens. Gynoecium of 2 or 3 gears! or wholly united carpels. mit an inflated capsule.—Five genera and 22 species, Wd. distributed. 1. STAPHYLEA L. Shrubs or small trees. Leaf-blades pinnate, often 3-foliolate. Racemes cluster-like, drooping. Sepals and petals nearly erect. Capsule blad- dery, 2- or 3-lobed.—About 6 species, of the north temperate zone. 1. S8. L. Shrub or small tree: leaflets 3s blades oval or eit varying to 5-10 lon ovate or obovat 1 ng, serrate: raceme lo Ig -10 mm. long: petals spatulate, surpassing the sepals, e d eream stripe apsu long, the lobes apiculate.— (BLAD UT)— ich woods and stream-banks, various prov- ion n d Plain, G la., Oo N Que.—Spr.—Near the M Bid: of its range it may attain a trunk-diameter of six inches. 822 AESCULACEAE Famity 10. AESCULACEAE — BUCKEYE FAMILY Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades Pe qp Flox ers polygamous, in terminal racemes or panicles. of 5 partially united sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 unequal clawed eae "do um of 5-8 stamens. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Fruta n loeulieidal eapsule.—Two genera and about 15 species, North American and Asi 1. AESCULUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades act 5—11-foliolate. Petals with their claws mostly in the calyx-tube. Filaments slender. Capsule smooth or echinate.—About 24 species, North American and Asiatie.—Buck- EYES. HORSE-CHESTNUTS. Panicle much elon a and narrow: corolla of aut aa Oe ae different in shape: stamens several times longer than the calyx I. MACROTHYRSUS. | Panicle short and thiek : corolla of very di fferently shape petals : amens twice or thrice as long as the calyx Upper petals ‘with small rounded blades much shorter than the elongate claw : ovary and cap- sule smooth and glabrous. Subgenus II. PAVIA. Er petals with spatulate blades about as long s the claw: ovary and capsule soft-prickly. Subgenus III. EUAESCULUS. I. A YRSUS Shrub with erect, slender, elongate panicles of white flowers. 1. Ae. parviflora. I. Pav Calyx tubular : broad petals not twice as ioe 2 the caly 2. Ae. Pavia. Calyx campanulate: broad petals more than twice as los as the cA x: . Ae. octandra. III. EUAESCULU Tree: blades of the leaflets serrate: flowers Dus eos in short panicles 4. Ae. glabra. 1. Ae. onions Walt. Shrub: leaflets 5-7; blades elliptic-oblanceolate to obovate, 5-18 em. long: calyx 5-7 mm. long: corolla white: petals 16-20 mm long: capsules globular, 2.5-3 em. in diam- B : eter. — (BOTTLEBRUSH-BUCKEYE.) — Rich woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, W Fla. to Ala. and S. C- Spr. 2, Ae. Pavia L. Low shrub or small tree: mrs “5 7 or rely 3; blades oval, oval- “ovate, od Or elliptic-lanceo- late: calyx e 19 mm. long or rarely longer; tube about 5 Dunes as long as the lobes: narrow ve 3.5—4 em. long, the claws more than twice as seed as the calyx: capsule —5 em. in diam —( FIRECR MN is RED-BUCKEY BUCKEYE. )—Ri EYE qunm Rieh or dry woods, Coastal Plain and adj: pou Fla. to Tex., SE Mo., and Va.—Spr.—A tional species, related to de. Pavia ie been pr idi sed. 3. Ae.0 olate to elliptie: calyx 12-16 mm. long or rarely shorter; tube ut 8 tim long as the lobes: narrow peu 2.5-3 em. long, the Br ne than P i long as the calyx: capsule 3-6 em. in diameter. [Ae. it. |— ni. YELLOW- BUCKEYE. SWEET-BUCKEYE. LARGE-BUCKEYE.)—Rich = Bd. "s r banks, various p Ga. to Tex., Ia., and W. Pa.—Spr.—Additional DRE. re- lated to 4e. andra, jue been proposed.— —The creamy- -white heart-wood is andra Marsh. Shrub or large tree: leaflets mostly 5; blades a abo eee ed pes and light. It is used for artifieial limbs and various utensils. ACERACEAE 823 Ae. glabra Willd. Tree: leaflets 5, or rarely 7; blades elliptic to elliptic- oblanceolate oe 6-8 mm. long: : corolla ad yellow; Mir petals n mm. lon psule em. in dia — (OH FETID-B E.)— Woods, pod ere rarely Coa Eu Plain, "Ala. o Okla., Kans., "Mich. and W Pa.—Spr. —The wood is used for artificial limbs a various utensils Faminy 11. ACERACEAE —MarrkE Faminy Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades simple or compound. Flow- ers perfect or polygamous, in cymes, racemes, or panicles, or often in con- gested clusters. Calyx of 4 or 5, or rarely more, deciduous sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5, or rarely more, petals, or wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals or twice as many. Gynoecium of 2 more or less united carpels. Fruit 2 nutlets with wings (samaras).—Six genera and more than 100 species, in the north temperate zone Leaf-blades simple: flowers polygamous, monoecious, 2 UD TECON or androdioe- cious ; disk present : p ellipsoid or oval, not ti ippe Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles: stigmas shorter than the style. 1. ACER. Flowers Pn lateral or E clusters: stigmas as long as style or lon FO ihe filiform-pedicelled, in drooping clusters ap- pearing with the leaves: sepals united into a lobed eup-like calyx, the staminate and pistillate similar. 2. SACCHARODENDRON. Flowers sessile or short-pedicelled, in dense lateral in- volucrate clusters, appearing before the leaves. Sepals united, the staminate and pistillate calyx very disti nct: petals wanting. 9. ARGENTACER. DUE MARCO EE of the staminate and pistil- e flow petals present. 4. RUFACER: e Dana E flowers dioecious: disk wanting: anthers linear, minutely tipped. 5. NEGUNDO. 1. ACER L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades broad, coarsely toothed or 3—5-lobed. Flowers borne in terminal racemes or panicles, appearing after the leaves, polygamous. Calyx of usually 5 distinct or slightly united sepals. etals 5, narrower or broader than the sepals. Stamens exserted or included: stigmas shorter than the en 30 species, North American and Eura- eee d LES. ACER the sepals. . Á. BE soi Flowers m drooping racemes: d obovate, about as long as the sepals or slightly longer 2. A. pennsylvanicum. . am. Shrub, or small tree 10 m. tall, the bark thin, relatively smooth: leaf-blades od jud than broad, mainly 3 ‘lobed, sometimes \ wit th i a Scot stamens exserted : m it E. en, about 3.5 IN-MAPLE. - —Damp woods, Blue Ridge and pd ocn dad inees, Ga. to Man. and Newf.—Spr m sum.—The Ende is soft, and li p A. pennsylvanicum L. Shrub tree, a over 11 m. tall, the bark relatively smooth, loupitudinally striped: leaf-blades 824 ACERACEAE sometimes broader than long, 1-3 dm. broad, deep-green, Mes 3 nearly erect acuminate lobes, sometimes with 2 additional lobes, finely or doubly ds. glabrous above, finely pubescent beneath, rounded or Pa: ordate at Eos bas racemes relatively few-flowered: pedicels cee spreadin > pet cau pale-green or yellowish-green, obovate, slightly acu iN ru elliptic sepals: stamens included: fruit pa P beu 3.5—5.5 em. broad, glabrous, the wings h din angle of about 120 degr ees.— (MOOSE = MOUNTAIN-ALDER. STRIP ee OOD. STRIPED- ces —Rocky woods, Blue Ridge and more norther a provinces, Ga. to Ont. and N. S.—Spr.—The heart- wood resembles that of A. spicatum 2. SACCHARODENDRON Nieuwl. Trees or shrubs. Leaf-blades 3-5- ed. Flowers in terminal umbels, somewhat p appearing with the leaves, andromonoecious, long- Lp Calyx campanu late, the lobes mostly shorter than the tube. Petals none. Stamens exserted: anthers Mc ah or oval. cian mostly oe un the style.—About 6 species, North A can.—MaAp AcERS.—The sap of some of the species, partiontaniy of A nigrum a 8. barbatum, is rich in sugar—the source of maple sugar. eue £5 4 £5 Leaf-blades glabrous or sparingly pubescent and glaucous beneath. Leaf-blades with 3-5 acute or acuminate, often toothed lobes. 1. S. barbatum. Leaf-blades with 3 blunt few-toothed lobes 2. S. floridaum. Leaf-blades dn. A onen. not ET Leaf-blades green eath: campanulate : samaras green. 3. S. nigrum. Leaf-blades greenish, tinged ith red beneath: calyx hemi- spheric: samaras red. 4, S. leucoderme. 1. S. barbatum (Michx.) Nieuwl. Tree sometimes 40 m. tall, the bark usu- ally RUE 2 coarse seales at maturity, the twigs red- brown: leaf- blades firm tly with 5 sinuate-toothed lobes, 8-15 bn in diameter, deep- green above, pale or Lis beneath, with an open shallow sin flower- “clusters yellowish Breen: calyx aak ate, about sepals d tuse: samaras slightly ere dae 3. 5—4 c ng. sh. A. Pur batum Michx.] — (SUGAR-MAPLE. HARD- MAPLE. ROCK-MAPLE. SUGAR-TREE. ) —Rich woods, rocky slopes, and stream-banks, vari- ous provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex, Man. and Newf.—S r.—The light- brown heart wood is elose-grained, tough, hard, and strong.—Acer saccharum Marsh. is eue a See of A. saccharinum L. pod o r3 ce Q 3 e & Q © e & = 3 ^ . S. floridanum (Chapm.) Nieuwl. Tree rarely over 18 m. tall, the bar rather close, but rough in age, chalky-white: leaf-blades E broader than long, 5-6 em. broad, with 3-5 blunt undulate lobes about as long as the body, deep-green above, n end more or less pubescent beneath, truncate and shallowly cordate at the base: flower- ioris yellowish: pedicels sparingly pubescent at least oo the fruit mature d on campanulate, 1-1.5 mm. long: samaras green, 1.5-2 em. long, spa unl. pu bescent near the em ee ‘rather widely spreading. [Acer s saccharinum floridanum Chapm A floridanum Pax]-——(HAMMOCK-MAPLE.)—Rich woods, bluffs, and hammo ocks, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. i aa Fla. to La. and S. C. Naturalized in N. C. Reported from Va.—Wint.-spr. 3. S. nigrum (Michx. f.) Small. Tree sometimes 30 m. tall, the bark dark, ee flaky, the twigs light orange-brown: leaf-blades a broader than ACERACEAE 825 more or less downy bene ath, w 3—5 entire or ORR Eo sa ; basal ih closed by the overlapping pres ex campanulate, a . long; sepals rounded: samaras 3-4 cm. long, slightly spreading. m. nigrum Michx. f.]—-(BLACK-MAPLE.)—Woods, open slopes, and fields, various provinces, Ga. to La., Minn., Ont., and N. H.—Spr.—The ood is nearly similar to that of um. 4, S. leucoderme (Small) Nieuwl. Shrub, or tree reaching a height of 8 m the bark smooth, white: leaf-blades br oader than n long, or rarely orbieular in outline, mostly 4-lobed, sometimes imperfectly 5-lobed, 4-9 cm. in diameter, cordate or truncate, with a rather open and shallow sinus, dark-green, glabrous and e ith light nerves above, greenish, tinge with r a D t r acumi- nerv n (the Fourth o r fifth when present, e a or the a one only lyx 2 l with 2 obtuse teeth: a pup yellow: calyx 2 mm. long: samaras red; wings elliptic-spatulate, 1-2 e ong, red, conspicuous, parallel or nearly so. [A. leucoderme Small ]-— (CH Buca MAPLE.)— — Ro eky river-banks, woods, and cliffs, inner edge of Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Ga. to , Ark. and N. O.—Spr.— The heart-wood is very close-grained and hard. The Bu is often erooked. 3. ARGENTACER Small Trees. Leaf-blades mostly 3-lobed. Flowers in dense lateral clusters, subtended by an imbricate d very precocious, appearing long before the leaves, androdioecious, sessile nearly s various, that of the staminate flowers narrow and page that of the pistil- la te short and broad, the lobes dn ~ the tube. Petals wanting or inute. Stamens long exserted: anther elipsoid.. dd longer than the csi One spec NS 1. A.s um (L.) Small Tree rarely lf M E 36 m. tall, p bark flaky at maturity, gray, 1 or that of the twigs reddish-brown: leaf- blades about as long as broad, 10—15 em. d with 3-5 prominent incised lobes | onger than the body, silky when young, * a abrate, bright-green above, glaucous or ^ silvery-white beneath, truncate or cordate yellowish : at : A pied 5-6 em. long, tomentose, or glab- e at ma grt d at length, widely d ading. [Acer dasycarpum Ehrh.]—(Sir.- VER-MAPLE. W mno MAPLE. SOFT-MAPLE. = Woods, ue and alluvial soil, various provinces, N Fla. to La., Okl N. B.—Wint.- —Spr.— —The pale-brown heart-wood is Excmi and PT [uy brittle. 4. RUFACER Small Trees. Leaf-blades coarsely toothed or 3-5-lobed. Flowers in dense lateral clusters subtended by an imbricate involucre, appear- ing long before the leaves; androdioecious, short-pedicelled. Calyx of usually 9 distinct or nearly distinct sepals. Petals somewhat smaller than the sepals. Stamens, in the staminate flowers, exserted: anthers oval. — longer than the style.—About 6 species, North Ameriean.—MAPLES. ACE l xb ood or glabrate beneath: samaras less than 4 cm. long: wings rather sprea Leaf- blades. prominently and sharply lobed, the lobes prominently a maras mostly less than 3 cm. long. 1. R.rubru 826 ACERACEAE Leaf-blades mostly shallowly 3-lobed, the lobes shallowly toothed : samaras mostly over 3 cm. long. 2. R. carolinianum. Leaf-blades copicusly woolly beneath : samaras over 4 cm. long: . wings tending to converge. 3. R. Drummondii. 1. R. rubrum (L.) Small Tree sometimes 35 m. tall, the bark dark-gray and fissured on the usd smooth and pale or white-gray on the branches: leaf- peice com re S than long, dee green above, pal glaucous beneath, ene shallowly y “lobed, us evenly ser- rate, cordate e base: flower-clusters red or ye silowis h: p nearly distinct: petals narrower than the iiam $: samara-wings com- monly red.—(RED-MAPLE. SWAMP-MAPLE. WATER-MAPLE. Bai. MAPLE.) — Woods and swamps, various Ens Fla. to Tex., Man. and N. B.—Whint.-spr.— The heart- wood is a by very heavy. 2. R. carolinianum o s Tree resembling R. rubrum, but ally smaller, the bark of the trunk pa ale. Me leaf-blades as long as broad, or longer, mostly shallow 3-lobed, but sometimes merely toothed, dark-green above, one beneath, unevenly serrate, rounded or subcordate at the base : flower-clusters red or yello wish: sepals nearly distinct: DL about as broad P the sepals: E ara-wings usually diverg- ing at less than 45 degrees.—(CAROLINA-MAPLE D-M - rump Ld ist, often acid, soil, _ Coastal Plain and occasionally adj. provinces S Fla., to iu Mo., and N. J.— —spr.—The wood is nearly similar to that of R. rubru . Drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) Small. Tree reaching a height of 2 m., the pu pale or tans rough on the trunk: leaf-blades thick, mostly bro eee than long, 8—15 br road or sometimes smaller, coarsely "and irregularly toothed, den above, white and wool beneath, rounded or cordate at the base: flower-clusters r pals nearly distinct, elliptic or slightly nar- rowed upward: petals nearly like the sep only maras o e ; tending to converge.—(RED-M )—River swamps, The wood is nearly similar to that of the two preceding species. N Ray] Ludwig-Boehmer. Trees. Leaf-blades pinnately encoun’. Flowers dioecious, the staminate in lateral clusters, long-pedi- celled; the pistillate in lateral racemes. Sepals 5, partly united. Petals wanting. Stamens exserted: anthers linear, minutely appendaged at the tip. Stigmas much longer than the style-—Three or four species, North American. 1. N. pet laa (L.) Karst, Tree becoming . flowers greenish, drooping: samaras 2.5—3. em. lon RA E ELDER. ASH-LEAVED T ATER H.)— ow woods and stream-bank various pam Fla. to Tex., Man., Ont., and Me MN —The whitish ue wood, close-grained, but soft, is made into wooden-ware and cheap furnitu SAPINDACEAE 827 Famity 12. SAPINDACEAE — SOAPBERRY FAMILY Shrubs, trees, or vines. ming alternate in our species: blades simple or pinn e. sometimes d1-foliate. Flowers dioecious, polygamous, or polygamo- dioecious, or one perfect, borne in racemes, panicles, or cor : xo or - sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 F or wanting. isk sometimes gland-bearing. A ecium mostly of more stamens. Gynoecium o more or less united Er s. Fruit COEUNT or baceate. —About 125 genera and over 1,000 spec Vines: fruit bladdery. Tribe I. CARDIOSPERMEAE. Shrubs or trees: fruit not inflated Fruit baccate, not stipitate Tribe II. SAPINDEAE. Fruit capsular, loculicidal, stipitate. Tribe III. CUPANIEAE. I. CARD ugs i: Climbers with tendrils and nales or woody stems: cap- sule inflated, with 1 seed in each c vites 1. CARDIOSPERMUM. II. SAPINDEAE Petals appendaged, longer than the calyx. Fruit lobed, d earpels nearly distinct : petals with short claw-like bas 2. SAPINDUS. ee oR lobed, "the carpels united: petals with long claw- 3. TALISIA. Petals Bropocn ded about as long as the calyx. Ovary 2-celled : leaflets 2, 4 or 6: calyx persistent, 4. EXOTHEA. Ovary 3-celled: leaflets 3: calyx deciduo D. HYPELATE. IIT. CUPANIEAE Shrub or tree: leaflets with toothed blades 6. CUPANIA. 1. CARDIOSPERMUM L. Herbaceous or woody vines. Leaves alter- nate: blades biternate or decompound. Flowers polygamo-dioeeious, irregular. Sepals 4. Petals 4, unequal, white. Disk one-sided, with 2 glands opposite the lower petals. Stamens 8. Capsules bladdery. Raving 15 species, of the warmer parts of America.—BALLOON-VINES. HEART-SE Capsule subglobose, obovoid, globose-obovoid, or oval, slightly longer than wide, not - angled : blades of the leaflets rather large and acute or acumin Outer sepals gla e aen about 5 mm. in diameter, the aril R leaflets glabro alicacabum. - Outer Sepa. e de seed about 3.5 m a diameter, the aril heart-shaped: leaflets finely R 2. C. keyense. Capsule obpyramidal and lobed, wider than long: ‘blades of the leaflets small, usually decidedly acuminate. 3. C. microcarpum. 1. C. Halicacabum L. Twigs Es or doi i pubeseent: blades of the leaflets pu to ovate, acute to imate, coarsely serrate and incised, x Sb about as wide as long, 3. en em. in diame- ter, short-stipitate.— (HEART-PEA .) —Waste- plaees and cult. gro wem ection provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and "Del. Pi ds of trop. —(W. L., um. or all year S —The root is s medicinal. 2. C. keyense Small. Twigs closely and nd pale Hs d blades of the leaflets ess Bes or ou serrate, acute to some- what acuminate, copi iously fine-pubescent : 828 SAPINDACEAE calyx od to that of C. Halicacabum, but outer E pubescent: petals 3.0—4 mm. long: capsule subglobose to oval, 3-3.5 cm. in diameter, m P | faa wide, rather long-stipitate. — Hammocks, Florida Keys.—All C. ocarpum H.B.K. Twigs glabrous or obscurely fine-pubescent: blades of the leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, decidedly acuminate, incised S . Fla. ini the Ke eys, and S Tex.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—A1l year. 2. SAPINDUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades pinnate. ps polygamous, i pid Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5, ap- pendaged, white or greenish. Stam 8-10. Baccate fruit not elongate, lobed.—A bout 10 species, American = Asiatic.—Wint.-spr.—The fruits con- tain saponin. eaf-rachis Mu dius blades of the leaflets obtuse, at least not ean ede petals short-cla . S. Saponaria. Leaf rachis wingless : blades of the leaflets acuminate: petals g-clawed. 2. S. marginatus. i aponaria L. Shrub, or nid becoming 10 m. tall: leaflets 4—7; blades elliptie, ial or obovate, 3-12 em. long; af-rachis winged: mature carpels globose, mm. in diam [e SOAP . FALSE-DOGWOOD.)—Hammocks, pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—All year.—The light- -brown heart- wood is elose-grained, hard, and heavy. 2. S. marginatus Willd. Tree 10-15 m. tall, the twigs and inflorescence pubescent: leaf- lets 7—13; blades Sd to Vin perdat ] 15 long: leaf-rach argined abov ve: petere er globose, 10-15 m mm. in diameter. — (WILD-CHINA. SOAPBERRY.) — Hammocks, near the coas la., Ga. and S . Adv. elsewhere.—Spr. —The light- ae Sid is close- grained, heavy, an ong, being easily split it is used for making light frames and baskets.—S. dues Mes Radlk. seems to be a form of this species. 3. TALISIA Aubl. Shrubs ees. Leaves alternate, the rachis wing- less: blades pinnate, the leaflet- vd pu inequilateral. Flowers polygamo- dioecious, regular. Sepals 5. Petals 5, ap- í pendage tamens 5-7, or usually 8. , Bac- cate fruit somewhat elongate, not lobed.— t 33 species, all but the following ex- icd South American. 1. T. pedicellaris Radlk. Small tree with Ee Rd leaflets 4-6; blades a to elliptic-ov 5-9 cm. long, acu short-pet tioled : ue small the bra eee pubescent: petals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, -5 mm. long n o ovoid or ellipsoid, 1.5-2 em. long, papil- n E hammock, Miami, Fla—(S 4.)— SAPINDACEAE 829 . EXOTHEA Macfadyen. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate ; blades equally pinnate. Flowers mostly ci irregular. Sepals 5. Petals 5, unappendaged, short-clawed. Sta ns mostly 8. Buceo fruit not lobed. on . E. deri D dp Radlk. Tree or shrub: leaflets rarely 6; blades m. shaped: sepals 3-4 mm. long: petals ri smaller than the sepals: fruit subglobose, 10— 13 mm. in diameter, orange turning purple. —(Inkwoop. IRONWOOD. UT H.) —Hammocks, pen. Fla. a the S ( The light-brown heart m elose- W. 1.)— grained, heavy and very hard, is used for cabinet work, boat- -building, and gem articles. The trees flower in wint. and s - Has been carried far up the Me ud d on kitehenmiddens by birds. 9. HYPELATE P. Br. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades 3- foliate. Flowers be dioecious. Sepals 5. Petals 5, unappendaged, elawless. Stamens 8-10. Baccate fruit not obed.—One specie, trifoliata S Tree: leaflets 3; blades spatulate to narr rowly obovate, 2.5— 4.5 em. long: petals white, suborbicular, 1- i id, 5—7 mm. lon ruit ovoid, 5 long black. — (WHITE-IRONWOOD.) — cks, Flori Keys.—(W. The dark-bro : Be eke Brad Iesu and ve j 6. CUPANIA a L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades pin- nate. Flowers polygamo- dioecious, regular. Sepals 4 or 5, rarely 3 or 6. aged, or i (f wanting. Stamens 8, or 5, 6, 10, or 12. AA | Bp ede 2—4- ZEE —About 32 species, tropi- i aM cal Amer (3 HE ; 1 ree: leaflets 6-12; ee c E with a euneate base, 6-11 em y enate or crenate-serrate above the n m SUM S cuneate-flabellate, 2-2.5 lon 28 green, : y E pr.—Thi one of about a century ago on the Florida Keys, and up to several vee ago thought to be TTE in our range. 830 FRANGULACEAE OrpER RHAMNALES — RuaAMNAL ORDER Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves LL dia alternate. Flowers regular, sometimes imperfect or incomplete. Calyx present. Corolla present or wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as gu are sepals. Gynoe- cium of 2 or more united carpels. Ovary superior or nearly so. Fruit a capsule or a berry, or drupaceous. PR EDE petals involute or wanting: fruit capsusety DE p ike, or drupa- FR ANGULACEAE, Sepals EN or obsolete: petals valvate: fruit baccate. Fam.2. VIT Fauixy 1. FRANGULACEAE — BuckTrHORN FAMILY Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaf-blades T p innately veined. Flow ers perfect or polygamous, or sometimes pae Calyx of 4 or 5 Papals- Corolla of 4 or 5 petals, or wanting. An d cn of 4 or 5 stamens oppo- site the petals. ne of 2 or 3 united carpels. Fruit capsular, berry-like, or drupace sometimes separating into nutlets—About 50 genera and 600 oe “of temperate and tropical regions Fruit wingles Fruit dr apaceous: pulpy, with a 1-4-celled stone. Tribe I. ZIZYPHEAE. Fruit dr ry. or berry-like, with 2-4 separate nutlets. Tribe II. RH EE Fruit winge Tribe III. GOUANIEA I. ZIZYPHEAE Petals wanting Sepals er eei 1. E RUNS Sepals not crested. 2. REYNOSIA Petals present. Petals hooded and clawed, broadly rounded at the apex. 3. ZIZYPHUS. Pe involute, sessile, obtuse or acute. 4. BERCHEMIA. II. RHAMNEAE Fruit pulpy. Hypanthium flattish : disk conspicuous. 9. SAGERETIA. UM cup-like : disk inconspicuous, lining the hypan- ium 6. RHAMNUS. Fruit dry Sep als inflexed : petals on slender c 7. CEANOTHUS. Sepals Lee petals sessile, fwolutely folded over the filaments 8. COLUBRINA. III. GOUANIEAE Vine with tendril-like twigs. 9. GOUANIA. 1. KRUGIODENDRON Urban. Shrubs or trees. Leaves nearly oppo- te: blades entire. Flowers perfect, green. Sepals 5, crested within. Petals wanting. Stamens 5: filaments longer than the anthers. Drupe apieulate.—One species. 1. K. ferreum (Vahl) Urban. Shrub, or small tree 9 m. tall, the bark ridged: leaf- blades ovate or T 3-6 em. long: sepals ate: drupe mm. long, black. [Rhamnidiwm ferreum dios. .] — (BLACK-IRONWOOD.) — Hammocks, lower E coast of Fla. pu ar Keys, end Florida Keys.—(W.. I. )—Spr.— ange- brown heart-wood, hard and oe x dee is used locally for cabinet-work. The geo- graphic range of this species is not as wide as its relative the darling-plum, for it has not yet been found on the lower western coast of Fla. FRANGULACEAE 831 2. REYNOSIA Griseb. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades entire. Flowers perfect, green. Sepals 5, crestless. Petals wanting. Stamens 5: filaments longer than the ie Drupe apieulate.—About 9 species, West ‘Tadian. 1. R. septentrionalis Urban. Shrub, or t tall, the bark scaly: leaf-blades elliptic, varying to ovate or obovate: sepals i blac ck.— (RE oop. DARLING- "E The fruit is edible L The dark- BO oum wood, close-grained and very hard, is used lo ocally for cabinet-wor k The fruits are pleasantly flavored. 3. ZIZYPHUS Juss. Shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades three-ribbed, en- tire, or sometimes shallowly toothed. Flowers perfect. Sepals 5, keeled within. etals 5, hood-like. Stamens 5, opposite the etals. fleshy, edib celled stone. About 40 species, most abun- dant in the Old World tropics 1. Z. Zizyphus (L.) Karst. Shrub or small tree, with glabrous branchlets: leaf-blades b e i o -25 mm. long, red or nearly ack.— (J UJUBE-TREE. ) "es i and road- sides. Coastal Plain, Ala. to La. Nat. of Eu. and cult.—Spr.—The fruit is edible. 4. BERCHEMIA Neck. Shrubs or vines. Leaves alternate: blades many- ribbed. Flowers perfect or polygamous. Sepals 5, flat. Petals 5, involute, sessile. Stamens 5, often shorter than the petals. Drupe somewhat flattened, slightly N longer than thick.—About 10 species, the 1. B. scandens (Hill) Trelease. SIDE elimber with wide-spreading branches leaf bla iptie, or i j o lanceolate, A i ; dulate-erenate: sepals longer than the hy- panthium: petals prd s ERAN about as long as the s e Re ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 6-8 m ong. bilis DC.]—( SUPPLE- es onm ) 832 FRANGULACEAE —Swamps and low hammocks, Coastal Plain, and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Va. —Spr. 5. SAGERETIA Brongn. Shrubs with diffuse branches. Leaves opposite or nearly so: blades of firm-texture, pon d toothed. Flowers perfect. Sepals 5, keeled within. Petals 5, concave, shor clawed. Stamens 5, about as long as the No N petals. jos dou an 3 leathery -A SE NH nutlets.—About 10 species, mostly Asiatic. | ENS SA > S. minutiflora (Michx.) Trelease. Pubes- cent, spinescent shrub: leaf-blades ovate or em. long: c : iori. da about t % as long as the oa Au ad Mie tae oe ded mm. in diam CB N.)—Ca leareous Tod mack nd bluffs, " Coastal Plain, Fla. 3o Mis and N. C.—Spr. —The flowers are ui fragrant. 6. RHAMNUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades entire or toothed, many-ribbed. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, green. Sepals 4 or 5, keeled within. Petals 4 or 5, commonly concave, clawless, shorter than the sepals, or wanting. Stamens 4 or 5, included: anthers acute. Drupe berry-like, not lobed, with 3 or 4 nutlets.—About 90 species, of warm and tem- perate regions.—Spr.— BUCKTHORNS. Fi owers usually dioecious: nutlet deeply grooved on the back ; rapis dorsal: coty- ledons leaf-like. . lanceolata. Flowers perfect: nutlet not grooved; raphe lateral: cotyledons thick. 2. R. caroliniana. 1. R. lanceolata Pursh. Shrub 1-2 m. tall: do deer Su ae elliptie- lanceolate or sometimes oval, 2.5—9 cm. Jong: calyx about . broad: petals u in diameter.—River-banks and dnd hillsides, various provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex., Ia., and Pa. a R. os Walt. Shrub, or tree be- ming tal: leaf- blades elliptie or slightly o e 5-12 em. long: calyx about ELLOW- . POLE CAT-TREE.)——Shaded banks and hillsides, ae in ealeareous soils, dr reru Fla B i ns, and Va.— e bark is medici The light pn own qe is de ue light but rather hard. 7. CEANOTHUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades usually toothed, commonly 3-ribbed. Flowers perfect, white. Sepals 5, keelless. Petals 5, longer than the sepals, clawed, the blades hooded. Stamens 5, ex- FRANGULACEAE 833 serted: anthers emarginate. dicia m separating into 3 earpels.—A bout 55 speeies, North American.—RED-RO enr odes toothed, membranous or nearly so. xis shrubs: leaves deciduous, peduncle elongate. . Leaves 3—10 e long: corolla about 5 mm. wide. 1. C. americanus. Leaves 1-3 c long: .corolla about 4 mm. wide. 2. C. intermedius. Common peduncle 'abbrevi ated. Twigs and branches viscid. -puberulent : lower surface of ‘the leaf-blades glabrous or with few scattered 9 airs. 3. C. ovatus! Twigs and branches copiously pubescent : lower sur- face of the leaf-blades closely and permanently ent. Pus ubese 4. C. pubes w dec nibent habi leaves 5-10 mm. long, persistent. 5. C. serpyllifolius. E pere fleshy. 6. C. microphyllus. . C. americanus L. Shrub 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate or a orbicular-ovate, p serrate: sepals about 1.5 mm. long: petals about 2 mm. long: fru m broad. , OO Naw JERSEY EA aor. RED- K.)—Dry woods and hillsides, various P Fla. to an., and Me.— Spr.-sum.—The lea aves were used as a t ea T titute in colonial times. The root is sed medicinally. 2. C. intermedius Pursh. Shrub 3-10 dm tall: ieat blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, or eel D eu Mas sepals d mm. pet about 1.5 mm. long: fn 1 mu bubo O Rep D-ROOT. a lands and woods, Coastal d and occa- sionally adj. provinces, Fla. to La. , Tenn., and Ga.—Spr. 3. C. ovatus Desf. Shrub 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades thinnish, elliptic, oval, or ovate, 1.5-6 em. long, somewhat veiny: sepals ovate, about 1. 5 mm. long: petals about 2 mm. long.—Sandy woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. Minn., Vt., a.—Spr. C. pubescens (T. & G.) Rydb. Shrub similar to C. ovatus in habit: leaf- blades relatively thick, ee to narrowly elliptic, usually prominently veined: sepals deltoid, about 1 . long: petals about 2 mm. long. —Dry soil, various provinces, rarely Coastal Pl Plain, Ga. to Tex., Mich. and Va.—Spr. 5. C. serpyllifolius Nutt. Shrub with di ffuse or decumbent, very slender or n Eis. leaf- e E ovate-elliptie, Serrulate strigose be- ath: sepals mostly 1 ong a tuse: pe etals about 1.5 mm. long.— Pinelands Coastal Plain, "Fla. and s uin —Rare 6. C. microphyllus Michx. Plant 3-6 dm. tall, diffuse: leaf-blades suborbicu- lar, oval, or i ie, P: mm. long: sepals acute or abru uptly mane Pos etals abou t 1.5m mm. lon S brown: fruit depressed, 4-5 mm. wide. y pine- lands and PRU. eu Plain, Fla., Ala., and Ga. —Spr. "^T à L. C. Rich. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades nine or toothed, Somer tes 3-nerved at the base. Flowers perfect. Sepals 5, spreading, often keeled. Petals 5, folded around the stamens, clawless. Sta- 53 834 FRANGULACEAE mens 5: anthers notched. Drupe slightly 3-lobed, the carpels To at least at the top.—About 15 species, with one exception tropical Am —Fall-spr. or all year.—The bark of some species is used as a substitute = dons Leaf-blades rather evenly pinnately veined: seeds shining, black. I. AMERICANAE. Leaf-blades 3-ribbed from the base: seeds gray, dull. II, ASIATICAE. AMER I. CANAE. Leaf-blades mostly of an ovate type, Sane seemless reticulate, nor copiously pubescent all /ove Drape 4-6 mm. in “diameter pedicel abruptly due into the Lire Jeaf- blades glabrate, at most not rusty tomentos . C. reclinata. n 8-10 mm. in diameter: pedicel gradually dilated into e hypanthium : le af-blades rusty-tomentose beneath. 2. C. Colubrina. peated: oss of an er pad Le prominently fine reticulate, and copiously pubescent all o . C. cubensis. II. ASIATICAE. A diffuse shrub, the dark-green leaf-blades shining. 4. C. asiatica. C. reclinata (L’Her.) Brongn. Shrub or small tree becoming 20 m. ta ll, with esae. e leaf-blades ovate- = or rarely oval or Pond 3 -$ cm. long: sepals about 2 mm. long: pet din 1.5 mm. long, yellow or greeni ie yellow: drupe slender- pd seated on OD. Fla. and Florida Keys s.—(W. I.)—The dark- brown heart-wo od is elose grained, heavy, and hard. 2. C. i deed i acq.) Millsp. Shrub or tree, y-tomentose twigs: le blades ouis. ptic, or mod bd c. late, 5—15 g: als abo y tinged: drupe stout-pedicelled, par n in the deep hypanthiu Gi Pann, )—Hammocks, Everglade Keys, a. and Florida Keys.—(W. [1 ) 3. C.cubensis (Jacq.) Brongn. Shrub or small tree, n closely fine-pubescent twigs: oe blades elliptic, mostly 4-9 cm. long, prominently ribbe d: sepals nearly 1.5 mm. long: petals about 1 mm. long: dr dim slender-pedielle ed, im- mersed in or 2 nearly or quite to the middle.—Hamm s, Everglade Keys, Fla.—(W es —Rarely occurs as a woody vine climbing high into trees. 4. C. asiatica (L.) Brongn. Shrub with weak, diffuse or prostrate p and udin ess = eae erect and t tree like leaf-blades ovate Nn id long, nate metimes acute, crenate-serrate, glabrous, dark-gre d shining above tr n or bus at pad base, Se enu on pee 2 ong: petals nearly as long as sepals, greenish: drupe subglobose, 7— 10 mm. in diameter.—Hammocks and mos S pen. Fla. and the Keys. Nat. of Asia. 9. GOUANIA Jacq. Shrubs or vines. Leaves alternate: blades broad. Flowers polygamous, the inflorescence-branches often tendril-bearing. Sepals VITACEAE 835 9, spreading. Petals 5, clawed, the blades scoop-like. Stamens 5, each surrounded by a petal. a E like, 3-winged, sep- arating into earpels.—About 40 "d widely numer in the tropies. . G. lupuloides (L.) Urban. Climber leaf-blades oval or n de varying to ovate, 3-— s em. ds spikes 6-15 em. long: petals e 1 j ze M À j Y e Uu ZR o g ~ [e] m c5 zz qe) P 4 C3 m Un =. o lari N WD \ [G. domingensis L.]—(CHEW- =s STICK.) —Hammocks, Fla. and th SS Keys.—(W. I., Mex S. A.)—The ISS wW = is used for uis nu teeth.—Spr.- eT FaAwxiLY 2. VITACEAE — Grape FAMILY Vines, sometimes bushy or tree-like, usually with tendrils. alternate, or the lower ones opposite: blad zt e or compound. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, in ped or elongate yx of 4 or 5 sepals, or obsolete. Corot of 4 or 5, often caducous, petals, or wanting. roecium of stamens np A the etals. Gynoecium of usually 2 anited ae Fruit a berry.—About 10 genera and 500 species, widely distributed. Hypogynous disk present, either annular, cup-shaped, or glandular: leaf-blades sim- le or ternately compound. Petals cohering into a cap, caducous, never separating. Bark shreddy: pith interrupted by diaphragms at the nodes: tendrils forkin Leaves g. 1. VITIS. uos not QUE : pith continuous through the nodes: ndrils 2. MUSCADINIA. Petals ‘distinct, e ng. Floral envelo asd mostly in 4's: disk 4-lobed: plant- e fles 3. CISSUS. Floral denn Sn. in 95's: disk entire or nearly so: tissues not fles 4. AMPELOPSIS. Hypogynous disk wanting or boise leaf-blades digitately 5-7-foliolate. . PARTHENOCISSUS. 1. VITIS [Tourn.] L. Woody vines. Leaf-blades palmately lobed, angled or es toothed. Flowers in elongate racemes or panicles, green. alyx tals cohering. Berry juicy, mostly edible. Seed pyriform.—About 0 species, wae distributed in warm and temperate regions.—Spr.—GRAPES. —Some species have been cultivated in many varieties from very ancient times, for the fruit. Some of our native species are represented in many hybrids which are grown commercially for their fruits. minute. Leaf- ae one and glabrous beneath at maturity, or merely cobwebby about the r in their axils. Leaf-blades Tobed.” toothed, or sometimes angled or shal- n. Es 1. V. rupestris. Elongate, trailing or climbing vine Shoots terete, glabrous or early becoming so: leaf- . blades usually lustrous abov 2. V. cordifolia. Shoots angled, pubescent throughout the year af-blades not lustrous on either side. 3. V. Baileyana. Leaf-blades prominently lobed. perm and SES of the leaf-blades acute: berries 4. V. vulpina. 836 VITACEAE Lo s of leaf-blades acuminate: sinuses obtuse: ber- ries destitute of any bloom 5. V. palmata. Leaf-blades at maturity densel woolly, or glaucous and To coba DDS do culcat benea urface of leaf-blades very a aeons: and pale, Habiate. the veins tawny pubescent. 6. V. bicolor. owe ipee of leaf-blades more or less woolly or cob- Leaf-blades cobwebby or flocculent beneath at ma- ri Mouse foliage Es P white-tomentose : leaf-blades gray-cobwebby 7. V. cinerea. Young ee ferrugineous- abe cone at least on the he un i n blades. Berry 12 m n diameter. 8. Y. Linsecomii. pem Twigs and p tomentose : panicle- branches felty-flocculent, at least dune anthesis. Twigs, and often petioles, glabrous or 2 s E d panicle-branches not felty- oe . V. rufotomentosa. ft © n floe . V. aestivalis. ee feltlike or densely tomentose beneath at 1Ly. cadells, or flower-clusters, intermittent, usually ird node without tendril or inflor- escence. aan des densel tomentose with white hairs: berries less than 12 mm. in diameter. 11. V.coriacea. cd ub Ense tomentose with rusty or ny 12. V. Simpsonii. Tendrils “continuous, usually every node with a ten- dril, or inflorescence. 13. V. Labrusca. V. rupestris ap Stems 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades commonly broader than , reniform ovate-reniform, 4—10 em. in diameter, coarsely toothed and rarely slight = pe someti mes somewhat irregularly, lobed, and with an abrupt tip at e apex, mostly lustrous eui glabrous or sparingly pubeseent eins beneath, somewhat B eum on pr sides: ios cles 2-10 em. long, slender, not den berry subglobose, 7—14 mm. in dia meter UGAR-G GRAPE.) - River- d: n nd hillsides, various e Se N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Tex., Mo., Pa. and Va. 2. M cordifolia Lam. p blades thin, an onl aul oO © "d R -H fa) © B 1 "o B Q3 fe ct E oc x S Sus Bed commo ovate in outline, rarely 3-lo bed or 3-angled near the apex, rather coars sely and eed ed glabrous or sometim sparingly pubescent beneath when iiu g, or less deeply cordate at the base (persistent and lustrous in V. ordifolia. sempervirens) panicles 1-3 dm. long, commonly drooping: berry g Ios , 8-10 mm. in meter, black under a slight bloom, pleasantly acid, persis stent.— (FRosT- s pops )— Woods, thickets, and stream- panks, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Wis., and N. Y. 3. V. Baileyana Munson. le blades thinnish but firm, ovate or orbicular- ovate, 5-10 em. long, glabrous and somewhat rugose above in age or pubescent nerves boo toothed po en entire or angularly 3-lobed near the 1 | on the dn inen at the base: panicles 8—13 cm. long, Suet d berry globose, oe meter, black, ora of piece: or nearly so.—Woods and mountai eee, Blue Ridge and "Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala. and W. Va. VITACEAE 837 4. V. vulpina L. Leaf-blades ps E longer than broad, 5-20 broad, mostly sharply 3-lobed and coarsely and ao ia glabrate o or p on and about = prs beneath, cordate arly t t the acu anicles 6-20 em. lon E ees much m. in n diameter, very a with a copious oom RO APE.)—Rocky banks and along streams, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. to Miss., Colo., Man N. B., and Md. palmata Vahl. Leaf-blades thin, iui 3-5-lobed and very coarsely ous on both sides at the Dos icles slender: berry subglobose, 7-10 mm. in diameter, Black destitute of any bloo m.—(RED- GRAPE. CAT-GRAPE.)—Sandy banks and rocky. places, various provinces, Tenn. to La., Tex., and In d. , glabrous above e veins poca pubescent, Pn ng, commonly lo un BLUE-GR WIN GRAPE. )—Ro river-banks, various provinces, N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Mo o. N. H., and N. C. m V. cinerea Engelm. Leaf-blades m pud longer than broad in diameter, shallowly ERA oe in 3 ES near the apex, co webby a or less did pube a e : panieles 1.5-3 dm in diam ous. Ow Sw WINTER-GRAPE.)—-Woods and stream-banks, various provinces, Fla. i Tex., "Nebr. and Ill. V. Linsecomii Buckl. Leaf-blades firm, as long as broad or a little longer ed, eordate, piii d ouai den nsely cobw ebby or abrate beneath Saar iq eneath, except the rusty veins, in F. Li it lactea s 5-10 ong: ber rry S abe gee mostly 12- 20 mm. in , black bn the bloom, pleasantly tasted.—Dry oaklands, various provine ces, Tenn. to La., Tex., Mo. 9. V. dq. Smal Leaf-blades suborbieular to nis E 10- el closely tomen- the panicles: berry black, with little or no bloom, often 5-6 mm. idiom (WILD-GRAPE.)—Hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. 10. V. aestivalis oe Leaf-blades varying from oo. than long to longer than broad, 1-3 dm. in diameter, angularly or es toothed, dull- -green a and p^ abrate above, more or co a aes stringen ue PE -GRAPE. ME and rocky Ed various provinces, Fla. Tex., Kans., N. 838 VITACEAE 1. V.coriacea Shuttlw. Leaf-blades reniform to suborbicular in outline, 3-10 e ordate: panicles 5-12 cm. long: berry subgl obose, less than 12 mm. in diam- eter, e acid.—Hammocks, pen. Fla.—(W. I. ) 12. V. Simpsonii Munson. Leaf-blades suborbieular in outline, 5—18 cm. broad, prominently or mostly deeply 3—5-lobed, and shallowly toothed, ped above, sa or less o o or rusty-tomentose beneath, cordate: pani 5—10 m. long, usually compact: berry commonly 15 mm. in diam Black, mostly d wie ——BSandy soil, especially in scrub and on shell mounds, pen. Fla V. Labrusca L. Leaf-blades thickish, suborbicular to broadly ~ mostly longer An ien moro toothed or scalloped, otherwise entire, or 3-lobed ar the , glabrate above, densely ne a or felty icd a. 5-12 em a pi Je id simple: berry globose, 1.5-2 cm. in diameter, amber o purple with a sli s bloom, the skin and tough pulp sweet and musky, or esr ngent.— (FOxX-GRAPE. PLUM-GRAPE. )—Thiekets and woods, various prov- ces, D ouch. and Vt. 2. MUSCADINIA Small Vines. Leaf-blades angled or coarsely toot ane Flowers in racemes or panicles, green. Oalyx minute. Petals cohering. Berri rather juicy, ultimately edible.—T'wo species.—SCUPPERNONGS. uos = 5-2.5 cm. in diameter; the skin and pulp tough, the latter musky: seed ong. 1. M.rotundifolia. Berries L ‘1.5 em. in e the skin and pulp tender, the latter acid: seed 3-5 mm. long. 2. M. Munsoniana. 1. M. rotundifolia ( ere ee Leaf-blades firm or leathery, suborbicular to ovate-orbicular, 4— meter or larger, usually acuminate, coarsely aay: E abrous, pe nig EM and some- eath, cor rdate: berry EDS "dull e. without nn n musky pulp, t iud o Rn E CADINE. SOUTHERN RAP "Sci NONG. )—Thickets S wamps, p reed ‘and hammocks, various provinces, see a. to Tex., Kans., and Del.—(Mez.)—Spr.-sum. M. Munsoniana (Simpson) Small. Leaf- blades thinnish, but rather firm, suborbicular or reniform, 4— 8 em. Dodd coarsely toothed, eet except the axils of the us be- neath, rnc cordate at the base: berry globose, 1-1.5 em. in diameter, nearly d na pulp tender, acid: seed 3-5 mm. long pe itis peltata Raf.|— (BULLACE- E.)— —Hammocks and serub, Fla. and Ga.—(W. I.) m fall, or all year S. 3. CISSUS L. Fleshy vines. Leaf-blades simple or 3-foliolate. Flowers in small cymes, green. Petals spreading. Berry inedible.—About 225 species, tropieal.—Spr.-sum. or all year S.—POSSUM-GRAPE. Leaf-blades 3-foliolate, the leaflets coarsely toothed. Flowers in trichotomous cymes: berry thickest above the middle. 1. C. incisa. lo E in compound umbel-like cymes: berry thickest below middle. 2. C. trifoliata. 3. C. Leaf-blades simple, distantly serrate. sra yo ides: VITACEAE 839 green, very fleshy, 3-10 e NP ioe met lobed, the lateral ones 2- all more or less cuneately ed the ( - n Tp nd h various provinces, Fla., den the "Florida Keys, to Tex., Kans., an nd "M. —Sum 2. C. trifoliata L. Plant pd leaf- blades 3- foliolate; leaflets 1—3 cm. long, sub- orbicular varyin g to ovate or eae often flabellate: berry globose-ovoid or d, abruptly pointed, 5-7 . in diameter, dark purple. [C. acida L.]—(SoRREL-VINE.)— Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I. Mes., C. A., S. A.) —Sum. 3. C. sicyoides L. t pubeseent: leaf-blades ovate or e -ovate, 2-8 c long, acute or often acuminate: berry subglobose, about 1 n diameter black —The inflorescence is often infected by a dar i Ustilago Cissi. which t in the flowers into cigar- we bodies.—Hammoeks, S pen. Fla. p d Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Spr fall or all year r S. 4, AMPELOPSIS Michx. Woody vines. Leaf-blades simple or bi ipin- nate; flowers in flat cymes, green. Petals ore Berry inedible —About 15 species, of temperate and tropical regiou Leaf-blades simple: ovary not surpassing the disk but nearly MS from it. COE scarcely lobed: petals DES about 2.5 mm. long. . A. cordata. Cal prominently lobed: p als broadly ovate or sub- ieular, about 1.5 mm. long. 2. A. heterophylla. Leaf-blades bipinnate: ovary nasa the disk, the latter ostly adnate it. 3. A. arborea. ordata Michx. Leaf-blades ovate or triangular-ovate, 4-12 c ong, shallowly serrate, long-petioled: 5s eae i 6-8 mm. in donde Ino or greenish-blue. [Cissus Ampelopsis Per l River. bauke and woods, eae provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and Va. A. heterophylla Sieb. & Zuce. Leaf- blades Ao co Na ovate, or deltoid in outline, 3-8 em. long, crenate, short petioled: style Sonde. berry light-blue or white, dark- spotted.—Cult. grounds, various provinces, Ga. to N. C. and locally elsewhere. Nat. of E. Asia and cult.—Sum.-fall. 3. A. arborea (L) mae Leaf-blades bi- pinnate, 1-2 dm. long; leaflets several or many, the blades. Pn often broadly so or cuneate-obovate, 1-3 cm. long, ele toothed, incised, or lobed: ae iud in diameter, ripis und n stans Pers.]—(PEPPER-VINE.)— RM low thick ets and swamp oastal > CH. ds Plain and E adj. a Fla. to Tex. Mo., "e va M ez.) —Spr.-fall. . 840 TILIACEAE | ARTHENOCISSUS Planch. Vines, the tendrils often disk bearing. D digitately compound. Flowers in compound cymes, green. Petals spreading. Berry inedible.—About 10 species, North American and Asiatic.— VIRGINIA-CREEPERS. "WOODBINES. AMERICAN-IVIES. Twigs, tendrils, and leaves pubescent. 1. P. hir Twigs, tendrils, and leaves glabrous. 2. P. EPE olla: 1. P. hirsuta (Donn.) Small. Leaflets 5; blades oval, elliptic, or ovate, a or short-acuminate, end toothed above’ the middle, all except the anal one: berry 7-8 mm. in diameter, dark-blue, ien a slight bloom, slightly ‘pulpy: seed 5 m. long, glossy, notch ed a top, with a conspicuous b e Rods plaees, va pro s, Ga. to Tex.—(Me a. )— — 777 he u^ P. quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Leaflet 5; blades usually thinnish, oval or elliptic, the lateral ones inequilateral, coarsely ser- rate above the middle with rather appressed teeth: 1 long, prominently rugose, mostly rather - dull, with an orbieular de pM IRGINIA-CREEPER. WOODBINE. os à Ivy.)—Woods, oo sand-dunes, id Tanne) various provinces, Fla. Tex., Man., and Que.—(W. I., Mez.)—Spr. or all year S.—The bark is me ‘medicinally. Orper MALVALES — MALVAL ORDER Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple, often lobed and toothed. Flowers mostly perfect, regular and involucrate. Calyx of distinct or partially united sepals. Corolla of distinct petals. Androecium of numerous monadelphous or grouped stamens. Gynoecium of several distinct or united carpels. Fruit capsular, follicular, berry-like, or nut-like. Stamens numerous (in our genera). Stamens distinct or in several groups: anthers 2-celled. Fam. 1. TILI ae Stamens monadelphous: anthers 1-celled. Fam. 2. MALVA TU Stamens as many as the sepals. Fam. 3. Boat A Faminy 1. TILIACEAE — LINDEN FAMILY Shrubs or trees, or rarely herbs. cr mostly alternate: blades simple. Flowers usually perfect. Cal or 5 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 petals which sometimes bear a petaloid scale at the base. Androecium of usually n stamens, sometimes of as und or pe as many the sepals. Gyn m of 2-several united carpels. Fruit capsular, nut- like, or eae ie. iir cee t 35 genera and 275 CI widely distributed. pen T pedicels without & conspicuous bract: filaments not forked: fruit Petals ‘inserted with the stamens: capsule often silique-like. 1. CORCHORUS. Petals inserted below the Perm at the base of an elevated receptacle: capsule subglobo . TRIUMFETTA. TILIACEAE 841 Peduncles each with a conspicuous adnate bract: filaments forked: fruit nut-like. 3. TILIA. 1. CORCHORUS [Tourn.] L. Herbs or small shrubs. Leaf-blades serrate. Sepals 5, or rarely 4, unappendaged at the tip. Petals 5 or isi 4, naked at the dus, larger than the sepals, yellow. Anther-sacs contiguous. Ovary elon gate. Ovules numerous. Capsule many-seeded.—About 40 ee mostly tropi- cal UTES. JEW'S-MALLOWS.—The fibrous bark of some species form at least part of the jute of commerce. Capsule long (4 c re) and narrow, neither angled nor winged: pc es without basal apeendiaes: the teeth not bristle-tipped : pe about 1 mm etals of a spatulate type, often linear-spatulate: with a single beak. 1. C. orinocensis. Petals of an obo vate type, often rhombic-obovate: capsule with 4 o n MT — 2. C. siliquosus. leaf-blades with a Dott of basal bristle tipped ae the teeth bristle-tipped : seed much less than 1 mm. lon 3. C. acutangulus. 1. C. orinocensis H. B. K. Lm ee sparingly branched: leaf-blades ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 2-6 c ong, acute or acutish, crenate-serrate, short- to narrowly linear-lanceolate, 5—6.5 es or rarely Is spatulate, mostly Lard io 00 - eapsule slender, A Tp) long, subulate Patr finely pubescent.— N ie Ham S, waste-places, and roadsides, dA SN Coastal um and southwestern provinces, la. to Tex. ae ri (W S. 4.)—A1l yea 2. C. siliquosus L. Stem often end much-branched: leaf-blades ovate, oval- ovate, or elliptie-lanceolate, mostly 1-3 em. long, sometimes longer, mostly aeute, ser- etioled: - sepals nearly linear, 6-8 . ; - ; e: petals Pu EE 4.5-5.5 mm. long: nee slender, 5-8 em. long, 4-beaked at the truncate apex, obscurely pubes —Hammocks, roadsides, and cult. ade S Fla.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. 4. pu ie C. acutangulus Stem finely pubescent, 1 m. tall or less, widely od leaf- blades elliptic. ins ovate, or rue -ovate, 2.5-7.5 em. long, acute or acutish, crenate-serrate, slender-petioled: flower-clusters nearly sessile: ate, 4-5 mm te 4—4.5 mm. 1 : long: bci stout, 1-2 cm. long, the angles pid each with 5 spreading or of E. L—(. I., 2. TRIUMFETTA [Plum.] L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaf-blades mostly toothed and lobed. Sepals 5, often appendaged at the tip. Petals 5, each with a pit at the base, often shorter than the sepals, yellow, or rarely wanting. Anther-saes contiguous. vary globular. vules few. Capsules few-seeded.— About 70 species, of warm and tropical regions.—BURWEED. Twigs hirsute: pci ae glabrous or with scattered hairs: the prickles as long as its diameter 1. T. semitriloba. nger Twigs softly Pups eit: capsule-body einereous-tomentulose: the . priekles shorter than its diamet 2. T. Bartramia. 849 TILIACEAE 1. T. semitriloba Jacq. Plants stellate-tomentose, 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate, rhombie, or pens rbicular, serrate, c DN or 3-lobed, 3-8 em. long: sepals linear long, or longer: petals euneate-spatulate or linear-spatulate: eapsule-bo prs Es diameter, der nearly truneate at the base; VEMM edid than the blades: panics id ongated, interrupted: sepals linear or “nearly i m. ] g: The Tn wields’ a fiber similar to jute. l 2. T. Bartramia L. Plants pubescent, fully 2 m. tall or less, usually widely branched : leaf-blades r Pn N suborbicu- : In M l wur i p spatulate, nun shorter than the sepals: eapsule-body 2.0-3.5 m n diameter, RUE prickled-armed.—Cult. grounds, waste-places, and roadsides E Fla. Nat. of trop. Am.—(W. I.)—Spr.—fall. 3. TILIA L.1 Trees with roundish stoutish branchlets without terminal buds, the large acute axillary buds covered with numerous imbricate scales. Leaves deciduous: blades long-petioled, cordate, truncate, or cuneate at bas se, generally more or less a mucronate-crenate: stipules caducous. Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes or corymbs, the peduncle more or less adnate to a reticulate bract. Sepals 5, distinct, alternate with the five white or yellow petals opposite each one of which in our species, stands a spatulate staminodium or ipe “like scale. Stam s borne in clusters of five on the receptacle: fila- ments united at bas dp o o the staminodia, forked near apex, each branch ps aring an extrorse es -sac. Ovary pu 5-celled: stigmas 5. Fruit woody, nut-like, sometimes ribbed, 1-celled, 1- o eded, globose or sub- globose.—About 65 species, in the Northern Hemisphe E —early Sum.— Basswoops. LINDENS.—The wood is soft, light, pale, and straight- ix and the inner bark is fibrous. The flowers are fragrant. and yield fine honey, and are used medicinally. The European-lime, Tilia europaea L., without staminodia in the flowers, is often planted, and yields lime-flower oil used as a perfume. e leaves are variable in shape and pubescence, marked differ- ences sometimes being found on the same tree. Leaves from suckers and new shoots are not so serviceable in identification as those on flowering branches. Done pubescent beneath at maturity. when present, all stellate and closels appressed. "Leatt pu with brown or rusty DOCTI beneath. blades obliquely cordate at the Bracts mostly gradually narrowed to a peduncle above the base. 1. T. neglecta. xri mo abruptly narrowed to or nearly he base of the peduncle. 2. T. caroliniana, Leaf-blades ebiquely truncate at the base. acts 1-1.5 ¢ wide, 3. T. porracea. Bracts over 1. D e wide. 4. T. georgiana. DEAE UIROE i with white, p s or silvery-gray pubes- a), nce beneath. . (Sometimes brown in No. 1 Contributed by Benjamin Franklin Bush. TILIACEAE 843 Bracts mostly gradually narrowed to the pe- duncle above the base. Sepals pubescent on the outside, with short, felt-like hairs. 5. T. Michauz. Sepals nearly E PRONS outside, with few seale-like hai 6. T. truncata. Braets E abruptly narrowed to the base e pedu Leaf-blades gray or silvery-gray beneath. T. T. heterophylla. Leaf-blades white beneath, 8. T. eburnea. oe on branchlets, pedune! es, hd pedicels long and adin 9. T. lasioclada. Leaf-blades glabrous beneath at maturity. Bracts more or less pubescent at anih esia: Bract 0.5-2 em. wide. 10. T. littoralis. 11. T. glabra. Bract 3-4 cm. PRYS Bracts glabrous at anthesis. Leaves not glaucous beneath: cymes loosely few-fiow- ere Leaves "glaucous beneath: cymes compactly many- Bract 1.5-2 cm. wide: stmainodia erose. 13. T. floridana. Bract 3-4 em. wide: staminodia entire. 14. T. australis. l. T. neglecta Spach. Tall tree, with deeply furrowed and scaly reddish- brown bark, often pendulous branches, ers slender glabrous branchlets: leaf- blades thick, aeute or abruptly acumina 12. T. leucocarpa. d se, coarsely mucronate-crenate, dark-green, smooth and lustrous a ered below, except the mi with hort persistent pubescence i w i conspicuous axillary tufts, 10—15 -12 e de: flowers 5-15 to Mun in long-brane glabro ymes: slender, glabrous, the free portion 3—4 lon et narrow, long-attenuate to base, d ur he apex, glabrous, 7-11 em. wide: als ovate, cilia T z labrous without, pilose with long white eh within, half as lon ng as the lanceolate petals. [ T. ameri d "Mar Not L.]—Rie dion ground, iea Po eons provinces, farely Coastal Plain, N.O. to N Miss 4 N. Y., Que., and W Mas T. caroliniana Mill. Large tree, with slender reddish eripi = ae ovate, 7-11 em. long, abruptly long- pointed, oblique, truncate, orda base, coarsely mucronate-crenate with bro ad gland- tipped teeth, . coated bo with a rusty or pale detaching stellate pubescence, at first hoa B mento t pper surface glabrous, dark and lustrous at maturity n 8—15 together in small, stout-branched, pubescent cymes: nele slender, pubescent, the portion 2-3.3 em. long : bee linear-elliptic, 10-12 em. long, sessile or nearly so, becoming glabrous or glabrate: sepals ciliate, brown and pubescent without, earing long white hairs within. [T a ied Ait. T. ar Ashe ata Ashe]|—Woods, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. C.; o W La. to S Ark., and rather generally in Tex. to the Edwards Platan. 3. T. i tag Ashe. Tree: leaf blades on flowering ped elliptic-ovate, 8-10 e Pape taper- cde about twice as long as broad, cuneate at base or a. on one side, onate-crenate with gland- tipped teeth, dull blue-green above, pale grayish green below, the early appressed s traight pubescence de- a s by flowering t a little easily detached faseicled pubescence re- nus ; corym ines pi | pubescent; peduncle slender, pubescent, the tee portion 2-3.5 em. long; bract linear-elliptie or lingulate, often falcate, finally o. 4-8 < em, long, n narrowed to the rounded sessile base: sepals 844 TILIACEAE pubescent without, long silky withim at the base, three-fourths as long as the elliptie, obtuse petals, not longer than the staminodia -—Hammocks, Okaloosa , Fla. T. georgiana Sarg. Small tree, with Le slender ipu at first pale- Eure escent and rusty, ultimately red-bro and glabrous: f-blades ovate, abruptly du Marie oblique, or PUn at P ee mucronate- erenate, reddish and tomentose when unfoldin ing, ultimately dark yellow-green and scabrate aoe and gue below ET ick pale or oer ht tomentum, or glabrous in autumn, conspicuously Mice uuu flowers 10—15 together in pubescent compact corymbs: peduncle slender, densely pubescens ves free portion 2.5—4 em. long: pap linear-elliptic to spatulate, pubescent or becoming nearly glabrous, 6.5—-10 cm. long: sepals ovate, half 2 long as the HEATER A aeuminate petals EH Coastal Plain, C Fla. to S. C. . Michauxii Nutt. "Tree similar to T. heterophylla, but the leaf-blades ax r eru glabrescent, the free portion 3.5-5 cm. long: bract oblanceolate to spatulate, pape linear-elliptie, 9-12 cm. long: sepals icu and ciliate without, mentose within: petals ix —Wo a various provinces, though rarely Coastal Plain or higher mountains, Ga. to Miss., Ark, Mo., S I, and S N. Y. T. truncata Spaeh. Large tree, with stout glabrous S which are brighi red the first season and later bro own, the bark BE e runk furrowed and aly: le af-blades ovate or ovate- d or triangul noa b acumi- i obliquely cordate at the base, deeply c erencte -Serr T bey -green and lustrous above, hoary-tomentose below 10—18 cm. long, 8— . wide: flo Pio n in glabrous cymes: peduncl Ei euge. the E Sodos 3.5—4 c ong: braet elliptie, obtuse, glabrous, 5-7 cm. "Jong: sepals ovate, P pubescent outside, silky inside, half as long as the lanceolate petals. [T. cinerea Raf. T. monticola LE ]—W ooded hills, Blue Ridge to Appalachian d V 7. T. heterophylla Vent. Large tree, with slender, glabrous reddish or yel- lowish-brown branchlets: leaf-blades ov ate, gradually narrowed to the acumi- nate apex, obliquely truncate or slightly cordate at base, pubescent above at unfolding but at maturity dark-green and Mores ous above, with the lower sur- face covered with thiek firmly attached pale (sometimes brown) tomentum, a vein-axils with rusty tufts, m oo erenate with gland-tipped teeth, 8-12 c long; flowers 10- Ko: toge ethe in pubescent more or less corymbs; peduncle glabrous, the free portion ve ally 3-4 em. long, or sometimes less: bract Pipe ud ta to oblanceolate or spatulate, unsymmetrically cuneate at base, finally glabrous, 10.5- o» hee long: eed pale-pubescent without, villous within: petals lanceolate [T. a ÁAshe]—W ooded oi various Po EE rarely Coastal Plain or noe pomi. N Fla. to S Ind. and W. . eburnea Ashe. Tall tree, m dark gray-brown furrowed ae on the tru nk and smooth silver-gray bark on the branches, the twigs stout, 5-6 mm. thick, soft, glabrous, occasionally uL glaucous, ace of the Hoe season right-green, brown, or red-brown, becoming gray the P es year, the buds large and glaucou 8: e bledes ovate or round-ovate, 8—14 c m. ‘long, abruptly acuminate, os cordate or truncate at the base, shar rply m mueronate- -crenate, thick, dar uu Be and gla abrous above, densely pubescent opp cd ith soft ivo ry-w white hair s whi ch are Sometimes deciduous by autumn: br Bee linear- elliptic or a 10—20 em. long, or Mar shorter, go curd above, often pubescent beneath, neatly sessile: ovary o brown- -pubescent. —Rich soil and cool glens, various provinces, N W Fla. to N. C., in Coastal Plain only in the former State. TILIACEAE 845 T. lasioclada Sarg. Large tree, becoming 20 m. tall: leaf-blades thick, 9. ovate, 10-15 em. long, abruptly acuminate finely mucronate- -erenate with gland- re small, branched cymes shorter than the bra act, the branches with long spreading hairs, the frec portion 2.5—3 cm. long; bract linear-elliptie to spatulate, abruptly it . Ld . p to a short pure sepals acute, pubescen ose within, bout one-third as long the lanceolate acuminate petals, about the sa length as the staminodia.—Rich soil, Coastal Plain and Pie ut Fla. to - o far as k vannah Rive Distinct from all other American species in its long and eni diea hairs on "the a veins of the leaves, and the peduncle and branches of the in- floresce 10. T. littoralis Sarg. Tree, the branchlets A reddish or purplish and abro pale- Mig the first season, M de gl and light gray-grown: leaf- blad vate, 8-12 cm. long, 8-1 m. wide, BD. short-pointed, unsymmet- NE rounded on one side at , and cuneate at the other, finely serrate, at fi tomentose, so us and n glaucous beneath, pale yellow-green above, only the vein-axils bearing conspicuous rusty tufts: flowers 9-15 together small e act pubescent cymes: peduncle somewhat pubescent, the free por- tion 2-2 1. lo et oblanceolate, 5-17.5 em. : g, bro ut the ciliate S and E midrib beneath: sepals pale-pubescent without, villose on margins and w ong white hairs within: petals acuminate.— Coast and Be: Islands of Ga. T. glabra Vent. Tall tree, ieu, stout, red, gd: tely glabrous branchlets: m blades broadly ovate, 10— 18 c . long, 10- 15 c . wide, abruptly acuminate, vith gland-tipped teeth, at first coated wit mentum brous, dark yellow-green above, pale beneath, the vein-axils without axillary tufts: fl 8 10-15 together in broad, slender-branch rly us peduncle stout, glabrous, red, the free portion 2.5-4 e ong: bract elliptic to obovate, gradually sa to ae base, 8-16 cm. long: sepals a shorter than the lanceolate peta [T.v osa Sarg. T. fulva Raf.]—Co upland woods, Blue Ridge and i 00. provinces, N. C. to Tenn., and E Ky. 12. T. leucocarpa Ashe. Small tree, with pale furrowed bark, narrow crown, and rather slender, glabrous ; orange or red-brown branchlets: the winter-buds dull-red, ovoid: leaf-blades thin, ree a ovate, 10-15 em. long, 8-10 em. wide, ru etrically cordat t t abruptly inte nsymm date or trunca , coarsely mucronate-crenate with glandular teeth, on unfold g dark-red and sparsely pubescent, soon glabrous or wit all axillary tufts in the vein-axils beneath dark-gree ve, pale and lustrous beneat wers usually 10-12, or some- times as m gether in long-branched pubescent cymes: peduncle glabrous: braet linear-lingular, sometimes broa y-lingular, 8- e long, usually 1.5 , or occasionally . broad, nearly sessile sepals acute, rusty-tomentose without, brous within. [T. nu oods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. to Tex. S E Okla., and S W Ark k.—Closely similar to T. americana L., of the northern States, differing chiefly in its densely tomentose pedicels. 13. T. floridana Small. Small tree, with furrowed bark and slender red- pis or yellowish glabrous branchlets: leaf- blades broadly ovate, 6-12 em. 5-10 em. wide, acuminate at apex, truncate or cordate at the uns R base, or variously oblique, coarsely mucronate-crenate with rather large teeth, the mucro exceedingly long, reddish and tomentose in unfolding, but at maturity 846 MALVACEAE dark and glabrous above, p below, or Me with a Vobis bloom, vase tufted in rey -axils: cymes compact, few-flowered: peduncle pubescent, the free por n 2-4 em. long, pea ec hoary- “tomentose: bract linear- elliptic to nearly spa a. often faleáte, glabrous, 8-16 em. long, dois nar- row: sepals hoary-tomentose without, two-thirds as long as dis lanceolate petals. [T. crenoserrata Sarg. labamensis o ich woods, various provinces, us r in the higher mountains, W Fla. to Tex., S E Okla., Ky., and W N. C. —(Menz.) 14. T. australis Small. Tree DoE 20 m. tall: leaf-blades ur 2 0 a I te-m portion em. li often 4 em. broad, E glaucous 2d glabrous beneath: sepals about t ree-fifths as DE the ls: staminodia pid -spatulate.—W ooded hillsides, Blue Ridge t Xon un provinees, Ala. to N. C. Famity 2. MALVACEAE — Marrow FAMILY Herbs, ie or trees. Leaves alternate: blades simple, palmately veined. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 5 d or less united valvate sepals. S stamens. Gynoecium of several united, “ofte n whorled, carpels. ruit capsular or sometimes baccate About 45 genera and 900 species, widely distribu ted. Fruit of cL radially Ed carpels whieh separate from each other at ma Carpels. a many as there are stigmas: staminal-column anther-bearing at the mit. Stigma is short, capitate or truncate. Tribe I. SIDEAE. Stigmas elongate, usually filiform, introrse. Tribe II, MALVEAE. Carpels one half as many a s there are stigmas: staminal- inm an ather bearin ng on CN upper part, but not at e lobed. or truncate summ Fruit Ps "Cloculicidal capsule or rael indehiscent. I. SIDEAE Tribe IIT. URENEAE. Tribe IV. HIBISCEAE. Seeds 2-several uu each carpel. Involucel wanting. Carpels leathery or oe Eee not bladdery. 1. ABUTILON. Carpels D bladder 2. GAYOIDES. i1nvolucel of 3 bra 3. MODIOLA. Seeds solitary in each carpel. Involucel of 2 2 ut ? bractlets. 4. MALVASTRUM. Involucel wanti 5. SIDA. I. Petals ed at the apex: carpels beakless, without inter- 6. MALVA. nal proc Petals eoo Pat the apex: carpels beaked, with an internal process above the seed. 1. CALLIRRHOE. III. URENEAE Carpels dry, achene-like. Involucel unt inflorescence capitate. 8. MALACHRA. faxo ee ee cU bractlets: inflorescence axillary or Involucel “of 2 partially united bractlets: carpels spiny all ov 9. URENA. Involucel = 5-15 T a carpels unarmed h 1-3 spin e back. Mature eem spi Mcd 10. PAVONIA. Mature carpels M DIRcloss. E sometimes cuspidate. 11. MALACHE. Carpels o a drupelike berry, but separating at maturi 12. MALVAVISCUS. MALVACEAE 847 HIBISCEAE Styles en A. Spreading: seeds usually reniform Cap as long E broad or much longer, "tie cavities many-s Bractlets of "the ‘involucel dis Calyx not bladdery, bc unis the base of the capsule. persistent or deciduous. eB cup-like, persistent, nearly equally 5- 13. HIBISCUS. Calyx spathe-like, split on one side and decidu- ous about the base 14. ABELMOSCHUS. ere bladdery-inflated, scarious and conspicuously ned. 15. TRIONUM. Br ace of the involucel united into a lobed cup. 16. PARITI. Capsule much oe e oe 1-seeded. 17. KOSTELETZKYA. Styles united: seed not re Bractlets of the invotueels enire rather inconspicuous. “Se n wholly ted or nearly so: capsule inde- 18. THESPESIA. Se epals e m united at the base: capsule loculicidal. 19. CIENFUEGOSIA. Bractlets.of the involucels laciniate, conspicuous. 20. GOSSYPIUM ABUTILON [Tourn.] Mill Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees. Leaf- T de toothed, or lobed. Involueel wanting. Sepals 5, he below Petals 5, often yellow. Carpels 5-30, beaked at maturity.—About 100 species: mostly in ird regions.— INDIAN-MALLOWS.—The bark yields a CUN The y plants, especially the flowers, are mucilaginous. caves a Rud more: fruit hirsute at the top: mature carpels short-beaked or merely ate. Plant npud petals yellow. 1. A. Abutilon. Plant perennial: p. pink, salmon-pink, or red, or yellow above a purple Petals yellow apoE purple base: mature carpels less than 15 mm. long: seed merely minutely ae 2. A. hirtum. Petals pink, salmon-pink or red: carpels mostly o . long; seed hirsute. 3. A. pauciflorum. Carpels 10 o or fewer: fruit finely pubescent or puberulent at the top: mature carpels slender-beaked. . A. permolle., 1. A. Abutilon (L.) n sby. Stem 3-18 dm. tall, velvety-pubescent: leaf- blades a to ovate or reniform- orbicular, 9- 30 em. long: calyx-lobes ruptly pointe 5 LEAF.)—Roadsi sides, ve grounds, : = waste- places, various provinces, Fla. to pes and Me. Nat. of Asia c (W. I. y A. hirtum Sweet. sd < 3.5 dm a ety-canescent, and what villou hirsute: leaf -blades pa pn suborbicular, 2-15 em. long: Po ins acute or acumi- nate: petals 15-20 mm. long: carpels 8—10 mm. long. Coastal er pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(F. I., E. I.)—All year. *e 7 e 4 os trm ? O us o» savecerapa T A HOLT ITE anma Hi 5 . pauciflorum St. Hil. Stem 9-40 dm : a hirsute: p blades AN. to suborbieular, 5-8 em. long: calyx-lobes acuminate: petals 20-25 . long: earpels 15-17 mm. long. [A. pedunculare H.B. 2: prasides pinelands, and a Aros -places, pen. Fla. and the Keys.— (W. I., S. A.)—A1 yea 4. A. permolle (Willd.) Sweet. Stem 5-16 dm. tall, velvety-tomentose: leaf-blades ovate, 2.5-10 cm. long: petals yellow, 10-15 mm. long: carpels 848 MALVACEAE 11-12 mm. long.—(INDIAN-MALLOW. em hammocks cult. grounds, and roadsides, pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.)—All yea . GAYOIDES Small. Herbs, sometimes vine-like. Leaf-blades com- mois toothed. Involucel wanting. Pd 5, united below. Petals 5, usually yellow. Carpels numerous, beakless at m turity.—One species. G. crispum (L.) branehes 3-9 dm. long: CUBE ovate, 5 em. long, mostly acute or rather ealyx-lobes rather abruptly poin a id ee l led at th mmit.—Pinelands, mmocks, waste- D ud cult. grounds, inces, Tex. to Ariz.— . L, d. S. A.)—All —G ber T ) has merely velvety desea pe It seems othe to be the s s G. cris- pum and occupies the same ea sien 3. MODIOLA Moeneh. Herbs. Leaf-blades palmately lobed or divided. Involucel present. Sepals 5, united below. Petals 5, entire. Carpels many, transversely 2-celled, beaked at maturity, ih faees smooth or merely wrinkled.—One spe- 1 1. M. caroliniana (L.) G. Don. Branches d ais or eee 1-7 dm. long: leaf- ades em grounds, waste e-places, and roads ides, o Plain and O a J. Po s, Fla. Tex. and Va.—(W. I., ec: c Sum.—The petals are Caner orange. 4. MALVASTRUM A. Gray. Herbs or partly woody plants. Leaf- blades entire, lobed, or parted. Involucel of distinct bractlets, or wanting. Sepals 5, partially united. Petals 5, variously colored. Carpels 5 or aa 1-celled, m or beakless.—About 75 sepecies, American and Afric FALSE-MALLOW Plant a n : 1. M. angustum. Plant Seren ial: Flowers EUM. in the axils or in terminal inter- rupte M spikes or spikelike racemes: stri igos Mature a beakless, sometimes with a mere protuberance behind the apex. 2. M. corchorifolium. Mature carpels with a subulate beak behind the apex. 3. M. coromandelianum. Flowers in congested terminal and axillary spikes: stem hirsute. 4. M. spicatum. MALVACEAE 849 M. angustum A. Gray. Stem 1-3 dm. tall; leaf-blades elliptic-lanceolate to linear-elliptie, 2-4 em. long, remotely serrate: calyx-lobes broadly triangular: petals yellow, about equalling the calyx- lobes: carpels 5 or 6, pubesce (Y FALSE-MALLOW.)—Dry soil = rocky hills, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. to Kans., Ia., and T 2. M. corchorifolium (Desr.) Britton. 3-9 dm. tal; leaf-blades ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 2-6 m. g, arsely se -lobes triangular-ovate, acumi- nate: petals orange- nell e hispidu- lous, [M. Eugelü 8. te-places, aad cult. sem pen. and the Keys.—(W. I.) 8. M. coromandelianum (L.) Garcke. Stem i f 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades orbicular-ovate to elliptic-ovate, 2-8 em. bur — serrate: pleas rw le petals light-yellow: carpels hirsute on top. [M. L. r.]—Hamm eck, amar cult. grounds and Male i Coastal "Plain, Fla. "to Tex.—(W. I , €. A., 8. A., O. W.) 4. M. spicatum (L.) A. Gray. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to deltoid-ovate, 3—8 cm. long, pem icd Or aad slightly lobed: calyx densely pubescent; lobes triangular-lanceolate, 3-4 m long: petals oran ê; i arpels 3 mm. long, the tip inflexed —Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. an 5. SIDA I. Herbs or eia woody plants. Leaf-blades usually toothed. Involuce] usually wanting. Sepals 5, partially united. Petals 5 pale, often yellow. Carpels 5 * many, l-celled, commonly singly or doubly beaked.—About 100 species, widely distributed—The bark of some species yields a strong fiber Leaf-blades palmately lobed: corolla white: calyx terete at the base PSEUDO-NAPAFA. af-blades merely oe corolla colored : calyx angled.— Subgenus MALVIN Flowers or flower-clusters in leafy involucres at the .— Subgenus I. HERMAPHRODITAE. ends of the branches. II. CILIARES. Flowers or flower-clusters axillary or sometimes in terminal panicles. III. SPINOSAE. I. HERMAPHRODITAE Tall perennial: lobes of the leaf-blades toothed. 1. S. hermaphrodita. II. CILIA Diffuse perennial, somewhat resembling a ec in na it: flower-clusters leafy-involucrate. 2. S. ciliaris. III. SPINOSAE tems or branches decumbent or prostrate 3. S. procumbens. Stems erect or ascendin f-blades cordate. 4. S. cordifolia. Leaf-blades acute, rounded, or truncate at the base. Leaf-blades ovate to cuneate or lanceola Ma aes rec ls e hose arising from the stem, much longer than the pedicels. 5. S. rhombifolia. Mature carpels with 2 teeth each: peduncles Shorter than the pedicels or only slightly 850 MALVACEAE dee with petioles less than 1 cm. 6. S. ee ste caves with petioles over 1 cm. long. T. S.S Leaf-blades linear or linear-elliptic. -blades and calyx with red margins. eon f-blades of a ici linear type: ma- .ture earpels 4-5 m high. 8. S. Elliott, Leaf-blades broader: Pane carpels 3—4 mm. high. 9. S. rubromarginata. Leaf-blades and calyx with green margins, not discolored. 10. S. leptophylla. S. hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby. Plant erect, 9-40 dm. tall: leaf-blades anc ald 3—7-lobed : calyx-lobes triangular: pet tals white: mature carpels 6—7 ong. [ IRGINIA- ve w.)—River-banks and rocky slopes, i ward provinces N e Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ohio, Pa., and Va.— Sum. arisL. Plant with diffuse branches 1—4 em. long, serrate: calyx-lobes trian E pent dre ie: ple: mature carpels , 2-2.5 mm. long.— —Hammod : and open places, Florida Keys and —(W. I. Mez., C. A., 8. A.)—AIl yea 3. S. procumbens Sw. Plant with tomen- tose Miner a dm. long: tare d orbieular to ova e, 1-2.5 em. long, e calyx- obe Pid fae met nares ie a 4-6 mm. long: mature carpels often 5, about 2 mm. long, puberulent. [S. supina L’Her. i nonse and waste-places, Florida Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. 4.) —AM yea 4. S. cordifolia L. Plant 6—15 dm. tall, the stem and branches velvety- tomentose: leaf-blades ovate or suborbieular, 4—10 em. long, irregularly ere- nate: calyx-lobes triangular: petals tawny-yellow, 57 mm. ong | mature car- pels often 10-12, about 3 mm. long, retrorse- DH ia —Pinelands, hammocks, waste-places, and roadsides, pen. Fla. and the Keys; Lan Gulf seaports.— Nat. of trop. Am. (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—A1l yea S. rhombifolia L. Plant 5—12 dm. tall, the branches pen or gla- brate: leaf-blades rhombic, elliptic-o obovate, or oblanceolate, 1.5-8 long, serrate: calyx-lobes triangular: petals ge Seid Or sometim mes ier Dd at the e: mature carpels 10—12, abou ong.—Roadsides and waste- places Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. ‘and N. C Spr. -fall or all year S. et c £5 in S. carpinifolia L. f. Plant 3-9 dm. tall the branches dai d or Redes leaf-blades laneeolate, oblong-ovate, or ovate, 2—10 em. long, irregu- larly eed e -lobes triangular: petals yellow to white: B carpels 8—10, abou long.—Pinelands, hammocks, and cult. grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla Spr fall or all year S. 7. S. spinosa L. Plant 1-6 dm. tall, ee cl Rouen pios to ovate or ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, ong, serrate n. a. tri- angular: corolla pale-yellow or orange i i bon t 5, pr^ ong.— (XNDIAN-MALLOW. FALSE-MALLOW. PRICKLY-SIDA.)— —Roadsides, eult. grounds, MALVACEAE 851 and waste-places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ia., and Me.—Nat. of trop. Am.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Sum. 8. S. Ellottii T. & G. Plant 8-5 dm. tall or sometimes depressed: leaf- blades linear or nearly so, 2-7 em. ong. Po calyx-lobes triangular: petals deep-yellow: mature carpels 8-12, 4-5 long, rugose- Pia uie on the back.—Pinelands and edges of Bona e "Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss., B and Va.—Sum. 9. S. rubromarginata Nash. Plant 5-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades varying fro narrowly obovate to elliptie or ge lanceolate, 1.5—5.5 cm. long, na ealyx-lobes triangular: petals light-orange: mature carpels 8-10, 3-4 mm. long, rugose-pitted on the baek.—Sandy se a Fla.—Spr.—fall. ^ S. leptophylla Small. Plant 9—13 dm. tall, thinly pubescent: leaf-blades near to ich -elliptic, 2-10 em. long, sharply serrate: ealyx-lobes triangular: Belus ight orange: matur i ioe about 4 mm. long.—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Ga. to La.—Spr.-f 6. MALVA [Tourn.] L. Herbs. Leaf-blades lobed or dissected. Invo- lucel of usually 3 bractlets. Sepals 5, partially united. Petals 5, sometimes eroded. Carpels many, 1-celled, beakless, ed faces radially striate or ribbed at maturity.—A bout 30 species, natives of the Old World.—MaLLows.—The leaves and flowers " some species are e dn and are used medicinally. Corolla less than 2 em. broad: bractlets linear to lanceolate. Branches procumbent : carpels finely pubescent and smooth on the back. 1. M. rotundifolia. Branches erect or ascending: carpels glabrous and reticulated on the back. 2. M. parviflora. Corolla over 2 cm. broad: bractlets elliptic to ovate-lanceolate. 3. M. sylvestris. 1. M. rotundifolia L. Plant Too leaf-blades obscurely lobed, crenate- ep iu calyx-lobes o to unc 7 vate: petals light-blue, pink, or white, —14 m = on m. is ee Low- ern )— Cult, “grounds, waste- aes. ne e various prov- inces, aoe aN t U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.— —Spr.- M. parviflora L. Plant erect or ascend- and crenat es triangular: de white or n eT 3.5-7 mm on els 2-2.5 mm. long.—Waste- -plaees, vari- ous pos Fla. to Tex., Calif., and B. C. Nat. of Eu.—(Mex.)—Sum 3. M. sylvestris L. Plant 3-4 dm. tall: leaf-blades p lobed and crenate - n Pr bu eu icis or nearly so: petals light purple to reddish- purple, 2-2.5 c a ER s obov a 3 mm. long.—(H168-MALLO w.)—-Fields, s -plaees, ius about sar dens. local in various provinces, "V. S. and S Can. t. of Eu. —( Mex.)—Sum. CALLIRRHOE Nutt. Herbs, resembling species of Malwa. Leaf- 2e lobed, cleft, or dissected. Involucel of distinct bractlets, or wanting. 852 MALVACEAE Sepals 5, united below. Petals 5, sometimes erose-fimbriate. Carpels 10-20, 1-celled, more or less beaked, the faces smooth or reticulate at maturit About 8 species, North American.—POPPY-MALLOW Peduncles seeds a 1. C. triangularis. Peduncles 1-flow Involucels present, C. Papaver. Involucels wanting. $ C. alceoides. 1. C. triangulata (Leavenw.) A. Gray. Stem 3-9 dm. tall rough-pubes cent: n blades triangular-ovate to v iringnlarhaset 3-1. 5 em. long, those of the lower ones erenate or lobed: calyx- E “deltoid ovate: petals deep-purple, 2— long: Pa Eur. mm. long. (CLUSTERED POPPY w.)—Dry woods, various provinces, Maium Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex., Minn., Ill, and N. C.—Spr.-sum C. Papaver — A. Gray. Stem | 2 0 es lobed or 3—5-parted: calyx-lobes lanceolate to e M P ae 1-1.5 em. lo dh o red-purple, 2-4.5 em. long: carpel long — Sandy woods, Coastal Plain, Fes rs ex. and Ga.—Spr.— 8. C. alceoides (Michx.) A. Gray. Stem with strigillose branches 2-5 dm tall: leaf-blades palmately lobed or incised: calyx-lobes triangular or tri- angular-lanceolate, less than 1 cm. long: petals. EE or rose, 1-1.5 em. long: earpels 4 mm. long.—Dry soil, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Nebr., and Ky.—Spr.-sum. 8. MALACHRA L. Herbs or woody plants, sometimes with stingin hairs. Leaf-blades lobed. Involucel wanting. Sepals 5, partially united. Petals 5, broad. Carpels 5, 1-celled, beakless, the faces reticulate-veiny.—About 6 species, tropical American. Bracts acuminate: calyx-lobes acuminate, with rather weak hairs. M. ur Bract acute: calyx-lobes setaceous-tipped, with stout hairs. . M. alceifolia. rens Poit. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, more or less branched and spreading, finely ison in lines and with coarse simple or branched hairs: leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate, sometimes slightly 3- . long, ra n tips: petals 6-12 mm. long, light-yellow, iei or = usually 5 sparin ngly pubes ME bou mm. lon eed nearly a wide as g: long edes a o. and waste- places, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.— (W. I.)— All year. M. alceifolia Jacq. Stem mostly 3-10 EN tallor diffusely branched and spreading. finely soft-pubescent all over and with stiff forki duin : ovate, sometimes 3-lobed, 3-15 em. long, MALVACEAE 853 rather finely oo or crenate; flower- o dien ana oe calyx-lobes with setaceous tips as long as the pi petals 11-16 mm long, bright-yellow, phe without and ciliata: earpels: about ree m. lo ong: seed much longer than wide.—Was Vip roadsides, and pinelands, S pen. —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. 4.) AT year 9. URENA [Dil.] L. Shrubs or partly woody herbs. Leaf-blades angled or lobed. Involucel present. Sepals 5, united below, and often par- tially adnate to the bractlets. Petals 5, - purpli Car arely more, l-celled, indehiscent, usually bristly with barbed spines.—Three species, tropical. 1. U. lobata L. Stem mostly 1-2 m. tall, entose: leaf-blades suborbieular to oval, wly d u shallowly lob n errulate: bractlets inear-lanceolate, . long: bout as as the involucel: petals pink or rose, about 2 em. long rpels 4— - eter.—Hammocks, waste-olaces, and road- mae wi Nat. of E. L—(W. I., Mex., C. A., 4.) —The bark yields a fiber ; the de are used medicinal ally. 0. PAVONIA Cav. Shrubs or woody her Leaf-blades angled or TT Involueel present. Sepals 5, partially d Petals 5, often showy. Carpels 5, 1-celled, spine-armed.—About 60 species, mostly tropical Carpels 3-awned, the awns barbed: leaf-blades of an ovate type: da a lanceo- late to ovate- lanceolate. 1. pinifea. Carpels awnless and pointless : leaf-blades of a hastate type: calyx- lobes broadly ovate. 2. P. hastata. - 1. P. spinifex (L.) Cav. opel us m. tall, hirsute and strigillose: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, 5—10 ong: bractlets linear to lanceolate: calyx- lobes lanceolate to ovate- Taine: tals " yellow, 2.5 em. ong: mature carpels 56 mm. long, the spines slender-subulate.— Sandy woods, hammocks, and shell-mounds, : Spr.-sum. i d EE sagen an introduction. How- er, in t years it has | been found in the wi ildest pese of the interior. 2. P. hastata Cav. Plant 9-20 dm. tall, dr ar pq. leaf- blades of a hasta te t 2-5 . long: bractlets ovate to ob- tea _ mm. long: petals 2 mm. long, mainly pale red: carpels 4 mm. long. [P. LeContei T. & G.]—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Ga. Nai. of S. A.—(W. I.)— Spr.—fall. 11. MALACHE B. Vogel Shrubs or partly woody plants. Leaf-blades broad, remotely serrate or repand, 3-ribbed. Involucel of 6-8 bractlets or more. 854 MALVACEAE Sepals 5, partially united. Petals 5, pale. p Carpels with a median crest at the apex and Zi lateral cusps.—Three species, American. 1. M. scabra B. Vogel. Plant 1-3 m. tall, puberulent: leaf-blades ovate to iptic- ate, 6-15 cm. long: braetlets elliptie- lanceolate: ealyx-lobes ovate: petals green 0 S ish-yellow or whitish, 2-2.5 c earpels about 10 . long, reticulate on the b vonia racemos w hammocks, S pen. Fla. and the K 4., ) llow à was thought to d rare in Florida. However, uc the soa ein part ne the state became accessible it was found to be very abundant on the shores of ays. It is often erm and a branched. 12. MALVAVISCUS Dill. Shrubs, trees, or partially woody plants. Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or angulately lobed. Flowers horizontal or nod- ding, peduneled. Involucel of 7-12 narrow e ultimately forming: a baccate fruit.—About 10 species, tropical American. 244 l. M. Drummondii T. & G. Stem 8-19 dm. all, tom enu x blades bubo lar-campanulate, about 1 cm. long; s triangular, often deltoid, or sometimes ova shorter a the Ba acute: petals Mi. ion, long | Paced rooping, much dona ssed, in diameter, i -MALLOW.)—Ham- mocks, Coastal Sala, p Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., Mex.) —Spr.-fall 13. HIBISCUS L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades entire, lobed, or parted. Involucel of several, rarely 3, distinct bractlets. Sepals 5, more or less united. Petals 4 white, colored or variegated. poai forming a 5-valved capsule.—About 180 species, widely distributed.—ROSE-MALLOWS.— The bark of some species deis a fiber, and the leaves are Us as ein Corolla cylindric or the petals merely spreading at the tip: seed woolly. . TUBIFLORI. Corolla funnelform to rotate: seeds glabrous or hirsute. Bractlets of the involncel ‘dilated or forked at the apex. II. FURCELLATI. of the involucel entire, not dilated at the Herbs, ‘often tall perennials. Involucel and calyx Peake a not succulent. Corolla Bod funnelform or p PREIS De etals mainly pink or white, Calyx and involucel finely spinescent. III. CANNABINI. MALVACEAE 855 Calyx ae involucel glabrous or softly pu ubes e IV. GRANDIFLORI, Corolla rotate; petals red. ` V. COCCINEI. ur a calyx succulent. VI. SABDARIFFAE. Shrubs or . Corolla open- -funnelform: leaf-blades lobed. VII. SxRIACI. ro with & short funnelform tube and a large ate limb: leaf-blades merely toothed. VIII. ROSAE-SINENSES. I. TUBI Hrs Shrub with slender branches and nodding flower 1. H. pilosus. II. Fur set softly pubescent; blades shallowly lobed ; petals 8 ong or more. 2. H. furcellatus. Leaves ced pubescent ; blades deeply lobed: petals 7 . long or les 3. H. aculeatus. III. CANNABINI Erect bright-green plant, the leaf-blades with narrow coarsely toothed lobes: bractlets very oa er: calyx- lobes slenderly attenuate from a broad bas 4. H. cannabinus. IV. ie Leaf-blades glabrous b. H. militaris. Leaf- ps s pubescent at least beneath. A abrou pink: eapsule blunt. 6. H. Moscheutos. Cor oa I hite, with a crimson eye: capsule beaked. 7%. H. oculiroseus. Capsule pubescent: Lea € caf bia closely PAS DUDESC EHE beneath. ra closely mr stellate- cent ben en ped ule ed. Leaf-blades lBnc uide to uae. toothed. 8. H. incanus. Leaf-blades as wide as long, 3-5- lobed, the lobes toothed: 9. H. grandiflorus. Leaf-blades loosely ` stellate-tomentose apaa , capsule rounded or truncate at me tip 10. H. lasiocarpus. Leaf-blades brownish-pubescent beneath 11. H. mutabilis. V. COCCINEI l Leaf-blades with 5-7 narrow elongate more or Jes incised l . lobes 12. H. coccineus. Leaf-blades merely toothed or with 3-5 prominent, but short and broad lobes. oE Sa 13. H. semilobatus. ABDA Plant more or less suffused with red, io. 3. 5 "leaf-lobes Shallowy toothed: SucenIent e calyx-lobes. elongate. 14. H. Sabdariffa. VII. Sypraci Leaf-blades typically cuneate at the base: Short-pedicelled. 15. H. syriacus. VIII. ROSAE-SINENSES m rounded to cordate at the base: flowers long-. eduncled. 16. H. Rosa-sinensis. H. pilosus (Sw.) Fauc. & Rendle. Plant 3—18 dm. tall, stellate-hirsute: E blades Aun ed -ovate b an ier 3 ‘Tobe, crenate, 1-4 e m. long: bract- lets linear or nearly so, 7-9 mm. long: calyx- ; lobes aeuminate: pet tals be eg 2—2.0 cm. long: capsule fully 1 em. long. [H. spirali Cav. H. tubifiorus DC.] NEC E Flor- ida Keys.—(W. I., Mex.)—-All yea | H. furcellatus Ts. Plant 9—25 dm. tal : braetle narrow, 1-2 em. long, not bristly: lobes lanceolate to icra we pena yee petals pink or rose-pur ple, 8-10 em. long: eapsule ovoid, about 2.5 em. long, perros strigose.—Sandy shores, Indian River, Fla. (W. I., S. A.)—A11 yea ao ees Zire SIONS ee SAND 856 MALVACEAE 3. H. aculeatus Walt. Plant 9-20 dm. tall very rough-pubescent: leaf- blades angulate, 3—5-lobed or 3-5-parted, 4-12 em. in diam np the lobes rhombie to spatulate, coarsely toothed: braetlets me about 15 mm. long, bristly: calyx-lobes lanceolate, bristly E petals yellow = cream-colored, m the purple ye . long: capsule conie- my about 1.5 e m. long or rarely longer, st Tue ed and Panid —Pinelands, Coastal Plain, N Fla. a La. and S. C.—Sum 4, H. cannabinus L. Plant 3-22 dm mw, sparingly pubescent: leaf-blades palmately 3-7- Doi the PERSA linear ie ic unevenly toothed: bract- lets narrowly flat, bristle-m sa r spiny: calyx-lobes pu re MEME pus thin, Pea iud or spiny: petals white or pink, sometimes darker-colored, and purple at the base: capsule conic, 1. 5-2 cm. long, strigose.—(AMBAREE. BASTARD-JUTE. BROWN INDIAN-HEMP.)—Ham- mocks and d E pen. Fla. and the Keys. Nat. of the O. W. tropics.— (W. I.)—-All yea militaris Cav. Plant 9-20 dm. tall, pita or acne so: leaf- ps ov vate to broadly Vid in outline, 6—16 ong, serrate-dentate and hastately 38—5-lobed: braetlets 1.5-2 em. long: Hed -lobes ovate: neni pink m. N river-banks, various provinces, Fla. to La., Minn., and Pa.—Sum.-fall H. Moscheutos L. Plant 8-20 dm. tall, velvety-tomentose: leaf-blades lanceolate to 2 DU xd serrate and often Decii uod petals mainly pink, 10—12 ong: eapsule ovoid, 2.5-3 em. long.— SE-MALLOW. Secon ae MARSH-MALLOW.)— rackish and fed marshes, Coastal Plain, and ears adj. Des Fla. to Tex. and Conn., alg Central Lowland, Mo. to S Ont.—Sum.—fall. H. oculiroseus Britton. Plant similar to H. Moscheutos in habit: leaf- Te lanceolate to ovate, unequally toothed: T white, except the purple spot at the ee capsule conic-ovoid, 2.5-3 cm. long.—Marshes, various prov- inees, N Ala. to N. J. and N. Y.—Sum.-fall 8. H. incanus Wendl. Plant 9-20 dm. tall, pale or gray velvety- eg leaf-blades od ks fe eite aed serrate: petals white, sulphur-yellow, inkish, with a crimson base, 8-10 cm. long: capsule ellipsoid-ovoid, 5-3 e D finely TR eee Coastal Plain, "Fla. to Ala. and Md.; peda r.—Spr.— he fan ter ÁLAVA "3 H. grandiflorus Michx. Plant 8-21 dm. tall, velvety-tomentose: leaf- ie hastately 3-lobed, the Ws irregularly toothed: braetlets linear, 1.5-2 em. long, not bristly: calyx a about twice as long as. the EE ,petals 12-15 em. long, pink, purple, or red at the nm eapsule ovoid, . long, coarsely hirsute.—Marshes and wet um ds oastal n E to Miss. and Ga.—Spr. 0 H. a Cav. Plant 9-20 dm. tall, densely a re id leaf-blades ovate, 5—14 em. long, serrate-dentate: bra etlets linea long, bristly: s ues triangular bu Y n longer than tho bractlets: petals white or pink wi a dark base, 6-10 e ong: Lire RE 2.0 € long.—Swamps, various iub AN s i Tex., Mo, and Ill.—Spr.- 11. H. mutabilis L. Shrub, sometimes tree-like, scurfy-pubescent with brownish mud leaf-blades suborbieular in outline, cordate at the base, angu- MALVACEAE 857 lately nd lobed, a broad lobes unevenly toothed: ees narrowly linear, 2-— m. long: cian ovate: petals white or pink, becoming deep-red: SeA 2.5 cm. —( COTTON-ROSE. )—Waste-places and inelands S Fla. and S La. Nat. of China — (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) —Spr.-s 12. H. coccineus Walt. Plant 9-30 dm. tall, glabrous: Qo blades with linear or lanceolate lobes 4—25 cm. long: braetlets 2.5-3 em. long: calyx 4-5 em. long; lobes acuminate: petals crimson or deep-red: UE Md 2—2.5 em. long, ERS —Swamps, near the coast, Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—Sum. 13. H. semilobatus Chapm. Plant similar to that of H. coccineus in habit: leaf-blades orbieular or die iid toothed and 3-5-lobed, 8—15 cm. in diameter: Bud 2-9.5 em. lon a calyx 4—5 em. long; lobes acute: petals -erimson: capsule about 25 em. long. 2 near the coast, E Fla.— Spr.—fall. 14. H. Sabdariffa L. Plant 6—26 dm. tall, the foliage red throughout: leaf- om uo a T the lobes erenate-serrate, the teeth shallow: bractlets linear-lanceolate, very thick, sparingly pubescent, juicy: calyx- dc pss like the bractlets dark- red, very thick, copio usly fine- slag within: petals pi with dark bas m S nb ovoid, 1.5-2 cem. long, pu nt.—(JAMAICA-SORREL. per E.)— ands, hammocks, and waste- n Everglade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys. Eom of the O. W. tro and cu W. I. Mex., C. A., S. A.) —A11 year.—The succulent tissues con- in iow p mueilage, coloring matter, and an ac cid, all of which combines to make an excellent jelly. The miden ealyees are cooked and served as ‘í eranberries.? 15. us L. Shrub or small tree, minutely pubescent when young: leaf-blades 3 lobed, coarsely crenate, 3-12 cm. long: bractlets linear or linear- spatulate, 10-20 mm. long: calyx-lobes triangular-ovate: petals rose-purple, or white, usually with crimson blotches at the base: capsule ellipsoid- -ovoid, 2-2.5 em. long.—(SHRUBBY-ALTHAEA. ROSE-OF- freed —Roadsides, fields, and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Conn. Nat. of western Asia and cult.—Sum.-fall. 16. H. Rosa-Sinensis L. Shrub or small tree, amaliy sparingly pubescent: leaf-blades: ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rounded or abruptly narrowed at the base, coarsely and unequally A bractlets narrowly i calyx-lobes lanceolate, more ee within than without: petals rose-red or of other colors: capsu 2.5 long — (Son. -BLACK PLANT. CHINESE-ROSE.)— Fields, waste- laces T "ioadeides. pen. Fla. at. of China and eult.— (W. I. )—All year.—Extensively grown as an ornamental in warm and tropical countries. It is Soros ied by many color forms. The flowers yield a blaek dye. 14. ABELMOSCHUS Medie. de usually large and coarse, mostly annual. Leaf-blades entire or l Flowers solitary and terminal In- volucel of 4—many narrow a p united into a long spathe- -like calyx which splits and falls away from the fruits. Petals 5, broad, Carpels elongate, forming a long and narrow pointed capsule. Seed glabrous.—About 12 species, tropical. Leaf-blades with short broad lobes: bractlets of the involucel linear, caducous 1. A. es aie ie. 858 MALVACEAE Leaf-blades with long narrow lobes: bractlets of the involucel elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, persistent: 2. A. Manihot. l. A. esculentus (L.) Moench. Plant 9-20 dm hirsute: leaf-blades 1-3:dm. broad, with 5-7 ovate, lanceolate, or spe ne. coarsely toothed or incised segments: corolla greenish- c capsule columna —21 — pu G )—Waste-plaees, gardens, and cult grounds, Coastal Plain, t t of Africa and cult.—(W. I.)—Spr. —fal The unripe capsules are a very neem esculent. 2. A. Manihot (L.) Medic d usually 20—25 dm. tall, ultimately glabro leaf- blades 1-4 dm. in diameter, wit -9 : — ult. ern and river-banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. of Asia and cult—Sum.— fall. 15 TRIONUM Medic. Annual pubescent herbs. Leaf-blades palm- ately 3—5-lobed. Flowers solitary at ea ends of the branches. Involucels of several-many narrow bractlets: sep united into a ribbed and shallowly 1 be d ealyx, which is persistent and inflated at maturity. Petals 5, broad. Carpels forming a short capsule which is included in the per- sistent calyx. Seed glabrous.—One species. 1. T. Trionum (L.) Wooton & Standley. Plant 1—4 dm. tall, hispid: leaf-blades ovate , pat vwd ‘bractlets about 1 em. lon ed calyx- lobes t pons ular: petals yellow 2 Mare with a purple or brown- -purple blo eu about 1.5 em. long. [Hibiscus pos d |—(FLOWER-OF-AN-HOUR. BLAD DER- iiw UL a fields, and waste-places, eic provinees, Fla. to N. M., S. D. and N. S. Nat of Eu. and eult.—Sum 16. PARITI Adans. Shrubs or trees, d Hibiscus in habit, but with the braetlets of the involucel united into a lobed cup.—About 4 species tropieal.—Spr. or all year. Petals straight or spreading at the tip, pure-yellow, becoming der pink: cap- sule velvety: seeds papillose. . P. tiliaceum, Petals strongly recurved, bronze or orange and blood-red toward the ud QBSVOSMBE very dark-red: capsule hirsutulous: seed hirsutul 2. P. grande. 1. P. tiliaceum (L.) S t. Hil. Shrub or large tree, the young parts velvety- tomentose: leaf-blades thick, suborbicular to orbicular-ovate, mostly 1-2 dm. MALVACEAE | 859 long, blunt entire, grayish-tomentose be- neath: calyx-lobes lanceolate to triangular- | lanceolate: corolla campanulate or tubular- camp ate; petals dly te orbicular-obovate, pure-yellow, becoming red- sh-p psule velvety, beaked, 1-2 ¢ long, nearly or quite as long as the sepals.— (MAHOE)—Shore Ee A and sand-dunes x of soutbern pen. Fla. and the Florida —(W. I., Mez., C. va S. A. 2. P. grande Britton. Tree with wide- spreading branches; the young parts thinly pubescent: leaf- blades thin or thinnish, sub- di mostly 1.5-3 dm. long, sharp- pointed, more or less crenate, thinly pubes- cen ui pen or glabrous: calyx- iN lanceolate: corolla rotate- -campanulate: p spatulate to nar S ie obovate, bronze or orange along the edges and ood-red toward the center, s ing very dark-red: capsule hirsutulous, PRI. ee than in "P. ti liaceum, much shorter than the sepals.— (MA HOE — shores, S pen. Fla.— (W KOSTELETZKYA Presl. Herbs or partly woody plants. Leaf- pie msi -lobed, hastate, or sagittate. Involucel of 7-10 bractlets, or obsolete. Sepals 5, partly united. Petals 5. Carpels forming a depressed capsule.—About 8 a of temperate and tropical America.—Spr.—fall or all year S.—FEN-ROSES. Corolla pink; petals 3-4 cm. long: calyx over 1 cm. wide, surpassing the capsule. Stem T leaves copiously pubescent. rely st S a upper part of the stem p E scabro-pubes 1. K virginica. ut densely E as well as canescent: upper of stem densely pubescent, usually velvety. K. althaeifolia. Stem And leaves Slabrous or sparingly pubescent. A K. smilacifolia. Corolla ` white; petals about 1 cm. long: calyx less than 1 cm. wide, surpassed by the capsu uo 4. K. pentasperma. K. virginica "t A. Gray. Foliage pubescent with stellate hairs but not velvety, often scabrous: leaf-blades A 15 em. np ovate to ovate- abe TT T- - LOW.)— —Marshes and w et hammocks, pci | Plain and rarely adj. PERDE Fla. to La. and N. Y. 2. K.althaeifolia (Chapm.) A. Gray. Foli- age mainly velvety-pubescent; leaf-blades ne dentate, the lower a ee abs 3-lobed, Cor , the u per eh th late, acuminate: petals pink, ps ut 4 em. long: capsule 12-15 mm. Brod: seed about mm. lon —(W. I.) bi wam E hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. 3. 'smilacifolia Gray. Foliage nearly glabrous: leaf-blades 5-10 e bur those ae T base of the stem hastate, with a linear-lanceolate or linear 860 MALVACEAE entire or dentieulate middle lobe and linear or nearly linear reflexed entire or toothed basal lobes; ealyx-lobes ops or ovate-lanceolate, E or slightly acuminate, about as long as the braetlets: petals 2.5-3.5 cm. long, Me ud -pink: eapsule hispid, fully 1 En po rue by the id. seed arly 3.5 mm. long.—Low pinelands, W pen 4, K. da gui (Bert.) Griseb. eh pubeseent with stinging-hairs: stem to 2 m. tall, widely branched: leaf-blades e to D ipd late i ovate, with the lar arger ones sometimes slightly lobed, 2.5- ong, serrate, slender-petioled: o bristly pubescent; lobes Rod acute, ar the bractlets: petals about 1 em. long, white: capsule nearly 1 em. broad, sur- passing the nile ui on 2.5 mm. long.—Hammocks, Cape Sable region, Fla.—(W. I.)—All yea 18. THESPESIA Soland. Shrubs or trees, resembling species of ibiscus. Leaf-blades entire or sid -lobed. Involueel of 3-5 narrow deciduous braetlets. iy epals 5, partia wholly united. Petals 5, showy. ds united into a mostly oH cst capsule.— About 8 RM tropieal. 1. T. pop & (L.) Soland. Low tree or shrub: vin blades ps 5-12 em. long: calyx cup-like: petals em. long, ecd and P del ple: eapsule dur n "is em broa d.—(SEASIDE-MAHOE. PORTIA-TREE.)— Shore hammocks and sand dunes, "Evergla ade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys. Nat. prob. | of the O. W. tropics, and eult.—(W. I.)— All year.—A. sacred tree in some countries. This tree grows irap on shores a bays and inlets. By its elongate, spreading lower branches it mt almost im- penetrable thiekets. Large crops of fruits continuously inerease its dense growth. 19. CIENFUEGOSIA Cav. Shrubs or woody herbs, resembling species of Hibiscus. Leaf-blades entire or ed Involucels of 3—many braetlets. Sepals 5, united below. Petals 5. Capsu 3—95-valved.—About 20 P half of ns Ameriean. C. heterophylla (Vent.) Garcke. Leaf- blades 1.5-5 cm. long, those of the upper leaves narrow: peduncles cava bractlets minute: a yellow, capsule rarely equal- ing the calyx—Hammocks and open places, Florida "Keys.— (W. I. S. A4.))—A year. —This species die from Florida to north- ern South Am Forms from South America often a pee quite distinct from those from the more northern West Indies. Another species, C. Dr none occurs in the Coastal Plain of Texas. Like other , Texan relatives, Gayoides and Malvaviscus it may occur on Key West. 20. GOSSYPIUM L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades palmately lobed or rarely entire. Involucel of 3 large bracts. Sepals 5, united into a cup-like calyx. Petals 5, usually dark-colored at the base. Capsule 5-valved.— BUETTNERIACEAE 861 About 40 species, tropical—Corrons.—The bark of the root of some oe is medicinal; the hairs of the seeds constitute cotton; the seeds yield o Seed 4-5 mm. broad, glabrous, that is, completely separable from the wool: lobes of the Ianue mostly longer than the body. 1. G. barbadense. Seed 6-7 mm. broad, woolly: lobes of the leaf-blades mostly sho ELE than th Do a ool tawny: plant woody foliage closely pubescent with very short hairs. 2. G. hirsutum, Wool white: plant herbaceous: foliage if pubescent, hirsute. 3. G. herbaceum. 1 arbadense L. Shrub with glabrous twigs, often 2 m. tall or more: leaf- blades with. 3-5 lan ceolate, or ovate-lanceolate lobes: corolla pale-yellow: capsu piss. x ds ute, 3.5—5 em. lon e COTT — Thie ckets, xd fields, and M RE Coastal Plain, Fla. at. of trop. Am. and cult. — $e eds black, smooth when the long fibers are removed. G. hir L. Shrub or small tree ms eM hirsute twigs: leaf-blades 4-11 cm s pube WILD-COTTON.)— Hammocks, sand-dunes, and kitchen-middons S, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A. )—An year. 3. G. herbaceum L. Pla t glabrous, or with long scattered hairs: leaf- blades with 3-5 triangular or ovate lobes: corolla creamy white » becoming pink; petals 5- ie em. long: tke subglobose: seed with white cotton (COMM C E N.)—Fields, thickets, and waste S vaious pou "Fla. to Tex, Ark., and S Va Nat. "of Asia, and cult.— W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)— —Sum Famity 3. BUETTNERIACEAE — CnuocornaTE FAMILY rubs or trees, or herbs, often resembling Malvaceae. Leaves alter- nate: Diodes simple. Flowers mostly perfect. Calyx of 5, or rarely fewer, sepals. Corolla of 5, or rarely be petals, or wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals, or more. Staminodia a resent. Gynoecium of 5, more or less united carpels, or fewer. Frui capsular or follicular—About 45 genera a over 600 ae. mostly tropical. Corolla present. Petals with flat blades Gyn m of 5 united carpels: styles 5, no Rene stigmas capitate. Sh volueet wanting: capsule angular midal, loculicidal. 1. MOLUCHIA. Involucel of 3 or more bractlets: capsule globose, loculicidal and septicidal. ie distinct: flowers. a fruits mostly in inter- upted spike-like panicl 2. MELOCHIA, Styles partly united : Hos cin and fruits mostly in a terminal cluster. 3. RIEDLEA. Smem a single carpel: style 1, eccentric ; stigma brush-li 4. WALTHERIA. Petals with hooded blades. 5. AYENIA. Corolla wanting. 6. FIRMIANA. 862 BUETTNERIACEAE 1. MOLUCHIA Medic. Herbs, shrubs, or small trees. Leaf-blades toothed. i wanting. Sepals 5, united at the base. Petals 5, marces- cent. Filaments united at the base. Styles 5, distinct. Capsules 5-valved, angled.— About 6 species, tropical. . M. tomentosa (L.) Britto Mue branched shrub u 2 m. tall, ‘the foliage ] ony veined beneat -lobes aeumi- qu bien dd rose- T. about 1 mm , beaked, with long: 5 MEAT "lads, "seed "15 mm. long. [Melochia tomentosa L.]—(BRrooM-woop. \— Pinelands, S pen. Fla. and S Tex.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)— —Spr.—fall. 2. MELOCHIA [Dill] L. Herbs or shrubby plants Leaf-blades toothed and sometimes also slightly- -lobed. Involucel present. Sepals 5, partly united. d tyles licidally 5-va ved. —About 25 species, trop- ical and di 1. M. corchorifolia L. Stem u up to 1.5 mm. glabrous or sparingly pubescent, al ely : lea o i meter. : (Chapm. Fl) not Cav.]— Old, fields, cult. grounds and waste- o o paa nces, . C.—Spr.- o Tex., and S 3. DLEA Vent. Herbs or low woody shrubs. Leaf-blades toothed. Involucel of 3 pile Flowers in terminal and axillary clusters. Sepals 9, partly united. Petals 5, marcescent. Fila- ments partly piel. pus 5, partly united. Capsule 5-valved.—About 20 species, mostly tropical American. 1. R. hirsuta (Cav.) DC. Stem diffusely pe the n decumbent or ascend- ing, to 1.5 m ong, hirsute and often with s me Rr) hairs: leaf-blades ovate to ee serrate, short-petioled: . calyx- lobes ovate to deltoid, 9-13 mm. Jong: lege able: capsule subglo obose, about 3 . in diameter. [Melochia hirsuta Cav.]— Pinelands, E Les Fla.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., 4.)— BUETTNERIACEAE 863 4. WALTHERIA L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades toothed. In- volueel of 3-bractlets. Sepals 5, united to the middle or above it. Petals 9, T spreading, marrow, slender-clawed, ellow amens 5: anthers with 2 saes: iek.—About 35 species, tropical American. 1. W. americana L. Stem erect or rarely diffuse and prostrate, 6-16 dm. long, often : r lar-ovate, 1-8 em. long, dad or dentate- serrate, stout- Cip flow in dense uM usters: ca m long at matu ae lobes us to Tuch or subulate-lanceolate, apres nearly as long as the tube or shorter: petals 3-4 mm. long: capsule about 2 mm. long, eee rounded or truncate at the top and long-hairy. —Hammocks, po and sand- dunes, S pen. Fla. and the Keys. Adv. up Hee y dn —(QF. I., Mex., C. A., 8. A.)— All year —Reputed to have medicinal properties. 5. AYENIA L. Herbs often partially woody. Leaf-blades toothed. In- involute, Stamens 5; anthers with three parallel sacs. Staminodia present. Ovary 5- celled. Capsule murieate, depressed.—About 10 species, tropical American. ues 6-6.5 mm. long; blades about 1. 5 mm. wide; appendages stout, over ong. SUD I E DE. Petals 4-4.5 mm. long: pan n 1 mm. wide; appendages slender, less than 0.5 mm 2. A. pusilla. 1. A. euphrasiaefolia Gris eb. Tap- ~ dide Sos prostrate: leaf-blades predominately suborbieular to renifor t m. long, sharply few-toothed: alyx abopt 3 capsule 4-5 tuberculate.—Pinelan nds, aid ade E d d lowe I.)— 2. A. pusilla L. Tap-root slender: stem —BSpr = 6. FIRMIANA Marsigli. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire or lobed. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Sepals 5, or rarely 4, often petaloid. 864 CANELLACEAE Petals wanting. e bro Carpels nearly distine Stigmas dem Capsule opening before eae the carpels stellately spreading—About 10 species - Asiatic. 1. F. platanifolia en es e be- coming 12 m. tall, EE esf Dg: dm . broad, eae ee 3-5 bd panicle HI VARNISH-TREE. BOTTLE-TREE.) — Roadsides woods, thickets, and fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C. Nat. of eastern Asia and cult. -S r ike the Fines tree (Tri- adica) this Asiatie tree is extensively alae in the see ies of South Carolina and less abundantly within the range given abov open places the trunk may be widely branched, in the dense growth of. ni. colonies the trunks are usually pole-like. ORDER HYPERICALES — HYPERICAL ORDER Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves various. Flowers mostly perfect, complete and regular (irregular in Violaceae), sometimes involucrate. Calyx of distinct or essentially distinct sepals. Corolla of distinct petals (partially united in Fouquieriaceae), rarely wanting. Androecium of several united carpels. Ovary superior, mostly with parietal placentae. Fruit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous. Stamens united into a tube which surrounds or encloses m EINE Placentae pue CANELLACEAE. PIS nun Fam. 2. CLUSIACEAE. Stamens dn tyles wanting: stigmas intro centae axial: herbs or "Rn BUS plants. Fam. 3. ELATINACEAE. entae basal: shrubs or tre Fam. 4. TAMARICACEAE. Styles es distinc disti r i s terminal. BOE SUERA not brush-like ; endosperm little or Herbs or sel plants, with opposite or . whorled 1 am. 5. HYPERICACEAE. ubs or Mice. we with alternate leaves. Fam. 6. THEACEAE. brush-like: endosperm copious. Fam. 7. TURNERACEAE. Styles wholly and permanently united. Corolla regular. 8. CISTACEAE. Corolla irregular, the petals markedly. unequal and one of them spurred; stamens 5. Fam. 9. VIOLACEAE. Famiry 1. CANELLACEAE—Witp CINNAMON FAMILY Trees. Leaves alternate: blades entire, pellucid-punctate. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 3 thick imbricate sepals. Corolla of 4—12 narrow petals, .or wanting. Andr oecium of numerous stamens, the filaments united into a tube around the pistil. Gynoecium of 2-5 united earpels. Fruit a Dato —Five genera and 7 species, in tropical mue and Africa CLUSIACEAE 865 1. CANELLA P. Br. Trees with gray bark. Leaf-blades leathery. Flowers in cymes. Petals 5. Stamens mostly 15-20, the tube projecting beyond the anthers. Ovary l-celled. Berry subglobose.—One species. 1. E Winteriana (L.) Gaertn. Trees 5-15 m. f-bl oblanceolate, du or modos e. 3—10 . long: sepals em 2.5— road y^ 5, elliptic, 4.5-5 mm. long, purple: berry about 10 in diameter, crimson or nearly blaek.—( WiLDp- CINNAMON. CINNAMON-BARK.)—Hammocks, Cape Sable region, pen. Fla. and Florida - Keys.—(W. I .) —Sum.-fall.— The leaves and aa heartwood i is ques -grained, very hard, and very h . The a ontrast of the cymes of purple fon ers and the deep-green fol is striking. The feq of almost black P iss also render the tree conspicuous. Famy 2. CLUSIACEAE — BarnsAM-TREE FAMILY Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades entire. Flowers mostly dioecious or polygamous. Calyx of 2—6 imbrieate sepals. Corolla of 4—9 a en united. Gynoecium of 2 or more united earpels. Fruit baccate, drupa- ceous, or capsular.—About 25 genera and over 250 species, mostly tropical. 1. CLUSIA L. Shrubs or trees, often epiphytic, at least when young. | Petals Leaf-blades leathery. Flowers solitary or few together. tals 4-9. Ovary 8-10-celled. Capsule leathery or fleshy.—About 80 e tropieal Ameriean. LSAM-APPLES. F'AT-PORKS. MONKEY-APPLES.—Incomplete specimens io —BAL both the following species were collected on Big a Key and Key many years ago. Flowers yellow: fruits slightly elongate or globular: stigmas 12-14. 1. C. flava Flowers white or pink: fruits depressed: stigmas 6-8. 2. C. rosea. l. C. flava Jacq. m sometimes 20 m. tall: leaf-blades cuneate- -obovate, i bin long, ribbed: sevals E Detala yellow, obovate, 2.5-3 m m. long: capsule slightly Ae globular— Hammocks Aid mo Fla.; pon collected in sk years —(W. I.) similar to C. flava in a NU S Ld e .)—Among he several shrubs trees e ed on the lower Florida vb in rli then “lost,” the two balsam-apples appear t the only ones not yet rediscovered. They may yet be found in the hammocks not on in recent years. Their discovery was to the activities of : resident BL Dr. ener of Key Wes 55 866 HYPERICACEAE Famity 3. BELATINACEBAE —WarreR-woRgT FAMILY Herbs or partly woody plants. Leaves opposite. Flowers perfect. Calyx. of 2.5 imbricate sepals. Corolla = 2-5 petals. Androecium of 2-5, or sometimes 10, stamens. Gynoecium of 2—5 earpels. Fruit a cap- sule.— Two genera and 30 species, widely dist ributed. 1. ELATINE L. Wholly succulent plants. Leaf-blades commonly entire. Sepals ribless. Ovary -eelled: styles 2—4. Capsule membranous, 2—4-celled.—A bout 10 species, natives of warm regions. | 1. E. americana (Pursh) Arn. Stem 1-5 em. long: leaf-blades cuneate- shove to elliptic, 1-5 mm. long: E E e sepals 2, obtuse: petals 2: stam ; cap- sule eed about 1 mm. in dia RA -PURSLANE.) Pond and ee streams, various provinces, Tenn. to Tex., Minn, Ont, and N. C—Sum.—tThe petals may Sometimes be pink-tinge ed. The. plants, creeping on mud, dr diminu- tive eed: aad pimpernel Famitry 4. TAMARICACEAE — TAmARISKkK FAMILY hrubs or trees, or partially dde. plan Leaves oo iran. often seale-like. Flowers mainly o sometimes in pro- fuse panicles. Calyx s : or 4 or 6,s Eds Corolla of 5, or 4 or 6, Be etals. Androecium of 5 or many stamens. Gynoecium of united carpels. Ovary M d Fruit ; a capsule—Four genera and 90 species, of Africa and Eur 1. TAMARIX L. Irregularly branching evergreen shrubs. or trees. Leaves scale-like, clasping or sheathing. Flowers borne in plume-like panicles. Capsule many-seeded. . gallica L. Small tree or shrub, with we ak branches, the branchlets clothed with the imbricate leaves: panicles with numerous spikes: sepals about 0.5 mm. long: petals white or ire capsule about 1 mm. long —(TAMARISK.) — Roadsides, lag ag and ewer various prov , Fla. to Tex., Ark., S. C.— Pa" oe sa. SROrren o to eet) a eo Betty at. o u.— i: —'Spr-sum — This species is widely cul- tivated and is naturalized in the Coastal Plain 2 ne oa nd appears in several forms, varying with green or glau- cous foliage, pue Or Buen branchlets and long or short racemes. Famity 5. HYPERICACEAE — Sr. JOHN’S-WORT FAMILY Shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite: blades mostly punctate, entire or early so, sometimes seale-like. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 4 or ə, S fice: cal sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 yellow, pink, or Duc uen HYPERICACEAE 867 petals. Androecium of few or many stamens, dd in grouped, the groups sometimes alternating with the glands. Gynoec of 3~7 united earpels. Fruit a capsule —Ten genera and more than 300 species, mostly in temperate and tropieal regions Sepals 4, in more or less unequal pairs: petals mostly 4. Pairs of sepals very unequal in size or shape or both, the ar pair enclosing the capsule. . ASCYRUM. ue of sepals nearly equal in size and shape, much sur- sed by the capsule. 2. CROOKEA. Sepald dud petals mostly 5. etals yellow. Plants without basal branches, or with elongate ones with opposite leaves: pens deciduous: capsule Sor dehiscent to the bas Leaves with flat, more or on spreading blades. 3. HYPERICUM. Leaves reduced to erect or uos URS or slightly elongate scales, without bla 4. SAROTHRA. Plants with" clusters of short oe with o decussate, bladeless leaves the base, and remotely scaly flowering Um which y A "n slender-branched cymes: petals marcescent: capsule dehiscent to the base 5. SANIDOPHYLLUM. Petals pink, sometimes tinged with green or purple. 6. TRIADENUM. 1. ASCYRUM L. Shrubs. Sepals 4, very unequal. Corolla yellow, Stamens not in groups. Styles hig cin short. Capsule included in the calyx.—Seven species, American.—ST. PETER'S-wORTS. ST. ANDREW’S-CROSSES. Styles 2: inner sepals very small, petal-like or obsolet Peduncles reflexed at maturi ity : calyx without bacc conspicuously surpassing the leaves. 1. A. pumilum. Peduncles not recurved: calyx e a pair of ` bractlets, not conspicuously surpassing the leaves. Outer sepals ovate at maturity: capsule included. 2. A. hypericoides. rs sepals elliptie at maturity: capsule exserted at ip. . A. linifolium. SMS 3-1. : "ia er sepals EY smaller pons the outer. ter sepals obtuse or rounded at the a Le af-bla ^d predominately cuneate A "obovate cuneate, : outer sepals suborbicular 4, A. cuneifolium. Lent blades S duin. of an elliptic or oval type, somewhat clasping: outer sepals broadly ovate-or- bicular Outer Sepals acute or acuminate at the apex. Leaf-blades predominately of an ova type: outer sepals quite different from the lea ert ides DOO of an “elliptic or linear- e type: outer sepals resembling the leaves. 7. A. tetrapetalum., D. A. stans. . A. Edisonianum. ilum Miehx. Shr ub, depressed, the short stems often matted: ar blades oval, ee pn linear- Row in ks 9 mm. long: outer sepals ovate to suborbicular, 6—10 lon obsolete or nearly S0: petals yellow, obovate: capsule about 5 long.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, "Fla. aa Ga. to Miss. d sum A. hypericoides L. Shrub, e pun blades dd often narrowly so, 5—15 m long: outer sepals cuneate- obovate to elliptic or apti. Jacobs te, 7-9 long, inner E ne petals Ean RNC 7—8 long.—(ST. ANDREW'S-CROSS. Dry ert thickets, and inno ie various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and Mas OF. I. )—Spr. ^ fan or all year. 868 | HYPERICACEAE . A. linifolium Spach. Shrub, mostly erect: ae E E DU er S to oblanceolate, px ped or obovate -elliptie, 1-3. oc ong: ou epals ovate to elliptic-ova te, 6-9 mm. lon inner petaloid: eer p oe cap- sule 5-8 mm. long. —Pindands, dur Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark., S. C.— (W. I.)—Spr. Bx, or all yea 4. A. heure! 2: apm. Shrub 1- 2 dm. tall: leaf-blades cuneate or obovate, 5-20 m ong: inner sepals elliptic or nearly so: petals yellow: cap- sule broadly aad. id pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.—Sum.-fall. 5. A. ns Miehx. Shrub 3-9 dm. tall, the stem p above the base or aa branched: leaf- ban e P elliptie, varying to obovate obtuse: de alee and. wid sepals lanceolate, sho v acuminate: capsule ovoid, m. long.—Acid swamps and a sandy soil, Coastal Plain and adj. hn rarely pine Ridge, Fla, to Tex., Tenn., a and N. Y.—Sum.—fa A. Edisonianum Small. Shrub 3-6 dm. tall, the stem often much-branched: leat bla des dq ee - A -elliptic, acute: petals yellow: inner sepals linear-lanceolate, long-acu : capsule narrowly ovoid, 4-6 mm. long.— Pise lands S. pen. Fl Du are m. 7. A. tetrapetalum Aen de Shrub 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate t oval: outer sepals resembl d e leaf-blades, the inner elliptie to lanceolate: e Brent ellen DU, eh one-half as long as the s pee —Low pine- ands and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. and S Ga.— Spr.-fall or all year. 2. CROOKEA Small. Shrubs resembling species of Ascyrwm, ever- green. Sepals 4, nearly equal. Stamens numerous: filaments distinet. Styles relatively long. Capsule not ineluded. species. 1. C. microsepala (T. & G.) Small. Branch- ing shrub, with erect, pipe s r decumbent stems less than 1 m. tall: leaves numerous; bl ades cuneate to linear- a or narrowly ipti t p elliptic the larger s obtuse: capsules conic-elliptie, ong, much surpassing 0 and pitted. [Ascyrum UL ed T. &G Ha ypericum microsepalum (T. A. Gra —Low pinelands, edges of d. and fence-rows, Coastal Plain, N Fla. and S Ga.— | 8. HYPERICUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves more or less black-dotted. Sepals 5, Pod equal. Corolla cms us inequilateral or nearly equilateral. Stam mostly gro Style relatively xus Capsule not include cen ‘210 species, us pce —StT. JOHN WorTs.—Some species are used medicinally. Stamens few or several, 5-12, usually in 3 clusters: petals copper-yellow. I, CANADENSIA. Stamens numerous, 15—40, distinct or in clusters Styles 3, n easels 4: capsule 3- oven or 1- celled and with 3 more or less intruding ie ene ae. HYPERICACEAE Capsule i-celled or incompletely 3-celled. Capsule with parietal placentae, 1-celled. Tl s plac Capsule Commpictéls 3-cell ed. erbs, perennial, cn stoloniferous: stem simple or h sparingly brane Shrubs with tap roots: stem much-branched. Styles 5: capsule 5-celled. I. CANADENSIA Leaf-blades linear. Leaf-blades ovate, oval, or oblong. epals obtuse or Som hat acute: Sepals acuminate: leaf-blades acute. leaf-blades obtuse. II. VIRGATA Styles distinct: stigmas capitate. Foliage glabrous: sepals not cilia epals conspicuously imbricate, ‘at least the outer ae adest at the base: leaf-blades broadest about the middle. Sepals not conspicuously imbricated, at least the outer broadest about the middle: leaf-blades 2 oadest about the base Foli : sepals ciliate. Styles a eden at least below : stigmas ute. cd 1 road or more pee over 6 mm. 1 Corolla I ES 18 mm. broad; capsules less than Capsules rondes at the top, about as long as the sepa Capsdles broadest at the base Sepals obtuse: seeds striate n pitted. Sepals acute or acutish: transversely wrinkled. III. AMBIGUA Sepals very small or at least not foliaceous. . Leaves never in conspicuous axillary clusters ; blades relatively broad. Sepals obtuse or merely acutish. a3 long as the petals : E y b 2 a cap- Sepals over Ty a done as the petals: eapsules Sepals a Ace or acuminate. Leaves in conspicuous axillary ARAS blades nar- row. Leaves of the axillary clusters mostly uch smaller than the ene pair; blades neither ar nor flesh in terminal eeen corymbs: buds ‘broadly one mountain species. Cymes in elongated narrow panicles: buds conie : o land species Leaves linear-oblong, spatulate or oblanceo- E e. ves narrowly linear or narrowly linear- ula spa Leaves of s axillary clusters about as large as the or slightly shorter; blades ace a nea subulate, fleshy, about as the petals or fully 15 as ng: leaves mostly over 10 mm. long. Senne less than % as long as the petals: leaves mostly less than 10 mm. long. dis foliaceous. Leaf-blades eordate-claspin Leaf-blades more or less owed to the sessile or short petioled base Flowers sessile: ade ovoid-globose. Flowers pedicelled : buds conic. II. VIRGATA. mpletely 3-celled by the intrusion of the III. AMBIGUA. IV. MACULATA. ROLIFICA. VI. LOBOCARPA. PY . H. canadense. mutilum. 2, H. 3. gymnanthum. H. . denticulatum. 5. H. acutifolium. etosum. . dolabriforme, turgidum. opacum. cistifolium. 11. H. nudiflorum. . apocynifolium. H. adpressum. . H. glomeratum. 15. H. 16. H. ambiguum. galioides. H. fasciculatum. co x aspalathoides. myrtifolium. aureum. H. splendens. 870 . HYPERICACEAE IV. MACULATA Corolla less than 15 mm. broad. Lea m jud ee aes or merely sessile, with a rou . H. subpetiolatum. Lea f. blades eiie =a more or less clasping. 23. H. punctatum. Corolla over mm, bro Upper leaves and bra cts with ovate or ovate-lanceo- late blades: petals spotted all over. 24. H. pseudomaculatum. Upper leaves and bracts with oblong blades: petals spotted around the ed N Coto ES ane poa merely dotted : capsules usually han 6 m 25. H. perforatum. ed nd petals striped with black: capsules usually over 6 m igh. Corolla about 3 c ere styles filiform. 26. H. graveolens Corolla 1.5-2 cm. p ad: styles subulate. 27. H. Sfitehetlianum. V. PROLIFICA Stems diffusely spreading or decumbent. 28. H. Buckleyi. Stem To relatively tall. Flow S few in narrow panicles: corolla over 1.5 cm. 29. H. prolificum. Flowers numerous in rather corymb-like panicles: corolla less than 1.5 cm. broad. 0. H. densiflorum. VI. LOB Much-branched SE EUD, with numerous et) pos and a 5-lobed capsule. 31. H. lobocarpum. 1. H. canadense t 1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades 3-nerved: sepals lanceolate or linear- lanceolat e, 3-5 mm. long: petals 3-6 mm. long: capsule 4-8 —Mo mm. long, acute. oist, often acid, soil, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain , Ga. to Ala., Wis., Man., and Newf.—Sum. H. mutilum L. Plant 1-8 pis bung ed blades pasen d -ovate to ovate, oblong, 5-nerved: sepals elliptic to "alliptie: lanceolate: petals about 3.5 mm. long: cap- sule 2-3 m ARF use. JOHN ’S-woRT.)—Wet sand and miry places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. Man., and N. S.—Sum.-fall. 3. H. gymnanthum Engelm. & Gray. Plant 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, 5—7 ne iam Mie ee Pu tals 3—6 mm. long: cap- about 4 mm. long.—Moist iiim and wet sandy soil, various prosances; Fla. 6 Ter. Mo., Mich, and N. C.—Sum. 4. H. denticulatum Walt. Plant perennial, 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic Or deeded so, 1-3 em E aeute, (oval and relatively shorter, with the sepals oval to ovate, in H. den tum ovalifolium): sepals more or less foliaceous, Be elliptic. lanceolate or slightly broadened upwar d Kn mm. long: ies copper-yellow, aoe long: Vai ovoid, about long. [H. vir m.|— —(CorP ERY ‘Sr. JOHN "S WOR T.)— — Acid s "Eon and pine- s various provinces, Fla. to Ill. and N. J.—Sum 5. H. acutifolium Ell. Plant LR puel 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1-2.5 cm. long, acuminate: se ir als linear to linear pow a 5-5 mm. long: Disi e copper- -yellow, 5-6 m g: eapsule ovoid, abou . long —Low bae Coastal Plain and prc E adj. provinces, Fla. n pu Tenn., N. C.—Sum 6. H. setosum L. Plant annual or biennial, 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades ellip- tie, e or ovate-lanceolate, 3-15 mm. long: sepals oval, ovate, or ovate-lanceo- HYPERICACEAE 871 late, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: petals yellow, 5-6 mm long: capsule oval or ovoid- oval, 4-5 mm. cs d pilosum Walt. ]—Moist pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.— 7. H. dolabriforme Vent. Plant perennial, woo ody, 2-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear or nearly so, 2—5 em. long: sepals foliacenus, lanceolate to ovate-lanceo- late, 6-10 mm. po. petals yellow, 8— lon ng: eapsule conic-ovoid, 7—9 mm. long.—Dry | various ad N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Mo., Ky., and Ga.—Spr.- 8. H. turgidum Small Plant d es woody, 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades is pese to e lanceolate, o 2.0 cm. long: sepals ovate to a ie, 3—4 ong: petals yellow, 6-8 m jus capsule subglobose, about 3 pen turgid.—Wooded lanes Appalachian provinces, Ala.—Sum 9. H. opacum T. & G; Plant perennial, woody, 3-16 dm. Eon pns ph elliptie to ig area or sometimes linear-elliptic, 1-3 e sepa orbicular or sh te t elli iptie-ovate, 2.5-4 mm. long: stals e Me about 5 mm, long: ae ovoid, 5-6 mm. long.—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., and S. C.—Sum H. cistifolium Lam. Plant woody, 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear- 0. elliptic to linear-lanceolate, or du id narrowly elliptie, 1.5-8 em. long: sepals ovate to lanceolate, 3—4 mm. -lon : petals cuneate to obovate-cuneate, 90-8 mm. long, bright-yellow: V ind globose or globose-ovoid, 4—6 mm . long. [H. sphaerocarpun. Miehx.]—River-banks, and rocky- slopes, various provinces, Ala. to Miss., Kans., Ia.,.and E — Sum 11. H. nudiflorum Michx. Plant Ta .9—10 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptie to ee 1.5-6 em. long: sepals Eo p elliptic-oblanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long: petals bright-yellow, 7-8 mm. long: capsule conic- -ovoid.— F soil, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. UR Fla. to Ala. and N. C.— Sum 12. H. n Small. Plant 4-7 dm. tall: leaf- n elliptie or nearly so . long: a spatulate, elliptic or oval, 4-5 mm. long: petals elliptic, 2 F ra Ee yellow; vere ellipsoid-conic —Swamps, "Coastal Plain, la. to Tex., Ark., and Ga. —Sum H. adpressum a Plant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly ee to lanceolate, 2—6 em. long, P MR veined: sepals lanceolate to lanceolate, 4-6 mm long: o cuneate, 6-8 mm. long, bright-yellow: ud | diy the body 5- 6 mm ng.—(CREEPING ST. JOHN'S-WOR PE —Swamps and ond-margins, various S02 Ga. to La., Tenn., and Mass.—Sum. 14. H. glomeratum Small. Shrub 3-10 dm. tall: leaf- MAE hp) ellip- tie to puse ce or nearly linear, 2—4 cm. long, sessile: sepals rather foliace- ous, narrowly elliptie to linear-elliptie, 5-6 mm. long: pub "bright yellow. cuneate- espatulate, fully 1 cm. COE eapsules densely peur; apap ir -6 m 15. H. ambiguum Ell. Shrub 0.5-1. 5 m. tall evergreen: leaf-bl lades linear- elliptic to spatulate, 1-2.5 em. long: sepals linear or slightly broadened upward, o mm. | | uneate, al 5-7 mm. long, bright-yellow: capsule almost conic, 5-6 mm. hi . galioides pallidum C. S us swamps and stream-banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S.C.—Spr.-s 872 HYPERICACEAE 16. H. En Lam. Shrub 3-18 dm. high or taller, evergreen: leaf- blades narrowly linear or slightly broadened upward, 0.5—1.5 em. long: sepa linear or Bip. mm. long: petals euneately narrowed, obliquely or almost laterally pointed, 4—7 mm. long, ea ce DEN conie, 9 . long, acute.—Low pinelands and swamps, Coas a dixi adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss., Tenn., and N. C. (or Del?) pid 17. H. fasciculatum Lam. Shrub 9—45 dm. tall, evergreen: leaves numerous, a bunch usually clustered in the axils of the "lar arger ones; ra 2 1-2 , 9—4 mm linear-filiform, 1-2 em. long, or shorter in the clusters: sepals li long, ebd 1 mm. wide: petals De obliquely iD. ' 7-8 mm. long: capsule ovoid or conic-ovoid, 4— . long. —(SAND-WEED. )—Ponds and low pinelands, Coastal Plain, bn Ae ou and N. C.—Spr.—fa all. —A growth of this shrub in indica hard Rud bottom, TA -~ common name. It often reaches tree-like form in swamps near the gulf co 18. H. m Willd. Shrub 2-8 dm tall, evergreen: leaves ver y clus t : , f such a bright yellow that they seem to irritate the eye. Those of this von come in that class, particularly when the plants are in open sunny place 19. H. myrtifolium Lam. Shrub 3-10 dm. tall, evergreen: leaf- ee ovate to elliptic-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate or rarely nearly elliptic, 1-3 lon sepals foliaceous, ovate, 5-8 mm. long: pet tals obovate, 12-15 m a ene bright. hea capsule pyramidal-ovoid, incompletely 3-e elled or ay 4-celled, 5—6 i hi ugh —Low pinelands and ‘ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. C. E 20. H. aureum Bartr. Shrub 6-12 dm. tal: leaf- ns elliptie to ovate- elliptie, 2. 5—7 em. long, gla peii: beneath: flowers ve howy, usually solitary, sometimes 3 in terminal or axillary cymes: pub ~ a broadened upward: petals quite ee 15-23 mm. long, golden-yellow: oe conic, 1.3-2 em. high, acuminate at the apex. (GOLDEN Sr. JoHN’s-wortT.)—Bluffs and tia ees often in calcareous soil, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Tenn., S. C—Sum = H. splendens Small. Shrub 0.5-1.5 m. bos leaf- eui elliptie, 1.5-2.5 . long, glaucous, especially beneath: flow very showy, several or many in ‘terminal or axillary cymes: sepals cu elliptie, m , apieulate, the outer about 8 Lx i , the inner 5 mm. long: petals golden-yellow, cuneate, oblique, 1.5-2 cm. long: capsules often crowded, conie, 1. 5 em. high, acuminate at the apex as rocks, Stone Mt. on the Piedmont of Ga.—Sum. - n. eh a ue PA often gradually so, at the base, short-petioled : als bec 3—4 mm. long, the narrower ones linear, the ade e Tee bnc. all pee ae petals dull-yellow, 5-7 mm. long, sparingly bla streaked : capsule a or globose- -ovoid, 4-6 mm ene: —Woods and thickets, various provinces, Ga. to Miss. and Me. ’ Sum 23. m. Plant dark-green, not ean -scented, 2-9 : Fon E pru thick, dne utu to elliptie-obovate t iri ovate, 1-7 obtuse or retuse the apex, ha en narro med. or subeordate, and often pits aang at the base: sepals ing 3.5-4.5 ong, nar- ower ones elliptic, the Bode elliptie- Rh. or elliptie- erate: all acute, HYPERICACEAE 873 sometimes abr oe P petals m yellow, 5-7 mm. long, copiously blaek-streaked: capsu oid, 3-5 mm. long. [H. maculatum WaM.]— (SPOTTED ST. JoHN’S- UE oy soils or hillsides, various provinces, M to Tex., Kans., Ont., and Que 24. H. pseudomaculatum Bush. nen bright-green, not heavy-scented 4-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate or nearly elliptic, 1.5-4.5 em. long, acutish or obtuse, often re Su. sessile and elasping by the broad copper yellow, 11-15 m m. long, black-streaked: Baci ovoid, 4—5 mm. long.— Woods Li dry soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ill, and S. C.— Spr.-su 25. H. perforatum L. Plant 4-7 dm. pe ee are linear-elliptie, 0.5—2 em. eds dt e. us of the main stem usually subtending leafy branches: sepals linear-lanceolate, 3-4 mm. eae a. glandular-punctate: 0i lique —(SmT. JouwN's-wEED.)— Dry fields and waste- P aces, various provinces, nearly throughout U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.—Sum H. graveolens Buckl. Plant erect or decumbent, 2-9 dm. tall: leaf- blades ovate to elliptic, Par n or ER at the base: sepals lanceo- inear-lanceolate, 6— ong, acuminate: corolla copper-yellow, about 3 em. broad; petals decidedly oboe. eed below the middle, faintly streaked with brown on one side: capsule conic- m 10-12 mm. long.—Moist woods and open s opes, Blue Ridge, N. C. and T enn.—Sum —Most abundant at about 6,000 feet . Mitchellianum Rydb. Plant similar to H. graveolens: leaf-blades thickish, ee or ovate-elliptie, 2-6 d long, obtuse, mostly rounded at the base: sepals ovate to lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, acute: corolla copper-yellow, 15-2 em. Du. ; petals delicate, decidedly Eod with brown on one side: eapsule ovoid, 8-10 mm. long.— ( LUE RIDGE ST. JOHN’S-wortT.)—Moist mtn. slopes, p Fides, N. C. and Tenn. to Va. —Sum.—Most. abundant at 4,000— 9,000 fee 28. H. Buckleyi M. A. Curtis. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, decumbent or ascendin ng, m i matted: leaf-blades obovate, elliptic- ‘obovate, or elliptic, 0.5—2 . lon unded at the apex or retuse: sepals obovate or spatulate, 4-5 mm o TAIN ST. JOHN kd ps tes iffs and rocky mtn. summits, Blue Ridge and adj provinees, Ga. to N. H. prolifieum L. Shrub 3-12 dm. tall, the — narrowly 2-winged " -blades narrowly elliptie or rarely lanceola ate, 2-8 em. long, short- ro Pn few- dae short-peduneled, in cylindric panicles: sepals mostly ob- , 4-6 m m. long: c orolla deep-yellow, 2—2.5 em. broad: penis, conie or narrowly ovoid, 8—10 mm. long, acute.—( BROOM- m SHRUBBY ST. JOHN’S- wo ocky a nd s andy w oods and stream-banks, often in calcareous soil, oe ons provinces, RU Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss., Ark., Minn., and N. Y. 30. S = nsiflorum Pursh. Shrub m dm. ju leaf-blades linear, linear- obla late, or linear-elliptie, 1-5 em. long, aeute: sepals unequal, elliptie to elliptic. DE te, 2-2.5 mm. long: corolla bright yellow, 1-1.5 cm. broad; petals obliquely pointed: capsule oe 4—6 long, slightly 3- lobed, com- pletely 3-celled—(Bus T. JOH N’S-WORT. Acid ii and marshes, various provinces, Fla. e Tex., Mo., and N. J.—Sum 874 HYPERICACEAE 31. H. lobocarpum vi ua Shrub 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 2—7 cm. lon ng: bun numerous: sepals elliptie to éd e da 2.5-3.5 mm. long, r obtuse: corolla pd 1-1.5 em. broad: petals rather cuneate: psy $ celled, 9-lobed, 5-7 em. long, separat- ing into 5 carpels at D ee and low parade. “Coastal Plain, Tenn. and Blue Ridge, N. C.—Spr.- ; SAROTHAA L . Wiry scaly-leaved annual herbs. Sepals 5, equal or nearly so. Stamens grouped. Sa relatively long. Capsule exserted.—T wo species, of eastern North Ameri Flowers sessile or nearly so: sepals much shorter than the conic e . S. gentianoides. Flowers pedicelled: sepals and ovoid or oval-ovoid capsule about equal in length, or sepals slightly shorter. 2. S. Drummondii. 1. S. gentianoides L. Stem 1-5 dm. : leaves seale-like, appressed, much shorter than d ee often ee r those on the lower part of the stem sometim ur" elliptie: sepals n. Or ori os mm. long.—(PINEWEED. ORANGE-GRASS.) E and rocky soil in fields, pastures, and on roadsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ont. and Me.—-Sum.-fall —Sometimes used rnediinalls. 2. S. Drummondii Grev. & Hook. Stem 1- 6 dm. tall: leaves dia but longer po wl the internodes, narrowly linear or linear- subulate, erect d strongly s ep sepals linear-lanceola -4 long: corolla deep-yellow " 10-12 mm. bis d: stamens 10- 20: capsule ovoid or oval-ovoid.—Dry soil, pastures, and hillsides, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Va —Sum.—Rare E. 5. SANIDOPHYLLUM Small. Biennial or perennial herbs. Leaves minutely pustulate, rather d ipo blades very narrow, those of the flower- ing stem erect or appres epals un- ibb g equal, 2—4-ribbed. in yellow: petals with the midnerve. nearly lateral and an oblique blade on one side. Stamens grouped in 4’s. Styles filiform. Capsule invested by the persistent perianth at the base, the 3 valves distinct.—One species S. cumulicola Small. a Ea few or many together, wiry, 2-7 c with the leafy npn on the cade ie base: leaves linear-subulate, 1-6 m sepals broadly linear to ovate e, ll 4m long: petals yellow, 3— . long: capa 5-6 mm. long, sabes ced brown Scrub S pen. Fla.—A1l year.—The pla nts grow only in the white sand of the serub and resembles some species of = ow-flax (Cathartolinum) in habit as well as the color and size of the flower THEACEAE 875 . TRIADENUM Raf. Leafy perennial herbs, resembling species of Hypericum. Corolla pink, sometimes tinged with green or purple. epals 5 equal. Stamens mostly 9, grouped in 3's, the filaments of each group well united. Styles relatively long. Capsule exserted. Three species, of eastern North America—Sum.—MarsuH ST. JOHN'S-WORTS. Filaments united near the bas 1. T. virginicum. Filaments united to above Hom iddle. l Leaf-blades sessile, truncate or subcordate at the base. 2. T. longifolium. - Leaf-blades petioled, narrowed at the bas 3. T. petiolatum. 1. T. eT (L.) Raf. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic or ovate, 2—10 em. long, obtuse, elasping: sepals Ianceolate to elliptic, 5-6 mm. long, ped petals obovate to oblanceolate or nearly elliptic, 8-10 mm. lo ong, a Min ca y nerv long.—Acid bogs and sandy swamps, vari- ous “provinces, Fla. to La., Man., and Lab. 2. T. longifolium Small. Stem 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblanceolate to elliptic: se Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala 3. T. petiolatum (Walt.) Britton. io 3—10 dm. tall: le eap elliptic or . lon rowly elliptic, 2-15 e ng: sepals elliptic or p) so 2.5—3.5 mm. long, obtuse: Bes elliptic -obovate, 4.6.5 long: capsule ellipsoid, prismatic 8-10 m ong.—Swamps and borders Cof ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. Mo., lom N J. FaAwriLv 6. THEACEAE — CAMELLIA FAMILY Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate. Flowers perfect and showy. Calyx of 5, or ra i 4-7, imbricate sepals. Corolla of 5, or rarely of 4-7, petals. Andro m of numerous, or rarely few, stamens. Gynoecium of —5 partly or “wholly united carpels. Fruit mostly capsular, sometimes indehiscent.—Sixteen genera and about 160 species, natives of tropical and temperate regions Sepals slightly unequal: ovules 2, ascending: seeds lenticular, sometimes margined. S ord ovate, united at the base: filaments united at the eg styles united: capsule not beaked: seeds margin- les 1. STUARTIA. sepa als narrowly oblong, distinct: filaments distinct: styles distinct: capsule long-beaked : seeds margined. 2. MALACHODENDRON. Sepals very unequal: ovules 4-8, Benquiomos seeds strongly angled or winged. Leaf-blades membranous, deciduous: flowers nearly ses- sile: filaments distinct: capsule globose: seeds angled. 3. FRANKLINIA. E lE leathery, persistent: flowers long-pedicelled : ents united into a thick tube: capsule ovoid: eed winged. 4. GORDONIA. | 1. STUARTIA IL. Shrubs. Leaf-blades usually toothed. Sepals mostly 5, relatively broad. Petals mostly 5, white. Style columnar. Stigma radiate. 876 THEACEAE Capsule globular or — —Four species, American and Japan 1. S. Malachodendron L. Shrub 1-5 m. se leaf- pres flag d or sometimes vate or obov 5— 1 lon 1 ong: sepals bon l em. bu. : petals yes 3-5 em. long: capsule depressed-globular, 12—17 in diameter.— (SILKY CAMELLIA IAN- STUARTIA.)— Wooded banks and hillsides, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, W Fla. to La., Tenn., and Va.—Spr.—In Florida only in the Kno x Hill country, where it muris in company with Illicium PA oridanum and nolia Ashei.—The stamens are wr purple. . 2. MALAOHODENDRON Cav. Shrubs resembling Síuartia. Sepals mostly 6, relatively narrow. Petals mostly 5, white. Styles 5, subulate. Stigmas introrse. Capsule slightly elon- gate.—One species 1. M. pentagynum (L’Her.) Small. Shrub F - m. 2 leaf-blades ovate, ied or ellip- 6-1 rea sepals 1-1.5 em. long: pela obovate, 3.5 cm. Tei ca apsule void, 1.5-2 c E ong. [Stuartia d [ L'Her. NUS CAMELLIA. NTAIN- STUARTIA.)—Along streams and a prs Blue Ridge to Appalachian ei Lir a Piedmont, Ga. to Ala., Ky., and V. early sum.—Contrary to Stuartia which s seks the lower tesis this genus inha higher ones, apparently entering the DI E Va. Plain only in S 3. FRANKLINIA Marsh. Trees. Leaves deciduous. Flowers nearly ses- sile. Sepals 5. Petals 5, unequal, white. Stamens distinct, adnate to the bases of the petals. Style ridged. Capsule loculidical from the top and septi- cidal from the bottom.—One species. 1. F. Alatamaha Marsh. Shrub or tree with smooth black bark: leaf indes pos ee lanceolate to oblong-obovate, 6-15 cm. long, uy. serrate: sepals 12-14 mm. long: corolla 7—9 129 em. broad: capsule subglobose, 1.5-2 cm in diameter: seeds 12—14 mm. long. [Gor- donia Pici L’Her. |—(Lost CAMELLIA. eae E.)— "IE acid sandy soil in mem SN o Eo f Ft. Barrington, on the eae River, S W of Townsend, in the Coastal Plain of Ga.—Su m.—Associafed with Pinckneya pubens. Discovered by John and Q William Bartram in 1765. Not seen n its native pons since "1790, but ee in cultivation 4, GORDONIA Ellis. Trees. Leaves persistent. Flowers long-pedi d celled. Sepals and petals, 5, concave. Stamens borne on a 5-lobed disk. TURNERACEAE 877 Style terete. Capsule Pe —About 16 species, American and Asia . G. Lasianthus (L.) Ellis. Large trees with firm furrowed gray bark: leaf-blades narrowly elliptie or n -15 cm long, appressed-serrate: sepals 8-10 m Y. -BA RED- —Non- aluvial swamps and bays, acid soil, Coastal EH "Fla. to La. an C. (or S Va. — [he souther some times used for E "Th ne red heart- wood, close-grained But light and soft, is loeally used for eabinet-work. FAMILY 7. TURNERACEAE — TURNERA FAMILY erbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades entire, rats or pin- natifid, pinnately veined. Flowers mostly perfect. Calyx of 5 ‘imbricate sepals. Corolla of 5 convolute delicate petals. An oo of 5 distinct stamens. Gynoecium of 3 united car B Ovary l-eelled, with 3 parietal placentae opposite the styles. Fruit a 3-valved capsu e.— Six genera and about 180 species, tropical and subtropical. Ovary seated in a receptacle with a crown-like edge: plant herbaceous, 1. PIRIQUETA. Ovary seated in a receptacle without a crown: plant partially oody. 2. TURNERA. 1. PIRIQUETA Aubl. Herbs. Sepals slightly united. Sti igmas lobed. — About 20 species, mostly in tropical and subtropical America —Spr.-fall or all year southward. Foliage glabrous, at least to the inflorescence. Pedicel and calyx glabrous: bracts leaf-like. 1. P. viridis. Pedicel and calyx pubescent : bracts seale-like. 2. P. lit ia Foliage tomentose or hirsute throughout. Stem tomentose. . 3. P. tomentosa, Stem hirsute as well as tomentose. 4. P. caroliniana. 1. P. glabrescens Small. Plants Ee up to the inflorescence, 4—6 dm. tall: leaf- blades narrowly linear, 1-5 em. long, entire: corolla light-yellow: capsule about 5 mm. long — Everglades Du swamps, Fla 2. P. viridis Small. Plants glabrous, 1-5 dm. tall: leaf blades linear-spatulate to linear, 3-8 cm. long, repand: calyx-lobes lanceolate: corolla yellow: capsule 7—8 mm. in diameter.—Pinelands, Fla 3. P. tomentosa H.B.K. Plants stellate- tomentose, 2—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades oval, a TOW lli late, 1—4 ong, crenate-serrate: corolla bright- Lo. d 0—6 mm. in diameter. —Pinelands, S pen. Fla. and the The stems are sometimes hirsute near the base 878 CISTACEAE 4. P. car roliniana (Walt.) Urban. Plants fulvous-hirsute, 1-4 dm. tall: leaf- blades obovate, elliptic, cuneate, lanceo sages or rarely oval, 1-7 cm. long, repand or crenate-serrate: corolla de es du core sule 5-7 mm. long.—Pinelands and sand-dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C. 2. TURNERA L. Shrubs or partly woody plants. Flowers usually solitary and axi e Corolla yellow. Stigmas 3, brush-ike.—AÀbout 75 spe- cies, mostly Americ 1. T. ulmifolia L. Shrub 2 m. tall or less, with appre ssed-pubescent branehlets: leaf- blades cR va ped ps len Or spatulate, . lon r crenate-ser- e on bes lanceolate C CR acum be: petals yellow, -8 em. long: capsule globular to ovoid, mm. long.—Hammoeks and places, bias pA 2 to ae Nat. o e —(W. I., , C. A., i sed medicinally. This pU go. washing and scouring of Moa and the clearing aa building operations covering most of the island have not eliminated it from the flora. Faminty 8. CISTACEAE — ROCK-ROSE FAMILY Shrubs or partially woody plants. Leaves alternate or oppos blades simple. Flowers generally perfect. Calyx of 3-0 persistent sepa Corolla of 5 or 3 often fugacious petals, or wanting. Androecium of 6 or more stamens. Gynoecium of usually 3 united earpels. Fruit a cap- sule.—Nine genera RE about 160 species, natives of the Northern Hemis- here. Petals 5, yellow, fugacious or wanting. Leaves with flat blades ; ege short. Se S Leaves seale-like or sub bulat e; style elongate. 5i Hupso Petals 3, greenish or purplish, withering-persistent. 3. LEC a i CROCANTHEMUM Spach. Erect plants. Leaf-blades flat, but often narrowly revolute-margined. Flowers of two kinds, the earliest com- plete, showy with yellow petals and many stamens, some or all of the later ones apetalous, inconspicuous, and with few stamens. Ovules pendulous. Cap- sules of the gage flowers larger than those of the apetalous ones. Haein eae (Fl. SE. S.)]—About 25 species, American.—ROCK-ROSES. -ROSES. opio Flowers few, in a simple raceme- -like leafy-bracted inflorescence. I. CAROLINIANA. Flowers, at Jea st the apetalous Mi cluster ES lifer s and apetalous flowers in the same clusters II. CORXMBOSA. liferous flowers solitary or dew: eee alous flowers numerous, clustered, later in the seaso J. CANADENSIA. I. CAROLINIANA Leaves mostly in a basal rosette. 1. C. carolinianum. oe CORYMBOSA Flowers in a dense terminal e 2. C. corymbosum. Flowers in seattered or panicled “glusters. Flower-clusters scattered or solitar 1 Contributed by John ido Bonus CISTACEAE 879 Een SE 6-8 mm. long; lateral nerves of leaves minent beneath. Sepais" Décomin 4-6 mm. long: lateral nerves of leaves pro eens 2e 4. C. georgianum. Flower- due in re or less elongate thyrsoid pan c3 . C. arenicola. Deval E. E apetalous flowers fully 2 mm. long at Se En T Pun scentipuleru ione 5. C. Nashii Sepals hirsute. 6. C. thyrso Sepals of the apetalous flowers less than 2 mm. lene 7. C. Eom Or a. III. CANADENSIA Petaliferous flowers 1 or 2, their capsules p overtopped by the apetalous inflorescence. 8. C. canadense. Petaliferous oe S 5-12, the apetalous inflorescence on short ateral branche 9. C. Bicknellii. 1, C. carolinianum (Walt.) Spach. Stem hirsute, 0.5-2.5 dm. tall: leaves mostly in a basal rosette; blades Ode dE to elliptic, 2—4 em. long: flow- ers few, in a raceme- like, cre ted i floreseence: petaliferous "flow ri - 3 amens m [I linianum (Wal t) Micha. ui Dads Coastal Plain, N Fla. to E Tex. and N. C.— Spr. 2. C. n Eee 2 og finely and dens escent, dm. a o blades E or the s t obo- m. lon ale ben green p corolla bright-yellow, 16—20 . broad: eapsule of the larger flowers 4-6 mm. bro ad, many-seeded, that of the apetalous ones smaller and few-seeded. [H. corymbosum Michx x.]— —-Pine- lands, dunes, and open hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C. —Spr.-sum. or all ear S. 3. C. arenicola (Chapm.) Barnhart. Stem canescent- tomentulose, 1-2 dm. long: leaf-blades n c iptic, 1-2.5 em. long, obtuse, only the midrib promi- nent benéath: petaliferous flowers with 25 stamens and 20 ovules, the fa ti aca with 5 sta S 10 poo e vat becoming 6-8 mm. long: corolla yellow, 16-20 mm. broad: capsule bo out 4 mm. long. [Z. arenicola Chapm.]—Coastal sand- dunes, Fla. to Miss. .—Spr. . Beorgianum (Chapm.) Barnhart. Stem 1.5-3 7 long: leaf-bla ens A : sepals various, the larger ovate or amu, phis ng 4-6 mm i ng, ac or slightly acuminate: corolla Pe , 15-18 mm. bids capsule ovoid- SO. about 4 mm. long, apieulat [H. geo o a apm.]—Sandy woods, pine- lands, e; and fields, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to E Tex. and Va.—Spr. 9. C. Nashii (Britton) Barnhart. Stem 1.54 dm. lo ong: leaf-blades ellip- tie or linear -elliptic, 1-3 em. long, the midrib very prominent beneath: oan erous flowers with 15 sta amens and 8— l0 ovules, the apeta alous with 9s tamens o = e o 4 o LL g d © a & g run Eu bo e fon F3 © & £u uel e cet fo — Tw o = o D Qu [um tq O = B CD £5 «et “© to Ner EB ct M d 880 CISTACEAE 6. C. thyrsoideum Barnhart. Plant similar to C. Nashii in habit, 2 Nd inflorescence less widely branched, and the sepals densely hirsute. TH. t soideum Barnh.]—Dry sandy soil, Pinellas Co., Fla.—Spr. 7. C. rosmarinifolium (Pursh) Barnhart. Stem 1.5-4 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate, or those on basal shoots broader, 1-3 em. long: petaliferous flowers few, with 12-30 stamens and 8 ovules, "their sepals ovate, 2-3 mm. long, the corollas 12-15 mm. br oad, their capsules 2—3 em. long: apetalous flowers in dense clusters, with 3 stamens and 3 ovules, the capsule short-pedicelled, abou mm. broa H. dabei Mi Pursh |— Pinelands, -— fi elds, and roadsides, Coastal Plain, N Fla. E Tex. and C—Sum C. Mmm (L.) Britton. Stem 1-6 dm. one leaf- Min elliptic, linear- -elliptie, or oblanceolate, nearly sessile, 1.2-3 em. long, rough and dark- green above, paler and canescent beneath: petali erous a with 30 stamens and 30-60 o | i j and 6-8 mm. long: apetalous flowers appearing later, axillary, nearly sessile, with 4 stamens and 6-20 ovules, the capsule about 4 mm. in diameter: s pais e. [H. canadense (L.) Michx. ] — (FRosT-WEED .)—Acid sandy or rocky soil, often in woods, various provinces, N. C. to Miss., Wis., and Me.—Spr.—fall. 9. C. Bicknéllii (Fernald) Barnhart. eee m iss Lr leaf-blades e tic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute obtu 1.5-3.5 cm. long, stellate eanescent beneath, pens above, short- end ' petaliferous flowers with 30 stamens and 30—60 ovules, As pear eai canescent, the outer nearly as long as the inner, ene rolas 1.5 . broad, light- sine the capsule ovoid, 3-4 mm. long: apetalous ae appearing later, . 4 stamens and 6-20 ovules: seed evenly reticula ae [H. majus (Fl. SE. U. S.) H. Bicknellà Fernald |—-(Hoary F eG Dry soil, pou in open woods or old fields, various piovincon S. C. to Tex., Colo., and N. S.—Spr.-fall. JDSONIA L. Diffüse-spreading tufted or matted shrubs. Leaf- — subulate or scale-like. Flowers complete. Corolla bright-yellow. Ovules erect. Capsules all alike-—Three eee of eastern North America.—BEACH- ER FALSE-HEATHERS. Flowers sessile or nearly so: leaves scale-like: ovary glabrous. ^u H. tomentosa. Flowers slender- DM leaves subulate : ovary pubescent. Ovary po n t all over: one sepal, at least, with a linear- subulate 2. H. montana. uiis i pubescent at the top: one sepal, at least, with a tooth 3. H. ericoides. 1. H. Md Nutt. eod tufted and intrieately branched, matted hoary- pubeseent, Pee 1-2 dm. high, the branches stout, ascending: leaves 2 oval o r elliptic, densely imbricate and UR d: sepals obtuse: capsule ovoid, o glabrous. CH-HEA ) the seashore and in pinelands, Coastal Plain gland Coast, Nx N. C. to N. B.; and on lake and river shores, Great Lakes Lowland, Ind. to Man.—Spr.-early sum. montana Nutt. Bushy, Romo villous throughout, iei branches tuft 5 dm. long: leaves eommonly erect, some- = long densely pubescent: Mrs yellow, 9-11 mm CISTACEAE 881 broad: capsule indc ies or broadly ellipsoid, 3-4 mm long, sparingly p —Dry, stony summit of Table Rock and adj. peaks, in the Blue Ridge of N. C. Lin —Now localized on a few enna peaks, but doubtless ge once of wider distribution, and perhaps the ancestor of the following s species 3. H. ericoides L. Bushy, ee 1-2 dm. high, ‘the principal branches slender, ascending: leaves 6-8 mm. long, somewhat spreading, densely "epa on the pire iud branch hes, more Vade V ipd older P pedieels . 10-15 mm. long: flowers numerous: corolla abou . broad: sepals 4—6 a gres obtuse E) ee h: capsule iE ae pubescent.— (GOLpD- HEATHER. )—Dry sandy or rocky soil, especially in pinelands near the coast, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, N. C. to N. S.—Spr. 3. LECHEA Kalm. Erect plants with many very leafy shoots at the base of the stem in the fall. Leaf-blades narrow, or those of the leaves on the shoots often broad and -short. Flow complete, minute. i purplish or greenish. Ovules erect. Capsules all alike.—Sum.—PINWE Some species are used medicinally als d annual flowering stems from the base of which rosettes of leafy shoots Bloc. and fruits, relatively long-pedicelled, in long-peduncled lax clusters. Flowers = fruits m droopin alyx d the outer (arrow) sepals longer than tlie inna I. LONGISEPALAE. Calyx with the outer (narrow) sepals shorter than the II. BREVISEPALAE. ida ar end. ‘fruits droopin III. CERNUAE. oe and fruits, very short-pedicelled, in short- pe ncled elose or dense cluster IV. DIVARICATAE. Plants largely woody, much branched, with copiously leafy branches which later develop panicles at the tip. V. MYRIOPHYLLAE. I. LONGISEPALAE Blades of the cauline leaves of an oval or elliptic type. ie ues: : nos or Bood C d. outer sepals much longer inner: m n al shoots, stem, and branches appressed-pubesce . 1. L. minor. ae dives subglobose : prt sepals slightly longer than the bas hoots, stem, and branehes with lax or Sprcodine pu 2. L. villosa. Blades of the cauline leaves of a linear or subulate type. Capsule subglobose ellipsoid, or oval, not angle Outer rie Ed longer than the inner: capsule slightl rted from the calyx, longer than wide. 3. L: patula. Outer SODHIB pum eh longer than the inner: capsule in- lud about as wide as long. 4. L. tenuifolia. Capsule ellipsoid-prismatic, decidedly 3-angled, fully 1.5 . long. 5. L. prismatica. II. BREVISEPALAE Capsule ellipsoid : 6. L.racemulosa. Mr eid ule o eds or subglobose : ap Sula pP oval, much exserted: sepals spar- ingly pubescent. T. L. exserta. SS broadly oval scarcely exserted: sepals copi- y pubescen 8. L. Leggettii. Capsule er lades of Ho 'eauline leaves linear-subulate: inner UT about 1.5 mm. long. 9. L. Torreyi. vU. of the cauline leaves linear to narrowly ellip- : inner sepals about 2 mm. long. 0. L. maritima. III. CERNUAE Plant with several inconspicuously-pubes E xem ng stems and several very stout copiously e pubescent branched and copiously leafy basal shoots. 11. L.cernua. 56 882 CISTACEAE IV. DIVARICATAE Plant more or less diffuse, the branches with numerous rela- Elec tt x branehes: the whole plant loosely gray- pubes 12. L. divaricata. V. MYBRIOPHYLLA Leaf-blades subulate to elliptic-subulate: capsule dioe: globose 13. L. Deck Leaf-blades elliptie, sometimes narrowly so: capsule globose. 14. L. me un utu 1. L. minor L. Stem 1.5-6 dm. tall, the often numerous branches rather . short, xu Or RM ascending, which terminate in open clusters: blades of the cauline leaves oval or elliptie, 0.8— em. long: basal shoots with strigose branches and suborbicular or hs Bb es: ealyx in fruit obovoid; inner mm. lon at pun UE Jm outer sepals deeidedly longer than i inner: eapsule oval or obovoid-oval, about 1.5 mm. . lon ng, include d.—Dry woods and banks, various uomen Fla. to La. Mieh., and Mass.— 2. IL. villosa Ell Stem 3-8 dm. tall, with br short or long ascending branehes above, h ter te in den wer, fruit, elusters: foliage loosely, sometimes copiously pubescent with gray hairs: bla he cauline leaves elliptic, ps 2 i Eu basal shoots slender with numerous es ps elliptie, oval, or ovate blades much smaller than ices of ihe ca amiin e cleave calyx in fruit globos ose-turbinate and a e ed inner sepals about 1.5 m maturity, outer sepals slightly longer than the inner: capsule eo blontly 3 -angled, fully 1.5 mm. long, dhills sli EE pow —Dry woods, pinelands, san s, and prairies, various prov- inces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., S Ont., and Mass.—Sum. . patula velie. Stem 1.5-4.5 dm. tall, iin s zar se Or rl 4—9 divergent branches: blades of the cauline leaves linea nearly s long: basal Spots with linear-elli ipti o Or Wade “spatulate leaf blede: oum i pus EA inner sepals 1-1.5 mm. long at maturity; outer s epals aoe zt longer than the inner: capsule oval, “often eae 1.5 mm. long o exserted at the tip.—Dry.pi inelands, sand-dunes, and i ances Coastal Plain. Fla. to S. O.—Sum.-fall or all year r 5. 4. L. tenuifolia Michx. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, laxly much-branched: foliage finely strigose: blades of the cauline leaves narrowly linear or linear-s ubulate, h es l at maturity; pu sepals much exceeding the inner: capsule subglobose or 200 bu oi 1.5 mm. 1 or less, included.—Dry, often P or sandy en plains, d prairies, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Wis., and Mass.—Spr.—fall. 5. L. prismatica Small. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, loosely- -branched, the branches eauline 1 pd wly lin or linear ulat ; : shoots with narrowly ore “elliptic e to Ae ney leaf-blades: calyx in fruit narr es bie ate; inner sepals about 1.5 mm. long at maturity ? Pr sepals much longer than the inner: Rana ellipsoid- Dod about pops 3- angled, exserted at the tip.—Serub, S end of Lake Region, Fact Sum.—fal z CISTACEAE 883 6. L. racemulosa Michx. Stem simple or ru at the base, the branches erect or ascending, 1-5 dm. tall, copiously branched abov e the branchlets slender, mostly ascending, rather inconspicuo iux d ilose: blades of the eauline leaves elliptie-spatulate to elliptie, or linea “elliptic, mostly 1-2 em. long, strigillose or glabrate: basal shoots with car E leaf-blades: a yx in fruit narrowly pyriform; iuo sepals about 1.5 m ong at matur- ; outer sepals mueh shorter than the See capsule éllipsoid, fully 1.5 mm. i slightly exserted.—Dry woods, often i Mai or roeky soil, various prov- inces, Fla. to Ala., Ind., and E Mass.—Sum 7. L. exserta nae Stem usually eet at the base, the po erect, 3-6 dm fastigiately much-brane above, inconspicuously y pu pe cent: blades of Eds auline leaves pepe E to almost linear, glabrous or nearly so: basal qi not seen: panieles many-flow ered: s linear- ‘elliptic to su ubu late: calyx in fruit campanulate; inner sepals 1-1.2 mm. long, at maturity ; D das slightly shorter than the inner: capsule narrowly oval, hea 1.5 mm. long, much-exserted.—Dry pinelands, S pen. Fla.—Spr.-fall or all year 8. Leggettii pue and Hollick. Stem branched at the base, the branches erect or nearly so, loosely branched above, the branches long and lender, on add strigillose: blades of the cauline leaves linear-spatulate to linear, 1-2. aringly strigillose or glabrous: basal shoots with dn elliptic leaf-blades ealyx in Sis broadly pyriform; inner ian about 1.5 ong, at maturi rity; outer sepals much shorter than the inn d ale RUND abo ut 1.5 mm. long, se areely exserted.—Dry woods, M o old fields, and sand- -dunes, various provinces, Fla. to La., Ind., Il. rreyi Legget Stem usually branched at the base, the branches ee 5 dm. tall, the MU rather long and m ipd -strigose: blades of the cauline leave es linear-subulate, mostly 1—1.5 em. long, acute, TUTTA basal shoots Hos E ur similar to those of the stem DE slightly wider: a outer sepals m d sho ns an the inner: capsule ee ee a 5m long, not exserted. inlands Coastal Plain, Fla. S. C.—Spr.-fall or all ear S. 10. L. eu ad Leggett. Stem often branched at the base, the branches 1.5-3.5 m. tall, much-branched above, the branchlets rather short, gray-strigil- jeg blades of poet iube leaves lin near to narrowly-elliptie, mostly 1-2 em. long, whitish- bd basal shoots ud M elliptic leaf-blades: bracts similar to the cauline Je ue but much s er: ealyx in fruit globose-obovoid: inner pies er 2m ong at maturity; outer sepals Rees eld n the inner: capsule CURE about 1.5 ong, not erted.—Sandy sea- shores and pinelands, Coastal Plain and "New England Ci Ga. e Me.— Sum.-fall. 11. L. cernua Small. Stem usually B at the base, the branches 3—6 dm. tall, often numerous, widely often much-branched above, the branch- lets rather finely strigose: ae es of the tino leaves elliptie or ovate- elliptic, about 1 e less, strigose, Jab ribbed: basal shoots with ovate to E densely Dalai - af-blades: calyx in fruit turbinate; inner sepals about ong at maturity; rd bus minute: eapsule obovoid, about 2 mm. TEM furi dus .—Serub, on sand-dunes, Lake Region and E coast, Fla—Sum.—fall. 12. L. divaricata Shuttlw. Stem often branched at the base, the branches erect, ascending, or spreading, copiously pubescent with lax or spreadin g hairs; 884 l VIOLACEAE the branchlets usually E ras short, ending in compact flow or fruit-elusters: blades of the ous cauline and branch- pede elliptic, often narrowly so, or MY 4-8 m en ng, acute: calyx in fruit obovoi id; inner puts about 1.5 m dono 16 oosely Be cent; outer Des slightly m than er: eapsule subglobose or globose-o obov oid, 2 mm. long, exserted.—Dry pubes pe pen Fla., also reported from Tex. Sun E all. L. Deckertii Small. Stem branched at the woody base, the branches forming tufts, very an usually minutely and sparingly pubescent, sooner nicles: ipti lax capsule; inner sepals « about 1.5 mm. long at maturity; outer B fully one- half as long as the inner: capsule pA globose, 1.2-1.4 mm. long, much exserted.—Scrub, Coastal Plain, pen. Fla. to S Ga.—Sum.—fall. 14. L. myriophylla Small. Stem branched at the woody base, the branches forming tufts, very leafy, more or bus pubeseent, sooner or later developing ad io ; red, with the in fruit, lax not N the a. inner sepals nearly 1.5 mm. long at maturity; outer sepals about half as long as the inner: capsule globose, about 1.5 mm. long, much-exserted.—Serub, S part of Lake Region, pen. Fla.—Sum.-fa H. Famity 9. VIOLACEAE — VioLeT FAMILY Herbs, or in tropieal regions oque shrubs or trees, with E. alternate or opposite stipulate leaves, and perfect irregular solitary clustered flowers. Sepals and Deals 5, the latter hypogynous, peres in the bud, the lowermost pens spurred. Stamens 5, the ant we ers erect, syngenesious or connivent. Gynoecium 3-carpellary. ‘Ovary l-c en- closing numerous ovules on the 3 parietal placentae and a in fruit a loculicidal capsule. Teen anatropous.—Fifteen genera and about 300 species, widely distributed. des auriculate at base. " VIOLA. Sepals not auriculate at base. . CUBELIUM. 1. VIOLA L. Herbs, either leafy stemmed and rather ~A or stem- less; petaliferous flowers mostly in early spring on one-flowered peduneles: that project into the sae or spur o e odd petal; these two stamens alone developed in the cleistogamous flower.—Allied species freely hybridize when growing together; the hybrids commonly display eharaeters more or less inter- mediate to those of the parent species, and show marked vegetative bon but impaired fertility; their offspring are often much unlike the mother plant and unlike each other, reverting variously to the characters of the two via species—About 200 species, of wide geogr aphie distribution.— VIOLETS.— Some species are used medicinally; others for ornamental gardening. Plant stemles M d and scapes from a rootstock or a runner. Flowers imd ' with a faint pungent fragrance: plants indigenous Corolla violet a purple (white in albino forms) : plant without stolons. All petals “ea apetalous Dos wan - I. PED i Contributed b Ezra Brainerd for the e astern United States (Ed. . ud oo with slight ers ge the present work, by Edward Ji ohnston Alexande VIOLACEAE ateral petals bearded: apetalous flowers present. plant stoloniferous Corolla white or yellow, the petals often with dark lines: eei very fragrant: corolla violet or white: plant intro- Plant with. leafy stems: flowers axillary. SO searcely enlarged at the tip or merely capitate. tyle ca p beakless: spur of ut corolla short: stipules nearly entire, soon scario Style Bot capitate: n and bent. at the tip: spur of the corolla at least twice its width: stipules bristly toot ous, Style stout, much enlarged upward into globular di summit: stipules large, leaf-like, jactinate at the base I. PED Leaf-blades pedately finely divided: petals ise or the two upper ones dark-violet. II. PAL Cleistogamous flowers ovoid, on short Mies peduncles, © their capsules usually brown. eaf-blades all palmately 5-11-lobed or -parted, or rarely the first leaf Ki spring uncut: seed brown. Plant villous-pubescen Plant nearly or quite ot bro Earliest and later leaf- blades pm uncut, arts pe Sita e 3—1-lobed, -parted, or -divided : seed g Plants Son e: -pubes Cu 2 a -blades ORI 3-lobed, with broadly open Cut “leaf-blades mostly 5—7-parted, with narrow - sinus. Plants obscurely pubescent and glabrate: corolla deep-violet : ED of shady uplands. Plants Ed ous: corolla pale-violet: inhabitant of wet Leaf-blades all uncut. Plant nearly or quite glabro Flowers violet or pu Pole: eee in 1 IPUIOSIE Flo E: page Dats ig seed bro Flov rple: seed bu m Fov Dale ORE pU whitis us uniformly pale violet, with only a arker veins the base: seeds buff: leaf-blades reniform-hastate. E grayish, t Sa s to make large blotches of brilliant v violet blue: seeds brown: leaf-blades cordat Plant villous-pubescent, especially e ond eco v vaca x upper leaf- d elsewhere ro Cleistogamous flowers on dae ascending peduncles, their capsules more or less brown. eaf-blades at vernal flowering narrowly cordate- acuminate: seed buff. Auricles of sepals short appressed. Auricles of sepals 2 mm. ns. Tread ing. um blades at vernal flowering subcordate, 3-lobed: ed bronz Geist oda flo wers subulate or sagittate, on erect eduncles, thei eir capsules green Spurred petal Sanya the lateral on es with clavate beard: leaves glabrous; blades uncut, cordate-ovate. Spurred petal villous at base, the lateral ones with bescent. Lea f-blades ovate elliptic, acute. Leaf blades vate SE obtuse. Foliage Bc. or ovy Ebo Leaf-blades elliptic- o. incised at base. Leaf-blades deltoid to broad y ovate, coarsely toothed at base Leaf-blades uncut or pedately 3-9-lobed. 1. iS pe e 4a, . V. Lovelliana. C 885 II. PALMATAE. IIT, BLANDAE. IV. ODORATAE. V. HASTATAE. VI. ROSTRATAE. VII. ARVENSES. V. pedata. V. palmata. V. Egglestonii, V. triloba. V. triloba dilatata. . V. esculenta. V. papilionacea. acea. 8. V. ros 10. . V. floridana. F. Priceana. 11. V. sororia. 12. 16. Y. hirsutula. affinis . v. Langloisii. . V.chalcosperm aq, YV. cucullata. V. fimbriatula. ; V. villosa. . V. sagittata. V. emarginata. 205 ee h loba. 886 VIOLACEAE Corolla white. III. BLANDAE Cle eistogamous flowers on prostra peduncles, their capsules V commonly. ‘reddish-r own: plants oie old ravines and low woods. Taral petals E sed. pis at a 22; Lateral petals beardless: seed acute at 23. Cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles, their capsules ellipsoid, green: plants of open bogs. Leaf-blades broadly elliptic to Ua ‘ovate. Leaf-blades broadly cordate-ova 24. Leaf-blades ovate or elliptic Le E nee rugose, cordate-tapering at the 5 9. DE blades smooth, n rugose, sub-cordate r tapering at the 6. Leaf-blades narrowly elliptic ro lin Leaf-blades lanceolate or elliptic, 10-15 m wide: petals usually rounded at the tip 27. Leaf. blades narrowly lanceolate or Ion “4-10 mm, wide: petals usually acut Corolla yellow. IV. ODO Plants producing leafy stolons and fab ^ He open style terminating in a sharp hook. 30. V. HASTATAE Petals yellow. Ro oer long, thick, whitish, bearing crisp, capillary Y. incognita. V. blanda. . V. pallens. F. rugosa. V. primulifolia. Y. lanceolata. e or acutish. 28. V. vittata. 29. V. rotundifolia. Y. odorata. 31. V. hastata. nen Rootstock short, woody, brown, bearing coarse, fibrous Petals need outside with v I af-blades 3- lobed to 3- ‘divi ‘ded 32. eaf-blades uncut, ovate or rhombic-ovate. Petals yellow outside. Sparingly pubescent, root-leaves usually 1-3. 33. Markedly pubescent, root- a ate wanting. 34. Petals white inside, usually violet outs 3 VI. ROSTRATAE Corolla-spur less than 8 mm. long: lateral petals bearded. Petals white or cream-colored. 6. Petals 1 blue Ste Scandinge later leaf-blades subacuminate. 37 Eni pite prostrate: leaf-blades obtuse, usually ttled. 8. eee 10-12 mm. long, slender: lateral petals beard- 9. VII. Anv uppa E entire, or obscurely pur petals twice the length of sepals. 40. UD iaf blades plainly crenate : petals usually shorter an the sep 41. ta L. Plant nearly eae: rootstock short, 3 ER the lateral divisions pedately ua to spatulate, often 2—4-toothed or -cleft n ay EUM din dark iole a the three em the center of the flow OUS: See OLE CROWFOOT-VIOLET. ANS : dun JUMP-UP.)—Open woods and dr fields, often in acid soil, various provinces, NNN y . V. conspersa. y y V. tripartita. . V. tripartita glaberrima. eriocarpa. pubescens. canadensis. striata. . Walteri. .rostrata. V. Rafinesquii. V. arvensis. erec : leaf-blades arted or -cleft, "the x. linear VIOLACEAE 887 Fla. to La., Minn., and Mass.—Shows marked variations in leaf-form and colora- tion of petals; the color-form with the upper two petals dark-violet is more com- mon in the east-central part of its range. 2. V. palmata L. Plant villous: leaf-blades palmately 5-11- lobed or -parted, the segments oid P. toothed or cleft, the middle segment usually widest; petioles, and veins of the lower leaf-sur Mae villous, the upper surface often glabrous: sepals o e: podus: rather blunt t: corolla violet-purple, 2-3 e broad: eleisto pisci flow prostrate peduneles, their capsules void, page with brown, 8-12 mm Es seeds brown.—Wooded hillsides in dry ieh soil, various Dioses "Fla. to Miss. Minn., and Mass. E d V. Bgglestonii Brainerd. den A oM: of spreading habit especially spring: leaf-blades truneate ase, often vea po pulis rarely bd ; early leaf blades eee 3-5 lobed, the later o 3-parted, with the middle or all three primary segments 2—3- left, the subdivisions inen sn or linear, Be serrate towards the summit and bearing a few long arrow 2e eeth below: ira violet- own j > the dida petals bearded the Eu at; bd petal somewhat villous: leis to Sm s flowers and fru underground peduncles till seeds ripen: capsu hien eria iic aes ene imeem] 13 mm. long, with la edle iei: one third as long, their auricles short, eo prensa seed brown, 2.5 mm. long.—Barrens, Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn. and Ky. 4. V. triloba Schwein. Plant villous: earliest leaf-blades, and those put forth in late summer, broadly cordate- d usually uncut, sparsely pubescent or glabrate; those VM < petalifer s flow wering, densely villous beneath like the petioles, 3-lobed or rarely -part ted, the middle segment broad,. the lateral lunate, E ate, often. coarsely foo hed: or pu cleft, the upper subdivision narr with more and dee eeper incisions, and the middle primary segment ovate, elliptie or pomp qud te in V. triloba dotata ; blades nS 5 em. wi ture: peduncles mostly glabrous, shorter than the leaves petals deep-violet: outer sepals ovate-lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, slightly ciliate: cleistogamous capsules ovoid, purplish: seeds buff or brown.—Dry woodlands, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Mo., and Mass V. Lovelliana Brainerd. Plant often minutely hoary- a on the e nate flowering 2-5 em. long, those of later summer tw s long, glabrate, often less deeply eut, or uncut: flowers on stalks often ae the leaves: sepals 2 lanceolate, acute, one third the length of capsule; the auricles short, appressed, rounde d, sparsely ciliate: corolla vio let-purple, the three lower Pp villous at the throat and marked with dark-purple lines: eleistogamous = wers and immature ae s prostrate peduncles: capsule purple-dotted, 14 m. long: seed buff, 2 m 7; —Sparsely wooded hillsides and knolls, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, ie o La., Okla., and Ark. 6. V. esculenta Ell. Rootstock stout, ascending, sometimes with purple horizontal branches 5-7 cem. long; the foliage spreading, usually glabrous, becoming stiff and succulent: first leaf-blades usually uncut, broadly cordate- g, fo e g time by leaf-blades 3—5-lobed, suc- cessively larger and Mini iiie til blade may z nd breadth, the late su ones with obscure lobes flowers long- pe eduncled: sepals ee Bancos with emarginate potere ps pale- 888 VIOLACEAE violet or white, the spurred petal slightly villous: cleistogamous flowers ovoid- acuminate: mature capsule trigonous-cylindric, closely purple-dotted, 12-16 mm. long; their sepals one third as long: seed dark-brown or sometimes 2 mm. long.—River swamps and borders of slow streams, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. c 7. V. papilionacea Pursh. Plant glabrous, commonly robust, from a stout horizontal branching rootstock: leaf-blades often 12 cm. broad, sometimes deltoid in outline above the cordate base, sometimes rounded and abruptly pointed; petioles often Lui ub escent: outer sepals ovate-lanceolate: corolla deep-violet, white or greenish-yellow at the base, sometimes wholly white, the odd petal often narrow and boat-shaped, prea: gl abrous: eleis- togamous flowers ovoid, on horizontal peduneles usuall derground but green or reddish-brown, 10-15 mm. long: seed 2 long, dark- (WooD-VIOLET.)—Moist meadows and woods, a | frequently about dvellnes, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Mas 8. V. rosacea dide Plant nearly or quite glabrous: leaf-blades at vernal flowering narrowly cordate-ovate, acute or acuminate, crenate-serrate, 2-4 cm . long, sparsely oe above; ; later leaf-blades much wider, sub- cordate, acum , glabrous, 5-7 cm. long: corolla ro u. about 2 cm ir the spurred petal ‘glabrous: m slightly villous: cleistogamous flowers oid on prostrate pedune their mature capsules ellipsoid, about 12 mm. "e n EET dud "for Ta half their length in lanceolate sepals: seeds buff, 2 mm. long, about 50 in a capsule.—Dry open woods and well- drained pu margins, Coastal Plain, "Miss. and La. 9. V. floridana Brainerd. Leaf-blades at time of petaliferous flowering on spreading ol piis acute, finely crenate-serrate, often somewhat pu- berulent above, 2-3 c wide, 3—4 em. joo ; leaves with blades twice as long and wide pe ring soon after, on long erect D glabrate, sometimes a through the winter: flowers on peduncles much surpassing the leaves: corolla whitish or pale-violet, the odd petal TE ; ee flowers con- cealed under soil or dead dier ii) ovoid-a ; their ripe piri reddish-brown, about 16 m lon ng, on decumbe at Su sepals broadly lanceolate, about one third | the length of the capsule: see mm, long, salmon- colored or dark-brown, about 60 in a capsule.—Moist rich woodlands, C and N Fla. 10. V. Priceana Pollard. Plant glabrous, robust, from a stout, branching rootstock: leaf-blades glabrous, rather dark green, cordate-ovate in outline the tip obtuse or d p scapes equalling or exceeding the leaves: sepals lanceolate-acuminate: corolla 3 cm. broad, grayish, the petals heavily veined at the bas e with brilliant violet-blue, the veins extending well into the uud : te spurred Ce. ip geile at smaller than the others, keel-shaped, glab- oid on horizontal peduncles: capsule pai elipsoid, ph urplish ^ en ae b n n VIOLET.)—Rich s partially shaded ean dos various provinces, Ga., Ark., Ken., a Brainerd regards this plant as an albino of V. p api ilionacea, but that species as flowers violet with white center, while this is reverse This species also is very constant in its form and CORNA comes true from seed, never reverting to V. papilionacea. 11. V. sororia Willd. Leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate, villous-pubescent ise ps Eo 2 iur when young, and on the petioles, often 10 em. 1 flowers on peduncles Ken the length of the leaves: duet Mese ps elliptic commonly obtuse, all finely ciliate below the middle VIOLACEAE 889 and on the short rounded aurieles: corolla violet a lavender and occasionally e eleistogamous dies usually mottled with brown: seed dark- rown, . long.—Moist meadows, shady ledges, and dooryards, various provinces, N.. C. to Okla., Minn., and One. 12. V. hirsutula Brainerd. Plant of small size: leaf-blades dd ee to the gro und, 2-5 em. wide, cordate-ovate to renifor dli e, purplish and glabro s beneath, pic aee a often pare e-veined and mottied with differe nt sh ades of gre : flowers on peduncles cus the leaves: corolla reddish-purple: apet apes pem ovoid, on short prostrate Druide. developing ovoid iier capsules, 6-8 mm . long, earing each 20—30 light-brown seeds.—Dry rich woods, various provinces, Ga. to Ala. and N. Y. 13. V. affinis LeConte. Plant nearly glabrous: leaf-blades that unfold at vernal flowering mu ig a 2 e suni: ly vies ate toward the apex, becomin wide ummer argin noticeably crenate-ser- rate; petioles noe 20 ciis pm any nie white bane conspicuous, the spurred petal more or less villous: eleistogamous flowers small, ovoid, on pre er long beg i d car capsule ellipsoid, 5-8 mm. long, usually 'red- th j inute dense dish-brown, s green, either b pubescence: sopas h half the length of the capsule, with small appressed auricles: idea rmally buff.—Mbist meadows, low woods, and shaded stream-banks, ari ius provinces, Ga. to Ala., Wis., and Vt. 14. V. Langloisii Greene. Leaf-blades glabrous, cordate-ovate, attenuate, crenate-serrate (3—5-lobed in V. Langloisii pedatiloba) ; those that mature after flowering relatively bu Bd ET 2 6 cm. long: flowers on 3 em d Peu Min Piu! bearded. ut Sus rred pecu ostly glabrous: oe ing peduncles, sagittate, EN eir mature eapsule narrowly ipse. Duc ‘faintly Tie hen purple, 10-12 mm. long, w with lanceo- late acuminate a one ha ong, the Ege. glabrous, dentate, 2 mm. long: seed buff, mm. lon us —Wet and shady borders of slow Streams, Coastal Plain, Miss. to Tex. 15. V. chalcosperma Brainerd. Plant Jee Reged i e leaf-blades at the wea nae s the close of the season's growth uncu ut former cordate 2—3 cm. long, the latter Dance at ba broadly deltoid 2 5e m. long; vernal leaf bs d 3-lobed, the middle lobe ovate, acute, the lateral on ve the leave sepals dark purple, lanceolate, "5 mm. long, icles 34 . lon d bs outer sepals with one or more sharp teeth: pic bronze- "y red, 1. . long, about 50 in a eapsule.— Wet soil in shaded ravines, near J pong Fla. 16. V. cucullata Ait. Plant glabrous: leaf-blades, except the ipit. cor- date- Manes acute or subacuminate, often 9 em. wide when matur : peduncles commonly much exceeding the leaves: sepals narrowly iun : corolla violet-blue, darker-colored at the throat, the psu petals with strongly elavate 1 beard, the spurred petal glabrous, generally somewhat shorter than the lateral ones: eleistogamous flowers gs er slender, on eret often elongate peduneles: capsule ovoid-cylindrie, Meu 0—15 mm. long, diu: exceeding the long- k, auricled sepals: seed nea rly blac E 5 mm. —(BLUE MARSH- br MEADOW-VIOLET. lue soil, various provinces, m Plain only N, Ga. Ont., Que., and M 890 VIOLACEAE 17. V. fimbriatula J. E. Smith. Rootstock becoming long and stout, usually erect: earliest leaf-blades ovate, obtuse, the later ones ovate-elliptic, acute, ely pubescent, obscurely crenulate toward the apex, the basal lobes often sharply toothed, incised, or auriculate: scapes com monly e xceeding the leaves: auricles of the Il somewhat spreading and ciliate: COR violet- iu E capsule green, ovoid, 6-10 mm. long; seed brown: ne M on erect peduncles — Hillsides and dry fields, various provinees, Fla. to Ya. Wis. 5 and N. 8. 18. V. villosa Walt. Rootstock simple, often long and jagged; foliage spreading, minutely villous throughout: leaf-blades ovate, varying to elliptic- ovate and orbieular, obtuse, obscurely erenate, cordate with small narrow sinus, when mature sometimes 6 em. long and on petioles 12 cm. long: flowers early: sepals ciliolate, elliptic- se with rather short auricles: corolla violet, the three ee r petals bearded, spur large ees aes e green, 'ovoid-cylindrie, 10 g ark B own, 1.8 m ong. [V. carolina Greene]—Dry E pend woods and roadsides, various ‘provines, Fla. to Miss., Tenn. and S W Va.; also W Ark., Tex., and E Okl 19. V. sagittata Ait. Plant usually glabrous, except the often ciliate leaves, or ae dei throughout: leaf-blades lanceolate or Es et late, becoming 4—8 em. long, hastately a prin) gers or cleft at t base; the earliest aa those produced summer often deltoid- is obtuse, merely crenate at the base: Sd n errowiy lanceolate, acute, E poor di eorolla violet-purple: eapsule 8—14 mm. long, e ining 50 -70 bro eeds.— RROW-LEAVED VIOLET a ist banks and Hn peer Y various e M Ga. to La., Minn., and Mas 20. V. emarginata (Nutt.) LeConte. Plant glabrous: vM leaf-blades deltoid or broadly ovate, the base truneate or subeordate often decurrent, oi seurely crenate-serrate abov ve the middle, coarsely to gd or incised below corolla violet- Apnd rp petals sometimes arginate: cleistogamous capsule elli ipsoid, 8—14 ong: peduncles erect, D hat shorter Rn the leaves: eed brown. is n abe and hillsides, various provinces, N Ga. to Okla. and S E N. Y. 21. V. septemloba LeConte. Plant glabrous with a vertieal rootstoek: leaf-blades cordate-ovate; the first ones often, and sometimes all the leaves, uncut, the others primarily 3-lobed, 3-cleft or 3-parted be idely open puc the middle segment uncut, relatively long and broad, usually narrowed a base; the lateral ipid, sometimes uncut, but ge zn pedately cleft into 2—4 narrow divergent parts that become smaller towards the base of the 1 adii usually raised ee the foliage: sepals narrowly lanceolate, with aise unded auricles: corolla violet, the three lower petals villous at d base: Cist ee amious flowers erect: capsule green, ovoid-cylindric, about m. long: seed naa brown, 2 mm. long. [V. vincialis Greene ]|—Pinelands, erm Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Va. V. incognita Brainerd. Peduncles, petioles and lower surface of leaf- blades Par js soft white hairs especially when young (nearly or quite glabrous in V. incognita Forbes), the upper leaf-surface glabrous; aestival leaves ‘large, the blades rugose, broadly cordate-ovate with open sinus, acute: , sm m in summer producing numer us filiform runners.—Moist woods, Blue Ridge and more northern. provinces, ean to N. Dak. and Que 23. V. blanda Willd. Leaf-blades cordate-ovate with narrow sinus, com- monly acute, often acuminate, glabrous Ecce for minute scattered hairs on the VIOLACEAE 891 upper surface; petiole s, and scapes, ees er dis with red: lateral petals beardless, the upper pair often long, narrow, and strongly reflexed, sometimes twisted: cleistogamous Ee ovoid, dark -purple: seed dark-brown, minutely e m. lon j in su gose, t ; ng: plants freely producin er, slender leafy runners [7 nteana G. Don]— EET WHITE-VIOLET. )— l rav and moist shaded slopes, o d. in humus, various provinces, on Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Minn. an 24. V. pallens (Banks) Brainerd. Leaf-blades broadly repe 12 ob- tuse or rarely ipn: glabrous on both sides; petioles and seapes often dotted with red in summer and more or less hirsutulous: lateral petals oval bearing a small tuft of hairs the upper petals broadly obovate: seed 1 mm. long, al- most black. [V. blanda of recent authors, not Willd.]— (WILD WHITE-VIO- LET, ) —Springy soil and banks of eod streams, un ne on agre Plain only N, B. C. to Ala., gos , Mieh., and Lab.—Plan pns grow slow-flowing streams after the anner as a n x ee and ore only raised above the surface of. the water. In most e the a ant sinks p the bottom in Ln retaining two or a A Es aa rises again in the spring to blo 25, V. rugosa Small. Leaf-blades ovate-elliptic, cordate at s base and in the larger leaves deeurrent as wings down the petioles, 4—6 long, rugose, sparsely pubescent on the veins, bright green, paler beneath; etie about as lon ng as the ee copiously hirsutulous: scapes about as long as the leaves, : petals a h i e sma tuft of hair rs; the spurred etals veined at the base with brownish-purple: sepals lane eolate: cleistogamous capsule green, about 1 em. long, on short erect peduncles, ellipsoid, seeds red-brown.—Edges of white-cedar swamps, Liberty Fla 3 26. V. primulifolia L. Plant often oe Hu us ee ek a pubescent especially toward the base of the p s (with d petioles and lower leaf-surfaces in F. primulifolia pom leaf- eod Rae ovate, the base slightly cordate, roun or LE obseurely erenate- serrate; petioles often broadly winged $e flowers white: capsule green, the peduncle erect in V. lanceolata: seed reddish- ms, 1.5 mm. long.— Marshes and swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., W. Va., and N. B. 7. V. lanceolata L. Stolons leafy, often bearing apetalous flowers: leaves and scapes glabrous, 5-8 em. high at time of vernal Sade ring; later leaves with lanceolate or elliptic blades, 10-15 mm. wide, 7-15 em. long, obscurely erenulate, gradually tapering into margined, often reddis h, Stee diee broadly lanceo- late, acute: lateral petals usually beardless: cleistogamous capsules 6-12 -brown (Boc wHITE-VIOLET. LANCELEAF-VIOLET.)—Moist meadows, bogs, and marshes, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and N. S. 28. V. dap Greene. First leaf-blades piii lanceolate, Rage suc- ceeded after flowering by linear leaves 4-10 mm. wide, 15-30 em. long, the blades s at the apex and gradually tapering at the ba ase, E alately ser- rulate; petioles, peduncles, and lower leaf- surface usually m dis villous: Ie san nd bu es as in the preceding species: seed obo void, BN , 1.8 mm. ong. [V. denticulosa Pollar ime dE hes, bogs, and borders of Sens Com Plain, Fla. to Tex. an 29. V. rotundifolia ater Rootstock long and stout, jagged with the persistent bases of former leaves: runners short, usually without roots or leaves, bearing 1—4 a flowers: leaf- blades oval or orbicular, cordate with 892 VIOLACEAE short and narrow sinus, repand-erenate, at vernal flowering sparsely hirtel- lous, 2-3 em. wide, midsummer mostly uia 6—10 em. wide, prostrate corolla bright- a. ue three lower petals with brown veins, the lateral ones bearded: style clavate, ee capitate. beakless: capsule ovoid, 6-8 mm. long, closely dotted w ith purple: seed nearly white.—(EARLY YELLOW-VIOLET. ) —Cool woods, various provinces, coastal Plain only N, N Ga. to Ont. and Me. V. odorata L. Plant producing above ground leafy stolons rooting m: pu p eter leaf-blades broadly cordate- ovate, dl a escent: flowers pe ap fence-rows, an aste- aie diim) established throughout U. S., as are some of its hybrids with other European spec 31. V. hastata e Plant shghtly puberulent: stem MR 1-2.5 dm high, from a id asp" e rootstock: stem-leav s 2-4 n near the summit; blades h albe En sha with rounded basal lobes: aici leaves occa- sional ; blades elliptic. pm nm more pm eply cordate; all distantly ape sepals linear- ‘lanceolate, acute: corolla yellow, the upper ao often ti outside with violet: capsule ovoid, glabrous, 8-10 mm. long: sti pus ovate, VP cL s uL few bristly teeth.—Rieh woods, various provinces, Fla. . V. tripartita Ell. Rootstock short and woody, with long coarse fibrous roots: stem erect, usually solitary, beginning to bear flowers when 1-2 dm. high, bearing foliage above the middle; the first two or thr ree leaves with petioles 2-8 em. long; blades commonly 3-lobed to yp ovate p rhombie- ovate merely toothed in V. tripartita glaberrima [V. tenuipes], the middle segment narrowly lanceolate to ovate, usually eonstricted ih the base, rns es pud. the apex, the lateral segments faleate PE coarsely toothed er margin; upper leaves smaller, ovate- Tae , mostly uncut; petioles ond o leaf- surface more or x s pube scent when UA ung, at length early glabrate: peduneles slender, 2-9 c ong, axillary: sepals linear- laneeo- late, ciliate: Bus als yellow, the upper nr tinged outside with violet, the three lower ones somewhat bearded: capsule trigonous-ovoid, glabrous: "seed large, brown.—Rich woods, various provinces, N Fla. to Ala., Tenn., and N. C. eriocarpa Schwein. Plant glabrous except for minute pubescence upper b nearly sessile; stipules ovate to lanceolate, nearly entire, glabrous, tardily scarious: sepals B lane sone lateral petals be arded : capsule ovoid, woolly or sometimes glabrous: Mi eee oa on short peduncles m upper le d b axils of r leaves: seed bro ong. [V. scabriuscula Sehwein.] —(YELLOW-VIOLET.)—Low open AE LR provinees, Coastal Plain only N, Ala. to Okla., Man., and N. S. s and the following pere -flowered violets are frequently called WILD-PANS . V. pubescens Ait. Plant softly pubescent: stems 2-3 dm. high, often solitary: leaves, either cauline, 2—4, near the summit, or occasionally a long- : e 10-12 la long, glabrous or sometimes woolly: seed brown, (DOWNY VIOLET.) EX ci SS various provinces, rarely poene Plain, Ala. to Miss., Mo., N. D., N. S., and N. C. VIOLACEAE 893 35. canadensis L. Stems usually 3-4 dm. high, minutely pubescent: leaf- blades cordate-ovate, pointed, serrate; ders sharply lanceolate: slender, acuminate, spre ading: late eral petals bea at the ba ase and striped with fine dark lines: long, often ei or puberulent: seed brown.— VIOLET.) oods, various provinces, N of Coastal Plain, S. c to ro Sask., Ont., aaa. "N. B. 36. V. striata Ait. e : stipules large, elliptic-lanceolate: corolla white or c T , 4-6 mm long: seed light-brown.—(CREAM-VIOLET.)—Low woods an hickets, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Mo., Minn., and Con V. conspersa Reichenb. Rootstock oblique, often much branched: at time of vernal flowering, 8-16 em. high: lower leaf -blades cordate- RIT obtuse, the upper ones cordate-ovate, erenate, sub m. wide: flowers n j 1 i own.— (AME ow grounds and shaded banks, various SIND. Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Minn., Que., and Me. 38. V. Walteri House. Plant finely puberulent: ee a at first oe lea ng o tly in ee ins, 2—4 em. wide: stipules bri eel fimbriata, 6-10 mm : capsule purplish, ovoid- -globose, 6 m ong: seed [V. mu ti- is (T. & G.) Britton] "04 No gd. and moist E Te. various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ky., and S. C. 39. V. rostrata dei Stems often numerous, common ly 1-2 dm o broadly ovate, cordate, near ED-VIOLET. ‘Low VIO un pen hillsides . and rieh woods, various provinees, N oË Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Mich., Que. and Pa. . Rafine d exposed hillsides, elds, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Mich., and N. Y.—The roots have a wintergreen scent. 894 PAPAYACEAE 4l. V. arvensis Murr. Similar to the next preceding, but stouter, often e 3—4 dm. high, erect br late, noticeably erenate; stipules more coarsely nd the upper lobe usually much enlarged, e and sparsely erenate: petals usually shorter than e ud imes the u tips, and the spurred petal deep-yellow at base: eapsule globose: seed brown, narrowly obovoid, 1.7 mm. long.—(WILD-PANSY.)—Fields and roadsides, vari- ous provinces N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Ont., and Newf.—Nat. of Eu. 2. CUBELIUM Raf. Perennial eaulescent, rather tall herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire or slightly toothed, Flowers borne in axillary clusters, ineonspieuous. Sepals 5, nearly equal, not auricled. Petals 5, green, nearly equal in length, the lower one largest and gibbous near the base. Stamens 5, filaments united into a sheath m the pistil and bearing a gland on the lower side. Style hooked at the apex. Capsule longer than thick, slightly 3-lobed, 3-valved.—One specie a C. concolor (Forst.) Raf. Stem up to 1 tall, pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic or cllipticabovate, —16 em. long, acuminate or eute the apex, tapering to a rather Sieger prt -like base: sepals linear-subu- late or linear-laneeolate, more than half as lon mm. n o at the apex: connective- -tips nearly so: 1.5-2 cm. long: seed about 5 mm. in di tos Rich ds eet and stream-banks, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss., Kans., Ont., and N. Y.—Spr. Orper PASSIFLORALES — PASSIFLORAL ORDER Herbs, vines, or shrubby plants, or succulent tree-like plants with milky sap. Leaves alternate: ‘blades entire, toothed, or lobe Flowers perfect or dioecious. Calyx of 4 or 5 more or less united os Corolla of 4 or 5 distinet or united petals, sometimes accompanied by a fringed crown, or rarely wanting. Androecium of 5 stamens, or of 10 stamens in 2 unequal rows. Gynoecium of 3-5 united carpels. Ovary superior. Fruit a berry or a capsule. Corolla not accompanied by a crown: flowers mainly dioecious, the staminate and pistillate different. Fam. 1. PAPAYACEAE. Corolla accompanied by a crown: flowers perfect, all alike. Fam. 2. PASSIFLORACEAE. FAMILY 1. PAPAYACEAE — PAPAYA FAMILY Shrubs or trees. Leaves with s 7-9-lobed blades. Corolla salver- e 10: filaments adnate to the corolla-tube. Anthers erect. baceate, borne near the top of tho stem.—Two genera and over 30 species o and subtropical. 1. CARICA L. Plants with milky juice, the stem rather tender, simple or branched, much-scarred above. Leaf-blades palmately or pinnately lobed. PASSIFLORACEAE | 895 Staminate flowers in long-peduneled cymes: pistillate flowers in short-peduneled cymes. B The flowers are sometimes polygamous. C. Papaya L. Stem 3-6 m. tall, simple, leafy at the top: leaf-blades 3-6 dm. broad, stout die P dote. eorolla yellow or r reddish. hat of the pistillate flower the n ds ellipsoid to subglobose, 2—18 ong.— w p M waste- places, BeHe Fla. an e Keys. Nat. rop. Am W. I., Men wa A., S. A.) —Al year. —Frequently "found in wild localities human permis but doubtless uds o by birds who greatly relish the seeds. In cultivated fo orms the frui ery Jine The milky juice of unripe fruit has Robes similar to in of 2m Famity 2. PASSIFLORACEAE — PassioN-FLOWER FAMILY 2 tendril-bearing vines, or oo lants. Leaves with entire or s T or rarely compound lades. a mostly rotate. Stamens ales usually monadelphous around the gynoecium. Fruit baccate. m genera and about 350 speoies, e abundant in South America. 1. PASSIFLORA L. Perennial vines. Leaf-blades entire, lobed, or parted. Crown filamentous, single, double, or triple. Anthers versatile.— About 300 species, mostly of tropical Ameriea.—PASSION-FLOWERS. PASSION- VINES.—Some species are used medicinally ; diore in ornamental gardening. Peduncle bearing an involucre vs 3 bracts nar the calyx. I. INCARNATAE. Peduncle without an ao r this obse Petioles without gla II. LUTEAE. Petioles with zd m ‘the middle or near the base of the eaf-blade. Peduncles single. IIT. SUBEROSAE. Peduncles clustered. IV. MULTIFLORAE. I. INCARNATAE Leaf-lobes toothed: stipules minute: petiolar glands sessile. 1. P. incarnata. Leaf-lobes entire: stipules foliaceous : petiolar glands stalked. 2. P. pallens II. LUuTEAE one several-flowered : berry pubescent. ME n A Cymes 1-flowered : berry glabrous. . P. lut Ha c3 III. SUBEROSAE Calyx or eorolla 2.5—3 cm. wide: leaf-blades, or lobes, toothed. 5. P. Warmingii, Calyx less than 2 cm. wide: leaf-blades, or lobes. not toothed. 6. P. pallida. IV. ULTIFLORAE Woody tomentose vine, with thick SUM T. P. multiflora. carnata L. Twigs finely pubescent or glabrate: leaf-blades 8-12 cm. bel ae or sparingly pubescent, the lobes finely serrate: sepals 25-30 896 PAPAYACEAE long: petals pale-lavender: crown lav- Ed and purple: ber rry e ellipsoid or oval, 4— 10 cm. d endi —6 mm. lon (MAY APRICOT-VINE.)—Dry T roadsides, n slopes and old fields, various provi Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Va.—Spr.-sum. "The a. is edible. 2. P. pallens Poepp. Twigs glabrous, glau- age leaf- eases dues Pic incor 3-lobed, 4-8 long, the lobes , the termi inal one peal a larger than ios others: stip- oliaceous, ovate eniform: T lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 20-30 : ong, w ES Or Hg i B ‘corolla want: | ing: berr ong, yellow.—Ham mocks, B Keys and Cape Sable nen Fla.—(F. I.)—A year. - P sexflora Juss. Twigs tomentulose: o 6-14 em. broad, pubes- 1m t: eymes several poda ck sepals 9-1 long: corolla greenish-white: ende globular, 9—11 mm. in diameter, ved pie pubescent: dn about 2.5 mm. lo jo nude Everglade Keys, Fla—(W. I.)—A yea 4. P. lutea L. Twigs finely pubescent 2 glabrous: leaf-blades 3-15 cm. broad, mostly obtuse, pare cymes l-flowered: sepa Es 8- a n long: corolla greenish-yellow, a about 2 em. broad: berry 10-15 mm. in dia r, r, purple-black. —( NI NE Ll woods and thickets, a provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans. , and Pa.—Spr.- 5. P.W ii Mast. Twigs sparingly fine-hirsute: leaf-blades 5-14 c p ue. uc pd iE or ovate, remotely toothed: sepals lanceolate, 18-21 m. long: corolla pale-yellow, 2.5- -3 em. broad: berry globular, 25-30 mm. Eu white-hairy: seed 4.5-5 mm. long, wrinkled.—Thiekets 2 n near Clemson College, in the Piedmont of S.C. Nat. of Brazil ——BSpr.-s 6. P. pallida L. Twigs glabrous or minutely pubescent: -blades entire to 3 lobed, mostly 2-10 em. long: calyx greenish; sepals linear to lanceolate or elliptic, 7-9 mm. long: corolla wanting: berr “To mm. in » diameter, Purple black: seeds 2.5-3 mm. long. [Passiflora suberosa L. P. al. P. gustifolia Sw.]—(CoRKY-STEMMED PO ne and ~ A., lands, pen. Fla. and the K eys.—(W. I C. S. 4A.)—The order TR fre. quently develop od corky wings. 7. P. multiflora L. Twigs velvety: leaf- ies elliptie or nearly so, 5-12 e long, entire, rugose beneath: sepals 5-6 mm. long, in green: petals linear or nearly so, white: berry subglobose, 6—8 mm. in meter, purplish-black.— Hammoeks, S pen..Fla. and D. un —(W. I. S he old stems are frequently covered with a thick corky bar OrperR OPUNTIALES — OPuNTIAL ORDER Succulent, typically spine-armed, herbs, shrubs, or trees, mainly leafless or essentially so, or leafy rigid herbs, with more or less specialized hairs. Flowers perfect. Hypanthium present. Calyx of 4 or 5, or many, sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5, or many, stamens, in several series or groups, sometimes partially reduced to staminodia. Gynoecium of 4, or 2-several, united earpels. Ovary inferior. Fruit baccate or capsular. OPUNTIACEAE 897 Sepals and petals 4 or 5 each, very different: leaves with entire a ae blades: erect or climbing plants, with rigid hairs. Fam. 1. LOAS Sepals and petals nearly alike, at least the latter numer- ous: leaves typically mere scales or wanting: succulent plants, usually armed with p ines. Fam. 2. OPUNTIACEAE. Famity 1. LOASACEAE — Loasa FAMILY Rigid herbs with barbed or stinging hairs. Leaves with entire lobed, pinnatifid, or dissected blades.—About 20 genera and 250 species, mostly merican. 1. MENTZELIA [Plum.] L. Brittle-stemmed, mostly diffuse or reclin- ing herbs. Leaf-blades relatively nen sinuate or lobed. Androecium with- out staminodia. eeds angled.—About 35 species, American. idana Nutt. Leaf-blades 2-9 em 1. M. long, ae to deltoid-ovate toothed and 3- lobed: K puis often very broad at the base: pet s golden- idi 15-18 mm. long: EM ule o 5 em. lon — (Poo R-MAN'S NEN PATCH STICK-LEAF. Br AZING-STAR.)— ANO AE =," b=: UM sand-dunes, and pe non pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.)—Spr fall or a all M S.—The barbed hairs on tis leaves eause them y o. very PaA to clothing. The ey a ery effective in cutting off the feet A pm of small im that alight on the dd su - ee " [I sl Aare Phe oo * 1 ee rR ATAA PELLEM Famity 2. OPUNTIACEAE — Cactus FAMILY Shrubs or trees with more or less succulent tissues over a woody frame- sore the stem depressed or elongate, simple or branched, continuous o often showy, diurnal or nocturnal. Caly several or nu rear sepals. etals droecium of numerous stamens in several series. Re e of several united earpels. Ovary inferior, with the hypanthium often much pro- duced beyond it, 1-celled, with several parietal placenate. Styles united. Stigmas clustered. Fruit a fleshy berry, either spiny or scaly, hairy or naked.—About 100 genera and over 1,200 species, American. Mana of the plants are used for foods and for ornamental gardening. Plant copiously leafy, the leaves with broad blades, persistent. I. PERESKIEAE. Plants leafiess, or leaves obsolete or rudimentary, mere suc- culent seale-like deciduous structur Plants conspicuously jointed, Sono tes loosely so, the internodes (joints) relatively Short, more or less flat- ened: leaves mere thick deciduous scale-like structures: "ith ing a flat or more or less depressed umbilicus. II. OPUNTIEAE. Plants inconspicuously jointed, the internodes (joints) terete, grooved, or angled: leaves none se ete areolae without bristles, but spine-bear yp thium much prolonged beyond the hone pole iiem on the fruit or rotting off irregularly, or very short. 898 | OPUNTIACEAE Flower rotate: BUDE UM not prolonged: perianth of few sepals and petal III. RHIPSALIDEAE. Flower funnelform, ae etshaped, or narrowly eam- panulate: hypanthium much prolonged: perianth of numerous sepals and petals. IV. CEREEAE. I. SKIEAE Climbing or reclining plants. with broad leaves and a pair of reflexed spines at each areola which is devoid of bristles: flowers stalked. 1. PERESKIA. ree prostrate or with erect di liffusely branched temm with- ut a continuous terete ee seed glabrou 2. OPUNTIA. Plant with erect terete unjointed trunks: se ed pubescent. Trunk supporting dimonDhols branches, the lateral ones terete, the succeeding ones flat: hyptnthium short and teer corolla with narrow, loosely spreading petals: berry subglobose. 3. BRASILIOPUNTIA. Trunk supporting all flat irregularly placed branches: hypanthium elongate, flattened, resembling a small joint: corolla with broad, short, closely imbrieate petals: berry elongate. 4. CONSOLEA. RHIPSALIDEAE Pendent much-branched epiphyte with eae on flowers. 5. RHIPSALIS. IV. CER Stem and branches unequally a 5-angled, o ree berry DE scaly or spin ym nc rm caly and Ban the scales subtending tufts 6. SELENICEREUS. Hypanthium sealy or spiny, but not hairy Hypanthium scaly: berry more or ue clothed with broad scales: plant climbing with aerial roots. 1. HYLOCEREUS. FD D berry armed Hera clusters of pines: plant erect, diffuse, or reclin 8. ACANTHOCEREUS. Stem and “branches terete in outlin ie, no = less fluted . sealy at the base: Seu and cum iene Sud woe. berry with stout scale-bases and often tufts of hair. 9. HARRISIA. Flower narrowly campanulate: hypanthium short, naked at the base: pale and petals broad and short: berry naked and glabrou 10. CEPHALOCEREUS., 1. PERESKIA Plum. Woody and partly succulent vines with reclining or clambering stems and branches with spines at the -axils. Leaves alter- ate: blades broad, flat, entire, short-petioled. Flowers often panicled. Hypanthium depressed, smooth or scaly. Sepals narrow. Corolla rotate: petals relatively few and broad, white or colored, broader than the sepals. Stamens numerous. Berry pyriform to tia obose, translucent, sometimes scaly —About 20 species, tropical Ameri 1. P. Pereskia (L.) Karst. Stems and branches reclining or clambering, elongate, glabrous: leaf- bl ades ovate i lanceolate-elliptic, 4-9 em. long, often eute or abruptly pointed, coriaceous, rt- j ls white or ne rly s metimes yellowish or pin i poe "uu eio ee aoa l- 1.5 em. in di ameter, smooth i : seeds Tr mm. -in diameter. [P. aouleata il LEM a preserve and the leaves as a pot-herb. OPUNTIACEAE 899 2. OPUNTIA [Tourn.] Mill. Shrubs or trees, the trunk of fused joints, more or less irregular, usually widely or diffusely branched, the branches (joints) flat, armed at the areolae with solitary or clustered spines which arise from among clusters of bristles, or spineless. Leaves small, fleshy, thick scales, deciduous. Flowers large, at least relatively so, solitary or several on a joint. Hypanthium broadened bu) with areolae like the joints. Sepals fleshy, mostly green. Petals broad, usually broadened upward. Berries longer than thick, Men is upward, mostly fleshy. Seeds set eochleate, with ren edges and glabrous sides.—About 260 species, American. —Prickny. -PEARS. DEVIL’S PINCUSHIONS. TUNAS: DEVIL’S-TONGUES.—The fruits of prickly- pears are edible. They formed an important food-supply for dis aborigines, who also used the stems as food by roasting them. The fruits are much used for food in some countries to-day. In the following descriptions the color the spine is first stated for the immature stage, followed by the mature stage when dry and the mature stage when wet. Joints of the stem and of the branches loosely attachec, readily separating when shocked or touched, or even when blown by the wind, at least in the case of the smaller plants: fruits early deci Se ee of some species often propa- Spines aci icular, gray or salmon-colo red the frst T a hen dry. Longer spines of each areola solitary or paire ed, the rst year, when dry. I. CURASSAVICAE. Longer spines of each areola several, salmon-colored the first year, gray the secon nd vear, when dry. II. PISCIFORMES. Spines subulate, ivory- -white the first year, gray t second year, when dry III. TUNAE. Joints of the Sr ang of the branches firmly attached: d persisten nts glabrous; ines icular to elongate-subulate: Mn rigid, or ene: dealt: with few ae. Plants with spine-armed joints. ERU spines gray when ‘dry, at least in the econd year Mie ns ants. prostrate or erect and pd ofte Pur shy ; D gray, or white, or Sellos z the first ye , becoming gray at maturity, when nes bri ae yellow the first year, gray the secon Spines gr tie he oe Vi or white the first and gray the second. V. TORTISPINAE. Mature SE S adr ahe joints of the ain stem fused into a dM I. whieh divides above into a fev many pr Pe i red the first A E at maturity, when dry VI. AMMOPHILAE. Mature dd yellow, red, or red- br own when dry, cha nged from year to year, uniform, dis- peed Y. OCHROCENTRAE. d or ban Mature spines ee or slightly discolored, often stout and cluste red, sometimes curved, "Ma ely M eH and then No. hidden in the areola ot closely spirally twisted. VII. DILLENIANAE. IE Bm ed or red-brown, banded in our gia E Spay twisted. VIII. ELATIORES. Plants with un oe eee a thinnish, with persistent bristles the eolae: berries small, less than 5 ecm. ng. V. TORTISPINAE. Xoints thick and turgid, with deciduous or obso- lete br n in the areolae: berries large, over 5 em, IX. FICUS-INDICAE. Joints pubescent: spines setaceous, pliable: hypanthium with numerous areola X. LEUCOTRICHAE. 900 OPUNTIACEAE I. CURASSAVICAE Larger joints broad, obovate, oval, suborbicular, or sub- globose: spines setaceous -acicular, SP ionally long and slender: berry urceolate, tubercul Larger joints elliptic, linear- elliptic, spatulate, or sub- cylindric: spines acicular- u erry of a turbi- Has obovoid or clavate ty des ios dv subcylindric, tonis slightly m repand-tuberculate: berry narrowly turbinate clavate-turbinate Joints decidedly flattened although often quite turgid, n repand: ber obovoid to obconic-turbinate or clavate. Corolla Jenn: mad a deep-green: spines ark-g wly obovoid obconic- tur binate, e ‘than vice as long as Corolla bright-yellov : joints pale-green : spines mick gray: berry usate, over twice as long as thick. e III. Tux AE IV. OCHROCENTRAE Plants erect and diffusely branched, with rather narrow light-green joints: oe stout, DEBEO vellow in the first year, e in the seco TORTISPINAE Plants prostrate, the stem and branches often forming depressed mats or colonies of join Pla n not armed with spines. Joints Tg dd mueh longer than wide, thick or turgid: berry 4—6 c lo Joints | broad, itide jl noon than wide, usually thin- Joints dee T E berry clavate-obovoid or nar- rowly o Joints pea ceo berry obovoid: Plants a med, the spines mostly solitary in an are ola wid Joints dull, deco: green pe Dluishereens inner sepals not reniform: corolla 6 cm. wide or more: mature spines gray in the first and second years: inner petals longer than ide. Joints deep-green : berry clavate-obovoid or narrowly obconic: spines dark- E aran Joints raS oo erry oid: spines pale-gray, ut. io shining: SHOE sepals reniform: corolla m. wide or less: mature spines ivory-white “th first year, gray in the second: inner BI nearly or quite as wi E as long. ids joints narrow, ied SES ermediate sepals ovate; inus sepals merely ute: p RLM Minds Dod de seed usually less than Intermediate sepals io eme ep abruptly acuminate: berry clavate, constricted at t the base: seed 5 eter Plants erect, oa diffusely branched, sometimes forming thicke ts. Plants not armed with spines. 2. O . 0 O . 0 6. 0 T. O 8. O 9. O. 0. O 9. O . 0 11. O. 8. O 12. 0: abjecta. . Tracyi. . Drummondii. . impedita. . pisciformis. . eburnispina. . ochrocentra. . macrarthra. Opuntia. . Pollardi. . Opuntia. . Pollardi. atrocapensis. .macrarthra. lata. EN CCCUULULLCC IL C IL ON OPUNTIACEAE 901 Hypanthium elongate: leaves spreading and re curved: be erry oe adly obovoid, nearly or quite as ' wide as long eeds abou mm. in diameter. 13. O. turgida. Hypanthium Bn as wide as long: leaves ascend- e. erry ellipsoid-obovoid, D eee than vide: seeds about 6 min, in diam Plants. atta with single or EE pom at the are Mature. “spines ae year) gray, darker nd 14. O. polycarpa. gray the Meanie ee a mainly pale-vellow : und rounded at the base: seeds 6 mm. in diamet Young spines brown: berry narrowed, orien con- stricted at the base: seeds 4 mm. in diameter. Mature spines (first year) white, becoming gray the second year. Corolla 6-7 em. wide: spines fon e long: berry narrowly E 2.5-3.5 em. long. 16. O. austrina. Corolla 8- wide: SU ns 5- a long: berry Bod obovoid, 4-5 cn 17 14. O. polycarpa. 15. O. nitens. . 0O. cumulicola. VI. AMMOPHILAE Plants tree-like, the stout or stocky trunk divided above into few or na div ME branching joints, sometimes I like: gray-green, usually copiously armed. 18. O. ammophila. VII. DILLENIANAE Fn. Dodd e to acicular, rigid, spreading. olae VERE 4-13 short- subulate spines which s don exceed the bristles, the joints thus apparently unarmed: corolla campanulate or cupulate Areolae bearing 2-6 long spines which: much: exceed the bristles the joints thus conspicuously armed (in- dividuaily Me. unarmed): corolla rotate, n O. ter ra. 19. O. keyensis. Cor olla P "d anum and berry con- nd into a long slender base, thus decidedly elavate. Corola rotate: hypanthium and berry tracted into a long slender base. Berry M longer than thick, the 20. O. tenuiflora. not con- umbilicus Hpanthium long-turbinate or obconic-turbi- nate, much longer than its greatest diameter. All ME Me armed with a cluster of inteemedisite and inner sepals acute: be o more or less constricted at the ba seeds large, 5-6 dE 21. O. Dillenii. Intermediate and mnr sepals truncate ate: y not constricted e base: d eiat 3—4 mm. in du 22. O. Lindheimeri. po E ‘the: ae armed with 1, 2, or 23. O. stricta. 3 Hypanthium short-t urbinate or obovoid-turbi- 2 t ightly longer than the greatest a Outer s E E of a deltoid type; intermedi- ate sepals reniform or ee reniform, 7 rounded and minutely poi 24. O. Bentonii. 25 ^ Nn 2 VÀ D | N eo "zd a5 ge uz 2 3 £D bh te oO 2 = Rs 98 3 M n zi > .fP ty Ct O. tunoidea. ate, S long, the umbilicus convex. 26. O. turbinata. Spines diea setaceous, weak and pliable, sparse, reflexed or recurved. fn short, UE to orbicular-obovate, the larger 1-1.5 long: leaves subu ate, reeurved- ae ading. 27. O. cantabrigiensis. Joints elongate, elliptic, oval or narrowly obovate, the arger ones Dus 9 dm. long: leaves loosely ascending. 28. O. magnifica. 902 OPUNTIACEAE VIII. FSLATIORES Piana erect, but diffusely branched: spines banded: hypan hium broadly turbinate: berry broadly obovoid, not poet ie cd at the base. 29. O. zebrina. X. FICUS-INDICA Plants very robust, mo r less tree-like, the aa joints supported on the SUD terete trunk. most y abou dm long: corolla large, mostly 8-10 m wide: berry red or orange, said to be gome une: yello 30. O. Ficus-Indica. X. LEUCOTRICHAE Plants erect, often with the joints of the main stem fused into a trunk, the older parts especially, clothed with white hair-like | bristles : joints with numerous, rather close-set ar : hypanthium with numerous areolae : berry Sea 31. O. leucotricha. almost bare limestone some sand and humus has collected, very irregularly branched, often ih a tuber ou S: ints suborbieular, Wer mo subilobose oval or bro adl y obovate, mos ly 4-8 em. long, very thick, frequently very turgid, lght-green, often much- branched, loosely attached to oS other : leaves ovoid to conic-ovoid, 2- ong, ir] and slightly curved ieee mo green r purplish, aecompanied by fine bristles, but without he areolae not very conspicu us: nes Mun iios solitary, Pu : O. a Small. R oo often growing in large irregular patches , the larger ones 2 flowers usually solitary on a join yp th t e: sepal een, the outer , subulate-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, acute: corolla light-yellow, 2.5-3.5 em. wide; petals few, obovate, usually minutely pointed: berry urceolate, 2-2.5 cm. long, somewhat tuberculate, red or purple-red, rounded 2 bei base, the a relatively ve ad, coneave: seeds qu flattish —H , S end of Big Pine Key, Fla g fruit in their native haunts, they Te thus far failed to ios in euin za- tio more diminutive; t epos narrowly ellipsoid to narrowly cylindric, more or less ttened, 2.5—8 em. long or longer and wo cien. bright-green, very loosely m | 2. O. Tracyi Britton. Plant similar to that of O. Drummondti, but usually int nthiu ur the outer subulate, dic iude triangular, the i d edd corolla bright-yellow, nearly similar to t b of O. DOT rry narrowly turbi- nate to cla Maas rbinate, 3-4 em. long, purple, the un E depressed: seeds few, 5-5.5 mm. in diameter, Mrd —Sand-dunes and sandy woods near the coast, NE Fla. and S E Ga. to Mis O. Drummondii Graham. Plant prostrate, diminutive a scattered in the sa and, or diffusely sprawling, sometimes forming depressed mats by the copious branching and hanging together by the armament, E po ellipsoid, OPUNTIACBAE | 903 usually narrowly so, or slightly ups eid the middle or ou it, thick turgid and ong, li reen o Ong, ascending and Ru recurved, green, unaccompanie i Pied es: spines slender-subulate, Pon or r 4 together, pi ink, reddi a e red, at maturity Bray, often dark-gray, RUN the sometimes d Ier tip, when dry, E en "e nearly terete: 1 rs usually solitary on a joint an | mm. Ee acute or ‘acuminate, intermediat ML E. to rhombie- ovate, acuminate, the inner orbie ovate above the broad elaw-like base m. long, abruptly deni co NADA lemon- wallow . wide: a few, broadly obovate, truncate and emarginate at the apex and mucronate: anthers fully 2 mm. long: berry narrowly obovoid to bd uim te, 2.5—3.5 em. long, reddish purple, the umbilieus coneave: seeds few, turgid, about 5 mm. in diameter. [O. frustulenta Gibbes. O. Pes. Corvi LeCont te |—Sand- dunes and pinelands, outer part of Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.— This and the next preceding species are so thor roughly disguised in eonneetion with their habitats that the loosely artieulated joints are frequently to be found adhering to one's clothing before they are noticed on the ground. O. impedita Small. Plants closely prostrate, ultimately eop oey branched, the joints often m alti uo. eep and forming viciously armed mats elliptic or nea ny SO ur 7-15 em. long, rather thick, light- Ee n: leaves stout-subulate, 4-6 mm. long, Ue or RUD e ightly cu rved upward, dark- green, unaccompanied 2 PR d p or spines: spines sto outish, usually numerous, solitary o together, pale-gray, Rip ept t the nom at the eR. when ay, Pris colored a faintly banded when wet: flowers often ral on hypanthium ug nearly terete and even: sepals green, PANE pos ps to ovate, 4—8 mm. long, acum the inner inate ueh larger, with the shoulders of the ud D ad body nar rrowed into the oues tip: Me bright-yellow, 4.5—5.5 em. wide; petals several, about 12, about 2.5-3 long, broadly obovate to cuneate-obovate, broadly rounded m. long at the apex, pesto mueronate; anthers nearly 2 rr Nui is 3 : , rounded at the c the umbilieus bu small, a ave: seeds rather few, 4—4.5 mm. in diameter [By e or first published a "0. eda: |—Sand- a E Plain, N E Fla BN C. 5. O. pisciformis Small. Plant prostrate, copiously branched 2 rming dense : o sib | s ary or 2 or 3 together, S cream-colored becoming salmon colored and gray vith a dark tip when dry, salmon when wet, the longer o 5—6 . long: a numerous: hypanthium turbinate, angular and no 02 sepals green, the outer un to triangular-lanceolate, 9-12 mm. long, acuminate, vide: 3-4 em. long, broadly cuneate, mostly trun cate a emarginate at the apex, E anthers nearly 2 mm. long: berry broadly turbinate-obovoid, 3.5—4 long, pu "ple, o) i the Mora the uus deeply concave: seed e numerous, 5-5.5 mm. in dian —Sand-du unes, estuary of ‘the Saint Johns River, Fla. — This p the x punctus species are vigorous growers and loose- -jointed, This combination causes plants to form disorderly masses of joints often a foot high. O. eburnispina Small. Plant prostrate, widely } branched and foni ing m on the dune sands, with tuberous roots: joints oval or suborbicular, 2l 904 OPUNTIACEAE to broadest above the middle, thiekish, 6-13 em. us "E green, AE shining, especially when young: leaves ovoid-subulat mm. long, pale in we obeonie: sepals triangular, gre -7 mm. long: en yellow, 4-5 cm. wide; petals few, narrowly cuneate, often minutely pointed: anthers nearly 1.5 mm. long: berry obovoid, about em. long, E s dee depressed: seed few, 3-3.5 mm. in diameter, flatti ie Coa ands, Romano Island, Fla.—The numerous ivory-white s dd ER a the green joints render patches of the plants very conspie 7. O. ochrocentra Small. Plant erect, 1 m. tall or less, much-branched, some- mes more or less diffuse, with coarse fibrous or somewhat swollen roots: j lo armed: spines 5-6 together or sometimes fewer on new joints, yellow, becom- ing gray sion dry, yellowish-green when wet, straight, the longer ones 4.5—5 rather few: hypanthium tu rbinate or obovoid-turbinate: sepals often purple tinged, deltoid to Mas orbieular or rhombic-reniform aeute: pec bright lemon-yellow, 7-8.5 e vide, Modul rotate: pe ale few, Ped ate to obovate, notehed at the apex or r with a minute tip: anthers about mm e berry obov a 2-3.5 em. long, ed p! red- purple some- ia. slightly eonstrieted at the base: see eds T numerous, 2.5-3 m ong.—On edge of hammock, S E e nd of Big Pine Key and Cape Bu. Tia. 8. O. macrarthra Gibbes. Plant prostrate, the young growth sometimes ascending, rather sparingly branched, but seldom forming mats, conspicuous on account of its long, thick, smooth un with fibrous roots: joints ellip- tie to broadly linear, sometimes broadened upward, mostly 15—35 em. long, very thick, shining, light-green: leaves ovoid-subulate, green, 5-8 mm. long, c-ova bright- yellow, 6- T. em. wide; petals broadly cuneate- be te to obovate, 3-3.5 ong, rounded — the apex, mucronate, broad at the base: anthers abóut 2 ong: berry narrowly obovoid or clavate-obovoid, 4-6 cm. long, red or red- S the umbilicus concave: seeds relatively few, 4—4.5 mm. in diameter, flattish.—Sand-dunes, eoast of S. C. and N. C. . O. Opuntia (L.) Karst. ay prostrate, the new growth sometimes ascend- ing, with fibrous roots, 0 ofte orming extensive bright-green mats: joints oe eter to forbids or ellipt ie, 5-18 em. long, deep-green, often som what shin ing: leaves stout-subulate, 5-7 mm. long, often purple- tinged, ase ending, eed straight, usually unaccompanied by spines: areolae incon- spicuo spines when pr ag pinkish, becoming dark-gray when dry, dark brown hen und hypanthium obconie, somewhat angled: sepals mostly green, the outer subulate to lanceolate, -9 mm. ong, aeute, or abruptly sharp- tipped, the intermediate ovate-lanceolate, E the inner rhombic- obovate, abruptly pointed: corolla rotate, bright-yellow or sometimes reddish at the center, 5-8 em. wide: petals few, 8-10, broadly obovate 2 euneate-obovate, about 3—4 em. long, rounded or emarginate and e at the apex, mueronate; anthers 2.5-3 mm. long: berry narrowly obovoid * iu obovoid, 2,5-5 em. long, red or purple-red, the umbilicus concave: seeds 4—5 OPUNTIACEAE 905 mm. in diameter.—(ATLANTIC PRICKLY-PEAR.)—Sandy or rocky places, edd us Prodi omm Plain only N; Ga. to Ala. N. Y. and Mass. Has bee eon eee with O. vulgaris Mill., a South American plant. 10. O. Pollardi Britton & Rose. Plant prostrate, forming irregular mats, somewhat tuberous: joints dag nities or oval, varying to broadly obovate, brian m d 10-15 cm. long, r sometimes el deep-green cape the r les s glaucous se ae dull: leaves ovoid, 3 . long, t or MORSU. sightly ue deep-green, unaccompanied pe bristles 2E spines: areolae rather conspicuous, much scattered, some of the upper ones, at least, usually arm cg. EC ae usually solitary, yellowish or pinkish, "pecomin pale-gray at ma EC when dry, n-brown when wet: hypanthium obovoid LE Hoa obovoid, uneven: ps RCM reen, the outer d to pen sep 2-12 m ong, aeute, the "inner euneate-obovate, abruptly pointed or ro- nate: cori ET, em. i ars yellow: petals fex ew, 7—10, inni once broadly so, 2.5-3 cm. long, notehed and often BI at the apex: b ab: 1.5-2 mm. lon s peus obovoid, d AL purple, the mbilieus concave: seeds sometimes rather numero n diameter, turgid le sand-dunes, and rarely oak ood. bur Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Del eei he atrocapensis Small. Plant diffusely prostrate, ineine assurgent at tip, much-branched, the dec ir branehes with fibrous (?) roots: joints ed elliptie, or proa ae oval, ne ^ was ng, deep-green, sometimes shin- ing, not glaucous: tout-su bul long: aen small, often med: spines TUM celina, light- S Pond ng white or finally gray rem dry, straw-colored and often brown-mottled when wet, the longer ones 2—3.9 em. long: hypanthium obconic, 2—2.5 em. long, nearly even, iiu at the base: sepals green, the outer ovoid to triangular-lanceolate, 3-7 mm. long, wide: petals few, 8— o o to suborbieu! ar, 2-3 em. long, rounded or notched t at the apex, crisped, d: t mucronate, rounded or truncate at the base: anthers nearly 2 mm En : be ce: Hie obovoid, c em. long, reddish- purple, many-seeded, the ‘ambili 2 a E seeds 3-3.5 mm. in diameter, flat.—Sand-dunes, Cape Sable, F 12. O. ipd eie ee be often radially branched, sometimes form- eti ing mats eter across, the tips of the branches sometimes assu rie with ee cord Jike n “joints elliptic to Edu obovate, often na ro nei so, thick, 0.4—1.5 dm. long, deep-green, sometimes glaucous, ier n young: s subulate, 6—11 mm. long, j^ een or purple-tinged: areolae senttered often conspicuous, der aen very prominent and densely bristly, the arginal o ones, at least, armed: spines slen aoe dini or 2 together, D pal md um = or a banded, at pred gray o arly w white when ary, stramineous when : hypant hium obeonie to ns ES sepals green, the p subulate m on acute, the intermediate lanceolate to tanga. age eo- o E npe the inner rhombic, abruptly acuminate: corolla 7—9 vide; peta als rather numerous, the outer broadly Cue Bil the inns "ns broadly o to flabellate or ee A erose at the broad minutely mucronate ag nthers abou ny mm. long: berry clavate, 5-6.5 meee red or red-purple, many- pe e umbilicus concave: seeds. about 5-6 in diameter —Pinelands, lime- a fon Fla. 13. O. turgida Small. Plant erect, more or less diffusely branched, 0.5 m. tall or a with fibrous roots: joints elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 5-12 em. long, thickish, deep-green, o slightly glaucous when youne dba. subulate, 6-10 mm. long, spreading and more or less recurved, green, sometim aecompanied by fine bristles, but without spines: areolae i often 906 OPUNTIACEAE po us bei pn i older joints: spines (as far as known) ing: often several a joint: hypanthium obovoid or obconic- 22 , 2— > Be m. long, slightly: ‘tuberclea: eun diee or LE tinged, the outer uid to lanceolate, ong, acute, rho p c-ovate, 1.5 em. long, stout-poi ed UE bri i A US5- 6.5 wide: petals 10—12, about 3 em. long, broadly euneate, abruptly narrowed., oa or subtruncate at the apex, mucronate: anthers 2 mm. long: berry obovoid, 2—2.5 em. long, greenish-purple, even, broadly rounded at the ee the umbili- lit e he midd Hh e m diamet Halifax River to the St. Mary’s River, Fla. 14. O. polycarpa Small. Plant erect, 1 m. tall or less, copiously and diffusely branehed, often in large colonies or patches: joints elliptie, narrowly in a elliptic or sometimes broadly so, more or less be E 1-4 dm. long, bright-green: leaves subulate, 3-7 mm. long, or so es longer, TE and more or less curved upy ward, often purple- ii poros nied by very fine bristles, with or withou spines: areolae seattered, often prominently ristly: spines, when p r n e- late, 6—15 mm. long, acute, the intermediate lanceolate, the inner nearly or quite as wi ide as long, more or less rhombic, sometimes broadly shouldered and nar- poe a as NU tip: corolla bright-yellow, 6.5-7.5 em. wide; petals about dei th long, purple or reddish-purple, even, rounde d or slightly bords at the um the umbilieus flattish and shallowly pitted at the center: seeds, numerous, about in diameter, rather wide-margi ned, somewhat aoe ae —Coastal eue from the mouth of the Saint John's River to the Halifax Rives and o reed islands of the Cape Romano region, also locally in the interior, Fla. 15. O. nitens Small. Plant 1 m. tall or less, more or bd Ep spreading, with long fibrous roots: joints mostly o obovate, 6—15 em. long, thickish, rur not glaucous, shining, sometimes sli ghtly i twist ed: eee short-subulate, 3-5 mm. long, ascending: areolae often prominent on account of the a coarse bristles, mostly armed: spines solitary or 2—4 together, brown with a light tip, becoming dark-gray with a brown tip when dry, most of the longer ones 2-3 cm. long: flowers dually several to a joint: hypanthium E about 3 em. long: sepals green, dd outer subulate or lanceolate to triangular- lanceolate, 6-16 mm. long, the inner rhombic ee to broadly rhombic-cuneate, 1.5-2 em. lon ng, all acute: corolla light-yellow, rotate, 5.5-6.5 em. wide; petals br Ed euneate-obovate, 2.5-3 long, roun n e piae at the apex, mueronate, rather broad at the po e: anther 2.5 long: berry elavate-obovoid, about 4 em. long, purple, the PEN like bce much shorter than the body, the umbilicus concav umerous, about 4 m n diam- eter, very turgid.—Hammocks, on shell- ida along the dona cu of the Ha lifax River, Fla. O. austrina Small. Plant erect, 1 m. tall or less, irregularly branched, tuberous: joints broad, bo al or subo dp varying to obovate e elliptie, thinnish, 5-10 e eu) or rarely longer, deep-green or bright-green: leaves stout- subula te, 4—7 mm ong ascending, usually aecompanied by spines; green or pp. inged: areo olae r prominent, the in and upper ones usually armed: spines slender- oa yellowish or reddish, at maturity white or light- n when d pale-brown when wet, solitary or 9 ccm. hypan- OPUNTIACEAE 907 thium obovoid-turbinate, 2.5—3 cm. long: sepals green, the outer did ^ o OV lanceolate, 7-14 mm. long, acute, the intermediate lanceolate t ate, s acuminate, the b r onis ovate, Mae y acuminate: coro olla ape broad, light-yellow, or sometimes very pale; petals few, the outer FAR emarginate and abru REA Mone, the inner Poe rounded and minutely pointed at the se anthers about 2 mm. long: berry narrow ly obovoid, 2.5—3.5 em. long, purple: seeds numerous, 2.5—4.5 mm. in diameter, very w. — Pine- lands, S pen. Fla 7. O. cumulicola Small. Plant similar to that of O. austrina, but more ds and larger throughout: joints eee Ld Or m 9-30 ess long, thick, bright-green: leaves subulate, 5-11 long, more or e. areolad plore most » marginal, nearly "un often armed: spine stout-acicular, usually solitary, if 2, the additional one ver y small, light PH low, EE s -gray or whitish. when dry, light-brown when w et: coroll: mostly 8-11 broad, deep-yellow; petals r poe ee the outer cuneate- euer truncate or quent i m and pointed, the inner flabellate and firi unded at about 2s mm. lo Ong: punt peel po MUN pt per um concave: seeds numero Don very turgid.—Coastal End -dunes, S pen. Fla. 8. O. gn oe Plant erect, more or Es Deed aug be or ultimately w with a m 1-2 m. tall or more, becoming 1-2.5 dm. in diameter, bearing several spreading branches at the to op, con tree- like, Ho en tuber ous: joints various, those of the main stem elongate, ultimately fused at the n and subeylindric, ose of the branches n obovate or cuneate, ing to ud or oval, e sh, 0.5-1.7 dm. long, becoming gray-green: leaves stout- uera , 6-10 m m. long, To or asce e E purple- tinged: areolae re lativ vely numero nspieuous on of the densely crowded done bristles, p ly on the ol der Joints, the a ones, at least, armed: i very slender, solitary or ag es reddish or red, at maturity gray, mostly 2-6 cm. long, n early t seareely spirally twisted: ia rud al on a Ls the buds Eos poin ated: hypanthium turbi- 3-3.5 em. long, more or less Ap pi -ridged, with dbi 1 areolae, the seals lax or eer pers green or purple-tinged, the outer lanceolate, 8-16 mm. long, acute, the Bm o lanceolate to n shor the inner rhombie to broadly rhombie-e d abruptly pointed: eor eM bright-yellow, 5-8 em. wide; Us Brodit neate, euneate-obovate or obovate, mds or ge EUN a ue DEOR ntly mueronate, even or obseurely eros nthers 3— ong: berry obovoid, 2-3 em. long or rarely some what a o with edi -purple, tubereulate, CN juicy, the umbilieus eoneave: seeds numerous, about 4 n diameter, narrowly margined, ens turgid.— (SCRUB Ce a ab, pun Fla.— This plant reaches its maximum development in the c George region s inum Bartram observed it there in his e. However, in recording it in his nar- rative he confused the vegetative parts of this crue and the large pu of the A RUM pear of the coastwise Ene "e O. Tey Britton. Plant erect, much-branched, sometimes oe mps 3 m. tall, with long fibrous roots: joints elliptie, oval, obovate, or spat T ge l- - dm . long, bright-green: din eonie-subulate or narrowly e ied 2—4 . lon ending, straight or nearly so, green, accompanied by incon- En ‘bristles, bat without spines: Mcr rather conspicuous, poss relatively large and prominent, apparently unarmed: spines stout, 4-13 together, very aren short, mostly hidden in the bristles, pink, at maturity salmon-colored, some- S y , Sli f T ned: buds short-pointed: flowers solitary o r 3 on & joint: sepals green, the outer deltoid to subreniform, aeute or iod Or pem pointed, inter- 908 OPUNTIACEAE mediate ones somewhat ce the inner E Ta psi pointed: ues salmon-colored, E -like or short-campanulate, 3-3.5 wide; petals r f SOUL. undulate, scarcely, i all, nate: anthers about berry obovoid, 4—6 cm. long, s slightly eon at the base, dc umbili- oe elds the edge, depressed i e middle: seeds numerous, about 5 in ter.—Hammocks and MAE pora dunes, Florida Keys and Cape Sable er) e Cape Romano region, Fla. O. tenuiflora Small. Plant partly d 1 m. tall or less, usually much- TA ched and decumbent and diffuse, with coarse fibrous roots: joints spatulate to elliptic-spatulate, or narrowly elliptie j MUS 1.5—£ dm. long, i cara pid green and often pui glaueous: leaves ovoid i ovoid- o , 9-3. 5m long, Spr reading o ing, a ed by short spin a not very nspicuous, mos P s spines mostly 3-6 Nd pale-yellon, becoming sord dy ellow when dry pale-brown or dica tinged with when wet, curved, the longer s 2-5 em. long: flowers few Sip a “clavate, 44.5 em. long, pr omer “ridged and tubercu e. with a — dud -like pad RE Tru B. ird deltoid, to broadly reniform and with lateral wings o shoulder ong acute, the inner o e m p rh UN ‘obovate, r - campanu ; petals obovate cm. long, rounded or truncate at the apex, mucronate, slightly ele at the ase: nus about 2.5 mm. long: berry ind rab ate, 6—7 cm. long, pu D. the stipe-like base nearly or S. as long a ody, the umbilicus coneave eds numerous, 3-3.5 mm. long. uide den us Florida Key 21. O.Dillenii (Ker) Haw. Plant n ond striet Ka wu) branehed or much-branched and sometimes diffus sometimes 2 m. tall and often siege tree-like, with stout fibrous E joints elliptic to o. or oval, o 1- : dm. lon ng, tight green, eens glaucous: leaves lu e 2-5 long, scending, str i d or nearly e PE green, accompanied by bristles D without spines: ee E^ ote but conspicuous, mostly armed: spines stoutish, clustered, usu ally 3-6 obe. flattened, often curved, pale- re, at n rity dee s yellow eae LAE ordid when d paler yellow when : flowers everal on a joint: hypanthium narrowly obconie, 4.5—5.5 em. long, lightly ridged, not uc at the De sepals green, de pue o to pios gular or deltoid, 3-9 mm. long, wingless or obscurely winged, acute; the in orbicular- reniform to rhombie-reniform, 1.5-2 em. long, abr ee oid: corolla yellow, salmon, or reddish, rotate, 6-8 em. wide; petals rather few broadly obovate to cuneate-flabellate, 3.5-4.5 em. long, M p usually notched at the apex, decidedly narrowed at the base: anthers abou mm. long: berry pyriform, 5-8 cm. long, or sometimes dip purple, narrowed to the base, the umbilicus flattish with a depressed center: seeds numerous, 5—6 mm. in diameter, turgid.—Hammocks, along or near the a tidal hammocks, and coastal sand- dunes, pen. Fla., adj. islands and Florida Keys.— (W. I., Merx.) indheimeri Engelm. Plant robust, 3 m. tall or less, often widely Pn ‘throughout, € thus for ming a large 'shrub with coarse fibrous roots: i Run ng, mucronulate, dark-green near the er; inner sepals cuneate- late, m ucronate, thin-edged: corolla rotate, oe w; petals about 10, the fete broadly obovate, 4-5 em. long, the inner scarcely as broad as the outer, OPUNTIACEAE 909 all notehed B ie rather thin-edged and erisped, contracted at the base: anthe 9-3 mm. long: berry pyriform, varying to obov is or nearly a rS em. den ng, purple, the umbilicus somewhat depressed: seeds ous, 3-4 mm. in diameter, very turgid.—Pinelands especially about old orate and homesteads, pen. Fla. Nat. of Tex. and "Me 23. O. stricta Haw. Plant erect, but po diffusely much- gue 1-3 m. tall: joints eA re ies obovate, rather thick, mostly 1- ong, somewh iat glau ? leaves ahaa, mostly 5-7 mm. C 207 oung s n e 1 dm. wide; petals mostly 8-10, the outer cuneate-obovate, the inner obovate, BUM p oe about 2.5 mm. long: berry pyriform or obovoid- e, 5-7.5 ong, purple, the AE ue seeds rather r numerous, L5 Er em. in eee flattish.—Shell mounds, kitchenmiddens, ae riginal village sites, Fla. and S E Ga.—(F. 1)—Th is ad es, ext follow species are two of the prickly-pears the early Spanish records tell us the PRS feasted on = three months of each year and also cured, like figs, for food when out of seaso 24. O. Bentonii Griffiths. px i. but ultimately diffusely or widely branehed, mostly less than 1 m. tall, t tuberous: joints broadly spatulate, i thi e stly ht : le S spre eadin ng, braight or a urved, no mpanied by zac. and onl obscurely bus the base: sreclae rather voe cnt r more numerous ee the edges m n on the faces of the e joints, few of the upper marginal ones or joints individually Ban. spines slender, solitary, or 2 or 3 to- m er and sometimes with several shorter ones, pale-yellow, at maturity deeper- arly e ong, glaucous: sepals green, DT e the center and the tips, the outer broadly ovate "delto; , 5-10 m mm. de aeute, the nce renifor rm or | de d i middle: seeds numerous, in meter, ' slightly peice une ux thi a margined.—Pinelands and n du on near the coast, N Fla. o Tex. O. tunoidea Gibbes. Plant Mr but ultimately diffusely and widely bra nched, 2 m. tall or less, the ts not tuberous: joints broadly spatulate, Oboe ‘elliptic. or oval mostly 13 dm. long, thiek or pir pas thinnish, bright-green and mo m glaucous: leave es stout-subulate dn Bu . long o rarely longer, eed straight or m LR recurved, not accom um ied by o whe 1-3 em. long, st er Or peus curved: pee rS Rr ry 0 r few on E E. int, Ho: hypanthium short-turbinate or er; as coals green, the outer 910 OPUNTIACEAE reniform, 4-8 mm. long, di dal pointed, the intermediate papilionaceous, the inner flabellate-euneate, emarginate and mucronate: corolla bright- yellow, 6.5-8 em. wide, rotate; petals few, LM outer s oneal the inner | Spi eR obovate, all toothed, emarginate, mueronate: anthers 2.5-3 m on ae globose- obovoid, 4. 5-6 em. long, pu E. ie umbilieus elo ue eeds numerous, 5-6 mm. in em turgid, thick-margined.—Coastwise sand- ce Ga. (N E Fla.?) to N. C. 96. O. turbinata Small. Plant erect, but diffuse, less than 1 mm. tall, much- branched, Us th stout fibrous roots: joints oval, suborbieular or rr 1-1.5 dm. lon ng; light-green and cdd very thick: leaves ovoid, about 3 mm. long, areolae rather prominent, mostly armed: spines solitary or 2-5 together, pale- hoa "i "bright yellow, uae sordid uae when dry, dark-brown when wet, e longer ones 2-3 cm. long: hypanthium turbinate: EO green, the outer deltoid: ae acute, tlie intermediat e orbieular:o vate, the inner somewhat reni- form and broadl pointed: corolla light- -yellow 5-55 em. wide; petals euneate S Rad minutely pointed: berry globose- jm 3.0—4.0 em. long, pu urple, mbilieus convex: seeds numerous, about 4.5-5 mm. in diameter, very 1 P —Coastal sand-dunes, N E Fla. to Ga. cantabrigiensis pln 1. Plant erect, 1 m. tall or less, b iuh ey it hypanthium obovoid, green: corolla yellow, or some s red in the center, rotate, puri 5—6 em. wide: berry globose-obovoid or ERA 3.5—4.5 em. long, purple: seeds numerous, 3—4 mm. long, somewhat turgid.—Coastal na dunes about Beaufort, N. C. Nat. of Mex 28. O. magnifica Small Plant 2 m. tall or less, more or less widely branched and diffuse, with thick fibrous roots: joints elliptic, oval, or narrowly obovate, 2—5 dm. long or more, dw UA thin, more or less twisted, blu and glaucous: leaves subulate, 6-8 mm. long, usually loosely ascending: areolae ine y slender, even l 2 or 3 together ale yellow a wet, d longer ones 1.5 em. long: dde not jl ooie e usually several to a joint: hypanthium obconic, 5.5-7 cm. long, green or some- | times purple-tinged: eae mostly green, outer Schule te to triangular: lanceolate, S-20 mm. long, the inner rhombie ovate or rhombie-obovate, 2.5-3 em. long, al acute or somewhat acuminate: grs olla deep-yellow, d ies r e ide; petals 12 fewer, broadly-obovate to ieular-obova 4— long, rounded at apex, mueronate, slightly narrowed th broad bs anthers linear, 4—5 mm. eng: pu obeonie-turbinate, 8.5-9.5 em. long, purple, the umbilieus "flat or n nearly so: seeds about 3 mm. in diameter, very numerous. —Pinewoods and bluffs, m Island, Fla. 29. O. zebrina Small. Plant erect, more or less branched throughout, fully ] m. tall, or less, the roots fibrous: joints oval or obovate, En a 1-2 dm. long, deep-green, sometimes o ade d E At ted: leave conie- j mm. long, or oid, upward, bright-green, unaccompanied "by ns tles or spines eolae scattered, some rey usually the lower ones, unarmed, the D ones Tuna ux 3 > ^ n RM or r ely me gether ba mici Mh Es ry, paler or salmon- and less eonspieuously banded when wet, nearly terete, closely ied tw isted, flowers few, sometimes several on a OPUNTIACEAE 911 joint: hypanthium E or turbinate-obovoid, about 4 em. long: E green, the outer laneeolate to deltoid, aeute, the intermediate rhombie-obovate, acumi- nate, the inner rhombic eunest or broadly cuneate, ab ‘uptly po bn corolla rich-yellow, rotate, 6-8 em. wide; petals about 8, the outer obovate-cuneate, the inner broadly obovate, all un 2 la te, emarginate or notched at the apex and mucronate: anthers 2-28 mm. long: berry “broa adly obovoid, a constricted at the base, mostly 5-6 em. long, pos purr the re very broa 2 pus s the edges and somew d. depressed in the middle: seeds nume diameter or rarely larger—Coastal sand- d Rio ham e onum d Keys, Cape Sable, and Ten Thousand EM Fla. 30. O. Ficus-Indica (L.) Mill Plant bd. un tree-like, 4 m. A or Pus the early joints dE fusing to for ick trunk whi ch suppor regu- arly spreading heavy branches: are POE varying to sligh Jud bo above the middle or quits it, thick, mostly 3-4 dm. long, ae peeved rigid areolae small, with yellow ish bristles a white wool: spin anting, cea- sionally and irre is pu t develo ope e and ee puse pale, bs ma iu od c D nearly te : flowers usually several on a joint rolla yellow, 8—10 vide: berries obovoid, ET Or eod (said to be ae ur yellow), 5—9 -o seeds 3.5—4.5 dia —Old fields, roadsides, and waste- T Fla. Naturalized Ton "ond plants. The ud home is not known. 3l. O. leucotricha DC. Plant stout, 5 m. tall or less, widely branched above, with stout fibrous roots: joints olliptic, ie or subo rbicular, mostly 1-2 dm lon ng, often a and narrowed in the n stems, t innish, minutely pubes- cent, gray-gre eolae nu oe closely set, armed: spines 3-5 i dol when young, deus dn. many as 19, very unequal, pani ng Rs , par e o id- 2.5-3.5 em. long, with ma E areolae bearing clusters of spines: sepals bei e outer pe -l4 mm. long, with curve acuminate tips, the P rhombic- a. e, slender- -acuminate, the inner with obovate, oval, or orbicular- o bodies which are abruptly narrowed into hei tips: Cor. perpe 7.5-9 em. wide; petals broadly cuneate or cuneate- obovate, 3—4 cm. long, rou nded at the a apex and mucronate: anthers fully 2 mm. long: ber ry short. obovoid or pug obovoid, 4—6 em. long, yellow, or sometimes paler or red, y pubescent, the hair-like spines fugaceous.—(DURASNILLA. AARON ’S-BEARD ee E A W side of Saint Lucie Sound, Fla. N of Mex.—Naturalized in the hammock 2 Vd Ft. Pierce from plants taken 3. BRASILIOPUNTIA &mall. Trees, more or less shrub-like in the early stages, with terete trunks and dimorphie d the lateral often hori- zontal ones terete like the trunk, spiny, supporting flat, dilated, leaf- ae rela- tively thin branchlets. Leaves small, stout, early deciduous. Spin S various, elustered on the trunk and branches, often solitary on the ya Nen Flowers relatively small, sometimes numerous. Hypanthium stout, with bristly areolae. Sepals broad. Petals relatively narrow, often spatulate. Berry globose to clavate, juicy. Seeds few or solitary, relatively large, woolly.—Three ee South American.—Interpreted under this generic name as a subgen Schumann. 1. B. brasiliensis (Willd.) Haw. Plant erect, tree-like, tall or more, or often much smaller, with a terete BPO tapering CE m in mature 912 OPUNTIACEAE plants supports terete spreading branches, ong, clear-green or light Lau) t LM unaccompanied by bristles spines, deciduous; areolae small, minutely white- BUS. those of the stem, branehes, joi so: corolla lemon-yellow, mos em wi b E to oval 2.5-4 E lon ng, light-yellow, the areolae conspieuous on a of the tufted nod bristles, the ambiens slightly concave in the middle: seeds 7 eter. puntia asiliensis Haw. |—Hammocks, woes pe donus Or oc- easionally in waste-places, pen. Fla. and the Keys. Nat. of E S. A. CONSOLEA Lemaire. Shrubs or small trees, the main stems runk ultimately a continuous terete or flattened shaft more or less uds armed with acicular, clustered, often greatly elongate reflexed spines, the branches flat, Mn p di a y spiny joints more or less irregularly spreading. heu. very small puc scales. owers relativ d all, commonly severa a on int. Hypanthium somewhat elongate, more or less flattened, usually s oni often numerous areolae. Sepals broad. Petals broad, often of an obovate type. Berry more or less elongate, enlarged upward, fleshy. Seeds flattened with cristate edges and hairy sides.—Eight species, West Indian and the following. C. E AS Small. Plants tree-like, 2 m. tall or less, or ultimately ed ight green: stem (trunk) erect, arising tn coarse fibrous roots, strict, copi- sly and br etl armed, elliptic or ova Ho -section: leds numerous, each vih a a cluster of 5—9 spines: spines salmon-colored when oe Tight. ay when mature and dry, darker n wet, acicular, one of each areola much od than t he others, often 7—12 em. long: joints arising from the top or near Pu to; of the stem or trunk, elliptie or ; thin, the lar ones 2-3 cm. , all eopi- ously armed, the spines similar to those of the trunk, but s maller: oe wers rather numer- 3 lo = thick, th mo less renifor hinner, abruptly pointed: a bright- ^ obovate to orbicular-obo- vate, 1 cm. lo ong oi or less: i. with an obovoid base: berry obovoid or clavate- obovoi d, 2.5—5 em. long, yellow, with spreading spines, the umbilicus deeply concave: seeds rd irregular, 7-9 mm. in diameter— Hammocks, Key Largo and Big Pine Key, Fla. All year. mud plant P5 several unusual character- istics. The flat branches are ine elin ed to grow e plan om the trunk, hence the name semaphore-cactus; the unfertilized me de to a vegeta- tive branch; the berries are frequently proliferous. OPUNTIACEAE 913 5. RHIPSALIS Gaertn. Sueculer hrubs, sometimes with aerial fibrous roots. Main stem woody, the imei terete, but heteromorphie, v succulent. Leaves obsolete or minute scales. Are mé scattered. Flowers di for the family, diurnal and nocturnal. Hypanthium short-campanulate or hemispheric, naked, not A dd: beyond the De Sepals very broad. Petals few, broad, white our species. Stamens few. chi erect: SERM E stout. Berry white, as thick long or nearly so, smooth.—About 50 species, nm tropieal American. assutha Gaertn. Plants in much-branched lm m.), P ue d r 4—8 i d von areolae with 5-9 deciduous bs flowers sessile: seals Podio to ovate-reniform, about 1 mm. long or less: petals white, bas Or petis. var X. to Mbps Or obovate, about 3 mm. long: dare ys ong: berry globose or oval varying to ovoid or obovoid, 4-5 mm. in di -— oe -CACTUS. MISTLETOE-CACT US.) — Hammocks, —All Bverglade Keys, d "Fla —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)—Nat. in the O. W- yea 6. SELENICEREUS Brittón & Rose. Succulent shrubs with angled or ridged, trailing, sometimes, creeping, clam ering, or climbing stems and branches, the angles or ridges supporting separated areolae, each of which has o n stered spines. Leaves obsolete. Flowers nocturnal, showy, a m an areola. Hypanthium clavat Mi ng fro an hairy. Sepals dier often green or yellow, very marrow. Po tals white, broader than the sepals. Berry oval, varying to ovoid or obovoid, or sub- globose, armed with clusters of deciduous spines.—About 18 species, tropical Ameriean.—Spr.—SNAKE-CACTI. Branches armed with short conic inconspicuous spines: hypanthium about 15 cm. 1 long, funnelform at the to . S. pteranthus. Branches armed with long sl ender- subulate spines: hypanthium about 10 cm. DUE scarcely dilated at the top. d coniflorus. 1. S. pteranthus (Link & Otto) Britton & Rose. Vine, the stem and branches clambering, extensively rooting, dull gr e old stems subterete, the branches obtusely usually 4-an ed, the bran shar arply 4—5-angled or ridged, altogether MA forming serpent-like mn over obje NU, i areolae small, the hairs white, very dad the spine’ conic, usually 2—4 together: flow- ers lateral, starting as short conie buds whic the pee subglobos da o iod stiff white hairs and pes of long. * ar par hypa Nr P DC uM X i E h . NY xd N LP y ` Ay N . * M b 7 j 1 5 Re. SS d. ESS f ~ . Or = w t SG * - Bn N : à à DU NN eS AN NES S x 1 ow RS A N r5 ——— a — MET E——Á - pw sepa als narrowly elongate-linea 9-12 e long, except the very outer ones, “ight. phi 58 914 | OPUNTIACEAE ape petals white, voie quere to spatulate, the narrow ones acumi- nate, the broader somewha e e and mucronate: anthers 4.5-5 mm. long; berry globose, 6-8 em. in dia red.—Hammocks on high sand-dunes, S pen. Tla.—Nat. of Me LE pes the hammock south of Ft. Pierce by the pioneers during Seminole War times 2. S.coniflorus SED ) i dus & Rose. Vine, the stem and branches dif- fusely clambering and elimbing by eopious roots, deep-green, the older portions stout and turgid, the a Em more slender, mostly edd sharply 5-angled: areolae small, the hairs pale or nearly white, often about 1 cm. apart, the spines eid hairs ae o of short spines; tubular part of the hypanthium about 10 em. long, scarcely dilated at the top, bearing rather elosely seattered scales with tufts of ad. ee hairs and clusters of spines in their s sepals very narrowly Mi NAA , 3-9 em. long, RE the outermost ones, bright- green, attenuate: petals wh ite: be erry subglobose, 5-7 em. in doma —Pine- lands a the Everglades, west of Halendale, ana fence -rows in pen. Fla.— Nat. of Mex 7. HYLOCEREUS Britton & Rose. Coarse vines with 3-angled or 3- winged stems and branches, climbing by aerial roots, the areolae remote on th jd eaeh with a tuft of short hairs and a eluster of spines. Leaves obsolete lowers nocturnal, very large and showy. Hypanthium trumpet- shaped, with foliaceous scales. Sepals various, the outer ones resembling the ypanthium scales, the inner — the petals. Petals white, narrow. Berry ovoid to globo wit ad seales.—About 18 d nd branches stout, 8-12 "thick, ines 2-4 mm. lo : hypanthium relatively v tout, eopiously scaly, shorter than the dn of the calyx: sepals linear-lanceolate to linear, pes spreading: petals spatulate to obova TM shorter than the sepals: b ovoid, 8-10 ¢ id scarlet, the scales flat.— (NIGHT-BLOOMING CEREU QUEEN- ad STHE-NIGH E — Hamm ocks, S pen Wen and E Keys. Nativ n “not known.—Spr.- —Originally described fro specimens grown in China, pe rhaps, pm o America. Apparently first AMA ER m dE by the pioneers of the lower Indian River iue during Seminole War . ACANTHOCEREUS Britton & Rose. Coarse shrubs with 3—6-angled, erect, diffuse, or Pi often greatly elongate, stems and branches, the areolae remote on the e each with a tuft of short hairs and a cluster of spines. Leaves nae Flowers nocturnal, relatively large. Hypanthium trumpet- oa armed mith spines. Sepals various, the outer short, the inner long an arrow. a is limear to spatulate. Berry o void or oval, spine- pu —About 8 species, of continental tropieal America. HJ OPUNTIACEAE 915 1. A. floridanus Small. Stems and branches diffusely spreading or reclining, 3-10 m. long, stout, starting as : ipu ibbed plant about as thick as a lead- he d minen tly 3—5- angl ed, the SAT IE P Echo (I tZ Ey QUT mostly 3-angled, dark- -green, oft ten forming DZ Jod WY) impenetrable thickets: areolae remote, with : ; Zat— AT YU) mostly 4-7 pe or Te Desin ae NSS E eentral one prre 1-2 lon M ^u /| hypanthium stout- trumpet yum. od, 8-10 em. gi alk long, with few large se arated tubercled i 7» «d arce at the base, the areolae at the base he hypanthium beari —) di- verging spines, those on the tubular Pos usually with one spine each: ealyx gre Bl. -tinged; sepals deltoid to trian ane eres lane eae ae m almost i longer a linear, 3.5 E minat g em. i 5 t petals broadly d 3.5—4.5 em. long, eres six times as long as wide, broadly aeuminate: filam adnate more P half way up from the P of the hypanthium: ie less than 2.5 mm. long: berry ovoid, 4—6.5 cm. long, sear- a shining. [ ntagonus (Fl. SE. U. S. )l|—(Dirpor. Ba ARBED-WIRE CAC- A. pe us.)—Hammocks, along or near the coast, S pen. Fla., and the Keys.—Sum. 9. HARRISIA Britton. Succulent shrubs, with fluted stems and branches, the hie LAE ng areolae each of whieh supports a tuft of spines, the of e reola arising pu ow the daa vi ool and varying greatly in a Sun cce Flowers nocturnal, showy, arising from the upper side of an areola. Hypanthium n ovr p nelform or clavate, scaly. Sepals colored. Petals white, narrow. "Ber globose or ovoid-globose, with few seale-bases, often with tufts of hairs. Pede very numerous.—About 18 species, distributed from Florida to Argentina.—Spr.—PRICKLY-APPLES. Flower-buds brown-hairy: scales of the hypanthium with tufts o brown hairs in their axils: berry yellow . H. Abor pe Flower-buds pul "hairy: scales ee the ae with tufts of white ha thei : berry red. Hypanthium Sr OmuHentls deed the pales turgid at the base: berry depressed-globose. 2. H. Simpsonii. Hypanthium even or prance ridged, the scales flat or nearly : berry obovoid. 3. H. fragrans. boriginum Small. Plants 6 m. tall or less, usually forming dense thickets, terrestrial, the stems erect or more or less reclining, UN or some of them usually branched, 9-11-r ue 7-9 in iis n very ender the Z Y / truding from beneath them: seales on the tubular part of the pasa, distant b laneeolate, turgid, eaeh with short brown 916 OPUNTIACEAE hairs protruding from beneath: flowers faintly scented: longer inner sepals nar rowly linear, acuminate: petals = ds t of them exceeded by the longer sd oblaneeolate, erose near the apex, adly acuminate eae: ay slender- tipped: stamens ee ped i E 2 7.5 em. in ares s yellow, the scar at the apex abou in dia eeds 3 m o Sho e hammocks and shell-mounds, Tanpa Bayr e Tia, p the Ten "Phossand Tslands. 2. H. Simpsonii Small. Plants 4 m. tall or nie scattered or in colonies, ter- restrial or often epiphytic, the stems sometimes vine-like, simple or individ- ually branched, 9- or 10-ridged: spines mostly 7 9 in each areola, slender, the longer ones of each cluster 1-2.5 em. long: young buds clothed with white hairs: hypanthium longer than the flower-limb, long-fu , P tly and coarsely ri , the swollen base clothed with broadly lanceolate, closel set or imbricate scales, with white hairs protruding from beneat scales of t ubular part he anthium rather nu us and close-set, very turgid, lanceolate, each with white hairs protruding fro ath: flowers inodor longer inner ain linear, 4.5— m g, minate: petals Msc. narrowly spatulate or rrowly cuneate-spatulate, erose near apex, each e abruptly narrowed into a short tip: stamens nearly erect: berry depressed- globose, about 6 em. in diameter, dull- pu usually with partly 1 scales, the scar at the apex des As X. n diamete Ae seeds ful long. [H. Brook (FI. S.) ]-—Hammo die an angrove sw E dc srrestrial or epiphytic, Cape a to ed ud ibo: and Madeira Bay region Fla. and Florida Keys . fragrans Small. Plants 5 m. tall or less, growing singly, sometimes approximate, but not in colonies, the stems erect, reclining, or clambering, prominently 10-12-ridged, the ridges more or less dM between the areolae, the grooves rather deep and sharp: areolae about 2 cm. apart, each with a "dense tuft of very short hairs on the upper side: eda puc 9-13 in each areola, mostly grayish e yellowish at the tip, one of each areola eig aus the e others, mostly 2—4 em. long: young buds Mcd we whi te-hairy: buds about to a fully - em. iene om —20 em. long): hypanthium light- gre a longer than the flower-limb, a r-funnelform, scarcely ridged, the swollen base Sud pus b Or bene ud Hs separated scales, with long white hairs protruding from beneath them and very lax: scales of the tubular pa art of the hypanthium few and purs E slenderly posset not urgid, with a tuft of long white hair sepals very narrowly Poids slende rly acuminate: petals white or r pinkish, S det. e-tipped: ovary “cavity o oid: berry obovoid, about 6 em PUE e red, with tufts dis ng hairs persistent with the scale- Dus Bede arly 3.5 , lon ng.—Ham- oeks on high sand-dunes, kitehenmiddens, and eas Paes on Mosquito In et to Saint Lucie Sound, Fla. 10. CEBPHALOCERBEUS Pfeiff. Succulent shrubs or trees with fluted stems and branches, the ridges supporting areolae, each of which supports a tuft of in| the spines of each areola arising from all parts of the tuft of wool and varying greatly in length. The bark at length ons Leaves ob- solete. ee diurnal, inconsp nie arising from the center of an areola. Hypanthium eampanulate, naked or scaly above. Sepals e o. e white or pale, broad. Berry more or less depressed sai Seeds numerous. ae ee 40 species, tropical Ameriean.—Wint.-spr.— TREE-CACTI.— The two following species have a definite geologic on a Deeringit inhabits the Key Largo limestone, C. keyensis the Key West oólite. Where these two limestones meet on Big Pine Key the ranges of the two species come together. BEGONIACEAE 917 Sepals and petals obtuse, rounded or emarginate: spines of the areolae rd more than 25 (25-31). 1. C. Deeringii. Sepals and petals acute, abruptly pointed or acuminate: spines of the areolae mostly fewer than 15 (9-15). 2. C. keyensis. l. C. Deeringii Small Shrub or small tree becoming 10 m. tall, the stem er ect, simple or with few erect elongate LIN branches forming a very narrow head, i a deep-green, usual : a ou ribbed: eolae copiously hairy, the Ta O rather ma spines 25-31, the longe ones r ers abou ong, n vly eampanulate: sepals obo- vate, ob ee or Pere petals 9-11 mm. long, clawless, ov al, obtuse, scarcely nar- rowed at the bas : anthers less than 2 mm. ong: Pia m depressed, 3—5 em. in di- ameter, dark-red.—Rocky hammocks, upper Florida Keys, from ne 8 front of Big Pine Key to Upper Matecumbe Key. . C. keyensis Britton & Rose. Shrub or small tree, becoming 5 or 6 m. tall, the stem sage pee ly s branched, often form- ing mpaet na ead, th e branches Bis or som pu. Tao 9- or 10-ribbed: areolae ao short- hairy, the hairs mostly deciduous; spines 9-15, the n ones mostly less than 1 em. long: flowers about 5 em. long, campanulate: sepals ovate, acute: petals 14-16 mm. long, the outer ones clawed, with ovate or elliptic blades, the inner Betis , oblanceolate to almost broadly linear, all acute, erose: anthers “Ion ng: berry depressed, about 3.5 em. in diameter, ~ —Rocky Mone lower Florida Keys, from Key West to Big Pine Ke ORDER BEGONIAGES — BEGONIAL ORDER Succulent herbs, shrubby plants or vines. Leaves alternate: blades commonly inequilateral, toothed or lobed. Flowers monoecious, usually somewhat irregular, cymose: staminate flowers with 2 or more sepals, 9 minute petals and many stamens, whose anthers open by pores or valves. Pistillate flowers with a calyx, a corolla and a gynoecium of 2-5 united carpels. Ovary inferior, 2-several- celled, the placentae entire or lobed. Stigmas curved, twisted or coiled. Ovules numerous. Fruit capsular, winged. Faminy 1. BEGONIACEAE — Beconta FAMILY e pes Capsule e many-se m dr ou genera and oe 400 species, widely distributed in tropical regions. i. BEGONIA. L. Succulent plants sometimes woody below. Leaf-blades oblique. Staminate flowers with 2 unequal pairs of petals. Pistillate flowers 918 PROTEACEAE vith 5 somewhat unequal petals. Gynoecium vi a short style, spiral stigmas and 2- lobed placentae. psule unequally 3- winged.—A bout 0 speci dely dis- ELEPHANT'S-EARS. BEGONIAS.— any — with showy leaves and highly colored x-like flowers are widely culti- vated. 1. B. semperflorens Link & n Plants 3—10 dm. tall: leaf-blades 4—7 em. broad, the teeth apiculate: bracts cited abra: corolla white; larger petals of es staminate flowers 6-14 mm. lor the ed ones ng, spatulate: capsules dn ee TUAL BEGONIA)—Swamps and low Mr da pen. Fla. Nat. of S. A. Order PROTEALES — PROTEAL ORDER Perennial herbs, or shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or rarely op- posite: blades simple or compound. Flowers perfect, or occasionally po- lygamous or dioecious. Perianth of 4 valvate distinct or partially united sepals. Androecium of 4 stamens, one borne on each sepal. Gynoecium a single earpel. Ovary superior, often oblique. Fruit indehiscent, or often follicular or capsular. Famitry d. PROTEACEAE — Protea FAMILY Leaf-blades P pe entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers borne in spikes, racemes, or panicles, wah are commonly congested. Calyx, an- droecium, ium, various, often very irreg gular. ul cenera and about 1 "000 poc mostly of Asia, Africa, and Australia 1. GREVILLEA R. Br. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades often m parted. Flowers borne in racemes or panicles, sometimes irregular. Ovary stipitate. Style often Bv from the cleft of the calyx. Fruit follicular or l- or 2-valved. Seeds flat, often ves —About 175 species, most abundant in Australia. 1. G. robusta A. Cunn. Tree becoming 20 m. tall: leaf-blades 2-4 dm. long: panicle showy, orange or red: the racemes 1—2 dm. 1 Y epal Na pr.—tThi tree, ere different from our native trees in both fol liage and inflorescence was bob duced p Florida many years ago ornamental and a shade tree. Iti unusual among our A es in "a it pe the flower clusters along the ane and the main brane ELAEAGNACEAE 919 Orpver THYMELEALES — THyMELEAL ORDER Shrubs or trees, or partially herbaceous plants. Leaves opposite or alternate, the blades simple, rarely mere scales, or obsolete. Flowers per- fect, polygamous, or dioecious, regular or nearly so. Calyx of 6 or fewer sepals. Corolla wanting (in our species). Androecium of as many sta- mens as there are sepals or of twice as many. Anthers opening by slits or hinged valves. Gynoecium a single carpel. Ovary inferior. Ovules mostly solitary. Fruit usually baccate or drupaceous. ma opening by slit Ovule and seed end dogs leaves green, sometimes merely pubescent. Fam.1. DAPHNACEAE. Ovule and seed erect: leaves oe scurfy. Fam. 2. ELAEAGNACEAE, Anthers opening by hinged valve Leafy shrubs or trees: fruit se Gc id on the hypanthium. Fam.3. LAURACEAE. eafless, twining, para s vines: fruit enelosed in "the acerescent hypanthiu Fam.4. CASSYTHACEAE. FAMILY 1. DAPHNACEAE — MEZEREON FAMILY Shrubs or trees, or rarely herbs, often pubescent. Leaves opposite or alternate: blades entire. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals, sometimes with 4 or 5 seales withi ndroeci y e sepal twice a Gynoecium seat the bottom of t ypanthium. Styl ; in e ally eccentric.—Forty gene era and about 425 species, most abundant in Australia and southern Afri 1. DIRCA L. Shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers appearing before the leaves. Sepals usually shorter than the hypanthium. Filaments slender. Ovary l-eelled: style filiform. Drupe slightly elongate.—Two species, North Ameri- can. 1. D. palustris L. e e m. tall: leaf-blades oval or obovate, 4—8 p flowers inus ellow: ME md, T- 8 m er ee eai short: drupe oval, 7-9 ong, — (LEATHERWOOD. SWAMP- o 00D Moos E-WooD. | LEATHER-BARK.) — Rich woods, bluffs, and stream-banks, vari- ous provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Fla, to La., ye and N. B.—Spr. ES ba t bos bee sed medicinally. The wood m brittle but the bark is vm edle end and was used by the aborigines for thongs. | Famity 2. BLAEAGNACEAE — OLEASTER FAMILY Shrubs or pate scaly or stellate-pubescent. Leaf-blades entire. Calyx of 4, or rarely of 2, sepals. Androecium of 4 or 8 en ynoecium closely invested bs the hypanthium which is thickened and G often ridged within. Style usually axial.— Three genera and about 20. d. man widely distribute 1. ELAEAGNUS L. Shrubs or rarely trees, pubescent with silvery scales. Leaves alternate. Flowers white or yellow within, silvery without. Sepals 920 LAURACEAE shorter than the hypanthium. Stamens 4: filaments very ps Or Weis Ovary l-celled: style elongate. Drupe somewhat elongated.—SILv S. About 20 species, Eurasian, Australian, and North ee mee species are used in horticulture. The fruits of some species are edible Leaf-blades beneath, and hypanthium, not oe scaly: sepals less than 35 as long as the prolonged portion of the hypanthiu 1. E. umbellatus. Leaf-blades beneath, and hypanthium, hood sealy : sepals over 4 as long as the prolonged portion of the hypanthium. 2. E. multiflorus. 1. E. umbellatus Thunb. Shrub, 1-3 tall. aves numerous; blades ellip- l tie, 2-4 em. long, mainly obtuse, green "above, rd beneath, short- -petioled: flowers few, in umbel-lik ede pedicelled: hypanthium narrowly in dui ae mm are during anthesis: sepals vate, 2.5-3 mm. long, silvery se without like A E anthers than 1.5 pm long: e. wise. to ov 2 6-8 mm. ong. — ( UMN-ELAEAGNUS.) — Thickets, CEN and a grounds, near P in the Piedmont of Ga. Nat. of Japan Sum.—fall, A = multiflorus Thunb. Shrub, mostly all. Leaves rather numerous; blades eliptic or somewhat obovate to oval, ong, r silvery beneath, short-petioled: flowers few or several together in umbel-like o Das. Sd lon ng-pedicelled: hypanthium stout, slightly dilated upward, . long during a P s: sepals orbicular- ovate to reniform, 3—4 mm e copiously scaly withou like the hypanthium: anthers over 1.5 mm. long: fruit oval, 7-10 mm. long.— SS. pm Y.)—Roadsides and fields, Coastal Plain, Miss. and La. Nat. of Japan.— FaAwiLY 3. LAURACEAE — LAUREL FAMILY. Aromatie shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or d iu blades entire or lobed. Flowers in open or congested cymes. rn , aa (or rarely ent Bs in 2 series. o wanting. Androecium o ually more than there are sepals, in 2—4 series, those of a third series usually plandularappendaged those of the fourth series mostly mere staminodia. oecium 2 RT carpel. Ovary 1-celle "Frui drupaceous.—F ort Bip and al ,000 species, most a undant i in tropical regions one of the mue iMd id of great economie value Anthers 4-celled, 4-valved. ; Anther-saes of outer stamen-series extrorse. Tribe I. LI Pee "Anther sacs introrse. Tribe II. LiTSEA Anthers 2-celled, 2-valved. Mature hypanthi um large, succulent: OEEC of erect panicles: anther-sacs extrors Tribe III. ACRODICLIDIEAE. ‘Mature hypanthium minute, dr inflorescence of umbel-like clusters: anther-sacs intrors Tribe IV. LAUREAE. Y. CINNAMOMEAE Staminodia present, large, often sagittate. Sepals dec iduous, Calyx faling away ae separate sepals: leaf blades ribbed. 1. CAMPHORA. Calyx falling away with the sepals united: leaf-blades pinnate-veined, 2. PERSEA, LAURACEAE 921 Se epals persistent under the fruit. 9. TAMALA. Staminodia small, subulate, or wanting. 4. NECTANDRA. II. LiTSEAE Sepals persistent on the cup-like hypanthium. 5. SASSAFRAS, Sepals deciduous from the cylindric hypanthium. 6. GLABRARIA. III. ACRODICLIDIEAE Large trees with whitish flowers: leaf-blades coriaceous. T. MISANTECA. IV. LAUREAE Shrubs with yellow flowers: leaf-blades NOTE 8. BENZOIN. 1. C RA [Gronov.] L. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or Oo v.] opposite, persistent: blades entire. Flowers in panicled axillary cymes, mainly white or greenish. Style slender. Stigma minute. Drupe equilateral, as broad as long, or nearly so.—Few species, natives of uid ern Asia. . Camphora (L.) Karst. Small tree or va ig 4-12 short-acuminate, pale beneath, long. petioled: b eua nae die d: sepals 1-1.5 m cid uc eed igs dia j MET | m - mocks, pen. Fla. to Tex. Nat. of E Asia and cult.—Spr ue wood yields the cam- phor of commere 2. PERSEA [Plum.] Gaertn. Trees. Leaves alternate, persistent: blades entire. Flowers in terminal panicled cymes, greenish. Sepals 6, nearly equal, united at the base. Style subulate: stigma - minute. Drupe inequilateral.—One species, in many cult. forms. 1. P. Persea (L.) el due Large tree: va pus elliptic or oval or nearly so, 8—15 Ong, s hort-petioled (sentes small id long and slender peti à Persea mexicana) : er sepal 4—5 long, somewhat surpassing outer ans slightly elongate, often pyrifor , ye " long, the flesh "Ralhmocis Gnd p | pos —Ha ibd ; d the Keys.—Gro varieties for its e fruit. Nat. of E Am. and eult.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., 8. A))— 3. TAMALA Raf. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, eed blades entire. Flowers in axillary peduncled cymes, greenish. Sepals 6, dissimilar. Style long-columnar: stigma capitate. Drupe equilateral. Yes species, Amer- ican.—Spr. or all year S Peduncles, pedicels and petioles glabrous or appressed-pubescent: fruit over 1 cm. ick. Leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so, except sometimes the nerves beneath. 922 LAURACEAE ME blades finely reticulated beneath, mainly over thrice S long as wide. Leaf-blades TE reticulated beneath, mainly about twice as long as wi ades Toone pubescent beneath. a pedicels and petioles tomentose: fruit less than 1 cm. p T. Borbonia. T. littoralis. 3. T. humilis. m 4. T. pubescens. ia (L.) R A large tree with bark broken into flat ridges: ie blades a or i so, 5-15 em. long, often acuminate at both ends, bright-green and lustrous above, nn y finely dues bene B ics ascending, the inner ovate, 2-3 times longer than the uA ee ps upe obo- vo oid c or globose- uec 1-1.5 e ong, dark-blue or cA nu lustrous. [Persea D onia (L.) Pax] E BAY. A d FLORIDA- ad Ro LAU E.) — Hammocks and mps, Coastal Plain, "Fla. ES Tex. and Va.—The bright- -red heart-wood, close- -grained, heavy, and strong, is used for cabinet-work and construction. 2. T. littoralis iios Shrub or tree: pos -blades elliptic, 2-5.5 em. long, mostly obtuse at the apex bright-green and lus trous m pale and 22b beneath, not reticulate, the lateral veins inconspicuous: drupe dbi. pu mm. long, purple- -black under the bloom. pee littoralis Small ]— ORE-BAY.)—Coastal ham- mocks, pen. Fla milis (Nash) Small. Shrub or small tree, the twigs, lower leaf- uM ey up the inflorescence silky-pubescent: leaf -blades elliptic, 4—10 cm. long, more or vi revolute, glabrous uidi shining above, lustrous beneath: sepals Boe obtuse, the inner oblong, 5 mm. long: drupe "globular, about 1.5 em. long, urn -black under the bloom. [Persea humilis Nash]— (SILK- BAY.)—Serub, C pen. Fla 4. T. pubescens (Pursh) Small Shrub or small tree, the twigs, lower leaf- surfaces and inflorescence Pr leaf-blades narrowly elliptic or elliptie- lanceolate, or rarely oval, 5-20 em. long, usually obtuse, often acuminate at the apex, slightly ipe sepals erect, acutish, the inner elliptic-obovate, about twice as long as the outer: drupe oval, 8-11 mm. long, dark-blue with a E tana and low es Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, ed dj Fla. to C. — The orange-colored and brown-streaked heart- d pon -grained and fae is used like that of T. Borbonia. 4. NECTANDRA Roland. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, persistent: blades entire. Flowers in panicled cymes, white, fragrant. Sepals 6, nearly similar, somewhat elongate, spreading. Style cylin- dric: stigma capitate. Drupe somewhat elongate, seated in the cup-like hypanthium from which the calyx has fallen ae 300 species, mostly tropical Americ 1. N. coriacea (Sw.) Griseb. Shrub or small tree: ee is Kid penton or |l 5- long, lustrous .abov my-white, 8-9 ; broad; ^ hu ‘obt use: ed sable obose or ‘oval, Ww 10-15 m ong, dark-blue or black, seated in the red or 30e E oodles Catesbyana (Miehx.) Sarg.]—(LANCEWOOD.) pu LAURACEAE 923 Hammocks, pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.)—Spr m dark-brown heart- wood, hard, and heavy, is used locally for eabinet-wor 5. SASSAFRAS Nees. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, deciduous: blades lobed or partly entire. Flow in UD clustered cymes. Style what elon ow —Two species, the ROUSNUAE and one Asiat l. S. Sassafras (L.) Kar a or shrub, with ridged bark: leaf- blades 3-lobed, or rarely entire or 2-lobed: flowers greenish- yellow, fragrant: sepals 6, narrowly elliptic, 2.5-3 mm. long: drupe oval, 8-10 lon dark-blue. — (SASSAFRAS. SASSAFRAX. AGUE-TRE E.)— Woods, b: and roadsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ia., s T iiec and as flavoring agent. The orange-brown heart wood, coarse- grained, brittle and weak, á used in boat- construction, a., and lor ni requiring Ta 6. GLABRARIA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate (ours decidu- ous): blades entire. Flowers in clustered umbel-like involucrate cymes. Style subulate. Drupe (ours) subglobose. [Mal poena Adans.|—About 100 species, widely distributed in tropical and warm regions 1. te geniculata (Walt.) Britton. Spread- ing shrub 2-3 m ap with zigzag g branches: leaf- pun elliptic, 1.5-6 em. long: flowers 2—4 er: calyx ds "sepals yellow, 2-3 g: 5-6 mm diameter, red.—(POND-SPICE. POND-BUSH.)—-S and a ag Plain pay 251 T provinces, F E I and Wint.-spr. ied of gus Ts of somewhat uncertain reb ones Its closest relatives are tropieal. 7. MISANTECA Cham. & Schlecht. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, persistent: blades entire. Flowers p AA in panicled cymes. Sepals 6, nearly similar, short, erect, about as long Q as the enlarged portion of the hypanthium. Style columnar: stigma minute, surrounded 3 erect stamens. Drupe slightly elongate, seated in the cup-like hypanthium which is bordered by the ta ealyx.— Four species, tropical Americ triandra (Sw.) Mez. Tree with somewhat flaky bark: leaf- blades elliptie or oval, 4.5-11 o-1ll em. long, a icu acuminate, a often blunt, lustrous above: calyx whi te, mm. broad; sepals bius: fruits 924. CASSYTHACEAE acorn-like, the drupe ovoid a eee beer 2—2.5 cm. long, idend the hy- rus reddish — Si Sauna A.)—Ham ocks, Ev verglade Keys, s Fla. (V. 1.)—Sum.—Known defi itely only aor the Brickell ha EMT “Miar and now DLE deno as a result of the real estate dev MEN Ten 8. BENZOIN Fabr. Shrubs or trees, strong-scented. Leaves diras deciduous: blades entire. Flowers yellow, in sessile cluster-like or umbel-like cymes. Style slender-columnar. Drape somewhat dn Species, North dium and Asiatie.—Spr.—SPICE-BUSHES. BENJAMIN-BUSHES. SPICE- WOODS. Leaf-blades tapering at the base: petioles slender and rather long. 1. B. aestivale. Leaf-blades rounded or cordate at the base: petioles stout and rather short. 2. B. melissaefolium. 1. B. aestivale (L.) Nees. Shrub 1-3 m. tall the branehes often glabrous: nee S pu p ee - o 5-12 ae long, thin, obtuse or usually short- apex, ofte lightly iate, i NN geuminate a dee cep gr een and glabrou or po ace oe epe. aringl pube scent beneath: flowers in dense pedicels 3-5 em. long: — thin, ‘obovate re : drupe about 1 A am — ‘SPIC I JAMIN-BUSH.)—Wet woods, d ide various provinces, Fla. to La Kans., Oni, and Me.—The ba rk i trig: are oed TIMOR and the fruit as condiment 2. B. melissaefolium (Walt.) Nees. Shrub 3-10 dm. tall, the branches el cent: leaf-blades quite firm, elliptic-ovate or elliptic- lanceolate, 3-12 em. long, acutish, usually short- acuminate, more or less densely pubese a on both sides, rounde d or cordate at the base: flowers in dense lateral d. appearing before the leaves: Du equalling bs sepals or longer: sepals thin, 1-1.5 mm. long: drupe obovoid, nearly 1 em. 1o ng.—( OVE ups and cua iie Coastal Plain and a pr ovinces, Fla. to La., Mo., Ill., and N. C.—Bushes make a brilliant show in early spring. Famity 4. CASSYTHACRAR — CAssYTHA FAMILY Parasitie vines. Leaves mere seales, or wanting. Flowers perfect, in heads, spikes, or racemes. Calyx of 6 sepals in 2 unequal series, sur- mounting the accrescent hypanthium. i ecium of 9 stamens with 2- eelled a an staminodia. Gynoecium of a single carpel. Drupe ineluded.—One genus and about 15 sp "s tropieal. 1. CASSYTHA [Osbeck] L. "Vines with yellow or pale-green stems and branches, clinging to herbs and shrubs.—The flowers and fruits of Cassytha, al- though of quite different structure, resemble those of species of Rhipsalis. The drupe of our Cassytha resembles the berry of our species of Rhipsalis (page 913) in size, shape and color. MELASTOMACEAE 925 E Be filiformis L. Stems matted, dod s 3-6 in a spike: inner sepals of plants HC on aod a ad woody hosts. OrpER MYRTALES — MYRTAL ORDER Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes aquatie or amphibious. Leaves alternate or opposite. Flowers regular or irregular, complete or much reduced. ypanthium merely enclosing the ovary or adnate to it. An- droecium of few or many stamens: anthers opening by slits or pores. Gynoecium l-several-earpellary. Fruit capsular, baeeate, or achene-like. Style present, simple or Aee a stigma terminal. Anthers opening by pores Fam. 1. MELASTOMACEAE. Anthers opar by longitudinal valves Hypanthium nes E the ov 5 Fam. 2. LYTHRACEAE. Hypanthium a the ovary or Paine SO. dn otyledons spirally. convolute in the embryo. Ovary several-celled : ovules numerous, not bed ulous. Fam. 3. PURICACEAE. Ovary 1-celled: ovules 2-5, pendulous. Fam. 4. EM IL CERE Cotyledons. not spirally convolute. Sepals imbricated, or united and the calyx fa ling away as a cap. am. 5. MYRTACEAE. Sepals valvate Leaves stipulate: sepals leathery. Fam. 6. RHIZOPHORACEAE. eaves not stipula ME ueni mem- branous or herbac Fam. 7. EPILOBIACEAE. Styles wanting: stigmas sessile. Fam. 8. GUNNERACEAE. FAMILY d. MELASTOMACEAH — MEApOw-BEAUTY FAMILY Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite: blades with 3-several ribs. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 3-6 sepals surmounting the hypanthium. Corolla of 3-6 oblique petals. Androecium of 6-12 stamens, those oppo- site the petals sometimes abortive. d of 3-5 united carpels. Ovary enclosed in or adnate to the hypanthium. Fruit baeeate or cap- sular.—One hundred and Atty oa ad about 2,500 species, most abun- dant in tropical South Ameri Herbs: fruit a capsule. . 1. RHEXIA. Shrubs or trees: fruit a berry. . 2. TETRAZYGIA, 1. RHEXIA L. Perennial herbs with rootstocks. Leaf-blades usually 3—o-ribbed. Hypanthium ureeolate, prolonged beyond the ovary. Sepals 4. Petals 4, deciduous. Ovary 4-celled, free. Capsule ineluded, 4-valved.— About 15 species, natives of eastern North America and Cuba.—MAID-MARIAN. MEADOW-BEAUTIES.—Most of the species grow in highly acid soils. 926 MELASTOMACEAE Anthers relatively short, elliptic, not uu aud at the base. 1. ELLIPTICAE. Anthers elongate, linear, spurred at the bas 2. LINEARES. I. ELLIPTICAE Corolla yellow. 1. R. lutea. Corolla purple or rarely whit ypanthium glandular-pubescent : upper surface of the leaf- blades glabrou 2. R. serrulata. Hypanthium ET upper surface of the leaf-blades bristly. 9. R. ciliosa. II. LINEARES Neck of the mature hypanthium as long as the body or longer. Leaf-blades narrowly linear, the midrib only prominent and conspicuous. 4, R. cubensis. Leaf-blades PE Jinear, the 3 nerves prominent and con- Spicuo Stems toi sparingly pubescent with delicate hairs: leaf-blades nearly glabrous. 5. R. mariana. Stems densely pubescent with coarse yellow ae leaf- Bc shaggy- TRAE with hairs like tho on the -€-———— A . IN GS Ht. eaf- e linear ES lance e e. 7. R. lanceolata. L ae blades oval, elliptic, or oblong-ovate, very thin. 8. R. delicatula. Hypan S densely a TE nt. 9. R. Alifanus. Stems sharply angled or na epee 4-winged. So a over 2 cm. broad, ored. epals Aud than 1% A ONE as the hypanthium at ity. Stems with pubescent internodes: hypanthium pubescent at maturity. 10. R. virginica. Stems wi bn. internodes: hypanthium labrous at maturi 11. R. stricta. Sepals fully % as long as the nm at maturity. 12. R. aristosa. Corolla less than 2 em. broad, 13. R. parvifiora. 1. R. lutea ee Stems 1-3 dm. tall: leaf s cuneate to elliptic or md tic-linear, 1—2.5 ong: petals yellow, 9-13 mm. long: capsule about long. Fla. —Mois t ; Pinelands, oe Plain, to La. . C— um. 2. R. serrulata Nutt. Stems 5- 30 em. tall: hx. leaf-blades broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate m. et violet- psu Dg dia or E pink, 9—15 em. long: ca ong.—M ist pinelands and sand. il need Cossta Plain, C Fla. to La. and Md.—Spr.-s bensis Griseb. n 2-5 dm. tall, glandular-hirsute: leaf-blades linear or ae fs o 1. ded m. long: sepals lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate: petals purple, 11-17 m long: capsule 6-7 mm. long. [R. floridana Nash]— Sandy and Sn E DE Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—Sum. or all year S. 5. R. riana L. Stems 2-8 dm. tall, villous- agree leaf-blades parrowly elliptic, p A Or epi accor ate, 1.5-8 ¢ sepals ovate to tri- DER pd pale DR or deep- "purple 14-28 | mm one capsule 6-7 mm. — (PAL Y.)—Swamps, marshes, and ditches, various prov- dedi Fla. "n Tex, " Mo., ud N. Y oe —fal a MELASTOMACEAE 927 6. R. Nashii Small. wr 3—6 dm. tall, rape i adi leaf- Brea e Rub laneeolate, 2—5 cm. long: sepals trian ngular: petals purple, 14-17 m ong: capsule 5-6 mm. long.—Swamps, Coastal Plain Fla. to La dir R. lanceolata Walt. Stems 1-4 dm. tall, villous- ad DE blades ob- lanceolate, pee eae RE e, or linear- Janceo! ate, 1-2.5 sepals lane eolate: petals white to pale- purple, 12-17 mm. long: n 6-7 mm lus [ E. filiformis Sm ue UN Pag shes and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., Tenn., . C— R. delicatula Small. ie 1-4 dm. tall, sparingly pubescent: leaf-blades rare to ovate, 1-2.5 em. long: sepais triangular: petals pale-purple, 10-15 mm. long: capsule 4-5 mm. long.—Stream-banks, in the Blue Ridge of Ga m 9. R. Alifanus Walt. as 3-10 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades lanceolate P pan laneeolate, 3-8 em. long: sepals triangular: petals bright-purple, 17— . long: capsule 6-7 mm. long. [R. gla Miis Michx. ]—M oist pinelands, RE Plain, N Fla. to La. and N. O.—Spr.- 10. R. "pene aL. Stem ^re dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, oval, lanceolate, or Du lanceolate, 2-10 em. long: sepals lanceolate or tri angular- -lanceolate: petals bri right a. 11- M mm. long: capsule 5-6 mm. iene eer cee. MEADOW-BEAUTY. HA ANDSOME- HARRY. )—Sandy swamps and damp me eadows, various UE. Fla. to La., Mo., and Me.—Spr.-fall.— The entire plant is sometimes red. 11. R. stricta m Stems 6-13 dm. tall: leaf-blades lanceolate to elliptie- d 2— E . long: sepals triangular: petals purple, 12-16 mm. long: m ule 6-7 m ET ong.— Moist pinelands and ponds, Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss. N C oa aristosa Britton. Stems 2-6 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf- ecd linear to linear-la aneeolate or sometimes linear-elliptie, ou em. long: sepals linear to linear-lanceolate: petals magenta-red, 12-20 m long: capsule about 6 mm long.—Sandy swamps and damp pinelands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. 13. R. parviflora P E Stems 1-3 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades Pao OT nearly oval, 1-2 em. long: sepals triangular e petals white, les than 10 mm. lo ong: coule about 3 mm. long.—Shallow ponds, near Ag cola, Fla.—Sum 2. TETRAZYGIA L. C. Rich. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades 3-5-ribbed, mostly scurfy or tomentose beneath. Sepals, and petals, 4-6. Ovary 4- or neck short.—About 16 species, ie Indian. i. T. base (Mill.) Cogn. Shrub or small tree with scaly bark: leaf-blades lanceolate to elliptic- AU 8—20 em. long, silvery beneath, stout-petioled: panicle 1-2 m. long: calyx about 1 mm. long: petals white, 7-8 mm. long, cuneate: anthers lanceolate, the Hammocks riu pinelands, Everglade Pe la.—(W. I.)—Su This conspicuously Bou West Indian plants which are so numerous on the Everglade Keys that, floristieally these eode 028 LYTHRACEAE islands may be considered a part of the West Indies. In hammocks Tetrazygia is usually a small tree; in pinelands it is usually a, shrub. FAMILY 2. LYTHRACEAE — LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY erbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves mostly opposite: blades usually en- tire. Flowers perfect. Ca of 4 or 5 sepals, commonly accompanied by accessory teet Corolla of 4 or 5 petals, or wanting. Androecium few or many stamens: anthers versatile. G cium of mostly 2-6 B as Ovary 2-6-celled, or rarely l-eelled, free from the hy- panthi Fruit a capsule, included in the hypanthium.—Twenty-one | genera per about 400 species, widely distributed. Flowers regular or nearly so: hypanthium symmetrical. Tribe I. LYTHREAE. Flowers irregular: hypanthium oblique. Tribe II. PARSONSIEAE. . I. LYTHREAE Byeen campanulate or turbinate, becoming hemispheric obose. Herbs. Petals wanting: capsules indehiscent. 1. DIDIPLIS. Petals 4, except in Ammannia a capsules de- l iscent, sometimes irregula Capsules bursting irregularly. 2. AMMANNIA. Capsules septicidally dehiscent. 3. ROTALA. Shrubs or trees Flowers in "axillary cymes: aquatic shrubs. 4, DECODON. Hoe ers in terminal panicles: terrestrial shrubs or 5. LAGERSTROEMIA. Hypanthium elongate, ee or tubular. 6. LYTHRUM. II. PARSONSIE Hypanthium enlarged or spurred on one side: Sce unequal. 7. PARSONSIA. 1. DIDIPLIS Raf. Flaeeid herbs, resembing Callitriche. Leaf-blades arrow, entire, pellucid. Flowers solitary in the axils. Sepals 4, without ac- eessory teeth. Petals wanting. S . Style very short: stigma 2-lobed. Embryo with narrow -cotyledons. — One Species. | 1. D. d (Nutt.) Wood. Stem 1-3 dm. long: ersed leaves with linear to linear- Be alae p thieker than the sub- mersed ones, 1-2 em. long: eapsule urceolate, u mm je pos t Fla. "to fex., Minn., an x.)—Sum (M 2. AMMANNIA L. Leathery-sueculent herbs. Leaf-blades, narrow, often auricled at the base. Flowers in axillary, sometimes 1-flowered, cymes, enish, or sometimes tinged with red. Sepals. 4, often accompanied with small teeth. Petals P early deciduous, or wanting. Stamens 4-8. Style fili- form, sometimes short: stigma capitate. — with auricled cotyledons.— About 20 species, most abundant in warm regions oro present. Leaves broadest below the middle: capsule 3-4 mm. iH diameter. 1. coccinea. Leaves broadest above the middle: capsule 5-6 mm. in diameter. 2. T Koehnei. Corolla wanting. 3. A. latifolia. LYTHRACEAE 929 1. A. coccinea Rottb. Plant 1—5 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear to linear- AM late, 2-6 em. long, partly clasping: petals broadly obovate: eapsule 3—4 m in diameter.—Swamps E low grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex 2: D., and N. J.— I., Mez., a. 4. S. 4.)— oí ore fall. A. Koehnei Britton. Plant 1~6 dm. tall: ind blades dune tuned or ellip- tie, 2-8 c ong, of the er ones merely hates Ren. 8 oM. "i noue 6 m and short style dpud capsule 5- m. in diameter.—(Too s.)—Swamps and along streams, ‘Coastal Plain ~ adj. prov- inces, Fla. . J.—Sum.-fal 3. A. latifolia L. Plant 2-11 dm. hare | leaf- Pug linear- un. to ipd -lance | mostly 3-7 em. long, slightly auricled a "su at the base: corolla vun ing; capsule 4—5 mm. in mes -—Low hammocks, lime-sin on and swamps, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—AIl y 3. ROTALA L. Herbs resembling Ammannia. Leaf-blades narrow, entire. Flowers greenish, usually — in the axils. Sepals 4, accompanied by appendages in the sinuses. usually 4. Stamens 4. Style very eet —About 30 d most abundant in warm and tropical regio . R. ramosior (L.) Koehn. .Stem 0.5- dm. long: leaf-blades elliptic to d or em. obovate or cuneate, as lon a as the sepa dp or longer: capsule -3 in diameter. Hammocks, wet, sandy places, and swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Mass.—(W. I., Mex., c. gu S. 4.)—Sum.- 4. DECODON J. F. Gmel. Short-lived shrubs or shrubby herbs. L deeiduous: pond entire, somewhat els Flowers in axillary UE d cymes. Sepals 5-7, alternating wi mall teeth. Petals 5-7. Stamens 10 or ues 8, alternating short and long, e longer exser ted. Nu loeulieidally 3-6-valved. One spec 1. D. verticillatus (L.) Ell. Stem arching, mostly 4—16 dm. long: leaf- ue lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 3-20 em. long: sepals ipe p purple pink, laneeolate to vate, 7-9 mm. long: oo aout m mm. in diameter — (Swan MP-LOOSE LLOW- ERB. ATER-OLEANDER. pm "a ED.)— Canes and ponds, various Pe Fla. to La., Minn., and Me.—Su 59 930 LYTHRACEAE 5. LAGERSTROEMIA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves persistent: blades short. Flowers in terminal panicles. Sepals 5-7. Petals 5-7, the blades Asia, Africa, and Aus ralia. L. indica L. Small tree or shrub hi Suid pese leaf-blades obovate or oval, 1-2.5 em. long, entire: sepals shorter mus u et E | © 5: to co BH et =g n =| "3 [t ct e M "3 RE H "3 — "3 ri mm (CRAPE - MYRTL E na — Waste- iaces. Cut ground, old fi elds, and e to : Nat. eult.—Spr.-fall. —Trees are long-lived. They suggest premature age, but are very showy when in flower. They frequently sd the n. s of residences or settlements that have long ago disap- . The n bark peels off the trunk leaving a smooth clean surface S ich gives uo m a pale Sheet appearance at night. 6. LYTHRUM L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers axil- lary or in terminal spikes or racemes, rose-purple or white. Sepals 4-6, not involute, alternating with spreading appendages. Petals 4-6, nearly equal.— About 30 species of wide geographical distribution. Spr.-fall or all year S.— LOOSESTRIFES Leaves mostly alternate. Leaf-blades rounded or cordate at the base. 1. L. alatum. Le af- blades narrowed at the base. . Leaf-blades thick, es of the branches numerous, ap- proximate, mo ostly less than 1.5 cm. long: hypanthium -8 m ] 2. L. lanceolatum. Leaf- blades thin, those of the branches a mostly over ng: hypanthium 3-5 mm. 3. L. Curtissii. ere Sese E oM eat-blades a ‘or nearly so, those on the flowering reduced. 4, L.lineare. Leaf-blades ‘elliptic to orbicular or rarely cuneate, those on th wering branches not much reduced. . L. flagellare. 1. L. alatum Pursh. Stem 3-13 dm. tall: leaf-blades oo ago or ovate-lanceolate, 1-5 em. long: mature hypanthium 5-8 mm. long, ap- 2. L. lanceolatum Ell Stem 6-16 dm tall: leaf- blades zm to linear- ‘elliptic, ture hypanthium the cuneate- Rasen 6-7.5 mm. long: capsule LYTHRACEAE 931 4.5-5 mm. long.—Ditches, stream-banks, and swamps, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and S. C. 3. L. Curtissii Fernald. Similar ha L. lanceolatum in habit: leaf-blades thin, he aa or elliptic-lanceolate, 2—5.5 mm. long: mature hypanthium 3-4 the appendages sle ud EpL jui than the minute sepals: E elliptie to obovate-elliptie, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: eapsule about 4 mm. long. —Muddy, often calcareous swamps, Coastal : Plain N Fla. and adj. Ga. 4. L. lineare L. Stem ys dm. tall: leaf-blades linear, 1—4 em. long: mature hypanthium about 4 mm. long, the appendages triangular, s as long as the en pond ook cuneate or cuneate-elliptic, 4-5 mm. long: capsule barely 4 "d al sand-dunes and open ee Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. | and aN. 5. L. flagellare Sayer Stem creeping: ee ea p to AA or rarely cuneate, 0.5-1 em. long: mature hypanthium 6-8 mm. long or longer, the appendages T pou times ped Tem "the glabrous e petals purple, cuneate- D. , 4-5 m m. long: capsule 3-4 mm. long or shorter. [L. Vulneraria (Fl. SE. a S. S we ano om. and swamps, S pen. Fla. 7. PARSONSIA P. Br. Herbs or woody plants, mostly clammy-pubes- cent. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers axillary, or in terminal spikes or racemes. RN 6, pie. with small teeth. Petals 6, unequal. Stamens adnate near the top of the hypanthium. Embryo with orbieular cotyledons. ne hea P. Br.]—About 200 species, American. Calyx-limb prominently 2-lipped: DE pair of stamens not reduced. Style pubescent: stamens 12; anthers not woolly. 1. P. petiolata. Sty le glabrous: stamens 11; Eo of the longer pair don nsely woolly 2. P. procumbens. Eu limb with 5 oui lobes: posterior pair of stamens often 1uch reduced. Plant perennial: hypanthium with glandular hairs over ; calyx more or less spreading: petals 1.5—2 mm ng. 3. P. lythroides. Plant annual: hypanthium with few simple hairs. on the ribs: calyx erect: petals 5-6 mm. long. 4. P. Balsamona. 1. P. petiolata (L.) Rusby. e annual, 1-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades lance- late to ovate-lanceolate, 1-1.5 em. long: hypanthium and calyx 8-10 mm. long: ose-purple: E R-WEED CLAMMY-WEED. )—Dr rocky soil, sides, and old fields, various provinces, Ga. o La Kans., and N. H.—Sum.-fall. procumbens (Cav.) Small Plant perennial, -10— tall: leaf-blades lanceo- late or ovate-lanceol 6 panthium and 18-22 m g wer Pin Ee and thiekets, Blue Ridge, N.C. Nat. of Mex. and cult.—Sum. —fall. 932 TERMINALIACEAE 3. peed ae Small. Plant ee 2-6 = Rn leaf- a o 1-2 em. long: hypanthium and calyx 8-10 m ong: flowers nder Miri gos lobes deltoid: Soie spatulate, 5- 6 | mm..long, or i pi ones 7-8 mm. long: capsule 3.5-4.5 mm. long.—Low pinelands, M and W Fla Spr.-sum. 4. P. Balsamona (C. & S.) Mp en? AN Plant er 2—9 dm. tall: leaf- Sete elliptic to oval, or somewhat obov 2-6 e long, usually rugose in hypanthium end ealyx 5.5-6.8 mm. S doses bluish: ura Dd. deltoid: petals elliptic or nearly so 1.5-2 mm, long: capsule 4-5 long.— Low hammocks, lake region, pen. Fla.—(Mez., C. A., s A. )— Spr. fall. Faminy 3. PUNICACEHEAE — POMEGRANATE FAMILY Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or nearly so, persistent: blades simple. Flowers perfect, solitary or in shorl-peduneled axillary arate Hypanthium leathery. Calyx of 5-7 sepals. Corolla of 5-7 wrinkl petals. Androecium of numerous stamens in several series: ices: versa- 1 Gynoecium of several united carpels. Ovary inferior. Fruit a several- o berry crowned with the calyx, the seeds in a watery pulp.— One and 2 species, mostly in the Old World tropies. 1. PUNICA [Tourn.] L. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers showy. Sepals persistent on the fruit. Petals deciduous. Berry Dono a; Granatum L. Small tree or shrub: o blades T elliptie, or elliptic-lanceo- ar ve g to "br oadest above or below the nidd em. long: sepals no. 1 to 10 em. in ‘diame Old-fields, woods, and waste-grounds, Fla. Nat. of the Orient and cult—(W. I.)— Persistent on old settlement sites and home- steads adt zd m peau have dis- appeared.— ae cultivation from preis torie EC eloped in t arlety of Mos * nd y nd color, vermilion, oer white, and variegated. Famity 4. TERMINALIACEAE — WHITE-MANGROVE FAMILY r trees, or woody vines. Leaves alternate or a site: blades simple, a. Flowers often apetalous, regular, perfect or polygamous racemose or capitate. Calyx of 4-5 oec deci duous E persistent sepals. Corolla of 4—5 petals, or wan ndro of , 0 rarely thrice, as many stamens as the ae ae distinct. Gynoe- cium a single earpel. Ovary 1- e Style terminal. Stigma entire or nearly s "ruit drupaceous or y-like, indehiscent, often crowned with the acerescent ealyx.—Fifteen UR and 275 species, mostly tropical. Sepals deciduous: corolla wanting. Flowers in heads: hypanthium flattened: fruit small, in a cone-like hea 1. Flowers in spikes : hypanthium terete: fruit separate, large. 2. Sepals persistent. Corolla wanting: leaves nat 3. BUCIDA. orolla present: leaves opposit 4. LAGUNCULARIA. CONOCARPUS TER MINALIA. TERMINALIACEAE 933 1. CONOCARPUS L. Shrubs or trees, evergreen. Leaves alternate. Flowers perfect, in spicate or SN heads. Hypanthium not ribbed. Stamens 5. Fruit capitate—One spec 1. C. erecta L. Shrub, or tree sometime es ilky foli- age: leaf-blades elliptic or oval, 2-5 em long, entire: heads 9 asd at maturity: n. greenish: drupe 2-winged, 4—7 mm —(Bu an Coastal hammocks E End shores, pen. E glade Keys, and Florida Rove W maki arcoa variety occurs on the Florida Keys both coasts of the peninsula. 2. TERMINALIA L. Shrubs or trees, deciduous. Leaves clustered near the ends of the branches. Flowers in simple or branched spikes. Hy- panthium not ribbed. Stamens 10.—About 100 species, of the Old World tropics. 1. T. Catappa L. Shrub, or tree o 17 m. tall: leaf- blades ns to oblan te: spikes 5-15 ong: flowers ato or whitish: hypanthium and calyx 8-11 mm long: drupe elliptic or nearly so, glabrous ( OND. EST-INDIAN ALMOND.) Pinelands and old fields, S pen. Fla. and the eys. hoe E. Indies and Oceanica; escaped fro —( )—AlM y W. I.)—Al year.— The seeds are EU Although a native of the tropies where storms are usual, this tree never Pid eloped a d r fo oliage Nu of resisting the for of a hurr A severe p will often tear a ge i» pieces. 3. BUCIDA L. Shrubs or trees, evergre Leaves relatively small, clustered at the ends of the branches. Flowers i in Tu or branehed spikes, Sta- species, West Indian S L. A tree sometimes 15 m. tall: leaf- blades Sore to tines oval, or elliptic: spikes 2—10 . long: rS greenish: in nthiu um a us 4-5 mm. long: ealyx-lobes shorter than the tube: —(BLACK-OLIVE.)—Hammocks, upper Flor- ida Keys.—(W. I., C. A.)—The light irr brown heart-wood is close-grained, very d and hard. Great numbers of Pee e used as shade-trees and ornamentals in ida. MYRTACEAE 9. LAGUNCULARIA Gaertn. Shrubs or trees, evergreen. Leaves opposite. Flowers polygamous, in simple or branched spikes. Hypanthium ribbed. Petals hod shorter than the sepals. Stamens 10. Fruit spicate or MAN E species. . L. racemosa Gaertn. f. Shrub, or tree sometimes 20 m. tall: leaf- blades oblong, varying to oval or obovate, 2-0 cm. jong, entire, oe or nearly so on both sides: ey nae . long: drupe poe -obovoid, 2 — (WHITE-MANGR HITE- BUTTON ae )—Roeky and a shores and tal hammocks, pen. Fla. and the Keys. OW. a, C. A, S. aa white flowers are very fragrant, yellow-brown heart-wood is close- pen d mp" and hard. The bark is rich in tanni Famity 5. MYRTACEAE — MYRTLE FAMILY hrubs acd herbs, abounding in pungent and aromatie volatile oil, evergreen. opposite, or rarely a alternate or whorled: blades often simple, ‘pellucid- “punctate, flat or very thick, often with iid parallel with the margins. Flowers eden regular. Calyx , or many, valvate or imbricate, persistent oltre or cap-like and ium or wanting. or trees, or y E united. Fruit sometimes dehiscent, often erowned with the ealyx.— Sixty genera and about 1,750 species, widely distributed in the tropies. Fruit fleshy, baccate: leaf-blades pinnately v ned. Calyx of several persistent or tardily a ceeds val- vate sepals, 2 lid-like: petals present: disk fruit a berry crowned with the > persis- caly apale vith an annular ring. Calyx of regularly separa a m ly f irregularly separating s epa als. j early deciduous: petals wanting: disk cup-like: fruit crowned with the cup-like disk and hypanthium. Tribe IIT. MYRCIEAE. Fruit d. capsular: leaf-blades parallel-veined. Tribe IV. MELALEUCEAE. I. EUGENIEAE : flowers in raceme-like, umbel-like, or Tribe I. IZUGENIEAE. Tribe II. MYRTEAE. 1. EUGENIA. Cymes markedly Selon? disk contracted at maturity, the BENE Du an gin e frui eds one or m 2. ANAMOMIS. Cymes sessi ile or nearly so, the terminal flowers stalke disk expanded, the sepals lax, more 2 the top of the fruit: seeds several to ny. 3. MOSIERA. II. MYRTEAE Leaf-blades prominently ribbed : cymes 1-few-flowered, axillary. 4. PSIDIUM. MYRCIEAE Leaf-blades obscurely ribbed: cymes several-many-flowered. 5. CALYPTRANTHES. MYRTACEAE 935 p^ oe id with thick peeling bark i ny papery layers: leaves numerous: eee SOHO ICUOUSIS copiously Acre | | 6. MELALEUCA, 1. EUGENIA [Mich.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades’ thickish, neither prominently ribbed nor veiny, persistent. Cymes cluster- like, sessile or short-peduneled. Flowers white. Sepals broad, not accrescent. Petals much larger than the sepals. Stamens numerous, borne on the annular disk. Style filiform or subulate-filiform. Berry minutely crowned in ed calyx. Seeds 1-4.—About 600 species, mostly of tropical regions.—STOPPER adio o and stout, usually shorter than the flowers and much shorter than Fruit oval or ellipsoid-oval. l 1. H. bucifolia. Fruit subglobose, sometimes depressed. Leaf-blades of a rhombic ae. iors or less unu 2 the base and the tip: fruit depressed, 10—12 m dia SDef or. 2. E. axillaris. Leaf blades of an Bars or elliptie type, obtuse: fruit sub- obose, 6—8 m in diameter. 3. E. anthera. Pedicels relatively pig and slender, longer than the flowers and usually s t an the fruits. Leaf- Wee bluntly acuminate, dull above: fruits depressed, in dis eter. 4. E. rhombea. Leaf-blades leaders acuminate, shining above: fruits sub- , globose or globose-obovoid, 5-8m mm, in diameter. 5. E. confusa. 1. E. buxifolia (Sw.) Willd. Shrub or small tree, the bark scaly: leaf- blades cuneate to nearly elliptic, 2-4 em. long, much paler beneath than above: corolla 4—5 mm. broad; petals longer than wide: fruit oval or ellipsoid-oval, 6—7 mm. Na Po broad, black.—(SPANISH-STOPPER.)——Coastal qe $ W hammo n K "E Y ka I.)—The dark-bro heart-wood, clos grained, heavy, i very hard, is dd locally in cabinet work 2. E. axillaris (Sw.) Willd. Shrub or small tree, the bark scaly: leaf-blades elliptic- ovate to nearly elliptic, 3—5 cm. long, i paler beneath than above: corolla 5-6 m broad; petals o. 2e than hr fruit depresse —12 broad, black. — Ser STOPPER. )—Coastal hammocks, S Fla. and he eys.— —The hon eee em elose-grained, "heavy, and hard, is used locally for cabinet work. 3. E. anthera Small Shrub or n oe the bark pale, rather smooth: leaf- blades pi to pou dd = nearly so, 2—5.5 cm. long, slightly paler beneath than above: corolla 5-6 broad ; o slightly longer than wide: fruit sub- globose “6 7 mm. in Gace. dark red to black.—Hammoeks ee or near the coast, S pen. Fla.—The brown heart-wood is close-grained and hard. 4. E. ai d (Berg) Urban. Tree, the bark smooth: leaf-blades ovate to elliptie, 3— ud m. long, slightly acuminate: corolla about 10 mm. broad; petals” i an t p 1 6 mm e ith : —Ham Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—The light-brown heart-wood, "elose- uu ' hea and hard, is used locally for cabinet work. 936 MYRTACEAE 5. E. confusa DC. Tree, the beds scaly: leaf- a a EAE dies ovate, or elliptic-ovate, 3-5 em. long, markedly acuminate: 4—6 broad; petals about twice as long as the sepals: fruit subglobese or Ee -obovoid, 5-8 mm. broad, scarlet. [£. Garberi Sarg. |—(Tron p.)—Hammocks, Ever- glade Keys, Fla. and the Keys —(Q(OF. I.)—The red TOWN heart-wood, close- grained, heavy, ind very hard, is used locally for cabinet work. 2. ANAMOMIS Griseb. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades thickish, not ribbed, with rather faint lateral veins. Cymes decidedly peduncled, any flowered, the branches shorter ‘than.the peduncle. Flowers fragrant. pes ciliate, one pair much larger than the other. Petals paired, white. Stamens umerous, borne on the small annular disk. Style filiform. Berry crowned with the persistent ealyx, red or reddish. Seeds solitary or 2.—About 8 spe- eies, West Indian and Floridian —Spr—NAKEDWOOPS. Corolla over 1 em. wide: petals 4.5-6 mm. long: stamens mostly 60-70: cymes several-flowered. 1. A. Simpsonii. ed less than 1 cm. wide: petals 2.5-3.5 mm. long: stamens y 30-40: cymes few-flowered. 2. A. dicrana. 1. A. Simpsonii Small. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the trunk with pale-tan bark, strongly buttressed at the base: leaf-blades narrowly obovate, elliptic- iptic abou m. long: berry ellipsoid, pos cand S0, 8-10 mm. long, red.—Hammoceks, low E coast and "Us erglade Key s, Fla. — The foliage eontains a volatile oil, somewhat resembling that of nutmeg in flavo 2. A. dicrana (Berg) Britton. Shrub small tree E 8 m. tall, the trunk with 7 ba rk, not but- a lhght-red "E ro Ed. perm m elliptic -cuneate, or narrowly egies . long, acute or obtuse, slight y paler sera than abore brat a cymes short-petioled in anthesis, 3 e the primary brac alyx 4-5 mm. wide; larger n about 2 mm . lon ng: pe rry ee or cn oid, 6-7 mm. long, reddish- brow [4. dichotoma (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]—Hammocks, E coast, M pen., Caloosa- batches region to Cape pud and Key West, Fla. 3. MOSIERA Small. Shrubs or small trees. Leaf-blades thick. ob scurely veined, but finely reticulate. Cymes sessile or nearly so, 1-3-flowered, the branches longer than the peduncle. Flower s fragrant. Sepals eciliate, not oe paired. Petals nearly equal, uc Stamens numerous, borne e large annular disk. Style slender-columnar. Berry globular, crowned dg Be persistent rome ealyx, black. Seeds several or many.—Few species, tropical.—Sto Calyx less than 1 cm. wide: petals more than twice as long as the sepals: ane with many prostrate-diffuse branches . AL. longip Calyx over 1 cm. wide: petals less ham twice a long as the sepals: shrub with erect branches or small tre 2. M. bahamensis. MYRTACEAE 937 l. M. longipes (Berg) Small. Shrub with many wiry often decumbent eens aa dm. long from a short bd "pase: leaf-blades ovate or oval, ostly a a m. long, finely reticulate: sepals about long: corolla mostly 10-12 mm, EN uc globose or obovoid- Liu 6-9 mm. in diam black. [Eugenia longipes Berg.]— RUE Everglade E pen. Fla. and Florida Keys. —(W. I.) 2. M. bahamensis qud Small Shrub with erect branches mall tree: leaf- bla Da or aped iu. „OT “elliptic, or some- what ovate, ostly 2 . long, often de- videdly shin us e minutely inue beneath: sepals about 3 mm. long: corolla mostly 1.5 em. wide: ee subglobose, about 1 em. in oe black (?). [Eugenia bahamensis Kiaersk.]—Hammoeks and pine- lands near hammocks, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.) 4. PSIDIUM L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades thickish, prominently many-ribbed. Cymes i-few-flowered. do separating irregularly. Petals or 5, much pads than the sepals, w Stam ery nume , borne on the D Style eat fliform. ee fleshy, crowned with ealyx. Seeds very numerous.— i P species, mostly tropieal. 1. P. Guajava Raddi. Tree sometimes 8 m tal, with roughish bark, or a shrub with smooth- oy Jeaf-blades elliptie or nearly so, 4—8 . lon ng, pubeseent beneath: sepals cult.—(W. , Mez., C. .)—Grown extensively in several varieties for its fruit, whieh is eaten raw or r made into a jelly or a preserve. 5. CALYPTRANTHES Sw. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades thick, faintly veined. Cymes panicle-like. Flowers several numero Hypan- thium produced beyond the ovary. Calyx cap-like, PA UN UE ue Petals wanting. Stamens numerous, borne on the edge of the cup-like disk. Style lender. Berry abr uidit. crowned. Seeds 1, 2, or 3. [Chytraculia P. Br.] Mid 75 species, of tropical and subtropical America. ‘Calyx-lid not mammillate, hypanthium pubescent: leaf-blades manifestly petioled. 1. C. pallens Calyx-lid mammillate: hypanthium glabrous: leaf-blades sessile or nearly so. 2. C. Zuzygium. 1. C. pallens (Poir.) Griseb. Shrub, or tree becoming 9 m. tall, the bark light-gray or nearly white, smooth or ultimately sealy, the branchlets 2-edged: 938 RHIZOPHORACEAE leaf-blades elliptic or oval, varying to broader above or below the middle, 3—5 cm. long, or rarely larger, age short acumi- nate, pubescent beneath, least when § young, manifestly petioled: A AE Dp nthium about 2 wide during anthes calyx pubescent, po dian mm. in diam eter: berry ee or oval, 5-7 mm. in diameter, pubescent: seed about 4 mm. ue [Chytraoulia eh ttraoulia a dd LE S.) ]— —Ham f S pen. Fla., Everglade rae per Florida Keys.—(W. Tj —The brown heart- wood is elose grained, heavy, and e C. Zuzygium (L.) Sw. Shrub, or tree oming 12 m. tall, the bark pale-gray, smooth, the branchlets terete: leaf-blades oval or elliptic, varying to ovate or obovate, 4—6 cm. long, obtuse or abruptly blunt- tipped, / Pn sessile or abou nearly so: inflorescence glabrous: hypan hium e during a iid is: calyx glabrous, 3.5—4 mm. wide: berry i or Pd 8-1 in diameter, glabrous: seed about 5 n long.—(M YRTLE-OF-THE RIVER.)— Eu mocks, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla.—(W. J.) 6. MELALEUCA L. Shrubs or trees with much branched stems. Leaf- blades coriaceous, narrow, parallel-veined, persistent. Spikes dense, on woody branchlets, the rachis growing into a leafy shoot after anthesis. Sepals very oad, deciduous. Petals much longer than the sepals. Stamens numerous, tore in five bundles opposite the er the free parts of the filaments greatly elongate. Style e ahs nearly filifor Capsule woody, with an annular orifice. Seeds numerous.—More than 100 species, Australian, ipie ai them cultivated. . xf It TI MN 1. M. Leucadendra L. Tree with irregular, often drooping branches, the bark thick and spongy, epe leaf-blades elliptic, often ' narrowly s 1 ong, acute, bright- green, with Short petiole: -like hos spikes any-flow red, nspicuous: sepals ovate- deltoid or oe ovate, about 2 mm. long, obtuse: Geers white, bova ate, 3—4 mm. long, firm: filaments 1-1.5 cm. long: ter 'short- 5 mm. CA A fe. 7 P - P sg i PRA ^ ev A ve a 9$. tho H ^4 P : ges el foie RUSH. )— mocks, and ypress swamps, S Fla. = d Australia.—A]ll year.—Another Australian tree, Callistemon lanceolatus, h leaves resembling those of the above species, but with bright-red stamens which are distinct, is cultivated in southern Florida and often o i on old homesteads. Famity 6. RHIZOPHORACEAE — Mancrove FAMILY Maritime shrubs or trees. Leaves usually opposite: blades entire or toothed. Flowers erfect, solitary or variously elustered. Calyx of 3 . or 4 valvate sepals. Corolla of 3. or 4 petals. Androecium of twice, or EPILOBIACEAE 939 thriee as many stamens as sepals, or of 4 times as many. Gynoecium of 2-5 united earpels. Ovary inferior, at least partly so. Styles united. it a leathery berry crowned with: or surrounded by the calyx.—Fifteen genera and about 50 species, of Gani and subtropical regions. 1. RHIZOPHORA L. Evergreen trees with aerial roots arising from the trunk and branches, which branch and interlace about the base of the plant. Leaf-blades leatn entire, persistent. owers 2—several in peduncled clusters, nodding. Sepals 4, leathery. Petals 4, bud Stamens 4—12. Ovary CPUS provided with a fleshy cone at urity. Fruit pendulous, the seed germinating and sending out a long fa before the is fall.— Three species, natives of tropical regions. 1. R. "ped L. scie or Mas beeoming 20 m. tall, with pale ultimately furrowed bark, for trable thiekets on salt and brackish shores: E ees "liti io ; alone. boa te, 5—15 long: sepals lanceolate, about 10 mm epis petals pale-yellow, linear or nearl so: fruits 2-3 em. long, "the itii becom- ing sever . long.— (MANG ED- MANGROVE. )—Coasts of en. Tla. and the shores of creeks and rivers Dou. to the limit of salt or brackish water, and on the Florida Keys.—(W. I., Mex , C. A., S. —Grows most extens ively in salt water; rarely in fresh water; but ie its great- est size in brackish water. The bark is used in dyeing and tanning. The reddish-brown and streaked pit -wood, close-grained, heavy, and hard, is used for Een PEU The a precocious embryo wh falls into the water floats Nh position. When stranded on the UM bottom it strikes oe Famity 7. HBPILOBIACEAE — EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY Herbs or rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple. Flowers typically perfect. Hypanthium often elongate. Calyx of 2-6, usually 4, sepals. Corolla of 2-9, usually 4, petals, or pn wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as the sepals or twice as m cium of several, usually 4, united carpels. Ovary 1—6- celled. pe s "uL celled, inferior. Fruit capsular or nut-like. —Forty a and about 350 species, widely distributed, but most abundant in Ameri Floral whorls of 4 parts, or m Fruit a capsule, opening bx Sarees or pores, or by the eee down of the walls. Tribe OENOTHEREAE. Fruit dry and indehiscent, nut-like. Tribe i GAUREAE. Floral whorls of 2 parts: Tribe III. CIRCAEAE. I. OENOTHEREAE Hypanthium not prolonged beyond the ovary. Seeds naked, ae ae without a tuft of hairs. ee 3 row. opposite: stems prostrate, creeping or float- g: flowers soos or on peduncles longer than the c Flowers sessil eras wanting or very s D. RE petioled ; E sessile, sho: l flat at the a 1. ISNARDIA, | 940 EPILOBIACEAE Flowers long-peduncled: petals conspicuous . leaf-blades sessile: capsule long- pecan elongate, curved, with a prominent 4-lobed stylopodium at e apex 2. LUDWIGIANTHA. Leaves alternate: stem erect or ascending: flov ud babe the hypanthium and ie y Sometimes owed into a pedicel-like bas 3. ee has Star me. 812 T rows. 4. JUSS Seeds far rnisnéd with a tuft of duds hairs. 5. C O Hypanthium prolonged Dod the ov Seeds with a tuft of silky hairs 6. EPILOBIUM. Seeds naked or merely tuberculate. Flowers pe all the stamens equal in length: eapsule lindric or somewhat tetragonal and taper- ing ee the apex. Ovules and seeds horizontal, borne in 2 or rarely m rows, Bomae angled. T. OENOTHERA, vules and seeds ascending, ne ngled. 8. RAIMANNIA, doses with the alternate stam ao n capsule obovoid to AA tetragonal, short. a nd seeds s, not tuberculate, clus- ied an ae a li. Corolla eode nc depressed m. the apex. Style ter ‘ely lobed stigma bag. sule t A inged. 9. IXNEIFFIA. a le as + narrow stigmas: capsule 4- oncle 10. PENIOPHYLLUM. Corolla red, purple, or white: pst eee: 11. HARTMANNIA. Ovules and seeds few, sessile in 1 or 2 12. LAVAUXIA. II Herbs with entire, toothed, or pinnatifid lent blades: hypan- thium dilated upward in anthesis: achene angled. 15. GAURA. III. AEA Tender herbs with toothed leaf-blades: petals 2-lobed : fruits clavate to pyriforin. 14. CIRCAEA. 1. ISNARDIA L. Perennial succulent herbs. Leaf-blades relatively wide. Flowers axillary. Sepals 4, broad. Petals minute, reddish or green- ish, or wanting. Filaments very short. Ovary short. Style wanting or nearly so. Capsule obovoid or turbinate.—About 4 species, North American.—MaARsH- PURSLANES. WATER-PURSLANES Capsule 2.5—6 mm. long; corolla usually wanting. Plant glabrous: capsule E turgid and not constricted at the top Cap 2.5-3 n : sepals acute. $ I. palustris. Cap e 5- 6 m T i Ie acuminate. I. intermedia. Plant Dubescent: eius turgid and constricted at the top. 3 I. oo Capsule 6-7 mm. long: corolla usually present. 4, I.1 1. I. palustris L. Leaf bus berets to oval or ovate, 1.5-2.5 cm. hypanthium glabrous: buds e: iiu ae green or reddish: petals Hips or minute and r eddish: capsa . long, = rt-turbinate.—Ditches, x shore es, and swamps, various ae Fla. o Calif., Ore., "Man and N. S.—(Mez., C. ve S. A., 0. W.) cs fall. . I. intermedia Small & Alexander. Plant similar to I. palustris in habit, but the PA buds mostly acuminate: capsule d ae pe ‘turbinate or subcylindrie oeks, wet shores, and stream- banks. pen. . Fla —All 3. blades spatulate to oval, 2-2.5 I. spathulata (T. & G.) een nd ong: hypanthium pubeseent: sepals Nm than EPILOBIACEAE 941 long, or as broad as long, green: el aad globose-obovoid or obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long.—Pineland ponds, M Fla.—Sum I. repens (Sw.) DC. Leaf-blades ovate, elliptie, or ird 7 : em. long: hy pu obpyramidal: sepa B A e-lane nM) petals as s the sepals nting: T ule obpyramid [Z. natans (Ell) Sm iE e e in nos streams and m orice: Const Plain. and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tenn. and N. C.— (Mea. )—Spr. —fal 2. LUDWIGIANTHA Small. Perennial fleshy depressed herbs. Leaves numerous: blades narrow, entire. Flowers axillary. Sepals 4, nar- row. Petals yellow, conspicuous. Filaments elongate. Ovary long. Style filiform. Cap- sule elavate.—One or 2 species, of the east- ern United States. 1. L. — (Walt.) Small. Stem creep- ing: leaf-blades oblanceolate, to almost linear, 7—25 mn Es ng, obtuse or acute: peduncles gendo ongate, i than de; sepals linear- b pu -10 p uc acuminate: co 2-2.5 em. wide, p spreading, rund slightly ela wed: = stamens much e. than the p cap- sule curved, 7-10 ps ng; l S the per sistent sepa de Or dn —Swamps, o. spri ney y places, a pond-margins, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Va.—Spr.- ted species, L. brevipes Long, from N. J. might a. on the Son cd no seaboard. 3. LUDWIGIA L. Annual or perennial erect or matted herbs. Leaf- blades entire or rarely shallowly toothed. Flowers axillary or terminal. Sepals generally persistent, green or reddish. Petals usually 4, yellow. Ovary usually 4-celled. Capsule cylindric or prismatic to subglobose.—About 25 species, most abundant in North America. Corolla conspicuous; flowers peduncled: capsule opening by a terminal pore. I. ALTERNIFOLIAE. Corolla inconspicuous, obsolete, or wanting: valves of the cap- sule separating from the disk-like top. II. MICROCARPEAE, I. ALTERNIFOLIA Foliage, sepals, and capsule glabrous, B, or — appressed-pubescent. Stem-leaves with Short-petioled blades: petals about as long as the sepals: pedicel shorter than the capsule. iuri. with closely sessile blades: petals about twice as long as the sepals: pedicel longer than the D e . alternifolia. CDI. Sepals thrice as long as the hypanthium in anthesis: Style longer than the sepals. 2. L. virgata. Sepals twice as long as ie hypanthium in anthesis: style shorter than the = epa als. 3. L. maritima. Foliage, sepals, and capsule hir 4. L. hirtella. II. MICROCARPEAE Petals wanting or minute, shorter than the sepals. Capsule 1 -3 mm. long; stem-leaves of a spatulate type. Leaf-blades entire 5. L. microcarpa. MELT blades 00d dim apex eaf-blades e P spatulate: sepals mueh shorter "han the hypanthi um. 6. L. Simpsonii. 942 EPILOBIACEAE Leaf-blades narrowly spatulate: sepals about as long as one hypanthium. 7. L. Curtissii. Capsule 3-8 mm. long. "M Blades of the en leaves spatulate. 8. L. spathulifolia. Blades of the stem-leaves not spatulate. Capsule about as thick as long, not 'cyli ndri Foliage and fruit glabrous or merely aor ased: uberulent. Flowers in a terminal head or congested panicle. 9. L. suffruticosa. Flowers on. elongate interrupted spikes or ar Güpsule turbinate, cubic-turbinate, or obpyram Capsule slightly our than broad, th unded or merely squar Eon glabrous, the angles unded : bractlets adnate to the hypanthiu Capsule buberule nb the angles square: bractlets not adnate to the hypanthium. 11. L. simulata. Capsule Sien y broader than long, the angles winged or margined. Sepals Sone as broad as long, almost id long as the capsule: seeds o 12. L. alata. re broader than long, % as the capsule: seeds fad 0. L. polycarpa. cylü ndr Pic 13. L. lanceolata. Capsule globular. 14. L. a Foliage and fruit copiously pilose-tomentose. 15. L. pilosa Capsule cylindric. 16. L. glandulosa. Petals as long as or longer than the sepals. Capsule celindric, terete or nearly so. 17. L. lini oe Capsule narrowly obpyramidal. 18. L. lin 1. L. alternifolia L. Plant 6-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades lanceolate, 6-12 long: eee ovate: p oa cd the sepals: capsule slightly winged on the angles, dnd mm — (SE X.)— oye E and w done s paccm Fla. to Tex., Kans ., Ont., and N. H.—Spr.- fall Michx. Plant fastigiately branched, pens or nearly so; leaf-blades linear anceolate: Mu slightly winged on the angles.—Pine- ands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C. = nr. —fall. L. maritima Harper. Plant fastigiately Ker uen glabrous or nel so: le - blades linear to lanceolate: sepals twice long as the hypa satiate. oim "eue eapsule very inu = on angles, 2 mm. long.—Ditches and low pinelands, pen. Fla—Spr— 4. L. hirtella Raf. Plant 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-3 em. long: sepals ovate-lanceolate: petals longer s the T capsule cubie above the rounded base, about 5 mm. long.—Moist sand, ainly in acid pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Tenn., aud N. J. —Spr.—fall. rocarpa Michx. Plant low or depressed: sess spatulate or os ae, K 5-3 cm. long: sepals triangular: petals wanting: capsule broadly obpyrami 1.5-2 mm. long.—Hammocks, limesinks, and Pac Coastal Plain, Fla. n Miss. and N. C.—Spr.-fall. 6. L. Simpsonii Chapm. Plant m often decumbent: leaf-blades 1-2.5 em. long: ios triangular: petals w anting: capsule broadly iru about 2 mm. long—Hammocks, ditches, and low pinelands, pen. Fla ——BSpr.- 7. L. Curtissii Chapm. Plant erect or ascending: leaf- blades 1-2 em. long: Ais lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate: petals pud caps x turbinate, —3 mm. long.—Everglades, ponds, and ditches, pen. Fla.—Spr.— L. arde Small. brun 1. PA dii: tall, the stem narrowly ridged: t blades spatulate, 1-2.5 em. long, those of the basal shoots somewhat broader than those of the md Rd ada: e wanting: capsule broadly obpyra- zi about 4 mm. long, the angles blunt.—Wet ground, Everglades, Fla.—All Á suffruticosa Walt. Plant 3—10 ba tall: leaf-blades edid pp to narrowly erus or 2 2—10 cm. long: sepals broadly ovate lar-ovate: petals minute anting: capsule broadly obpyramida oe long. [L. capitata Michx. Wet pinelands, and shores of ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—Spr.- 10. L. polycarpa Short & Peter. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, the winged: leaf- blades p ecd ed 5—10 i long: sepals a ae petals minute, gree capsule "4-s ided, the angles rounded, 5 mm. long.—( FALSE- LOOSESTRIFE. J- Swamps, various a Tenn. to Nebr., Minn., Ont., and Mas ee ll. L. ulata Small. Plant 4-9 dm. tall, the stem nearly terete: leaf- blades peers elliptic to ee linear, 1.5-5.5 cm. long: sepals a 0 ovate-triangular: petals minute: capsule eet about 4 mm. lon Swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.— . alata Ell Plant 3-9 dm. tall, the stem pr di leaf-blades linear- ue to io e Or nearly linear, 2.5—10 cm. long: petals want- ing: capsule 3-4 mm. long, the ro ud nged. —Mar shes, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Mo., and N N. C.—Spr.-fall. 13. L. lanceolata Ell. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, the stem angled or Mei ‘winged: leaf-blades linear- boc id linear- TI "à E 2—10 e long: sepals very broad, acute: petals wanting: . lon ng; the EPILOBIACEAE 943 a: margined. “Byer erglades, swamps, and de [mE Plain, Fla. o N. C.—Su Il. 14. L. sphaerocarpa Ell. Plant 6-9 dm. tall, the dnd Pod blades lanceo- ju 9—10 cm. long: sepals triangular: petals commonly w ing: capsule about ong.—Swamps, often in acid soil, Coastal Plain and E provinees, Fla. to "La. and Mass.; and Great Lake Lowland, Ind.—Sum.-fall. ilosa i Plant 6-12 dm. tall, the stem nearly terete: A ada 1-6 petals minute or wanting: capsule cubic-globose, 4-6 mm. in diameter, hoa ary.— Swamps and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—Sum.- fall. landulosa Walt. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, the stem nearly terete: leaf- blades elliptic-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long: sepals triangular-ova > ua petals nting: capsules cylindrical, 6-8 mm. long.—Swamps, and m es, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., , Kans, Ill, and S. C. aa "et all. 17. L. linifolia Poir. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem 4-angled: leaf-blades linear-oblanceolate to linear, 2-6 cm. long: sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 944 EPILOBIACEAE acuminate: petals about as long as the sepals: capsule about 10 mm. long.— Pineland swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.-fall. 18. L. baie Walt. Plant 3-7.5 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 2.5—5 em. long: sepals triangular-ovate: petals slightly longer than the T mx 6-8 mm . long.—Swamps, on in acid soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to L (Tex.?), Tenn., and N. J.—Sum.— 4 SSIAEA L. Perennial herbs or partially woody plants, erect or dif- fuse and creeping. Leaf-blades usually entire. Flowers Sac Sepals 4-6, persistent. Petals 4—6, white or yellow, or rarely none. Stamens 8-12. 4—6-celled. Capsule linear, ellipsoid, or elavate.—About 50 species, mostly of he American tropics—Spr.—fall or all year S. Plant diffuse, the stems and branches creeping (rooting) or floating. I. DIFFUSAE. Plant erect, the stem more or less branched. II. ERECTAE. I. DIFFUSAE Corolla 2-3 cm. broad: leaf-blades long- Rcs 1. J. diffusa. Corolla 4-5 cm. broad: leaf-blades Short-petioled. 2. J. grandiflora. II. ERECTAE Capsule long-clavate, the body narrowly cylindric, more than 3 e . J. leptocarpa. P A Leaf-blades narrow : 4. J. angustifolia. Leaf-blades broad: 5. J. scabra. e short clavate the vee obeonie or cylindric-obovoid, stly less than 2 lon Leaf blades PESE curent as wings on the angles of the stem: fruit winged. 6. J. decurrens. Leaf-blades short-petioled : fruit not winged. Corolla abo "E. 1 cm. broad. T. J. erecta. Corolla 4—6 c ron Blades of ue upper leaves long and narrow. 8. J. neglecta. Blades of the upper leaves broad and short. 9. J. peruviana. l. J. diffusa Forskl. Stem glabrous: Br of the upper leaves elliptie to lanceolate, 2. m em. long: sepals 5-8 mm. long: body 2.5-4 em. long.—Ponds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and a a petals 1—1.5 em. long: capsule- Ky.—( . J. grandiflora Michx. Stem villous or hirsute: blades of the upper is narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, 3—12 cm. long: sepals about 12 mm. ~ ong: peta als s fully 2 cm. long: e ule bod lon ng “Ponds and Nea d 3. J. leptocarpa Nutt. Stem hirsute, 6-20\\ dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly elliptic or \ lanceolate e, 3-20 em. long: hypanthium hir- sute: ute: sepals lanceolate: corolla about 15 ad: capsule 3 d Ditehes and | low grounds, Coastal Plain . to Tex., Ark., and Ga.—Glabrous forms with very narrow eaf- blades and De -merous um occur in S Fla angustifolia Lam. Stem mostly 1-2 m. tall, glabrous or sparingly pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic to almost linear, varying to broadest above the middle or below it, 2-11 cm. long, usually glabrous or nearly so: hypanthium EPILOBIACEAE 945 longer than the Pa: in bud, minutely p in cde. sepals ovate, mostly less I l em. long: corolla less than 4 em. wide: sule 4—6 em. long, much longer than the pedicel-like base a stream. -banks, and low grounds Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Spr.—fall or all year S. . J. scabra Willd. Stem hirsute, 6-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to ob- ovate, 2-6 cm. long: hypanthium hirsute: sepals ovate: corolla 2-2.5 em. broad: capsule 8-5 em. long.—Moist soil, Fla.—(W. I.) 6. J. decurrens (Walt.) DC. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, oo ba blades md eeolate, 2.5-10 em. long: sepals ovate- Weed corolla 8-1 . broad: sule- -body 2—2.9 em. long.—Ditches and low grounds, Coastal - Plain and MES provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., Ill., and Md. 7. J. ta L. Stem 9-20 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades lanceolate to linear- minded 9-12 em. E hypanthium short-pubescent or glabrate: sepals lanceolate, about 5 mm. long: petals about 5 mm. long; eapsule-body cylindrie, much longer than the base, 1.5 em. long.—Hammocks, near Manatee, Fla.— (W. La NE 8. J. neglecta Small Stem mostly less than 1 m. tall, or taller in age, copiously pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic, varying to elliptic. -oblanceolate or elliptic- lanceolate, especially on the lower Pod of the stem, to elliptic- linear or narrowly linear above, mos sly, 15 em. long, pubescent on both sides: hypan- thium fer than the calyx in bud, copiously pubescent with short and long ede in anthesis: sepals Dade ovate oed over 1.5 c LE corolla over 9 em. wide: capsule 1-2 em. long. — Waste- -plaees and river-banks, about sea- Pr Coastal Plain, Fla. to.La. and N. C.—Referred to J. uie in Fl. SE U. S., 9. J. peruviana L. Stem 1—4 m. tall, hirsute: d blades ovate, oval, lan- ceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, 4—10 m lo long, or more: hypanthium hirsute: sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 10— m. long: petals 2-3 em. long: capsule- body ne -obovoid, slightly bus pen the base.—Everglades, swamps, and ban s ams , pe n. pa a.; and adv. elsewhere along the Gulf Coast.— —(W. I., "oo C. "8. A. ) 5. CHAMAENERION Adans. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire or kd So. S bien d in showy racemes. Sepals 4, deciduous. Petals ntire. Stamens 8, declined. Stigmas 4. Capsule Hr po angled. Seeds ose oo species, of the north tem- is zon angustif HI A) p. Plant 5-2 la ite, 9-15 c Meer corolla Purple or some- 5-7.5 em. A coma of Ed bn 10 mm D N N. C. to N. M., Calif. ; Ont., and Lab.—Sum.-fall.—Its abun- dud in burned over areas has given it the name of fireweed. 60 946 EPILOBIACEAE 6. EPILOBIUM L. Perennial herbs or somewhat woody plants. Leaf- blades entire or toothed. Tdowers E vs spicate, or racemose. Sepals 4, northern.—Sum.—fall—-WILLOW-HERBS. COT- TON-WEEDS 1. E. coloratum Muhl. Plant 3-9 dm. tall: leaf- blades o 5-15 cm. long: flowers als generally nodding: sepals 2.5-3.5 mm. long: petals 3—4 mm. long, un. notched cap- sule 4.5-6 cm. long.— (BRO WILLOW- HERB. )— Du cs and low grounds, various provinces, Ala. to Kans., S. D., Ont., Me. and S. C. 7. OENOTHERA L. M or biennial large herbs. Leaf-blades un- dulate or toothed. Buds Flowers nocturnal, spicate. Sepals elongate. Corolla sae Capsules A om tapering. [Onagra Adans.]—About 15 spe- cies, mostly North American.—Sum.—EVENING-PRIMROSES.—Speeies additional to the ones is below have been deseribed from the northern States and some may occur within our range. Some species are used in ornamental gardening. ura Pu el 3 em. long, the free tips subulate, less than 4 mm. long: cee 1. O. bien Ss pus 'er 3 em. long, the free tips filiform, over 5 mm. long: corolla 8-12 cm. wide. 2. O. grandiflora. 1. O. biennis L. Stem 13-25 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf-blades elliptie to lan- ceolate, a. em. long, repand-denticulate: petals Bu ight-yellow, 1-2.5 cm. - ome 18-25 V e m. long, nu terete.—( WEEDY EVENING- Paricnos® -) eg -o and thickets, arious ires ex., Minn., and La ab.—Su um.— all randiflora Ait. ipae A O. bien- nis, eee larger throughout so es 3 m tall: petals a em. long, go ae D cap- ule li tury. rge flowered forms of Oe. biennis are sometimes recorded as Oe. grandiflora. RAIMANN Rose. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf- binds sinuate or pinnatifid. Flowers axillary, sometimes aggregated in a spike, nocturnal. Petals yellow. Ovary slender. Caps sule narrowly cylindric, or rarely slightly tapering. Seeds uctus [Oenothera L. in part.]—A bout 20 species, American.—Several species are used in horticulture. EPILOBIACEAE | 947 Flowers axillary: stem and branches decumbent or prostrate. I. Hum Flowers in a terminal bracted spike. II. erence LEAR: I. HUMIFUSAE Corolla less than 5 cm, wide. Leaf- eee i eee or sinuate: capsule densely pubescent. capsule with appressed silky pubescence: Sane ‘appearing grayish. 1. R. humifusa. uL and capsule with loose, spreading pubescence: nt appearing green 2. R. mollissima. Leaftindes mostly pinnatifid : capsule not densely pubes- cent. 3. R. laciniata. _ >orolla over 6 cm. wide. 4. R. Drummondii. II. HETEROPHYLLAE | Plant relatively slender: blades of the lower leaves slender- petioled, pinnatifid, those : io un ones sessile or nearly SO, entire or obscurely toothed : ules in a virgate spike. 5. R. Curtissii. 1. R. d y Rose. Stem branched below, the branches spread- ing or dec . long, A Passé leaves various, the basal with 9 dm s ae 2 iani blades line with n E Es B n. acu re Ser PR repand or toothed blades, 2-3. em. g: flowers axillary: hypanthium 2 em. long: sepals about 1% as long as the panthium: eorolla 2-3 road: eapsule pom PA 2-3 em. long, somewhat to Miss. and N. J.—(JF. I.)—All year S. R. mollissima (L.) Sprague ee Riley. or ovate-elliptie to la uide most -5 long, acute or acuminate, entire or shallowly pos ie ers axillary: hypanthium 2.5-3 c long: corolla 1 d 3—4 em. broad: ds e cylindric, 2—2.5 em. Du copiou sly pubesce eed fully 2 mm. long, ee smooth — Fields, roadsides and waste-places, nee Plain, Fla. to Tex. nd Ga. Nat. of S. A.— —Spr.—fall. R. eres (Hill.) Rose. Stem decumbent or ascending, often branched, 1-5 dm. tall, glabrous or sparingly hirsute: leaf-blades oval, lanceolate, Aus I 2 or oblanceolate to spatulate at the base of the plant, 2.5-5 cm. lon ind at a a sinuate-dentate or often a und flowers Pub ae oe ong: sepals pudo corolla 12-36 mm. broad: capsule ae o 9 em. long, more or less palaces d see 1.2-1.5 mm. lon poni pitted. [Oenothera sinuata L ]—Sandy woods, plains, fields, and road: sides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., S. D., and Vt.—(W. I., Mex 2.)—Bpr.- gs hg ioris s (Hook.) Rose. Stem branched, the branches decumbent, ong, pubescen pui dip o -silky hai irs: leaves various; blades aer to laneeolate, or s e or obovate towards the ends of the branches, 1—4 em. long, en tire “distantly t oothed: flowers axillary: hypanthium st em. ire n em. broad: capsule cylindric, 2.5—4 em. long, spreading, curved up- eed nearly 1.5 mm. long, pitted——Sand-dunes, pinelands, and roadsides, Coastal. Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. Native only in Tex.—All year S. 5. R. Curtissii Rose. Stem slender, 1 m. tall or less, sparingly gears pubescent: leaf- iis ana to almost linear and entire or obscurely 948 EPILOBIACEAE toothed, or oblanceolate at the Ase of the stem and Aud toothed or pin- natifid, all narrowed at the base: sepals mos stly 9—11 . long, n eR Euh e tips, glabrous or with RM i ha corolla "m ut b em ovate, about 1.5 em. long: capsule d. p ate, 12-16 m. long “decidedly penne to the i ‘curved, pos pubescent: seed aon m. lon il ft pinelands, edges of hammocks, and river -banks, e 1 Plain Fla. nd Ga.—Sum.-fall.—Formerly included in Oenothera e. a Ww cere species which does not occur in our range. 9. KNEIFFIA Spach. Perennial small herbs. Leaf-blades spatulate to linear or ovate, entire or shallowly toothed. Buds mostly erect. Flowers spicate, diurnal. Petals yellow. Ovary clavate or stout. Capsule erect, cla- vate or with an ees body, 4-winged, opening in wet weather. Seed not tubercled. [Oenothera L. in part.]—About 12 species, mostly of temperate North ius m nee ce buds erect: flowers relatively large, the petals of the earlier ones 5-25 m ng. I. FRUTICOSAE. Inflorescence, at the tip, and buds nodding: flowers relatively all, the petals of the earlier ones 5-10 mm. long. II. PUMILAE. I. FRUTICOSAE Capsule linear-clavate, not stipitate. 1. A. pratensis. ape ma with a clavate or ellipsoid stipitate body. m e-body decidedly clavate at matu Hd pubescent ith ineurved glandless hairs, ith inter- Ene rsed gland-tipped hairs in K. emu nduToce. SIDSE d about as wide as long, usually much ter th ee the stipe: blades of the basal È nem narr Capsule with "indie BIDEN hairs: leaves strigillose or glabro the basal narrowly ae blades oe the cauline lin 2. K. subglobosa. Cap Zale " hirsute- strigose: leaves densely silvery- Silke blades linear- lanceolate . K. arenicola. Capsule-body decidedly longer thai wide, longer than e Eun e or about &qualliac it: blades of the basal eee broad. MORD body and stipe both pubescent with andless hairs: stipe frequently about Ee the capsule-body. nee of capsule equalling or somewhat ex- eeding the permanently pubescent body. 4. K. fruticosa. Stipe e FEE shorter than the body, whieh ends to become glabrate. ees body pubescent with minute hairs: leaves of the main stem 7-9 cm long, glabra 5. A. riparia. oe body ‘pubescent with coarse hairs: of the nd stem 3-6 em. long, dn wae pubese 6. K. brevistipata. Capsule- body pacer. Di ith glandless hairs: De with doen lar hairs: stipe shorter than e capsule-body. T. AK. semiglandulosa. Capsule-body ellipsoid or arly so, pubescent with hor LE CEPS plaid: tipped hairs, sometimes ba ra eaves ` of the main stem with linear-lanceolate, e or MAE ovate blades, not glau- stem pubescent rarely „glabrous: PeR of the ior owes 1- 2.5 c ng. Stem pubescent with long lax or spreading hairs. S. K. hybrida. Stem pubescent with short crisped hairs. Capsule-body p de E id ed into the stipe: eorolla 2—4 cm. wide. 9. K. tetragona. Capsule-body SbrUDEV narrow ed into the stipe: corolla 4—5 cm. wide. 10. K. latifolia. Leaves of the main stem w vith, ovate to lanceolate- ovate blades, glaucous beneath: stem glabrous or y F. EPILOBIACEAE rarely UE petals of the earlier flowers 2.5-3 cm. long 11. K. glauca. II. Pu AE Plants with ee A often gregarious ae stems and thickish leaf-blades 12. K. perennis. 1. X. pratensis exi: Stem 5-11 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to elliptie- lanceolate, 3-11 em. long, undu- or sinuate, acute, thin, hirsute, flat: hypanthium more O1 less hirsute sepals 17— 22 mm. long, 2 free tips 2.5—4 mm. long: petals 2-3.5 em. long: i es body davate, 17-21 mm. long, hirsute.— ( MEA SUN- DROPS.)—Low grounds, Mae d re various provinees, N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ark., Ia. Wis., and en Intr bod: in more E States cum: —fal 2. X. subglobosa Small. Stem a dm, tall, Peer widely stolonifer basal leaves 4-10 cm. long, with uu un- dula V. toothed blades: stem- n often numerous: blades linear or near 2—7 long, entire or distantly toothed. a panthium villous or silky: sepals 6-9.5 mm. long: petals 1.5 to almost 2 en ong: capsule-body globose- at 6—7 mm. us rd soil and d ines Piedmont, Ga. and Ala.—Sum.-fall. 3. K. are den boue Stem n o-4.5 dm. tall, oo leaf-blades linear of them narrov ii elliptie 5 em. long, entire or essen- tially so: hy nun m somewhat hirsute: E 5 i mm dag; petals 16-23 mm. long: capsule-body globular or p eee about 4 mn 1. long.—Sand- hills or dry pinelands, C5 astal Plain, Ga. to Miss. | Ark., and N. C.—Sum.-fall. X. fruticosa ed Eas Stem 1-6.5 dm. tall, pubescent i short, usually incur d basal leaves “Suit oval, elliptic or spatulate blades commonly 2-8 e Ion g: stem-leaves not erowded; blades spatulate a linear or linear- eine undulate or alles toothed: sepals 1-1.8 em. long, n ubese — s iE 2.5 em. long: ea p ule-body gi dud ug to ellipsoid-clav 6-14 long. [O. fruticosa L. K. linearis Spach K. longipedic ve Sma E nun one )- Open sandy places or barrens, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. Y.—Spr.-su K. riparia (Nutt.) a Stem 5-12 dm. tall: basal leaves with spatu- late blades commonly em. long: stem-leaves often numerous; blades linear to linear-lan COMI. 5-13 cm. long, or shorter on the branches, entire or undulate denticulate: sepals about 2 em. NÉ finely pubescent: petals over 2 em. long: eapsule-body d pubes allover, with minute Em mostly over 2 em. long.—River banks and nS Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. C— '—sum. K. brevistipata Pennell. Stem 2-4 dm. tall, pubescent, leaves 3-6 em. long: blades 2 p aeutish, densely strigose: sepals 7-9 re long: petals 12-15 ong: capsul body clavate- -ellipsoid, 9-6 mm. long, winged, pubescent with coarse hairs, bu beeoming glabrate.—Dry pine ed Coastal Plain, N Fla. to La.-—Su 7. K. ne coming pep lar above, purple- ds leaves 5- 9 em. long; blades PERS linear, , acutish, finely pubescent or glabrate: sepals 10-13 mm. long, acuminate: petals 15-25 em. long: eapsule- body ciavate, 8-10 mm. long, the wings exceed- semiglandulosa Pennell. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, finely pubese be- du 950 | EPILOBIACEAE ing the ridges, finely pubescent with gland- m and glandless hairs, often nearly glabrous, the stipe- -like uu shorter than 2 dy.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, W Fla. to Miss.; introd. in E N. C.—Spr.- 8. K. hybrida (Michx.) Small. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, hirsute, sometimes Sr so: leaf-blades oblanceolate to elliptic or lanceola ate 25-11 c em. long, e E or denticulate: ar p 10-15 mm. long, t e fre e tip usually «bout $ 3 ong: petals 14-21 mm. long: capsule-body Eod -ellipsoid, 4.5—10 nr sharply angled Belen. winged at the apex, Men short- -stipitate Woods meadows, and roadsides, various provinces, N. C. o Tenn. and N. S.—Sum 9. K. etragona (Roth.) Pennell. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, purple oao or green kiss leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to lanceolate or linear, 2.5-10 cm. long, entire or denticulate: jn 9—14 mm. long, the free tips about 1 mm. e petals 10-18 m A one eapsule-body ellipsoid, 6-12 mm. long, sharply angled and usually winged above, short- -stipi itate.—Dry s oil, barren places, rocky river-banks, and T grounds, various provinces, Ga. to Ala., M Mich., and N. Y.—Sum.-fall. 10. K. latifolia Rydb. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, pubescent, purplish or brow nish below: ar ges elliptie, Bn narrowly so, to elliptic- imo Or ME vue dt 3—9 em. long, entire o aes vd denticulate: sepals m. lon e free tips haar 1 mm. long: petals 18-22 mm. long: c Sere ellipsoid 1 mm. long, prominently sharply pie Below. ici above, usually very short- -stipitate ——Woods, Blue Ridge, N. C. and ——Sum 11. K. glauca (Michx.) D vin glaucous, 4-9 dm. high: leaf-blades egi d Bad ist -ovate, 5-14 em. long: sepals 20-25 mm. long: petals cru le-body ellipsoid, 11-13 mm. long, broadly 4-winged. E p os CRI SE "U. 8S.) ]—(BLUE-LEAF SUNDROPS.)—Dry woods, usually on us ree Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ky. and Va.— Spr.-f 12. K. per s (L.) Pennell. Stem puberulent, 2-6 dm. tall: basal leaves mostly with a cue or spatulate blades: stem-leaves few or many; ee elliptic to linear, 2-8 cm. long, entire or very nea rly so: sepals 5-7 mm yey etals 6-9 mm. long: se aay d obovoid or ellipsoid- gee 6-12 long, glabrous or nearly s [O. pumila L. K. pumila Spach — Open o and moist sandy grounds, ‘Blue ee and more northern provinces, N. C. to Minn ., Ont., and N. S.—Spr.- 10. PENIOPHYLLUM Pennell. Annual or biennial slender-stemmed Leaves of two forms, the basal with broad blades, the cauline linear- . Ca angled, not stipitate. Seeds angled, irregu- larly clustered.—One species. linifolium (Nutt.) Penne Stem asal leaves rem with S 2—5 b ong: sepals 2-3.5 mm. long: corolla yel- low, 6-8 mm. e oe is ema ae 4—6 mm. long: about 1m [Oenothera fn Nutt. Kneifia li nifoli olia (Nutt.) Spach]—Dry rocky hills an pes Bene Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Tex., Kans., and Ill.—Spr.— EPILOBIACEAE 951 11. HARTMANN a Spach. Annual or perennial caulescent herbs. Leaf- dr l blades commonly piunatifid or p Buds rooping. Flowers spicate, diur- nal. Hypanthium E m. Peta species, American.—Spr.—fall.—PRIMROSES. 1. H. speciosa (Nutt.) Small Plant 2-7 blades of the basal leaves ob- line, ly lanceolate to spatulate in outline, lyrate- no ls 2-4 e g: petals 2.5—5 m. long: capsules 1-2 cm. long. [Oenothera a Nutt. ]— Berit soil, fields A road- sides, various pro , La. to Ariz., Kans., and Mo.; also dierum EE from ; Mis SS. o FI la., I., and N. C.—(Mez.)—Spr.-fall.—Commonly grown in gardens Ph it escapes : LAVAUXIA Spach. Perennial or annual usually acaulescent herbs. NS bus pinnatifid. Flowers few. Petals white, pink, or pale-yellow. Hypanthium tubular, slender. Ovary short. Capsule short and stout, often winged above. seeds granular, few—About 6 species, North American e presum — Pare OSES. 1. L. triloba (Nutt.) Spach. Perennial, nearly bu throughout: leaves basal: blades oblong-lanceolate in ee 7—30 em long, runcinate-pinnatifid o sinuate, some- times ciliate: corolla whi A or pi ink, 4—6.5 em. broad: petals often 3-lobed: capsule ovoid, 20-30 mm. long, manifestly longer than broad, 4-winged above, reticulate- : tt. en calcareous soil, various provinces, Tie to Calif., Wyo., and Ky.—(Mez.) 3. GAURA L. Annual, biennial, or sei herbs. Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Flowers spicate or racemose. Hypanthium narrow, somewhat prolonged beyond the ovary. ” Pe tals unequal, with clawed blades. Stamens 8, declined. Style declined. Stigma 4-lobed, surrounded by a cup- like border. Fruit ribbed or angled.—About 18 species, North American. Anthers linear to narrowly elliptie, attached near the base. I. BIENNES. Anthers oval, attached near the middle. - Ij. PARVIFLORAE. Fruit Por stipitate, sometimes with a Soie stipetike B Fruit 6-8 mm. long: flower: buds Tess than 2 cm, pum with rounded or DUE angles. 1. G. biennis. Fruit with sharp angle Fruit pubescent: flow puri pubescent. te simple or few ascending branches above: species m from South Carolina tó Florida and Alabama. 2. G. angustifolia. 952 EPILOBIACEAE Stem diffusely much branched: species of the lower DD valley. 3. G. filiformis. Fruit glabrous: flower-buds glabrou Stem, leaves, ind: E TA rachis pubescent : 4. G. simulans. Stem, ‘leaves, and inflorescence- rachis glabrous, at least at maturity 5. G. Eatonii. Fruit 3-4 m long: flower- Buds ver 2 c lon 6. G. longiflora. Fruit T Eo into a slender stipe Ahh PPT a pedicel. T. G. Michauzii. II. PARVIF AE Rather coarse herb, with slender elongate a of inconspicu- ous flowers: 8. G. parviflora. 1. G. biennis L. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, villous-hirsute: leaf-blades lanceolate, elliptic- lanceolate, or us 3-10 em. long, remotely denticulate or merely undulat buds pubes nt: base of the hy- 8-9.5 MORN E e )—Dry soil ed stream- banks, various provinces, da. to Miss. Minn., and Que.—Sum.- fall. G. spi dale Michx. in 7-12 dm. 2. tall, finely appressed-pubesce blades of the ‘stem- leaves are ulate to ee or luc laneeolate, 1- long, acute, sinuate or ly entire, sparingly pubescent: buds pubescent: petals white , 5-6.5 mm ng: fruit elliptic, 5-9 mm. escent —Dry woods and sandy fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr. filiformis Small. Stem 1-2.5 m. tall, i puberulent: leaf- blades linear i narrowly linear-laneeolate, 2-10 c ee sharply, but finely toothed, or entire above: buds puberulent ‘less mo 1.5 em. lon ng: sepals 9-10 mm. long: petals pink- SIC 7-8 n long: fruit narrowly elliptic, 6-7 mm long, canescent.—Sandy soil, DM. Plain, Miss. to Tex. and Ark.—Sum. —fall. 4. G. simulans Small. Stem 9—20.dm. tall, loosely pubescent below: d of the Su iion oblanceolate Or narrowly spatulate to lanceolate or lin lanceolate, 2-12 em: long, pu - sharply toothed: ee a linear, rather obtuse: edis pinkish, 4.5—5 . long: fruit - 10 mm. long, glabro — Coastal sand-dunes and pinelands, S Fla.—Sum.-fal G. Eatonii Small. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, glabrous or with scattered hairs: leaf blades nearly simi oa ie 10se of the two preceding Ps s e glabrous: sepals narrowly linea er acute: Saas no 9-6 long: fruit glabrous, the body a -ovoid, 7-10 mm. long, 4 SE acd ‘into a very short stipe- ‘like base.—Sand- dunes, Punta Rassa, Fla.—Spr. 6. G. longifiora Spach. Similar to G. angustifolia in habit: leaf-blades li d narrowly so above, remotely and m toothed or entire, somewha revolute du Peg nescent: O R er 2 cm. long: sepals il 13 mm. lon petals pink, ong: fruit a o about 4 mm. > a Sandy soil, (eee Plain, Miss. (or Ala.?), La. and Tex.—Spr.-sun 7 ae Ero Spach. Stem Mee dm. tall, DA Md o w or linear-e 2.5—8 em. long, sinuate or remotely den : buds e cent: petals Ue procu reddish, (a e mm. long: sepals 1 mm. long: fruit nar- GUNNERACEAE 953 rowly ovoid, puberulent, the body 3-4 mm. long, sharply 4-angled above, nar rowed to a pedie s a od than the body. —Dry ig) and fields, vari- ous Donne. Fla. , Kans and N. C. (or Va.?).— fall. 8. G. parviflora Dougl. Stem 6-35 dm. tall, villous-hirsute: leaf-blades lanceo- late, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 3.5—10 em. ii repand- i softly pubes- cent: buds oo or Bares! so: sepals 2-3 mm. long: petals 1.5—4 mm. long: fruit fusiform, 6-8 mm. long, 4-nerved, ee between the pes —Dry soil, fields, and roadsides, v various provinces, Ala. to Calif., Ore, and S. Dak.— (Alex. )-—Spr.- 14. CIRCAEA [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs. Leaves Ui blades mostly toothed, petioled. Flowers racemose. Sepals 2. Petals white, not Stamens 2, alternate with the petals. Ovary 1-2-ce e Fru it ched. obovoid, usually with hooked hairs—About 8 species, natives of the Northern Hemisphe en ees "alk blades ovate: bracts obsolete: fruit over 3 mm. long, 2- 1. C. latifolia. Plant ‘succulent: leaf-biades cordate: bracts minute: fruit less than 3 mm. long, 1-celled. 2. C. alpina. 1. C. latifolia Hill Plant 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, 5-10 em. long, remotely denticulate: qd. 4-8 mm. long: corolla about 3 mm. NEU fruit bro oadly adi Ern e ut 4 one with stiff hair [C. aba CFL. SE. M 3] — (EN TM din NIGHTSHADE.) — "ui ich bru and thiekets, various provinces, bii to ans., S. D., Ont., 0—C. o Ehrh. with ‘salienily toothed Be blades, ae mas les ordate, and nute ee 2 cn re- ported from Texas and may occur in our ange. 5-5 e tate: pedicels 3—4 mm. long: coro ola about 2 mm. br ruit narrow iy obovoid, about ad: : A ES 2 mm. long, with soft hairs.—Cold woods, ES Blue I Ridge and more lm provinces, Ga. to Ind., S. Dak., Alas., and Lab.— (-Eurasia.)—Sum.-fall. Famity 9. GUNNERACHAE — ee FAMILY Perennial, or rarely annual, aqu r amphibious herbs. Leaves seats "to whorled: blades entire to dissected, often a kinds on the same plant. Flowers perfect or monoee Calyx 2—4 sepals. Corolla of 2-5 small petals, or wanting i of 1-8 relatively large stamens. Gynoecium of 1 of 2-4, sometimes united, carpels. Ovary inferior. Stigmas 1-4. — Eight genera and about 100 Species, widely distributed. Gynoecium 3-carpellary : stamens 3: flowers perfect. 1. PROSERPINACA. Gynoecium = a ane ey stamens 4 or 8: flowers monoecious or polygamo 2. MYRIOPHYLLUM. PROSERPINACA L. Herbs with stems decumbent or ereeping at base. Eo alternate: blades toothed or pectinate, sometimes both kinds on 954 GUNNERACEAE ne plan Flowers perfect, with the perianth in 3’s, na Sepals broad, eres deltoid, green or sometimes whitish. tamen Stigmas 3, erect. Fruit 3-earpellary. Four species, North Ame Um Leaves all nearly alike and pecti inate; blades of those DARNE Uic flowers or flower-clusters finely pectinate : stigmas stout. pectinata. Leaves all nearly alike and toothed ; blades of those subtending he flo s or flower-clusters ri or rrulate, or the der. Fruit mot auricled ; nutlets with even or uneven angle Fruit ovate or suborbicular ^ outline, with A or rounded angles, and turgid faces. 2. P. amblygona. Fruit deltoid or rhombic in outline, with acute or margined angles, and concave faces. 3. P. palustris Fruit auricled; nutlets with prominently appendaged angles. 4. P. platycarpa. 1. P. pectinata Lam. Leaf-blades e to ovate in outline, 1-3 cm. long, one- ies as dido m nearly so, the segm ments slender or filiform: subulate, about as Hie pis rachis: fruit ovoid or glo ida soid, mm. us pid pb "uu -—Ponds, ditches, and sluggish streams, various o es, Fla. to La. and Me.—Sypr.-fall.— LI is less widely distributed tha 21s o following, and is more decidedly piste to eoastal regions. 2s. P. amblygona (Fernald) Small. Leaf- tu wide as lon rate s pinnatifid or noctinate: the se mene coarse d ong, tuberenlate-roughened, thick- REN —Ponds, mp d ditches, Had ous provinces Ga. "to T EUN and Spr.—fall —— Specimens of “this species Eon Georgia have been erroneously referred to P. intermedia Mackenz 3. P. palustris L. Leaf-blades elliptic, linear, linear-lanceolate or broadened upward, mostly 2-6 cm. long, serrate or serrulate, or the submersed ones pin- natifid or pectinate, the segments slender: fruit pyramidal or zioni odas 4-5 mm. E thin-angled, 2 m m ned.— ROS -WEED.)—Moist soil, N. S.—Spr.—- 4. pupa. Small. E es elliptic varying to pea Apod or Mug 1-3 em. long, serrate, or those of the dA deeds ones, or aquatic forms all iets: ruit broad, mostly obreniform by the auricled ns bo per faces sparingly rugose.—Pools, lim sinks, and cypress swamps pen. Fla.; haps further N along the Atlantic coast —(W. I.)—A1 yea IOPHYLLUM L. Herbs with mostly submersed stems, some mcs ereeping in the mud. Leaves alternate to whorled: blades of "s emersed (floral) ones entire, toothed, or bou: those of the submersed ones larger and with finer DANI than the ers. Flowers monoecious or polyga- mous, with the perianth in 4’s and the staninae ones petaliferous, green, red, or purplish. Sepals dr na Sta r 8. Stigmas 4, recurve Fruit 4-carpellary.— About 20 species, mn pica .—W ATER-MILFOILS. DES EE GUNNERACEAE 955 Sepals broad and short: plants monoecious or polygamous. Stamens 4: corolla persistent. Floral leaves with entire or serrate blades: anthers mea petals PE 'ate. . M. heterophyllum Floral leaves with ineised-pinnatifid blades: anthers lE petals elliptic. 2. M. pinnatum. Stamens 8: corolla deciduous. 3. M. larum. Sepals lone and slender: plants dioecious. 4, M. proserpinacoides. 1. M. heterophyllum Michx. Leaves in 4’s to 6’s; blades of the usually crowded submersed ones with 6—10 un bea! of linear-filiform or capillary seg- ments; those of the floral ones elliptie, ovate, linear, or broadened upward, serrate: petals broadly ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long, porn n long: fruit globose-ovoid, 2-2.5 mm. lon d earpels with orsal ridges, med roughened.—Ponds ae sluggish streams, E provinees, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., N. J.— um.—Forms o heterophyllum have often been erroneously referred to M. verticillatum in our range. 2. M. pinnatum (Walt.) B. S. P. Leaves in 3’s to 6’s, or some of them scattered; spa E. hes p crowded submersed ^as T. pairs of a seg- those of the n ones narrow, prede icu ME thus jagged-edged; SC elliptic, 1-1.5 m ong, doin anthers nearly 1 mm. long, obtuse: fruit oval or globose-ovoid, Ls 5— "s ong; carpels with 2 puc n Po — Ponds, ditches, and muddy e various provinces, Fla. and Man. —(W. I.)—Spr.-su um. M. laxum Shuttlw. Leaves in 4's; blades of the PE E submersed ones with 3-7 pairs of a diis ments; those of the floral ones spatulate: petals elliptic, 2.5-3 long: anthers line ear to narrowly elliptic, about as long as the i. fruit ovoid- bep about 1.5 mm. long; earpels maa warty. - Ponds and lakes, Coastal Plain, N Fla., S Ga. and S Ala.—Sum 4. M. proserpinacoides Gill Leaves in 4's and 5's, feather-like; blades of the submersed and floral ones nearly or quite up all rather remote, 2 mostly 10—15 pairs of linear-subulate or rarely r ar- ~spatulate segm e i r sle nae (WATER-FE PARROT ’S-FEATHER. )—Pools, and ditches, M Plain, Fla, to Tex.; KR ‘locally as a N as N. Y.—Native of S. Am.—Spr.-fall. Order AMMIALES Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple or compound. owers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, often borne in umbels. Calyx of typically 5 small sepals surmounting tlie hypanthium. Corolla typically of 5 petals, or wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as the sepals. Gynoecium 2-carpellary or rarely several- l-earpellary. Ovary inferior. Fruit drupaceous or baccate, or dry an then a cremocarp. Fruit ee or baccate: gynoecium 1-several-carpellary, if 2-carpellary, stigmas Po single or united: ovule with a dorsal raphe: leaves mostly opposite; blades ntire or merely toothed. Fam. 1. NYSSACEAE. 956 | NYSSACEAE Styles distinct: ovule with a ventral raphe: leaves mostly alternate ; blades lobed or eo nd. . Fam. 2. HEDERACEAE. Fruit dry, a cr emocarp: gynoecium 2-carpellary: stigma terminal. "ain. 3. AMMIACEAE. FaxiLy d. NYSSACHAK —Docwoop FAMILY Shrubs or trees, or rarely partly herbaceous plants. Leaves opposite or alternate: blades usually entire. Flowers perfect or unisexual, borne in naked or involuerate open or congested cymes. Calyx of mostly 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5, or rarely more, petals, or wanting. Androecium it o 2—4 S im o united earpels. Styles united. Fruit mostly a drupe.—Sixteen genera and about 90 species, most abundant 1n the ios: M, cb dioecious or polygamo-dioecious; stigmas lateral: drupe celled. lo NYSSA. Flow ers perfect : stigmas terminal: drupe 2-celled, 2-seeded. Flowers in open cymes, not subtended by an involucre: fruit surmounted by the style, globular, not re 2. SVIDA. m in a head, subtended by a large involucre: fruit sur- ed by the calyx, elongate, pt ed. 3. CYNOXYLON. 1. NYSSA L. Shrubs or trees, with terete branches. Leaves alter- nate, deciduous. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, green, the staminate with 5-sev- eral sepals and 5—many stamens, the pistillate with 5 sepals and a 1-eelled pistil. Drupe somewhat elongate.—A bout 8 species, North American and Asiatic.—Spr. Pistillate flowers 2 or more together: drupe small (1-1.5 cm.), black, beneath a bloom ; stone smooth or bluntly ridged. I. MULTIFLORAE. Pistillate flowers solitary: drupe large (3-4 cm.), purple to red; Stone winged or sharply ridged. II. UÜNIFLORAE. : ULTI eru Leaf-blades obovate to ovate: stone n early ribles Leaí- HM spatulate, oblanceolate or eDi: tone ‘ribbed, Drupe oval to ellipsoid: leaf-blades mostly are E long. ine globular: leaf-blades mostly 2.5-7 c 7. sylvatica. QA . N. biflora. N. ursina. Q2to UNIFLORAE Pistillate flowers short-pedicelled : drupe red ; stone winged. Leaf-blades narrow, acuminate: shrub w ith nde. onda stems and erect branches. 4. N. acuminata. Leaf-blades br ae obtuse or abruptly pointed: tree with spread- ing branche 5. N. Ogeche. Pistillate fio eee "long- pedicelled: drupe purple or blue; stone sharp-ridged. 6. N. aquatica. Sylvatica Marsh. Tree becoming 50 tall, with D -checked 1. N. bark: leaf- ur us or obox rate, sometimes pubescent 1 ‘beneath, 5-15 em. long: sto ick ; , us ides. various oe Fla. to Tex., , Miel and Me.—The wood of e and the next Chae. species is used for ing ous utensils. It is an Sea or nd ns and Soft, but tough. 2. N. bifora Walt. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, with os ridged bark: leaf-blades Pur ate, spatulate, or elliptie, mostly 2—12 c A ng: drupe oval or ellipsoid, 10- 13 mm 6 eng; pos ar 8-10 mm. lon or sometimes lon or rarely Buc e ` NYSSACEAE 957 (WATER-GUM. | WATER-TUPELO. | BLACK-GUM.)—Swamps and e margins,. Coastal Plain and ar prov inces, Fla. to Tex. and Del. (or N. A form with rather. small blunt leaves and roundish drupes 6—7 mm. in d from the -o re eg ons o South Carolina to Virginia may represent an addi- tional spee rsina Small. Shrub with copiously branched stems or a small much- br anched tree: leaf-blades elliptie, often narrowly so, to spatulate, 2.5-7 em. long, coriaceous, iA Dea at -o r P drupe globular, 9—1 X r, y fleshy; ong.—( BEAR-GUM.) —Pineland mps, Apalachicola River n Fla. —A a branehed shrub with the habit of Cliftonia uw i with which E grow S, a by its n pu small leaves and in flo ' fruit, by 'ery numerous flower clusters fruits, respeetive B. The e juicy drupes, S oan a bitter, are a favorite food of the bears of the regio cuminata Small. Shrub becoming 3 m. tall, usually with numerous erect [cen leaf-blades narrowly elliptie or oblanceolate, 4—16 em. lon acuminate: drupe ellipsoid, about 2 em. long.—Pineland swamps near the coast, Ga. geche Marsh. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the stem crooked; leaf- blades elliptic, varying to Mou ME Or lanceolate, or pann E. 5-90 em. long, usually entire: petioles about le . long: drupe 3-4 c than the pedicel; stone papery-winge p (Oa b E "OS M TUPELO-GUM.)—Wet swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.—The fruits are used to make an acid drink and for a preserve. The d is white, light, soft and tough. 6. N. a L. Tree becomi ing 35 m. tall, be stem o leaf-blades ovate to mu 9-30 cm. ng, often sinuate or coarsely toothed; petioles 2.5 em. long: drupe n 3 en pm dark-purple, Eu than the pedi cel; stone sharp- ridged.— ( TUPELO-GUM. COTTON-GUM.)—River- a Coastal eee c rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ill, and Va.—The w is used for various utensils. It is light- -brown or nearly white, soft, but tough. 2. SVIDA Opiz. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate. Flowers in naked corymb-like cymes. Sepals 4, minute. Petals 4, white, spreading. Stamens 4. Drupe globular or depress d. [Cornus L. in part About 15 species, North Ameriean.—Spr.—CORNELS.—Some species are used medicinally. Leaves alternate, approximate at the end of the branches: drupe deep-blue or blue-black. 1. S. alternifolia. Leaves opposite, remote: drupe white or pale-blue or light-blue. Lower leaf-surfaces glabrou wigs grav: drupe white: stone broader than long. 2. S. femina. i m reddish-brown : drupe pale-blue: stone mostly th Lower leaf surfaces with straight or curled h Stones longer than broad: drupe 3-4 mm in "dini eter Leaf. lades membranous, those below a peduncle ellip- tie or oval. 4 Leaf blades Eum those below a peduncle ovate to ovate-lanceolat Stones re e long: drupe 6-8 mm. in diam Sep m Shorter than the Ropa eae pr S hito e sharply 4-angled. 6 Sepals a as long as the hoodutituns drupe pale- blue: stone slightly angled. 3. S. stricta. . S. microcarpa 5. S. Priceae. . S. asperifolia. . S. Amomum. . S. alternifolia (L. f.) Small Shrub, or tree sometimes 9 m. tall: leaf- blades elliptic or oval, varying to ovate or obovate, 5-15 em. long, whitish be- 958 NYSSACEAE neath, prominently ribbed: petals Mug ovate: drupe depressed-globose, 8-10 m diameter, blue-black.—( PAGODA-CORNEL. "Ua BRELLA-CORN Er mE ; ios and thick- ets, various 2j ovinees, Fla. to Ala., Minn and N. B.—The Drown pon is close- grained and hard. 2. S. femina (Mill) Small. Day: ies bose, : ima (Marsh.) S mall]— River -banks, thickets, and roadsides, various provinces, Ga. to Nebr., Minn and Me. 3. S. stricta (Lam.) Small Shrub, or small tree with smoothish Dus bel bi "y Eire oval, or ovate, 4—12 cm. long: petals linear-oblong t ea lanceolate: drupe 5- 6 mm. in D pale-blue.—Swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ind., and Va. 4. S. microcarpa (Nash) Small. Shrub with brownish twigs: leaf- pus D or elliptic, 3-9 cm. long: petals ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate: drupe a . in diameter, light-blue.—Low woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga. 5. S. Priceae Small. Shrub with red twigs: leaf-blades d ovate- elliptie, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-12 em. long: petals narrowly 1 olate: drupe about 3 mm. in diameter, white. — Bluffs and river banks, THE pm Pla- teaus, Tenn. and Ky. 6. S. asperifolia (Michx.) Small. Shrub e a ies twigs: e Mis pios to elliptie or oval, 4-15 em. long: drupe in diameter, ( H-LEAF CORNEL. )—Low E or moist TA various ike E: p Blue , Ridge, Ala. to Tex., Minn., and Ont 7 Mill.) Small. Shrub with purple twigs: leaf-blades lanceo- late to broadly ovate, 3-13 em. long, silky and often somewhat rusty beneath: upe : 8 mm. in u mmon, in ist streams.—(KINNIKINNIK. SILEY-CORNEL.)— Wet places and stream- -banks, a ‘provinces, Fla. to Tex., N. D., and Newf. 3. CYNOXYL Raf. Trees. Leaves opposite. Flowers perfect, borne ON involucrate heads. Sepals 4, Hie] ovate to oblong. Petals 4, greenish St 4, or yellow-green, rvin Drupe elongate. Two species, non pem can. iptie to han 5—18 cm. long, pale beneath: involucral bracts white. or pink, obovate, 4—6 e g ls linear, 3 m. long: drupe ellipsoid to ple about 15 mm. long, ///7. red. [Cornus florida L.]—(FLOWERING poc-[i|:: D.)—Hamm dus und rieh od various n Fla. »: Tex., Minn., E= always a black crumple por. the tip of udi eal bract. The very close- HEDERACEAE 959 grained wood is sometimes used as a substitute for boxwood, in wood engraving and for a variety of articles. Faminy 2. HEDERACEAE — Ivy FAMILY Herbs, shrubs, or vin Leaves alternate: blades simple or compound. Flowers pes qe or pipes often umbellate. Calyx of 5 sepals, or obsolete. Corolla of 5 or 10 petals. Gynoecium of 2-5 united earpels. Styles often distinct. Fruit a berry or a drupe.—Fifty-two genera and about 475 species, natives of the north ime id zone. Vines: leaf-blades simple. Herbs, shrubs or ye leaf- blades compound. 1. HEDERA. Umbel simple: plant scapose, the bracts whorled : styles 2 or 3. 2. PANAX. Umbel compound : plant caulescent, the leaves alternate : Styles 5. 3. ARALIA. 1. HEDERA L. Vines. Leaf-blades leathery, entire or lobed. Flowers polygamous, in panicled umbels. Sepals 5, or obsolete. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled. Styles united. Fruit angled | —One species, in many cult. varietie l. H. Helix L. Evergreen vine, with aérial eb aie blades ovate ? su Suborbicular, ird or 3—9-lobe ed, 2—10 lon ng: hy- ovate, Dio een. 2—3 mm. long: fruit about 10 mm. in diameter.—(ENcrisH Ivy.) e : throughout U. ometimes used edie. nally.—Ivy is a histor T its o Ev ing back into ancient mytholo ogy. The Hedera comes down through the Rom man In E it has furnished a resin for vou. a de and tanning atop PANAX L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades palmately compound. Scape "e with a whorl of bracts quite similar to the leaves. Umbel uL Ovary m mostly 2- or 3-celled.. Styles distinct. Fruit red, yellowish, or yellow Seven species, North American and Asiatic. Rootstock globular: leaflets sessile, obtuse: berry yellow. 1. P. trifol Rootstock fusiform: leaflets stalked, acuminate: berry red. 2. P. Ae bee 1. P. trifolium L. Plant 1-2 dm. tall: bracts 3: leaflets 3, the blades ee 1-8 em. long: petals white: berry 4-5 mm. = ad.— —(Dwanr-a1 NSENG. NUT.)—Damp places in woods, various pro inces, Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Tl, 5 (A Minn., and N. S.—Spr. 2. P.quinquefolium L. Plant 2—4 dm. tall: bracts 3 or 5: leaflet d the blades ps ish: berry 8-10 mm. br oad.— (GINSENG. provinces, Fla. to La., Nebr. Minn., and Que.—Sum.— 1 plant is now extensively cultivated. 960 AMMIACEAE 3. ARALIA [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes prickle-armed or spiny. Leaves alternate: blades pinnately or ternate ly com- pound. mbel Noe MET Flowers white or greenish. Ovary mostly 5-celled. Styles distinct or united at the base. Fruit black. About 30 species, North American and Asiatie.—SPIKENARDS. SARSAPARILLAS.—Several of the species are used in medicine. Umbels few, in terminal e mbs or few-rayed umbels nn with elongate Ead a pedun cle or a leaf, or both, ap oe r at ntervals from the rootsto ck. 1. udicaulis. Plant with leafy branches arising from the rootstock. 2. Fu his spida. Umbels numerous, in terminal y axillary racemes or panicles. Large unarmed rb: leafiets membranous: hypanthium cam- panulate : e globular 3. A. racemosa. Shrub or small tree, with prickle-armed stems: leaflets leathery : hypanthium DEOSdIS turbinate: anthers ellipsoid. 4. A. spinosa. . A. nudicaulis L. Plant 2-3.5 dm. tall, sparingly soft-pubescent or gla. brous: "lead poen solitary: inflorescence overtopped by the leaf: berry 6 mm. in s eter: seed 4.5-5 mm. long, very flat.— (WIL serene LA. )— Woods and rocky hillsides, various m Ga. to Mo., Man., and Newf.—Spring-s 2. A. hispida Vent. Plant 2-9 dm. bristly pubescent: leaves several or many: urn ae overtopping the leaves: of nudi cky woods, various provinces, Coastal t inn A. racemosa L. Large e herb 1-2 m. ta H, unarmed: blades of the leaflets me mbranous: hypanthium campanulate: petals Pd xod than the hypanthium: berry 4-5 mm. in diameter: seed about long.—(SPIKENARD. HUNGRY-ROOT.)—Rich anes various provinces, da. 1 ) Miss. S Mo. , S. D., and N. B.—5um A. spinosa L. Shrub or small tree, prickle-armed: blades of the Pipe ypan berry 6-7 mm. in diameter: seed abo mm. | PRI -ASH ae ACHE-TR LES-CLUB. PRICKLY-ELDER. DEVIL’S-WALKINGSTICK.).— Low E nds and woods, various provinces, Fla., to Tex., Mo., and N. = un —S ometimes Ee for ornament. The bark and fru its are oeeasi The brown heart-wood is streaked with yellow, d sed i icine. grained en Night and soft. Famity 3. AMMIACEAE — Carrot FAMILY Herbs with hollow stems. Leaves typically alternate: blades s or sometimes merely toothed, or entire. Flowers perfect or polyg umbellate. Calyx ot 5 tooth- like sepals, or obsolete. Corolla of e ole Androecium of 5 stamens. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, often with a ae gee E dry, a eremocarp, the ribbed or winged carpels sepa- r —About 250 genera and more than 2,000 species, ide. distributed, bui most abundant in the tropies. AMMIACEAE Flowers densely capitate: fruit scaly, ribless Flowers evidently umbelled, the umbels sometimes compact : fruit ribbed, or if ribless, not scaly. Fruit oo covered with hooked prickles or stellate Fruit “with hooked prickles, pointed at the apex, the tied Oo S broadly VER leaf-blades pinnately or pal- y 3-—'-foliolat Fruit “with stellate huis. broadly rounded at the DE 2 the carpels nearly distinct: leaf-blades Fruit ribbed, at least on the beak. ay ribs of the carpels mor e prominent than the pri E armed with prickles, the primary ribs bri Seco ndary ribs wanting, the primary ones evident or ent. Fruit | iron ear e linear- clavate, several times longer than Fruit short, ellipsoid io globose, less than twice as long as wide, Fruit BT in cross-section or compressed t ] Umbels simple, rarely proliferous: leaves with blades Umbels com ound, if simple the leaves mere hollow phyllodia p much flattened dorsall y, with the lat- 'al ribs Mor or less strongly winged. I. ERYNGIEAE Erect or prostrate herbs, often with bristly or spiny leaves and bracts, the inflorescence frequently highly colored. . SANICULEAE Erect herbs with palmate S and irregular umbels, the flowers perfect and stamin IIa EAE s stemmed herbs, with siender-petioied ee and ort-peduncled, few -flowered axillary umbel III. CAUCALIEAE Sepals obsolete : fruit dorsally flattened. Sepals prominent: fruit laterally flattened. IV. OSMORRHIZEAE Fruit bristly. Fruit with an elongate beak longer than the body, not nee at the base. AE narrowed at the base. Fruit n bri Fr ee "beaked, the beak shorter than the body: oil-tubes Fruit. Pon dcos 2: slightly beaked : oil-tubes present. cave: leaf- blades decompound: annual lants. ur -face flat: leaf-blades 3-foliolate: perennial nts. V. HYDROCOTYLEAE Ed oo secondary ribs or reticulations: involucre Fruit swith secondary ribs and reticulations: involucre pre VI. AMMINEAE Coro NAE greenish, or PORRI ruit 'ete or nearl Umbel compound : oH much-divided. Ribs of the carpels all corky thickened. 61 Tribe I, ERYNGIEAE. II. SANICULEAE. IIa, BOWLESIEAE. III. CAUCALIEAE. IV. OSMORRHIZEAE. V. HYDROCOTYLEAE. VI. AMMINEAE. VII. ANGELICEAE. 1. ERYNGIUM. to . SANICULA. 2a, BOWLESIA. DAUCUS. 'TORILIS. "mud 5. SCANDIX. 6. OSMORRHIZA. -1 . CEREFOLIUM. 8. CHAEROPHYLLUM. 9. DERINGA. bee 0. HYDROCOTYLE. 11. CENTELLA. 12. CYNOSCIADIUM. 962 AMMIACEAE Ribs os the carpels slender, the lateral sometimes orky. Fruit subglobose. Fruit ellipsoid. n simple: leaves philodia-like, linear or spatu- Fruit laterally peted. Fr Fruit Eo "I Carpels a one flattened laterally, the fruit nearly orbicular. Carpels nearly ter or only slightly flattened. Carpels without ol tubes. resent: carpel-cribs wavy-mar- Involucre wanting. Carpels with oil-tubes. eed- face Meal oil-tubes more than one early So: oil-tubes usu- Stylopodium depressed. | Carpels with the lateral ribs n. leaf-blades bipinnate, ents lanceolate. filiform se nts. rd M e leaf- blades pinnate. Carpelribs ao winged: eaf- blades finely dissected e linear or filiform segmen BOE conic. es e at least the lateral, yth ns ed. ruit 8-10 long, umbel rays 5 or less. m. long, mbel rays num ou Carpel L-ribs not corky-thickened. Umbels, at least the lower ones, opp site the leaves Carpel-ribs slender winged, stylo- p m prominent on the mature stylo- Carpel-tibs corky-thickened, n the ma- Pog noo prominent o Corolla yellow or emn adn, sometimes purple in Thaspium. Leaf-blad es simple, perfoliate: carpels ure oil-tubes. pum compound: carpels with Men tubes Fruit not Wattened.: carpel-ribs winged. Fruit fiattened laterally : carpel- Bo not winged. eaf-segments entire. TAS ma toothed, 2 or lobed. ylopodiu Stylopodium A voluc of 2-4 linear bracts: stylopo- ium "depresse ed. Involucre wanting: stylopodium conic. VII. ANGELICEAE Corolla yellow : stylopodium depressed. Fruit with thick corky lateral ribs oo obsolete dorsal ribs: oil-tubes several in the inter Fruit with thin-margined lateral ribs ona evident dorsal ribs: oil-tubes eene. n the intervals. Leaf- segments v orta Leaf- -segments bro 33. 34. 39. 36. 37. . CORIANDRUM. . LIGUSTICUM. . LILAEOPSIS. . SPERMOLEPIS. ERIGENIA. M. . AEGOPODIUM. EULOPHUS. CICUTA. SIUM. AMMI. TREPOCARPUS. . PTILIMNIUM. HARPERELLA. CELERI. . CXCLOSPBRMUM. BUPLEURUM. 'THASPIUM. 'TAENIDIA. . ZIZIA. APIUM Poe sic PUR: PLEIOTAENIA. ANETHUM. PASTINACA. AMMIACEAE Corolla white: stylopodium conic (except in Angelica). Oil-tubes morc than one in the intervals. es 2-3 pinnately decompound, the segments na ions 38. CONIOSELINUM. Leaf-blades 1-2 ternately divided, the segments b 39. ANGELICA. Oil-tubes solitary in the inter Fruit notched at the apex, M carpels very flat. 40. HERACLEUM. Fruit not notched at the apex, the carpels not very flat. 41. OXYPOLIS. 1. ERYNGIUM Tourn. L. Biennial or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades spiny-toothed, lobed o r incised, or rarely entire. Bracts of the involucre often ing the leaves. Sepals acute or spine-like. Gos. BUTTON-SNAKEROOTS.— Some species are accredited with medicinal paneer Leaf-blades parallel-veined. I. AQUATICA, Leaf-blades not pa arallel veined. ades of the b asal- leaves lobed or parted, the segments spine-tipped. Heads Sa as spiny-bristly: bracts and bractlets 3—5-pronged. II. AROMATICA. Heads ovoid to K not bristly: bracts and bract- lets not 3-pronged. III. DIVARICATA. Blades i the basal leaves entire or merely toothed. Stem and ae es filiform or very slender, prostrate: Dla nts bi IV. PROSTRATA. Stem relatively stout, erect or ascending: plants peren- nial, or, perhaps rarely biennial. V. INTEGRIFOLIA. I. A A Petals ovate, acuminate: bristles on the leaf-margin solitary. 1. E. aquaticum. un Dod ee mucronate: bristles on the leaf-margin r 2-4 together. 2. E. synchaetum. II. AROMAT Diffuse plant, the br anches from the top of uie r iu inflorescence near the tip of the branches widely anched. 3. E. aromaticum. Plant erect, the stem corymbosely branched at the top: leaf- blades with 3-5 apical prong-like teeth. 3a. E. cuneifolium. IIL DIVARICA | Prostrate plant, the heads mostly axillary, di — than wide. 4. E. divaricatum. a ATA Bractlets longer than the flowers: s with narrow blades or segments: fruit strongly “tubereulate b. E. Baldwinii. Bractlets shorter than the flow m-leaves I broad blades or segments: fruit Bot. Pe tuberculate. 6. E. prostratum. VY. INTEGRIFOLIA Lower leaves with elongated hollow petioles and long blades. Bractlets entire. T. E. floridanum. Bractlets 3- Done ed. s us the bractlets unequal, the lateral teeth 8. E. virginianum. Tee f the bractlets about equal. 9. E. Ravenelii. Lower us with short petioles and bI lades Leaf-blades ovate, iun 5 e or CE serrate or cre- nate: heads mostly r 7 mm. high. 10. E. integrifolium. Leaf-blades linear or eoa e laciniately toothed, at least near the base: heads mostly less than 7 mm. high. 11. E. ludovicianum. 1. E. aquaticum L. Plant 3—18 dm. tall: blades of the lower inis broadly linear, mostly 2-9 dm. long, stiff: sepals ovate to elliptie-ovate, about 2.5 mm. 964 AMMIACEAE long petals over 2 mm. d fruit 3.5—4 long.— (CoRN- Er RATTLE- EX AKE-M ae )—Low y Miei swamps, and acid s, various pos es, Pe a. to 3 Xin, E. nn.—Spr ari e Spe- | is somewhat of a misnomer, as Td Een teu grows in T dry soil. E. synchaetum (A. Gray) Rose. Plant 3-9 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves nar rowly d usually pliable: sepals poss ovate deltoid-o ONS) ae 1.8 long: petals pa ss than mm. long: fruit 2-2.5 mm. long. ` Pinelmds and prairies, M oum Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark., an ee ag a — fa Il.—A. decoction made from the stitutes the ceremonial '' blaek- drink? ? "ot. ake Seminoles. E. aromaticum Baldw. Plant ultimately diffuse, the branches 1-6 dm. long: blades A the lower es spatulate in 2d ey denis Or pd bee sus parted, 3—4 em. long, pale-margined: heads ing 8 . long: sepals lanceolate, 2— z mm. long, poc petals fully 1.5 n fruit granu- lar, 1.5-2 mm. long, or rarely smaller.—Dry pinela Piu Coastal Plain, Fla. and adj. Ga.—Spr. Bais ere érroneously accredited to 3a. E. cuneifolium Small. Plant erect, 2— 5 dm. tall: blades of the numerous basal leaves d bu o s 3-5 5 apical teeth callous-margined spin tipped: heads becoming : diameter: sepals lanceo late, 1.5-2 mm fr l long, acuminate: hen: Ead 14 5 mm, long: fruit scarcely 1.5 mm, ong.— Serub, S part of Lake Region, Fla—Sum.—fall 4, E. divaricatum H. & A. Plant prostrate: blades of the lower leaves bipin- natifid, those of the upper ones pinnatifid, the segments linear to lanceolate, minutely spine-tipped: heads ovoid, becoming ellipsoid, 1 em. long o r less; braets of the involuere linear- MN spreading: fruit less s 1 mm. long, ristly.—Low grounds and waste- places, around sea-ports, Fla. to N. C. Nat. of Argentina ——Spr.-fall or all year S. 5. E. Baldwinii Spreng. Plant prostrate: blades of ba koar a es porta varying to badge above or below the middle, 2-9 e ong: heads eylindrie: bra of the involuere subulate. cu a B Eus p Coastal Plain, la. to La. and Ga.—Spr.—fall. - 2 seers Nutt. Plant pr ostrate: o of the basal leaves elliptie or 2-4 em. long: heads ellipsoid: bracts of the involucre linear- Serge » ues spatulate: —Low gro ands and Ct places Coastal Plain and adj. pro inces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ky., an —Sum E. floridanum Coult. & Rose. Stem 6-9 ae tall: blades of the Ei er leaves narrowly elliptie ds linear-laneeolate, 3—11 e Hi long entire or nearly s ads becoming about 1 em. long: sepals ovate, about 2 mm. long: pet etals nen i mm. long: fruit about 2 mm. long.—Brae kish marshes, Fla. —Spr.—fall. . E. virginianum Lam. Stem 3-9 un hon blades of the lower leaves linear, to oblan eeolate, 15—40 em. long, u undul or toothed, often coarsely s : heads becoming abo ut 1.5 cm. long: sepals lanceolate about 2.5 mm. long, s ne rer petals 1-1.5 mm, long: fruit abou 1.5 mm long. [E. pra id —Low grounds and swanps, bud Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. J.— eme AMMIACEAE 965 9. E. Ravenelii A. Gray. Stem 5-10 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves MI elongate-linear, 25-50 em. long, undulate or Sd o heads becoming 1-1.5 em. long: sepals ovate or ovate-lance 2—3 . long, short-acuminate: petals 1.5-2 mm. long: fruit Bon 2— dx mm. er TE. Met- taueri Wood |—Swampy mindande. Coastal Plain, Fla. to 3. C.—Sum.-fall. eee Bu Stem 4—9 dm. c B of the lower leaves ipti O ut m. i p a 1.5 mm. long, a cute: T als 1-1.3 mm. long: fruit ng: 1.5-2 mm. long. LE: virgatum Lam. or ee ae Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Tenn., and N. C—Sum «Li cianum Morong. Stem more dd Dis in E. integrifolium: blades of nee lower leaves linear-spatulate, 3-7 ae Vd e heads depressed, less than 1 em. lon ng at maturi NE pi , 1-1.5 m ong, abruptly pointed: petals 1-1.5 mm. long: ian about 1 mm. En ong ow ic lands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex — smn m.—fal 2. SANICULA [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial, glabrous or nearly glabrous herbs. Leaves alternate: blades pinnatifid or palmately 3—7-foliolate: leaflets toothed or ineised. mbels irregular, compound, few-rayed. Bracts of the involueres resembling the leaves. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals white, yel- lowish, or purpl Fruit subglobose or en somewhat dorsally flattened, armed with hooked bristles: carpels ribless: oil-tubes usually 5.—About 25 species, of wide geographic distribution.—Spr.-fall.—SNAKE-ROOTS. BLACK SNAKE-ROOTS SANICLES.—Some species are used in medicine. Perennial plants: stamens and style exsert Roots slender: leaf-blades 5-divided ua 5- Er olrdinsO A and Styles exserted. etals and anthers greenish-white: sepals linear-subu lat fruit about 6 mm. long. pes E pd anthers yellow: sepals ovate: fruit about 3 2. S. gregaria. E . S. marylandica. Roots tuberous ‘thickened : ee blades 3-divided or 3-foliolate: stamens and style short-exserted. 3. S. Smallii. Biennial Dn stamens and style include A Pedicels of the staminate flowers 3-4 times the length of the hypanthium and calyx: a with 2 pam oil tubes. 4. S. trifoliata. ‘ e hypanthium and calyx: seed with 5 mate oil- tubes. Leaf-blades becoming 8-15 cem. udi leaflets or leaf- segments thin, the teeth weakly aculeate. 5. S. canadensis. Leaf-blades mostly less than 6 em. bud. leaflets or leaf- segments thickish, the teeth spinulose-cuspi idate. 6. S. floridana. 1. S. marylandica L. Stem 4.5-13 dm. tall, mostly simple below the infio- rescence: leaves bluish- Ne m of seale- like bractlets: petals slightly longer than the sepals: fruit obovoid, not stipitate.— ( BLACK-SNAKEROOT.) —Hieh woods and thickets, various provinces, Ga. to Miss., Colo., Alb., Ont t.; and Newf. . gregaria Bicknell. Stem 3-9 tall, widely branched: leaves bright-gre "n volueels of foliaceous pus uie. m longer than the sepals: broadly ob- ovoid, stipitate.—Moist w m and thickets, various provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Fla. to Kans., Nebr., Wis., and Vt. S. Smallii Bicknell. be 2.5-6 s tall, wW idely branched: lea pale-green: in- volucels of very E E actlets: Ta 966 AMMIACEAE de longer than the sepals, greenish: fruit ovoid.—Rieh soil or rocky woods, arious provinces, Fla. to Miss., Mo., and N. C. 4. S. trifoliata Bicknell. Stem 3-8 dm. tall: divisions of the leaf ovate or rhombic: involuere of foliaceous bracts: petals gre eenish: fruits ellipsoid or broader, 7 mm. long at maturity.—Rieh woods, various provinces N of Co astal Plain, Tenn. to Ind., Ont., Vt., and Me. 5. S. canadensis L. Stem 3-13 dm. tall: divisions of the leaf-blade cuneate- obovate to narrowly elliptic: involuer re of minute bracts: petals greenish: fruit ei E 3-5 mm. long, very short-stipitate-——Rich woods and thickets, arious provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Minn. and N. H.—Apparently not m Canada as the name implies. 6. S. floridana Bicknell. Similar to S. canadensis in habit, bod smaller through- out: divisions of the leaf-blades abruptly cuneate with con sides: involuere of very small or minute bracts: petals green: fruit a qoe that of S. ae Rcs dud soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. C. 2a. BOWLESIA R. & P. Annual eaulescent ilie with stellate pubes- cence. Leaves opposite: blades merely lobed. Flowers in simple, few-flow- er ed umbels which terminate axillary peduncles. Sepals 5, prominent. Corolla h flat. dorsally ae. the face essentially flat.— About a dozen species, mostly South Ameri- ean. 1. B. septentrionalis Coult. & aE Stems n 0.5—6 dm te, 1.5-3 em. bro thin 5-lobed, slender-petioled: P short peduneled 1-4-flowered l; fruit about 2 n. long, s sessile or Hoo E —Rieh soil, marshes, Swamps; and woods, various De ees, La. to Calif. —Bpr. 3. DAUCUS [Tourn.] L. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaf-blades pin- nately decompound. Umbels compound. Involucres and involueels various, or wanting. Sepals minute or obsolete. Petals white or rarely colored, often unequal, broadest above the middle, inflexed at the apex. ruit longer than broad: earpels with 5 low primary ribs and 4 winged seeondary ribs which are also armed with a row of barbed vada oil-tubes solitary under the secondary ribs and 2 on the inner face.—About 25 species, widely distributed.— Cannors. Carpels broadest at the middle; wings divided into 12 or more pus a 1 arota Carpels broadest below the middle; wings parted into 1-8 flat prickles. 2. D. pusillus. 1. D. a L. Stem bristly-hispid, erect, 4—12 dm. tall, often branched, eae "leaf. -segments acute or cuspidate, cleft or toothed: ‘rays of the com- AMMIACEAE 967 pound umbel Pipa eee white or rarely pink, few ach umbel larger than the rest, “the sey puo often pur ple: | petals very u dem suborbicular, unequally í ; Ly C) IN cleft, crisped: fruit 3—4 mm. long, the car- / ] he wings | DEVIL UE.)—In fields p waste- places, cus throughout N. A.; except the extreme N and S. Nat of Eurasia. -) pr. —fall The root of the culti- vated plant is esculent. . pusillus Michx. Stem retrorsely his- 2d py 1-8 dm. tall: umbels long-pedun- cled: rays several or numerous, 1-2 cm. long, nearly equal: corolla Ms or the central one larger and purple: fruit ovoid- ius m id, 3—4 mm. long, the wings os into 1-8 flat prickles. Fields and aste- pum various nc Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C., and Mo -Spr fall. TORILIS Adans. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately decompound. Usb poa Or se ading. Involueres of few bracts or wanting. Involu- of or many narrow braets. nds ne. P etals ae unequal. Car- pels short, with 5 primary ribs and 4 winged secondary ribs. Oil-tubes ad d under the ibs and 2 in the inner face.—About 20 spe- eies, natives of the Northern a 1. T. nodosa (L.) Gaertn. Plant diffuse, the branches hispid, 1-4 dm. long: fruit ovoid or elliptic- “ovoid, about 3 mm. long, the outer ones spin -armed.— ( HEDGE-PARS- LEY.)—Waste- rin various UN Fla. to Tex., Ia., and Pa., ust in Calif. Nat. of Eu. and Afr.—Spr.-sum. 9. SCANDIX [Tourn.] L. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately dis- sected; umbel compound. Involucre wanting or nearly so. Involucel of several entire lobed or dissected bractlets. Sepals minute or obsolete. Petals white, unequal. Fruit narrow, much elongate, the body pu wanting: oil tubes solitary or wanting.— About 10 species, natives of the Old World. é 1. S. Pecten-Veneris L. Stem 1—5 dm. tall, pubescent, come only branched at the base: leaf-blades 2 or 3 pinnately dissected, the lobes alos umbels usually paired or in threes: fruit needle-like, erect, the body narrow grooved, the beak 4-6 em. long, 068 AMMIACEAE eiliate.—( VENUS'-COMB. LADY'S-COMB. CROW-NEEDLES.)—Waste- places, At- ARR sea-ports, Ga. ings loeally to th Mou dons t. Native of Eurasia.—(S. A.) Sum.-fall. —The shoots are a as 6. OSMORRHIZA Raf. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades ternately com- pound, the segments broad. mbels loose, compound. Involucres and in- volucels of few bracts or bractlets, or wanting. Sepals obsolete. Petals white, inflexed at the apex. Fruits elongate: carpels 5-angled, with barely equal ribs: oil-tubes obsolete or wanting. [Washingtonia Raf.]—About 15 species, American and Asiatic.—Spr.—SWEET-CICELIES. B ee of the leaf-blades with villous hairs: stylopodium and aaa about 1 oo 1. O. Clayton Rachis PA the leaf-blades glabrous or with short hairs: stylo- il and styles fully 3 mm. long 2. O. longistylis. 1. layto yn Been x.) DC. Roots slightly if at all aromatie: foliage vil- ug s erect or ascending, 3-9 dm. tall, usually branched: leaf- segments e a ute acuminate, Y coarsely toothed, cleft, incised, or umbel- 6, 2-5 em. long: ts of the involueres and bractlets, linear to o g- acute: corolla white, about 4 m uit narrowly oblong, 18-20 e base. — (SWEE d thickets, various provinces, rarely Coastal ate Ala. to Kans., S. D., Ont., N. S., and N. C. 2. O. longistylis (Torr.) DC. e sweet- aromatic: foliage glabrous qr finely pubes- cent: o mainly a or oblong- ovate, 5—10 em. long, acute or short-acumi- = nate, coarsely serrate or incised, or even divided: umbel-rays usually 3-6, aF ing: corolla white, 4-5 mm. broad: fruit narrowly oblong, 15-18 mm. long: body longer than the slender very strigose base.—(ANISE-ROOT.)—Rich JAM various provinces, Ala. to Colo., Assina., N. S., and N. C. 7. CEREFOLIUM [Rivin.] Haller. Annual herbs, resembling Chaero- phyllum. Leaf-blades ternately decompound, the segments small. Umbels com- elongate. Carpels more or less angled, bu ‘not ribbed: oil-tubes wanting. [Anthr iscus Bernh.]—Few species, in the warm and tem- perate parts oF the Old World. 1. C. Cerefolium (L.) Br itton. Plants 1 m tall or less, often weak-stemmed: leaf-blades broad, the segments rather numerous, thin: umbe ls long- peu the rays few, 2-4 AMMIACEAE 969 mm. e p white, obovate, 1.5-2 mm. long: fruit linear-subulate, 8—10 mm. long, shining, s slender -beaked.— — (CHERVIL. ar plaees and roadsides, various provinces, La. to Tenn., Ont., and Pa.—Nat. of Eu.—Spr. 8. CHAEROPHYLLUM [Tourn.] L. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades ter- nately hu akan the segments narrow. Umbels Ls compound. In- ona of 2 bracts, or usually wanting. Involucels of Pra small raets. RON as Petals pees usually oc inflexed at the apex. Fruit elongate: carpels 5-angled, the angles equally ribbed: oil- cre solitary in the intervals and 2 in the inner na About 40 = i. mostly, of the ` warmer parts of the north temperate zone. Spr.—CHERVIL Fruit sometimes contracted below the apex, but beakless: DUM glabrous. e less than e mm. broad, constricted below the apex 1. C. UCM ICI Fruit fully . broad, not nd below the apex. 2. C. Shortéi Fruit "baked" or DANG owed to the apex: plants more or less t. Fruit with the cay narrower than the intervals. Fru T i 3. C. dasycarpum. Fruit l 4. C. floridanum. Fruit id. RET ribs broader than the intervals. 5. C. Teinturieri. 1. C. procumbens (L.) Crantz. Stem weak, deeumbent or spreading, 1-5 dm long, simple or spa pean) branched: umbels few- -rayed, peduncled or nearly ses- sile: Dei els els sometimes 8 mm. long, lax an spreading: fruit M about 8 mm. long, te CHERVIL en woods an damp thickets various provinces, Ala. to Ark., Kans., and N..Y. 2. C. Shortii (T. & G.) Bush. Stem 2-5 J dm. Nr FUB A or decumbent, often branched: umbels few-rayed, sessile or . AE S fruit oblong, 5-6 mm. long, not ! eontraeted below the apex, the ribs narrower ! than the intervals. M i various provinces, Tenn. to Va. 3. C. dasycarpum Nutt. Stem erect, 2-6 dm. tall, ree umbels sessile Or Ead e the rays ascen ding or spreadin , 9—5 em. long: fruit nar- pubes ong, p cent, beaked, the ribs prominent, pio er than the und inside: and thickets, Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex. 4. spud uae edu: i Rose) Bush. dnd kg nd dm. tall, glabrous or somewhat pub mbels peduncled, the s 2- 5 em. long: fruit nar- , 7 mm. long, rue the beak one-fourth or dpi -fifth as 8 long as the body. Woods, Coastal Plein, Fla. to S. C.; (also in Mo.?). 5. C. Teinturiéri Hook. Stem erect, 2-7 dm. tall, more or less branched: m sessile or short-peduncled: rays 2-3, 2— 5 em. long: fruit narrow, 6-7 . long, beaked, glabrous or nearly so, the ribs prominent, broader than the mp * Thickets, eedar-glades, waste-places, and roadsides, various prov- inces, Fla. to Tex., Ky., and Va. 9. DERINGA Adans. Perennial herbs with fibrous roots. Leaf-blades 3-foliolate. Umbels irregular, compound. Involucres and involucels wanting. 970 AMMIACEAE RON obsolete. Petals white. Fruit elon- e: ds with 5 low ribs, and an oil- E ben eaeh rib and in each inter- e species. 1. D. canadensis (L.) nap ae gla- or nearly so: stem 3- dm. tall, finally widely branehed: leaf- blades i 3- folio- / late: leaflets ovate, oval, or elliptic, 4—10 e long, acute or abruptly pointed, doubl y Ser- rate ee sharp teeth, the 1 ateral ones often lobed: umbels pe eduncled: rays few, slender, une ur in length: pedicels 2-25 mm. long: vidus white, 2— broad: fruit oblong lon g, straight, or curved at full É 4—6 mm. maturity (Ho capa ORT. Erud and rich woods, various provinces, Ga. to —Spr.-sum. , S. D., and N 10. HYDROCOTYLE [Tourn.] L. Perennial amphibious herbs. Lea solitary at each node. Umbels simple or proliferous. Sepals manifest. Petals valvate, white. Carpels with distinet ribs, and oil-bearing tissues beneath the epidermis.—About 75 species, widely distributed.—Sum. or all year S.—Marsu- PENNYWORTS. WATER-PENNYWORTS. NAVELWORTS.—Some species are used medicinally. Leaf-blades suborbicular to transversely elliptic, peltate. Fruit notched at the base and the apex at maturity: intermediate ribs corky. mbels not proliferous, at least ee normally so. 1. H. umbellata. Umbels or most of them prolifer Peduncle produced ns 2 the first umbel as a single rachis, bearing o r more umbels beyond it. 2. H. Canbyi. Peduncle produced heed the noe as oe and ae aring several more or less prolifer mb 3. H. bonariensis. Fruit rounded m the base and the apex or cuneate at the EU e: intermediate ribs not corky, very slender. uit rounded or nae at the base, not cuneate. 4. H. verticillata. Fru uit cuneate at the bas 5. H. australis. Leaf-blades reniform to : r Cub not peltate Umbel long- -peduncled : leaf-blades deeply lo bed. 6. H. ranunculoides. Umbel nearly sessile: leaf-blades shallowly lobed. T. H. americana. 1. H.u Hata L. Leaf- Pas eee 2—5 em. wide, crenate or crenate- lobed: tie slender, 4-12 long: fruit oe 3 mm. wide, with corky- thickened ribs.—Swam mps, mea aus ditches and low pinelands, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Mass.—(JV. I., Mer., C. A., S 350. dd 2. H. Canbyi Coult. & Rose. Leaf-blades 1.5-4 em. wide, a dis) lobed: PNG im 4 mm. long: fruit between 3 and —Dam mp places, 2e sandy "a ‘Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. J. H. bonariensis Lam. Leaf-blades de- eng orbicular to orbicular-reniform, -9.5 em. Sr pA lobed the lobes : vide.—Was Do ord: and a. po Plain, Fla. to Tex., Tenn, and N. ‘CM. rm Mer., C. A., 8. A.)—Often grows very A e forms ROS ANE masses, ena AaS ee A Neen WEEKEND ee ee ghee ye r et ye S a of persistent or deciduous narrow bracts. AMMIACEAE 971 4. H. verticillata Thunb. Leaf- op EA to oval, E. -6 em. wide, shallowly erenate: pedicels very short ing: fruit 3—4 mm. wide, with slender ribs.—Low grounds, pio and ier Coastal Plain d adj. pro inces, Fla. to Tex., Ark. and Mas 5. H. australis Coult. & Rose. Similar to H. Canbyi in Pas fruit slightly aes than long.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. Tex. and Va. (W. I.) 6. H. ranunculoides L. f. Leaf-blades De - prd reniform, 2-5 em. wide, deeply lobed: petals over 1 mm. long: fru 5-3 mm. wide, obscurely ribbed, Dares in ai etion.—Swamps, ditches, shallow ponds, and m uddy shores, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., nd Pa.; also Pacific Coast.— (W. L, C. 4, o. 3j 7. H. americana L. Leaf-blades reniform, 2—5 em. wide, erenate-lobed; petals less than 1 mm. long: fruit 1-1.5 mm. wide, sharply ribbed, oval in eross- section.— ( MARSH-PENNY WORT. )—Moist thickets, wet banks, and swamps, various provinces, Coastal Plain only N, N. o Tenn., Minn., and N. 8. 11. CENTELLA L. Perennial amphibious plants. Leaves clustered at the nodes. Umbels capitate. Sepals obsolete. Petals imbricate, white. Carpels without large oil-tubes, the promi- nent ribs anastomosing.—About 20 species, most abundant in Southern Afriea. 1. C. repanda (Pers.) Small Leaves clus- tered; PE erect, 9-30 em. long (about 2.5 em. long, and with tee fruit, in C. d ' floridana) ; blades thickish, ovate, 2-6 em. long, repa m cordate or nearly tr uneate at "ins base: peduneles bels wide. Hydrocotyle b anda Pers.]— Moist pinelands, lake-sho di and shallow ponds, ue Plain, Fla. o Tex., and Md. —(W. I., Mex., C dj “fall, or all year S. 12. CYNOSCIADIUM DC. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately or palmately divided into narrow segments, or the basal leaves with entire blades: ce e epals persistent. Petals white, broadest above the middle. Fruit elongate: carpels with strong ribs, the lateral ribs more prominent: oil-tubes solitary in each inter- val or two in the inner face.—About 10 species, natives of the north temperate zone. C. digitatum DC. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades, or segments, linear to linear- MD gic tk F 1-3.5 em. long: pediee fruit beaked.—Wet E gr uis poen Pla and adj. provinces, Ala. to Tex. and Ark.—Spr.-sum. 972 AMMIACEAE 13. CORIANDRUM [Tourn.] L. Annual slender herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately dissected. Umbels compound. Involucres wanting. Sepals acute, unequal. Petals white, often unequal, broa est above the middle. Fruit sub- por not constricted at the commissure: carpels with 5 delicate ribs: oil-tubes solitary under the secondary ribs.—Two species, natives of the Old World. sativum L. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: blades of the lower cauline and basal leaves with coarse-toothed, incised, or lobed segments, those of the upper leav ves with narrowly linear segments: umbel-rays 4—8, 12-21 mm. long: P on 1-3 mm. long: fruit subglo- bose or ovoid- “globose, 3-3.5 mm. long: car- ae slightly 1 ribbed- (ContaNpzR.)— Waste places and cult. rounds, in and about town and cities, nearly Lid H S. Nat. of Eurasia.—Sum.—The fruit is used S cipe and as a condim 14. LIGUSTICUM L. Perennial herbs with large roots. Leaf-blades v do eg Umbels compound. Involueres of a few narrow bracts. Involucres of a few narrow bracts. In- volucels of numerous narrow bractlets. Sepals obsolete. Petals white, broadened t s elo tubes in each interval ——About 20 species, natives of the Northern Hemisphere. l. L. canadense (L.) Britton. Stem 5-20 dm. tall: s elliptie, elliptic- oval, or ovate, 3-8 e ong, n) toothed: fruit - ellipsoid, oval, or ovate, 4-6 mm. long, the ribs d ed. — (A Lov. —Dry or rich woods, various pro inces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss., “Mo. and Pa.—Sum.—tThe root is aromati 1C. 15. LILAEOPSIS Greene. Perennial herbs, with ereeping stems. Leaves clustered, reduced to terete clavate, separate organs, sometimes dilated above. Bracts of the involucre several Umbels several- -flowered, sim Sepals thick corky lateral ribs and filiform dorsal and intermediate ribs or all some- times corky, with oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. [Crantzia Nutt.]—About Peduncles Surpassing the leaves: fruit pinched at the base; lateral ae dnd ey 1. L. lineata ` Peduncles shorter than the leaves: fruit not pinched at the base; all ribs corky. 2. L. carolinensis. 1. L. lineata (Michx.) Greene. Stem creeping in the mud: s 2-5 e long; petioles dilated DT usually linear-spatulate, barely nunca bit. AMMIACEAE Eua. Hur M eed cross- n e Pus duncles 3—7 em. long, su frit, orbieular- -ovoid, ees near the base abou . long, the lateral ribs corky, the dorsal pug at all eorky. [Crantzia ears tt.]—Salt or brackish marshes. and lov unds, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Miss. and Mas 2. L. pigrum. Cou & .0 em. suborbieular or oval-orbicular, long, not pinched near the base ; all the ribs eorky.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C. 16. SPERMOLEPIS Raf. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades finely dissected. Umbels compound. Involucres wanting. Involucels of few narrow bracts. Sepals minute or obsolete. Petals white. pels with 5 prominent or obsolete ribs: oil-tubes solitary in the intervals and sometimes under each rib, except in the inner side where there are two.—Four Species, natives of North America.—Spr. Fruit tubercled. Umbel-rays divaricate, the pr m ones mostly 3 or 4. S. even ee: Umbel-rays erect or nearly s eet ones mostly 6- 8. A S. pa Fruit covered with short bristly “hooked hair 3. S. PE . S. divaricata (Walt. Raf. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, often widely branched, sometimes diffusely so, the branches nA slender or l5 filiform: leaf-blades 2-8 ately m. lon tyi e t 2 M pas ^ oe narrowly iu or fili- ou : ndy soil, various pounce. Fla. o N. M., Kans., and N. C. S. patens (Nutt.) B. L. Robinson. a 2—6 ~ Pai segments filiform: fruit ovoid, t 1 mm. long, granular.— *3 Dry soil, ous ONU. Tenn. to Tex Nebr., and In d. 3. S. echinata (Nutt.) Heller. Stem 1-5 ; tall, more of less diffusely branched: leaf-b ades 1-6 em. long; twice inea thriee pinnately ipd cus narrowly linear or filiform: umbe slender-peduncled, slender, more or less variable in ae a white, les qw" 1. mm. DM frui t pe below the middle, obsole ong, are with hooked bristles, the ribs te.—Dry soil, various uc Ala. to Tex., Calif., and Mo.—(Mez 17. ERIGENIA Nutt. Perennial herbs with tuberous roots. Leaf-blades ternately decompound. Umbels few-rayed, compound. Involucres usually of a 974 AMMIACEAE single bract. Sepals obsolete. Petals white, bro pels with 5 -delicate ribs: oil-tubes 2-3 in each interval.—-One species. 1. E. bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. Plant 5-20 OF-SPRING. PEPPER-AND- SALT. )— Rich open woods and thickets, Karo E rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. to Miss., Kans., Minn., Ont., and Md.— ï. 18. CONIUM L. Biennial large herbs with spotted stems. Leaf-blades broad, pinnately decompound. Umbels compound, the rays unequal. Invo- lueres and involucels inconspicuous, of en- dle, inflexed at Hon apex. Fruit short au D UM carpels with prominent wavy ribs: oil-tubes wanting.—One species. 1. C. maculatum L. Plant 1-2 m. tall, the stem usually much rE e -blades - d, th gments very numerous; umbels rather long-peduncled; rays g petals white, o e or euneate, a ng: fruit ovoi long. — (PoISON-HEMLOCK.) — — Waste e-place sete ape and roadsides, various een Ala. to Tex., x Ont., and Del; also on Pacifie Coast. Nat. of Eu. —(W. I., Mez., C. A. S. A.)—Sum. — The n. is used medicinally. 19. AEGOPODIUM L. Perennial eaulescent herbs. Leaf-blades ternate, d. or the leaflets or segments large, toothe Umbel compound, the rays equa nearly so. Involucres and involucels of nar- ~ bracts and braetlets, or wanting. Sepals minute or obsolete. Petals white, : angles margined: oil-tubes wanting.—One species. 1. A. Podagraria L. Plant 3-11 dm. tall, pida or P branched: leaflets us d o long: petals e obo vate. Or ” orbieular- AMMIACEAE 975 obovate, 1-1.5 mm. long: fruit conic- oy about 4 mm. long.—(GOUTWEED.) — Waste- places, merase. and thickets, N. C. to Pa. and Mass.—Nat. of Eu.— um.—A form with variegated ee ‘is used in Seni g. 20. EULOPHUS Nutt. Perennial herbs with tuberous roots. Leaf-blades ternately compound. Umbels compound. Involuere wanting or of 1 bract Involucels usually of 2 bracts. Sepals promi- | nent. Petals white or pink, broadest above the middle, inflexed at the tip. Fruit some- what elongate, laterally flattened: carpels delicately ribbed: oil-tubes 2-5 in the inter- vals.—About 8 species, North American. E. americanus Nutt. Plant 8-15 dm fruit elliptic or elliptic- -ovoid, 4-6 mm. long.—Low grounds, various ee Tenn, to Ark., Kans. and Ohio.—Sum 21. CICUTA L. Perennial herbs with tuberous roots. Leaf-blades pin- nately compound or decompound. Umbels compou Involucres of few bracts or wanting. Involucels of several small Ene Sepals acute. Petals white. Fruit short: carpels with 5 corky ribs, and one oil-tube in each interval and 2 in the inner faee.—About 8 species, of the North-temperate zone.— dir cc ee roots are poisonous. Fruit ridged at the commissure, typically oval or ovoid. 1. C. maculata. mos a ed at the commissure, typically subglobose or reniform- lobos 2. C. Curtissii. . C. maculata L. Plant Stout, 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades 1-6 dm. long, the veins ending in the notches of the segments: fruit with lateral ribs ‘manifestly much larger than the others and wedge- i low-gr oe and river- dap various prov- inees, Miss. to Tex., Man., Ont., N. B., and N. C. 2. C. C i nen Es It. & Rose. Plan sembling C. lata, but lbs pus and more S ME leaf-segment with apparently equal ribs, the ‘ateral ones neither wedge-shaped tiguous.— He ME nd low grounds, PUE Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Tenn., (Ky. 4), and Va., also represented "by sporadic sta- tions as far North as Nova Sco 22. SIUM [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs. Leaf- p ns Essi in com- pound. Umbels compound. Involucres and involueels of narrow bracts and bractlets. Sepals small, acute. Petals white. Fruit stout, scat: laterally 976 AMMIACEAE flattened: carpels ribbed, the intervals with 1-3 oil-tubes. Seed 5-angled.— About 8 species, natives of the north temperate zone. Blades ue the leaflets saliently sharp-serrate or incised: larger petals about 1 mm. long: n a rge, the terminal ones at least 5 cm. or more wide in 1. S. cicutaefolium. Blades of me leafiets appressed-serrate: larger petals much . e than 1 m pis ng: u unes small, the terminal ones, at l least, 4 cm. wide r less 2. S. floridanum, 1. S. cicutaefolium Schrank. Plant 6-19 dm. tall, glabrous: stem stout, spar- ingly branched: stipular ig aang at of the petiole auriculate at the top: leaflets 7-17; blades linear to Q anceolate, or rar rely wider, finely, or ib y ind s 2 mm. wide: : long bonum 10-ribbed.—( WAT TER-PARS- xi) —Swamps, marshes, and ponds, various od N. C. to La., Calif., and S Can Sum.-fall. 2. S. floridanum Small. Plant smaller and ia j base of oblique at the top: leaflets 3—11; blades ovate, elliptic or elliptic- To Li oe -serrate: umbel-rays fili- form: larger corollas less than 2 e: fruit not seen.—Swamps and i E the Chipola River, Fla. Herbs resembling Daucus in habit and inflorescence. Leaf- vm finely divided or dissected. Flowers perfect, very numerous in com- pound umbels. Involucres and involucels abc] the braets of the former, at least, divided. Sepals obsolete. Petals white, very unequal, eleft at the apex. Fruit short: carpels 5-angled, with prominent ribs and an oiltube in each interval.—Seven species, natives of the Old World.—(BISHOP'S-WEEDS.) Leaf-segments numerous, very narrowly linear or filiform and entire: umbel-rays concreted into a disk-like structure at the base 1. A. Visnaga. Leaf-segments few, at least in the lower voile slightly broadened and toothed : umbel- -rays uot concreted at the bas 2. A. majus. 1. A. Visnaga a (L. Stem 5-12 dm. tall: mature umbels and umbellets n the concrete bases of s. n of p latter 3—4 mm. broad: fruit 2—2.5 lon place AQ Gulf State E to "N. & Nat. of ms Spr jus L. Stem 3- V dm. tall: mature bases of n. ma of the eee barely broad: fruit 1.5-2 mm. lo ng.— Waste places Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex f and cult.—The plants of these peret of Ammi, like those of very y sp ru ther genera of this family, espeeially those of the Old World, e been us sm aborigines and medical men, in all coun- tries. AMMIACEAE 977 4. TREPOCARPUS Nutt. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately decom- pound. Umbels compound. Involucre usually present. Sepals unequal. Petals white, broad. Fruit elongate: ear- pels with 4 secondary ribs, the primary ribs wanting: oiltubes solitary under the secondary ribs.—One species. t smesse | Ae D Aethusae Nutt. ESO em En dm. tall, ECHHIEEEECERH OYP 4444 ee Lt attt LIT te — t equal to them in length, the d short- gm r, n petioled, the se — narrowly lin en or incised: umbe z commonly long- N peduncled: rays 2- 5, becoming 1-2 cm. long: E E ers den ew in each. etc fruit ML | A 2 8-10 long, sharply ribbed.—Dry soil, a C 3 Coastal "Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. p 5 Tex., Okla., and Ark sum. 25. PTILIMNIUM Raf. Annual, faintly-scented, slender herbs. Leaf- blades jos -pinnately or -ternately divided, the ultimate segments entire or nearly so. Umbels compound. Involueres and involucels of several very slender, entire or pinnate bracts, and bractlets. Sepals small, broad or nar- row. Petals white, each with a broad body and a short entire inflexed apex. Stylopodium nM or elongate. Fruit short, as wide as long or nearly so: carpels with prominent separated dorsal and intermediate ribs and thick corky lateral n oil-tubes small between each rib. Seed terete-angled, the inner face convex. or gowns are the only EDONA species—Mock BISHOP’S- Sepals deltoid, often broadly s | . 1. P. capillaceum. Sepals subulate to narrowly Pm eolat Styles long, much longer tah "o E stylopodium ovoid, together with the styles over mm. long: leaf- blades rather long-petioled. 2. P. costatum. Styles short, about as long as the stylopodium : ena depressed, together with the styles, less than 1 mm. lon leaf-blades short-petioled. 3. P. Nuttallü. 1. PR. peers uuu x.) Raf. Plant 2-8 dm. tall: leaf-segments relatively few and lax: um ys few-several, less than 2.5 em. long at maturity: braets lobed: zi her pos mm. long, ac acute. —Wet s marshes, swamps, and ditches, various sa e) Fla. to Tex. Kans., and ass. 2. P. costatum (Ell) C. & R. Plant 8-16 dm. tall: leaf-se segments auld linear, numerous, en not crowded: umbel-rays stout, over 3 e at maturity: bracts entire or lobed: ` petals fully ] mm. long: fruit ovoid, mm. long or Los ‘longer, not MEC E at the apex ee Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. C.—Sum.—fall. 3. P. Nuttallii (DC.) Britton. Plant 3-7 dm. tall: leaf-segments almost eapillary, b 978 | AMMIACEAE not very numerous, lax: umbel-rays slender, mostly over E em. long at matur- ity: bracts entire: petals less than 1 mm. long: fruit ovoid, 1.5 mm. long or ae barely cu at the apex.—Swamps and damp “hillsides, various prov- nces, Ala. to Tex., Kans. and Ill.—Spr.-fall. 26. HARPERELLA Rose. Perennial pros eaulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, reduced to terete jointed phyllo Flowers perfect, in compound nvolueres and involucels inconspicuous. Sepals acute, slightly un- ud Petals white, broad. Stylopodium short. Fruit oval, flattened later- ally: earpels rather prominently 5-angled: oil-tubes solitary in the intervals j hr and 2 in the inner side.—Three species, natives of the southeastern United States Basal and lower ee leaves mostly over 2 dm. long: corolla ge mm. wide: fruit about 1.5 mm. wide. . H. nodosa. Basal and lower ‘cauiine leaves mostly less than 1.5 em. long: corolla 1-1.5 m wide: fruit about 1 mm. wide. 2. H. fluviatilis. 1. H. nodosa Rose. Plant stout, stiff, 3-13 dm. tall, rather freely e the stem fluted: basal and lower cauline um mostly 2—4.5 dm. long, withou bulblets in the axils: peduncles elongat ddr) —4 em. 1-2.5 em dos anthers barely 0.5 mm. long: fru abe ut 1.5 mm. wide Wis iod. der Plain, S W Ga.—Spr.- 2. H. fluviatilis Rose. Plant slender, weak, 1-3 dm. tall, sparingly ee the stem angled: basal and lower leaves rm 1-1.5 dm a ng, Be utes in their axils: peduncles ‘short, . long: umbel-rays 2-5, becom cd p T long: o. 1-1.5 mm. wide: anthers eee 0.3 mm. long: fruit about 1 mm. Y wide.—Rocky beds of streams, in the Appalachian prov- inees in Ala — Sum. —fall. 27. CHLERI Adans. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades pinnate or ternately decompound. Umbels compound. Involueres ACE or wanting. Sepals obsolete or minute. Petals white, road. Fruit somewhat smooth or biberon: late: earpels 5-angle 5-ribbed, with h oil-tube in each PES or 2 in the i face.—About 5 species, widely sectas 1. C. A (L.) Britton. d 2—9 dm. leaf-segments cuneate sub- orbieuar, pue and toothed: ar 0.5-1 long: fruit ovoid, about 1.5 mm. long. wre graveolens L. ]— (CELERY. )—W aste- places a Wo s the coast, various provinces, n N. d Calif. and Va.— Nat. of Eu. e — Used in pem The blanched js are MR AMMIACEAE 979 CYCLOSPERMUM Lag. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately or ternately decompound. Umbels compound. Involucre present or wanting. Sepals obsolete or minute. Petals white, broad. Fruit somewhat smooth or tuberculate: carpels 5-angled or ribbed with 1 oiltube in each inter- val or two in the inner face. [Apiwm L. in part]—4A bout 6 species, natives of the Old World.—Spr.-sum Leaf-blades ternate; segments linear-filiform to filiform. 1. C.A Leaf-blades pinnate; segments ovate, oval, or elliptic. 2., C. 200 A 1. C. Ammi (L.) Britton. Stem erect, 1-6 dm. tall, more or less branched: leaf-blades ternately divided; segments filiform or narrowly linear, acute: ud ains 4 than 1 mm. broad: fruit val o void-o 1.5-2 mm. long, pd )EF Muell. |—(MansH-P PARSLE oa mee and waste-places, various ee Fla. ur. Mo. and N. Y.—(W. I., Mez., C. a 2. C. nodiflorum (L.) Koch. Stem pros- trate, often creeping, 3~7 dm. long, un ene branched: leaf-blades pinnately compound, 5-10 em. long; leaflets oblong, ovate-lanceo- e eeolate, mbels opposite the leaves 1.5-3 em. broad, E -peduncled: brac tlets of the rare 5—6: corolla white, about 1 mm. broad: fruit oval or orbicular- -oval, about 2 mm. 1 Ditches and waste- -places, near Co ten S. C. and other seaport towns. Nat. of Eu. : 29. BUPLEURUM [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire. Umbels compound. Involuere wanting (in our species). Involucels i aded of entire braetlets. Sepals ob- etals broad, yellow or greenish. PM elliptie or oval: earpels with slender ribs and no oil-tubes in our species.—A bout 65 species, widely distributed. . B.rotundifolium L. ME 3—10 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate or elliptie, 2-8 em. long, : corolla yellow: Tri it 3-3. 5 mm. long, o 2.5 mm. broad.—(HARE'S-EAR. THOROUGH-WAX. ) — Roadsides, fields, and T -places various DN. s N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Ariz., S. D., N. H., and N. C. Nat. of Eu. 30. THASPIUM Nutt. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades 3-foliolate or ter- nately compound, or those of the basal leaves sometimes simple. Umbels com- pound. Involuere of few bracts. Involucels of many bracts. Sepals present. 980 AMMIACEAE Petals yellow or rarely purple. Fruit longer than wide: carpels with winged ribs and oil-tubes solitary in the intervals.—Only the following species known.— Sum.—MEADOW-PARSNIPS. Petal- Dm ls than 1 mm. long: leaves with ternate blades: leaflets relatively thick, 1. T. trifoliatum. Petal- blades. o. a 1 long: leaves with biternate blades: leaflets relatively "thin. incised or lobed. Peduncles and umbel- rays glabrous, except at the nodes, or mer UE PUE fruits, between the wings, glabrous, 5-6 mm. long: leaves 1-2 ternate. 2. T. barbinode. Peduncle Eu umbel-rays Sabre ns pubescent: fruits, be- tw the wings, D d pubescent, 4-5 mm, jon: Sioa res 2-3-te Blades ‘of the leaflets eee divided, the ultimate a ments or teeth of an ovate type: styles about 2 m long: petals about 1.5 mm. long. 3. T. Chapmanii. Blades of the leafiets finely divided, the ultimate seg- ments or teeth of a lanceolate type: styles about 1 mm. long: petals about 1 mm. long. 4. T. pinnatifidum. 1. T. trifoliatum (L.) A. Gray. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, sparingly branched, often zigzag: leaf-blades various, those of the basal or lower stem-leaves ovate and undivided or 3-foliolate; segments ovate to senio) serrate; petioles slender, often longer than the blades: upper stem-leaves similar to the divided basal leaves; petioles r ength: conos dark- pe ae an in T. trifoliatum aureum): fruit long, the ribs prominently w Bon Mae MEADOW-PARSNIP.)— Woods, bluffs, stream- banks, and sunny slopes, various provinces, Fla. i Miss., Wyo., Ill., and R. I.—Sum T. o arena Nutt. Stem 3-12 ; leaflets eoarsely cut; ultimate segments ne those of the upper leaves mostly 3- z em. long, coarsely toothed: mature umbels 3—6 cm. jar d about 3 m vide, pale- or light-yellow: fruit el ed or oval, vndis long, e Do us qam wider than the dorsal —A for with pinnatifid leaf- segments grows in Ala.—Wooded hillsides a streams- wm various pus inces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss., Kans., Ont., and N. Y.— pr. sum. 3. T. Meuse ue (C. & R.) Small. Stem 8-15 dm. tall, often much-branched, pubeseent at the nodes and sometimes sparingly so along the internodes: leaf- blades 2— P A leafle ts much eut; ultimate segments r relatively small, those of the upper i es mos stly 1-2.5 em. lon , incised-toothed or pinnati e à: mature umbels 2.5—7 vide: eorolla light yellow, fruit elliptic or oval, 4-5 mm long, the lateral win s much wider than the dorsal ones.—River- dog's, ot and hillsides, ood Plain and Piedmont, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.-sum. . T. pinnatifidum (Buckl) A. Gray. Stem 5—12 dm. tall, finely pubescent about the nodes and sometimes also along the woods leaf siege bis nd w 3-ternate ; Tents finely cut an ith rn divisions; ultim segm small, those of the upper leaves pinnatifid, lobes usually lanceolate Jede a nbels 3—4 em. gen bre light i Qs ellipsoid, 3-4 mm. long, all ribs narr ms —Woods, hillsides and river-banks, Blue Ridge to ee Low Pinas dus to Ky. a nd N. C.—Spr.- AMMIACEAE 981 31. TAENIDIA Drude. Perennial herbs with fibrous roots. Leaf-blades pinnate or ternately compound. Umbels compound. Involueres and involucels wanting: sepals obsolete or minute. Petals 9, their tips inflexed. . Fruit oblong: carpels o-angled, with slender ribs and 3 oil-tubes in the intervals. Seeds nearly terete except the flat face.—One species. . T. integerrima (L.) Drude. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, from a tough root: leaflets ovate to elliptic or bus E te, 1-3 em. long, entire mbel-r 10-20, elongate: ide sellos fnit deem ellipsoid, 3.5—4 long. — (YELLOW-PIM PERNEL.) — Rocky hillsides and sandy aod various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. "to La., Minn. and Que.—Spr. 32. ZIZIA ee Perennial erect herbs. nately compound, e basal ones sometimes central Mac llet MA Involueres wantin UM Sepals prominent. Petals yellow. Fruit somewhat elongate, laterally flat- tened: carpels with 5 slender wingless ribs and an oiltube in each interval and sometimes under each rib.—Following are the only known species.—Spr.— sum.—MEADOW-PARSNIPS. Blades of the basal leaves merely toothed cordate. 1. Z. cordata. Blades Ys the basal leaves ternately compound. Blades of the basal leaves 2-ternate. 2. Z. aurea. Blades of the basal leaves 1-ternate. Blade of the terminal leaflet much longer than wide, with few or relatively few Blunt teeth. ur Ard i ae ee id, 44.5 mm. long: longer umbel- fone at maturi ty. 3. Z. arenicola. Fruit suborbleujar E broader uum ed to ovoid- dy 3-3.5 mm. long: longer umbel-rays 6-11 cm. "ra pm rity. 4. Z. Bebbii. Blade of tme Sna. leaflet about as wide as long or wider, vith ma sharp salient teeth, 5. Z. latifolia. 1. Z. cordata en DC. Stem 4-10 dm. tall, pale-green: leaf-blades vari- ous, those of the basal leaves ovate « or suborbicular, 3-10 cm. long, crenate, io the x PARSNIP. )—Woods, thiekets, and prairies, Mie provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. o Mo., Ore., Alb., and Conn. 2. Z. a (L.) Koch. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, sim m Ae Or p anched above leaf-blades E to thrice ternately compound, those of the basal and lower uS leaves iu T those of the upper stem-leaves once tern on short winged petioles; iue be -ovate to lanceolate, 2-8 cm. long, 982 AMMIACEAE D. d umbel 3-6 cm. broad: rays 9-25, stiff, ascending, Moa = Ms rolia. oo 3-3.5 mm. broad: frui t ellipse oid, 4-4.5 mm. lon (Gon N-ALEXAD —Meadows, woods, and ee various d cen uds 001 Plain, A to Tex., Sask., Ont., and N Z. arenicola Rose. Stem 4-7 dm. tall, sparingly branched above: leaf- n once ternately d leaflets 1-6 c . long, the blades oval or ovate to laneeolate, often rounded at the a coarsely toothed: umbels long- Vide rays few, slender, pi Sa .5-2.5 em. long, erect or ascend- t ovoid to ellipsoi 4—4.5 . long, ico ribbed.—Dry woods, e “Plain, N Fla. and adj. Ga. 4. Z. Bebbii (Coult. & Rose) Britton. jn often tufted, 1-8 dm. tall, sim- le.or branching, dark-green: leaf-blades A ones long-pe etioled, the upper with winged Sa oles: leaflets 1-7.5 em. long blades thickish, oval, elliptic, or lanceolate, serrate or crenate: umbels slender- 2, filiform, ual, DE mm. lon ne spreading: fruit suborbieular or broader than hi gh, t ovoid-orbieular, 3-3.5 mm. long or rarely smaller.— Woods, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, N. C. to Tenn., W. Va., and Va. 5. Z. latifolia Small. Stem mostly dm. tall, etimes sparingly ed pubeseent at the d E EUR 3- ERN pen o except e uppermost; leaflets 3-6.5 cm. long, the blades ovate, suborbicular orbicu- de niform, uds and s TF Wm d, exeept at the broadly one or truncate base: umbels stout-peduncled; rays oo. usually 6-12, mostly 2— near Bristol, Fla 33. APIUM [Tourn.] L. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaves alternate: blades 1-3- e the leaflets toothed, incised or lobed. Umbels compound. epals minut obsolet Petals smal! yellow, very " M exeepting the bent tip. Fruit slightly flattened laterally: carpels with 5 slender ribs, with a single oil-tube in each interval and 2 in the inner face.— About 5 species, European. 1. A. Petroselinum L. Stem 2-5 dm. tall: od d linear or linear-filiform, or those of the basal nay es cuneate: petals mostly E than 1 mm. long: fruit ovoid, 3.5—4 long. — TORRES ACHE.) — ) Waste- place and cult. pene various provinces, N. C. to Tex. and Ont. =a Ls Nat. of. Eu .—Sum.— Used abe eee The leaves are used in culinary practices. RH T Aethusa xe L. (Foou’s-PARSLEY), has been found as fugitive on xd at Mobil s It differs from the preceding genus by n HEU void fruit which is not flattened either way, and the white flowe 34. FOENICULUM Adans. Biennial or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately decompound, the segments often very slender. Umbels compound. AMMIACEAE . 983 Involuere and involucels wanting. Sepals obsolete. Petals yellow or yellowish. Fruit elongate: carpels 5-ribbed: oil-tubes solitary in the intervals and 2 on the inner side.— Four species, natives of the Old World 1. F. Foeniculum (L.) Karst. Stem 5-15 dm. tall: leaf-segments filiform or linear- plaees, roadsides, and fields, various prov- inees, Fla. to Tex., Tenn. and N. J.—Nat. of Eu.— (W. I.)—Sum fal —Used medici- nally and as a culinary 35. PLEIOTAENIA Coult. & Rose. Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaf- arn vs decompound. Umbels compound. Involucres and involucels ing. 485 epal oven Petals yellow, broadest above the middle. Fruit broad: earpels with the dorsal and contiguous ribs eorky but obscure and thick, broadly winged j h wit oil-tubes numerous, 12-18, accompanied by smaller ones irregularly disposed. — One species. 1. P. Nuttallii (DC.) C. & R. Stem 2-9 dm tall, ed meee leaf- b lear nar- rowly euneat mbel-rays 2-3 e few Un tanus short: fruit broadly elliptic, 6-10 mm. long (obovate and thin-winged in P. Nuttallit texana). olytaenia Nuttallii DC.]—Dry soil, cdi and barrens, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Ia. and Mich.—Spr. 36. ANETHUM L. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaves alternate: blades pa iam the Mon narrowly linear or linear-filiform. Flowers in naked narrow lateral wings.—Two species, natives of Eurasia. 1. A. graveolens L. Plant 1 m. tall or less, glaucous: leaf-segments numerous: umbels many-flowered, the rays unequal: Rn minute: petals ovate to orbicular, 1 long or less: PA iu pus bid oval olip. soid, 4.5—5 ong, gla — (DIL DILLWEED.) — — Ham ocks ad cultivated grounds, S D Fla. and the Ke of Eu.— (IV. 7.)—The aromatic fruit is d as a condiment. 984 — AMMIACEAE | 37. PASTINACA L. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately compound. Umbels compound. Involueres and involucels usually wanting. Sepals obsolete. Petals yellow. Fruit some- what longer than broad, much Eccl. flat- tened: carpels with the dorsal and tiguous ribs slender, and thin od wings: Ye. oil-tubes solitary in the intervals and 2—4 in the inner side.—About 7 species, natives of ` urasia i 1. P. sativa L. Plant coarse, strong- scented, 6-20 dm. tall: leaf-segments ovate or elliptic, eronate- eap. incised or lobed: fruit obova val, orbieular-oval, 5—6 mm. m c (WILD a )— Roads ides, fields, thickets, and waste-places, nearly S. and throughout U. S. Can. Nat. of Eurasia .—fSum — The root is esculent. 38. CONIOSELINUM Hoffm. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades 2—3-pin- nately decompound, the alternate segments narrow, incised or lobed. Umbels compound. Involueres and involucels of or the former ing. Sepals eei Petals white. longer than broad: carpels with the dorsal and contiguous ribs prominent and the lateral ones winged: oil-tubes solitary in the dorsal intervals, l-several in de lateral, and 4—8 in the inner face.—About 10 spe- cies, natives of the north temperate zone. 1. C.chinense (L.) B. S. P. ce 5-15 dm an leaf- -segments incised: umbel-rays 2—4 " ng: uit aes Or ellipsoid- ied 4—5 ong.— (HEMLOCK-PARSLEY. )— mps aid = cliffs, Blue Ri age and more die ae provinces, N. C. to Ind., Minn., Lab. and Pa.—Sum.—fall.. 39. ANGELICA L. Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades pinnate or decompo ound. Umbels compound. Involueres and involucels present or want- g prominent, and broadly winged lateral ribs: oil-tubes solitary or several in intervals and 2-10, or more, in the inner face.—About 40 species, mostly in the northern hemisphere.—Sum.—fall.—(ANGELICAS.)—The roots and fruits of some species are used medicinally. Peduncles and rays pubescent. 1. A. villosa. Peduncles and rays glabrous. oun Leaflets thin; lobes ascending : oil-tubes 1-3 in each interval. 2. A. Curtisii. DE leathery ; lobes spreading: oil-tubes about 20, contigu- and continuous. 3. A. dentata. AMMIACEAE 985 A. villosa (Walt.) B. S. P. Plant 6—18 dm. tall: leaflets 2-5 em. long, the blades thickish, elliptic, see -aneeolate, or oval, 2-5 cm. long, serrate: umbel-r pos 2-5 em. long: pedicels 3-4 mm. | long: rolla white: fruit orbicular or orbieular obovate 4.5-5 mm. long, pubes- cent.—( ANGELICO. HAIRY-ANGELICA.) —Dry thickets and woods, various Por vinees, Fla. Miss., Ark., Minn., and Con The leaves are used to en d the use of tobacco. A. Curtisii Buckl. Plant 6-18 dm. tall: lcadets with ovate or lanceolate, sharply serrate or incised, ee ate: umbel-rays : p — l eenis | long, glabrous. — (FILMY ANGELICA.) — Woods, mt. slopes and summits, Blue maae to Appalachian Plateau, N. C. to Pa. A. dentata (Cha apm.) Coult. & Rose. Plant 5-10 dm. tall: leaflets with ot liptie id e incised or incised-serrate blades, acute: umbel-rays 5-12; corolla : fruit oval, 5-6 mm. long.—Dry pinelands, Coastal Plain, M Fla. and a N | 40. HERACLEUM L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades ternately compound. Umbels compound. Involucres and involucels of few, often deciduous, bracts and bractlets or the former wanting. als - à minute or obsolete. Petals white, broadest above the middle, those of the outer and inner flowers different in shape. Frui ually longer than broad, strongly dor- E flattened: earpels with the dorsal and eontiguous ribs slender, and broadly winged lateral ribs, the latter nerved near the outer edge: oil-tubes solitary in each interval, and 2—4 in the outer face, rarely extending be- yond the middle of the carpel.—About 6 species, natives of the Northern T A H. lanatum Michx. Plant course and heavy-scented, 6-25 dm. tall: leaf- blades 1—4 dm. long, the segments sharply toothe < us -rays imu stout, 3—15 em. long: fruit oval to obovate-oval, 8-12 m —(Cow RSNIP. jm pow s fence-rows, fields, and waste-places, various min UM Ga. to Calif., „ Ont., and Newf. — Sum. — The roots and fruits are mechanic 41. OXYPOLIS Raf. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades pinnate or ternate, or rarely reduced to hollow septate phyllodia. Umbels compound. Involucres and involucels present. Sepals acute. Petals white. Fruit longer than broad, dorsally flattened: carpels with the dorsal and contiguous ribs thin, and winged lateral ribs, the latter nerved near ic inner part of the wing: oil-tubes solitary in the intervals and 2-6 in the inner face. [Ttedemannia DC.]—Five species, North American.—Sum.—fall or all year S.—Dropworts. 986 AMMIACEAE Leaves reduced to hollow, terete, transversely-jointed petioles pac O. filiformis. Leaves with simple, pinnate or palmate blades Leaf-blades simple, or of 3 palmately di oed leaflets at the end of an elongate petiole. 2. O. ternata. Leaf-blades pinnately divided. -— Fruit e innish, the wings papery. 3. O. rigidior. Fruit turgid, the Wings corky. 4. O. turgida. 1. O. filiformis (Walt.) Britton. Plant 5-18 dm. tall: phyllodia 3-60 em. long: fruit elliptie-oval or oval obovate, 5-6 mm. e broadly winged.— (WATER-DROPWORT.) — Low Pr a eo ponds, swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.—Erro hse apparently, nr from further N. 2. O. ternata (Nutt.) Heller. Plant 5- dm. tall: leaf-blades, or leaf- rm linear filiform: fruit elliptic, 4-5 mm. long.— Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C. 3. O. rigidior (L.) Raf. Plant 5-18 dm. n leaves with relatively o. often thin-winged. — (PIG-POTATO ATER-DROP- Ls COW-BANE. pen ps. swamps, and eliffs, various provinces, Fla. , Minn., an —0. 2m seems to be an extreme form of this irm with very ams leaf. Ma 4. O. turgida Small. Plant 4-12 dm. tall: leaves and umbels similar to those a O. rigidior: fruit elliptic-oval or elliptic- obovate, oc mm. long, thick- winged. “Swamps, Blue Ridge and adj. provinces, S. C. to Va., and Coastal Plain, S E N SERIES 2. GAMOPETALAE Petals more or less united, or oeeasionally distinet, or very rarely wanting. ORDER ERICALES — EnicAnL ORDER Herbs, undershrubs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes humus-plants or saprophytes. Leaves alternate, often evergreen: blades simple. Flowers mainly perfect and complete. Calyx of 2-8, usually 5, partially united sepals. Corolla of 2-8, usually 5, mostly united petals. Androecium of as many .or twice as many stamens as petals, sometimes partially reduced to staminodia: filaments mostly free. Gynoecium of several united car- pels. Fruit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous. ae With free and distinct filamen Superior: fruit exposed or enclosed in the calyx. Fam. 1. CLETHRACEAE. p “<4 © Q z 3 Q3 e e H "3 (b pal D © EE 32 o Ld oom oO d nR 4 e pada B5 n n Ne z "3 LI (D Herbaceous root-parasites or saprophytes, with Seale-ike leaves: plants devoid of chloro- phyl: pollen-grains simple. Fam. 2. MONOTROPACEAE. Herbs, undershrubs, shrubs, or trees: plants with chlorophyl: pollen- -grains compound. CLETHRACEAE 987 S or partly woody plants with rootstoc Fam. 3. PYROLACEAE. Shrubs or ees with erect or diffuse stems. Fam. 4. ERICACEAE. Ovary wholly or partly inferior Fam. 5. VACCINIACEAE. Stamens with ous filaments wholly or partly adnate to e coro Androecium hot staminodia: caulescent plants. Fam. 6. DIAPENSIACEAE. Androecium with staminodia: acaulescent plants. Fam. 7. GALACACEAE Famity 1. CLETHRACEAE — WHITE-ALDER FAMILY Shrubs or trees, the pubescence of branched hairs. Leaves deciduous: blades mostly toothed. owers in racemes or panicles. Calyx of 5 per- nthesis. 3 united carpels: stigmas 3. Fruit a 3-valved loculicidal capsule—Only the following d, and about 30 species, widely distributed, except in Europe and Afri 1. CLETHRA [Gronov.] L. Erect shrubs or trees, with toothed leaf-blades and elongate racemes or panieles.—Sum.—PEPPERBUSHES. WHITE-ALDERS. Filaments glabrous: style pubescent: racemes erect. Sepals ee leaf-blades glabrous beneath, or nearly so. 1. C. alnifolia. Sepals obtuse: leaf-blades tomentose beneath. 2. C. tomentosa. Filaments pu Peers style glabrous: racemes nodding. 3. C. acuminata. 1. C. alnifolia Shrub 1-3 m. tall, the twigs o pubescent: leaf-blades obovate or cuneate, 3-8 em. long: pedice els 1-3 mm. long: sepals elliptic to n als 5-6 mm. mps, low sand woods, and wet pin PS Coastal Plain and adj. pt Fla. to La. , Pa. and Me. The done are very fragrant Pink-flow- ered forms are occasio 2. C. tomentosa Lam. Shrub 1-3 m. tall, the twigs tomentose: leaf-blades obovate to narrowly or airs cuneate, 4-10 em. long: pedicels 2-5 m ong: sepals oval or ovate- elliptic, 3-3.5 mm. long: petals 5-6 mm. long: capsule spheroidal, 44,5 mm species has an extra flov owering season in the winter. The inciting cause is not evident. 3. C, acuminata Michx. Shrub, or tree ee 6 m. tall, the twigs tomentu- lose: leaf-blades oval or elliptic, 9-20 em. long: racemes nodding pedicels re- curved: sepals ovate, 3.5—4 mm. long, oe petals 6-7 mm. long: capsule ovoid, 4-5 mm. long, drooping.—Woods, ravines, and cliffs of non-ealeareous rocks, inner Piedmont to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Tenn., W. Va., and Va. FAMiLy 29. MONOTROPACEAE — InpDIAN-PIPE FAMILY Saprophytie or humus herbs, with matted roots. Stems seape-like, simple. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers in racemes, or solitary, nod- 988 MONOTROPACEAE ding. Calyx of 2-6 deciduous sepals. Corolla white or colored, of 3-6 petals, or wanting. Androecium o stamens: anthers with valves or pores. Gynoecium of 4-6 united carpels: stigma capitate, disc-like, or funnelform. Fruit a 4-6-valved loculicidal eapsule.—About 9 genera and 16 species, most abundant in North Ameriea. Corolla of several distinct petals, deciduou Flowers solitary: plants white or pink {black in drying). 1. MONOTROPA. Flowers several: plants yellowish or 2. HYPOPITYS Corolla gamopetalous, campanulate, EAE 3. MONOTROPSIS. 1. MONOTROPA L. White or pale-pink wax-like herbs blackening in drying. Flowers colorless, pink, ochroleucous, or salmon-colored. Sepals 2-4, unequal. etals 5 or 6, saceate at the base, dilated at the apex. Gynoecium glabrous.—About 3 species, in North America and Asia.—INDIAN-PIPES. CORPSE-PLANTS. Flowers white or pale-pink: petals obscurely ciliate: filaments sparingly pubescent. 1. M. uniflora. Flowers ochroleucous or salmon-colored: petals copiously ciliate and densely pubescent within: filaments copiously pubescent. 2. M. Brittonii l. M. uniflora L. Ste m dm. tall, white: leaves lanceolate or elliptic- laneeolate, somewhat pointed: sepals and petals deeply saceate at the bas entire or eroded at the top: filaments slightly pubescent with short hairs: lobes of the disk ME acute, b downward: eapsule —1.5 long.—Woods and rich haded ba pa various pouce N 1 to Calif., Wash. and Newf.—Sum.—A pink- stemmed form E in fall, at higher altitudes in our range, may represent a distinct species. M. ps — Stem 1-4 dm. une cou vate or oblance alate or Bou e. near Bc top of the stem, obtuse sepals and petals shallowly saccate at the base, sometimes toothed at the t top: filaments densely pubescent M long hairs: lobes of the disk stout, blunt, projecting outwar F Or upward: capsule dikoak ovoid, 1.5-2 long.—Serub, Pa Plain, S pen. Fla. 15 SE N Win 2. HYPOPITYS Adans. Colored fragrant herbs. Flowers in a terminal raceme, deep-pink, yellow, red, or erimson. Sepals and petals 5 each in the earliest flower, or 4 in the later ones. Gynoecium pubescent.—About 7 species, in the north temperate zone-—Sum.—fall.—PINE-SAPS. FALSE BEECH-DROPS. Stigma not retrorsely bearded: style sparingly pubescent: sepals and petals with Short cilia. 1. H. americana. tigma retrorsely bearded: aie copiously pubescent: sepals and petals with long cilia 2. H. lanuginosa. 1. H. americana (DC.) Small Plant tawny or yellow, finely pubescent or nearly glabrous, 1-3 dm. tall: sepals 7-10 mm. long: petals sparingly pubes- PYROLACEAE 989 cent: eapsule oval or oblong-oval, 7-10 mm.. long.—Woods, Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn. to , and various provinces, N J. W. Va. and Ont lanuginosa (Michx.) Nutt. Plant o pink and erimson, a or a pubescent, 0.5-3.5 dm. tall: sepals 6-9 m long: petals eee pubescent: capsu die globular, . lon LR "s n and thick- ets, various wc Ky., Que and Newf.—A late- B id "bright- -red- speeies, with flowers and steina atA AADI) "n y n H. in isl Bi cknell, and may prove to be only of the above species, or the EN n: of Michau 3. MONOTROPSIS Schwein. Colored herbs. Flowers in a racem fragrant, white, pink, or purple. Sepals 5, erose near the apex, —Y Petals partially united: tube 5-saccate at the base.—'Three species, given. below. —SWEET PINE-SAPS. PYGMY-PIPES. Corolla about as long as the calyx during anthesis or shorter, colored. Corolla-lobes much shorter than the tube: calyx and corolla about eyual in length. 1. M. odorata. Corolla-lobes about as long as the tube: calyx about twice as long as the corolla. 2. M. Lehmaniae. Corolla about twice as long as the calyx during anthesis, white. 3. M. Reynoldsiae. 1. M. odorata Ell. Sea 2s em. tall, purple or purplish-brown: flowers violet-scented: sepals 7—1 long: corolla 7-8 mm. long, the lobes much shorter than A tube. QE. pudica to Ala, Ky., and Md.—Ear arly Spr. — The corolla is usually pin but varies to almost white and dM 2. M. Lehmaniae Burnham. Stem 4-10 em. tall, So brownish-purple: flowers not ragrant: sepals 7-8 mm. long: e mainly pink, the lobes about as long as the tube.—Woods, in Blue Ridge, W N. C.— all. 3. M. Reynoldsiae (A. MA pick Stem 4—12 cm. tall, purple: sepals 2-4 mm. long: b corolla 6.5-8 mm. long, the lobes "e as long as the tube.— Woods, E Fla.—Fall. FaAMiLY 3. PYROLACEAE — WINTERGREEN FAMILY Perennial mostly evergreen herbs, with elongate rootstocks. — alternate, mostly near the base of the stem: blades leathery. Flowers in irregular. Calyx of 4 or 5 persistent sepals. Corolla white or pink, of 4 or 5 essentially distinct, wax-like petal Androecium of twice as many capsule i. ee genera and about 95 species, nativës of the Northern Hemispher 990 PYROLACEAE Style iio de flowers racemose: filaments unappendaged: capsule opening from base 1. PxROLA. Style Pa Ee flowers corymbed or umbelled : Dens appen- daged at the base: capsule opening from top to bas 2. CHIMAPHILA. 1 PYROLA [Tourn.] L. Leaves with broad blades. Flowers Mni greenish, or pink, in elongate ra Filaments unappendaged, glabro Capsule nodding, the Bii URN —About 18 species, widely i tributed in temperate and cool regions.—Sum. odisea SHIN-LEAFS. Leaf-blades deu dou: calyx-lobes mainly longer than the tube: filaments less than twice as long as the anthers. 1. P. americana. Leaf-blades elliptic: oval or oblong: calyx-lobes mainly shorter than the tube: filaments over twice as long as the anthers. 2. P. elliptica. P. americana Sweet. Plant 2-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades thickish, 2—3 cm. long, ostly shorter than the petiole: ied elliptic or lanceolate, 9.3 mm. lon ng: cas oo to orbicular-obovate, 7-9 mm. long: capsule 6-7 wide. [P. re Michx. not .]—Woo ods, "Blue Ridge, N. C. Tenn., various provinees, Va. to Wise. and N. S elliptica Nutt. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf- blades thinnish, 3-9 em. long, mostly eae than the petiol sepals triangular ovate: pet oblon ^E 3 Slliptic- -obovate, 5.5-7 long: dir 9-6 wide.—Th iekets = woods, Blue Ridge, "Te enn., und various provinces, o N. . C., On t., and Va.—The petals x: pene species are usually white, but pink tinged corollas occur in occasional forms. 2. CHIMAPHILA Pursh. Leaves with relatively narrow blades. Flowers white, in corymbs. Filaments with pubescent or erose-eiliate appendages at the base. Capsule erect, the valve-margins glabrous.—About 7 species, distributed from the equator to the Arctic regions.—Sum.—PIPSISSEWAS. Sepals longer than wide: petals ciliolate all around: fiülament-appendages pubescent. 1. C. maculata. d wider than long: petals erose-ciliolate and jagged at the ; filament-appendages erose-ciliate. 2. C. corymbosa. 1. C. maculata i ps Plant 7—22 em. tall: M blades lanceolate or pA ae em. long, dark- pun with whitish veins: inflorescence usual 1 d see rounded the ; eiliolate: etas white, 10-12 mm. T filament- & appendages narr POTTED-WINTERGREEN.) — Dry woods, various iom Ga. to Ala., Minn., and Me. orymbosa Pursh. Plant 9-32 e tall: leaf- blades incen cuneate, or pe cuneate, 2-10 . long, d e o lly apex, erose: petals 9-11 mm. long, white except the pink base: filaments rg broad appendages purplish-pink. — (PRINCE’S-PINE. ) — Dry a acid woods, Blue Ridge, Ga. to N. C., and various provinces, Va. to Wise. and N. S.— Chimaphila mexicana is sometimes included in C. maculata. C.domingensis and C. guatemalensis, of San nto Domingo and Central America, respectively, have sometimes been included in C. corymbosa. Hence the ranges of the above species are sometimes sanded into the tropics. ERICACEAE 991 FAMiL.y 4. ERICACEAE — HEgaATH FAMILY Shrubs, trees, or undershrubs. Leaves often persistent: blades com- monly leathery. Flowers typically perfect. Calyx of 4-7 distinet or ore Gynoecium of 2-7 united earpels. Fruit a capsule, or sometimes baccate or drupaceous.—About 60 genera and 1,100 species, widely distributed. Calyx not accrescent: capsule exposed. Capsule septicidal. Tribe I. RHODODENDREAE. Capsule loculicidal or marginicidal. nther-sacs opening by apical pores or chinks Se capsule loeulicidal: erect shrubs, Dos vil II, ANDROMEDEAE. Amer pe opening lengthwise: capsule margini- cidal: prostrate shrub with creeping branches. III. EPIGAEAE. Calyx accrescent, enclosing the capsule and becoming fleshy. IV. GAULTHERIEAE. I. RHODODENDREAE Corolla of distinct petals. Anther-sacs opening by apical pores: petals 6 or 7. 1. BEFARIA. Anther-sacs opening lengthwise, An Me sagittate: tall shrub r M membranous leaf-blades : petals long and narr 2. ELLIOTTIA. Anthers globular-didymous: low Gre aepressed shrubs with leathery leaf-blades: petals short and broad. 3. LEIOPHYLLUM. Corolla of anny united petals. Corolla decidedly 2-lipped, funnelfor 4. AZALEA. C ron ot 2-lipped, campanulate or Totate-campanulate, eolate or saucer-shaped. Blower body. and usually leaf-buds, oe nome: Corolla campanulate or rotate-campan per ee interior: calyx- ras small, n prominent: leaves persistent; blades [2b c n 5. RHODODENDRON. Upper corolla-lobe exterior: calyx- e nute leaves deciduous ; blades membran 6. BILTIA. Corolla urceolate. 1. MENZIESIA. fone buds, and leaf-buds, not scaly-strobilaceous. persistent : corolla-lobes rounded: capsule ac ress : 8. KALMIA. eros deciduous : corolla-lobes acute: capsule oid. 9. KALMIELLA. II. sar Sr aia IC imbricate, at least in the le depressed: a anther-sacs evening by apical pores Capsule: wall double, the outer layer 5-valved. 10. CHAMAEDAPHNE, Capsule-wall single, 5-valved. Anthers awned: panicles terminal. 11. EuBoTRYs. Anthers awrless: panicles axillary. 12. LEUCOTHOE. Capsule elongate: anther-sacs opening by chinks above the middle 13. OXYDENDRON. bine R valve or separated in the bud. e awned: capsule-sutures not thicken ns of the anther-sacs ascending: acca: smooth. 14. ZENOBIA. Aw Sue wit na m ae sacs deflexed : seeds reticulate or 00 Flow in eat compound Dees filaments e straight or nearly s 15. PIERIS. Flowers in axillary simple r aee panicles : filaments much. flattened, Semi -curved. 16. AMPELOTHAMNUS. en Es awnless: capsule-sutures thiekened. crt RE corolla about twice as long t ca Style fusiform: corolla of an urceolate a leaf- blades with intramarginal veins: sepals per- sistent. 17. DESMOTHAMNUS. Style columnar: corolla of a cylindraceous- campanulate type: leaf-blades BE intra- marginal veins: sepals deciduou 18. NEOPIERIS. 992 ERICACEAE Filaments unappendaged: corolla several times ex- ceeding the calyx Capsule longer Ta thick, prominently angled : lepidote shrubs with persistent leaves: flowers in axillary clusters 19. XOLISMA. ^i oe not angled : pubescent shrubs uous leaves: flowers in panicled Mer 20. ARSENOCOCCUS, III. EPIGAEAE Plant with creeping stems and e n leaves: ao in axillary clusters: corolla ivr oan ene -lobes dry 21. EPIGAEA. GAULTHERIEAE Stem erect from a horizontal rootstock: leaves evergreen flowers solitary in the axils: corolla urceolate: calyx-lobes fleshy. 22. GAULTHERIA. BEFARIA Mutis. Evergreen shrubs with erect branches. Leaves eei blades thick. Flowers large in long erect spike-like racemes. Calyx-lobes 6 or 7. Petals broadened upward, spreading. Stamens 12 or 14: anthers with terminal pores. Ovary 6- or 7-celled. Capsule sear ——About 15 species, ees trop- ical Ameriean.—Sometimes spelled Bejaria B. osa Vent. Shrub 1-2.5 m. tall, the nate hirsute: leaf- uidi ri elliptie to oval, 2—5.5 em. long, often somewhat hirsute: calyx-lobes about 4 mm. long: pet white, sometimes pink- eN m pend Es oe -spatulate, 2-3 cm. long, glutin di d capsu ule depressed- Eu pone mm. x diameter.— (TAR-FL Hubs FLY- MAP ud pnm Plain, Fla Ga. Spr.—fall.—This ye of a typieally Mexican South American genus is shape 2n ant when in flower. Bouquets made of the HE as it B o flower, will Ae to bloom for nearly or quite a w 2. ELLIOTTIA Muhl. Deciduous shrubs, with more or less spreading branches. Leaves alternate: blades thinnish. Flowers small, numerous, in short panicles. Calyx-lobes 3 or 4. Petals not broadened upward. Stamens 4-10: anthers with longi- tudinal valves. Ovary 3-5-celled. Capsule subglo- e.—One species acemosa Muh Shrub 1-5 tall, the Bn es glabrous: eal ates elliptic, al or elliptic- e te, 4-12 em. long: calyx-lobes about tim long: nd s white, een ‘elliptic, 12-14 mm. long, a glutino filam ents glabrous: capsule ovoid- -globose Eni ti Ones ridges and sandhills, Co astal j j. pro .& S. C. — Sum — One f the rarest of American shrubs, known to have Pu hse at but 7 or 8 stations, and at some of these now exterminated. At each station pus a. single were is. represented, ie though this may often ica into a large patch by its rootstocks. Being sterile to its own pollen, seeds are only Bui d when cross- “fertilization from one clump to another is brought about. Before the eoming of the white man, meds plants must have grown close enough ies for ERICACEAE 993 insects to accomplish this crossing at times, but E and duae have destroyed so many, that propagation by seeds seems to have ceased. 3. LEIOPHYLLUM Pers. Evergreen shrubs with erect, spreading, or pros- trate branches. Leaves alternate or opposite, box-like: blades coriaceous, entire, often shining. Flowers in terminal umbel-like clusters. Calyx-lobes 5, longer ube. than the t etals 5, white or pink, spreading. Stamens 10: anthers opening lengthwise. Style cele: Capsule ovoid. [Dendrium Desv.]— Only the following species.—Spr.-sum.—SAND-MYRTLES. Style slender, fully twice as long as the ovary in anthesis: disk minute: petals elliptic to ovate-elliptic: pedicels ape l. L. buzifolium, Style stout, less than twice as long as the : disk prominent: etals ovate to rhombic-ovate: pedicel es Leaves mostly 2 an euer -valves sharp-tuberculate: de- od or diffuse s 2. L. Lyoni. Leaves alternate: capsule-valves muricate or scabrous: erect Shrub. 3. L. Hugeri. 1. L. buxifolium (Berg.) Ell. A much-branched shrub resembling a dwarf- box P uo 8 A tall or ee leaf-blades elliptie or n cu broadened upward, mostly 3-8 long, shining above, paler and dull bene calyx- lobes dor a -lanceo- late or lanceolate, about 1 mm. long: petals elliptic to D nous 2- 2.5 mm. lon ng: capsule ovoid, about 3 mm. long, more t twice as long as the calyx. [D. buxi a NS m ud pine-barrens, Coastal Plain, N. N. J.; recorded from as far south as Fia Swee A TIow, diffuse or depressed shrub 2 A tall or less, bo usu- ally numerous branches often prost and matted: leaf-blades oval or 1d ‘lliptic, m. long: petals ovate to oval, about 2. 5m long: capsule broadly ovoid t globose-ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long. [D. Side cum (Loud.) Small]—Rocky sum- i Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn. L. Hugeri (Small) K. Sch. A much-branched p 9 dm. tall or less: leaf- blades elliptie or individually elliptic-ovate, 9—15 e . lo ong: calyx-lobes lanceo- late, 2 mm. lo ong o metimes sh i din bon. ovate t RE ovate, 3. 5-4 m long: capsule ov oid, 3.5-4 mm. long. [D. Hugeri Small]—Roe ky sum- “mits, Blue Ridge and inner “Pizdmo nt, S, Ge nd N. C. 4. AZALEA L. Erect deciduous-leaved shrubs, sometimes tardily decidu- ous at the extreme south. Leaves alternate: blades sometimes bristle-toothed. Calyx deciduous: lobes 5, conspicuously ciliate. Corolla variously colored, fun- nelform: tube elongate: limb 2-lipped. Stamens 5 or rarely 10, d exserted: anthers with terminal pores. Style declined. Capsule elongate, opening at the apex.—About 40 species, American and Asiatic pice ONEY- LES. AZALEAS.—Natural hybrids are to be ncn nea of the species are much used in horticulture. Flower-clusters appearing before the leaves or as the leaves unfold. I. NUDIFLORAE. Flower-clusters appearing after the leaves. Twigs strigose: style usually pubescent. II. VISCOSAE. 63 994 | ERICACEAE Twigs glabrous: style usually glabrous. Corolla Ro i or pinkish; tube glandular pubescent witho TIT. ARBORESCENTES. Corolla. C msni tube glabrous or nearly so without. IV. PRUNIFOLIAE. I. NUDIFLORAE Corolla red, orange, or yellow. vov appearing as the leaves unfold: scales of the winter-buds glabrous on Corolla-tube glandular without, as long as the lobes shorter; limb yellow to orange or sc arlet. 1. A. calendulacea. Corolla- tube pubescent with glandless hairs without, longer than the lobes; limb scarlet or bright red. 2. A. speciosa. piss rs appearing before the leaves unfold: scales of the er-buds pubescent | on the back. 3. A. austrina. Corolla pun pink, or ca ne. Shrubs n tap-roots "and erect, usually much-branched stem mostly 1-2 m. tall: flower-buds without a T rows of stipitate glands at the apex. Corolla pink. Corolla-tube ns or strigose without. 4. A. nudiflora. Corolla-tube ore or less glandular-pubescent. Leaf-blade "thick, usually pubescent beneath when mature: capsule softly pubescent and "det ud tube abruptly ex- panded into t mb. Se softly "pubescent beneath when bu 5. A. canescens. Lo f blade white p pale-tomentose beneath when mature, not 6. A. candida. Leaf-blade thin-mem AEE cod eapsule gland- u hirsute: corolla-tube e E expanded nto the limb. T. A. prinophylla. Corolla te. 8. A. alabamensis. whi Shrub with horizontal underground stem and low erect simple or nearly simple branches, in small or pee dr perde D flower- buds with conspicuous ows of stipitate glands at the apex. 9. A. atlantica. II. VISCOSAE Twigs pale: scales of the winter-buds few (15 or less), o tuse or acutish, usually brown: leaves usually yon beneath: nor rthern plant. 0. A. viscosa. Twigs red-brown: scales of the winter-buds many (15 or more), e UE DU I HA S. pale, except the dark margin: leaves often pubescent beneath: southern plant. 11. A. serrulata. III. ARBORESCENTES Shrub or small tree, with glabrous yellowish-brown reddish-brown twigs: leaf-blades of an obovate type, usually glaucous beneath. 12. A. arborescens. IV. PRUNIFOLIAE Shrub with dark purplish-red twigs: leaf-blades of an ellip- . tic or elliptic-lanceolate type, light-green beneath. 13. A. prunifolia. 1. A. calendulacea Michx. Shrub 0.5-5 m. tall, pel twigs strigillose: leaf- due ier f E obovate, 3-8 cm. long, more r less eanescent beneath: alyx-lo ipti ; e 1.5-2 em. long, glandular-pubescent; upper lobe with an pier bloteh: eapsule ovoid- Ilio id, 1.5-2.5 em. long, or sometimes shorter, hirsute. [A. lutea L.?] W-AZALEA.)——Aci teau, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., W. Va., an s s spr.—A red azalea Ge in the Cumberland moun- tains, with pedicel and calyx n-glandular and leaf- blades glaucous beneath, E in late June and July, may be distinct. ERICACEAE 995 seine Willd. Shrub 0.5-2 m. tall, the twigs o leaf- blades obovate to elliptic, 3-6 cm. long, fin ely pubescent beneath and pin or less te on the midrib: alyx-lobes broadly ovate ES » elliptic, 0.5-3 m long, long- | corolla sree or i ght -red; tube 2- long; upper lo be with an orange e blotch: capsule 2-3 cm. long, narrowly pos oid to elliptic-ovoid, strigose.—W oods and sandhills, Piedmont and adj. provinces, Ga. and S. C.—Spr. 3. A. austrina Small. Shrub mostly 3 m. tall or less, the twigs sparingly strigose and softly center and usually glandular: leaf- blades oval, obovate, elliptic, or ss ae -spatulate, 2.5-9 em. long, rather firm in age, finely pubescent, ually per ently so: i ae deltoid to Para eae ee DA acute, Bn. ‘ciliate: RUM yellow and orange; tube 1.8-2 cm. long, finely glandu- lar-pubescent; lobes broad, acute or abruptly short acuminaie: capsule narrowly eylindrie ellipsoid, slightly na E upward, 2-2.5 em. long, n glandular- a scent.—Woods and stream-banks, in moderately acid sandy soils, N W Fla. —The flowers are slightly fragra 4. A.nudiflora L. Shrub 3 m. tall or less, the twigs finely pubescent and m ate or less strigose: leaf-blades elliptie to obov or elliptie-obovate, 3-10 e long, thick an in age, stri on o r the veins beneath, or re except the margins: calyx-lobes ovate to half-orbicular, copiously ciliate: corolla pink (or p-p r carmin ay wit m ual gland-tipped hairs in udiflora ee tu lon lose strigose; lobes rather broad, shorter than tube: Jen ellipsoid, often a so or d narrowed upward, e or hirsute-strigose.— ou don WER. NEY- Wood SUCKLE. EARLY-AZALEA.)— Woods and low grounds, various provinces, UN. C. to Tenn., Ohio and Mass.—Spr.—The flowers are RS pur ant. 5. A. canescens Michx. Shrub up to 5 m. tall the twigs mi inutely soft- pubescent and u m also strigose: leaf- nara eae d -oblanceolate, owly a firm ity ion tose-canescent beneath, (or glabrous, except the margins an the midrib in A. canescens subglabra): ealyx-lobes deltoid i poles or half-orbieular, usually iliate: eo p r rarely some- es So i than the tube: capsule cylindric-ellipsoid, narrowed upward, ong, canescent and hirsute.—Stream-banks, in rather acid sandy soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., Tenn., and N. C.—Spr.— The flowers are slightly fragrant. 6. A. candida Small. Shrub 2 m. tall or less, the twigs tomentulose n often somewhat glandular: leaf-blades di obovate-oblanceolate, cuneate, or maturity, 1-7 long, thi bescent : e glaucous and white- or pale-tomentose mtem and sometimes retieulate-veiny: calyx-lobes o. ciliate, obtuse: corolla r a narrow, gradually narrowed e: 2—9.5 em. long, canescent, ved.—Hammocks, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to S Ga.—Spr.—The flowers are ‘lightly fragrant. 7. A. prinophylla Small. Shrub up to 5 tall, the twigs finely loose- pubescent and somewhat strigose: leaf "blades. oval or elliptie, varying to E. U. S.) not Michx.]—Woods and rocky banks, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ark., Vt., aa Va.—Spr.—The flowers are very fragra 996 ERICACEAE 8. A. alabamensis (Rehd er) Small Shrub up to 1 m. tall, the twigs pale- strigose: leaf-blades Tides to elliptie or elliptie-obovate, 3-6 c m. long, loosely short-pu escent beneath and strigillose on the midrib: eui e Iob: ovate, often y roa m lar-pubescent without; lobes shorter than the tube: anthers 2-3 mm. dnd iid eylindric-ellipsoid, about 1.5 em. long, loosely pubescent and more less glandular-bristly. [Eho odo Pu n alabamense | Rehder.]—Dry phil Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ala.—Spr.—The flowers are fragrant. 9. atlantica Ashe. Shrub with the more or less aud m way less than 0.5 m. tall, the twigs sparingly strigi oe and som pears rel hirsute: leaf- blades obovate, M ate, o metimes ‘alliptic 3-6 ¢ long, mostly glabrous beneath, except the pu unseen “midrib, (finely aa on both sides and plait ea A A, atlantica luteo-alba) : ealyx-lobes d n : ] anthers 2-3 mm. long: capsule ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-2 em. long, bristly with glandless or i tipped hairs.—Low ES nelands, Coastal Plain, S. C. to Del Spr.—The flowers are very owe —An azalea ae "referable to A. atlantica luteo-alba occurs in SA 10. A. a L. Shrub 0.5-5 mm. tall, the twigs loosely pubescent and sae p or - decidedly hispid in A. viscosa hispida) ; the winter-buds typically om (or densely p and the leaves up to 6 cm. long in A. viscosa emulans, or silky-pu , and the leaves up to 4 cm. long in A. viscosa oun: leaf- rdi poss to obovate or individually elliptie or elliptic- ee 2-6 cm. long, thickish, ciliate, strigillose on the midrib beneath, or finely and RU densely pubescent beneath in A. viscosa tomentosa), dull white or pink-tinged; tube 1.5-2.5 cm. long, rather abruptly ye lr the limb; lobes sa shorter than the tube: capsule ellipsoid-ovoid, m. long, gla andular-hirsut —(SWAMP-AZALEA.)—Acid swamps, various ae Fla. to Miss., Ohio, an Me.—Late Spr.-sum.—The flowers are very fragrant. 11. A. serrulata Small. Shrub 7 m. tall or less, the twigs red-brown, strigose, ahd usually also finely villous, the Hea bip numerous Bertie: scales, i 7 a or with few sc eorgiana): leaf- ey eae to obovate or obovate- ‘elliptic, or "individua ally elliptic-oblanceo- late, 4—9 em. long, serrulate- -eiliate, shining, finely reticulate, glabrous, E i scattered hairs on the midrib beneath: calyx-lobes ovate or broader, long- ciliate, obtuse: corolla white; tube 3-3.5 cm. long, som on enlarged near the base, expanded near the limb, pras cadere lobes n eee shorter than the tube: capsule ovoid-ellipsoid, 1-1.5 em. long, glandular-setose.—Wet ham- mocks, con Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.—Spr.-sum.—The. flo oven are very fragran 12. A. arborescens Pursh. Shrub with tall stems, (or with low widely branched stems and small very. glaucous s leaves in A. arbore rescens Richardsonit) 1 or tree ing 6 m. tall, with the scales of | the winter-buds short-mucronate: leaf- m. : hirsute without; lobes acuminate, much shorter than the tube: anthers about mm. long: capsule ellipsoid- avoid. 1-2 a long, stout, bristly-glandular, abruptly narrowed at the apex.—(SMOOTH-AZALEA.)—Stream-banks and rocky o in p eid soil, various p N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., X e flowers are fragrant and have conspieuous red filaments. The dried e give off the fragrance is coumarin.—Late spr.-early sum. ERICACEAE 997 13. A. prunifolia Small. Shrub 3 m. tall or less, with the scales of the winter- buds short-aristate: es blades elliptie or elliptie- -lanceolate, varying to some- te, 2.5-13 e li what obovate, ong, acute or slightly aeuminate, deep-green above, Ed dps beneath, A except for scattered hairs on the midrib and n the s b eneath, and the ciliolate margins: calyx-lobes ovate or half- orbieular, ome 1 mm. long, coarsely long-ciliate, obtuse: corolla crimson, long; tube glabrous or merely with scattered hairs, bur dilated EN the base to the limb; lobes broad, abruptly po anthers 2.5-3 mm long: capsule gradually narrowed u upward, abou lon ng, EE and puberulous.—Moist woods, Coastal Plain, Ga. d PS Em 5. RHODODENDRON L. Evergreen shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades leathery, not ciliate. Calyx persistent: lobes broad and short. Corolla variously colored, campanulate: tube very short: limb 2-lipped. Stamens usually 10, slightly exserted with terminal pores. Style declined. Capsule elongate, opening at the apex.—About 100 species, most abundant in Asia.— ROSE-BAYS. RHODODENDRONS. Many species are used in horticulture. Leaf-blades neither glandular-dotted nor scaly. I, MAXIMA. Leaf-blades glandular-dotted or scaly. II. MiNORA. I. Max Calyx-lobes longer than wide: corolla Bos. ute or pink: pearls ates 1. maximum. Calyx-lobes wider than long: corolla rose-purple or lilac- purple: pedicels not viscid. 2. R. catawbiense. TI. MIN Powe Cua appearing after the TA ots of the sea- lea dox ei acute or acum Corollà 1.5-2 long: calyx- lobes of a deltoid type. 3. R.carolinianum. Corolla 2.5-3 cm. long: calyx-lobes of an ovate type. 4. R. minus. Flower-clusters appearing before the leafy shoots of the sea- son: leaf-blades obtuse or retuse 5. R. Chapmanii. R. m L. An evergreen shrub commonly 5 m. tall, or rarely a s tree, with Sere pubescent twigs: leaf-blades elliptic - or elliptic- oblanceolate, 10-25 em. long, acute or short-aeuminate rou mew scurfy bene yellow or ag m within, broadly panulate, 2-3 e ong; lobes not crisped: filaments ER tw ae longer ones about 2 em. 1 nthers a 2 long yle elongate capsule narrowly ellipsoid or eylindric-ellipsoid or slightly narrowed up- ; : seeds en p ong. — (GREAT-LAUREL. OSE-BAY. )—Acid woods, mt. slopes, and i e various provinces, in Coas tal iar only N, Ga. to Ala., Ont., and N. S.—Sum..—The hard, close-grained brown heart- wood is used for tool preis The root is used for ma cae A Pinus R. catawbiense Michx. An evergreen shrub commonly 1-3 m. tall, or rarely u bale green beneath, mostly rounded or subcordate at the base, the stout cus 998 ERICACEAE s ealyx-lobes half-orbicular or broadly deltoid, mueh wider than ong: corolla rose-purple or lilae-purple, broadly campanula e 3.5-5 em, long; bbs scarcely undulate: filaments slender, the bout 3 em. long; anthers about 3 m solls, Piedmont to Appalachian m au, and early sum.—The form growing in the Piedmont is R. poco neam. arolinianum Rehder. A much-branched shrub, with resinous-dotted u and pts ae eat ae: ealyx-lobes ovate, bae broadly S0: corolla rose- mottle adly filaments less than 2.5 cm. long; capsule eco 8-12 Woods and mountain summits, Blue Ridge, S. C. to Tenn. and N C . minus Michx. A branching straggling shrub, with resinous-dotted foliage: leaf-blades elliptie or oval, 3-12 em. long, acute or som mewhat acuminate t both ends, deep-green above, paler and eopiously resinous-dotted Da. petioles stout, but relatively long, resinous and more or less pubescent at least young: calyx-lobes Pa ues often broadly so or rarely deltoid-ovate: corolla huie rose-colored, 2.5-3 € on E funnelform-eampanulate; tube rather long: longer filaments more en 2.5 em. long: anthers about 2.5 mm. long EE ellipsoid or Rs pud -ovoid, 8-12 mm. long. [R. punctatum Andr. R. Mis iva E andy woods, inner Coast al Plain to e er s Ridge, Ga. o Ala. and N ci r.—Albinos of this as of other species occu A. Gray. An evergreen shrub tall or less, with E ad d oingo and erect rigid branches: T TM elliptic or oval, 2-5 c , obtuse or retuse at the apex, somewhat lustrous above, glandular- j dotted beneath, iube abruptly narrowed at ase; petioles short, resino dotted, b lvx-lobes broadly deltoid or rounded, broader than lon corolla rose-colored, 2.5 unnelform-eampanulate; tube rather short on long: capsule nearly 1 em. long.—Low Dude W Fla.—Early Spr. 6. BILTIA Small. Deciduous-leaved shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades thinnish, ciliate. Calyx undulate. Corolla bright-colored, rotate-campanulate: tube short: lobes 5, the 2 lower ones over- h three upper ones exterior. Style declined. Capsule narrowed upward, opening only along the sides, the apex remaining closed. —One 1. B. Vaseyi (A. Gray) Small Shrub 1-5 m. tall, the Tu sparingly pubescent: leaf- blades ‘elliptic, 6 —15 em. long: corolla rose- colored with yellow-orange or reddish-orange spots on the 3 upper spreading te cap- sule ellipsoid-ovoid, about 10 long. as mits rather acid soil, Blue Ridge, N. C.—Spr ee used in orna- i ee under the name PINK-SHELL AZAL ERICACEAE 999 7. MENZIESIA J. E. Smith. Deciduous-leaved shrubs. Leaves alternate blades entire. Oalyx persistent: lobes 4 or 5, id broad. Corolla lesu. white, pink, greenish, or reddish, campanulate o urceolate. Stamens ; 8 or 10, inclined: anthers elongate. Capsule of an ovoid type.—About 7 species, North American and Japanese. 1, M. pilosa (Michx.) Pers. Shrub 0.5-2 m. tall, the ^ twigs finely pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic to oval or o em. long, cili shorter than the tube: capsule n id, 5-6 m (MINNIE-BUSH. ie SON oods, .Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Tenn. and Pa. 8. KALMIA L. Evergreen shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled: blades entire. Calyx persistent: lobes 9, leathery. Corolla regular, white, pink, purple, or crimson, rot ate, the lobes obtuse: tube short, with 10 Sacs. Stamens 10: filaments Taal straightening at maturity: anthers short, E near the top. Capsule spheroidal.—Six species, North Amer- ican.— LAURE Corymbs or flower-clusters terminal: corolla large, over 2 cm. wide. I. LATIFOLIAE. Corymbs or flower-clusters lateral: corolla small, 1.5 cm. wide or less. II. ANGUSTIFOLIAE. I. LATIFOLIAE Shrub or rarely a tree: leaf-blades n d: flower-clusters clammy-pubescent: in- florescence compound: filaments shor PUDUBCScont. at least above the middle: capsule spheroidal: branchlets terete. 1. K. latifolia. II. ANGUSTIFOLIA Corolla large, about 1.5 cm. wide: calyx eu leaf-blades of a cuneate or n type 2. K. cuneata. Corolla small, 5-10 mm. wide: cal yx pubescent: leaf-blades of an oblong, o Mu p lanceolate type Leaf-blades Ha ee 'and dull above pedicels and calyx usually glandular : ¢ crimson or purplish, 3. K. angustifolia, oet es glaucous above and ET pedicels and calyx glandular: corolla pink or 4. K. carolina. 1. K. latifolia L. Shrub, or tree becoming 12 m. tall, the twigs often fuzzy when young: leaf-blades elliptic to oval, 5-12 po - long, glabrous, dark-green: calyx-lobes elliptic to elliptic-ovate, about 2 mm corolla white or pink, 20-25 mm. wide: Heer 10- > eapsul UREL. M -wooD.)—D rocky woods, eerie and ind. in rather acid soil, various provin es, W Fla. to La., Ont., and N. B. — Spr. —The hard peow s used for making tobacco pipes. a hard, jo ers wood is used for tool- handle K. cuneata Michx. Shrub 2-10 dm. t tall, the twigs ert. leaf-blades spatulate to cuneate, .9—5 on d sparsely pubeseent beneath: calyx-lo bes elliptie, 3 -3.5 mm. long: corolla mainly white or pinkish, 14-15 mm. wide: cap- 1000 ERICACEAE sule 4—5 mm. wide.—(WHITE-wicky.)—Acid swamps, Coastal Plain, S. C. and S N. C.—Spr | K. tifolia L. Shrub 2-12 dm. tall, the twigs glabrous or nearly s leat blades ae to Laue 2-6 cm. long, pale beneath: calyx-lobes ovate ER A UD. -1.5 us ng: co el purple e to crimson, filaments 3—4 mm. long: -3. — (SHEEP -LAUREL. DEL e3 NET J- Banks, hilléides, ashes and pne various provinces, Ga. to Ont. and Lab.—Sum | 4. K. carolina Small. Shrub similar to K. angustifolia in habit, but with 4 peal fine-pubescent foliage: leaf-blades oval to elliptic 1.5-4. Be m. long, eanescent-tomentulose neath: eats -lobes a Janceolste, hy E mm long: corolla mainly rose- -eolored, 5-7 mm. wide: capsule . mm. wide.— A \—Woods, inner margin of Coastal Plain to blue Ridge, S. C. to S um. 9. KALMIELLA Small Evergreen low shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades relatively small. Calyx deciduous: lobes 5, foliaceous. Corolla regular, pink near the middle. Capsule of an ovoid type. —Three species, the following and two Cuban. 1. K. hirsuta (Walt.) Small. Shrub 1-6 dm tall or often incumbent, the twigs hirsute: leaf- ta en , anceolate, or Pe na bicu 4-10 m ae “threat: ae cies eliptic- Janeeolate 5-7 mm. long, acu uid co 0 es © wide: a a about 3 mm ide —(WIc Y) —Low pinelands a sandhills, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S Va.—Spr-sum. RENDER M UM me E EEN 10. CHAMAEDAPHNE Moench. Evergreen shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades shallowly toothed. Flowers in terminal leafy-bracted racemes. Calyx- lobes 5, much longer than the tube. a white, urceolate; lobes 5, shorter than the ube. Stamens 10, included: anthers awn- less, tubular at the apex. Capsule de- essed.—One species 1. C. calyculata (L.) Moench. Shrub 1-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, obovate, oblanceolate, 1-5 cm. long: calyx-lobes ae oo ular or conquis coro 6— eod $4 m . wide.—( LEATHER-LEAF. ) — yes various aoe Ga. to Ill, B. C, , Ont., and Newf.—Spr. i EUBOTRYS Nutt. Deciduous-leaved shrubs with rigid stems and branches. Leaves alternate: blades finely toothed. Flowers white, in terminal racemes, Calyx-lobes very short. tamens 10, included: anthers awned. Capsule depressed.—Only the following species.—Spr.—FETTER-BUSHES. ERICACEAE 1001 Capsule not lobed; seeds wingless; panicles straight or nearly so. Calyx-lobes of an ovate type, less than one-half as long as the eorolla ; Capsule exceeding the calyx 1. E. racemosa. Calyx-lobes of a lanceolate type, one! -haif as E as the corolla or longer; capsule shorter than the calyx 2. E. elongata. Capsule lobed; seeds winged; panicles curv 3. E. recurva. 1. E. racemosa (L.) Nutt. cid 1-4 m. tall, the twigs glabrous, at least in age: leaf-blades elliptic, 2-7 . long: calyx- oe triangular, becoming triangular-lanceolate or deltoid- e: corolla 8—9 long: anthers Le shorter oe the filaments: a sule n mm. —Acid swamps and bogs, a Plain, and hide other provinces, Fla. to La Pa., and Mass. 2. E. elongata Small Shrub 1-3 m. tall, the twigs copiously pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic, or some times elliptic- eee or rage 2 Ji long: ealyx-lobes lanceolate, often Gy rolla 7-8 mm. long: a anthers slightly ee "m the filaments: capsule 3-4 mm. wide.—Acid swamps and sandhill ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S Va. 3. E. recurva (Buckl) Small. Shrub 1-4 m. tall, the twigs glabrous at least in age: leaf-blades ovalelliptie or oval, 4-10 cm. long: calyx-lobes ovate or elliptie-ovate: corolla 6-7 mm. long; 1 obes e de anthers nearly as long as the laments: ule 5-6 mm. wide.—Rocky woods, in acid soil, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala., Tenn. and Va. | 12. LEUCOTHOE D. Evergreen shrubs with weak stems and eu Leaves uu "blades shallowly toothed, sometimes obseurely so, or entire. Flow in racemes from the axils of the persistent leaves. Calyx-lobes longer dun the p corolla white, ovoid or mostly urceolate: lobes very short. Stamens 10, included: anthers mem Capsule depressed. out 30 species, American and Asiatio, —Spr.— Fr ETTER-BUSHES Filaments scabrous or short-pubescent, straight or nearly so: anthers prominently Calyx-lobes strongl imbricate in anthesis: leaf-blades abruptly pointed or short-acuminate. 1. L. axillaris. Sa s 2 RECEN imbricate in anthesis: leaf-blades long- 2. L. Catesbaei. Filaments. ‘villous, sigmoid-eurved above: anthers obscurely bi- mucronate: twigs pale: leaf-blades fo Galante acute or short- acuminate. 3. L. acuminata. axillaris (Lam.) D. Don. Shrub 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades ane 2o elliptic -lane se or rarely ee to broadly elliptic, 4-15 em larger calyx-lobes ovate: corolla 6- m. long; lobes ovate: agile ule 6-7 mm. wide. LL. Pre ylla Small] —Damp woods, swampy thickets, and stream-banks in rather “acid soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S Va. L. Catesbaei (Walt.) A. Gray. Shrub 1-2 m. tall: s blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 6-15 em long: larger calyx-lobes ovate: corolla 5.5-6.5 mm. bout 5 long; lobes ovate: ee id abou mm. wide.— (Ivy. C ; SwITcH-Ivy. DoG-HOBBLE.)—-Wooded slopes, usually along streams, oe to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala. , Tenn, and V. 1002 |». ERICACEAE 3. L. acuminata (Ait.) D. Don. Shrub 1—4 m. tall: leaf-blades lanceolate : ovate- du. ae em. long: larger PEDE broadi y o ovate, eiliolat corolla 8-10 mm. long; lobes ovate: capsule about 5-6 mm. wide.—Sw anh ponds, and low hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. "e. YDENDRUM DC. Deciduous-leaved shrubs or trees. Leaves alter- nate: blades serrate. Flowers drooping in horizontally expanded panicles Calyx-lobes 5, persistent. Corolla white, ovoid or conic, 5-lobed. Filaments dilated, pubescent all over: anthers linear, Fe awnless, narrower than the filaments. Stigma ntire. Capsule ovoid, erect on a reeurved pedicel, the valve-margins thickened.—One Species 1. O. d (L.) DC. Shrub or tree be- coming m. tall: leaf- blades elliptic De elliptic- ee 8—20 em. lo panicles 1-2 dm. long, the peas pesa dise at maturity: calyx-lobes ovate: co- r e a., Ind., and S i um.—tThe tree is s used in fee "The bsc rown, hard, Coss -grained heart- wood. is used for tool-handles and machinery. The fowers furni sh a very pale hon 14. ZENOBIA D. Don. Deciduous- leaved shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades entire or shallowly ied Flowers in clusters from axillary buds. Calyx-lobes 5, longer than the tube. Corolla white or pink, often campanulate: lobes 5, very broad. unu 10, included: anthers slender-awned. Capsule depressed.—Only the following species.—Spr. Pedicels and lower surfaces of the leaf-blades green: calyx less than 7 mm. wi 1. Z. n OE Pedicels and lower surface of the leaf-blades densely glaucous: calyx over 7 mm. wide. 2. Z. pulverulenta. 1. Z. cassinefolia c Pollard. Shrub -2 m. tall, the foli green: leaf-blades elliptie, varying B r aN 2—6 to fd or Oo em. long, shallowly serrate: rolla 8-10 m. long.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, NE Fla. to N. C. 2. Z. pulverulenta (Willd.) Pollard. Shrub 2 the foliage glaucous: leaf- e 0 blades elliptie to s : ng, entire or obseurely serrate mm. Bees —Pinelands, Coastal Pisin. “can (or Fla.?) 2 N. two zenobia » distinctive — The mong our heaths by the en shades their foli lage. ~ one is a pale-green the other is glaucou l ERIS D. Don. Evergreen shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades dis- ay toothe Flowers in axillary and terminal racemes formed the year before they — Calyx-lobes 5, much longer than the tube. Corolla white, ERICACEAE 1003 .of an ovoid type, 5-lobed. Filaments unappendaged: anthers appendaged. Capsule globular, varying to spheroidal or ovoid.—About 6 species, North Ameri- can and hase 1. P. floribunda (Pursh) Benth. Shrub 3-18 dm n lanceolate, gene less than % as lon d as the bid capsule 5-6 long, not depre — (Mov FETTER-BUSH. yin d soil, Blue a to o Plateau, Ga. to Tenn. and S Va.—Spr.—s 16. AMPELOTHAMNUS Small Evergreen shrubs or woody vines, the branehes nearly terete. Leaves alternate: blades leathery, more or less toothed above the middle. Panicles raceme-like, borne solitary in the leaf-axils. Calyx- lobes 5, appressed to the corolla, leathery. Corolla white, ovoid, the tube slightly, if 2 al angled: lobes very short, nearly erect. Filaments flat, broad, sigmoid-curved near the top, unappendaged: a appendaged. Capsule spheroidal_—One spec 1. A. phillyreifolius (Hook.) Small. “Shrub with ing t by creeping under r bar eaf bado elliptic or b or rarely elliptic. ‘oblanceolate. o or obo- vate, 2-7 long, serrate near the apex: calyx-lobes lanceolate o or narrowly trian Mine eRe t mostly as long as the corolla: Poe 7—-8.5 mm. long: capsule slightly depressed 3—4 mm. long.—Moist pinelands and ponds, Coastal Plain, N Fla., to Ala. and Ga —NWint —spr.—Apparently the only climbing vine in this family in our pop, 17. DESMOTHAMNUS Small. Evergreen des with prominently angled branches and o foliage. Leaves altern d thick-leathery, entire, with intram arginal veins. Flower-clusters ius o the leaves of the preceding year. Calyx- o 5 narrow, somewhat pir oppi " Corolla white, pink, or ir ovoi conn ureeolate, nodding, cosi ed at the orifice. Filaments slender above the slightly dilated pound glabrous, each with a pair of appendages ne he top: anthers unappendaged rounded at the apex, the sutures thickened.—One 1. cidus (Lam.) Small. Shrub 1.5-2 m. tall: me blades leathery, o > oval or obov abruptly a zate, 2—8 inate: flower-clusters ' axil- lar: s od aoe ince acuminate: corolla white or rose, 7-9 m. long, fully twice as long as the calyx: capsu ule 3.5—4 mm. long. [Pieris nitida B. —(FETTER-BUSH.)—Moist pinelands, DS ponds, bays, and serub, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S Va.—Spr.- 1004 ERICACEAE 18. NEOPIERIS Britton. Deciduous- s shrubs with terete Hiro. and sparingly pubescent or glabrate foliage. eaves alternate: in- leathery, entire, without intramarginal veins. TTA along the pid branches of the previous year. Calyx-lobes 5, DIS deciduous with the leaves. orollà white or pink, cylindraceous-cam panulate, nodding. Filaments flat, pubes- cent, each with a pair of appendages near the top: anthers unappendaged. Style nan Capsule of an ovoid type, trun- ca, the contracted ce the sutures nn ces — One spec 1. N. mariana (L.) Britton. Shru m. tall: leaf- yd Mr ca elliptie to oval, or nearly s . long, obtuse or apicu- late: o a lateral: calyx-lobes broadly rac aed acute: corolla white or pinkish, 10—12 . long, = ped sd as ong as the ae capsu 7-9 m ong.— (STAGGER-BUSH. ) — P und. and acid ae Coastal Plain, and occasionally other provinces, Fla. to Ark., W. Va. and R. I.—Spr. i yp lee eS uni ram T T E MEE M N (e qd diit. DI - ^N WM! 1 19. XOLISMA Raf. Evergreen shrubs with lepidote foliage. Leaves alternate: blades leathery, entire or nearly so, often reticulate. Flower-clus- ters in the axils of the persistent leaves of the previous year. Calyx-lobes broad, short, persistent. Corolla white or pink, globular to urceolate, with short spreading or recurved lobes. Filaments gi ng u pendage apsule ——— due n of an ovoid type, prominently nid Ate ut 35 species, North fee s or all year S.—STAGGER- BUSH Leaves oe reduced toward the ends of the branches; blades oe reticula 1. X. . X. fer Leaves much reduced toward the ends of the branches; blades . X. fruticosa. uginea. prominently "etae 1. X. ferruginea (Walt.) Heller. Evergreen oblanceolate, 2.5—7 cm. long, scarcely reticu- late: corolla 2.5-3 mm. dar ng, angled at the base: ip cap 4.5-5 mm. long.—Hammocks with acid humus, sandhills and rw Coastal | Plain, Fla. to S. C. 2. X. pi aid (Michx.) Nash. Evergreen shrub 1-3 tall: leaves much reduc toward the ends of the branches; blades oval, obovate, or oblanceolate, reticulate: corolla 3.5-5 mm. long, rounded at the base: capsule 4—4.5 mm. long.—Hammoeks and pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C. ERICACEAE | 1005 20. ARSENOCOCCUS Small. Deciduous-leaved shrubs with more or less pubescent foliage. Leaves alternate: blades membranous or thickish. Flower- clusters in terminal panicled racemes. Calyx-lobes broad, short, persistent. Corolla white, urceolate, usually globular or depressed, with very short spreading or recurved lobes. Filaments thickened below the anthers, unappendaged. Capsule depressed, not angled.—Only the following species.—Spr.-sum.—MALE- BERRIES. Racemes and panicles leafy-bracted : 1. A. fro Racemes and panicles naked or nearly so. 2. ws EMO UN l. A. frondosus (Pursh) Small. ee tie i. shrub 1-4 m. tall: leaf- gees - to narrowly elliptie, or someti oval or obovate, 2-8 em. ee corolla 5 mm. wide. [Andr fiora Michx.]—Swamps and low po es Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S 2. A. ligustrinus (L.) Small Deciduous- leaved shrub 1—4 m. tall: leaf-blades elliptie em. long, entire or indis- ost omm bilge adi e e globular, mainly 4 wide.—Dry woods and thickets, hill- sides, moist thickets, acid ue va- us provinces, Fla. to Ar k., W. Va., and e. 1. EPIGAEA L. Evergreen creeping aidin with woody roots, Leaves alternate: blades entire. Flowers perfect or dioecious, in aua clust al es 5, DUC but eareely accrescent. Corolla white or pink, salverform, the b 5 ts slender, with a tuft of hairs near the middle: anthers ellipsoid-ovoid, awnles Stigma 5- lobed. Capsule depressed ios species, the following, and one in Japan. 5 Woy NNNM SS LII CO E + 1. E. repens L. Stem and branches 5-30 em. long, hirsute: leaf- ea UMS to oo ics or suborbicular, 2-10 em. long, É nely reticulate: calyx-lo ba es lanceolate, a cor ee about twice as long a the calyx; lobes ovate: Ti depressed 5- lobed —( TR pu Ei MAYFLOWER.) —D oods and banks, i in acid soil, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Sask and Newf.—Spr.—One of the very popular T du and np E in many localities. The flowers are very fragra 22. GAULTHERIA L. Evergreen undershrubs, with rootstocks. Leaves alternate, approximate near the ends of the branches: blades shallowly toothed. 1006 VACCINIACEAE Flowers axillary. Calyx-lobes 5, persistent accrescent. orolla urceolate, 5-lobed. merican and Asiatic. 1. G. procumbens L. Plant 3-15 em. tall: leaf-blades oval or Aue varying to ovate or obovate, 1.5-6 cm. long, serrate: Pen mm. long; t lobes rved: fruit globular, 7-11 mm thick, pas or white, Spicy.— (WINTERGREEN CREEPI NG-WINTERGREEN. CHECKERBERRY. WIN ER-BERRY. TEABERRY.)—Woods and swamps, in acid humus, various provinces, in Coastal Plain iu northward, Ga. to Ala., Mich., Man., and Newf. Shrubs, some cases with underground stems, or small trees, or rarely ES or ereeping plants. Leaves alternate, in some species ever- green: blades simple. Flowers perfect, regular, either solitary, in racemes, or in panicles, usually nodding. Calyx “of 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 petals, in most genera partly united. Androecium of twice as man stamens as there are corolla-lobes. Anthers in most species bearing dor- sal appendages and apical tubes. Gyno or 5 united carpels. eciu Ovary inferior, or in one genus half-inferior. Styles united. Fruit a berry or drupe.—About 25 genera and 300 species, widely distributed.— Most species thrive best in sandy acid soil. Pale 10-celled: fruit a berry-like drupe with = au TEE GAYLUSSACIEAE. Ovary 4- or 5- celled : oe a many-seeded berry or us few-seeded Ovary wholly inferior anther- sacs with tubular tips: typically colored. Petals more or less united: berry variously colored, but when red not markedly a cid. II. VACCINIEAE. Petals distinet: berry red, very "acid. IIT. OXXCOCCEAE. md one-half inferior or less: anther-sacs 2- pronged at apex: berry white. IV. CHIOGENEAE. I. GAYLUSSACIEAE Leaves deciduous; blades enti Inflorescence with dod dugUE bracts: hypanthium and fruit glabro Inflorescence o with P bracts: hypanthium and ruit pubæcent or glandular Leaves evergreen; blades t toothed. DECACHAENA. LASIOCOCCOS. gu n t VACCINIEAE Petals united nearly 7 their tips; corolla campanulate to lobose, more or ed urceolate: berry not red. Upright shrubs or tre sor olla campanulate: anthers awned. Anthers included : ypanthium jointed to the E deep: berry ae rather dry. 4. BATODENDRON. nthiu the pedicel, shallow: berry in some speci pale, Bo skinned, and bitter, in others IAS bu sipid. 5. POLXCODIUM. Corolla E S campanulate-urceolate, or cyl in- draceous: anthers Qu ES berry blue, black, or rarely whitish, juicy and sweet. 6. CYANOCOCCUS. : ` Ae A^ Faminty 5. VACCINIACEAE — HUCKLEBERRY FAMILY VACCINIACEAE 1007 Trailing shrub. 7. HERPOTHAMNUS. Petals united only near the base, recurved: corolla rotate: berry red or purplish. 8. HUGERIA. III. OxvcocckAE Slender Rui with trailing and creeping stem ms, and small pin A r pinkish ne m calyx-lobes meeting over the top he mature o 9. Oxycoccus. IV. CHIOGENE Aromatic creeping plant with inconspicuous flowers: calyx- lobes not meeting over the top of the m ature ovary. 10. CHIOGENES. 1, DECACHAENA T. & G. Resinous-dotted or resinous-coated shrubs, with tap-roots, or with underground stems. Leaves deciduous: blades mem- branous, entire. Flowers in lax panicles from wood of previous season, the the two following genera are often included in Gaylussacia which, however, tech- nically considered, forms a group of plants confined mostly to northern South America. Leaf-blades thick-membranous, obtuse or notched at the apex: sepals ovate Bt del- toid: filaments glabrous: anther- tubes lon I. FRONDOSAE. Leaf-blades thin-membranous, acute or acu minate: sepals broader than long: filaments pubescent : anther-tubes short. II. URSINAE. I. Corolla campanulate or globular- meiden p upe blue, glaucous. Corolla about 4 mm long: sepals about one-third as ns as the corolla-tube, 'orolla-lobes about one-fifth as long as the tube: leaf- blades glaucous, and sometimes finely pubescen nt be- . neath. 1. D. frondosa. Corolla-lobes about one-third as long as the tube: leaf- blades cop lously pubescent beneath. 2. D. tomentosa. Corolla about 3 mm. lo ong: sepals nearly one-half as long as the c orolla-tube. 3. D. nana. a. Coni to cylindraceous : drupe black. 4. D. baccata. I. E Slenderly branched shrub: sepals broad, half-orbicular to reni- form. 5. D. ursina. 1. D. frondosa (L.) T. & G. Stem widely branched, up to 3 m. tall, the you ng c finely puce nu or the twigs glabrous: leaf- blades elliptic to oval, at rho pward, whit mm. long: end slightly pem than the filaments: drupes 8-10 mm. in di- RRY. TANGLEBERRY.)—Aci Du and moist woods, various provinces, Fla. o La. Ohio, and N. H. D. tomentosa (Pursh) Small. Ste strict, up to 11 dm. tall, the twigs an 1008 VACCINIACEAE Or Eo. dp nearly mm. long; anthers longer than the filaments: dru n diameter ; dull. [Gaylussacia Hr UE Small]—Moist pine- lands, o "Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Ga. 3. D. nana (A. Gray) Small. Stem strict, up to 6 dm. tall, the twigs finely nearer leaf-blades elliptic to narrow wly obovate, 2-3 em. long, rugose, glaucous: panicles rather numerous, the branches glaucous or resinous-dott ted: hypanthium and calyx glabrous, glaucous: Soria white or E P eds about 2.5 mm. long; anthers about as long as the filaments: drupe mm diameter, dull. fis coe nana Small Dry to moist open e ad pue Ala. Ga. 4. D. baccata (Wang.) Small. Stem much -branched up to 12 dm. tall: leaf- blades elliptie to oval or somewhat obovate or ovate, 2-4.5 em. long, sticky- ino nd fi n bloom (or blue and with bloom, in D. bac cata glaucocarpa), sometimes shining, sweet. [Gaylussacia resinosa (Ait.) T. & G.]— m dde Md woods, thickets, and swamps, usually in acid soil, various provinces, Ga. to La. Sask., Ont., and Ne ewf 5. D. ursina (M. A. Curtis) Small. Stem nori branched, up to 1.5 m. tall, igs finely deer leaf-blades varying from elliptic, to obovate and m. long, thin, bright-green with se attered hairs, espe- cially on the veins: Die lax, the branches with scatter = por hypanthium lyx j ] lo mm nd ca labrous, with resinous globules: corolla g —5 o stamens 3.5—4 lo thers much shorter than the laments drupe 10-12 . in diameter, shining, oe or sometimes sweet and d flavor [Gaylussacia ursma M. is.] — (BEAR-HUCKLEBERRY UCKBERRY.)— Wooded slopes and summits, Pes = acid humus, Blue Ridge aad occasionally adj. provinces, Ga. to Tenn. and N. C. — Erroneously reported from Ky. 2. LASIOCOCCUS Small. pd ipa shrubs, often with under ground stems, the branches erect. Leaves tardily deciduous: blades thick- membranous, veiny. Flowers in lateral once raceme-like panicles on pre- vious year’s wood, with large persistent bracts and bractlets. Sepals glandular- ciliate. Corolla campanulate, white or pi is tamens about equaling tig co a exceeding the sacs. Drupe black, shining, pubescent. Gar the following speeies.—Spr.—GOPHERBERRIES. DWARF-HUCKLEBERRIES. Hypanthium glandular-puberulent: corolla globular-urceolate, wider than long. 1. L. dumosus. Hypanthium eo a -hirsute: corolla campanulate-urceolate, longer than Pe deltoid, "Slightly acuminate : corolla-lobes broadly ovate, h 2. L. Mosieri. d D B" ct É5 ee B ji oo cB e m uz [e ar Nn le] ct (D pa iu Sepals osae deod obtuse: corolla-lobes reniform acutish: ute. nthium short-hirsu 3. L. orocola. 1. L. dumosus (Andr.) Small. Stem 1-3 dm. tall or rarely mor puberulent: leaf-blades obovate to spatulate, or sometimes ay Bee or VACCINIACEAE 1009 al, 2-4 cm. long, minutely pubescent, at y ul ve ndular hairs: sepals ovate to deltoid-ovate, often unequal: corolla 5—7 j s subreniform e Plain, x E boa E „Stem 8—15 = Mr silvery, gland Hee hairs rie blades elliptic ys eliptic- T or oblanceolate, p. 6 m. long, sparsely ce m pubescent on both sides when young, s at veiny in age: inflor ce-branches spreading, often Gane m one "like twigs: a deltoid, slightly acuminate: corolla 8-9 mm. long, the lobes E ovate: stamens bet tween 6 and 7 mm. long; anthers between 5 and 6 mm. long, the tubular appendages much longer than s sacs: drupe 8-10 mm. in diameter. [Gaylussacia hirtella (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]— i Poe d enr Fla. ac Dust Hou the Bia C ors Byam 2 Fla. difie s from preceeding species in the thieker leaf-blades whieh are Hound. elliptic or oval and not gradually narrowed to the base. It is known loeally as woolly- berry. 3. L. a Small. Stem up to 11 Pu Mie the twigs downy: leaf-blades elliptic o or r slightly broadened upward, 2—4 m. long, with pii scattered hairs n bo S —9 mm. lon e lobes reniform: stamens about 6 mm. long; anthers about 5 mm. long, the tubular appendages very slender, end longer than the saes.—Swamps, Blue Ridge, N. C. 3. BUXELLA Small. Nearly glabrous shrubs with extensive underground d stems and branches, the branchlets erect or assurgent, sharply ri idged. Leaves evergreen: blades ed oothed. Flowers in axillary congested raceme- ike panicles with deciduous bracts. Hypanthium saucer-shaped. Sepa s broad, sho glabrous. Corolla eee pink. Stamens much rter than the corolla. Anthers shorter than the broad filaments, with apical tubes shorter than the bodies. Drupe dark-blue, usually glaucous, or rarely white with a pink cheek.—One species. B. ican be nd Smal. Plant shallowl ach tooth with a deciduous stipi itate gla aa ja tuse: corolla angled, 5-7 mm. long, the lobes as broad as long or broader, much shorter than the tube: drupe subglobose to pyriform, 7-12 mm. long. [Vaccinium brachycerum Michx 64 1010 VACOINIACEAE Gaylussacia brachycera A. Gray]—(BOX-HUCKLEBERRY. JERUSALEM-HUCKLE- ERRY. IPER.)—W ooded slopes Rer i1 north, in acid soil, px provinees, E Tenn., a Ky. d S border o Pa., Md., and Del.; develope ed in SE W. Va., un pone CR iE ps in "isolated patches, bis repr Bc anr a EUN plant —BSpr.—Where abundant the berries are made into a preserve. 4. BATODENDRON Nutt. Shrubs or small trees, with much-branched stems. Leaves somewhat persistent: blades thin-coriaceous, often glandular denticulate. Flowers in leafy-bracted pan- icles. Sepals acute. Corolla campanulate, white or pinkish. Stamens shorter than the corolla: anther-sacs longer than the fila- ments, shorter than the apical-tubes. Berry black, shining, many-seeded.—T wo or three speeies, in the southern United States. B. arboreum (Marsh.) Nutt. Stem lobes acute or acutish, much shorte the tube: anthers about 3 mm. long: Pese globose, 5-6 mm. in diameter, the pulp rather dry.—(SPARKLEBERRY. FARKLEBERRY. TREE-HUCKLEBERRY. GOOSE- BERRY. ee various provinces, Fla. to Tex., ay a. ne g ealeareous soil. “The brown, hard, very close-grained wood is used for ton: handles 5. POLYCODIUM Raf. Shrubs with irregularly branched stems. Leaves deciduous: blades thick-membranous, often pubescent or glaucous, entire. Flowers in leafy panicles. eid s rounded, acute, or acuminate. Corolla white or greenish, open-campanula Stamens longer than " corolla: anther-saes shorter than the filaments, much Pu. than the apieal tubes. Berry green, nin Pus ua or black, in many species glaucous, dull, few-seeded.— s, in eastern North America.—Spr.—BUCKBERRIES. SQUAW- HUCKLEBERRIES, DEERBERRIES. GOOSEBERRIES. Racemes or panicles with bracts tape A the leaves of the branches and usually about as large: berry greenish or blue Leaves and branchlets pubescent, 1. P. floridanum, Leaves and branchlets glabrous. 2. P. Ashei. Bon d: pon oes with bracts conspicuously smaller than the Leaves 2nd. branchlets EO 9. P. neglectum. Leaves and branchlets pubescen dopo ics to ovate- deltoid, not exceeding the olla pee corolla- lobes usually shorter kan the Hypanthium ‘and calyx glabrous, oe the cilio- late sepals, green or glaucous: berry green, yellowish, or glaucous. wo qe rather pale-green beneath: berry een or yellowish. 4. P. stamineum. Leaf-blades glaucous, ee chalky-white beneath; berry glaucou . P. candicans. VACCINIACEAE 1011 Hypanthium and calyx pubescent: berry plum- purple or nearly black. Sepals a plants erect up to 1.5 m. ta Corolla about thrice as long as the ES. idis abou ds 1 m long in anthes amens mm. lon 6. P. melanocarpum. Corolla D Duce as long as the calyx: sepals about 2 long in anthesis: stam mene 3.5-4.5 m ` long. T. P. macilentum, iis obtuse or merely B Uie plants de- sed. 8. P. depressum. Sepals lucis exceeding the corolla-sinuses: corolla-lobes longer than the tube. 9. P. leptosepalum. 1. P. floridanum (Nutt.) Greene. Stem up to 1.5 m. tall, the branchlets loosely s -pubescent: leaf-blades oval to ovate or obovate, or a few suborbieular, 1.5— 4 . long, finely pubescent, especially on the whitish lower surface, abruptly narrowed at the base, rounded or even subcordate, closely cent: reticulate-veined : pedicels pubescent: sepals bearded at the apex: stamens 4—5 mm. long: ry subglobose to pyriform, abou m in diam . ca Greene ]|—Pine- ands, scrub, and hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C. | 2. P. Ashei Harbison. Stem up usually 1 m. tall the eM glabrous: ig Med .elliptie to oval, varying to s obovate 9.5— 5.5 em. end a u late-veined : pedicels Sa ay sepals glab- rous: stamens mostly 5-6 mm. long: berry subglobose, 9-12 mm. in diameter, with copious T —Pinelands and barren ridges, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Ga. to S. C. . neglectum Small. Stem up to 2 m. tall, D ds branehlets: leaf- blades elliptie to oval, elliptic- Baedain, or cuneate, glabrous: hypanthium gl us: sepals glabrous: stamens mostly 5-6 mm. de berry subglobose to globose-obovoid, 5-8 mm. in diameter, green or yellow.—Open woods and thick- ets, various provinces, Fla. to La., Kans., and S Va. amineum (L.) Greene. Stem up to 2 m. tall, with pee branchlets: leaf- blades oval to elliptie, varying to somewhat o vate or ebovate, 3-7 cm. long, rounded or abruptly narrowed at the base, E pale dee hypanthium TOUS: very a ili s about 7 mm. long: berry globular, about 10 mm. in diameter, green.—Hillsi de es and o woods, in rather acid soil, various provinces, Ga. to La., Minn., Sask., and Me. . P. candicans Small. Stem up to 2 m. tall, ine pen A n branehlets: leaf-blades P sometimes narrowly s arying to somewhat ovate or obovate, 3-10.5 em. long, acute or somewh 7 ac PIA IE light. green above, white benea th aa more or pee finely ae ee nt: pedi cels minutely pubescent: hypanthium B aueous: sepals sparingly pubescent or ciliate with dition: ong: us globular, about 10-11 mm. in diameter, glaucous.— Acid od Piedmont to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala. and Pa. 6. P. melanocarpum (C. Mohr.) Small. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall, with copiously pubescent branchlets: leaf- blades elliptic to elliptic. -lanceolate, elliptic- -oblanceo- 1012 VACCINIACEAE late, or a few ovate, 4-11 em. long, acute or somewhat acuminate, permanently pubescent, at least beneath: pedicels pubescent and sometimes glandular: n oe B sepals p ciliate and sometimes with large ses- sile glands edge s: o ad m. samen stamens 7-8 mm. long: berry globose, dou Pp in diam "pibe Eni when young, glabrous at matu- rity.—Sandy ous aaa uum. Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Miss., Mo., and N. C. B. ilentum Small. Stem about 1 m. tall, with closely p moo Sat eee leaf-blades elliptic, sometimes narrowly so, varying t hat ovate or obovate, 2.5-8 em. long, finely pubescent, especia ie beneath. “slightly veiny at maturity: pedicels closely pubescent MES gla o hairs: cs um and bonc elosely pubescent: sepals ciliate: corolla 2-3 mm. long: men T 5— 4.5 . long: berry not seen mature ,bute dep. iens ‘smalle r EM in the next gor species.—Pinelands, in the Coastal Plain of Ala. P. depressum Small. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, with finely d ag a blades Med or nearly so, or r individually broadly elliptic mm. long, closely pubescent: pedicels Bere ent with ail hairs: b dad a oe pubescent: sony ` pubescent: corolla about 4 mm. long: Mi about 7 mm. long: berry not seen.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Ww Fla. o S La. P. leptosepalum Small. Ste to 1 m. tall with api aka eae boue oed eae elliptic or slightly bro adencd upward, 3-6.5 . lon somewhat acuminate, finely reticulate beneath, minutely pu ubescent on the veins on ae sides: ee eds eum cent: hypanthiu mE. sepals lanceolate, more or less pubescent, shaggy- pai cr about 4 mm. long, the lobes longer Bn o tube: stamens 5-6 m ong: berry not seen.—Rich woods, Miss. Note: Sinee the above matter was in type species additional to those de- seribed de have been proposed by William Willard Ashe in Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. 46: 196—213, 1931. 6. CYANOCOCOUS Rydb. Shrubs often with underground stems and erect branches, or small trees, the foliage glabrous or pubescent. Leaves evergreen or deciduous, sometimes tardily so: blades coriaceous or firm-membranous, en- tire or toothed. Flowers in braeted racemes or panicles, more or less fascicled. Sepals broad, persistent. Corolla urceolate, soos nap ae -urceolate, or cylin- draceous, white to red. Stamens Mai d: fila ments pu ent: anthers awn- less, with cag tubes. Berry r black and sea or Rud red, many- species, "o distributed. —Spr.very early sum.— UEBERRIES. e E good interpretation of the species. The plants flowering and fruiting at widely different seasons usually results in the pn dd of incomplete specimens.—The berries of many species are gathered for the market. Several kinds are cul- tivated in order to supply the demand.. The "rre species were heretofore included in Vaccinium. Leaves evergreen: blades fleshy-coriaceo I. NITIDI. Leaves deciduous, sometimes partly persistent with the blades membranous or thin-coriaceous southward. Hypanthium and calyx glabrous, often pig cono: II. CORYMBOSI. Hypanthium and calyx glandular-pubescent. III. HIRSUTI. ITIDI Shrub with numerous small green or moon glaucous leaves, white or pink corollas, and black or sometimes eines: fruit 1. C. Myrsinites, VACCINIACEAE II. CORYMBOS Corolla cylindric or cylindraceous, gcc twice as long as thick. more or less De beneath, serrulate or individually entire and cilia Leaf-blades thin-coriaceous: coros red or reddish. Leaf-blades membranous, but often firm in age: co- rolla P. white or pinkis Low pla m. or A more): Jeaf-blades = decidedly broadened upward, lle er plants: leaf-blades of an elliptic or oval t a few, or rarely m m : leaf- blades usually r 3—8 em. lon ng: the branches stout. Leaf-blades SIADEOUE. entire, eciliate. Corolla urceola Ee or nulate, mostly less than twice as ong as Heal surfaces. Dee t, sometimes mainly or only on the midrib above or benea h. Tall shrubs, exceedin c dominantly of an elliptie type Peduncle glabrous: juvenile Teat- blades more or less pubescent, but not downy Leaf-blades ciliate or serrulate. Leaf-blades ciliate. leaf-blades pre- pu jack: branches light-green, Berry blue: branches dark- -green. Leaf-blades serrulate, the teeth often hair- ipp Leaf-blades pale and finely wide. Leaf blades green beneath, with scat- bue spine-like hairs on the midrib nd veins about 0.5 mm. wide. Leaf-blades entire and eciliate, Aie pubes- eneath : or glaucescent beneath pubescent: seeds about 1 rous "on both sides or pubescent on the midrib ADO ove dE pubescent on the midrib above, glabrous UT blades ciliate-serrulate : E oe -green. eaf-blades entire: branchlets pa ale-g Leaf Diades glabrous on both si eaf-blades narrowed at the Mm often cuneate. Leak. blades rounded to cordate at the base. HIRSUTI III. Shrub with copiously pubescent foliage and flowers: bracts somewhat foliaceous, persistent. C. Myrsinites (Lam.) Small. obovate, oblanceolate, oval, elliptic, or ovate, glandular shallow te th, gr and sparingly pubescent beneath (or glaucous essentially glabro n 1 inium Myrsinites glauc : sepals broadly Ped ph abou meter. LY. 2000 RM ]— ser ae pos e and open woods, in acid uen Plain, Fla. d La. and N. a.2).— Recent ae indicat that T.n nitidum, maintained n Fl. SE. U. S., is not Bare distinet 6-20 n C. fuscatus (Ait.) Sm Stem branehlets finely pubescent: 1-2.5 m. 2. C. fuscatus. 3. C. tenellus. 4. C. Elliott. 5. C. amoenus. . C. virgatus. T. C. atrococcus. 8. C. corymbosus, 9. C. simulatus. 10. C. Cuthberti. 11. C. holophyllus. 12. C. Margarettae 3. C. vacillans. 14. C. pallidus. 15. C. liparus 16. C. tallapusae, 17. C. subcordatus. 18. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, n branched: leaf-blades m. long with DERDE and 1013 hirsutus. tall, irregularly branched, the leaf-blades ovate, oval, or elli iptic, varying to 1014 VACCINIACEAE lanceolate or oblanceolate, 3-7 cm. long, or some 12 cm., firm in age, finely pubescent at least beneath, "NES. Em shallowly Lage? A B entire: ekr ovate to Hr Or Pos Md DN obtuse: red or E ed sh, RUE 9 long: stam long: ber peu bose, Pa dde: in dia nans ek "ow ie ade sandhil and ancient dun nes, Coas tal "Plain, Fla. to La., Ark., Ga.—Charae md by its RPM branehing and irregu- lar leaves with RUD Doc coUe pie : - pissed i. ) Small. Stem 2-3 dm. tall or rarely more, from underground branchlets copiously ela leaf-blades oblanceolate, ub hue dee or spatulate, 1-2.5 em. long, m a obscurely toothed: a ovate to us : oid, ia ae conic, 5-7 mm. long: stamens about . long: ber n diam black eae the bloom. —Pinelands, oe o and asid ane margins, Goan stal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss., Tenn., and S Va. Often growing in lar pi E LA The flowers, a pink or z whitish, are sometimes tinged with gree 4. C. Elliottii (Chapm.) Small. Stem 1-2.5 m. tall, dd dd the branchlets pubescent: leaf-blades ovate, oval, or elliptic, 1-2.5 c ong, or rarely longer, often uu eden uniform in size, acute or obtuse, ea eo or erenu- late, finely pubescent on both sides, or sometimes above only on the midribs: sepals Mun n F E no than long, n ea ne pink or pinkish, 5-6 . long: 5.5 mm. long: berry subglobose, 7-8 mm. in diameter, m to bluish. black. a ee bloom. ee pin nelands acid swamps, stream- banks, and thickets, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, N Fla. to Tex. , Ark., and Va. —The leaves often suggest Hote of cassena (Ilez vomitoria.) 5. C. amoenus (Ait.) Small. Stem 1-5 m. tall, the branches ii id eel pubescent: leaf-blades variously elliptic 9- 8 em. long, acute tim short-acu au rarely reniform-ovate, bani about as broad as E Ms pur corolla white to pinkish, 7-10 m ir pac: cylindraceous- eampanulate: stamens 6-9 m long: berry globular, 6—10 mm. in diameter, black with a bloom causing di to appear blue. [V. corym onm in UT CFL. SE U.S. ee bogs, meadows, woods and yaa various provinces, re to Ark., Mich., and N. S.—Long con- fuse iP vith - orymbosus from which t differs in its s leaves, and its more narro and differently shaped My A form with non-glaucous hy- panthium, ieee and ea and with the leaf-blades Bo det beyond the middle may bea eeu spec A form with glaucous foliage occurs in W Fla., where various forms are cultivated asa the ic prre blueberry. Vaccinium Ashei Read seems to belong her 6. C. virgatus (Ait.) Small. Stem 1-3 m. tall, branched, with glabrous branch- in leaf-blades ~ or oval, or some slightly ovate or obovate, mostly 4-8 long, deep-green above, more or less glaucous bd ie glabrous: sepals deltoid or nearly so, o, corolla "white or ee 8-10 mm. long: stamens 8-9 mm. eo pass 7-9 m n diameter, glaucous. [V. ae Small. ape woods ams, ds and lake shores, "Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. pide before the leaves appear or "with their appearance, and cera by the total absence of hairs on the foliage. Ts a hg coccus (A. ay) Small 1-2 tall, with 2 a branches and sparingly ‘pubescent E E blades elliptic or oval, ae een upward, 3—7 cm. long, entire, mostly acute or short-acun E dark-green above, lai and more or less pubescent beneath: oe and VACCINIACEAE 1015 e E Lien Wigs pied than long, B corolla a white 2 D ish, PL pas ate or somewhat ovoid, 7-8 m ong (rarely 5 mm.): 5-8 m m. long: berry globular, 6-10 m m. in prie not glaucous. Div nem and w oods, various provi Ga. to Ark. , Ont., and N. B. E ES the ka 'expand, and SR "ruling earlier than C. corymbosus. 8. C. corymbosus (L.) Ryd “Stem 1-4 m. tal, widely branched, the eed lets finely ed leaf. lades elliptic, oval, or elliptic- lanceol: ate, 4-8 ¢ long, mostly acute or short-acuminate, deep-green above, more or less pu oben, sparingly so in n beneath, entire: hypanthium and calyx glaucous: sepals broader than long, obtuse or broadly rounded: corolla "ie to pinkish, 6—10 mens 6-9 mm. : mm. long, ovoid to A campanulate: sta: 9 ng y globular, 7-10 mm. in diameter, black, but very glaucous.—Acid bogs, eral a moist and occasionally rocky woods, various provinces, Ga. in N ing with the leaves half fy wn; also readily distinguishable e OW with from tis nee gdh Ves species by the fruit imulatus Sm Ste l with irregular branches and Se pubescent fe "teat carey elliptic to iar iatis d Nerd REPE or obovate, 2.5-7 em. long, acuminate a erely a rrulat bright-green above, ee or glabrate and pale or r glane escent o hypanthium and calyx TN a ie ie sepals reniform, oo ien corolla urceolate, 3.5—4.5 m ong, white to pinkish-green: m au pm long: berry globular, 5-7 m n somewhat glauc n drm Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to "Ala. and S N. von us with the leaves partly grown 10. uthbertii Small. Stem up to 2.5 m. tall, widely d the branch- lets wirds leaf-blades elliptie-obovate to ov al, 1.5-3.5 e m. long, acute, ser- rulate, nearly glabrous, with few scattere minute Spine-like hairs on the veins heneath, lightly pra vey beneath: hypanthium and ealyx light- o sepals half-orbicular to orbicular- a corolla white to pin B about 5 m long, urceolate: stamens 3-4 mm. long, the filaments short and broad: ee globose, 4-6 mm. in Bent ncn s bvamps, Coastal Plain, Ga. to S. C.— Flowering with the appearance of the leaves 11. C. holophyllus Small Stem up to 1.5 m. tall, much-branched, the branch- lets softly Mn ddr E s oval elliptic or individually loq ove or below the m. long, entire, brownish-pu ent on both ped when youn ae oe and closely pubestont bene eath: hypan thiu um and calyx ewhat glaucous: o triangular to half- -orbicular, obtuse: soit white or pinkish, 6-7 mm. long, eyindraceous ns 5—6 mm. long: berry globose, 4-6 mm. in ES glaucous.—Abou ee ae Coastal Plain, Fla. a a.—Flowering with the pen one of the leaves, which, how- ever, are sometimes partly persistent. The entire leaf-blades are "diagnostic. `- 12. C. Margarettae (Ashe) Small. Stem up to 2 m. tall, with spreadi ing ax the branchlets ied soft-pubescent: leaf-blades elliptie to oval o , 2-3.5 em. long, acute hi slightly acuminate, entire, closely spe dort disi acute or rounded at the base: hypanthium and e g broadly ovate to E corolla Baga yellow, more or less oe with ir o-6 mm. long, or Ru mpan ae e -urceolate: stam 4.5-5.5 mm. long: berry globose, 5-6 mm. ME dri blaek, shining.—Wo ode Piedmont and Blue Ridge, Ga. to Ala. and S. C. —Flowering with the leaves half grown. Plants spread by underground stems. en 25 BS pe— eo per] [e o for} n n QOO acillans (Kalm) Rydb. Stem less than 0.5 m. tall, widely branched, ae ie glabrous, or with minute hairs when young: leaf-blades oval, 1016 VACCINIACEAE arying to ovate or obovate, 2-3 em. long, apiculate to ae T serrulate or less to serrulate, light-green, glabrous or with scattered hairs and m glaucous beneath: hypanthium and calyx glaucous: see deltoid 4 or - deltoid- reniform, obtuse: corolla 4-6 mm. long, dish-green: stamens 3-5 mm. lo berry globose, 4—7 m ameter, very glauco Paar a in dry Er VLA acid soil, various provinces, Ga. to Mis r - Mic —Flowering while the leaves are appearing; p ow in ' Jarge patches Ta underground stems, often conspicuous by the a uniform leav 14. C. pallidus (Ait.) Small. ‘Stems 1-2.5 m. tall, ii d) ber the branchlets minutely pubescent: leaf-blades oval or elli iptie, varying to vate or obovate, 2.5-7 e m ir mostly aeute or slightly acuminate, ee deber on the midrib above, and along the ciliate-serrulate margin, bright-green above, pale o dcos ud P eath: hypanthium and calyx glaucescent: sepals ovate, sometimes broadly so, to triangular: corolla greenish-pink, campanulate-urceo- late, 4-5 mm s 5 m. long: berry subglobose, 2 j diameter, very glaucous.—Acid woods, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga d RA a.—Flowering with the abs well developed. Most lux- th ant and fruitful at cb altitudes.—V. carolinianum Ashe, known only from Eier material, seems to be a form of this c 15. C.liparus Small Stem up to 1 m. tall, irregularly branched, the branch- lets dod or finely pubescent: leaf-bla des narrowly obovate or d 3-7 cm. long, acute, sometimes abru uptly pointed, glabrous, except on the midrib nae pale-green or glaucous beneath: hypanthium and calyx paca. sepals deltoid or wider than e ng, ae corolla white to pi c 1.8 mm. long, cam- pa anulate-urceolate: stamens 6-7 mm. long: berry glo , 5-7 mm. long, glau- ous.—Acid woods, and s nce: in pinelands, HE aee amd. NOS England Du E Tenn. to S N. Y. and N. H. Pii. with the leaves half devel- oped; flowers Ed ie ans those of C. palli 6. C. tallapusae Coville. Stem 15-60 dm. tall, from a thick rootstock, gla- brous, or the branches sparingly pubescent in lines: leaf-blades elliptic- lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, acute, entire, glabrous or som pubescent above along the midrib or even ciliolate at maturity: sepals psy sometimes broadly so, obtuse or aeutish, entire: corolla a SA sometimes with a blush of pink, campa Bee urceolate, 5-5.5 m ong: s 4.5—5 mm. E ng: berry globose 7-10 mm. in dia meter or 2 ee lucc -Od k woods, Piedmont and adj. us es, W Ga., Eo in the vicinity of Talla- poosa, and E Ala.—Flowering as the leaves appea C. subcordatus Sm Stem prid less than 1 m. tall widely SN] the pode Sous or sometimes with few minute hairs: leaf- blades ovate or oval-ovate, 1-3 em. long, mucronate or acute, bright-green above, dpud pon glabrous, e ciliate-serrulate, rounded to cordate at the | bas Dd m and = i ears sepals ovate to deltoid: Eod: not go globose, 6-8 m n diameter, very glaucous.—Open near Knoxville, BE. valley. Tenn. —Distinguished tom our other c end by the more or less cordate leaf-blades. 18. C.hirsutus (Buckl.) Small. Stem up to 1 m. tall, irregularly Tn the branchlets copiously soft-pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic to o Vege 2-5 em. lon ng mostly e e, entire, softly pubescent on both sides: braets shaped like leaves but much smaller: hypanthium and calyx copiously E softly de de. sere a als ovate: corolla greenish-white to reddish, 8-9 mm. long, or rarely 7 mm.: filaments with long hairs: berry subglobose, 6-7 mm. in diame- m | VACCINIACEAE 1017 ter, eii purplish-blaek.—Open woods, in aeid soil, Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn.—Distinguished from all our other blueberries by the pubescent fruits. 7. HERPOTHAMNUS Small. Shrubs with trailing, creeping stems and branches. Leaves evergreen: blades coriaceous, obscurely toothed. Flowers in eluster-like racemes with scale-like bracts. Hypanthium cup-shaped. Sepals very broad, acute. Corolla depressed-urceolate, 5-lobed. Stamens included. ilaments longer than ant Anthers awnless, with short apical tubes. Beo globose, black.—One species. 1. H. crassifolius a Small. ct and fee uP to long, gla : leaves numerous; bla A ea or elliptic, p sometim ovate or suborbicular, 3-10 mm. ers ceeding the picker Bar als deltoid 2 "broadly triangular, acute: iere pink . lon about 3 mm. T pou broadly rounded: stamens 2.5 mm. long: ents pubescent: berry in diameter. [Vaccinium crassifolium rene T ( CREEPING- Tom )— Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. Spr. 8. HUGERIA Small. Shrubs with rigid branches. Leaves deciduou blades membranous, finely toothed, flat. Flowers solitary on slender Hd arising from edi peduncle and a pair of bracts. Hypanthium obconic. Sepals of a deltoid type. wis rotate, pink or white, with the 4 long lobes iik baekward. Sta- mens conspicuously exserted. Anthers awn- less, with very s des apieal tubes. Berry globos ji red, sometimes turning purple, in- sipid o metimes sweet and pleasant ins Nb us species and one or two others in eastern Asia. 1. H. por e (Michx.) Small. Stem 1-2.5 m. tall, the twigs mostly pc am leaf-blades ROS A ERE 2.5-7.5 em. long, acuminate, the teeth bristle- tipped: flowers nodding: sepals ciliate, e corolla 10-13 mm. a ng, the lanceolate lobes 4 or 5 iu longer than the tube: stamen oe 10-12 m A ee x. uu in diameter. [Vacciniwm erythrocarpum Michx. ]— (Mov TAIN- and summits, BEAR-BERRY.)—C to > Appalachian Plateau , Ga. to Tenn., W. Va., and A erp T flavor and acidity of the fruit is variable. ae fruit from different mountains is often quite different in flavor. The better kinds make a delicious jelly. In cultivation the better kinds would doubtless furnish an " additional "desirable berry. 9. OXYCOCCUS Hill. Shrubs with slender trailing and creeping stems and branches. Leaves evergreen: blades coriaceous, entire, revolute. Flowers 1018 DIAPENSIACEAE terminating slender stalks with one or two small braetlets, 1-4 of which arise from ter- minal scaly buds. Hypanthium cup-shaped. Sepals 4, often of a deltoid type. Corolla white or pinkish, of 4 narrow petals with one or more curled back. Stamens se ate sly exserted. Anthers awnless, with long slender apical tubes. Berry globose or somewhat elongate, red, acid.—A bout 6 species, natives of the Northern Hemisphere 1. O. macrocarpus (Ait.) Pursh. Stem up to l m. long, often finely pubescent, with erect or ascending flowering branches: leaves D on blades elliptie to red elliptic, varying to ovate or coon 6-14 mm. long, pale or whitish th: sepals acute, ciliolate: corolla noddin Sens eg c to E de d Ae long: stamens abou mm. long: berry 1-2 diameter. ‘[Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.]—(CRAN- ERRY.)—Bogs, a dd. meadows, low sandy 09d. and sandy banks, various a inces, in Coastal Plain only N, N. C. to Ark., Ind., Ont., and Ne wf—Sum — The commercial cranberry. 10. CHIOGENES Salisb. Siightly woody plants with slender plaine stems and branches. Leaves evergreen: blades coriaceous, entire. Flowe solitary and sessile in a pair of braetlets R3 £5 BH e — z (ge) B ua - at the apex. Berry globose, white.—One species. F C. hispidula (L.) T. & G. Stem branched t the base, the n e often numerous S, leave us; bl oval to n , 9— -13 m mm. long, Mies and with seattered hairs on the lower surface: hypanthium pubescent: sepals obtuse: corolla. abo ex 2 mm. long, the 4 lobes obtuse: stamens about 1 mm. Jong: berry 5-7 mm. in diameter, with scattered hairs, slightly acid i aro- ic. —(CREEPING- B CAPILLAIRE. MOXIE- -PLUM.)—Damp w oods and bogs, in PR acid humus or acid moss, Blue a and more northern prov- , N. C. to Mich., B. C., Ont., and Newf.— Spr. FAwiLY 6. DIAPENSIACEAE — Pyxig. FAMILY Undershrubs. Leaves alternate, often numerous: blades entire, leath- ery. Flowers solitary. Calyx of partly united persistent sepals. Corolla of 5 partly united petals. Androecium of 5 stamens, the filaments partly united to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Fruit a 3-valved eapsule.—T wo genera and about 6 species, natives of the North- ern He pure. ab — Wn ———— oi DER rame. MEL ee cc or caz—sc o c GCoÁSÓO E Eo eiliate at e. E braets ciliat GALACACEAE | 1019 .1. PYXIDANTHERA Michx. Evergreen plants with creeping stems and branches. Leaves numerous. Calyx-lobes broad and imbricate. Corolla white, persistent: lobes 5, rounded, spreading. Anthers in the sinuses of the corolla. Capsule subglobose.—Two species.—Spr.—PYXIE. FLOWERING-MOSS. Leaves bright-green: calyx-lobes obscurely ciliolate: corolla-lobes with suborbicular ips. u 1. P. barbulata. Leaves lanate, hence hoary: calyx-lobes ciliate: corolla-lobes l cuneate. 2. P. brevifolia. 1. P. barbulata Michx. Plant forming a mat: leaf-blades linear, linear-ob- lanceolate, linear- ears or a ota: 0-8 mm. long, pubescent and calyx- 3 lobes 3.5—4 S tip, e ali Ser corolla 6-7 mm. Pde: lobes with suborbicular blades: capsule about 2.5 mm. in diameter.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, S. C. to N. J. 2. P. brevifolia Wells. Similar to P di bulata in habit » but with the hoary clusters of leaves smaller : leaf- erage linear- bue linear, or linear- June eolate, 2-4 mm. long, lanate: qr copiously eee calyx-lobes about 3 mm. long, pink, ciliate: corolla 5-6 mm. wide; lobes D cunea is o cap- sule ici smaller t eod lata.—Sandhills, e Ca Pisin N. C. Famity 7. GALACACEAE —Garnaxy FAMILY Perennial, evergreen, seapose herbs. Leaves alternate, but few and all basal: bla ides leathery, toothed. Flowers solitary or in a raceme. Calyx of 5 partly united persistent sepals. Corolla “of 5 partly united ree Androecium of 5 stamens alternating with 5 staminodia, all some- times partly united into a tube. Gynoecium of 3 n earpels, Fruit a 3-valved capsule.—Four genera, North American and Flowers large, solitary: anthers surpassing the staminodia. 1. SHERWOODIA. Flowers small, in a long raeeme: anthers surpassed by the inodi 2. GALAX. HERWOODIA House. Herbs with short caudices bearing few leaves, with phe long-petioled blades. Flower-stalks bearing few scales and a single flower. Staminodia very short. Style elongate [Shortia T. & G. not Raf.]—T wo species, the following and one Asiatic. l. S. galacifolia (T. & G.) House. Plan gregarious: leaf-blades oval or m M eapsule 5—6 mm. long, shorter than the s | Shortia galacifolia T. & G.]—(SHoRTIA OCONEE-BELLS. e FLOWER COLTSFOOT.)— Ravines and stream-banks, in acid humus, inner m t mud | Blue Ri idge, S. C. and N. C.—Rare.—Spr. 1020 ARMERIACEAE GALAX L. Herbs with a short caudex bearing few leaves with broad long-petioled blades. Flowers in an KR spike-like raceme. Staminodia exceeding the anthers. Style very shor One species G. aphylla L. Plant gregarious: n blades suborbicular, 4-10 c n diameter, crenate, with apiculate teeth, deeply cordate: d rs E 2-7 dm. tall: caly x-lobes _ 1.5 lla m ? ide: vam oat twice as long as the calyx ALAXY. AND-FLO í ED.) pen FO E-WE woods, in dry acid ‘soil, "Piedmont n A ein Plateat, Ga. to Ala. and Va., extending into Coastal Plain in N. S a nd Va.—Sum.—The e are oo in pru quantities for e by flor OrpER PRIMULALHES-——PRniMULAL ORDER Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate or opposite, some- times all basal. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, variously dis- posed. Calyx of 2-several partially united sepals. Corolla of 2-several distinct or deine united petals. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals or petals, and sometimes accompanied by staminodia. Gynoecium of 4-6 united carpels, or rarely more. Fruit capsular or drupaceous, or rarely an achene or a utricle. Styles and stigmas distinct, slender: fruit an achene es an utricle: ovule solitary. am. 1. ARMERIACEAE. Styles united: fruit capsular or drupelike: ovules several. Herbs: ovules and seeds not immersed: fruit capsular. Fam.2. PRIMULACEAE. Shrubs or trees: ovules and seeds immersed : fruit drupe-like. Staminodia at the sinuses of a corolla: fruit containing few to many se am.3. THEOPHRASTACEAE. Staminodia wanting: fruit com ining a single seed. ram. 4. ARDISIACEAE. Famity 1. ARMERIACEAE — LEgApwongT FAMILY Perennial or rarely annual, often partly dd plants with leafy stems or with caudices. Teavet Bu blades entire. Flowers per- fect, in heads, spikes, panicles, or cymes. Calyx of 4 or 5 partly united n m istine an wholly or partly included in the persistent: ealyx.— Ten genera and 350 species, ace distributed. Acaulescent plants with a leafy caudex, the leaves basal: petals with the claws ae rly distinct; filaments partly adnate to the petals; anthers broad: styles dis- 1. LIMONIUM. Caulescent plants with alternate leaves: petals with the. claws uai ited into a slender tube: filaments free: anthers narrow : styles ed. 2. PLUMBAGO. PE ARMERIACEAE 1021 1. LIMONIUM [Tourn.] Hil. Perennial seaside herbs with woody roots and a short leafy caudex which supports several leaves with thick entire blades. Flower-stem erect, nearly naked, branched. Flowers violet or lavender, solitary or 2 or 3 together subtended by several sedie like bracts. Calyx funn Dd or trumpet-shaped, persistent, 5-lobed, with teeth in the sinuses. Cor 9-lobed, the tube very short. Utricle exserted from the calyx. [Statice a not L.]—About 120 species, widely distributed MS -sum. or all year S.— SEA-LAVENDERS. MARSH-ROSEMARYS. CANKER-ROOT Calyx-tube pubescent, E least at the bas Calyx 6-6.8 mm. long; lobes ‘ovate lanceolate, acuminate: a ML aman purs es 7 mm. IHE lobes deltoid-ovate, obtuse: panicle ngly branched. 2. L. obtusilobum. Calyx- d do BE rae or rarely with 1 2 hairs. Calyx- Runs broadly ovate-deltoid, Ta innermost bract- le se. 3. L.carolinianum. Calyx- lobes ovate-lanceolate to deltoid, acute: innermost bractlet acute. 4. L. angustatum. l. L. Nashii Small. Flowering stem 2-8.5 dm. tall, usually branched fro near the middle, bos branehes slightly zigzag: leaf- blades elliptic, elliptic- spatulate, or obovate, 5-18 em. long, obtuse to retuse: panie Hide ascending-spread- j m g or nearly or obsolete: a vio 4 mm. long.—Beaches and co Yi salt- ORAGE, Fla. to Tex. and 8. C.—( Mz.) 2. L. obtusilobum Blake. slower i stem about 3 dm. tall, mostly branched t the ns bra blades oblanceolate- num 3.5— ong, mueronate and acute: Pune branches ending: . outermost braetlet about 1 oes ng: ealyx pubescent on the ribs up Tw the middle: the teeth du the lobes ovate-deltoid, entire: corolla pale-violet: capsule about 3 mm. long.—Salt-marshes, N Fla L. carolinianum (Walt.) Britton. piu stem 2— - us tall: leaf-blades spatulate to elliptic or redes -elliptie, 5—17.5 cm. long, retuse or obtuse, some- times rz ud panicle-branches ascendin ng: outermost a t rhombie-ovate, mostly 1.5-2 mm. lon res calyx 4.5-5.5 mm. long, the teeth between the lobes ovate to lanceolate, coy half as long as m HUN “corolla lavender: capsule 1 Boi L. brasil mostly 5-6 lon ng. [S. brasiliensis A. Gray not rastlvense Small Salta vue; meadows, and dunes, near the Tue) "Fla. to N. C.— (Mez.) L. angustatum (A. Gray) Small. Flowering stem a 6 dm. tall: leaf- blades e narrowly spatulate to narro ied elliptic, 5-8.5 em. long, obtuse or some- times cuspidate: panicle-branches ascending: o utermost bractlet ovate: calyx 5.5-6.5 mm. long, the teeth between the lobes minute: corolla lavender: capsule about 7 mm. long. [S. 5 bar Cha Fl.) ]—Salt-marshes along the coast, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. 2. PLUMBAGO L. Perennial caulescent hammock herbs with somewhat woody, often greatly elongate stems and alternate leaves. Flowers in terminal 1022 PRIMULACEAE spike-like panicles. Calyx tubular, with stalked glands, unevenly 5-lobed, with merely hyaline sinuses. Corolla salverform: tube elongate: lobes broad: cap- sule included.—LEADWoRTS.—About 12 species, widely distributed in warm regions. . Corolla white; tube less than twice as long as the calyx: calyx merely glandular all over. 1. P. scandens. Corolla blue; tube over twice as long as the oe calyx finely pubescent and glandular one’ near the bas 2. P. capensis. 1. P. scandens L. Stem erect, decumbent, or climbing, somewhat woody: leaf- blades elliptic, elliptic- lanceolate, or ovate, 2—10 cm. long, acute or short- acuminate : r cles elongate, interrupted: bus acumi idi ealyx searcely 1 em. long in RE than one third the length of the E aa ostly 3—4 m long: HERR Dis -prismatie, about 7 mm. long, beaked.—Hammocks, S Fla. and Xitchen middens N eae the coasts.— ( W. I., Mez.,. A., S. A.)—AIl year. | P. capensis Thumb. Stem erect, often Js dite branched or bushy: leaf-blades 4 elliptic, varying to elliptie-spatulate or JN Mim elliptie-ov ovate, 3-9 em. long, obtuse or Sij4TN. acutish: panicles compact, short: bracts l mucronate: cal fully 1 em. long in s sis, less than bu the length of corolla corolla mostly 4—5 cm. long. —Roadsies and n DS S Fla. f S Afr. and cult.—(W. I., “Mer, C. A., 8. A.)— — All Famy 2. PRIMULACEAE — Primrose FAMILY various in habit. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, perfect. Calyx 4-9 partially united sepals, commoniy persistent. Corolla of 4^9 sari ils united petals, or rarely wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals and alternate with them, some- times with aoo Gynoecium a single pistil, with a central placenta: style single. Fruit a 1-celled, 2-8-valved capsule.—Twenty- si genera and 400 species, uu distributed i in the Northern Hemisphere Ovary superior. uc of the eorolla imbrieate: ovules attached at the base: leaf-blades dis- 'Tribe I. HOTTONIEAE, Lobes of the corolla valvate or convolute: ovules attached at the middle : leaf-blades endre < or toothed. II. PRIMULEAE. Ovary half-inferior III. SAMOLEAE. I. HOTTONIEAE Aquatic, rooting, and floating herb: stems and peduncles swollen and inflated: corolla salverform. 1. HOTTONIA. II. PRIMULEAE Corolla-lobes erect or merely spreading: anthers not sagittate. Capsule opening lengthwise. Filaments united below the middle: anthers ovoid. 2. LYSIMACHIA. Filaments ee or essentially so: anthers linear. 3. STEIRONEMA. Capsule circumsciss PRIMULACEAE 1023 coro longer than the calyx: style longer than the P ANAGALLIS. Corolla shorter than the calyx: style shorter than the Cor a lla. dus very short: filaments united at the base. 5. MICROPYXIS. Corolla-tube globular, about as long as the lobes aments united to above the mi iddle. fil 6. CENTUNCULUS. Corolla-lobes reflexed: anthers sagittate. T. DODECATHEON. . SAMOLEAE Staminodia present: corolla-lobes longer than the tube. 8. SAMOLUS. Staminodia wanting: corolla-lobes shorter than the tube. 9. SAMODIA. 1. HOTTONIA L. .Aquatic herbs. Leaves crowded: blades pinnately dissected: petioles inflate owers whorled. Calyx-lobes 5, narrow, per- sistent. Corolla white, se orm lobes shorter than the tube. Filaments dnas to the lower part of the corolla-tube. ap- sule a a ae .—Two species, the following and an Eurasian . H. inflata Ell. Stem 2-6 dm. long, fistulous: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic 2 outline, the Paci en i filiform. Calyx linear, 3-3 ong, or longer a do turity, glandular e below: ien ut long: capsule 3 mm. in dia d pei Mm )—Ponds, „pools, and ‘ditches, S Plain and New England Coast, La. Pai and Me.; x Great Lake. Lowland, Ohio and Ind.—Rare.— E su 2. LYSIMACHIA [Tourn.] L. Perennial or rarely annual herbs, the foliage nidi duc dois Leaves opposite or apparently whorled. orolla dieit rotate or nearly so: lobes entire, acute or obtuse. Filaments partially ted. Sta Moo wanting. Anthers ovoid.—A bout 70 species, mostly natives Me the Northern Hemisphere.—Sum.—LOOSESTRIFES. Calyx-lobes ovate: stem and branches creeping. 1. L. Nummularia. Calyx- unig la aa: elliptic-lanceolate or linear: stems Flowers in a terminal raceme, the raceme sometimes leafy- racted: corolla streaked. tidos oen extending nearly the length of the plant: flowers axillary to leaf- like bracts. Infiorescence a termina Ser gate raceme: flowers axil- ja o small bract Staminodia indt "but minute Mod m dnd than the Dadis corolla-lobes N L. quadrifolia. e L. producta. Pedicels “longer than the bracts: corolla-lobes 8-9 m g. 4. L. terrestris. Binuinodin. want ing. Corolla-lobes 5-6 mm. long: pedicels longer than the bracts. S L. Loomisii. B Ded c c x t$ e e for) . L. asperulaefolia. Flowers in a terminal panicles corolla without dots or streaks. T. L. Fraseri. Nummularia L. Stem and branches 1-7 dm. long: leaf-blades sub- orbieular, 0.8-3 em. long: calyx-lobes ovate, 8-9 mm. long, da at the base: 1024. PRIMULACEAE ee 11-14 mm. long: Mu rd E capsule about 4 mm. thick.—(M de D —Moist o and prem dene various provinces, Ga. to Mich. and Newf.— Nat. of Eu. and cult. BE 2. L. quadrifolia L. Stem 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades lanceolate to oval, 1.5-9 em. long: e lanceolate, 5-6 mm: long, acuminate: corolla- ibe dee a gpa "dliptie, E the and capsule 2.5-3 mm. thick.—( CROSS- w p i ED-LOOSESTRIFE.) — Thickets and pus various provinces, Ga., to Ala., Ont., and N. B. 3. L. producta (A. Gray) Miei Stem 3-6 dm. tall: blades laneeolate or ipe eun -lanceolate, 2~8 e ong: e shorter e the braets: calyx-lobes narrowly e elliptie-lanceolate, : mm. long, acute or acutish: corolla-lobes ovate - elliptic ovate, more or less notched at AE i capsule s subglobose, about 2 m le foliosa Small]—Damp woods and stream-banks, various a o Mich. and Me. 4. L. terrestris (L.) B. S. P. ~ tem 5-8 dm. tall: leaf- Pags d ed tie-laneeolate, or narro 2 elli iptie, 2-6 cm. long, abruptly near the o pe ae longer than the bracts: ee -lobes elliptic: “lanceolate abont mm. long: corolla-lobes Le -lanceolate: capsule about mm. thick.— us E. Lo andy soil and swamps, various provinees, "s to Ark., Man., and New L. Loomisii Torr. Stem 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear, 1—3 im long, blu nt: pedieels longer than hs acts: calyx-lobes ev 2, 5-3 mm. long: corolla-lobes elliptie to ovate- ipti eciliate; eapsule a t 2. mm. thick. [L. angustifolia Michx. not Lam.]—Low gro ounds, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Ga. to N. C. 6. L. ge iain Poir. Stem 2-6 dm. long: leaf-blades lanceolate, 2-5 ¢ long, acute or acuminate: pedicels shorter than the bracts: calyx-lobes Janceo- la 5 mm. long: pm lobes lanceolate to elliptie- Janceolate, ote: cap- sule 3.5-4.5 mm. thick.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. C. 7. L. Fraseri Duby. Stem 8-20 dm. tall, glandular near the nodes: leaf-blades ae pantie elliptic or oblanceolate, or sometimes ovate-lanceolate, 6-15 em. long: panicle broad: calyx-lobes eter en 5 mm. long: corolla- lobes elliptic to ovate, 7-8 nu long: capsule 3-4 m thick ——Woods and slopes, over non n-ealeareous rocks, Blue Ridge to A ees Plateau, Ga. (and Ala.?) to Tenn. and S. C. . STEIRONEMA Raf. Perennial herbs, the foliage not glandular-punc- tate. Leaves opposite. Corolla yellow, rotate lobes erose or erose-ciliate, a mucronate. Filaments distinct or nearly so, nid with manifest stami- nodia. Anthers linear. Six species, North American.—Sum.—LooSESTRIFES. Bracts with ovate or pA lanceolate blades Calyx-lobes less than 5 m lon Br Nd E 8-10 mm. wide. 1. S.radicans. Ca lyx- -lobes over 5 mm. tone a 15-25 mm. wide. taminodia ovate: corolla- Pa "7-8 mm. lo one 2. S.tonsum. PRIMULACEAE 1025 Staminodia subulate: corolla-lobes 10-12 m long. 3. S. ciliatum. Braets RE Hel. elliptic a ru CU janceolate 1 blades. Staminodia ovate: ca psule 2.5-3 m thick. 4. S. lanceolatum. Staminodia Taa. io^ KATA ‘capsule 3.5-4.5 mm. Cauline leaves not narrowed into petioles, the blades s ae upper ones mostly narrower than those of the c . S. heterophyllum. Cauline leaves narrowed into petioles, the blades of e upper ones not much narrower than those of the c . Ñ. AUTAA 1. S. "nid (Hook.) A. Gray. Stem 3-8 dm. long, ustimately reclining or creeping: Aun pa ovate to laneeoláte, 2-8 em. long: calyx-lobes laneeolate, 3.9—4 long: corolla-lobes obovate or id C 4.55.5 mm. long, trun- cate or emarginate at the apex: capsule NY & about 3 mm. thiek.—Swamps and wet river CNS P ba nks, Coastal Plain and occasionally a C R : i 4 \ A provinces, Miss. to Tex., Mo., and Va.— 2. S. tonsum (Wood) Bicknell. Stem 2-7 dm. tall: leaf- blades ovate to ovate-lancéo- calyx x-lobes broadly lanceolate, 5.5-6 mm. PAR eorolla-lobes suborbicular, erose-lacer- capsule about 4 mm. thick. [S. ton- pe simplex Kearney |—Dr y woods, cliffs, and bluffs, various icu rarely Coastal Plain Ga. to Ark, Tenn. and Va.—Sp 3. S. ciliatum (L.) Raf. Stem 2-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, deme ovate, or broadly lanceolate, s em. long, like the petioles ciliate: bs late, r obov provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ariz., B. C., Ont., and N. S— . S. lanceolatum (Walt.) A. Gray. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: lower cauline leaves with elliptic or lanceolate blades; upper cauline leaves m uch longer than the lower ones, the blades mainly linear, 3-10 cm. long, the petiole-like bases only r Rarer mm. lo the stem: ong: staminodia ovate: capsule 2.5-3 thick.—Thickets, borders of N and low grounds, various provinces, Ga. i? Miss., Ont., and Me. 5. S. heterophyllum (Miehx.) Raf. Stem 0.5—5 pem Lin, lower cauline leaves with oval, obovate, or spatulate blades; upper ne dde es br isl longer than the lower ones: blades narrowly elliptic - linear, 4—15 . long, not narrowed to petioles: calyx-lobes 5—6 mm. long: corolla- ie 5-8 mm. ‘Ton ng: staminodia lanceolate to subulate: capsule 3.5-4 mm. thick.—Woods, meadows, and shaded es Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ark., and Va.—Spr.—fal 6. S. hybridum (Michx.) Raf. Stem 1-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, or sometimes broader near the base of the stem, 3-7.5 em. long, each more or less abruptly Maure ex a pm ciliate petiole: ealyx-lobes 6-7 mm. long: corolla-lobes . long: nodia lanceolate to subulate: care 4—4.5 mm. thick — Thicket « per mn pow various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Ariz., Minn., and Me.—Spr.— ANAGALLIS [Tourn.] L. Annual or rarely perennial herbs cul- tivated or waste-places. Leaves mostly opposite: blades thinnish. on 65 1026 PRIMULACEAE rotate, longer than the calyx; ds dilated. Filaments pubescent: anthers ellipsoid.— About 15 species, mostly natives of the Old World 1, A. arvensis L. Stem and branches an em. long: leaf-blades ovate, or oval, mm. long, E sessile: calyx- -lobes fanceo late, about 2 . lon ng: o scarlet o rarely white (blue in is coe crea) , m. wide; lobes ae nad t 4 mm. EATHER- PERNEL.) —Waste-places, fields, im) ud di various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Newf.; also Pacif. States. Nat. of Eurasia —Spr.-s 5. MICROPYXIS RA Annual small herbs. Leaves alternate or some lower ones opposite: blades thiekish. Corolla ineonspicuous, rotate, e than the calyx: tube very short: lobes narrowed upward. Filaments united only at the base. Anthers didymous.—One & species. D 1. M. pumila (Sw.) Duby. Stem 5-20 cm tall: leaf-blades vi e “suborbienlar, 3-10 mm. long, apiculat slender-pedi- celled: calyx-lobes elipti- “ovate, abruptly pentandrus R Br. ]— (FALSE-PIMPERNEL.)— Low grounds, pen. Fla.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., A., O. W.)—Spr.—fall. 6. CENTUNCULUS L. Annual small herbs of low grounds. Leaves alter- nate, or some of the lower ones opposite: blades thickish. Corolla incon- DN not exceeding the calyx, with a i globular tube and 5 narrow OE lobes Filaments united above the middle. Anther didymous.— Two species, ice rw) 1. C. minimus L. Stem 2-15 em. tall: leaf- ey ae elliptic, or obovate, 3- : . long, acute or obtuse: flowers sessile o n so: ealyx-lobes narrowly lanc EE and moist soil, various provinces Fla. Tex. B. C., Minn., and IlL—J7. I., Mor. C. A. S. A., O. W.)—Spr.—fall. 7. DODECATHEON L. Perennial scapose herbs with erect flower-stalks. Leaves on a short caudex: blades entire to coarsely toothed. Flowers showy, PRIMULACEAE 1027 in a terminal umbel, nodding. Calyx-lobes reflexed in anthesis. Corolla with a very short tube and reflexed elongate lobes. Stamens erect.—About 30 spe- cies, re American and Asiatic. MET M SHOOTING-STARS. AMERICAN- COWSL ROME peed (mostly over 7 mm. long) ; connective-body broader than the anther- capsule elongate, much ent the ealyx Bonn ctiee Dod lanceolate: corolla typically Diak eure 1. D. Meadia. Connective-body ovate: corolla piran white. . D. Hugeri. Anthers stout (mostly less than 7 n long) ; connective-body narrower than the anther-sacs: Men short, about equaling 3. D. brachycarpa. 1. D. Meadia L. Leaf-blades spatulate to elliptic, 5-20 em. long, entire to coarsely p uo overtopping the leaves: calyx- ee linear to linear- lane eolate, uch longer than the tube: corel pi ak-pur po. lobes 1-1.5 em. long: oe ole uffs banks, often in rich or calcareous ae vari- ous provinees, rarely ues Plai , Ga. to ex, Wis., and Pa.—wspr. cultivated in Boss 2. D. ri Small. Leaf-blades spatulate, clliptie, o us ‘elliptic. -lanceolate, aoe em. long, often undulate or repand-er : scapes mostly 2—4 dm. tall: calyx- Job ee : ; rs slender subul 7.5—8 ong; connective- body abruptly narrowed at the apex: deeem Pl sold. conte it 5 em. long.—Woods, bluffs, and cliffs, various prov- inces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Ohio, and Md. — Spr. 3. D. pup de Small. Leaf-blades e or elliptie, entire or undulate: scapes dm. tall: calyx-lobes o E ate od triangular-lanceolate: corolla pink- purple lobes linear or nearly so, 1-1.5 em. long: anthers stout-subulate, 5-6.5 mm. long; connective-body jene Ecc ovary-apex flattened: capsule ovoid, ~ than 1 em. long.—Plains and prairies, various provinces, Ala. to 8. SAMOLUS [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire. Flowers in simple or branched, sessile or nearly sessile racemes. edi perigynous: lobes 5. Corolla perigy- : lobes 5, with staminodia at the sinuses. Sane 5: filaments very short, adnate to the base of the very short corolla-tube. Ovary and capsule % inferior—About 4 species, widely distributed. 1. S. floribundus H.B.K. Plant glabrous, 1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate to oval r ovate, mainl m. long: sepals ovate or triangular-ovate, ba : g, acute: corolla white, 3 mm. osa in elliptic: capsule 2.5-3 mm. in diameter.— (WATER-PIMPERNEL. BROOK poe M — We 1028 ARDISIACEAE soil, swamps, and streams, various provinces, ne to Tex., Calif., B. C., Ont., and Newf.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Spr.- 9. SAMODIA Baudo. Caulescent herbs, of low grounds. Leaves alternate: blades entire. Flowers in simple or branched long-peduncled racemes. Calyx perigynous: lobes 5. Corolla white or pin perigynous, without stamin mE lobes Stamens 5: filaments adna Tur es (s middle of the dS E corolla-tube. vary and c apsules 1⁄2 inferior.—About species, widely distributed. 1. S. ebracteata (H.B.K.) Baudo. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate or ob- ovate, 3-10 em. long, obtuse or apiculate: ‘corolla 6-7 mm. wide; lobes more or less B. at the apex [Sam molus ebracieatus B.K.]—Low pinelands, swamps, prairies and edges o of E marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Texas.—(W. I., Mex D. Famity 3. THEOPHRASTACEAE — J OE-WOOD FAMILY Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, n blades leathery, entire. Flowers perfect, in racemes, corymbs, or panicles. Calyx of 5 imbrie (e an ar oc S ct (b staminodia. Gynoecium of 5 united carpels. it a drupe-like berry. —Five genera and about 50 species, of tropical distribution. 1. JACQUINIA L. Leaves usualy numerous: blades entire, thick and very brittle. Flowers erect. Calyx persistent. Corolla deciduous. Anthers nodi Ber extrorse. Stam ia very broad. erry erect.—A bout 25 species, tropical Ameri- can. 1, J. keyensis Mez. ws or tree hn. e 5 m. tall, the bark pale, the twigs very brit- tle: Vo blades cuneate- ike or elliptic- obovat long, shining: calyx-lobes —à mm n ur Gaede ovate: corolla straw- colored; lobes longer than the tube: stami- nodia elliptic, erose: oe subglobose, 8-10 mm diameter OE-WOOD. UDJOE- oh (Í - mo m along the coast, S pen NA) Fla., Everglade Keys, d Mas US [7] Keys—(W. I.)—Al —T he brown, hard, and very close- and. "The ne ers are very fragrant, Famity 4. ARDISIACHAE — MynsiNE FAMILY hrubs or trees. Leaves mostly alternate, ours persistent: sd leathery, entire. Flower erfect or polygamo- dioecious, in racem corymbs, or cymes, sometimes clustered on sealy spurs. Calyx of ae ARDISIACEAE 1029 4—6 sepals. Corolla of usually 4-6 partly united petals, short-salverform or rotate, often streaked or dotted. Androecium of mostly 4-6 stamens, partly e to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium of mostly 4-6 united car- ls. Fruit a drupe-like berry.—Twenty genera and 450 species, mostly of mold tnm Flowers on scattered spurs: corolla-lobes not reflexed: stigma lobed. 1. RAPANEA. Flowers in terminal panicles: corolla-lobes reflexed : stigma entire. 2. ICACOREA. I. RAPANEA Aubl Shrubs or small trees. Flowers inconspicuous, clustered on d ie stout-pedicelled. Corolla white or nearly so: lobes ascending or spreading. Stamens with ascending or Mo anthers. Style very short: stigma lobed.—More than 80 species, mostly tropieal. 1l. R.g guayanensis Aubl. Shrub or pud tree, with grayish bark: leaves mostly n the E of the branchlets: blades iM elliptie or nearly elliptie, 4—10 em. long: flower-clusters scattered along the branch- lets: sepals broadly ovate: corolla-lobes n : about 4 mm. in nds Everglade Keys, Und Florida Keys.—(W. I., C. 4., S. A.)—AIl year. Ardisia polycephala Wall, native of the East d is an evergreen shrub p to six or eight feet tall, with oblanceolate spatulate or somewhat elliptic coria- ceous leaf-blades: "inr, in axillary eluster-like cymes: corolla eig or Dd with ovate or elliptie- e Ae lobes: stamens erect, yellowish rry de pressed- O out le enun purple- -black or almost black, shining — Hammocks and old Bono de pen Ardisia differs from Rapanea in the R oe lobes and the slender- A anthers. 2. ICACOREA Aubl. Shrubs or trees. Flowers conspicuous, in panicles, cymes, or clusters, an US Corolla white or pink, and often purple- streaked: lobes recurved. Stamens with converging anthers. ay elongate: stigma minute, entire.—More than 200 ee of tropical and subtropical regions. I. paniculata (Nutt.) Sudw. Shrub or small tree, with white or whitish bark: leaves scat- tered; blades ee to wd 4-18 em. long: panicles terminal: x-lobes ovate to obovate: to qe elliptic: berry 7-8 mm. in diameter. ‘[Ard a Pickeringia T. & G.]—(MARLBERRY. CHER EOM ee hammocks, pen. Fla., pi pur and ham- an, Everglade Keys, Fla. = Florida Keys.—(IF. I., Mez.)—A1 yea 1030 EBENACEAE ORDER EBENALES—EBENAL ORDER Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled: blades simple. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious. Caly 3-12 partly united sepals. Corolla of 3-12 partly united petals. pac of as many stamens as there are corolla-lobes or twice as many or more, sometimes accompanied by staminodia. Gynoecium of 3-—several united carpels. Fruit capsular or baccate. Styles or Sree distinct: flowers mostly monoecious or dioeciou Fam.1. EBENACEAE. Styles and ‘stigmas united: flowers mostly perfect. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, at least in our representatives, Fam. 2. SAPOTACEAE. Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes or more. Stamens in pees series. Fam. 3. SYMPLOCACEAE. tamens in 1 se Fam. 4. STYRACACEAE. FAMi,y 1. HBENACEAE — Esony FAMILY Shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly alternate: blades entire. Flowers solitary or in cymes. Calyx of 3-7 partly united s persistent, accres- late. A cent. Corolla of 3-7 DS amled pud S, pl eolate. ndroecium of 3 or 4 times as many stamens as there ar Roco lobes Gynoecium of 3-several united carpels. Fruit a berry or once eapsular.—51x genera and about 275 species, mostly of tropieal regions. 1. DIOSPYROS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves scattered: blades entire. Calyx 3-7 lobed. Corolla urceolate, white. Stamens with pubescent filaments: anthers opening lengthwise. Berry spheroidal or elongate. Seeds oblique. —About 160 species, mostly mn —PERSIMMONS. DaATE-PLUMS. SIMMONS. POoSSUMWOODS.—Spr. Larger anthers slender-subulate, 6-7 mm. long: seeds much longer than wide. 1. D. virginiana. Larger anthers stout- subulate, 4-5 mm. long: seeds slightly longer than wide. 2. D. Mosieri. 1. D. virginiana L. Tree becoming 35 m. tall, with dark furrowed bark, or sometimes a shrub: leaf pud ovate, der or elli iptic, 8-20 em. long, aeute or me ubes ent, /3 de ire varying to depress n diameter, thin-skinned: E Woods. fields, road-s ides ae and hammocks, vari iei ee Fla Tex., Ia. and Con brown or nearly black heart- d is used for various tools and utensils. The fruit is edible when ripe. 2. D. Mosieri Sape Tree nearly similar to that g) a baste , but lapin smaller rub: nate TA r with ovate or jettoiae orate dem ioe aa a corolla 6-8 mm. long: deus depressed- < = - s ~ I a I Án SAPOTACEAE 1031 globose, 2.5-3.5 em.-in diameter, thick-skinned: seed turgid, oval and some- what rhombic.—Hammoeks and pinelands, pen. Fla. Famity 2. SAPOTACEAE — Sarona FAMILY bs or trees, with milky sap, sometimes thorny. Leaves mostly alternate: blades entire. Flowers perfect or rarely polygamous, clustered. e : u accompan a by staminodia. Gynoeci ium of bic united earpels. Fruit Corolla-lobes without soa appendages. t d wa ma Tribe . I, eats ud taminodia pres Tribe II. SrpEROXY E. Corolla-lobes with dorsal appendages. Tribe III. MINORE AD I. CHRYSOPHYLLEAE Shrubs or trees with leaves green above and copiously pubes- cent with golden, copper-colored or Silvery hairs beneath. 1. CHRYSOPHYLLUM. SIDEROXYLEAE Ovary 10-12- Sara staminodia "ouf, petal-like 2. SAPOTA. Ovary 2-5-cell orolla- “lobes ‘entire: staminodia scale-like or filament-like, Seeds with endosperm: staminodia scale-like. 3. SIDEROXYLON. See a without endosperm : staminodia filament- E 4. LUCUMA ROOM ne with a large median lobe and 2 smaller lat- es: staminodia petal-like. DUIS a. endosperm copious 5. DIPHOLIS. Ovary pubescent: endosperm wanting or scant. 6. BUMELIA. IT. MIMUSOP Shrubs or trees with broad many-veined jur ee the young fruits conspicuously tipped with the style. 7. MIMUSOPS. 1. CHRYSOPHYLLUM L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades commonly lus- trous-pubescent beneath. Calyx-lobes d 9. Corolla, like the calyx, often Ah escent: lobes mostly 5, entire. Anther arginate and PA Style nting: md lobed.—More than 60 ce “mostly (à tropical American 1. C. olivaeforme 7 Evergreen shrub, tree becoming 10 m. tall, the twigs e Nd cent: leaf-blades coriaceous, poe or oval, 3—10 em. long, shining above, ee cent e calyx-lobes ao lar, 1.5 mm. long: corolla a about 5 mm. wide; lobes Sub cba: ber Iry O ed about 2 cm. pinelands and hammocks, Ever ergla ade Keys, "Fla. and Florida Keys. —(W. I.)— All year.—The n i hard, and close- -grained heart-wood is used locally in eabinet-work. 2. SAPOTA Mill. Trees. Leaf-blades glabrous. Calyx-lobes 6, or rarely 5, pubescent. Corolla glabrous: lobes 6, or rarely 5, toothed. Anthers blunt. 1032 SAPOTACEAE Staminodia nearly as long as the corolla- lobes. Style elongate: stigma minute. Berr spheroidal, rough.—One species. 1. S. Achras Mill, Tree with rusty-tomentose an at ] ;'hite, long; lobes iu "d as long as the tube: ber s 4—8 em. in diameter.—(SAPODILLA. |: Ditty.)—Hammocks, old fields, and cult. a a. Ev orgie Keys, Fla. and Florida . Keys.—Nat. of W. L, and cult.—(Mez., C. A., S. 4.)—A1l year. 3. SIDEROXYLON [Dill ] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades not lustrous- pubescent. Calyx-lobes 5 or 6. Corolla glabrous: lobes 5 or 6, entire. Anther notched. Staminodia much shorter than the corolla-lobes. Style columnar: stigma trun- cate.—About 75 species, of warm and tropi- cal regions. S S. S Jacq. Evergreen tree à he —Spr.— ] year.—The orange-colored, heavy, and strong heart- wood is "used locally For e -work E boat-building. UMA Juss. Trees. Leaf-blades more or less elongate, usually broad- ened phus Calyx-lobes 5, in 1 or 2 series. Corolla white or pale: lobes 5, entire or nearly so. Staminodia slender, shorter than the corolla-lobes. ary 5- celled, or sometimes 4—6-celled: style eolum- ar: stigma slightly dilated. Berry globu- lar, or slightly elongate, smooth.— ifty species or more, mostly of tropical Ameriea. 1. L. nervosa A. DC. Leaf- cae tado 10-20 em. ms acute or acutish: the inner ones rounded at apex: eys. oe of S. A. and eult.— .)—The name egg-fruit e to the resemblance of the flesh s the fruit to the yolk of a hard-boiled egg. SAPOTACEAE 1033 5. DIPHOLIS A. DC. Shrubs or small trees. Leaf-blades mostly glabrous. Calyx-lobes 5, pubescent. Corolla-lobes 5, each 3-lobed, shorter than the tube. Staminodia petaloid. Endosperm copious.— : bout 10 species, West Indian. aa pci. (L.) A. DC. PE Sa di" rub, or e bee arenes 16 m. ta S. leaf- blades elliptic or elliptie neeolate, 5—12 em. long: om orate to lipte 1.5 . lon ng: orolla , 4 mm. wide; lobe elliptic o val: wa da ov nu D. ov toe lance "e laeiniate-toothe d: berry oval o Eo yEverglade Keys, Fla., € "ida Ke Mez.)—A] year.—Flow 4 very pend — The red or dark- DRE "e AX heavy ues is used in cabinet-wor rk, BUMELIA Sw. Shrubs or trees, usually with thorny branches. Leaf- bades p dedans beneath. Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla white: lobes 5, each middle lobe suborbicular, longer than the tube. Staminodia peta- à id. Bniosperm eine or very scant.—About 35 species, American.— BUCKTHO Leaf-blades glabrous, or oe with scattered hairs or slight cone beneath. Fruit ellipsoid- oa B. angustifolia. Fruit sub ae ea oe al. Leaf-biades obovate or spatulate type, mainly bro adés NA the middle. Twigs copiously pubescent with ag red hairs. 2. B. rufotomentosa. Twigs glabrous or soon becomin : Fruit less than 8 mm. long. Corolla- e about 1.5 mm. long: leaf-blades blunt: fruit 5 mm. long. 3. B. microcarpa. Col lobes about 2 mm. SUE leaf-blades pem fruit 6-7 mm. long 4. B. reclinata. Fru it o m. lon b. B. megacocca. eaf-blades of. pe elliptic ne broadest at the middle. 6. B. lycioides. Leaf-blades manifestly or copiously Dune cee beneath. Pubescence cei d not at all lustrou 7. B. lanuginosa. Pubescence lustrous, D becoming tous or coppery. Pedicel longer than the berry, slender: calyx-lobes of a suborbicular type. . B. tenaz. PEN d maa the berry, stout: calyx-lobes of an . B. lacuum. 1. B. angus s lia Nutt. Evergreen shrub, or tree becoming 8 m. ta twigs glabrous: leaves relatively few ae crowded; blades oblanceolate to oblanceolate- be ate, 2-4 c ml labrous: calyx rds p^ mm. long: COE about wide; “ia teral divisions of the ee nam i lanceolate, regularly to doi staminodia 2.5 mm. s lacerate: berry 17—2 m. long.— o S-WOO DOWNWARD- e Florida Keys.—(W. —A TRE wn, pm heart-wood is used for cabinet-work. The flowers = fragrant. rufotomentosa Small. Evergreen shrub, the twigs red-tomentose: leaf-blades 1034 SAPOTACEAE obovate or oval, 1.5-2 em. long, reticulate and sparingly alge beneath with red hairs: ealyx-lobes suborbicular, nearly 1.5 mm. long: olla about 3 mm. wide: lateral divisions E the lo bes ovate or agate du icu staminodia slightly over 1 mm. long: berry about 5 mm. in diame ter.—Pin s, pen. Fla.—Spr.-sum. — 3. B. microcarpa Small. Evergreen shrub, the twigs nie s - leaf- o spatulate, oblanceolate, or rarely oblong-obovate, 1-3.5 . long, cobwebby ee beneath: calyx-lobes suborbicular, about 1.5 long: corolla abou wide; lateral divisions of the lobes ae lanceolate almost 1 m ea pm odia 1.5 mm LR cares berry subglobose, 5 m in ene x woods, pen. Fla. — Spr.- 4. B. reclinata Vent. Evergreen ind. diffuse, or bodie shrub, the nes glabrous leaf-blades thinnish, oblanceolate, varying to spatulate, obov rate, em. E ng, som A “reticulate à nd glabrous benea th: ca -lobes b adi y ovate orbieular-ov 1.8 mm. long: corolla about 4 m 2 divisions of s lobes Dou jx fully 1.5 em. long: nod ong, erose: berry oval, 6-7 mm. long.—Pinelands, Dm. 2r ME DAE Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga. nod —sum. or all year 5. B. megacocca Small Ever A shrub, Es wigs glabrous: leaf-blades thick, oe to elliptic-oblanceolate, 1-3.5 E reticulate and Sead ben eath: flowers not seen: ue globose to pode oval, 11-13 mm. lon deme "ode. pen. Fla.—Spr.- 6. B. lycioides (L.) Gaertn. Deciduous-leaved or partly evergreen shrub or small tree, the twigs glabrous: ien blade es pen or rarely oblanceolate, es em. l ] i ong, dull and prominently reticulate on both sides: calyx-lobes oval o orbicular-ovate, 2 mm. long: ER about 5 mm. wide; lateral divisions of the lobes lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 1.5 . long, entire: staminodia ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long, entire: berry oval, fully "io mm. long.— (BUCKTHORN. Spr.—The yellow or light-brown heart-wood is close- -grained, heavy, and hard. 7. B. ae dn (Michx.) Pers. Evergreen (or deciduous-leaved northward) shrub, o e becoming 20 m. tall, the twigs dull-tomentose: leaf-blades elliptic- Due elliptic- dian. Or ellipti ic, 29-8 em. long, dull-tomentose beneath: ealyx-lobes, suborbieular orbieular-ovate, about 3 mm. long: corolla about 5 mm. wide;, 5E P divisions E the lobes lanceolate, fully 1.5 mm. long: undu- late: st MET ,2m Vua d 2 acutish: berry oval i SC ellipsoid, “on eae ELAS BLACK-HAW. SHITT D.)— Rocky, ea at pcs “woods, pn "Plain m Aso enue pone prov- inces, Fla., to Tex., Kans., Ill., and Ga.—Sum yellow or light-bro heart-wood is close- ‘grained, but dec soft. 8. B. tenax (L.) Willd. ie ien (or deeiduous-leaved northward) shrub, or a ee 9 m. tall, the twigs lustrous-silky, the hairs white, becoming tawny or copper-colored: Iuba oblaneeolate, obovate-spatulate, or obovate, -7 em. long, lustrous-silky beneath: calyx-lobes suborbicular to orbicular- ovate, about 2 mm. lo t urity: epu m. wide; lateral divi sions of the lobes ovate or ovate, fully 1. ong, undul ate: stamino A ee 2 mm. long, obtuse: berry o E or M uper iru. 11-14 mm. long m UGH-BUCKTHORN. IRONWOOD. BLACK-HAW.)— y. woods and d and ham Coastal Plain, “Fla. to N. C.—Spr.—The T -brown and white- pan dicar wood is hard and elose-grained. lacuum Small. Evergreen shrub, 0.5-3 m. tall, the twigs copper-colored or dark-tawny: leaf-blades cuneate to spatulate, 1-2.5 em. long, or larger on ^ VERE ER SYMPLOCACEAE 1035 shoots, ded D n d often becoming brown: ealyx- a d -ovate to o 2 ng at maturity: ie about 4 mm. wide; lateral divisions of each lobe lanceolate, en rane long, ore at the apex: staminodia ovate, about ong, obtu wo oval, 8-10 mm. long.— (SANDHILL-BUCKTHORN. - Sandhills CE in Bid C. pen. Fla.—Spr 7. MIMUSOPS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades leathery, finely many- veined. Calyx-lobes 6 or 8, the outer ones valvate. Corolla with dorsal ap- pendages; lobes 6 or 8, each with e ery small lateral lobes. Staminodia petaloid.— About 40 species, mostly of tropical MN M. emarginata (L.) Britton. Evergreen shrub or small tree: leaves clustered at the eu of the branchlets; blades elliptic, 3—10 rx, like the pedicels, red- ong: calyx, e dicels, red tomentose; lobes lanceglate to ovate- PU late: corolla light-yellow, 1.5-2 em. wide: staminodia triangular: berry o nearly 3 em. E [M. Sieberi A. To n ( WILD-DILLY. omo ) — mocks, Florida Keys.—(W pou s The dark-brown heart-wood is close-grained. FawiLy 3." SYMPLOCACEAE-—SwzxkrLEAF FAMILY Shrubs or trees, the hairs, when present, simple. Leaves alternate: blades usually le athery, entire or toothed. Flowers polygamo-dioecious et, in close or open clusters. Calyx of 5 partly united sepals. in Bebe: series, partly adnate to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium of 2- els, the ovary superior. Fruit baeeate or dru upaceous.—Consists of B fone. Sone and 200 ae most abundant in South America. 1. SYMPLOCOS Jacq. Leaves often persistent: blades thick. Inflores- _ cence congested or open. Calyx often persistent. Corolla deciduous, yellow or disi Stamens conspicuous. Style columnar. Fruits, often crowned with e calyx, drupe-like or nut-like. x tinctoria (L.) L’Her. Evergreen or partly evergreen shrub or small tree: leaf- a elliptic or elliptic- dE ier 4—15 em. long, undulate or shal- pes too , tomentose beneath: flow densely d ed: a 2—-2.5 mm lobes shorter than S, is D.)— ocks bluffs, cliffs, and rock outerops Coastal Plain to Blue pci dpa La., Ark., and Del.— Spr.—The study may show the coastal and mountain plants to represent two species instead of one. 1036 STYRACACEAE Famity 4. STYRACACEAE — STYRAX FAMILY Shrubs or trees, the hairs when present branched or scurfy. Leaves alternate: blades entire or shallowly toothed. Flowers perfect, in racemes, panicles, cymes, or clusters. Calyx of 5, or 4-8, partly united sepals. Cor me of 5, or 4-8, distinet or partly united petals. Androecium of 8-16 stamens in one series, partly adnate to the corolla. Gynoecium of 2-5 ERU the o sometimes inferior. Fruit drupaceous or eapsular.— Seven genera er about - apea mostly of tropical regions, but most abundant in South Amer Ovary inferior: fruits nut-like, elongate, DE 1. HALESIA. Ovary superior: fruits drupaceous, subglobos 2. STYRAX. 1. HALESIA Ellis. Shrubs or trees. Leaves with thinnish blades, de- ciduous. Inflorescence - leafy-braeted. Calyx with relatively large leben: Corolla white, with nearly erect lobes. Anthers elliptic. Ovules 4 in each cav- ity, 1 pair ascending, 1 pair drooping. [Mohrodendron Britton.]—Three species, as follows.—Spr.—SILVERBELL-TREES. BELL-TREES Corolla-lobes shorter than the tube: fruit 4-winged. ruit ellipsoid or somewhat obovoid: corolla 1-2.5 cm. long. 1. H. carolina. Fruit clavate: corolla less than 1 cm. long. 2. H. parviflora, Corolla-lobes longer than the tube: fruit 2-winged. 3. H. diptera. 1. H. carolina L. Small tree with a reddish-brown, ridged and ee Laie or shrub, the winter-buds acute: leaf-blades oval, elliptic, or obovate, 6 yx — bist ; corolla 15-2 0 mm. long: doc gia H. monticola (Rehder) Sarg.—The light- brown heart-wood is MN grained, but light and soft. H. parviflora Michx. Small tree with dark-brown or nearly black bark, or a e the winter-buds obtuse: leaf- roue i elliptic- ids. Or slightly obovate, 3-7 em. long, finely serrate: calyx 2 e m. long, pubescent: corolla 10-12 mm. long: fruit clavate, mostly 1. 5-3 em. lo Ren Roue inged. '[M. Mi Britton |—Woods and fae Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, o Miss., Okla., and S Ga.—Early H. diptera Ellis. Small tree with brown, fissured and scaly bark, the winter -buds obtuse, or a shrub: leaf-blades oval, elliptic, or oe or some- t hed: calyx 3—4 on times ovate, 4-15 em. long, rather coarsely to m. long, pubes- cent: corolla about 2.5 : iously pubescent caer E ments and tyle pu ent: fruit narrowly ellipsoid, 4—5 c g, i ged, d beaked. " : —Hamm and M ara Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. "m Tex., Ark., dad . C.—Spr.— The wood is similar to that of H. carolin a OLEACEAE 1037 2. STYRAX [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves with thickish blades, but deciduous. Inflorescence leafy-bracted. Calyx with minute lobes. Corolla white, with recurved petals or lobes. Anthers linear. Ovules several, ascending. —About 75 species, American and Eurasian.—Spr.—SToRAXES, Corolla-lobes valvate in the bud. 1. S. americana. oe d imbricate a: convolute in the bud. Bra of the orescence mostly leaf-like: leaf-blades na o ani beneath. 2. S. pulverulenta. Bracts of the inflorescence only leaf-like at the base of the panicle or raceme: leaf-blades densely pubescent beneath. 3. S. grandifolia. T; americana d Shrub with sparingly stellate twigs: leaf-blades oval Or a iptie, varying to ovate or ped Fa m. long, entire or distinctly and shallowly toothed: n els glabrou nearly so: ealyx much shorter than the e cel: eorolla-lobes elliptic anceolate- elliptie, acute: drupe 6-8 m diamet S nd stream-banks, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Ill, an Va.—The flowers are fragrant. ulverulenta Michx. Shrub with densely stellate Hib leaf-blades ovate, val, or obovate, 2-8 cm. long, sharply ser- rate or pod pedicels eanescent or hoary: calyx about as long as the pedicel corolla-lobes elliptic or elliptic. -lanceolate, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and S Va 3. S. grandifolia Ait. Shrub or small tree, Vis dcus stellate twigs: leaf- blades ovate, oval, or sometimes elliptie, 9—20 long, e d toothed or nearly entire: ir E canescent: corolla- lobes ellipt ie: drupes 8-10 mm. in diameter.—W oods, sandy river-banks, and hammocks, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and S Va. ORDER OLEALES—OrEAL ORDER Shrubs, trees, undershrubs, or partially herbaceous plants. Leaves opposite, or rarely alternate or whorled: blades simple or compound. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious. Calyx of 4 or more partially united sepals, or wanting. Corolla of 2-6 distinct or partially united petals, or wanting. Androecium of 2-4 stamens partially adnate to the corolla when it is present. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, the ovary superior. Fruit a capsule, a samara, or a berry, usually 1-celled by suppression. Famity 1. OLEACEAE — Orivk FAMILY Woody or partially woody plants with erect or elimbing n. Leaves DEA opposite : Bs. simple and entire or toothed, pinnately compound.—About 22 -i and 525 species, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions 1038 OLEACEAE Shrubs or trees: fruits not didym Fruit dry, an indehiscent or dehiscent capsule. Fruit a loculicidal cap p D leaf-blades simple. Tribe I. SYRINGEAE. 4 Fruit indehiscent, a sa dot leaf-blades pinnate. Tribe II. FRAXINEAE. | Fruit fleshy, a drupe or d DE Tribe III. OL OLEAE. Woody vines, with compound leaf-blades : fruits didymous. Tribe IV. JASMINEAE. I. SYRINGEAE Shrubs: flowers conspicuous, numerous in ovoid or pyramidal thyrsoid panicles. 1. SYRINGA. FRAXINEAE II. Shrubs or trees: flowers mostly De apetalous, in dense racemes or panicles from the axils of last year's leaves. 2. FRAXINUS. III. OLE Flowers apetalous or sometimes with 1 or 2 ndi petals, mainly polygamo- ui styles lender. 3. FORESTIERA. Flowers with a corolla, perfect or polygamous: styles short or stout. Corolla rota ith elongate strap-like nearly distinct te, petals : leaves deciduous . 4. CHIONANTHUS. i funnelfo rm or Salverfonim. with short lobes: leaves Corolla funnelform, w white; lobes induplieate-valvate. 5. LIGUSTRUM. Corolla salverform, greenish ; lobes imbricate. 6. AMAROLEA. IV. JA Leaf-blades pon sometimes 1-foliolate: calyx-lobes and ore. 7. JASMINUM. corolla-lobes 5 or 1. SYRINGA L. Shrubs. Leaves opposite: blades broad, entire. Flow- ers in terminal panicles. Calyx-lobes Eie shorter than the tube. Corolla white or purple: tube longer than the lobe Stigma 2-lobed. P died d than ide —Twelve species, Eurasi 1. S. ris L. ems commonly 2-3 m. tall, "ml pm leaf- Ee ovate, 4— 10 long, acuminate: panı 1-3 dm. robes cal 2.5 mm. long; ss ovate or triangular: corolla mm. ; v is to obovate: eapsule ellipsoid, 14—16 -LILAC. Waste- -places, thickets, and gardens, various provinces, E U. S. Nat. of Eu. and cult. —Spr. FRAXINUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades un- "Ed pinnate. Flowers polygamous, dioecious, or rarely perfect, in clusters or panieles. pem Pa 4-lobed or obsolete. Corolla greenish, of 2—4 petals, or wanting. Stamens 2 or ann 3 or 4. Stigma 2-lobed. Samara winged at the e or all Mundi qd 90 species, mostly of the north tem- perate zone.—Spr.—ASHE Body of the samara flat, the es m to its base or around it. aw. RD twigs 4-sided : rounded or obtuse 1. F. quadrangulata. Leaflets En oo terete: Samara narrowed or acute Vids Sa en spatulate or elliptic- ee 2. Samara elliptic to ovate or obov 3. . Body of the samara terete or cis Un essed: the wing terminal or slightly decurren F. pauciftora. F. caroliniana. OLEACEAE 1039 Wing of the als decurrent on the sides of the body. sam ara-wing linear, sometimes one: linear. 4. F. Darlingtonii. mni ins spatulate to elliptic Sam SR terete of the sam ara narro Samar ra broadly ental blades of the leaflets thick, entire. 5. F. Michauaii. Samara narrowly linear: blades of the E thin, serrate. 6. F. Bu Um o of the samara stout, ellipsoid. T. F. Small Samara- body compressed. 8. F. profun Wing of the samara terminal or nearly so. i Twigs and leaves glabrous or Heed So. 9. F. americana. Twigs and leaves densely pubescent. 10. F. biltmoreana., F. quadrangulata Michx. Tree, rarely becoming 36 m. tall the twigs p leaflets 7—11; blades of the lateral ones lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate, long, serrate, short-petioluled: m h samaras TT em. long, the wing linear-ellip- A tie or di deris eee | W woods, often in calcareous soil, various prov- inees, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. to Miss., Ark., Minn., Ont., and Ohio.—The light-yel- low and brown-streaked heart-wood is used in construction The and lilii building. inner bark yields . a blue dye 2. F. pauciflora Nutt. Tree becomin ng s m. tall or shrub, the nr glabrous: leaflet 5— 7; blades of the lateral aes “aneoolate em tudinally veined.— s ASH.)— —Sw mps, , Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., and Ga.—The wood is foe “similar to that of the next following species. 3. F. caroliniana Mill. Tree sometimes 12 m. tall or shrub, the twigs ofte pubescent: leaflets 5-9, usually 5-7; blades of the lateral ones dui ac a sha tire: samaras and adj. provinces, Fla. Mo., and Va.—The white or yellow- tinged heart- wood is close- rained p soft a weak. ubes : ; narrowly elongate-linear wing which is decurrent on the upper part of the slender fruit-body.—Swamps, woods, and stream- -banks, various provinces, Ala. to La., Kans., Ill, Pa., N. Y., Mass., and N. C. ichauxii Britton. Tree u "p to 12 m. tall, the twigs velvety or glabrous: leaflets 5—7; blades thick, ovate, oval, ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate, 15 re, -green d em. ove cent beneath: samaras 3.5-5 em. ong, each with a spatulate, usually broadly spatulate wing which is decurrent on the o fruit-body.—Swamps, mea- dows, and stream- Da various provinces, La. to Md., N. Y., and N. J. F. pennsylvanica Mar Tree s tall, the twigs velvety pubescent (or glabrous in P. pennsyly eerie poA leaflets o-7; blades of the lateral ones lanceolate or sone dee elliptic, 5-20 em. long, entire, or ser- 1040 OLEACEAE iate acies near the apex: samaras 3.5-6 em. long, the wing Bd de- eurrent to the middle of the linear body or near it.—(RED-ASH. GREEN-ASH.)— Lo ods and stream-banks, various provinces, N. C. to Ala., Kans.. ak., and ; reported also from Miss.—The light- brown, coarse- grained "heart- ood hard and heavy, is used in a variety of ways. F. Smallii Britton. Tree becoming 16 m. tall, the twigs glabrous: leaflets 5-7; blades thinnish, elliptic- -lanceolate, ovate “Janceo late, ovate, or elliptic-ovate, 5 ntir ale and 1 em. long or less, acuminate, entire or nearly so, br right- pur n above more or less pubescent beneath, M oed d: samaras 38-5 em. long, each with an elliptic or linear-elliptic, u sually acute wing which is decurrent on the he upper half of the stout seed-bo ae — River. banks, bottoms, and swamps, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, N Fla., to La., Mo. and N. C. 8. F. profunda Bush. Tree sometimes 35 m. tall, the twigs pubeseent: e lets 7-9; blades of the lateral ones lanceolate- ovate or elliptic, 6—12 cm. long, entire or undulate: samaras 4-5 em. long, the wing linear- -elliptic or elliptic spatulate—(PUMPRIN-asH,)—Swamps and RE. various provinces N of W N. Y.— o Ala., Mo. ted to T. o funda, but with thinner and aa broader leaflets and smaller fruits (3—3.5 em.) has been e as F. catawbiensis Ashe. It occurs in the Piedmont of Ga. and the Caro 9. F. americana L’ Tree becoming 40 m. tall, the twigs a leaflets 5-9; blades of the li ones lanceolate or ellipti e, 5-15 em. long, relatively thin, entire or shallowly toothed: samaras 2.5-3.5 em. Da (les than 2 em. long and seedless in F. americana Curtissi), the wing linear-spatulate or el- liptie-spatulate, terminal or pus so on the E ear body.—( WHITE ASH.)—Rich or moist woods, vario Mesi Tex., Minn., a The brown heart-wood, Apnd d, tough and ‘strong, is used in a great variety of ways. Our most valuable ash. £o = ' H Pi 2 an | 10. F. biltmoreana iis Tree becoming 18 m. tall, the twigs densely soft-pubescent: leaflets ; blades of the lateral ones ovate to eae -lance- olate, 7-14 ¢ m. long, relatively paa entire or obscurely to n: E samaras 3.5—5 em. long, the. wing linear or so, terminal or nearly s the pn t el- rw cM — Woods on river- a Blue Ridge to d en "Plateau, Ga. to 3. FORESTIERA Poir. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades sim- ple. Flowers mostly polygamo-dioecious, in lateral d, green or whitish. Calyx minute, 4—6-lobed, or obsolete. Corolla w rarely of 1-2 de- ciduous petals. Stamens 2-4. Stigma 2-lobed. pun ellipsoid to globular. [Adelia P. Br.]—About 15 species, America Leaf-blades acuminate at both ends: drupe much longer than thick, narrowly ellipsoid. 1. F. acuminata. Leaf-blades obtus eee p SUR as long or slightly longer than thick, ios Seara deciduous ; blades "oo tlied; membranous, not punctate. Leaf-blades pubesce nt on the veins beneath and often with scattered hairs between: Sa flowers and drupes very short-pedicelled or sessi 2. F. ligustrina. n copiously pubescent hea. pistillate flow- drupes markedly pedicelled. 3. F. pubescens. Tidawes Papen ene DNE entire, coriaceous, punctate. rupe oval or Leaf-blades elliptic or elliptic-spatulate. 4. F. porulosa. Leaf-blades linear, linear-elliptic, or oblanceolate. 5. F. pinetorum. Drupe globular 6. F. globularis OLEACEAE 1041 1. F. acuminata (Michx.) Poir. Tree sometimes 10 m. tall or shrub, the twigs glabrous: leaf-blades 3-10 s EA elliptie-oval to ovate- -elliptie, slightly serrat r , 9- long: A drupe narrowly ellipsoid, 12-15 mm. long; © ok stone uum. to the apex.—( FORESTIERA.) SNC —River-swamps, stream- -banks, and ponds, S&S various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Il., and CY) S. C.—Spr. NE At e 7d, 2. F. ligustrina (Michx.) Poir. Shrub 1 m. tall, the twigs usually brown or purplish X glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades 1 long, elliptie oval or approaehing cd on finely serrate: bracts ovate or rhombic, about 2.5 mm. long, eciliate: pu broadly globose-oval, 7-8 mm. long; stone oval.— Sandy or rocky soil n river- i. various provinces, Fla. to Tenn. and Ga. —Sum. 3. F. pu e Nutt. Shrub mainly 1-2 m. tall, the twigs pE a ene leaf-bla —4 em. long, elliptie-oval or elliptic-obovate, er- ate: bracts oe 92.5 mm. long, or rarely longer, ciliate: aR “tipsoig 6 7 mm. long; stone aa ellipsoid.—River-banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. Tex. and Ark.—spr. 4. F. porulosa (Michx.) Poir. Small tree or shrub 1-3 m. the twigs des 1.5—5 em. long, elliptie to EN -spatulate, mostly 2.5—6 em. long, e entire: bracts oval or sub-orbicular, about 1.5 mm. long, ciliate: drupe ellipsoid, 7-8 mm. long. [Adelia segregata ~ SE. Jl (FLORIDA-PRIVET.)— dre cks and Sad dunes, S F 5. F. pinetorum Small Shrub with short rigid, sometimes virgate branches 0.2-1 m. tall, the twigs puberulent, gray: leaf-blades 1-2.5 em. long, linear- eee E oblaneeolate, entire, thin-cori ed braets obovate to orbieular- 5-2 mm. 1 ng, eilate: drupe o 5—7 mm. long, equilateral, black: Men n LIVE. ede S pen. Fla.—Fall- —Spr. 6. F. globularis er Shrub with intricately branched stems, 1-3 tall, the twigs pale-gray and striate, glabrous: leaf-blades elliptic or slightly pim. ened upward, ee: -fleshy, mainly 1-2 em. long, paler no than above: flowers few, nearly sessile: ds oval to noo uit 2-2.5 mm. long, ciliate: ie as globular, 7-9 mm RE blue; stone globose or pros -globose.— -hammocks, E pars 4. CHIONANTHUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, deeiduous: blades simple. Flowers perfect or polygamous, in drooping festoon- like panieles. Calyx Edi A-lobed. Corolla white: lobes narrow, many times longer than the tube. Stamens 2: filaments adnate to the corolla-tube. Stigma notched or 2-lobed. See oval to subglobose-—Two species, Ameriean.—FRINGE-TREES. OLD-MAN’S BEARDS. FLOWERING-ASHES. GRANDSIR-GRAYBEARDS.—Spr. Corolla-lobes 2-3 cm. long: anthers acuminate: drupe 1-1.5 cm. long. 1. C. virginica. oe lobes about 1 em. long: anthers abruptly blunt-tipped : pe 2-2.5 cm. long. 66 2. C. pygmaea. . 1042 OLEACEAE aL. Tree up to 10 m. tall WE : tall shrub with a taproot: leaf- blades oval to to eee varying to obovate, mostly 8-18 cm. long, becoming thick- embranous, pel cred panicles with Sun: bra ieh a 2—4 em. long: anthers fully 2 mm. po Rs Mrs upe ellipsoid.—Swampy woods, rocky bluffs, and dp T often in vM poe various irs J. a. Tex ight -brown ha d is Keen and ard. C. pygmaea Small. Shrub with under- ms m. a , becoming ceous, short- petioled: panicles wit ry small iduous bracts: anthers less th 2. mm. long: drupe oval ——Serub, inland sandhills, S end of lake region, Fla. 5. LIGUSTRUM [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades simple, entire. Flowers perfect, in erect panicles. Calyx shallowly 4-lobed or nearly truncate. Corolla white or greenish, fonnelform: lobes broad, about as long as the tube or much shorter. Stam filaments adnate to the corolla-tube. ee 2-lobed. Drupe mostly PETAN a 35 species, natives of the Old World. Corolla-lobes as long as the tube or nearly so: anthers oval. 1. L. vulgare. Corolla-lobes much shorter than the tube: anthers linear. 2. L. ovalifolium. L. vulgar Shrub becoming 3 m. tall: leaves tardily deciduous; blades TA elliptic: due lanceolate, or individually broadest above the middle, 1-5 em. long, or rare rely larger, obtuse or acutish, slender-petioled: panicles many- inute, mln lobes p ovate: anthers less ma 2 mm. long: drupes di 6—8 in diameter, black.—(PRIVET. PRIM.) provinces, N. C. to Tex., Ont. and Me. of O. W., and cult.—Spr.—sum 2. L. ovalifolium Hassk. Shrub or Ves tree: leaves dd tardily apace or ever green; blades ovate, elliptic or oval, 3-7 c long, mostly ped d "p, ‘stout: ‘petioled: bra panicle ma 0 cous: calyx- Tobes prre cordis 73 m m. long: lobes p did ovate: anthers over 2 mm. long: drupes mostly oval to ovoid, 6-8 mm. long, nearly pom (CALIFORNIA PRIVET.) —Cult. Seine waste- laces, and fence-rows, Coas Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. o of Japan, and cult.—Sum Ligustrum sinense Lour. A shrub differing from L. vulgare in r densely pubescent young Dundee and inflorescence, and with the midrib o e leaves pubescent beneath ~ the stamens much longer than the UE occurs as an escape in gustrum | um Ai t a shrub or small tree, with large, ovate or ov ebd leaf- blades often 6-12 em. long, large erect panicles of sessile ae OLEACEAE 1043 ers, and ee ipi ded E en dud fruits, is widely Volpi in d coastal regions. It of China and Ja apan, and is occasionally s Lane about ioe bens it is foem on the deus of North "Carolina and Loui 6. AMAROLEA Small Shrubs or small trees. Leaves i e per- sistent: blades simple, entire. Flowers polygamous, in small axillary sealy- bracted panicles. alyx prominently 4-lobed. Corolla funnelform, w white or white: lobes broad, nearly as long as the tube. Stamens 2: filaments oval or globose, very bitter.—Only the following 2 spec ip or annone s DEVIL-Woops.—Differs from Osmanthus by the coralloid inflorescence, the sub- sessile flowers, the introrse anthers, and the capitate stigma. Drupe oval or ellipsoid, 1 cm. in diameter or less: stone acute at both ends. (See note. 1. A. MM Drupe globose, 2-2.5 cm. in diameter: stone acute at the base. 2. A. megacarpa. A. americana (L.) Small Tree becoming 15 m. tall or shrub, the bark pale leaf-blades Pelea elliptic, eria ae anime ote or lanceolate, 5-15 m. long, entire, lust above: inflore branches and aw usually finely pubescent: rolla 3—4 mm. long: drupe 10-15 oe dark- DD ; pups ellipsoid, less than le meter. iC & a a. N. C.—The dark-brown bg wood is close-grained and hard.—Osmanthus floridana Chapm aid to differ from this sees in its yellowish- out & scarcely poised at the base, may represent another spec 2, A. megacarpa Small. Shrub or small tree with a trunk-diameter usually less than 1 dm., the bark pale-green: leaf-blades elliptic or slightly sicui above the middle, m ostly 9—15 em. long, very aaa ar A "pe globose, 2—2.5 cm. long, dull-purple; ae globose-obovoid, more tha n diameter. Osmani a Small.]—Serub, S end ‘of the lake bes Son Fla. 7. JASMINUM [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or woody vines. Leaf-blades 3-7- rdg or sometimes 1- ionis Flowers mostly in terminal compound cymes. alyx with 4-9 short or elongat Mops narrow, lobes. Corolla salverform, the limb hee lobed. Filaments ame the corolla-tube. Fruit REDDE About 100 speeies, natives of the Old an 1d. Leaves with 3 or more leaflets, usually 5-7-foliolate: anthers Slender, long-tipped. 1. J. grandiflorum. Leaves reduced Rd a single leaflet, thus 1-foliolate: anthers stout, short-tip Calyx much less than half the length of the corolla-tube: corolla-lobes narrowly elliptic, acute or short-acuminate. 2. J. undulatum. Calyx about half the length of the ee or more: corolla-lobes oval, ovate, or orbicular, obtuse 3. J. Sambac. m L. Plant partly erect or diffusely reclining, glabrous or nearly so: dp mostly 5-7; blades ovate to oval, mucronate, except the 1044 SPIGELIACEAE pe MER or narrowly ovate, de minate te e: calyx 4-8 Am ates Piob es poo often unequal: PT white; tube 17-21 mm. long; lobes JE NIA-JESSAMINE - JES SPANISH-JESSAMINE.) — Pine- lands, thickets, and waste- eT S B Fla. Nat. of E. I, ma i ele y Qus S. A. )—All yea 2. J. undulatum Ker. Plant climbing, the stems and branches elosely fine-pubescent: | ovate S cymes few-several-flowered: calyx-lobes 5 or 6, filiform-subulate, much longer than the tube: corolla white; tube 15-20 mm . long; lobes narrowly elliptie or nearly so, acute or short-acuminate —Roadsides and thiekets, N Fla. Nat. of E. L, and cult. or —fall. 3. J. Sambac (L.) Soland. Plant climbing, the stems and branches finely pubescent: peces s 4-18 em. long; blades oval to ovate or elliptie, mostly aeute at the apex obtuse or rounded at the base: cymes few-several-flowered : calyx- e j : lla rrowly 10-15 mm. long; lobes oval, A or erp. mostly obtuse.— ( ARABIAN- JESSAMINE. NASSAU-JESSAMIN E — Woods and thickets, S pen. Fla. Nat. of E. I., and cult.—(W. 1I.) —4A11 year ORDER GENTIANALES — GENTIANAL ORDER Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes aquatie or humus plants or vines. Leaves mainly opposite: blades simple. Flowers mostly perfect, ee or in cymes. Calyx of 5 partially united sepals, or fewer. Corolla of 5 partially united petals, or fewer. Androec ium of as many aa as there are corolla-lobes: filaments often partially adnate to the corolla- tube. Gynoecium of 2 more or less united carpels. Fruit capsular, baeeate or drupaceous. Ovary 2-celled : leaves stipulate or with stipular lines. Fam.1. S Ovary 1- celled: leaves not stipulate. Corolla-lobes convolute or imbricated in the bud. mn E GENTIANACEAE. Corol la-lobes induplicate-valvate in the bud. Fam. 3. MENXANTHACEAE. Faminy 1. SPIGELIACHAE — Locania FAMILY vines, or woody plants. Ei typically opposite. Flowers all bs, open or compact Un e Caly or 5 partially united sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 partially united EA Androecium of 4 or 5 stamens. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, or rarely more: ovary 2-¢ one = rarely 4- celled. Fruit capsular and 2-valved, or baccate or drupac — Thirty genera and about 400 ae most abundant in warm and bod regions. Woody vines: stigmas 4: corolla yellow. Tribe I. GELSEMIEAE. aan or erect shrubs: stigma entire or slightly 2-lobed : corolla t yellow, at least without. II. SPIGELIEAE. GELSEMIEAE Stem cue twining: leaves persistent. 1. GELSEMIUM. SPIGELIACEAE II. SPIGELIEAE iri valva rolla funnelform or salverform : styles permanently united. "Flow ers in the forks of leafy DE style jointed near the mi 2. COELOSTYLIS. Flowers in terminal dM or spike-like racemes: style jointed near the bas 3. SPIGELIA. Corolla urn-shaped: oles ‘soon distinct. 4. CYNOCTONUM. Corolla-lobes imbricate. Annual herb: sepals nearly distinct: capsule loculicidal. 5. POLYPREMUM. Shrubs, or partly woody herbs: sepals chiefly united: cap- sule septicidal. 6. ADENOPLEA. 1. GELSEMIUM Juss. Evergreen vines. Flowers dimorphous, in axil- lary cymes, or solitary. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla AE straight. Fila- ments with the free portion much longer than the adnate portion. Stigmas 4. Capsule flattened contrary to the septum, septicidal. Seeds winged.—Three species, the following and 1 Asiatie.— Wint.-spr.—Y ELLOW-JESSAMINE. EVENING MPET-FLOWER. Leaf-blades narrowed at the base: calyx-lobes obtuse: anthers elliptic-ovate : sule short-beaked : seed winged. 1. G. sempervirens. Leaf-blades rounded at the base: calyx-lo bes acuminate: anthers lanceolate: capsule Wi -beaked : seed wingless. 2. G. Rankinii. 1. sempervirens (L.) A Stem and branches ofte n the flowering shoots ae Hi leaf- REA u to elliptic- lanceolate, 1. a m. long, entire: pedi scaly throughout: ealyx-lobes 3—4 mm on elliptic x orate teellipi e: bud blunt: corolla deep-yellow long; gd Ced dilated: mm je body veiny, 19.2 m. long, the beak 1-1.5 mm. long: E. m mm. long, the body about as long as the wing.—Ham- mocks, thickets, bluffs, hey bin Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and Ya. —Wint.-spr.—The flowers are very fragra wd - bays 2 Plant with the s , the o o 7 em. T tire: t e base: " oriri about 4 mm. long, lanceolate: bud — corolla deep-yellow, 2.5—3 ul 0-11 . lon me; ; tube a uus fads e-body veinless, 10-11 mm. long, the bor ong: seed 3 ong.—Swamps and river banks, Coastal Plain, xn Fla. P La. E N. ri "Wint spr.—The flowers are not fragrant. 2. COELOSTYLIS T. & G. Annual erect herbs. Flowers in the forks of leafy branches, or in the leaf axils. Calyx-lobes narrow. Corolla white or whitish, o funnelform, plicate in the bud. Filamen adnate to about the middle of the Bend tube.—T'wo species, North Ameriean 1. C. loganioides T. & G. Plant 1-3 dm tall, E n. leaf- odd oval to elliptic or anceolate, 1.5-3.5 lon ng: ni -Jobes narrowly linea abou NET Dc the eid ane cra Ede capsule about 6 mm. wide.—Pinelands, E Fla. 1046 SPIGELIACEAE SPIGELIA L. Ereet herbs. Flowers in solitary or clustered spikes or spike-like racemes. Calyx-lobes narrow. Corolla colored, rarely pale, tubular- funnelform, scarcely if at all plicate in the bud. Filaments adnate to above the middle of the sein take or to near the top.—About 35 species, American Plant perennial: inflorescence not subtended by a whorl of bracts. Corolla scarlet without, 4—5 cm. lo one anthers exserted. 1. S. marylandica. Corolla purplish without, 1.5~2.5 cm. long: anthers included. 2. S. gentianoides. Plant annual: inflorescence subtended by: a whorl of bracts. 3. S. Anthelmia. 1. S. marylandica L. Flant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate, o sometimes elliptic 3—10 em. long: calyx- nen 10-11 mm. long: corolla red with- LINA-P PIN WORM-GRASS.)— Rich a and hillsides, Fla. to Tex., Ind. and Md. (or —Spr. 2. S. gentianoides Chapm. Plant 2-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, or sometimes oval- lanceolate near the p of the stem or al- most o 1.5-5 long: calyx-lobes 7—9 m long: ¢ mud DUE lobes deltoid or ovate- deltoid. ne soil, W Fla.—Spr. 3, S. Anthelmia T. nt 1-4 dm. e leaf- blades Ge 3-12 em. long: cai: subtended by a whorl of ie , bracts: d a iE 1.5-2 mm. long: corolla 6-10 mm. long, purplish, ape om capsule 5-6 vide, tubereulate.—(WEST-INDIAN PINK-ROOT. WOR s.)— Hammocks n m ndn Florida Keys.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. rg 4. CYNOCTONUM J. F. Gmel. Annual (ours) ereet herbs. Flowers in terminal cymes, seeund. Calyx usually 5-lobed. Corolla white or pink, urceo- late, somewhat longer than the calyx. Filaments almost completely adnate to the corolla-tube. Styles united by their tips in anthesis, ultimately distinct. Capsule miter-shaped.—About 5 species, of warm regions.—MITERWORTS. Leaf-blades narrowed into petiole-like eee inflorescence lax. 1. C. Mitreola. pe P ra sessile: inflorescence dens des ovate to orbicular: Coro lobes ovate. 2. C. sessilifolium. Leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to almost linear: corolla-lobes lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. 3. C. angustifolium. . Mitreola (L.) Britton. Stem 1-7 dm. bs leaf-blades thin, d Mu or ovate, or sometimes n d 1.5-8 em. long, aeute or acumina cap- corolla-lobes ovate to elliptie- gc mm. long.—Damp soil ed A Ark., and S Va.—(W. I., Mes., C. A., —Sum, or all year S. C. sessilifolium (Walt. J. Gmel. 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades ick ovate t bi , 1-5 long, obt picu late: corolla-lobes d ed shorter dun ube: Se ae abou ong.—Pine- lands and wet places, pe | Plain, Fla. to La.—Sum. 3. C. angustifolium (T. & G.) Small. GENTIANACEAE 1047 ied 2—6 E he leaf-blades thick, — elliptie to SL or nearly line 2—4 long, obtuse or aeutish: corolla-lobes lanceolate or linear- TEA Bere longer than A tube: a about 4 mm. "um — Wet places, Coastal Plain, Fla. and S Ga. 5. POLYPREMUM L. Annual diffuse herbs. Flowers solitary in the forks a and in the leaf-axils. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5, narrow. n white, fex i shorter than the alyx. Filaments adnate to the corolla-tube es about % nae length. Styles very short, permanently united. Capsule obovoid subglobose.—One species. 1. P. procumbens L. Stem and branches 1-3 m. long: leaf-blades narrowly linear to subulate, db M Soa : a n narrowly lanceolate, about m ong: SF. Mee ae slightly “shorter Iro than the tube: capsule about 2 mm. long.— eq A noes bcr folds, and pond- margins, Coastal Plain and a adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Pa a— (f. I., Mex., C. A., S. 4.)—Spr_—talll 6. ADENOPLEA Radlk. Shrubs or partly woody plants. Flowers in lax or dense cymes borne in racemes or eri Calyx-lobes 4, shorter than the tube. Corolla trumpet-shaped, curved. Fila- ments adnate to below the middle of the corolla-tube. Capsule thick, septicidal—Few species, of tropical regions. 1. A. Lindleyana (Fort.) Small. Stem diffusely branched, 1-2 m. tall, the branches ola long: corolla pur 2 E. or red- disk, 12— ps mm. long, the tube curved: cap- sule 4—5 m long. [Buddleia Lindleyana 3 = Fort. ] — Ro: adside es, eult. grounds, and waste- : piaees, -~ Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga. Nat. of China, ins eult.— (V. I. )— Sun ES 2. GENTIANACEAE — Gentian FAMILY Annual or perennial caulescent herbs or rarely shrubs. Leaves typically opposite: blades entire, sometimes connate. Flowers perfect, solitary or variously clustered. Calyx of 2, 4 or 5, or more, partially j rsisten l j petals, varying from rotate to tubular. Androecium of as m any stamens as there are corolla-lobes, the filaments z adnate to the corolla- ube. Gynoecium o two united carpels. Fruit a oe icu dip and 700 species, most abundant in temperate region Corolla-lobes convolute in the bud: leaves not scale-like. Tribe I. GENTIANEAE. Corglia-lobes Bbricate in the bud: leaves mere scales Stigmas 2, distinct: plant green or purple- inged. Tribe II. OBOLARIEAE. a united, dilated : plant white, not gree Tribe III. LEIPHAIMEAE. 1048 N ra. GENTIANACEAE ae Xen GENTIANEAE Su Bim, mostly deciduous : anthers recurving or twisting at maturity. Sti roundish, much shorter aes the style. Tolla-tube surpassing the c 1. CENTAURIUM. Corolla. tube much shorter than the calyx. 2. EUSTOMA. Stigmas linear or nearly so, about as eae as the style. irs. pe icelled, when more than one, paniculate: an- 3. SABBATIA. Flo owers nlg when more than one, capitate: anthers 4. LAPITHEA. Style ao. "BBort or wanting: anthers straight at maturity. Corolla not furnished with nectariferous structures. Corolla nour Ds in the sinuses of the lobes: calyx wi ior membr anc Sepals unequal, the inner much broader than the AE and thin-margined : corolla lobes fimbriate or 5. ANTHOPOGON. Sepals essentially equal or if unequal the inner nar- e th ter: corolla-lobes entire or y toothed. 6. GENTIANELLA. Corolla pna plaits mue ep NSS of the lobes: calyx with an interior nen 7. DASXSTEPHANA, 2 furnished with ese eas pits, glands, or scales, or 2 for each lobe. . 8. FRASERA. . OBOLAR Calyx-lobes 4, narrowed upward: petals sli vus united. 9. BARTONIA. Calyx-lobes 2. broadened upward: petals well united. 10. OBOLABIA. III. LEIPHAIM Humus plant with Jadi stems and small, ina flowers. 11. LEIPHAIMOS. CENTA Hill. Annual, biennial, or -sometimes perennial, rela- iay small herbs. Flowers in terminal mes. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5, keeled. Corolla 4 tube, often strongly involute, acuminate.— About 25 species, widely distributed. 1. C. pulchellum (Sw.) Dru Stem 3-25 em. tall: Pao dh of the See leaves elliptic to ovate, 5—20 mm. long, d use: calyx 6-8 mm. long: coro olla 9—10 long; lobes elliptic-ovate, obtuse: rer 7. 9-8 mm. e [Erythraea pulchella (Sw.) Fri es.]— (CE TAURY. )—Fie slds and NAM Ae Hat variou provinces, Miss. to La., Ill, and N. Y. N " of Eu.—(W. I.)—Sum.-fall. 2. EUSTOMA Salisb. Annual —— large herbs. Flowers solitary or in n panic eles. ue e 5 or 6 ‘pla des "of the u elliptic anceolate, L lobes mm. long: corolla rose-purple; lobes elliptic or oval, 17-20 mm. long: cap- sule 2-2.5 om. lon ng—Pinelands, coastal and-dunes and hammocks, pen. Fla. and Flori i Keys— —(W. I. )—A1ll year. —Albino forms occu GENTIANACEAE 1049 SABBATIA Adans. Annual or s dug ee pd herbs. Flowers solitary or in cymes. Calyx-lobes 4-12, narrow. Corolla white, or pink to lilae, or magenta, often with a distinct d rotate: m Bre. longer than the tube.—About 20 species, North Ameri Calyx-lobes and corolla-lobes usually 4 or 5. I. ANGULARES. Calyx-lobes and corolla-lobes 8-12. II. DODECANDRES. I. ANGULARES Upper part of the stem id opposite bs Stem and branches teret Ca ly 2 -Jobes shorter than the tube, erect: style and stig- about equal in length. 1. S. macrophylla, Calyx-lobes longer than a tube, recurved : style much E CUR man the r 2. S. recurvans. Corolla-lobes s elliptic io cR s ‘upper leaves with Corolla White Leaf- blades rounded at the base. 3. S. difformis. Leaf-blades truncate and somewhat auricled at E Bou se, 4. S. paniculata. Corol 5. S. brachiata. Corollarlobes pem to obovate: upper leaves with broad 6. S. angularis. Upper part P" the stem with alternate bran Corolla-lobes of a spatulate or A type. C n obes foliaceous, mostly broadened upward. - 7. S. calycina. Calyx-lobes nos foliaceous, narrowed u upward. 8. S. Elliott. Corolla-lobes of an elliptic or oval t Cal ed a typically about as don. as the corolla-lobes : rolla inly less than 3 cm. broad. 9. S. campanulata. Gaire obes EvPicall y much shorter than the corolla- lobes: corolla mainly over 3.5 cm. broad.. 10. S. grandiflora, II. Dop SOAU elliptic-spatulate to oblanceolate, pee ium 25 mm. usually acutish at the Cal uu “lobes acct shorter than tne rolla Calyx-lobes linear or slightly Sarum ed upward. 11. S: dodecandra. Cal A es linear-spatulate. 12. e Harperi. Calyx-lobes as long as the corolla or nearly so. 13. S. foliosa. in lobes asma. spatulate, over 25 mm. long, usually ed at the tip. 14. S. decandra. 1. S. macrophylla Hook. Stem 6-10 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves elliptie to elliptie- danceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-6 em. long, acute: calyx 2-3 mm. long; lobes shor han the tube: corolla white; lobes 6.8 mm. long: capsule —4 mm. long.—Wet pos or acid DES Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga.—Sum 2. S. recurvans Small Similar to S. macrophylla in habit: calyx 4-5 mm. long; lobes longer than the tube: eorolla white; om eapsule 3.5—4.5 9 ong.—Low or moist Duc Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Sum is (L.) Druee. Stem 4-9 dm. M " Blades ger the upper leaves dpa to lanceolate or pd lanceolate, 1—4 cm. long, apieulate or aeu ca 7-9.5 m s ng; lobes mueh epus than the tube: a white, drying I lobes yii mm. long: eapsule 5-6 mm. long. [S. lanceolata (Walt.) T. & e J]— b. B lands, and acid bogs, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tenn. and N. J —BSpr.-s 1050 GENTIANACEAE 4. S8. paniculata (Miehx.) Pursh. Stem 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the gee leaves elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or nearly linear, 1-3 cm 6.5-7.5 mm. long; lobes d id longer than the tube: corolla slit: lobes 10-14 mm. long; capsule 7-9 mm. long.—Acid meadows and pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and S Va.—Spr.-sum. 5. S. bra to linear-lanceolate, 1.2-3.5 em. long: calyx 7-8 mm. long; lobes much longer D the tube: corolla pes E white; lobes 11-15 mm. long: capsu mm. long. [S. angustifolia (Michx.) e La, Mon as soil, often in "pinelands, Coastal Plain, and adj. DR da. Fla. to La., Mo., and N. C.—Spr.- 6. S. angularis (L.) Pursh. ie 3-8 dm. at hys of the upper aedis ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-3 long: fiow ragrant; calyx 7-8 m long; ice uch rd than the ne corolla Nera deep pink} lobes 10-18 ong: ca a 4.5-5.5 mm. long.—(ROSE-PINK. BITTER M.) —Steril ode thiekets, and Bon. various provinees, Fla. to La., Okla., Ont., and N. J.—Sum S. calycina (Lam.) Heller. pie 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves elliptic to elliptic lancedlata, 2-6 cm. d ped 15-25 mm. long; lobes linear- la oblanceolate or some of them m merely linea ueh longer than the tube: corolla rose or nearly white; E spatulate to elliptic. spatulate, mostly shorter than the yx lobes: capsule 7-8 mm. long.—River a amps and low hammocks, Coastal "Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark. and Va.—Spr.-sum. 8. 8. Elliottii ipee Stem 2-7 dm. tall: blades of the T s elliptie to linear, 0.5-2 cm. long: calyx 7-8 mm. long; lobes about Te ng a s the tube: " corolla white or eream; lobes spatulate to oblanceolate, 10-1 Jem mueh longer than the calyx-lobes: eapsule 4-5 m . lon ng. —Pi pe Coast al Plain, Fla. to Ala., and Va.—Sum.-fall. 9. S. campanulata ES Torr. Stem 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves narrow, but typically broader than the diameter of the stem or branches: calyx wit ifor various. provinces, Fla., to La., Tenn., and Mass.—Sum.—fa A foliose variet with the blades of the ‘lower leaves obovate to up and ‘of the upper leaves lance-elliptie varying to linear and with calyx lobes much eae than the corolla occurs at various ice in the Coastal Plain from Fla. to La. and S N. C. This has sometimes been included in S. stellaris Pursh. 10. leaves bris stout-filiform or nearly so, mainly narrowe r than the redd of the stem and the branches, 3-10 em. long: calyx with filiform or very narrow lobes much shorter than the corolla: corolla deep-rose or magenta, the eye yel- low; lobes oval or elliptic-oval to ppp a capsule 8-10 mm. long.— Everglades, low pinelands, and prairies, pen. ye m S. dodecandra (L.) b S. P. en 2—4 his blades of the mpper b i arly 2-4 em. long: corolla rose-purple o Pe. pr eye Perm e spatulate to elliptic. spatulate, m. ] a. 8-9 mm. lo ong. —Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S N. Y.—Sum.—fall. 12. S. Harperi Small. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves elliptic- lanceolate to lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 em. long: ealyx-lobes linear-spatulate: corolla bright-pink or whitish, the eye yellow; lobes spatulate to elliptic- -spatulate, much longer than the calyx-lobes: capsule mm. long.—Swamps or pond- margins in eee Coastal Plain, N Fla. ee Ala, to S. C.—Spr. GENTIANACEAE 1051 13. S. foliosa Fernald. Stem 1-5 dm. E blades = the upper leaves linear- elliptic - bars lanceolate or almost lin 2-6.5 em. long: calyx-lobes ed corolla eye yellow; lobes nu to e Pci about long as m Ene e. eapsule 5—7 mm. long.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain, a. and Ala.— —Spr. —fall. . decandra rp pens Stem 6-9 dm. tall: blades of Po upper b , 9—10 em. long, lower leaves spatulate corolla deep- ES to MCN the eye yellow E em. long: capsule about 10 mm. long. = Shallow pineland ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and S. C—Sum.—fall. 4. LAPITHEA Griseb. Annual or biennial herbs. Flowers solitary or in a congested cyme. Calyx-lobes mostly 7—10, narrow, unequal. Corolla red, purple, or a rotate: lobes mostly 7-10, joue ot than the tube.—Only the fo lowing spec Blades of the cauline leaves above the lower part of the stem elliptie to Pr DUG lanceolate: bracts of the involucre linear-elliptie to lanceolate. 1. L.capitata Blades of the cauline leaves above the lower part of the stem narrowly lanceolate: practs of the involucre narrowly linear- attenuate, 2. L. gentianoides. L. capitata (Raf.) Small. aen m dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves elliptic to eh de asus 1.5-4c ong: braets oval or elliptie: ose -lobes corolla E bn woods, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. and Ala.—Sum.-fall. n lat a gentianoides EL ye pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.—Sum 9. ANTHOPOGON Neck. Annual, biennial, or rarely perennial herbs. Flowers solitary at the ends of the stem aud its branches, the whorls mostly of ar t er and hyaline or scarious-margined. Corolla salverform to funnelform: lobes Shorter than the bus. without plaits in the sinuses. Stigmas very broad.—About 50 Species, widely NA 1. A.crinitum (Froel) Raf. Ste vendre tall, mostly pee gee e bins | ovate t m. long, partly P. 0 ong. [Gentiana crinata Froel.|—(FRINGED-GENTIAN. )—Swamps, moist 1052 GENTIANACEAE thiekets, and meadows, various provinces, Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to N. D. and Que.—F all. 6. GENTIANELLA Moench. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Flowers solitary or in open or contracted. cymes, the whorls of 4 parts each, or some- times of 5 parts. Calyx relatively small: lobes essentially equal or the outer ones broader than the inner. Corolla blue or pale bluish-purple, funnelform or salverform: lobes shorter than the tube, with plaits in the sinuses, but often filamentose at the base.—Numerous species of wide geographic distribution. Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube: corolla-lobes ovate. 1. e: quinquefolia. Calyx-lobes longer than the tube: corolla-lobes lanceolate. 2. occidentalis. 1. G. quinquefolia (L.) Small. Stem 1—11 dm. tall, mostly branched, 4- -winged; MER ovate to lanceolate, 2-3 cm. net partly clasping ; 'calyx- -lobes spatulate, 2-3 mm. long: corolla blue Sidi s 18-20 mm. long: eats abont m. lon 14 m ng. [Gentiana qunquefior d —( Gur WE. Ere — Rich s or moist ealeareous soil, various prov- wo V E Coastal Plain, Fla. to Mo., Mich., Ont., and Me. — Sum .& fall. 2. E: Mete and (A. Gray) m ane to the preceding species in rs larger RH bes ded Or eur Janceo: 11 rolla s 24 ee pale- us "capsule fully 15 En "e —Moist soil, various provinces, Miss. to La. - Minn., and 'Ohio.—Sum.-fall. 7. DASYSTEPHANA Adans. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Flowers in a compact terminal cyme and axillary cymes or solitary, the whorls . mainly of 5 parts each. lyx persistent: lobes minute or foliaceous, more or less unequal. Corolla 'funnelform or clavate, with neither glands at the base of the tube nor filaments at the base of the lobes: lobes much shorter than the tube, with plaits at the sinuses. Stigmas narrow. Capsule cca —About T5 ees natives of the north temperate zone.—Fall.—GENTIAN Flowers sessile, clustered: corolla-lobes shorter than the plaits in their sinuses or I. decidedly longer, erect, ascending, or converging. LATIFOLIAE. Flowers pedicelled, solitary : eorolla-lobes much longer than the plaits, spreading, or reflexed. II. ANGUSTIFOLIAE. I, LATIFOLIAE Corolla open funnelform: anthers separate. 1. D. puberula. Corolla eee to clavate: anthers cohering in ng Corol la blue Corolla-lobes Jarger and ee (only slightly so in D. Saponaria) than the plaits Corolla-lobes decidedly longer than the plaits:. stem escent. alyx-tube gl eaf-blades round subcordate at the base: corolla-plaits with 2 unequal fimbriate lob 2. D. parvifolia. ea at the base corolla- plaits with 2 equal, nearly entire lobes. 3. D. latifolia, Calyx-tube pubescent. 4, D. decora Corpila lobes slightly longer than the plaits: stem labro 5. D. Saponaria. Corolls-lobes - very small, mostly smaller and shorter than the plaits. 6. D. Andrews. GENTIANACEAE 1053 Corolla ro Dc or less tinged m green or yellow, or greenish-white or purplish-gree Calyx- lobes shorter 2 the ibo! leaf-blades broad at l ' the base and m r less clasping : seeds winged. 7. D. flavida. Calyx- lobes ager than the tube: leaf-blades narrowed , at the base: seeds wingless. 8. D. villosa. II. ANGUSTIFOLIA Corolla-limb deep-blue : free portions of the fil cus lanceolate. 9. D. Porphyrio. Corolla-limb white: free portions of the filaments subulate. 10. D. tenuifolia. puberula (Miehx.) Small. Plant 2-4.5 dm. tall, finely pubescent or SE blades of the upper leaves oue Or elliptic- -lanceolate: calyx 18-26 mm. long; lobes linear to narrowly corolla rose-purple, 3.5-5 em. long; lobes broadly d ascending; ne cleft pu laciniate, uch shorter the lobes did body abo ut 2 em. i n = Dry Bun and u ince large ascending lobes which ee exceed the narrow dcs -lobed plaits í parvifolia (Chapm.) Small. Plant 2—7 d tall, finely pubescent: blades of the upper leaves dad B lanceolate or arp lanceolate, 1.5—4 long: calyx 25-30 mm. long; lobes linear pd linear- elliptic, much in ‘than the tube: corolla rose- nu or blue, 4.5 em. long; plaits cleft and erose-toothed: lobes rounded: le-body about 2.5 cm. long. [Gentiana Elliottài Cha pm.}—Rive r-banks, Ba woods and ERE Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Va.—Somewhat resembl he preceding in the shape of the corolla A but differs in pm small narrow e. lobed d " decidedly toothed plaits 3. D. latifolia (Chapm.) Small. Plant 3-8 dm. tall, finely pubescent: blades sn the upper leaves Pe to broadly tee Pi sometimes n nearly linear, 2-8 long: ealyx 15-25 mm. long; lobes line o linear- a pul com mo y ls than the tube or "fully as long: aire fud purple, 4—5 cm. long; lobes acute; plaits cleft and som a erose: capsule-body nearly 2.5 em. E ji j ist ha S Va.—Larger than dre precedi ng, with more typically elliptic ee blades, and with larger els toothed corolla-plaits. D. decora (Pollard) Small. Plant similar uj that of D. d in habit: leaf- blades thinner, more decidedly acuminate: calyx less t . long; m es to linear- subulate or lanceolate, Shorter than the a ‘corolla pur 2.0—9 em. long; lobes id than the plaits: plaits very broad p BI and erose: capsule-body about 2 em. long.—Moist mt. w Blu E Ga. to Va.—Differs uo ali the preceding E and fro "the ie folowing in the small ealyx-lobes and from all related species m , the small corolla-lobes which are separated by wide broadly 2-lobed erose plait 5. D. Saponaria (L.) S Plant 3-8 dm. tall, PE dx. of the up- per as e to Reim -lanceolate or elliptic, 2.5-7.5 em. long: calyx 15- 22 mm. long; lobes spatulate to ee as long as the tube = toner: corolla blue or purplish-blue, 3.5-4 em. long; "lobes mainly shorter F i t plaits: plaits narrow, ele t and ue laeiniate: capsule-body fully long. [Gentiana pn L.]— (SoAPWORT-GENTIAN, )—Moist shaded pen 1054 GENTIANACEAE and woods, often in acid soil, various provinces, Ga. (or Fla.?), to La., Min t., and Conn. —Readily distinguished from related species by the large lobed and somewhat laciniate corolla-plaits which about equal the corolla-lobes. 6. D. Andrewsii (Griseb.) Small. Plants 3-10 dm. tall, pea blades of the upper leaves lanceolate, E d lanceolate ovate-lanceo late ovate, mainly ng: calyx mostly 11- lobes elliptic, oval, ¢ or ovate, shorter T a unequally 2-lobed and erose toothed plaits: capsule-body 2-2.5 cm. long entiana Andrewsii Griseb.]—Moist woods, meadows, prairies and swampy thickets, often in calcareous soil, various provinces, in Coastal Plain only north- ard, Ga. to Ark. Sarria ns. th N. Dak., and Me.—Easily distinguished from 2 our other species by mall PRU E corolla- lobes which are much e ceeded by the large od sd plaits 7. D. flavida (A. Gray) Britton. Plants 2-9 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the upper ie lanceolate to ovate, not of an obovate type, 5-11 em. long: calyx —20 mm. long; lobes o reading: corolla white, or sometimes tinged with yellow, 3—4 cm. long; lobes deltoid ovate to reniform-ovate, lo M than the coarsely and irregularly few- othed plaits: capsule-body about 2 ae SE gee prairies, moist yee a somewhat acid meadows, various = nces N of Coastal Plain, N. C. . Ark., Mo., Ont., —May be distinguished from our other nec E the white or yellow- tinged corolla d the short and broad calyx-lobes 8. D. villosa (L.) Small. Plant E dm. tall, poi purs of the upper leaves iy gx Bing -obovate, or obovate, not of an ovate type, long: calyx 25-4 peti lobes line ar to eae. Burr NA longer "than the tube, Esel or und ie S0: orolla greenish-white or purplish-greén, 4—5 em. long; lobes ovate to deltoi sate: much longer than the entire or merely 2-lobed plaits: poste ody 2.5-3 em. „10m8. ae blag ochroleuca Froel. a thickets, acid e woods, and pinelands, various provinces, Fla. to La. an —Differs from our other 22 in the mainly 2 e oni and narrow calyx-lobes 9. D. Porphyrio (J. F. Gmel.) Small. Plant mostly 2-4.5 dm. tall, the stem simple or rarely branched: leaf-blades narrow, those of the lower ee spatu- te, those of the upper linear-spatulate to linear: calyx-lobes linear-subulate: imb d corolla deeply colored, the 1 eep-blue; lobes ovate, entire or obscurely erose its rather Ru oí laciniate capsule- 5—2 em. 1 ands, and margins o pools, Coastal Plain, S. C. to N. J.—This and the following Species differ rA all the preceding in the funnelform corolla and laciniate plaits. . D. tenuifolia (Raf.) Pennell. Plant mostly 1-2 dm. tall, the stem usually simple: leaf-blades very narrow, those of the lower leaves linear- spatulate, those 1 inear: of the u greenish-white, the ES white; lobes ovate, evi ond erose-toothed: plaits rather alee laciniate: capsu ule jer about 1.5 em. long.—Low pinelands, M. Fla.—Most eadily separated from ae snes Ta species by its low stature and vite or greenish-white n limb. 8. FRASERA Walt. Biennial or perennial herbs, usually coarse and with hollow stems. Flowers in panicled cymes. Calyx-lobes 4, narrow. Corolla GENTIANACEAE 1055 white, yellowish, or bluish, rotate: lobes 4, nee than the tube, each with 1 or 2 glands.—Five species, North American. F. carolinensis Walt. Stem 1-2.5 m. tall: yl long: calyx-lobes linear to linear- lanceolate, acuminate: corolla ochroleueou us and purple- dotted; 0 various provinces, Ga. to La., Ont., a Y.—Spr.-su um.—This ually triennial, blooming the second year after the seed germinates, and dying as soon as the new seed is est ted. ge B et m ARTONIA Muhl. Annual or biennial, slender wiry herbs. Leaves mere narrow scales. Flowers in racemose or panieled cymes, or solitary, each sub- C up eastern North Ameriea.—Sum.-fal Corolla 6 nm long or more ; lobes spatulate to TE a ME 1. B. verna. Corolia 5 mm. long or less ; lobes vu d to ellip brolla] lobes elliptic, mo re or less erose, a pointed : branches and pedicels sti 2. B. virginica. Corolla-lobes - lanceolate, entire, acute or acuminate: branches and pedicels lax. 3. B. lanceolata. 1. a hrs (Michx.) Muhl. Plant 0.5-3 dm. tall: leaves poma E aaa EE calyx-lobes - linear- Ee corolla white: lobes 7—10 pela ca apsi 5-6 mm. long.—Moist pin nds, prai rios, and lake o Coastal —spr. 3 la Plain, Fla. to La. and Va.—Win B. virginica (L.) B Plant 1—4 am tall: leaves (seales) am or E nate on small plants: ealyx-lobes subulate or ER MR corolla yellowish-white; tl 2.5 lobes mostly 2-2.5 mm. long: capsule 3-5 mm. long.—Open woods, swamps, and grassy ae in acid cil, = provinces, Fla. to , Minn., and Newf. lanceolata Small. Plant 2-6 lyx-lobe inica: corolla greenish-white; lobes mostly 3. 5-3 m . long: capsule 4-5 mm. lon Ram bs p ds and s ~ mps, Coastal Plain d rarely adj. Ed Fla. —In and the next preceding specie ote plants are re a containing little chlorophyl and apparently living, at least in part, as saprophytes in decaying organie matter 10. OBOLARIA L. Perennial small, but stout succulent herbs. Leaves mere dilated num Flowers in spike-like cymes, each subtended by a dilated 1056 MENYANTHACEAE braet. Calyx-lobes 2, dilated upward. Corolla white, pinkish, or purplish, ra funnelform: lobes 4, about as long as the tube.—One Done O. virginica Plant purplish- m 5-20 em. a tall: jen (seales) 5—10 long, ro patulae: corolla 7-10 mm. long: lobes Paes as the tube, acute: eile, 5 : long.— (PENNY WORT. )— Moist thickets "and rieh woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ill., and N. J ——Spr. 11i. LEIPHAIMOS Schlecht. & Cham. Annual or perennial humus-plants. Leaves mere scales. Flowers solitary or in cymes. ae 4 or 5, narrow, commonly about as long as the tube. Corolla white or variously colored, salverform: lobes 4 or 5, much shorter than the tube.—About 20 species, mostly tropical American. 1. I. parasitica Schlecht. & Cham Plant pale, 1-4 dm. tall: leaves (scales) opposite, mm. long: calyx -lobes lanceolate, acute: m. long, a e Fla. and Florida Keys — (W. I.)—AM yea Famity 3. MENYANTHACEAE — BoaBEAN FAMILY . Perennial aquatic or bog herbs. peri alternate; blades simple or 3-foliolate. Flowers perfect, solitary, or in clusters or racemes of 5 partly united sepals. Corolla ae or colored, rotate or funnelform. Androecium of 5 stamens, with the filaments partly adnate to the paca ube. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels. Style short. Fruit a cap- sule, sometimes indehiseent.—Five genera and "aont 35 species, sudo distribu ted. NYMPHOIDES [Tourn.] Hill. Aquatie herbs. Leaves with elongate petioles and broad blades with a deep basal sinus. Flower- clusters sometimes tuber-bearing, borne on a petiole-like stalk. Calyx-lobes narrow. tate. Fi ro Capsule ellipsoid to ovoid. [Limnanthemum J. F. Gmel. ]—About 20 species, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions.—FLOATING-HEARTS Leaf-blades relatively small: corolla about twice as long as the calyx: capsule af blade longer than the calyx: seed smooth 1. N. lacunosum. eaf-bla lyx 2. N. aquaticum. APOCYNACEAE 1057 1. N. lacunosum (Vent.) Kuntze. T iim ovate or orbicular-ovate, 2—4.5 em. long: flower-clusters usually with t eorola white: filaments adnate to above the middle of the pale tube p capsule out 4 m ong. ean Griseb.] - Shallow paie. various provin 2 Fla. to La., Minn., Ont., and Me.—Spr.-fall. N. aquaticum (Walt.) Kuntze. , Leaf- blades suborbicular to reniform, 5-15 em A. Gray|—Ponds and ‘slow Pura e Plain. Fla. to Tex. and N. J.—Spr.- ORDER ASCLEPIADALES-—-ASCLEPIADAL ORDER Herbs, shrubs or trees, commonly with a milky juice. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades entire. Inflorescence eymose, sometimes umbellate. Calyx of usually 5, partially united, sepals. Corolla of usually 5 partially united petals. Androecium of 5 distinct or monadelphous stamens. Pollen granular, or in waxy masses. Gynoecium of usually 2 earpels sometimes only united at the apex. Stigma terminal. Fruit a pair of follicles, or drupaceous. Styles united: stamens distinct: pollen loosely granular. Fam. 1. APOCYNACEAE Styles distinct : stamens monadelphous: pollen united into axy masses. "am. 2. ASCLEPIADACEAE, Famity 1. APOCYNACEAE — Docpane FAMILY Perennial herbs, vines, shrubs or trees, mostly with a milky aerid juice. Leaf-blades simple. Androecium of 5 stamens with the eee nverging around the stigma or partly adhering to it. Filaments par- at tially adnate to the corolla-tube. Pollen-grains simple Gynoecium of 2 distinct carp or 2 un earpels. Styles united. Stigmas simple Fruit usually of 2 folhe es appendaged.—A bout Seed oft 130 genera and 1,100 species, widely distributed but mostly tropical. Carpels distinct: fruit a pair of follicles or drupes, sometimes single by abortion. Anthers unappendaged 2 the base, not connected with the stigma: oo lobes sinistrorsely convolu I. VIN an appendaged ` the base, converging around the A and partially adherent to it: corolla-lobes dex- trorsely ane II. ECHITIDEAE. Carpels united: fruit a 1-celled capsule. III. ALLAMANDAE. I. VINCEAE Fruit drupaceous : shrubs or trees. Corolla salverform, PON ely small; lobes equilateral, shorter than the Co E lla funnelform, relatively large ; lobes inequilateral, nger than the tu Fruit "i pair of follicles: Hebe: sometimes H shrubby. Flower without a disk: leaves alternat 3. AMSONIA. Flower with a 2-lobed disk: leaves A 67 1. VALLESIA. 2. CERBERA. 1058 APOCYNACEAE Anther with a foliaceous connective: carpels 6-8- ovuled: stigma glabrous: corolla funnelform. 4. VINCA. Anther with an inconspicuous connective: carpels several-ovuled: stigma pubescent: corolla salver- form. 5. CATHARANTHUS. II. ECHITIDEAE Shrubs or trees. 6. NERIUM. Herbs or vines. Corolla appendaged within: ealyx-tube partially at- tached to the gynoecium by the thick disk: upright T. APOCYNUM. Corolla 'unappendaged : calyx-tube wholly free: vines. Sti iene s appendaged with a reversed cup or 5 lobes. oe funnelform, the throat widened upward. "Cal yx-lobes relatively long and narrow: scale- like glands borne at the base of the calyx 8. URECHITES. cerned lobes relatively broad and short: scale- glands wanting. 9. RHABDADENIA. Co rolla salverform, e throat narrowed upward. 10. ECHITES. Stigma merely thic 11. TRACHELOSPERMUM. III. ALLAMAND Shrub with opposite, sometimes whorled leaves, slew fun- nelform corollas, and echinate capsules. 12. ALLAMANDA. 1. VALLESIA R. & P. Shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades relatively broad. Calyx-lobes short. Corolla salverform, the throat contracted at the mouth: lobes shorter than the tube, equi- lateral. Stamens adnate up to the throat of the corolla: anthers cordate: disk wanting. Carpels 2. rupe narrow. . Seeds clavate, unappendaged.—Two species tropical Ameri- can V. glabra Cav. Shru b3 m. tall or Ed j e lanceolate, e es deltoid to ovate- deltoid, less than 1 em. long: coro white ; m. long; be eel j 0-14 . elliptic, 3-4 mm. don ng; drupe long.—Hammocks, Florida Keys.—(W. I. A Mex., C. A., S. A.—Spr.-fall. 2. CERBERA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades relatively narrow. Calyx-lobes long. Corolla funnelform, the throat not constricted at outh. Drupe broad. Seeds angular. 8 T L.]—About 7 species, tropica American. l. E Thevetia L. Sh d leaves approxi. m. long: unt co 3-4 cm. broad.— Pinelands, eult. oo and waste-places, S. pen. Fla. and ur ida Keys. Nat. 25 E op Am (Wr I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)— Ps —Known as nn in the West dies and in southern Florida. APOCYNACEAE 1059 3. AMSONIA Walt. Herbs. Leaves alternate: blades various. Calyx- lobes deltoid to lanceolate. Corolla mainly salverform, blue or purple-blue; lobes narrow.—About 8 species, North American and Asiatie.—BLUE-DOGBANES. BLUE-STARS. Corolla pubescent withou Leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so, at least at maturity: delen glabrous. Leaf-blades broad, ovate, oval, or broadly elliptic-lan late. . A. Amsonia. Leaf-blades narrow, elliptie, elliptic-lanceolate, lanceolate, n or linear- lanceolate. . A. salicifolia. Leaf-blades tomentose be neath, permanently Dur be- uu neath: follicles ee at least on the upper part. . A. ludoviciana. Corolla g labrous withou 1 e NS blades elliptic-lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, ar, or linear- filiform, those of the upper ones at least nm . A. ciliata. sile. Leaves short ; blades elliptie, oval, or ovate, distinctly peti- led. . Á. rigida. A. Amsonia (L.) Britton. Plant 6-13 dm. tall, glabrous s eu dE VD relatively broad, oval to broadly elliptic- ee. 6.5— ph em. long: eorolla purplish-blue; tu s — ng; lo bes shorter than the tube follicles” 9-12 em. long. [4. Ta bernaemon- tana Wal er banks and rich woods, various prov Tex., Kans., Eus Ci ura. as far N as Mass ae - salicifolia Pursh. Plant 6-19 dm tall x ore leaf-blades En narrow, lanceol ate to linear- lanceola te, 7-16 e oro age T rplish-blue; lo ai as bbc longer; follieles 8- Low grounds and thickets, E SO soil, various provinces, Fla. o Tex., Kans., and Va.—Spr.-sum. . ludoviciana Vail. Plant 5-11 dm. tall, pubescent at least when young: eaves Disk. vely few; blades broadly elliptie to iid opa e; 6-9 em. long, beneath: co Po bluish; tube 6-7 mm. long; lobes about as ube: follicles 8—10 em. long.—Moist grounds, ee in open woods, oastal Plain and adj. provinces, "Miss. to La. and Ark.—-Spr.— The flowers are E fragrant. 4. A. ciliata Walt. Plant 2-8 dm. tall, often much- cu Y i es numerous; nn linear to linear- filiform t pper part of the t (al- most fi mae in A. ciliata a : : corolla Pn ca iue Boe 6-8 mr s the ate llipti , mostly shorter than the tube: follicles 8-16 em. long.—Dry plum Coastal Plain, and adj. Piediont, Fla. , Ark., and N. C.—Spr.- A. rigida Shuttlw. e 8-13 dm. tall, glabrous: leaves very numerous; blades elliptic, oval, or ovate, 2.5-5 em. long: jen pus mm. long: eorolla purplish-blue; tube n mm. long; lobes as long a tube or longer: follicles 7-12 em. n. long ——Moist pinelands and PETS Poids poen Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.— 4. VINCA L. Trailing or creeping herbs. Leaves opposite. Corolla blue, or rarely white: tube dilated at the mouth.—About 12 species, natives of the Old World.—Spr.-sum.—PERIWINKLES. MYRTLES. 1060 APOCYNACEAE Leaf-blades elliptic to elliptic-ovate, eciliate: calyx-lobes eciliate: follicles beak- 1. V. minor. ess Leaf-blades ovate to deltoid-ovate, ciliate: calyx-lobes ciliate: follicles beaked. 2. V. major. 1. V. minor L. Leaf-blades subcoriaceous, 1-5 cm. long, narrowed to a short petiole: ealyx-lobes lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, Ed. corolla 1.5—2 em. wide: foliele 2.5 em. long or less,—Roadsides, h anks, and cult. grounds, various shade provinees, Ga. to Ark. and Ont.—Nat. of Eu. V. major L. Leaf-blades membranous, 4-7 em. long, eared petioled: calyx- lobes subulate, 9-1 long, pee at Plain, Ga. and S. C.—Nat. of Eu.—These periwinkles were brought to Ameriea from | Europe by the early e in the eastern B United States. y means of the creeping stems, plants soon spre ET from gardens to roadsides and even into woodlands. 5. CATHARANTHUS G. Don. Erect herbs. Leaves opposite. Corolla variously colored or white: tube with a contracted mouth. Follicle narrow.— Three species, the ME and two in the ; Old World tropic 1. C. roseus (L. . Don. Stems 2-7 dm tall: leaf-blades oblong to oblong- cuneate, -8 em. long: calyx-lobes linear- pops k, lobes abruptly pointed: f 2—3 long. [Vinca rose rocallis rosea Small ]-— (PERIWIN D- lands, hammocks, waste-places, roadsides, and cult. grounds, pen. Fla. and the Keys, Nat. of Madagascar (?).— (W. I., n C. A., S. A.)—This showy plant has ta EN possession of aeres of serub land in mop peninsular Florida, 6. NERIUM [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades rela- ae narrow. Corolla salverform, the throat pane with toothed scales the mouth: the lobes spreading, broad. POIs en. —Three species, Eun. . N. Oleander L. Tree becoming 10 m. tall, shrub: leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to Nes -elliptic, 6-15 em ee nd -veine on g: ealyx-lobes lanceolate, 4.5 lon corolla white to rose-purple or f lim AL m. wide, the lobes obliquely apieulate: follieles 1-2 dm. long. LEAN- DER. )—Roadsides, fields, and edges of woods, C 1 Plain, 0 a as f . of the Levants and cult.— — (IF. I.\—Al year.—The sap is exe diu id po In some varie- ties the leaves co a good oo of rubber, in others po non APOCYNACEAE 1061 7. APOCYNUM [Tourn.] L. Upright herbs. Leaves opposite: blades rela- tively broad. Corolla campanulate to urceolate, with entire appendages near the base, the lobes erect or recurved, fromthe ut 12 species, in the nort temperate zone.—Sum.—DOGBANES. und. one white, or pink within, 5-9 mm. long. . orolla -lobes revolute: flowers nodding: corolla pink eee leaves sprea 1. A. androsaemifolium. Corolla-lobes spreading: , flowers slightly or not at all nodding: corolla usually white: leaves erect. 2. A. medium. Corolla white or greenish, 2 5-4 mm. long: lobes usually ect: leaves and branches erect. 3. A. cannabinum. 1. A. Ro ag DUAE L. Plant 3-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, elliptic, oval, n . long: eymes rather long: ealyx-lobes ovate to ovate- lanceolate, 2—2.9 B eorolla-lobes nearly as Ios as de tube: follicles 10-17 em. long.— s, and fence-rows, various ee fiel pro nees, in Coastal Plain only northward, Ga. 7 Tex., B. C., Ont., and N. B. um Greene. Plant intermediate 4 between the receding and the following ids leaf- pes pres n hae Mes. . lon es son t dense: calyx » bo Een e, "2-2.5 mm pre a lobes nearly as long a the tube: 8- : and low. grounds, rious provinces, Cag Plain only hé N. C. to Mo Minn., and Newf. . cannabinum L. Plant 8-18 dm. ind ed blades PR to elliptie- den ovate or Mrd -lanceolate, 5-12 cm. lon rather calyx-lobes lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long: eorolla- niu NE half as long as p nibo: fol- A cles 12— "20 em. long.—Thickets, ae hi aps iin m-banks, various prov- ces, Fla. to un B. C., Ont d N. P eral propos sed segregates of this species do not pro ove to be oF a ‘all variations being found between the sae segregates 8. URECHITES Muell.-Arg. Vines, or erect woody dad in op- posite: blades flat, entire. Calyx-lobes 5, relatively long and na Corolla showy, large, the short tube dilated into a longer a a. the limb prominently lobed. Anthers sagittate, Piles than the nts, Mee usually with a much elongate narrow apical appendage. d aoe ery slen- der, more or less incurved. Seeds numerous, slender- ei RE, rue 6 species, tropieal American. pen permanently ao pubescent: corolla pubescent Nita basal lobes of the anther over 1 cm. long. . U. pinetorum. Calyx a. ae least ultimately so: o oe without: basal lobes of the anther less than 1 cm. lon 2. U. lutea. 1. U. pinetorum Small. Plant gray-green, the stem underground, the nes erect, or when more elongate reclining, simple or ager SO, copiously -pubes- cent: leaf-blades obovate, ov Mee or elliptie, 3-7.5 c ong, dull above, D d Me beneath: eymes usually payee 1-few- lowered, n uA narrow acts: ca on nci. Su. te, 8-10 mm. long, a mate: a deep- A ions 6-9 em. wide: anthers Tun 6 mm. long, ne 25 in FEE 1062 APOCYNACEAE e. 9-19 em. long. — (WILD-ALLA- NDA.)— "m nelands, Everglade Keys, Fla. CIN 2. U. lutea (L.) Britton. Plant bright- green, the stem and branches high-twining, glabrous or copo e ously auod leaf- blade es obovate, elliptie, oval, or ovate, or Ee ee lar, ‘mostly 4—7 em. long, ing abov meti imes in is oon eat eer pos several or numer- ous, several- to many-flowered, with foliaceous mm. yellow mostly 4-5 em. pos anthers 4-5 n. long, the s an tout: follicles 12— 15. em. long. x Ay rent Chapm.]—Hammocks, S pen. Florida and the e I.)— s ear.—An imperfect specimen collected many years ago orded as d m Key West represents an extremely pubescent form of this nt Or € species. Several forms of this plant, or perhaps species oceur in our ran n one the plant leaves and inflorescence are essentially labrous; in merced the leaf-blades are sparingly pubescent beneath and the inflor escence bristly pubescent; in a third form the leaf-blades are closely often velvety pubescent beneath and the inflorescence is softly fine-pubescent. 9. RHABDADENIA Muell-Arg. Vines, sometimes nearly erect. Leaves opposite. Calyx-lobes relatively broad and short. Corolla-tube PF di- lated into the funnelform throat.—About 10 species, tropical Amer Corolla- i white, 4.5-5 em. wide: twining vine, the branches glabro 1. .R. biflora. Corolla- limb yellow, 2.5-3 em. wide: erect herb, the branches pu- bescent. 2. R. corallicola. 1. R. biflora (Jaeq.) Muell-Arg. Stem greatly elongate: leaf-blades nde or elliptie-laneeolate, 4—9 cm. long, pou t alyx-lobes mn or nearly s long, whit BER-VINE.) —Coastal hammocks, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.)—All year. corallicola Small Stem 3-11 long, E volute: ealyx-lobes deltoid ovate, 2 ong: e 3 ong, a E a- 1.5 licles 8-11 cm. long. —Pinelan nds, Everglade eys al Cypress swam , Fla. and lower Florida Keys.—Al Frag- tary specimens apparently of a related species, E. Sagraei, of th ham ECHITES P. Br. Vines. Leaves opposite. Flowers relatively large. the 10. i Calyx with glands within. Corolla salverform, the throat narrowed to APOCYNACEAE 1063 mouth.—About 40 species, idus Ameri- 1. E. Echites (L.) Britton. Stem from a tuber-like root, widely twining: leaf-blades ovate to oval, 4-9 em. long: calyx-lobes triangular, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: corolla white m. | or greenish-white; tube 5-6 cm. long; lobes 1.5-2.5 em. long: follicles 15-20 em i b pe Jacq. ]—(DEVIL’S-POTATO Keys.— (WV. I.)—All year. This vine, par- E in the EET I is s often very vigor- Its stems and numerous branches are ets intertwined. 11. eae a alata Lemaire. Vines with slender woody stems. Leaves opposite. Flowers eM small. Calyx with glands within. Corolla Fi M —About 6 species, North American and Asiatic. ee Stem ex- tensively twining: leaf-blades ovate or a to elliptic or el ate, 3-9 em. long: calyx- lobes lanceolate- subulate, sa cm. long; corolla greenish; tube 5-6 . long; lobes m shorter than the tube: ‘follicles 15-22 ong. DC rmis A. ] Pire r-banks, low grounds, and swamps, CT Plain, and adj. provinees, Fla. to — (Mex pre S are in eastern Asia; the id of. Seema. a genus in which it is sometimes inque are South Ameri 12. ALLAMANDA L. Shrubs, trees, or woody vines. Leaves opposite, sometimes whorled Flowers large, often showy. Calyx-lobes rather narrow. sule subglobose, more or less compressed, echinate.—About 12 species, Bep 1. ~ e ica L. Shrub mostly 1 tall the twigs finely pubescent: leaf- blades AE to elliptic, 5-12 em. long, mo Ern abruptly short-acuminate, gla except the veins beneath: flowers em P calvx-lobes eu to elliptic-lanceolate: corolla yellow, 7-10 em. long, the tube and ae any E in d the es 4—6 in wide: caps Dum Su C ou )- Bosdsides E | hammocks, pen. Fla. Nat. of . Am. and cult.—(W. I., Mex., C. 4.) —All y 1064 ASCLEPIADACEAE FAMILY 2. ASCLEPIADACEAE — MiLKWEED FAMILY Perennial herbaceous or woody plants, with usually umbel- like eymes. the Androecium of usually 5 stamens, with the anthers more adherent to the stigma than in Apocynaceae, the filament-appendages fo n a a crown with 5 lobes. Gynoecium of 2 earpels with the stigmas unite ne um d; earpel usually maturing.—About 240 genera and 2,000 SN p distributed. Pollen granular, the grains grouped in 4's: caudicles spoon-shaped, without a cor- pusele. I. PERIPLOCEAE. Pollen polus m 2 waxy masses (pollinia) : eaudicles united by Pollinia SET us: stigma not saucer-shaped nor cup- ike: anthers tipped with a scarious membrane, the sacs lower than the top of the stigma. II. ASCLEPIADEAE. Pollinia horizontal or nearly so: stigma saucer- -shaped or cup-like: anthers scarcely or not at all tipped with a er membrane, the saes on the margin of or close he stigma. III. VINCETOXICEAE. PERIPLOCEAE More rotate: follicles long subulate, nearly terete, erect: several-many-flow red. 1. PERIPLOCA. Corolla. a follicles P and stout, irregularly ngled, divergent: cymes few-flowered. 2. CRYPTOSTEGIA. II. ASCLEPIADEAE Crown double, the outer a nom ring, the inner consisting of 5 ed hook-like scales 3. FUNASTRUM. Crown single Erect, ascendi ing, or spreading herbs. Coro lla ellipsoid- ET T lobes erect. 4. PODOSTIGMA. Corolla rotate, the lobes spreading or reflexed in e. Corolla- Es reflexed during anthesis: hoods o e xn erestless or each with a horn-like Ande: wings c corneous: pollinia longer than the Hoods of the crown without horns or crests. 5. ACERATES. Hoods of the AN each with an internal oje Hoods scoop-like or trowel-like, D free . edges, the horn free or partl y adnate the hood: flower-buds So flat- topped. 6. ASCLEPIAS. Hoods saccate or with the sides con rone the 2 sacs: flower-buds flat 7. BIVENTRARIA. Hoods "In gate, dorso-ventrally flat- tened, the horn protruding from is - flower-buds not flat-topped. 8. OXYPTERYX. Anther-wi ues mbranous or papery: hoods of the crown ellipsoid- -clavate, ascending and in- curved over the anthers, each with a nade E d within: pollinia shorter than t es Corolla-lobes — erect-spreading E anthesi ho E t oe he pendulous or —— a t bas ved upwards, obtuse, crested within, E feast in the upper par Hoods of the crown involute, and hooded at the apex, crested above the middle: anthers 9. ANANTHERIX, ase. 10. ASCLEPIODORA. Hoods of the crow M con cace: m at the apex: anthers saglitate at the bas 11. ASCLEPIODELLA. (Ae ty ie oe Mea ASCLEPIADACEAE 1065 Twining vines. fee slightly united at the base: column not elon- Crown-lobes each with an entire or cleft terminal appendage. 12. GONOLOBUS. Crown-lobes entire or lobed. Corol pad glabrous within: crown-lobes Stigma flat: crown-lobes not notched. 13. AMPHISTELMA. tigma conic: crown-lobes notched at the IA 4. LYONIA. Corolla-lobes pubescent within: crown-lobes arrow . METASTELMA. Petals ünited to about the middle: column elongate. 16. EPICION. m III. V XICEAE Crown disk-like or saucer-shaped, obseurely, if at all ridged. M rers ee column distinet, appendaged at the ridged. 17. CYCLODON. CORONA "MGE reticulate: column nearly obsolete, neither appendaged nor ridged. 18. VINCETOXICUM. Crown cup-shaped or incurved at the tip, usually crested or appendaged on the inner side. | Cymes long-peduncled, many-flowered: leaves large. 19. ODONTOSTEPHANA. Cymes sessile, 1-5-flowered: leaves small. 20. IZDISONIA. PERIPLOCA L. Slender twining, partly woody, vines. Leaf-blades breed. membranous. Cymes broad. Calyx-lobes spreading. Corolla rotate, inconspicuous, lobes pubescent within with lobed seales, each n corolla. DUE LL s LT CUT ALI Wc Is. POLEMONIACEAE 1101 ich. and Mass.—Sum.—A very showy plant. The flowers are adapted to Cross- on EE by humming-birds. 3. PHLOX L. Dwarf-shrubby, perennial, or annual plants. Leaves mostly opposite, with their bases connected by stipular lines, in some species alternate, the blades entire. Inflorescence primarily cymose, the cymes often arranged in eorymbs or panicles, bracted. Calyx tubular; lobes narrow, acute or awned. Corolla typically bright-purple, but ranging to rose-red, lue- violet, or to white, pale eye often striate with 5 groups of A p lines: lobes cuneate to broadly obovate. Capsule subglobose to ellipsoid, 4-6 mm. long.—About 50 p unn a North modum except that one extends from Alaska into Siberia. Several of these, as well as hybrids between them are in eultivation and have A: locally. Many of the species are markedly variable. Stems woody, aS or decumbent; axillary latent o CDDOMSBHES leav es mostly persistent : Bore scence a few-flowered cyme; pedice often elongat I. SUBULATAE. Stems herbaceo s decumbent or erect; i : axillary 2 shoots inconspicuous: leaves deciduous or a f sistent : infloresce nce few Plant perennial : ^ leaf-blades obtuse to acute with Short awn-tips: inflorescence bilaterally 1, II. DIVARICATAE. saree annual: leaf-blades acute, with prominent awn-tips : inflorescence asymmetrical. III. DRUMMONDIANAE. Calyx- ples mos Pd than the tu p e. Leaves medium-sized, their margins roughish or oe with soft hairs, and their lateral veins seu IV. OvATAE. ones relatively large, their margins ciliate-serru- late stiff oues and their lateral veins DPosüncnt areola V. PANICULATAE. I. SUBULATA Corolla-lobes entire, erose, or shallowly Eo eT stamens all included ; style 1-8 mm. lon Corolla-lobes conspicuously notched (exceptionally nearly en- ire) ; stamens partly exserted; style 4-12 mm. long. p numerous, wded; low wer tages 8—20 mm. long; nu 1. P. nivalis. 1 2. P. subulata. Nodes few, more remote; lower leaves 20—60 mm. long; sinuses in the corolla-lobes averaging 3 mm. deep. 3. P. bifida. DIVARICAT Sterile shoots becoming decumbent, often roo at nodes; leaves rather broad; inflorescence lax ; MER glabrous. 4. P. divaricata. Sterile A erect. or oU Me D rooting 7 odes ; leaves ostly narro inflores mpa ig eps mostly “near to ETE y persistent ; bracts spreading ; inflorescence- hairs sometimes gla nd- tipp Nodes few: leaves pubescent or sometimes glabro the upper spreading, passing rather abruptly into "the bracts. 9. P. pilosa, Nodes numerous; leaves always glabrous, the upper enang passing gradually into glandular-pubescent 6. P. floridana. md “oblong SUD to lanceolate, many of them persis- ten bra ending ; inflorescence- hairs coarse, esiandular 7. P. amoena. 1102 POLEMONIACEAE DRUMMONDIAN III. Plant a branching annual with the upper leaves arcane. 8. P. Drummondii, Prostrate stems well-developed, rooting at ee lower leaves 9. P. stolonifera. spatulate, many of them Aveta pay ped: lower leaves never typically t. B Sho ots mostly Pe from the tip of a decum- bent nodes few: leaves elliptie to ovate: calyx avera zn Hs. 10 mm. lon ng. 10. P. ovata. Flowering shoots mostly arising from the UEM. nodes numerous: calyx averaging less than 10 ng. Gace in a corymb or broad corymbose panicle. u leayes lanceolate to ovate: calyx 6-11 mm. 11. P. carolina. Upper leaves linear to lanceolate: calyx 5-8 mm. long. Cymes in à narrow-conica 19. P. glaberrima. 1 or cylindrical panicle. 13. P. maculata. V. PANICULATA Hairs on the few opposite leaves, when present, coarse, and those on the inflorescence mos stly gland- -tipped: coro olla- tube me 1 included. 14. P. amplifolia, Hairs on the numerous SUD. opposite leaves, when present, fine those on the a. pointed or died gland- eed ted. 15. P. paniculata. corolla-tube pubescent: 1 or 2 stamens exs P. nivalis Lodd. Low evergreen shrub, with erect pubescent oe pes giandular m PS 10-20 em. tall: ‘leaf-blades sessile, up long an 4 mm. wide; blades linear-subu- late to pcm "elliptie: calyx-tube abou mm. and lobes 4 mm. long: corolla light- purple to white, the eye often dark-striate: 1-19 mm. lon bes cuneate to obovate, 8-15 . long, terminally entire or erose, or with a sinus to 0.5 (rarely 1 or d Henizii Nutt.]— (TRA1ILING- PH pen oak woods, pi oods scrub. in sterile and often rather acid grav- [7 hoi Ww, "i et oN o H Dow Bg un ^", ec. to Chap- an) and —Spr., occasionally fa 1 1 This m prob Zoly represents the ancestor of the next following, with which it is often eo a 2, P. subulata L. Low matted evergreen shrub with Er: erect pubescent, and in our range usually glandular, EE shoots 5—10 em. tall: leaves much s in the preceding, but rarely excee eding 15 mm. in d . in width: mm. long; a sinus ; sandy slopes, € often in cireumneutr al soil over calcareous or esi es, in p tal Plain only northward, N. C. and E Tenn. t Mich., n Ont and N. cci and occasionally fall—Presumably a descen- dant from P. ‘nivalis, exhibitin ng its greater specialization in the more densel matted stems, more cons n S, re stamens and style—P. Brittonii Small, differing from typieal P. subulata in the pale-lilac or white eorolla with deeper sinuses in the lobes, was ineluded in SE. U.S., but is not now regarded as specifically distinet, nor as growing within our area. DEP ee NEL" A V———————1 POLEMONIACEAE 1103 3. P. bifida Beck. Trailing subevergreen shrub, with long ascending flower- ing shoots; the young ev pia to glandular a leaf-blades 5 mm. wide, sessile, up to i . lon t ear to lanceolate: calyx-tube bout 4 mm. cae ; dus slightly shorter corolla iu HE white, dm eye faintly panty as 9-1 m. long; nearly as long, = with a S 2-6 mm. dee Mire -PHLOX.)— ` Ex ee osed slopes and cliffs in rocky or aa sterile soil, ‘Gentral Lowland and uer came d adj. provinces, Tenn. to N Okla., E Kans., Iowa, and SW Mich.—Spr.—P2. Stellaria A. Gra ay, with glabrate Zs s d pube Pu young EUN appears. not pe be specifically distinct.— Neen usually cultivated under the name P. Stellaria is a garden form of P. po lat 4. P. divaricata L. Plant in an s -mat, with the lower leaves dii du. the erect flowering shoots up to 50 c . tall: leaf BEA se oni or ne 80, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or ovate, a to 5 em. long EE ide: ibat E calyx-tube about 4 mm. long; lobes end what longer: corolla of mauve to a violet hues, ranging to white, the eye faintly violet- striate; tube 10- 16 mm. long, glabrous; Eu pcd hs obovate, ad ieee length, ae. add apiculate, or with a s as uch as 2 m eep -— (BLUE- PHLOX.)—Rich woods, often n cireumneutral soil over a duas various provinees, rarely Coastal Plai N Fla. to E rs e pus , W Que., and N Vt.—Spr.—The flower of this spec con- sistently of a Huish color than those of any other Sea —Several eae gar- den forms and hybrids with other species are in cultivati osa L. Plant gata: the ge up to 60 em. rand Lip or did 10 c nd i Ww the eye times purple- striate; tube 10-18 mm. long, glabrous or pubescent; lobes obovate, variable i , entire, erose, mucronulate or apiculate — (Downy- -PHLOX.)— Open oods, hammocks, barrens, thickets, and prairies, often in sterile soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. S Man., S Ont., and W Conn.—Spr. -early sum. or all h Sm maintained as specifically distinct. P. glutinosa Buckl. is regarded as a hy- brid between this species and P. divaricata. 6. P.floridana Benth, Plant tufted, the stems up to 80 cm. tall, glabrous below the inflorescence; leaf-blades sessile, up to 10 em. long and 7 mm. wide, linear : VE the upper gra peu Shortened and T de a termin al corymb, glandu ular-pubescent ; /ealyx-tube and lobos 4—6 mm Arun one ee diua tube 15-20 mm pm en obo: vate, entire oft ten larger than the n ext preceding : species — (FLORIDA PHLox.)— — Sterile EH thickets, and swamp-margins, NW Fla. aids adj. Ala. and Ga.—Blooms about a month later than P. pilosa, in early summer.—One - of the most restricted in area of all our oxes, Someti mes some to grade toward P. pilosa, but usually quite distinct in aspec 7. P. oena Sims. Plant in an open-mat, with the lower pus: evergreen, Pu purplish beneath, the flowering shoots u up.to 30 em. tall: leaf-blades sessile, up to 5 em. long and to 8 m mm. wide, the (tuts spatulate but. the majority linear- -elliptie to LB par bu B pare lanceolate to elliptic: calyx-tube 4-5 m ong; lobes of t me slightly PES length: corolla Diui. pale-violet, lilac. white, the eye fain 1104 POLEMONIACEAE striate; tube 12-16 mm. long, glabrous or puberulent; lobes Lu 8-11 mm. terminally entire, undu late, or mu cronulate.— (HAIRY x.)—Open ENS he a hybrid between P. uoa lata and P. stolonifera, with gland- ti pped re md long stamens and s —P. Lighthipei Small, with flowering shoots up to 50 cm. tall and often D leaves may not be specifically distinct. P. mmondii Hook. Stem NU pe up to 40 em. tall, pubescent with nee mier hairs: leaf-blades up to 9 em. long and to 15 mm. wide, sessile, the lower opposite and qudd and "uic upper alternate, and lanceolate to elliptic, conspicuously aw tipped: cymes corymbosely compound: calyx- tube 4-5 mm. and lobes 4—7 mm. long: corolla rose-red to purple, rt and adj. la. and — Spr on has produced in this species hundreds of Es “of varying types of corolla-lobing, and numerous different colors. 9. P. stolonifera Sims. Plant dense mat, with decumbent evergreen sterile iid rooting freely at ie ‘nodes, and erect deciduous eae m cent flowering shoots up to 30 em. tall: f-blades up to 8 em. long and 2 wide, obovate- -spatulate to elliptic- ise eyme simple or eben com- pou yx-tube about 5 mm. long; lobes as long or somewhat shorter: o bright-purple, o or pes white, the eye a E tube 20-25 mm. long; lobes 10-12 mm. long. [P. reptans cag (CRE G-PHLOX.)— Woods, in P pU and slightly acid soils, Blue ge, Appalachian Plateau and rarely adj. provinces, Ga. to Ohio and Pa. me iim ough o ceurcung pr. locally in large ure for dd [ds repeated rooting of the E shoots; hav ing developed the ability to apre E. itself in this manner, it produces Bed only sparin xe 10. P. a L. Plant in an open-mat, ea 1 pod leaves somewhat per- ee des the glabrate flowering- -shoots up t tall; leaf-blades up to 10 em. long and to 4 em. wide, the lower BE "middle petioled, the upper sub- Sio elliptic to A or ovate: cyme simple eorymbosely compound: ealyx-tube 6-8 mm. and lobes 3-5 mm. Th tU toa or rarely white, the eye slightly striate; tube 18-23 mm. long; ; lobes 10-15 mm. long.— (MouNTAIN-PHLOX.)—Thicke ts and open woods, rather acid soil, higher ee to — dcs an ~ 24 New England Upland, Ga. to E Ind. E r.— —Spee s lacking the decumbent stems tipped s Deu a p are difficult to distinguish aon the next-following species, which this is probably ancestra 11. P. carolina L. Plant tufted, puberulent or sometimes nDe the stems up E^ oo ee und em. x often purple- e leaf-blades up to 12 em and 35 vide, t ower linear but the upper usually o ously pee elliptic lanceolate T vate: cymes in a pe mb or broad eorym- bose paniele, exeeptiona ally conical: calyx-tube usually £6 mm. and lobes 2.5- . long: a de m 4.5 ate; tube 15- 26- mm. ps lobes 7-15 mm. long.—(THICK-LEAP PHLOX.)—Open woods and occasionally meadows, in subacid soil, chiefly in the Blue Ridge and EM EY Ed but oeeasionally in Pie 'dmont or even Coastal Plain, to Miss., S Ind. and W Md.—Late spr.-fa ali. —Represents an apparent intermediate a Nos. 10, 12 and 13, and grades into them in some col- onies. 12. P. glaberrima L. Plant tufted, glabrous or essentially so, the stems all erect, up to 60 (rarely 100) cm. tall: leaf-blades up to 15 em. long and to 15 SOLANACEAE 1105 mm. wide, often numerous aaah ges below, remote above, obscurely peti- oled, linear to lanceolate: cymes in a corymb or short, ae orgie interrupted panicle: ee x-tube 3- nn mm inem the dee: somewhat horte i olla a ae often pale thou ugh pud white, the eye faintly e tube yee . lon lobes variable in length — (S) MOOTH-PHLOX.)—-Roadsides, a and “open woods, various provinces, Fla. to E Tex., Wise. an a SE Va.—Late spr.— P. maculata L. Plant tufted, the erect stems up to 125 cm. tall, often purple-streaked: leaves numerous but scarcely n geris subsessile, sca- brous- silicate, AE to 12 em. long and to 25 (rare y 35) m . wide, linear to ovate: eym a panicle 3-80 em. d its bdo exceptionally eects the subtendime 1 leaves: ealyx-tube 4-5 mm. and lobes 2.5-3.5 mm. long: e purple to white, the eye faintly striate; tube 18-24 mm. long; lobes 8-10 m long.—(MxApow PHLox. —Damp thickets, d and moist open CRUS in circumneutral soil, various provinces, N. o E , Minn, S. Que., and W Conn.—Late spr —early fall.—The purple streaks on the stem, althou ugh often striking, are not diagnostic for this spec n some occurrences, especially those with white flowers, they are oue while oiher r species of "the genus, and in partieular P. carolina, of which P. maculata appears to be a direct ep Eg. may be o streaked. The non- recognition of this fact has led to many erroneous reports of the occurrence of this species in our region, whereas dt seems to be one of the rarest. 14. P. amplifolia Britton. Plant tufted, the stems up to 125 em. tall, often purple-streaked: leaves up to 18 em. lo wide, with short broad petioles widening abruptly into d bois blades ee te or usually hirsute with coarse hairs above, and e-pubescent bene mes in a fair large subeorymbose panicle, the puse subtending its purs branches ch reduced and the bractlets very small: calyx-tube lob bout as long: corolla pale-purple or rarely white; tube about 2 long; lobes 9 mm g.— EAF PHLOX.)— Open woods and thickets, various provi of Coastal Plain, t S Ind., and x S ly fall.—This Speeies has been confused with the next following, and was no doubt derived from the same ancestor, but is quite distinct in asp 15. P. paniculata L. ped tufted, the stems up to 150 em. tall: leaves numer- ous, rather crowded, often subopposite: blades somewhat petioled, undu- late-margined, glabron S or ‘puberulent, up to 18 em. long and 4 (rarely 5) em. wide, elliptic: es in orymbose panicle 5-35 em. long, the branches often exceeding ie subtending leaves, the braetlets rather conspicuous: ealyx-tube Hn and lobes 3-6 mm. long: corolla purple to white, the eye often distinct; long; pus 9-11 mm. long.—(PERENNIAL GARDEN-PHLOX.)— T hickets along streams and damp woods, often in ecireumneutral soil, vario provinces, N Ga. to Miss., E Nebr., and S N. Y.—Sum.-fall.—P. pan nicula m is extensively cultivated, the majority of the garden forms of perennial phlox aving arisen from it or its hybrids with other species, and a escapes. —P. acuminata Pursh., with the leaves copiously soft- To beneath and CACATE on the stem as angles, may not be specifically distinc Famity 6. SOLANACEAE — Porato FAMILY Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed or o Calyx of 5, (4-6), more or less united sepals. Corolla o (4-6), more or less united petals. Androecium of 5, (4-6), stamens, the filaments ud adnate to n corolla-tube. Gynoecium 2-ca ary or 3-5-carpellary. Fruit a berry or a ae ule.—About 75 genera and I 150 species, ne abundant in A tropics 70 1106 SOLANACEAE Fruit a ber Corolla. S llcatas lobes usually induplieate. Corolla little, if at an pii cate; lobes imbricate, valvate, or he lower part of the corolla-tube : ate. r part- om the corolla- : stamens pibus turgid: stamens include Fruit a capsu Capsule prickie-armed: calyx circumscissile at the base. Capsule unarmed: calyx not circumscissile. oy rs in racemes or panicles: filaments nearly equal Flowers atte in the axils or opposite the leaves: fila- nts unequal in length. I. SOLANEAE Berry enclosed in e acerescent calyx. C e Roca fr n La anthers not connected; sacs Berry seated in the little a dab S axospeionali» en- Ad: ed in species of Solanum) : con anthers eonnate or erging. dur sacs commonly opening by terminal To or slits. Anther-sacs opening lengthwise and introrsely. II. CAP AE Anthers converging around the pe „corolla. urceolate. Anthers not converging: corolla ro a Poss Shrubs with herbaceous or suceder. leaves. IV. CESTREA Shrubs or trees: flowers in axillary clusters, pom aggre- gated in a terminal panicle or corymb. V. DAT Herbs, shrubs, or trees, usually jd Sono flowers often fragrant, the corolla usually shov VI. p IANE Herbs, nm e with p clainmy-pubescent stems ed ues es: flowers few or the icles or ra VII. PETUNIEAE Herbs with elammy-pubescent stem and leaves: nelform, showy. 1. PHYSALODES Boehm. Annual herbs. Flowers axillary, nodding. corolla fun- surrounded by the pcd m species. 1. P. Physalodes (L.) Bri m. nearly glabrous, 3-9 d WA ovate, oval, or elliptie, 5-15 em. late-l r sinuate: 15.€ becoming 3.5 em. long: lobes broadly ovate: corolla blue or violet, about 2.5 berry 1.5-2 em. ‘dia meter. ' Physalodes Pers.] — (APPLE-OF-PERU.)— UR Fence-rows, waste-grounds various nee Ala. to Miss. and S Can Nat. of Peru.—Sum. I. SOLANEAE. II. CAPSICEAE. III. ATROPEAE. IV. CESTREAE. V. DATUEREAE. VI. NICOTIANEAE. VII. PETUNIEAE. 1. PHYSALODES. 2. PHYSALIS. 3. ANDROCEBA. 4. SOLANUM. 5. LYCOPERSICON. 6. PERIZOMA. 7. CAPSICUM. 8. LYCIUM. 9. CESTRUM. 10. DATURA. 11. NICOTIANA. 12. PETUNIA. Leaf-blades sinuate or lobed. x acerescent: lobes cordate or sagittate con- SOLANACEAE 1107 2. PHYSALIS L. Annual or perennial branching, often diffuse herbs. Leaf-blades entire or sinuate. wers axilary, nodding, mostly solitary. Calyx bladder-like at maturity: lobes short and conver d Corolla cam- panulate, mainly yellow or whitish, often dark in the cen Ovary 2-celled. Berry globular, enclosed in the papery calyx.—About 80 species, oa Ameri- can.—Sum., or all year S.—GROUND-CHERRIES. JERUSALEM-CHERRIE Annual plants, with much branched roots Fruiting calyx sharply 5-angled, deeply sunken at the base: calyx-lobes at flower- g time fully as long as the tube. I. PUBESCENTES. l in m Fruiting calyx obtusely or indistinctly 5- or 10-angled: calyx-lobes at flowering time epee than the tube (except sometimes in P. Carpenteri). Leaf-blades acute: flowers solitary in the axils. II, ANGULATAE. Leaf-blades rae aod sud often pieces III. CARPENTERIANAE. Perennial plants, with horizontal r ubescence of simple Dur Pu A dS sparse, Seldom if at all glandular or vis- IV. LANCEOLATAE. Pubescence ag viscid or glandular, generally a re of fine short hairs and long flat-jointed oe ones. Pubescence mainly of stellate hairs. VI. VISCOSA z PUBESCENTES Plants more or less viscid pubescent. Fruiting calyx not long- a leaf-blades very oblique. Leaf-blades ovate, subentire at the base: stem slen- der, diffuse, sharply angled. 1. P. pubescens. Leaf- blades cordate, strongly sinuately toothed to the' bas stem obtusely angled. henge. broadly rounded, cordate, 2-5 em. long: stem weak, diffuse 2. P. floridana. Leaves elongated, cordate: 4-10 em. long: stem out. 3. P. pruinosa. ruitin calyx long-acuminate: leaf-blades scarcely . oblique at the base, cordate, abruptly acuminate. 4. P. barbadensis. Plants glabrous or puberulent when young. b. P. turbinata. II. ANGULATAB Plant Dae and more or less viscid. 6. P. missouriensis. Plant glabrou 7 P. angulata. III. CARPENTERIANA Plant resembling that of Solanum nigrum in habit, p leaf- blades thin. 8. P. Carpenteri. IV. LANCEOLATAE Leaves glabrous: upper part of the stem, calyx and veins of the leaves with few, if any, Short appressed hairs. 9. P. subglabrata. Leaves pu. stem sparingl hairy with longer, flat, spread- in reflexed, oiten jointed, hairs (some of the g pac cics ae slightly viscid). Fruiting calyx ovoid, scarcely angled and scarcely sunken at the base: leaf-bladcs thick, subentire. 10. P. lanceolata. Fruiting calyx pyramidal, more or less 5-angled and E sunken ka the base: leaf-blades thin. Fruiting calyx oid-pyramidal: leaf-blades nose ovate or Joco A tapering at the ds Leaf-blades more or less Eu dent dec. Calyx strigose or puberu : 11. P. virginiana. Calyx villous. 12. P. monticola. Leaf-blades subentire or wavy margined. Leaf-blades firm: plant not at all viscid. 13. P. rigida. gear oe very thin: plant more or less vis- above when youn 14. P. intermedia. Fruiting Cale oblong-pyrami idal or nearly cylindrical: m oo ades broadly ovate, truncate or cordate at Leaf- blades rather firm, reticulate: stem and leaves puberulent. 15. P. arenicola. 1 Contributed by the late Per Axel Rydberg. 1108 SOLANACEAE Leaf-blades very thin, the veins not prominent: stem and leaves pilose. 6. P. ciliosa. V. HETEROPHYLLAE Leaf- pns generally over 5 e Pees more or less cordate. ded. X, and teeth of the fou es ro T. P. sinuata. 4 es and aia (if any) of the leaves acutish to acu- mina Stem dsi and leaves more sparingly pubescent with very long (2 mm. or m white hairs. Stem erect: anthers purple: f-blades rounded or subeordate at the base. 8. P. ambigua. Stem spreading: anthers yellow : um blades usu- ally cuneate or acute a e bas . P. nyctaginea. Stem and leaves very doncc nhe cent with short, very viscid hairs: anthers yellow. 20. P. heterophylla. Leaf- blades generally 5 cm. long or less : stem with long ha 6. P. ciliosa. VISCOSAE Plants densely ar ae pubescent or grayish pubescent. Hairs all stella Le af-bl ru p reniform or round, angulately too 21. P. mollis. Leaf- blades elliptic, sometimes cordate at the base, to oblanceolate, subentire T repand. 22. P. viscosa. Hn: d simple, partly stellate: leaf-blades elliptic, ubenti 93. P.fuscomaculata. Plants uenis ne rous, except on the margins of the calyx- lobes, rarely stellate all over when young. Leaf-blades oblong, oblanceolate or spatulate, the lateral veins distin 24. P. Elliottii. Leaf-blades linear, thick; midrib prominent, the lateral veins obsol 25. P. angustifolia. 1. P. pubescens L. Stem more or less villous and viscid: leaf-blades thin 2-6 ng, ovate, a minate, repand-denticulate or entire, pubescent, nate, m d id dunes, fields us pore es, Fla. — (IF. I., Mez., C. P De s d Rydb. Stem densely villous with long white viscid hairs: leaf-blades ipee cordate, 2-5 cm. le coarsely eolate, : corolla 6-8 mm. bro ad, B with purple spots: anthers purplish: fruiting calyx 2-2.5 em . long, 5-angled, deeply retuse at the base.—Pinelands and ham- moeks, Fla. a L. Stem more hairy and viscid than in the two preceding and the next follo owing species, stout, generally erect or often ascending, finely viscid: leaf-blades ovate- -cordate 3-10 em. long, finely pubescent, T nate: toothed; a villous or ua dad as long as the tube, narrow, but without subula te tips; corolla 3-8 road, yellow: anthers yellow or purplish: fruiting calyx of a little ier ne and more pubescent than that of the two preceding species, reticulate, ae em. long, ovoid-cor ~ Rich soil and sandy woods, various provinces, Fla. to Ala., Ia., and Mas SOLANACEAE 1109 P. barbadensis Jacq. Stem generally pubescent and viscid, stouter E those of P. pubescens, tall and ereet, or widely spreading: leaf- bla des 3-6 e long, cordate, acute or generally UE ly aeuminate, sharply repand- ds pubeseent with short hairs: ealyx rally pus viseid- art lobes Ecc late, acuminate, but not DUC (rir d a olla 5-10 m . broa d, yellow anthers purplish: pna calyx 2.5-3 em. long, i aln most conica 1 reticulate, retuse at the base.—Rich soil, often in a woods, and waste- -places, various provinces, Fla., to Tex, Mo., and Pa. alis Mena Ce A SeA) . turbinata Medie. Stem glabrous, or minutely puberulent when young a ; r : minutely cilia te on the m ee and veins or glabrate: calyx-lobes lanceolate, i corolla 8-10 mm. broad, yellow with purplish spots: fruiting calyx 3—3.5 em. lo nen long- p almost pyramidal, deeply retuse at the bas Rich MC and thickets, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Pa.—(W. I., Mex.) P. missouriensis Buch. Stem villous with short hairs, sometimes slightly viscid, spreading, often zigzag: leaf-blades 1-8 em. long, ovate, acute, ; ir villous; ular: olla 3-8 mm. broad, yellow, viua with a dark center: anthers generally yellow: fruiting ealyx = 5-2 em. long, globose-ov fee nearly filled with the berry, not nen at the bas [P. Lagascae Rydb. n t R. & S.]—Rieh soil and open woods, Coastal Plain, Pla. and Ala.—(W. I. een | P. angulata L. Stem glabrous, often diffuse: leaf-blades ovate, 4—7 em. long, B a more or less euneate base, sharply sinuate, with acuminate teeth, thin: calyx glabrous; lobes t TM to lanceolate, generally shorter than the tube: ee olla 5- a em. br ie yellow: hne more or less purplish: fruiting ealyx about a . long, o oid, not pro ently 5—10 angled, sometimes purple- nerved and a ene th eae filled with | the yellow Pr em h soil, er and pastures, various provinces, rarely ai is Plain, Fla. / Min and W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A., O. W.)—Forms occur in S dnd with je to laneeolate sinuate leaf- blades. 8. P. Carpenteri Riddell. Stem aes anes and finely Despite leaf- blades very thin, oval or a abrup ntracted into a mination, entire or sligh tly et rly gla 2 or puber A A e don. 1 em. broad, open-campanulate: ms x d only 1 . in diameter, nearly globose, scarcely angled, faintly nerved, the lobes Someries very unequal.— Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to La. and Ark. 9. P. subglabrata Mackenzie & Bush. Stem glabrous or sparingly hairy, especially ppl with short appressed hairs: leaf-blades ovate ovate-lanceo- late, 2.5—7.5 em. long, undulate or entire, oblique and diapers d or Pu acum : the bas se, gla oe ous or with a few scattered hairs on the veins: calyx 6-8 m long, appressed-hairy o n the veins and at the base; cs triangular, ‘about the length of the tube: ET tron with a e 10—15 . bro fruiting ealyx ovoid, slightly depressed at the base, pos iue MES soil roadsides, fields, pu M -bottoms, bn provinees N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ark., Nebr., Ont. P. lanceolata Michx. Stem sparingly hirsute with flat hairs, at first erect, later spreading or diffuse: leaf-blades broadly oblanceolate or spatulate, taper ing into the petiole, acute or obtuse, nearly always entire, rarely wavy, but n 1110 SOLANACEAE sinuate-toothed, thickish, sparingly pubescent with short hairs: calyx strigose or villous, rarely gla rl us; lobes triangular-lanceolate: corolla dullish- shaadi with a s cen about 1.5 em. broad: fruiting calyx round-ovoid, sunken at the base, ponas 10-angled.—Prairies, bluffs, and sandy si sides, Sm bicis rarely Coastal Plain, S. C. to N. Mex., Wyo., and Ill. 11. P. virginiana Mill Stem pubescent with appressed hairs, sometim somewhat glandular, or in some forms nearly glabrous: lea -blades Sa re o inces, Fla. to La., Colo., Man., and ( 12. P. monticola C. Mohr. Stem strigose below, villous above with simple flat jointed hairs: leaf-blades ovate, oval, or elliptie, 2-6 em. long, repand, with the teeth obtuse or rarely aeutish, slender- -petioled: calyx villous; lobes Bod laneeolate: corolla dingy-yellow, with a purplish center: anthers pale-yellow: fruiting calyx ovoid, acuminate, obtusely 5-angled, dee osly sunken at the base.— Exposed gravelly or "rocky places, Piedmont to Appalachian Plateau, Ala. 19; P. rigida Pollard & Ball. ae strict, more or less branching, hispid- ia with flat hairs, especially above: leaf- blades firm, ovate-lanceolate, argined, densely pubescent when young, tapering at both ends: calyx Pub with flat hairs, especially on the veins and at the base: lobes tri- em. wide a lla 1-1. nearly glabrous, obscurely 10-ang 2,5-3 em. long, somewhat retuse at the base.—Roadsides and waste- ud tx Plain, Miss. to La., Ark., and Tenn 14. P. intermedia Rydb. Stem with pe hairs and somewhat viscid, prend cute, 4— on the upper parts: leaf-blades ovate or ovate- lan ipid . long, often d. at e Rs slightly Bu othed or a entire, a thin, light green, puber or glabrate: ealyx puberulent or pur s lobes broadly lanceokate, buds t mE the tube: corolla sulphur-yellow with purplish spots, oad: anthers yellow: fruiti ng calyx ovoid, slightly 5-angled and slightly sunken E the base.—Thickets and dry hillsides, various provinces, Fla. , ind., 15. P. arenicola Kearney. Stem diffuse, light- E p but sometimes a little glandular, with a m longer hairs on the es of the calyx: leaf- blades relatively 'small, 1.5-6 em. long, but som Pon 8 em., ovate-cordate, truneate or cuneate at the A irregularly i ied -dentate, puberulent, mainly along the veins, which are generally prom ent and conspicuous; deuda -lobes iio leer ages veal equalling the tube in “len = corolla 1.5-2 em. broad, light yellow: an yellow: fruiting calyx 3 ong, narrowly ps or t ye rather ellipsoid ae midal or nearly eylindrie, cons cues i cutn —Pine- lands, serub, sandhills, and Ee Gan Fla. 6. P. ciliosa Rydb. Stem upright, 2-3 dm. tall, together with the eee and ealyxes ciliate with long and white jointed hairs: leaf-blades 4-7 cm. long, ovate, truncate or slightly cordate at the base, nearly entire or with a few coarse teeth, sparsely hairy on the nerves, long-petioled, thin and not eonspicu- x turbi ing enic j S : ealy ng that o more : corola funnelform-eampanulate, yellow without dark markings: fruiting ealyx ovoid-pyramidal, sunken at the base.—Thickets, hammocks, and borders f woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tenn. and Ga. SOLANACEAE . 1111 17. P. sinuata Rydb. Stem decumbent, villous with long flat hairs and den viscid: leaf- cds rounded ovate, very obli ique at the base and often subcordate pubescent with long flat hairs especially on n the veins, ap aie, undulate-sinu ate: calyx densely koran with flat hairs and viscid; lobes ra en Ps -lanceolate, about equalling the tube: corolla ee with darker spots: fruiting calyx and berry unknown. and: (?), Fla. 18. P. ambigua (A. Gray) Britton. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, light green, villous wit g flat s: leaves with the finer pubescence sparse; blades over 5 long, thin, light-green, 2s scarcely at all viscid, ovate or cordate, somewhat sinuately d or ne entire, acute, but l minate: calyx villous; i oothe | lobes triangular, gen nu shorter than the tube: corolla 1.5-2 em. broad, yellow with ae E ; wed generally purple: fruiting calyx ovoid, somewhat sunken se.—Rich soil, especially in thickets, various provinces N of Coastal "Plain Tenn. to ls. ES and Va. E a Niue ago Dunal. Stem puberulent and villous with long flat hairs hat viscid, generally zigzag: ie Sa Ms Lips ovate, often obligue, but LAM rarely cordate at the bas r less acu mu , mostly entire, or occasionally sinuately dentate and Pc thick, preise hairy, not at all pube PIRE the long hair rs often confined to the veins of the lower sur- face: ealyx villous; lobes triangular, shorter Ue the tube: corolla 1-1.5 em. broad, yellow with darker d anthers yellow: fruiting calyx ovoid, 5-angled d sunken at the base.—Dry soil, often in pinelands, various provinces, Ga. to La., Ia., and R. I 20. P. heterophylla Nees. Stem erect, or later generally decumbent and spreading, viscid and glandular, villous with moderately long, jointed flat hairs: leaf-blades generally over 5 cm. long, gen erally broadly eordat e, pid acute u y rarely with a t S e long-villous; lobes triangular, generally shorter than the tube: d —1.5 em. broad, yellowish: anthers yellow: fruiting calyx 2.5-5 em. long, ovoid to conic- "pend jon hut sunken at the base.—Woods, sandy ui and alluvial banks, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Sask., and N. B.—Plan 5 with leaves up to 10 em. in diameter sometimes occur on the Florida m 21. P. mollis Nutt. Stem 3- 6 em. ugh densely whitish- or grayish-tomen- tose with stellate aba leaf-blades rounded cordate or the upper broadly ovate, coarsely sinuately toothed: calyx Te ely stellate; pu zu gen- erally a little shorter than the tube: eorolla 1.5-2 n dia , bright- yellow and with a purplish center, more or less stellate. ‘pubescent M Bon: anthers Pat or tinged with purple: b cR 3-5 em. long, ovoid, acumi- nate, slightly 5 -angled a nd a little sunken at the base. ~ thickets, oo Da and pinelands, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and EM i 22. P. viscosa L. Stem slender, creeping, einereous with a dense stellate rds cence or in age rarely glabra ate : leaf-blades elliptie, oval, or ovate, obtuse, thinnish, entire or undulate calyx. stellate-pubescent; lobes triangular, gen- erally shorter than the tube: Nos E x with a darker center, 1.5-2 em. broad: fruiting calyx 2-2.8 em. long, rounded-ovoid, scarcely sunken at the base.—Coastal sand-dunes, eae woods near the coast, pinelands and prairies, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) 23, P. fuscomaculata De Rouv. Stem decumbent or ascending, terete, with decurrent ridges, a little pruinose. ud leaf-blades 2—4 cm. long, ovate, some what oblique at the base, entir repand, the upper often opposite: calyx pruinose, a little stellate iud stellate. ciliate; lobes triangular, shorter than the 1112 SOLANACEAE bed corolla yellow, with a dark eye: fruiting calyx subglobose, 10-angled, mewhat sunken at the base.—Waste-plaees and ballast, Mobile, Ala. Nat. of ee 24. P. Blliottii Kunze. Stem ascending d ad ene or glabrate, 3-5 dm. tall sparingly stellate-pubescent when young: leaf-blades very thin and nA elliptic, d broadly oblan E or in [sariani om ens bro 2 val, wavy-margined, Rees inged petiole: calyx generally glabrous pO the margin which is ine ciliate: il triangular: corolla broad, yellow, with dark center: fruiting c ealyx generally a little a pons in the next following species.—Coastal sand dunes and pinelands, Fla. to Tex 25. P. angustifolia Nutt. Stem often glabrous, or em ms i young, diffusely branched: rp iq linear or linear-ob ing into the petiole, n thiekish; the veins, except the midrib, a d lete: ealyx glabro xcept n — ciliate margins of the rounded tri- angular lobes: corolla pues 2 em. broad, yellow, with purple center: anthers i l; yellow: fruiting calyx small, 1.5-2 em. long, ovoid, obscurely angled and scarcely sunken K the base. — Sea- beaehes and eoastal sand-dunes, Fla. to La. ANDROCERA Nutt. Annual herbs, usually prickle-armed. Leaf- blades once or twice pinnatifid. Flowers in erect cymes. Calyx spreading, accrescent, densely prickly. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed, yellow, purple, or violet. Stamens 5: anthers very unequal, the lowest one much the longest, all opening by terminal pores. Berry dry, closely invested by the calyx.— ` Three or 4 species, in western North America. A. rostrata a Rydb. Herbaceous S- ate ine ovate ee lanceolate, shorter than the tube: berry enclosed. [Solanum rostratum Dunal. re -BUR. )—Waste Ed roadsides, and along railroads, various provinees, 2 to N. Mex. Wyo. i N. Dak., and Tenn. ; Adv. eastward ‘to Fla. and N. H.—(Mez.)—Spr. -fa l. OLANUM [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs, or vines or trees. Leaf- L P entire, od or lobed. Flowers variously clustered. Calyx sometimes slightly accrescent. Corolla rotate, of various colors: lobes longer than the tube. Anthers narrow, converging or united, much longer than the filaments. Berry exposed.—About 1,000 species, widely distributed, most abundant in tropical America.—NIGHTSHADES. Woody, at least partly so, vine, with climbing often twining stem and branches. I. DULCAMARA. Herbs or erect shrubs or trees, rarely somewhat twining in amense. Annual RUN. perennial herbs. An "Plants not prickly. II. NIGRA. Plants prickly. Corolla plicate in the bud: plant annual. III. SISYMBRIIFOLIA. SOLANACEAE 1113 rolla not plicate: plant perennial. IV. ACULEATISSIMA. Perennials, ee -armed. V. CAROLINENSIA Shrubs or tre Plants E Oron VI. GLAUCA. Plants ee i. Cymes o ng peduncles: berries nodding: anne tapering at the apex. VII. BAHAMENSIA. Cymes on erect peduncles or Pa i berries erect: anthers blunt at the apex. IIT. VERBASCIFOLIA. Cymes terminal: anthers short, ellipsoid. Cyines lateral: anthers Jong, nearly linear. IX. TORVA. I. DULCAMAR Eo entire and ovate to lanceolate or with 2 sal lobes or divisions: berries in drooping clusters. 1. S. Dulcamara. NIGRA Foliage glabrous or nearly so: cörolla 6-8 mm. broad: calyx- lobes spreading at maturity. 2. S. nigrum. Foliage puberulent or finely pubescent: corolla 8-10 mm. al es appressed to the berry. Stem and branches sparingly Doos pubescent. 3. S. gracile. Stem and branches villous-tomentos 4. S. alatum. III. SISYMBRIIFOLIA Rather coarse plant: stem, branches, leaves, and calyx MEN armed with flat yellow or yellowish prickles. 5. S. sisymbriifolium. IV. ACULEATISSIMA sei ace acute: corolla less than 3 em. wide, glabrous ith few long hairs without: “lobes lanceolate: calyx AA 6. S. aculeatissimum. un obtuse: corolla over 8 em. wide, tomentulose ithout; lobes deltoid: calyx tomentulose. 7. S. Melongena. CAROLINENS Foliage green or brown: uode broad: fcd stout, much flattened. Corolla 2-2.5 cm. wide: pedicels and calyx prickly: berry 1-1.5 cm. in diameter. Leaf- blades undulate or angulately lobed. 8. S. carolinense. Leaf-blades pinnatifid. 9. S. floridanum. Corola 4-5 em. wide: pedicel and calyx not prickly: berry 2.5-4 cm. in diameter 10. S. perplezum. Foliage Fives leaf-blades narrow: prickles slender, not flattened. 11. S. elaeagnifolium. VI. GLAUCA Corolla 11-14 mm. wide: berry mainly over 1 cm. thick: leaf-blades with pale margins. 12. S. Pseudo-capsicum. Corola 25-30 mm. wide: berry mainly less an 1 cm. thick: leaf-blades without distinct mar rgin 13. S. glaucum. VII. BAHAMENSIA Shrub or rarely a vine, with prickly stems and branches, and often with prickles on the more or less harshly pubescent leave 14. S. bahamense. VIII. VERBASCIFOLIA Corolla-lobes ovate to oval-ovate: ovary pubescent: berry yellow 15. S. verbascifolium. Corolla-l lobes linear linear-lanceolate or lanceolate: ovary glabrous: berry red. 16. S. Blodgetti. IX. ToR Corolla 15—20 mm. wide: leaf- blades NIS enin 17. S. torvum. Corolla 8-14 mm. wide: leaf-blades nearly sessile by cuneate base. 18. S. jamaicense. 1. S. Duicamara L. Partially ee climber: leaf-blades ovate, 3-10 em. long, entire or with 1 or 2 basal lobes, thin: corolla white or purple, 8-10 mm long; lobes lanceolate to elliptic- doce ate: berry oval, 9—15 mm. lo ong.—(Brr- TERSWEET.)—-Roadsides, thickets, and waste- es various ‘provinces rarely 1114 SOLANACEAE o Plain, Ga. to Kans. , Minn., and N. B. of Eu. —Sum.—fall. L. Herbaceous annual, 1-12 dm tall: leaf-blades ipid to e ‘ovate, eeply repand: Q Qu 58 a k. (COMMON E.) — Fiel thickets, cult. POEM and waste- -places, various prov- inces, U. S. om S Bi ccn d , Mez., C. 4. S. 4. O. ] J.)—Spr.- S. gracile Link. Herbaceous annual, lu dm pen s blades lanceolate to o d or ellipte- ovate, 2.5-11 em. long, u paca repand: e ealyx-lobes fully 1.5 mm. long: ate white ee bluish oe lanceolate . elliptic-lanceolate: berry sub- globose, 6-10 meter r, blaek.—Pinelands, coastal sand-dunes, and Mesa cem near a coe Fla. to Ta and N. C.—Spr.-fall, or all year south- ard. S. 8 dm em unu leaf- hades een suborbic ular, 1-4 em. long, obtuse or acute, coarsely eua ipu long-petioled: calyx Ei pubescent; lobes ovate, about as long as the tube: cor rolla Bea about 8 mm. wide; lobes ovate, ciliate: berry scarlet, 7 A mm. diamete = BORES cult. grounds, and waste- places, N Fla. —Nativity uc um Moe Annual, erect, villous disse. Stems mostly 2- lon Ss. sisymbriifolium Lam. Herbaceous annual 3-7 dm. tall, villous: leaf- blades elliptic to oval in outline dune -pinnatifid, 8-20 em. long: calyx spinescent; id lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long: ws white or light-blue, 3-4 cm. uve lobes ovate: gynoeci ium aee ent: berr E 5-20 mm: in diameter, red.—Was te places, Mute and river- od Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., and contiguous regions Nat. of S. Am.—(W. I.) 6. S. aculeatissimum Jacq. Partially woody perennial 3-8 dm. tall, often sparingly pubescent: leaf- ae pu to suborbieular in outline, angulately othed or sinuate-pinnatifid, m. long: poe copiou n spinescent: lobes iq iE to elliptic- E. or yeu about 2 mm. long: ded white, 12-18 — lobes S e: gynoecium Dogs "berr | g 6e in diam eter, s s ange, or Er ODE -APPLE.)— Sandy ai, M thickets, pur S. des roadsides, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Bus N. C.— —(W. I., Mex , C. A,, Spr.—fall. d S. Melon zena L. Partially woody cee or perennial, 3-9 dm. tall, felty- mentose: leaf-blades oval to ovate, 8-30 cm. long, sinusted lobed or shallowly BR ate- lobed: ealyx-lobes ovate, abruptly pointed, 9. paces m. long, pubescent: corolla purplish or violet, except the yellow eye, 40—50 . wide; lobes deltoid: berry ellipsoid or obovoi id, 5-30 em. long, ZETA Or gs ' edible.— ( Ecc- PLANT. )—Cult. grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. of Old World trop. all. . S. carolinense L. Herbaceous perennial, 2- d dm. tall, hirsute or rough- pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic to ovate in outline, 5— 12 cm. lon ng, sinuate or deri sinuate-lobed, the lobes Ae a triangular E calyx spin ra lobes lance late, often narrowly so, acuminate: corolla violet ps rarely white, 25—30 wide; lobes : berry glo a lar, 10-15 mm. in diameter, orange- ‘yellow. Hoe -NETTLE. 7) thickets fields, and roadsides, various provinces, Tex., and Ont.— ee ee es te ts ee es et nee A oe ee ade RR eS eB ee _ ns SOLANACEAE 1115 9. S. floridanum Shuttlw. Similar to S. pii in habit: es Seni ; t oblong-lanceolate: gynoecium pubescent: berry globular, E mm. in diameter, orange.—Sandy soil, iu in a. Fla.—Spr.-fall S. perplexum ie e perennial, 5-8 dm. tall, villous-hirsutu- ows leaf- Dea ovate or oval in outli e, prominently sinuate- lobed, mostly 5-20 . long, the lobes broadly ovate to ma ngular: calyx oye lobes a to ace vere eolate: corolla I Or r nearly whit te, 35-40 mm. wide; lobes ovate: berry depressed- ier , 30-40 mm. in en Pda yellow. * Pine. lands and cult. pee Coastal Plain, N Fla. "CE S Ga. u 11. S. elaeagnifolium Cav. Partially woody perennial, 3-11 dm. tall, silvery- . ee. leaf- Be broadly elliptic to linear- le 0— s em. long, undulate or repan ealyx-lobes linear-subulate from a bro ba 4—10 mm. eorolla violet or Gren 2-25 mm. wide; lobes undulate, cach with a broad prn and an ovate or triangular tip: berry globular 0—15 mm. in diameter, yellow or black.— (WHITE HORSE-NETTLE .) —Roads ides, Rn Ends and waste-places, various provinees, Tex. to Ariz., Kans., and Mo. Naturalized E to Fla.—Spr.— all. Pseudo-capsicum L. Shrub 8-19 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptie to obiancelat, 3-10 em. long, undulate or repand: PE du n pede about m. long, eciliate: corolla white, 11-14 m deis. lobes oval to ovate-oval, E anthers elliptie: berry globose, 10— 15 m ae eee e. orange, or yellow.—(JERUSALEM-CHERRY.)— —Roadsides, thickets, and open w voods, Coas- tal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Na N of Eu. 13. S. m Dunal Woody uique. 9-25 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly Fee p elliptic: eee 8-18 em. long, glabrous, entire: calyx 5 dines lo onger wide, abruptly pointed, ciliate | at the tip: corolla blue, 25-3 eee roadly ovate, acute, ciliate at the tip: y glabrous: deben globose- void, 6— m. in diameter, PE — Waste- Aa Pensacola, Fla. Nat. S. Am. 14. S. bahamense L. Shrub with much-branched stem, 5-20 dm. tall: leaf- d elliptic to oaa F 4—12 cm. long, thinly rough pubescent, un- d alyx-lo to elliptic- er as long the tube shorter ment violet- d ub pale, 10-12 mm. wide ; M nens or "nearly so, acute or sages anthers linear: ovary glabrous : berry red, 6- n diame- ter.—Ham ~ and coastal sand-dunes, S pen. Fla. and Florida “Keys—_(V. I.)—All a 15. S. verbascifolium L. Shrub 4-30 dm. tall or small tree: leaf-blades ellip- tic to elliptic-ovate or ovate, 10-30 cm. long, uA “tomentose, entire: calyx- lobes ovate, cili ate, obtuse: corolla white, 15-18 mm. wide; lobes ovate to oval- ovate, aeutish, ciliate: uui ipe i i pubesce n berry globular, a 20 er, yellow.—(PoTATO-TREE. )— mocks, pinelan and road- in sides, pen. "Fla. and Florida Keys.— OF. T. Pos "C. A., S. A. ) —An ur 16. S. Blodgettii Me Shrub with simple or sparingly branehed stems, 3-38 dm es leaf-blades -~ often narrowly so, 5-15 cm. long, hoary- scurfy and t mentulose, undul calyx-lobes elliptic: corolla white or bluish, 14-17 ae ; lobes ‘linear fo linear lanceolate or 2s obtuse: anthers linear: ovary glabrous: berry red, mm. in diameter.—Hammocks and lime- sinks in UEM] nee Keys, adj. Eder "Fla. and Florida Keys.— OF. 1.) —A1 y 17. S. torvum ES Shrub with widely branched stems, the prickles straight or nearly so: leaf-blades oval, varying to ovate or obovat ate, irregularly sinuate- lobed, 7—25 cm. long: cymes mostly 5—10 em. wide: calyx-lobes ovate ds lanceo- 11160 SOLANACEAE late: corolla white, 10-20 mm. wide; lobes Des = ee, -lanceolate: 9-14 anthers 5-6 mm. long ovar labrous: berry yellov mm. in diameter.— ( TURKEY- mF Roadsides, waste-places, and A pen. Fla a. Nat. o W. L—(Mez., C. A., S. A.) —Spr.-fall. 18. S. jamaicense d Shrub with a much-branched stem and diffuse m armed with flat somewhat curved prickles: leaf-blades ovate, oval, or oboy 'ate in outline, shallowly lobed and somewhat rhombic, mostly 8-14 cm. long: cymes 2- d 5 ¢ en calyx- e lanceolate: corolla white, 8-12 mm. wide; TO bu eie. anthers about 4 mm. long: ovary gla abrous: berry red or orange, 8-10 mm. in ! diameter —Roadsides and woods, in pen. Fla. Nat. of W. I.—(Mez., C. A., S. A))—Spr.-fall. 5. LYCOPERSICON Mil. Annual or ibis heavy-seented herbs. Leaf-blades 1-2-pinnately divi Flowers in eym Calyx not acereseent. Corolla rotate, yellow: lobes (page: than the des species, tropical American Berry mor ss depressed, several-celled. 1. L. Lycopersicon. Berry lobular Ane -like, 2.celled. 2. L.cerasiforme. . L. Lycopersicon (L.) Karst. Plants clammy- pubescent, 3-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades 1-4 dm. long, A o ovate to elliptic, coarsely E or inci ute: corolla (TOMATO. LOVE-APPLE.) — Cult. grounds, Da e Li waste- o Plain, Fla. Nat. of trop. Am d —(W. L Bun 2. L. cerasiforme Dunal. Similar Bs the preeeding species, = smaller and weaker: leaves with many small Pd leaflet Ea Ps larger ones: berry about 1-2 me on e s o o oil, hammocks and road- sides, Flori Td Keys and S Tex. Nat. o rop. Am 6. PERIZOMA Miers. Herbs or shrubby plants. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers solitary in the axils. Sepals slightly united. Corolla white or yellow, e Ovary depressed. Stigma dilated.—One species. 1. P. rhomboidea (Hook.) En vd em. long.—Waste-places, Fla SOLANACEAE 1117 Am.—Sum.-fall.—A related plant, Jaborosa integrifolia Lam. with prostrate stems, long-petioled entire elliptie leaf-blades and greenish-white salverform eorollas 7—10 em. long, has been found on ballast at Mobile, Ala. It is native of S. Am. | 7. CAPSICUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs or shrubs, unarmed. Leaf-blades flat, entire or repand. Flowers axillary or cymose. Calyx truncate or minutely lobed. Corolla usually white, nearly rotate: lobes nearly as long as the tube. Filaments adnate to the lower part of the corolla-tube, glabrous: anthers longer than the filaments. Ovary not depressed: stigma minute.—About 30 species, mostly in tropical America.—CAYENNE-PEPPERS p —10 mm, long: anthers over 2 mm. long: annual introduced plant. . C. annuum. Corolla ~ Corolla 4—5 mm. long: P less than 2 mm. long: perennial native hammo ek plant Calyx markedly toothed p maturity: berry pce 2. l. Calyx truncate at maturity: Ton ellipsoid to con 3. C. frutescens.: C. bun Plants mostly 1 m. tall or less, with glabrous or nearly et ie rane e blades ovate, ov pe or ovate- lanceolate, mostly 7-14 em. long, acum E pedicels clava calyx 3-4 mm long, ‘truncate’ corolla E inkish, 7-10 long: lobes ovate, fields, and oases cm Fla. Nat. o and cult.—AlIl y 2. C. baccatum L. Stem 1—3 m. tall: leaf blades ovate, s m to ovate-lanceo- late, 2-5 em. long: s mainly 2.5-3 mm. long: ees about 5 mm. long: berry 5-10 * on (Brnp- PEPPER. )—Hammocks an ud ckets, pen. Fla. and the Keys. Also xe. in cult. s and waste-places, W to Tex.—(W. I.) 3. C. frutescens L. Stem 0.5-2 m. s og Per ovate to Bird pae 1-3 em. long: ealyx ms 1.5-2 mm. long: corolla about 4 ong: 8-12 mm. long or longer, i -PEPPER. gas ocks, Scr Fla. and p Keys.—(W. I.) 8. LYCIUM L. Shrubs or woody vines, commonly spiny. Leaf-blades thick, sometimes terete, entire. Flowers axillary, sometimes clustered. Calyx markedly lobed. Corolla white or colored, funnelform, salverform, or nearly campanulate: lobes m than the usually short tube, or shorter nthers shorter than the pubescent filaments. ig dilated.—About 75 species, widely distributed.—MATRIMONY-VINES.— The purple corollas of some species have the eurious habit of fading to a greenish-yellow or greenish-tan after the pollen is shed from the anthers. Leaf-blades flat: iE lobes shorter than the tube and throat. 1. L.halimifolium. Leaf- an clavate: rolla-lobes longer than the tube and 2. L.carolinianum. 1118 SOLANACEAE 1. L. hal s Mill Shrub irregularly branched, sometimes vine-like: leaves herbaceous, 1.5-5 em. long; Pun ees oval, ovate, lanceolate, or spatulate: iab: e ovate to somewhat : angular, eu: corolia purplish or Ls ish; lobes 4-5 mm : h; lob . long: berry oval or MX Wc ovoid, orange or orange-red, 10-15 mm. \ 25 Ne ra long. — (MATRIMONY-VINE. BOX-THORN.) — If zs Thickets, M -places, c I ce-rows, vari- ; ous provine Ga. to s, Minn, and Ont. Nat. oË xe Mec 2. L. car pecie Walt. Shrub ae Seg tall, with r ving branches: leaves succu lent, 0.5-2 pes ETE ng: calyx-lobes deltoid or triangular-ovate, acute: corolla blue or lilac, 3 rarely white; lobes 3-6 mm. ber try —12 mm . long w^ CHRISTMAS-BERRY. Coastal sand-dunes, shore-hammocks, shell- Ái mounds, and Een N Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—(W. I.)—Spr.-fall, or all year S. | 9. CESTRUM L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers in axil- lary elusters, sometimes aggregated in a panicle or eorymb. Calyx markedly lobed. Corolla white or colored, funnelform or salverform: lobes much shorter than the tube. Filaments adnate to the middle of the corolla-tube or above it, glabrous: anthers add Stigma enlarged.—About 150 species, tropical American. Corolla 15 mm. long or less: lobes as wide as long: filaments adnate to above the middle of the corolla-tube. 1. CQ. diurnum. Corolla 29 mm. long or more; lobes longer than wide: filaments adnate to about the middle of the corolla-tube. 2. C. Parqui. 1. um L. Plant minutely pubescent, 1-2.5 m. tall: leaf- oodd eiliptie to Kind eect 5-12 cm. long; ren mostly less than 10 mm. lon ng: places, b Keys a and S. Tex trop. A 2. Ee L'Her. nearly gla- bro 1-2 tall: leaf- blades elliptic to elliptic- lanceolate, aries em. long; oo mostly over 1 ong: 4—4.5 m long; E puts pua po deltoid 7 BLOOMING ` JESSA MINE.) — Woods, thickets, waste- places, and roadsides, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., and Ga. W. I. 10. DATURA L. Herbs (ours annual), or shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades undulate or lobed. Flowers solitary in the axils. Calyx tubular, sometimes prismatic, more or less lobed. Corolla white or colored, funnelform. Filaments slightly unequal.—About 12 spceies, widely distributed.—Sum.-fall or all year S. ¥ r SOLANACEAE 1119 Capsule erect, dehiscent Biss 4 valves. I. STRAMONIA, Capsule inclined or nodding, opening irregularly. II. DUTRA. I. STR Herb with n or lavender corollas and an with nearly equal spin 1. D. Stramonium. I. DU Corolla, the outer one in double flowers, ei a D» toothed limb: fruiting pedicel curved to one side: capsule with stout- ce e-like prickles which are often corrugated at the 2. D. Metel. Corolla with a 10-angled limb: fruiting pd abruptly nod- ing: capsule with slender sharp pric B Corolla-limb 5-toothed: foliage glaucescent. 3. D. meteloides. Corola-limb 10-toothed: foliage softly-pubescent. 4. D. innovia. D. Stramonium L. eode green or purple-tinged, 2-12 dm. tall: leaf- blades ovate to elliptic, 10-20 cm. long, sinuate or laciniate- toothed: calyx 3-5 ec long; lobes 5-7 mm. ino 4 the persistent ase ultimately rn downward and friled: corolla white, violet, or lavender, 5 » *. JIMSON-WEED. JAMESTOWN-WEED. S MONIUM.) — Cult. grounds, roadsides, and waste-places, various. provinces, Fla. to Tex., t, and N. B.; also U. S. Nat. of trop. Am.— (W. 1, Mez., C. A., S. A., Q. W.)—Sum.—Th lavender- flowered variety is sometimes inn as D. Tatula L. . D. Metel L t 1-2 m. tall, glabrous or nearly so: per blades a lanceo : i elliptie or oval, 5—15 em. long, undulat repand-dentate: calyx a 1.5 ¢ eee dod ovate to triangular-ovate: corolla violet without, 14—18 e E ne. ca oval or ovoid, 4—6 cm. long. astu- osa L.]—Hammoeks and Ls plazes, -o Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. of trop. Asia a Africa.—(W. I., Mes., C. A., S. A.) 3. D. meteloides Dunal. d 3-11 dm. tall, glaucescent: leaf-blades ovate to oval-ovate, 10— ong, sinuate-toothe d: ca alyx 10-12 em. long; js lanceolate: corolla white, suffuse ene idus lavender or violet, 15-20 em. long: cap sule subglobose, 4—6 e n dia —River valleys, dry hills, and plains, PU to Calif. and Colo. Naturalized e on eee ee E to Fla.— —(Mez , €. A., S. A.) 4. D. innoxia Mill. I 8-15 dm. tall, softly pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, 10-20 em. long, u ndulate or slightly angled: calyx 7-12 em long; lobes lanceolate or vers gular-lanceolate: corolla white, 10-15 em. long: capsule oval or globose-ovoid, about 3 cm. long. E U. 8.)]— Roadsides and waste-places, a ay Plain and id England coast, Fla. to- R. I. Nat. of trop. Am.— —(W.I , Mex., C. A., S. A., O. W.) a $ Ss MT ES E Du RU on © 11. NICOTIANA L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, mostly clammy-pubescent. Leaf-blades entire or repand. Flowers in racemes or panicles. Calyx markedly lobed. Corolla white or colored, tubular, funnelform, or salverform. Filaments equal or nearly so.—About 50 species, mostly American.—TOBACCOS erbs. Corolla-tube stont, 2-5 times longer than the calyx. I. RUSTICAE. rs E vey ‘slender, many times longer than the calyx. i ONS es ‘Shrubs or tre III. GLAU 1120 SOLANACEAE I. Rv E 5-8 em. long; limb becoming SD. CODES 15-20 mm. 1. N. Tabacum. corolla 1—2 em. long: limb lurid yellow or greenish: capsule 8—10 . long. 2. N. rustica. II. LONGIFLORAE Leaf-blades sessile: calyx-lobes narrowed upward. 3. N. longiflora. Leaf-blades clasping: calyx-lobes dilated upward. 4. N. repanda. IIT. GLAUCA Branches and leaves very glaucous: flowers on slender stalks, the eorolla nearly tubular. 5. N. glauca. 1. m L. Stem 3-30 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptie or oval, nd to mud Sen Wes the middle or below it, "a ute or aeuminate, those e of the ca line leaves 1-3 dm. long, those of the bas eaves nm l ofte uc ger: ca g; lobes lanceolate to triangular, shorter than the tub olla greenish-white or dap yellow; s turning purplish, 3-4. vide, the somewhat reniform: E ide ovoid, du. 20 mm. long.—Fields, nena and waste- T various prov- Nat. of trop. Am. and E U. gd cult. — Sum 2. N. aL. Stem 5-12 dm. tall: leaf- blades lei 5-20 em. long, entire: calyx ; lo r the tube: eorolla lurid yellow or - greenish, 15-20 mm. long; limb 10-15 mm. wide, the lobes "er eapsule ovoid to globese-ovoid, 8-10 mm. long.—Fields and waste- -places, various provinces, Fla. o Minn., Ont, and N. Y. Nat. of trop. Am . N. longiflora Cav. Stem 3-11 dm. tall: leaf-blades ie à to elliptie, or laneeolate to linear on o upper part of the stem, 8—2 ong, undulat ealyx 10-12 mm. long, enlarging in age; lobes mainly shorter than the tube: ages white or 'greenish- pen E purplish, 7—10.5 long; limb 2.5-3 vide, the lobes ovate to ovate- aren ate: capsu ule MI -ovoid, about 15 xd bas Wao ples. various pro s, E U. S. Nat. of S. Am. and cult. Sum -Zall —A shorter- Nod : only 15 or l5 as long as those of N. a and with usually broader leaf- blades o n de lower eun 4 the stem, has been found on Key West, Fla. It is dern in tropieal re 4. N. repanda Willd. Stem 3-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades suborbieular to oval- elliptic, 5-15 em. long, repand: calyx 8—14 mm. long; lobes longer than the tube: corolla white or tinged with pink; limb 1.5-2.5 em. wide, the lobes ovate: eapsule ovoid, 8-10 mm. long. mud soil, Coastal Plain, Tex., and in waste- plaees E to Fla. —(W. I., Mez.)— —Spr 5.. N. glauca ire Shrub or small tree: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic-ovate: 5-30 em. long or longer, undulate: calyx 11-15 mm. long; lobes lanceolate to triangular: corolla yellow or yellowish, 35-45 mm. long; limb sles 10 mm. wide, the lobes very small: capsule ovoid to o -ovoid, 10-12 mm. long.— Waste-places, and roadsides, Fla. to Calif. Nat of S. Am —(W 7 Mez., 0. W. 12. PETUNIA. Juss. Herbs. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers solitary in the axils. Sepals united to below the middle. Corolla white or colored, funnel- BORAGINACEAE 1121 form or salverform. Filaments unequal, 4 of them didynamous.—About 12 species, South American. Corolla small, the limb less than 1 cm. wide. 1. P. parviflora. Corolla large, the limb over 2 cm. wide. Cor Ae white; tube cylindric, 3 or 4 times as long as the 2. P. axillaris. Corolla. reddish- oo tube eampanulate, once or twice as ng as the e 3. P. violacea. 1. parvifiora Juss. d pubescent: stems 1—4 dm. tall: leaf- blades spatulate 2 P iue 1.5 e . long: calyx glandular-pubescent; lobes linear lin uch ones: aed the » tube po bou 5 mm. long; limb 6-8 mm. wi ad long; abruptly pointe: capsules ovoid, 3—4 m oil, waste- ps and cult. gro ur. Coastal Plain, and Basin-and- ng —(W. Ï., Mex., C. A., S. A.) —Spr.—fall. 2. P. axillaris (Lam.) da Stem and branches rather stout, clam my-pubescent: leaf- blades elliptie to ovate-ellipt ic, 3-6 em ong, those of E lower leaves with stout petiole-like bases: calyx 1.5-2 cm. long; lobes mostly elliptic: corolla white, almost salverform; limb mostly 4-6 em. wide.— Cult, grounds and waste-places, E U. S. Nat. of Argentina.—Sum. 3. P. violacea Lindl. Stem and branches slender: leaf-blades n nA K oval, varying to obovate or ovate, 2-5 em. long, those of the lower ones ender petiole-like bases: calyx about 1 em. long; aie linear to Eu corolla reddish. -purple, funnelform; limb 3-4 em. wide.—Roadsides ig waste- plaees, E U. S. Nat. of Argentina and cult. ke fall, or all yea Faminy 7. BORAGINACEAE — Borage FAMILY erbs or shrubby plants, oe ark usually bristly pubescent. Leaves ase. blades mostly entire. Flowers typieally perfect, the spikes or a : ciu the style arising from between the Frui 4 or fewer nutlets.— About 85 genera and 1,500 species, widely distributed. Flowers regular: corolla with equal lobes. I. BORAGEAE. Flowers irregular: corolla with an oblique limb and unequal lobes. II. Renin, I. BORAGEAE Nutlets armed with barbed prickles Nutlets Pae covered with ‘pric ckles 1. CYNOGLOSSUM. nu ets ect or incurved, with prickles on the back of ngies. 2. LAPPULA. Nutlets unarmed. eceptacle conic or e s .9. AMSINCKIA, Receptacle flat or mere ponds attached Aa M ET ue receptacles: free por- tions of the filaments elongat 4. MERTENSIA, Nutlets attached to the ce e by their bases: free portions of the filaments very short. 71 1122 BORAGINACEAE Nutlets each with a small flat scar where: attached : scales in the throat of the corolla broad. Corolla funnelform or salverform: lobes obtuse, | spreading, broa Racemes without. bracts: calyx-lobes about as long as the tube. Racemes with bracts: calyx-lobes much longer than the tube. Corolla slightly longer than the es style as long as the ovary or longer 6. LITHOSPERMUM. Corolla much longer than the calyx: style much elongated. Corolla tubular: lobes acute or acuminate, erect, narrow 8. ONOSMODIUM. Nutlets each with a large hollow scar where at- oo a in the throat of the oroa. nar- ce . MYOSOTIS. t BATSCHIA. 9. SYMPHYTUM. II. ECHIEAE Stamens included: corolla-throat closed by scales. 10. LYCOPSIS. Stamens exserted : corolla-throat dilated and open. 11. ECHIUM. 1. CYNOGLOSSUM [Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial dn t herbs. Calyx manifestly accrescent. Corolla much longer than the calyx. Style relatively Mad Fruit surpassing the calyx.—About 75 species, I distributed.—Sum Stem copiously leafy to the top: corolla slightly longer than the CA. MN ets Stem terminated by a long peduncle: corolla much longer than PME the calyx: nutlets convex. - l 9. O. virginicum. C. offici M I. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptie to linear- ed or linear- lanceolate, 5—15 cm. oe ealyx-lobes becoming 6-8 mm. long o corolla reddish purpie or rarely white, mostly 8-10 wide; mis reniform: thic pr rovinces, oO ou tal Plain, Ga. to Ark., Nat. of Eu. Kans., Minn d Que. virginicum L. Stem 2-11 dm. tall: leaf. blades oval i lliptie, i 32 em. long: calyx-lobes becoming 3-4 m . long: corolla lue or m tween the F ines.— ( WILD-COMFREY. )—Dry soil, woods, ee and nd N various provinces, Ga. , Kans., and N. J. . LAPPULA [Rivinius] Moench. Annual, biennial, or perennial, often hirsute or hispid, herbs. Calyx scarcely accrescent: lobes spreading at matur- ity. Corolla pale blue, or whitish, scarcely as long as, or a little longer than the calyx. Style relatively short. Fruit somewhat longer than the calyx.— About 40 species, mostly natives of the north temperate zone. a of the corolla-tube remote from the base of the lobes: fruit erect, or ascend- 1. L. Lappula. Scales of the corollá-tube at the base of the lobes: fruit drooping. 2. L. virginiana. 1. L. Lappula (L.) Karst. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: eae linear-spatulate to linear, 2-5 em. long: calyx-lobes becoming 3-10 mm. long: corolla-lobes about BORAGINACEAE 1123 mm. long, the appendages broadly ova Hare about 3 m re > nutlets “granulos or tuberculate on Ls k.—(Bv ED.)— Dry soil and waste- a various po um N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Tex., B. C., Ont., N. S. and N. J. Na t. of Eu. —Spr.- fall. 2. L. ucc (L.) Greene. Plant noe bes inary ng -2.5 mm. lon LICE. inces, Ga. to La., Kans., Minn., m N. 3. AMSINCKIA Lehm. Annual hispid herbs. Sepals slightly united, persistent. Corolla yellow, slightly exceeding the calyx, salverform, or the tube somewhat inpr dis near the throat. Sta- te high up on Style elongate. E utlets ergstaceous or cori- aceous, attached above the base to an ellip- soid-pyramidal receptacle. —About 15 spe- eies, of western Ameriea. 1. A. parviflora A. Heller. Stems 5 dm. tall or D leaves Eo bsc ial pu to linear, 5-6 cm. long, or shor upper part of Pos stem; mutis en to ge E about 4 mm., mm. long, both s ofüy pubescent and hispid: T = corolla Noes haga abou . lon ng; limb CD abou wide: a ae ved id, 2-3 mm. long, sharply keeled on the back and a M wrinkled, also sharply orici —Fields, lawns, and waste- Sic es, Piedmont, N. C. Nat. of Calif —Spr.-s 4. MERTENSIA Roth. Perennial glabrous (our) herbs. Calyx scarcely, if at all, mento Corolla showy, conspicuously longer than the calyx. Style and free port of the filaments elongate. Fruit barely ee than the calyx.—About 40 species, in the Northern Hemisphere. ( re M. ip Sess (L.) DC. Stems pie elus- ) so red dm. tall: leaves 5—20 . long; blades elliptic to oval: calyx 2-3 r mm 2e becoming 5-6 mm. long; lobes oblong to E or ovate: corolla ies or rarely white, 2.5-3 em. long, the cup-like limb 0-15 mm. wide, shallowly lobed: nutlets ovoid, 2.5 mm . lon E Gwort. BLUE BELLS RGIN IA-COWSLIP. )—Rich woods, low grounds, and alluvial praes -banks, m ous provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. Ark., Kans., Ont., and S. C.—Spr. 1124 BORAGINACEAE 5. MYOSOTIS [Rupp.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial, pubescent poa Calyx slightly accrescent. Corolla manifestly longer than th l and free portions of the filaments short. Fruit surpassed by the uide About 35 species, of wide geographic distribution.—Spr.-sum.—FORGET-ME- NOTS. SCORPION-GRASSES Calyx open at maturity, pubescent with straight hairs Calyx-lobes longer than the tube: corolla-limb mostly less than 6 mm. wide: style s short. M. laza. e shorter than the tube: corolla-limb mostly over m. wide: style elongate. 2. M. palustris, Calyx d IRE at maturity, pubescent with hooked hair Pedicel longer than the calyx at maturity: style ender about as long as the ovary 3. M. arvensis. Pedicel shorter than the elc style stout, very short. Fruiting racemes with man 2 erect or dud RA E a usually up to m. long at aturity : nu s 15 m Jong. 4. M. virginica. Fruiting racemes Ets i1 more or less recurv ing pedi- s: calyx over 5 mm. long at maturity: nutlets 2 io nc 5. M. macrosperma. . M. laxa Lehm. — 1-5 dm. long: leaf-blades spatulate to elliptie- -lanceo- late: pedicels 5—10 . long: calyx-lobes triangular to triangular-lanceolate: corolla mainly ae bine; lobes about 1 mm. long: nutlets about 1 mm. long.—Spring- is and muddy p various ‘provinces, Ga. to Tenn., Ont., N. S. 2. M. palustris (L.) Lam. Stem 2-6 dm. lon le edi spatulate to elliptic or l-8 cm : 1 b ous pru N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to W. Va. and N. S. Nat. of Eu. M. arvensis (L.) Willd. Stem 1-3 dm tall: d blades uad to elliptie or elliptic. -lanceolate, 1—5 . long: calyx becoming 3—4 mm. long; lobes equal or nearly so: corolla are e k a white; lobes ove r% a s long as the t iube: : uo abou E 1.5 m ong.—Low grounds, various pro N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to W. Va. T MIT and N. B. 4. M. virginica (L.) B.S Stem 1-4 dm. tall, with short, stiff, often numer- ous branches: leaf-blades per to elliptie, '1-8 em. long: mature raceme rh re ijs n. fruiting calices: pedicels 1-3 mm. long: calyx be- ng; lobes slightly mu s corolla white; lobes less than V, i as ied as won tube: nutlets about 1.5 mm. long.—Dry hills and fields, vari- ous provinees, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., ud. Me. macrosperma Engel Stem 2-6 dm. tall, with few, elongate, Me sat branches: leaf-blades nds to those of M. arvensis but larger: racemes with few widely separated fruiting calices: pedicels 3-6 mm. calyx becoming 6-8 mm. long; lobes very e corolla white; lobes less than 14 as long as the tube: nutlets about 2 mm. E —Hillsides, woods, and stream-banks, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex., Ar k., Ind., and Mad. " BORAGINACEAE 1125 6. LITHOSPERMUM et L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. a slightly enlarged at ma pele eae slightly longer than the calyx, ite, greenish, or yellowish. Style ong as the ovary or somewhat longer. sd surpassed by the calyx.—About " species, in the Northern Hemisphere.— Spr.-sum.—GROM WELLS. Annual plant: corolla white or whitish, slightly surpassing the calyx. 1. L. arvense. Perennial plant: corolla yellow or sometimes greenish-white. Pubescence of stem strictly appressed. 2. L. latifolium. Pubescence of stem more or less spreading. . L. tuberosum. arvense L. Stem and branches 1-8 dm. long: leaf-blades linear- oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1.5-5 cm. long, acutish: ealyx-lobes narrowly tted GROM WELL. yRoadsides fields, and hills, various provinees, Ala. to Miss., Kans., Ont., and Me. 2. L. latifolium Michx. Stem and branches . tall: blades of the cauline leaves eliptc to hes d 4-12 em. long, inate x-lobes comi oe 8-10 dm lon flat: corolla on white or pale-yellow ; lobes over ae as long as the oS nutlets ovoid, 3-3.5 long, smooth Woods, fields, and roa de ari- ous provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ark., Minn, Ont., and Va. 3. L. tuberosum Rugel. Stems and branches 3-7 dm. s Pod of the cauline leaves oblanceolate to elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 2-10 cm. long, acute or dpi phe ealyx-lobes bro oadly linear to linear- spatulate, becoming 4—6 a yellowish white; lobes less than 1% as long as the tube: ds po ane about 2 mm. 1o ong.—River-bluffs id b e Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex., and Tenn. 7. BATSCHIA G. F. Gmel. Perennial herbs, with colored roots. Calyx Fruit surpassed by the ealyx, the nutlets mainly ovoid esent 6 species, North American. s is entire, the Edi remote from them: all flowers complete: stamens below the throat of the corolla. enn ai rsute: corolla-tube beu diss at the base within. 1. B. canescens. ispid: corolla-tube bearded at the base within. 2.' B. carolinensis. Corolia-lobes erose or laciniate: the appendages close to their ases: later flowers cleistogamous: stamens in the throat of a corolla. 3. B. linearifolia. oo 1. B. canescens Michx. Plant 1—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear to elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 9-21 mm. long: calyx- lobes linear or nearly so, becoming 3-5 1126 © BORAGINACEAE mm. long: corolla orange-yellow: Eon 9-11 long: nutlets about 2.5 long. Gliese canescens Leh a= - (Pv UC- COON.)—Rieh woods and open hillsides, various Pe N of in Plain, Ga. to Tex. Sask, and Ont.— B. carolinensis (Walt) G. F. Gmel Plant 1-5 dm. tall: leaf bw linear to t 5 em. 1l elliptie = s e, l- ong: calyx- obes lan e to lud eo te, becom- ing 7-10 1 mm. lo g: corolla orange; tube 12- 16 mm. lon nutlets 3- 3-3.5 [Lithospermum | Gmelini (Michx. Hitche. | e soil or woods, various prov- inces, Fla. to N. M., Minn., and N. Y.—Spr. 3. B. A due ep Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear- lanceolate to lin 3-9 e ong: earlier flowers clustered: calyx-lobes linear- tapering, becoming 7-10 mm. long: corolla light-yellow; tube slender, 25-30 mm. long: nutlets 3-4 mm "long. Lithospermum PE doi e. L—Dry soil, i and rock ledges, various provinces, W Fla. to Ari and 4 8. ONOSMODIUM Miehx. Perennial herbs with hard roots. Sepals nearly distinet. Corolla narrow, longer than e calyx, without appendages in the throat, the lobes relatively long. —About 10 species, North American. Corolla yellow; lobes lanceolate, acuminate: tips of the anthers not reaching up to the sinuses of the corolla. 1. O. virginianum. Corolla whitish, often green-tinged; lobes ovate, obtuse or wy pointed : tips of the anthers reaching up to the of the co oe Ex br acts, nd calyx-lobes not shaggy-pubescent, the hairs relatively short and more or less appress ed: nut- lets markedly pitted: anthers with long slender tips. 2. O. molle. Leaves, bracts, and calyx-lobes shaggy-pubescent, the hairs long and loosely spreading: nutlets little, if at all, pitted: anthers with short stout tips. 3. O. hispidissimum. 1. O. virginianum (L.) DC. Stem strigose (or hirsute in O. virginianum hir- sutwm), 2—7 dm. tall or more: le af-blades, on the upper pue of the stem oblanceolate, poii elliptie, elliptie, ellip- tic-obovate to , 2.5-12 em. long, usually T s sometimes quite copiously x-lobes becoming 6-8 mm mm. long, no Bic at the base.—Pinelands, dry woods, thickets, and sandy hillsides, are Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La. sea s and Great Lake Lowland, W N. uY— 2. O. molle Mi ichx. Stem short-hirsute, or partly strigose, with white or whitish hairs, 8 dm. tall or less: leaf-blades, on the upper BORAGINACFAE 1127 part of the stem, elliptic, lanceolate or ovate- eid not shaggy- Pd but with longer spreading hairs Re on the and m mer at least beneath, short-appressed hairs: infers dene, ‘softly pubeseent: oe lobes narrowly linear, about 6 mm. s corolla 9-12 mm. obes ovate, e 15 as long as the tube: anthers about 2.5 mm. long: n dod mud in . long, copiously pitted, slightly if at all constricted at the base L—Dry pna and eedar-barrens, Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn., and Spr. 3. O. E pun ene Mackenzie. Stem copiously hirsute, with whitish hairs, 12 dm or less: leaf-blades, on the upper part ud the stem, narrowly elliptic, elliptics, Tane lai or ovate, pubescent as in O. molle, but with nd stiffer, and longer hairs: inflorescence uei hirsute: pa lobes linear, 4-6 mm. long: corolla 10-12 mm. long or longer in the aded flowers; Die. ‘ovate, less than 14 as long as the tube: anthers about 2 mm. long: nutlets ovoid, 3-3.5 mm. long, a or rund a ru PE at the base. [O. caro- "oM (Chapm. Fl) (FI. S.) ]-—Woods, bed banks and dry hill- uH To A N on Plain, N. C. to Tex , Minn., and Ont.— Spr.- 9. SYMPHYTUM L. Perennial herbs with mucilaginous roots. Sepals d manifestly united into a tube. Corolla much longer than the calyx, with long appendages in the throat, the lobes rela- tively short.—About 15 species, natives of the Old World. 1. S. officinale L. Stems and branches 3-10 dm. tall, hirsute: m blades Murder lanceolate, or ovate -aneeolate, or som ovate, 8—30 cm. long: rues x-lobes a A ach with an ovate to lanceolate bo pud > corolla yellowish or purplish, 10- ong; lobes ovate, obtuse, the RR pns lanceolate: nutlets 3-4 mm. long.—(Com- FREY. EALING-HERB. ) — Roadsides, old fields, and about gardens, bos P uic N of Co astal Plain, N. C. , Minn., Newf. Nat. of Eu rod 10. LYCOPSIS L. Annual herbs. Corolla salverform, slightly irregular, the throat appendaged. Free portion of the filaments very short.—About four species, natives of the Old World. p becoming 7-8 long; sepals linear or linear-Janeeolate, pn corolla blue, 5-7 mm. ; tube curved: nutlets about 3 mm. NM long, a wrinkled. — (BUGLOSS. Waste-places, pastures, M dii ied various provinees N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ont., a 3 n Va.—Nat. of Scurasla —Spr-— fall. . 1128 EHRETIACEAE 11. ECHIUM [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial herbs. Corolla funnel- form, markedly irregular, the throat unappen aged. Free portion of the fila- ments elongate.—About 30 species, natives of the Old World 1. E. vulgare L. Plants nd a ace a i t tu ee whi ch E somewhat plaited; lobes ovate or triangular- vate, eiliolate: filaments and style exserted, pis Pad about 3 mm. long, wrinkled.— — (VIPER'S-BUGLOSS. LUE-DEVIL. BLUEWEED.)—Old fields and road- sides, often in calcareous soil, various provinces, Ga. to Nebr., Ont., and N. B. Nat. of Eu.—Sum Famity 8. EHRETIACEAEH — EHRETIA FAMILY Shrubs, trees, or sometimes herbs. Leaves vr. alternate: blades mostly entire. Flowers perfect, cymose. Calyx of 5 (4-6), partly united sepals. Corolla of 5 (4-6), partially united o Androecium of 5 (4-8), stamens, the filaments more or less adnate to the pla Dd united by pairs. Fruit drupaceous or of 4 nutlets.—About 20 genera ne 350 species, in warm or tropical regions. Styles, and stigmas, 4, unequally united by pairs: drupe with a 4-celled stone: coty- Jedons plaited or corrug s e Corolla long-funnelform ; limb deeply lobed: calyx-tube cylindric. 1. SEBESTEN. Co Le oe funnelform ; LIU slightly lobed: calyx-tube cam- 2. VARRONIA. Styles, and anes: 2: drupe with 2 or 4 stones: cotyledons flat. 3. BOURRERIA. 1. Adans. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in open clusters. Sepals usually united to above the middle. mE bright-colored, shallowly Fruits included, adnate to the accrescent ealyx.—About 12 species, of tropical and subtropical America. 1. - Sebestena (L.) Britton. Shrub or small tree, the twigs strigose: leaf-blades ovate or elliptic- -ovate, 8-12 cm. long, undulate or re- pand: calyx 14-19 mm. long; tube cylin- T E.)—Ham and glade Keys, Fla. pu "Florida Keys.— —(W.I XEHRETIACEAE 1129 —All year.—This plant sre a generic counterpart in Texas, in which the corolla is white with a yellow cente 2. VARRONIA Jacq. Shrubs, = or vines. Flowers in open clusters or in e epals usually united to above middle. Corolla white or colored, shallowly or dee Filaments p above or below the middle of the eorolla-tube.—A bout 70 species of tropical S and subtropical America V. globosa Jacq. Branched shrub 1-3 m fal: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic- iw 1-5 . long, serrate: pr about 8 m lon ng: ola white, 5- e . lo d [Cordia bul- lata (Chapm. FL)]I— mmoeks, Cape Sable region, Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—All year—tThis pl ] ant has pu^ counterpart in Texas in which the calyx-lobes are shorter than the tube and its corolla is mostly 12-15 mm. long. 3. BOURRERIA.Jacq. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in corymbose cymes. Sepals ane to above the middle. Garou, white or colored, prominently lobed. Filaments adnate to above or eal the middle of the corolla-tube.— About 25 species, of tropical Ameri Anthers about as long as the free portion of the filaments : leaf-blades short-petioled, Drupe 9- 11 mm. wide: corolla-tube much exceeding the calyx. 1. B.revoluta. Drupe 7—8 mm. wide: corolla-tube about equalling the calyx. 2. B. cassinifolia. Ans much shorter than [ue free portion of the filaments: leaf-blades slender-petiole . B. ovata. 1. B. revoluta H.B.K. Small bid or shrub, with pubescent twigs: leaf-blades elliptie to udis ostly 2-7 cm. long, abruptly pointed, rounded or notched, permanently rough etium and ciliate, o sometimes smooth: cymes ral-flower cal mm. long; lobes ovate, mostly less than 14 the tube: corolla white; tube much exceeding the calyx; larger lobes 5—6 nther ong drupe orange, slightly depressed, 9-11 mm wide. . Radula (Chapm. Fl) (Fl SE . S.) ]—(RovuGH-STRONGBACK. )—Hammocks ] and de. ia di AA Fla., and Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—A1l cassinifolia (A. Rieh.) Griseb. GN -leaf-blades oval, pe obovate, or cuneate, 1-2.5 cm. long, m ostly obtuse or retuse, smooth, glabrous, and eciliate, a 4 least at maturity, slightly veiny in age: few- doc cd calyx 5-6 mm long; lobes triangular to antes triangular, Ye ai as n as the tube: corolla white; tube about as long as the calyx or slightly exceeding it; larger ene von 4 ide: anthers about 2 mm. long: drupe much depressed, 7-8 mm. wide. (SM MOOTH-STRONGBAC jede DARNA Keys, Fla—( W. I. ) —AIl ur vata Miers. Small tree or shrub, with glabrous twigs: sey us M elliptic-obovate or oval-obovate, 4-12 em. long, smooth: calyx 6-7 e 1130 HELIOTROPIACEAE long; lobes triangular, fully 14 as long as the tube: corolla white; tube rather short; lobes slightly shorter than the tube: dnd. xserted; anthers about mm. long: drupe orange, 1 em. wide. [B. n : l U. S.) ]—(SrRoNGBACK.) —Hammocks, Florida Keys — (OF. I. )—AI ly Famity 9. HELIOTROPIACEAE — HELioTROPE FAMILY Herbs, shrubs, or woody vines. Leaves alternate : blades entire, or rarely toothed. Flowers S mostly in scorpioid spikes or racemes. Calyx of 5 more or less united sepals. Corolla various, of 5 partially united petals. Androecium of 5 stamens, the filaments more or less adnate the corolla-tube. Gynoecium 2-4-earpellary. Stigma annular, sur- mounted by an appendage. Fruit drupaceous, or dry and of 2-4 nu utlets.— About 10 Sener and 300 species, adele distributed. Shrubs or woody twiners: fruit drupaceo Tribe I BO ue IEEE partly-woody : fruit do separating into . TOURNEFORTIEAE II. HELIOTROPIEAE. I. TOURNEFORTIE coo broad: fruit not lobed, hollowed P^ the base: hers minutely pointed. Plant densely and EE dried) silky-tomentose: leaves very numerous ue E wded: corolla-tube about as long as the calyx or sho 1. MALLOTONIA. Plant Birsncedn conspicuously pubescent: leaves relatively 2. TOURNEFORTIA. few and distant: corolla-tube much exceeding the calyx. Corolla-lobes narrow, often subulate: fruit lobed, usually 4-lobed, not hollowed at the base: anthers acuminate. 3. MYRIOPUS. II. HELIOTROPIEAE Fruit of 4 more or less readily separating nutlets. Fruits 4-lobed, separating into 4 one-seeded nutlets. owers in scorpioid spikes or racemes: calyx-lobes equal or nearly so. 4. HELIOTROPIUM. Flowers axillary to narrow bracts: calyx-lobes very un- e b. LiTHOCOCCA. Fruits 5. lobed, separ rating into 2 two-seeded nutlets. Nutlets conie, ribbed : dS obconie or turbinate. 6. TIARIDIUM. tlets subgl lobose e, rugose: style very short or wanting. T7. SCHOBERA Nu Fruit of 2 completely 2-celled nutlets, or sometimes 1-celled and 1-seeded. 8. COCHRANEA. 1. MALLOTONIA Britton. Maritime shrubs with conspicuously pubes- cent foliage. Leaves numerous, crowded on the branchlets: blades narrow, ba s sessile. Flowers j 3 p short or depressed, hollowed at the base, abruptly poin Ed Species, in tropical and Mosis region . M. gnaphalodes (J acd) Britton. Fleshy shrub 2 m. tall or less, the pubescence pale or white: leaf- blades ee -spatulate, 4-11 . long, obtuse: calyx-lobes ovate: corolla much exceeding. the calyx; tube eun Pid n. to orbieular-ov E ovoid zu id -ovoid, about ate, 2-3 mm. lon ong. [Tournefortia jue E. : ien e NDER. ) —Coasta stal ee a S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.) —All y corolla tube: corolla-lobes nearly or qui a the t 3—4 HELIOTROPIACEAE 1131 2. TOURNEFORTIA L. Hammock vines, with stout trailing or climb- M stems. Leaves neither crowded nor numerous: blades broad, often coarsely ube. Corolla white: lob Ed spreading, tigm Drupe 2 died hollow at the — 100 species, of tropical and sub. -tropical regions - T. ater ima L. oody or partly oody vine, the stem and bu pubescent : leaf- blades oo ae broadly so, vary- mg t obovate, mostly 1-1.5 dm. Td mo less hirsute, acuminate: corymbs many- fovere sepals ovate, acute, villous: corolla-lobes ovate to deltoid-ovate, 2-2 long: drupes BUDE IB OS or ovoid-globose, 4-5 mm. long.—Ham mocks, "Everglade "Keys, Fla.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—-All year. 3. MYRIOPUS Small Hammock vines with climbing, often twining stems. Leaves neither crowded nor numerous: blades broad, herbaceous, e finely pubescent, petioled. Flowers in corymbose, elongate, secund spikes or racemes. Calyx-lobes narrow or narrow-lipped. Corolla white or eeu lobes very narrow, usually subulate. nthers lanceolate the base. Style elongate: stigm a-appendage long-conie. Drupe 2-4-lobed, as many lobes as there are l-seeded nutlets, usually depressed ——About 15 species, in tropical America. Leaves glabrous SE obscurely pubescent: ealyx-lobes triangular or triangular-lanceo- late in anthes 1. M. volubilis.. n densely “white pubescent PERLU calyx-lobes subulate or angular-subulate in anthes 2. M. poliochros. 1. M. volubilis (L.) Small. Woody vine, the fine pubescence usually rusty; pibe e ovate p Rus Aaa 2—8 em. long, mostly acute or acuminate, gre beneath: corymbs with sprawling branches; ud men much less than half as ong as ol : dua than the tube: drupe 2-3 mm. wide, the lobes with black spots. [Tournefortia volubilis R. —Hammocks, S bi Fla. d the = and S Tex.—(JW.I | A. )— All yea 2. M. poliochros (Spreng.) Small Vine lobes nearly or quite half as long as vee s long as the tube: drupe mm. ride, the lobes with —— Spots. ici pie P Spreng. ]—Hammocks on kitchenmiddens, E coast, Fla.—(W. I.)—All yea 1132 HELIOTROPIACEAE 4. HELIOTROPIUM [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or erect, diffuse, or prostrate ii Leaves few or many: blades broad or narrow. Calyx-lobes nearly Stamens adnate to the lower part of the corolla-tube. Style very short. n 4-lobed, an aggregate of 4 nutlets.—About 125 species, widely dis- tributed.— HELIOTROPES. Inflorescence bractl red glabrous: alate finely wrinkled: leaf-blades nar- ro 1. H. curassavicum. Calyx A nutlets tuberculate: leaf-blades broad. 2. H. europaeum. iaorescomë bracted. Corolla itt P with small puberulent swellings low down in 3. H. phyllostachyum. Corolla with pr ominent deflexed appendages at the top OP at. 4. H. polyphyllum. Corolla yellos Plant with erect stem and braneh 5. H. Leavenworthii. Plant with prostrate stem and Bandes 6. H. horizontale. H. curassavicum L. ees perennial or mainly so, 1-4 dm. tall: leaf- Bie spatulate, varying to obovate or po mainly 2-6 em. long: calyx- ree ge to elliptic-la Sco 1.5-2 long: corolla white, V t the yellow eye; f Ens "S s about mm. long: 2-2.5 m vid ° Srann -HELIOTROPE.)— Hammocks, ew and 1 vaste-places, Coastal Plain and adj. provi is Fla. to Tex. and Del.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) europaeum L. Plant annual 1-5 a - ae tube fully 2 m m. long: fruit about 3 wide.—W aste- pM and pr jd provinees, Fla. to Ala. and Mas Nat. of Eu. 3. H. phyllostachyum Torr. Plant annual, 0.5-2 dm. tall: leaf- Mens elliptie, - 2.5 em. long: calyx Toves lanceolate, | or the larger one ovate-lanceolate, 2—3 d coe ie, tube 2-3 mm. long; lobes about 1 mm. 1 ong: fruit iban t 1.5 mm. wide. —Hammocks ino "waste: -plaees, Key West, Fla. H. polyphyllum mu Perennial, 1-2 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-spatu- late to elliptic, 0.5—2 em. long: Lb. lobes lanceolate to ee -lanceolate, 2—2.5 m. long: corolla white; tube 3—4 mm. long: fruit 1.5 mm. wide. d stal ham- mod. Everglade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys.— (S. A —AI y ea 5. H. Leavenworthii Tor Plant with pale-pubescent erect stems; 2-11 dm tall: leaf- n linear T med Pu 1-2 em. long: flowers 1 inodorous: calyx lobes lanceolate, 3—4 mm. lon rolla bright-yellow; lobes ovate, obtus ng: wW hammocks ‘and wet E one in Everglades, S pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.—All yea 6. H. horizontale Small. Plant with radially us Eq 1-5: em. 2 das matted: leaf-blades linear - nearly so, 0.8-1 long: is ragra : ealyx-lobes lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long: ce culo es yellow. —Pine- lands Ed Keys, Fla.—All year HELIOTROPIACEAE 1133 5. LITHOCOCCA Small. Annual erect, wiry herbs. Leaves scattered: blades very narrow. Flowers scattered, axillary to narrow leaf-like bracts. Calyx-lobes very unequal in size and shape Stamens adnate to the-lower part of the corolla-tube. Style short. Fruit depressed, 4-lobed.— One species. 1. m Sager Che, Small. Stem 1-3 dm. with several or many erect or eer bra ns leaf-blades linear o calyx-lobes li nea , 2—6 ; ut corolla Bs tube about 4 mm. long: fruit 3-3.5 wide, pubescent. Helio. a. Um "Torr r.]—Dry soil, road- sides, and pastures, various provinces, Ala. to Tex. Kans., and Ky.—Sum.-fall. 6. TIARIDIUM Lehm. Annual erect herbs. Leaf-blades broad. Flowers in o scorpioid spikes. Sepals slightly united at the base. Corolla blue, with the anthers near the middle of the rather aa ube. Style obconic or tur- inate. Fruit slightly depressed, the nutlets paired and mitriform.—One specie Annu 2-10 ¢ m tones calyx-lobes linear to linear- g: eorolla 2 wide. [Heliot ropium indicum L. Waste- -places, fields, and roadsides, e ee. Fla. to Te x., Ill, and va a. Nat. of E. d Mez., C. A., 4.)— P un —fall or all year S. 7. SCHOBERA Scop. Annual or perennial, erect herbs. Leaf-blades rather broad. Flowers in braetless i nae spikes. Sepals united at the Corolla white, with the anthers the top of d Very short tube. Style ver short or ing. Fruit mueh depressed, didym més ps nutlets dus in pairs.— FOR 10 species, tropical American. = angiosperma (Murr.) Britton. Plant ual, 2-12 dm. tall: ae A elliptic to rer oos 2-7 ong, parviflorum L.]—Hammocks and pinelan S pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I., . A., S. A.) 1134 VERBENACEAE 8. COCHRANEA Miers. Perennial herbs, sometimes partially woody. Flowers in — eymose spikes. Sepals slightly united. Stamens adnate to the lower part of the corolla-tube. Style obsolete. Fruit 2-lobed, the typically 2- celled nutlets sometimes separating into 2 rts.—About 4 species, South American. 1. C. PE naue (Poir.) Guerke. Plants : leaf-blades often diffuse, 1-4 dm. elliptie to lingar. -elliptie or oblanceolate, 2-8 wide: fruits 2.5 m. v anchusaefolium Poir.]— Waste-plaees, road- n and cult. grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga. Nat. of S. Am Faminy 10. VERBENACEAE — Vervain FAMILY shrubs, or t mmonly angled. Leaves alternate, rbs, Stems co opposite, or who rle d: n end or rarely compound. Calyx of 4 or 5 partially or wholly united sepals. Corolla a 4 or 5 mers united m petals, sometimes 2-lipped. Androecium of 2 o more or less adnate to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium Bas er the style terminal. Fruit baccate or drupaceous n aggreg of nutle a —About 75 genera and 1,300 species, of pete dr distri- butioi iva oueaconee centripetal, spicate, racemose, or paniculate: ovules ere Tribe eg" " VERBENEAE. Inflorescence centrifugal, cymose: ovules laterally attached. II. VITICEAE. ERBENEAE VE Flowers in heads, spikes or spike- a racemes, Fruit of e or 4 nutlets, dry. ‘Stan ns 4: fruit not imbedded in the rachis. Tr "uit nut-like, with a broad D like beak. 1. STYLODON. Fruit of 2 or 4 nutlets, not ced. PEE e not flattened. l ers ‘unappendaged : spikes elongate at “anthes acre of the larger stamens appendaged ‘the back: spikes B topped at an- thesis, elongating in fru 3. iaces 2, more or E flattened. 2. VERBENA. GLANDULARIA. fla with procumbent or creeping stems, sometimes partly woody eae 4, PHYLA. pde or shrubby plants, with u bene stem 5. GONIOSTACHYUM. Calyx inflata d and inclosing the fruit. 6. PRIVA. cr 21 fruit imbedded in RC ation: of ihe thick achis 7. VALERIANOIDES, Fruit ‘drupaceous. 8. NTAN Flowers in open racem Drupe seated in “the calyx: nutlets 2: stigma 2-lobed. 9. CITHAREXYLUM. Drupe enclosed in the calyx: nutlets 4: stigma 4- lobed. 10. DURANTA. II. VITICEAE Corolla ea Jeaf-blades simple. 11. CALLICARPA, Corolla irregu like, ridged, with 4 broad plain surfaces at VERBENACEAE 1135 Drupe with 4 stones: leaf-blades simple. Corolla short, tbe tube not much longer than the limb.. 12. CLERODENDRON. Coroll „elongate, the tube several times longer than the 13. SIPHONANTHUS. Drupe ihe a single 4-celled stone: leaf-blades compound. 14. VITEX. 1. STYLODON Raf. Perennial scabrous herbs. Leaf-blades serrate, sessile. Flowers in elongate, inconspicuously bracted spikes. Calyx tubular ed. Corolla col- . the top which form a cap.—One species. rey o fu^ n $5 ct weed Bo et eH. "5^0 HO rt SEE (c 25 cd S we "ms B OF fux BD' rc N HB 5 D oH p So o dS te Pu cd ta eo Ft to lanceolate: oe uc s coming about m. long: P Or s limb 5-6 mm. wide: fruit ovoid or oval, . long. [Phryma caroliniensis lt. Verbena caroliniana Mi ichx. | Kidd coil often ?) V in ood Eno thickets, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss. (La. and N. C.—Spr.—fall. 2. VERBENA [ Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf- blades entire, toothed or parted. Flowers in elongate, often very slender spikes, the bracts narrow. Calyx mainly E. 5-lobed. Corolla white or colored, pipe aera lobes 5, unequal. Anthers unappendaged. Fruit an aggregate of 4, often narrow, readily separable ids filling the calyx.—About 75 species, American.—Sum.—VERBENAS. VERVA PES ct sometimes very slender, continuous or interrupted, often greatly Leaf-blades toothed or incised. I. HASTATAE. Leaf-blades 1-2-pinnately cleft or parted. Bracts shorter than the calyx: plants erect. II. OFFICINALES. Bracts much longer than the calyx: plants prostrate or rocumbent. III. BRACTEOSAE. p Spikes permanently short and stout. SE ane than the mature calyx: corolla-tube less than s long as the calyx. Bracts longer than the mature calyx: corolla-tube over twice as long as the calyx /. VENOSAE. IV. BONARIENSES, I. Spikes permanently continuous by the imbricate fruits. Spikes ene or nearly so: corolla-limb 8-9 mm. wide: plants vend soft- pubesce 1. V. stricta. Spikes Pound corolla-limb 2.5-6 mm. wide: plants sparingly pubescent or glabrous. Leaf-blades s to ovate-lanceolate: nutlets smooth or nearly uon pow inen oc ulate to linear: nutlets reticu- N . V. hastata. 3. V. angustifolia. Spikes becom ie interrupted, the fruits at least, not imbricate. Leaf-blades sessile, a spatulate type predominating. Leaf-blades petioled, an ovate type ge n ng. 4, V. littoralis. Sepals little yon ger than the fruit, the tips not meet- ing over op. 5. V. urticaefolia. Sepals much lonce n the fruit, the tips converging over its top and meeting. 6. V. scabra. \ 1136 VERBENACEAE IIl. OFFICINALES eu coarsely hirsute: flowers approximate in the spi ik p usuall cr 6 mm. wide: leaf-blades sessile or very short wing-petioled. 7. V. Xutha. Stem glabrous or glabr NS flowers widely separated in the spike: corolla-limb usually 6 mm. wide or less: leaf- ^ blades distinctly petioled Leaf-blades with blunt, rounded, or abruptly acute tips. rolla-limb about 5-6 mm. wide: nutlets fully thrice as long as thick. 8. Y. Halei. e D 3—4 mm. wide: nutlets twice as long as 9. V. officinalis. riparia. Leaf-blades with long-tapering acute tips: 10. Y. III. BRACTEOSAE Annual plants, often forming mats: spikes leafy-bracted. 11. V. bracteosa. I ONARIENSES Leaf-blades sessile: nutlets reticulate at the top 12. V. brasiliensis. Leaf-blades clasping: nutlets reticulate to below the middle. 13. V. bonariensis. V. VEN Stems rigid from mote rootstocks : ed NN saliently toothed, conspicuously veined. 14. V. rigida. 1. V. stricta Vent. Perennial, 2-12 dm. tall, densely pale- pubescent: leaves 3-10 em. long; blades suborbieula r, oval, or elliptic, serrate or incised: spikes ong: caly and Ont, Introduced E—Sum.—fall. 2. V. ata L. Do s bur tall, syne ule: diem leav 4-14 long: lades lan er elliptic- a Or ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate and often incised or hastate at the base: spikes rela- C 3.5 wide: nutlets linear, 1.5-2 a a -VERBENA. \—Moist fields oa “meadows, various provinces, Fla. to N . ©., Ont., and N. §.—Sum 3. V. angustifolia ee Perennial, 1-5 dm. tall, puberulent or sparingly pubescent: leaves 2-12 cm. long; blades linear- Mena ate to e ear- Eds Or linear, distantly or d serrate: ae pd calyx becoming 4 long: corolla deep lavender or purple; limb 5-6 mm. wide: Rr e 3 m mm long o ad and roadsides, various DURS Fla. to Ark., Minn., and Mass.—Spr.- 4. V. littoralis H.B.K. Perennial, 3-10 dm. a a, ee pubescent: leaves 2-8 cm. long; blades spatulate, or on shoo oe Ed elliptic elliptic- lanceolate, serrate: spikes slender: pou bee us to , long: eorolla light-blue P limb about 3 mm. wide: AUR bodie ‘Linear, fully 1.5 pu edt Dry soil, along s and ene La. Nat. of S. quee Spr.-sum. 5. V. urticaefoli or perennial, 4—15 dm. tall, n beds 8-21 cm. long; blades broadly ym ua to ovate- lanceolate, or sometim ida to oval, coarsely crenate-serrate: spikes loosely-fruited: calyx becomin a oe x VERBENACEAE 1137 long: corolla white: limb 3-4 mm. wide: nutlets ellipsoid, 1.5-2 mm. lon WHITE-VERBENA.)— Thiekets, moist fields, and meadows, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and N. B.—Sum - V. scabra Vahl Similar to V. sense in habit, the leaves relatively maller, and blades thicker and commonly — gradually acute or acuminate: spikes closely fruited: calyx becoming 2 mm. lon ag: rolla white or pinkish; limb wide: nu ut] ets ee about 1.5 m "lon ng.—Low grounds or de soil, Coastal Plain ius Basin-and- Range nad Fla. to Tex., iid Calif. —(W , C. A., S. A.) —Spr. im 1l. 7. V. i Lehm. Perennial, 9-15 ~ tall, coarsely hirsute: leaves 4—10 cm. long; blades ineised-pinnatifid, Or 3-parted on the lower part of the stem, the veins very prominent and hirsute PE : Spikes very long, not branched or but little. bu a de slender: calyx becoming 4 mm. long; lobes converging o nutlets: ie purplish- PA limb 5-7 mm. wide: nutlets linear- Ve indzie B 2—2.25 mm. long.—Prair jes, arroyos, stream EA road- sides, waste-places, and bayou- ca various provinces, Mis eee Tex. and Calif. Has been found on ballast at Mobile, Ala.—(Mez. )— Spr.—fa V. 2 Small Biennial, 3-10 dm. tall, sparingly pubescent pi leaves 3-10 c ong, pubescent, especi ally so beneath; blades pl = wer id elliptic p" ovate, deeply incised-pinnatifid, ci ' 3-par rted o eis pi -pinnat those of the upper stem-leaves linear to linear-spatulate, Mem e D entire: spikes slender, usually much-branched: calyx becoming 3-3.5 m ong, e pun corolla deep-lavender ; limb 4—5 mm. wide: nutlets linear- aes about 2.5 mm. long.—Prairies, stream-banks, roadsides, waste pee and bayou- dd various provinces, Miss. to Tex. and Okla.—Spr.—fal 9. V. offi s L. ual, e bd tall, glabrous or cM so: leaves 2-6 em. un ie of po pud 1-2-pinnatifid and incised: spikes no slender: ealyx 2 mm. long: e coral "Eine or Set tube en less than 3 m g d bout 1.5 mm. long.— ( ied oun A.)—Roadsides, fields, an D -plaees, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif, and Tenn. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.) — pr. —fall. 10. V. riparia Raf. Annual, 6-15 dm. tall, md pubescent: leaves 4—14 em. lo Ong; repr of the lower ones 3-parte ed or 1-2- -pinnatifid: spikes slender: calyx becoming 3 mm. long: corolla light blu E tube mostly over 3 mm. long; lobes doppi or notched: sede en about 2 mm, long.—River banks, Piedmont, N. C. to N. J.—Spr.— rem V. bracteosa Michx. Annual, BS —" or procumbent branches 1-5 long, hirsute: leaves 1-6.5 c . long; blades pinnatifid, 2-3 cm. long: spikes thick, sessile, continuous or pine S0: pe becoming 3—4 mm. long: eorolla pur ple or bluish; limb 2-2.5 mm. wide: ts linear, 2-2.5 mm. long. —Prairies, roadsides , fields, el and n places, various dad Fla. to Tex. Calif, B. G, Minn., and pr.— in the Mediterranean region, Y. supina L. with , finely divided UM blades, pat Pa and a calyx about equalling the very thick fruit, occurs on ballast at Mobile, Ala. V. brasiliensis Vellozo. Annual, 6-25 dm. tall, finely pubescent above: leaves 3-8 em. long; blades elliptie to linear- -elliptie or lanceolate, sha arply sone at least above the middle: spikes not crowded: ae becoming 3.5 i or longer: corolla purple or lilac: limb about 2.5 mm. wide: nutlets narrowly ao t 1.5 mm. s NDS and a soil, Coastal Plain, La. Nat. of trop. Am.—Sum 13. V. bonar lensis L. Annual, 6- 20 dm . tall, villous-hirsute above: leaves 4— 10 em. long; 7 blades elliptic to elliptie- lanceolate, broadly serrate at least above 72 the middle: spikes crowded: calyx becoming 3.5 mm. long: corolla purplish, or rarely white: limb about 2 mm. wide: nutlets narrowly ellipsoid, 2 mm. long — Waste-places, : Hm ben banks, Coastal Plain, Ala. to Ark. and " S. —Spr S. C.—Nat. of pr.— —This and the following species are among the most EDU ee of Feat aia 1138 VERBENACEAE 14. V. rigida (L.) Spreng. 1 di stem and branches decumbent, 6 d ; b he base: spikes stou x ; long: corolla deep-purple, rarely paler; tu be fu uly ae bo long as the e aig imb 6-11 mm. wi ipsoi . long. d -places, ae Plain, W Fla. to Tex. and N Na t. of S. Spr.-sum.—This plant forms large, spreading pos of pn purple pr ies and in eee -places in Louisiana and T 3. GLANDULA Gmel. Annual or (ours) perennial herbs. Leaf-blades coarsely toothed t a Flowers in depressed capitate spikes | which elongate somewhat in age. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed. Corolla white or . e salverform. Anthers of the longer stamens with an appendaged con- nective. Fruit an aggregate of 4 nutlets in the bottom of the ealyx.—About 25 species, American.— VERBENAS. Corolla rose-purple, pink, or whit Leaf-blades toothed, incised, lobe d, or Do i segments broad. ip of the longer calyx- lobes subulate, 1 mm. 1. G. maritima. | Tip of the longer calyx-lobes bristle- ‘like, 2— 2 long. Hen pond or incis Eu -pin nnatifid : EL 2.5-3 m long, stout, pitted from near the base i "e apex. Leaf- d l-pinnatifid: calyx 12 mm. long or Leaf-blades | p to ovate-lanceolate, uneate the base. 2. G. Lambertii. Leaf-blades Bee ovate to deltoid, cordate oadly truncate at the base 3. G. canadensis. eae 2-pinnatifid: calyx 10 mm. long or less. 4. G. Drummondii. ur rc serrate or incised-serrate: nutlets about 4 BE DU Died omen UC mid- dle e 5. G. tampensis. Leaf-blades. a a “the segments narrowly linear to | subula 6. Œ. tenuisecta. 4 Corolla sri T. G. peruviana. 1. G. maritima Small. Stem and branches diffuse or widely creeping, 2-20 dm. long, often sparingly short-pubescent: leaf- blades cuneate to orbicular- vate em. , incised, few- 2. G. Lambertii (Sims 08 Small. Stem and branches 3-6 dm. long, hirsute: leaf-blades typically lanceolate, sometimes ovate-lanceo- late, 3-9 e . long, ineised-pinnatifid, acute or acumina ic at the ap E. — at the base: calyx becoming 11- . long: - rolla showy, rose-purple; ee io long; lobes rounded or slightly mra VERBENACEAE 1139 nutlets mostly 3 mm. long, evenly fine-pitted.—Open woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and S. C.—Spr.-sum. 3. a. canadensis (L.) Small. Stem and branches 3-6 dm. long, minutely E leaf-blades 3-8 cm. long, typically ovate or deltoid, incised- -pin- r mm nutlets about 3 mm. long, irregularly coarse-pitted. [Verbena Aubletia Jacq. canadensis Britton]—Prairies, roadsides, and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ill, and Va.—Spr.—sum.—Does "not grow naturally in Canada. G. D drum ( eee Small. Stem and branches a dm. long, hirsute: leaf-blades 2-5 ¢ vate in out. pam - o tifid, the segments typically narrow: — cum ce Ji mm. long: a showy, e rple; tube about 1-1.5 em. long; lo bed diei eer b rond about 3 mm. ie evenly fine-pitte ted. [Verbena Drwmmondi Bax npe s ere = ftom s, and woods, various provinces, La. to N. M., Kans., and Va.—Spr.-su b. G. tampensis (Nash) Small. Stem and branches ascending or decumbent, 2-6 dm ; ong usually minutely pubescent: leaf-blades lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 2-8 c . long, coarsely serrate or incised-serrate: calyx 12-15 mm. long, the longer lobes setaceous-subulate: e oro purple: tube fully 1.5 em. long: utlets 4 mm. long, coarsely pitted on the middle a the apex. [Verbena tampensis Nash]-—Sandy hammocks, pen, Fla.—Spr.—fal 6. tenuisecta (Briq.) Small. Stenf and branches decumbent or proeumbent, strigillose ind Ww tee harrowly linear to po Poor iss g: m. long; lobes short-setaceous: coro 1 but showy, rose- purple, uut ee white; tube about 1 cm. long; lobes noche nutlets 3.5 mm. ione pitted Love the middle. [ Verbena tenuisecta Briq.]—Sandy woods, any soil and waste-places, sae Plain, Fla. and Ga. to La. Nat. of S. A. — Sum see or all year S.—This is the species commonly known as Verbena erinoides r Moss VER RBENA. G. peruviana a) Small. Stem red branches iie cup and ereeping, tube about 2 em. long; lobes notched: nutlets about 4 mm. long, striate- ribbed below the middle, cross-ribbed above it. E ena chamaedrifolia Juss. | er Seal ocr and roadsides, pen. Fla. Nat. of S. Am—(W. I. Mex., C. A. —Spr.—fall. 4, PHYLA Lour. Perennial procumbent or creeping herbs. Leaf-blades toothed or lobed. Flowers in congested axillary spikes, the bracts cuneate to flabellate. mks short, flattened, 2-lobed. Corolla 2-lipped: tube slightly exceeding the calyx. Fruit as broad as long.—About 30 species, mostly in tropical uei IE FROG-FRUITS. Plant herbaceous: leaf-blades not rugos Leaf- Roi mostly broadest above the middle, toothed 2m above the middle to apex: calyx-lobes shorter than the tube: fruit a cent at the apex 1. P. a Leaf-blades mostly broadest below the middle, toothed from below the middle to the apex: calyx-lobes longer the tube: fruit glabrous. than . P. lanceo Plant partly woody below : leaf-blades rugose. . P. Stocchadi itu: eto 1. P. nodiflora (L.) Greene. Plants soft-strigillose, with creeping branches 2-13 dm. long: leaf- blades spatulate, 1-3 em. long: spikes 10-30 mm. long: 1140 | VERBENACEAE ealyx about 2 mm. long: lia p or un white, about 2 mm. long: fruits about mm. long. Qus nodiflora Michx. ] low sandy places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., i eel (W. I., Mex , C. A, S. A.) —All yea 2. P. lanceolata (Michx.) Greene. Branches creeping, 1-4 dm. long: dut ae elliptic-lanceolate n lanceolate, 1. es ong: spikes 9- ong; braet EU dilate corolla bluish. white about 3 ‘mm. long. [Lippia lanceolata Michx.]— e banks and shores, various Dore) Fla. to Tex., Minn., and N. J.—Spr.-sum. -- 3. P. stoechadifolia (L.) Small. Plant rough-strigillose, e or with vine- like branches: leaf- cag es thick, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 2-12 em. long, acute, serrate, rugose, the veins impressed above, pro put "ben eath: heads globose or depressed, pem ming s ab sometimes elongate: calyx 2-2.5 long: corolla purplish, about 3 long: fruit 1.5-2 mm. long. [Lippia pie et ee H.B.K.]—Prairies, fui. Keys, Fla.—(JF. I.)—-All yea 5. GONIOSTACHYUM Small. Shrubs or shrubby plants. Leaf-blades mostly toothed. Flowers in congeste i r f within, much longer nu the calyx—Six or 8 species, in tropical America. 1. G. citrosum Small. Stems pale-gray or whitish: leaf-blades iu 5s to elliptic- sha Fla — (W. I. )—All yea 6. PRIVA Adans. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades thin, toothed. Flowers in elongate slender spikes or racemes. Calyx -obed. Corolla white or lavender, slightly 2-lipped. Stamens 4. Staminodia minute or obsolete. Nutlets tubereulate or spiny.— About 10 species, of tropical regions. 1. P. lappulac (L.) Pers. Stems 2-6 E echinata Juss. |—(VELVET- pe ae ocks and cult. grounds, Key Wes pra I., Mez., C. A., S. A.). VERBENACEAE 1141 onchea prismatica (Jacq.) Kuntze, an annual resembling Valerianoides, but with four perfect stamens, has been found on ballast at Mobile Bay. 7. VALERIANOIDES Boerh. Herbs, or shrubby plants. Leaf-blades toothed. Flowers sessile on a t rachis j C colored, salverform, slightly 2-lipped Stamens 2. 'Staminodia 2.—A bout 40 species, of tropie regions. V. jamaicensis d pe Plant with ee or decumbent branches, 6- iB dm. long: leaf-blades elliptic, ore or ov val, 2-8 cm. long: spikes vi irgate, quill- like: ae ee violet, 8-11 mm. lon ng ; limb 7— 8.5 n vide. [Stac dci me jamaicensis (L )v i1]—Pinelands coastal sand-dunes and waste-pl , S pen. Fla., Florida Keys, S. A.) and S Ala POP. L, Mex. C. A., 8. LANTANA L hr rel Leaf-blades toothed. Flowers i Much 24 5d spikes. Calyx ahal lowly 2—5-lobed or truncate. Corolla white or colored: tube slightly curved: limb irregular. Stamens 4. rupes more or less juicy.—About 60 species, in warm and tropical regions.—Spr.-fall or all year S.—SHRUB-VERBENAS. e bracted, but not involucrate. Ste jene branches prickle-armed : leaf- blades strigose: corolla-tube over 12 mm. Stem: a ‘and branches aparmi armed with weak duds or less curved prickles: rollas yellow to oran 1. L. Camara. Stems and branches COBIoE SN armed with Sout, rigid, : hooked prickles: corollas yellow ae purple. 2. L. aculeata. Stem and branches not prickle-armed: leaf-blades not stri- gose: corolla-tube 10 mm. long or less. Plants with prostrate stems and branches: drupes 2.5-3.5 mm. long. 3. L. depressa. NIU with erect stems and branches: drupes 4-5 mm. 4. L. ovatifolia. no diede decidedly ee ate. es oo or utish, coarsely toothed: corolla-tube . 10 m long: 5. L. Sellowiana. Leaf-blades rounded or retuse at the apex, crenulate: corolla- tube 2-4 mm. 6. L.involucrata. 1. L. Camara L. Shru nas armed branehes, 10-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to elliptie-ovate, M 7 em. long; corolla usually cream, yellow or pink, later E to orange or searlet; limb 6-8 mm. high.—T'wo forms of this species occur in Florida: one with acuminate leaf- blades, derived from plants commonly cultiv ation appa arently from the Wes t Indies, the othe native plant with ete rela- tively coarser-toothed leaf-blades.—In " sandy n Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., and Ga. L. aculeata Shrub with ead and igidly bod branches, 2.5 dm. tall o less: leaf- blades ovate, often br oadly bn 3-6 m. long: corolla yellow, changing to orange or purple; limb 7-9 mm. high.—Pinelands, and cult. grounds, pen. Fla. Nat. of W. I 1142 VERBENACEAE L. depressa Small. Shrub with unarmed prostrate branches, 2-11 dm. ong a "blades ovate P np. 1-3.5 em. long: spikes less than 2.5 c no rolla yellow; tube 5—6 ong; stone of the drupe globose, 25-35 jud scarcely beaked. ed Everglade Keys, Fla 4. L. ovatifolia Britton. Shrub 2 m. tall or less: leaf-blades ovate, 3-7 em. long, erenate-serrate: spikes over 2.5 em. Wide: eorolla yellow; tube 9-10 mm. long: stone of the drupe ovoid, 4-5 mm. long, beaked. — Hammocks, S. pen. Fla.— 5. L. Sellowiana Link & Otto. Shrub 3-18 dm. tall, with tomentulose foliage: leaf-blades ovate, oval, or elliptie-ovate, 1-3 em. long, a abruptly narrowed or truneate at the base: corolla magenta or lilae; tube puberulent; limb 8-18 mm. high, the lower lobe elongate.—(POLECAT- GERANIUM. WEEPING-LANTANA. Um Roadsides, waste-plaees, pinelands, and woods, Fla. Nat. of S. A.—(IF. I.) 6. hrub 4—17 dm. tall, E puberulent or tomentulose foliage: rs ds ov val, obovate, to suborbieular, 1-3 em. long, u ud een at bu base: n braets of the involuere 4— m. long, ciliolate: x be- eoming 1.5 mm. long: corolla white or pue. pu Pes tube 2-4 m 2g limb 2-4 mm. high. [L. odorata L.]—(SAGE.) —Pinelan oe hammocks, “sand dunes, S pen . Fla. and Florida Keys; S Tex.—(W. I., Mez., 'C. A . A. ) 9, CITHAREXYLUM L. Shrubs or trees, sometimes spiny. Leaf-blades d mainly entire. Flowers in clusters or idi spikes. Calyx obscurely 5-lobe Corolla mainly : tube straight ne so: limb Monde blique ms equally 5-lob Staminodium present Stigma 2-lobed. Nutlets 2Z.—About 20 spe- cies, tropic American 1. C. fru Shrub or small tree, with Ens paste twigs: leaves 5-15 cm. long; be d elliptie or dus) d veiny: spikes or emes: fruit 9-10 n mm. me : villo Y REED )-— Hammocks and jx pinelands, S pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.— &. (W. I.)—-All year. 10. DURANTA L. d or trees, often spine-armed. Leaf-blades en- tire or toothed. Flow in raeemes. Calyx more or less prominently but minutely 5-lobed; the M plieate. Corolla salverform or funnelform: tube mainly curved: limb slightly unequally 5-lobed, Staminodium mostly obsolete. Stigma 4- d or capitate. Nutlets 4. — About 8 species, tropic Americ D. repens L. Shrub or small tree: leaf- blades ovate-elliptie, oval or obovate, 1.5— m. | fr ut 7-11 mm. in diameter, enclosed in the VERBENACEAE | J 1143 ealyx. [D. Plumieri Jacq. a -DEWDROP.)—Hammocks, Everglade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—The accrescent calyx be- cone golden-yellow. 11. CALLICARPA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades simple. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx shallowly 4-lobed or nearly truncate. Corolla white or colored, rotate-funnelform or funnelform, F typically 4-lobed, the tube straight. Fila- ments adnate to the corolla-tube, glabrous. Stigmas ee Drupe very juicy.—About 35 species, American, Asiatic, and Afri- can.—BEAUTY-BERRIES. C. americana L. Shrub 1-2 m . tall, a vine, stellate-pubescent: leaf- blades RI elliptie or xe serrate: calyx 1-1. m. (e ng: e i vide, fruit ix or magenta, 4-5 mm eter.—(FRENCH-MULBERRY.)— Woo thick- ets, hammocks and pinelands, Coas tal Plain and adj. Ds Fla. Tex Ar k., and S Va.—Spr.—fall, or all year northward.—There are white-flowered iu 124 CLERODENDRON pi L. Shrubs or pd or half-shrubs. Leaves opposite: blades simple, toothed. Flowers in dense terminal cym Calyx prominently 5-lobed. Cor ks white or highly Mower funn d or salverform: tube slightly curved: limb 5-lobed. Filaments adnate to above the middle of the corolla-tube. Stigmas slender. Drupe lobed or ribbed.—About 100 species, in tropical regions.—GLORYBOWERS.—Spr.—fall, or all year S. Corolla-tube slightly exceeding the calyx: calyx-lobes as long as the Ha or longer. 1. C. fragrans. Corolla-tube several times longer than the calyx: calyx-lobes shorter than the tube. 2. C. foetidum. 1. C.fragrans Vent. Shrub 1-3 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate to deltoid, 9-25 e long, mostly abruptly pointed, coar v on d E toothed, finely pubescent beneath, truncate or shallowly cordate base, o p eymes conges era ca a 15-19 mm. long; lobes subulate or subulate- TRTA acuminate, VINEA ipe: 22—28 mm. long; lobes nearly as long as e tube, or shorter, white or blue-tinged. Pest] represented by the d with double-flowers. —Thickets, roadsides, waste-places, Fla. Nat. of eastern Asia —(W I 2. C. Bunge. Shrub 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades deltoid-ovate, 6-15 cm. long, & sli ser- at the ba long-petioled: cymes rather compact: calyx 5-6 mm. long; lobes triangular-lanceolate, 1144 AVICENNIACEAE shorter than the tube: corolla 18-22 mm. long; tube very ad lobes lilae or red-purple.—Fields and roadsides, Coastal Plain, N Fla. t 13. SIPHONANTHUS L. Shrubs or half-shrubs. entire. curved. Filam the corolla-tube. Corolla white or nearly c © ents "i te to the middle of Nat t. of China. Leaf-blades simple, Flowers in axillary cymes, sometimes aggregated in a panicle. loosely spreading. . so, slender-funnelfor 5-lo the tu Calyx Stigmas slender. Drupe/7-7; obed.—About 6 species, natives of the Old j World tropics. . S. indicus L. Plant 1-4 tall, the twigs glabrous: leaf- blades RA or m. elliptic Cage oe to elliptic, 5-16 c long, enti labrous, cr tioled : ealy: 13-1 obes ovat 1 | i drupe 8-10 mm. long.—(TuRK’s- pO ( —Waste-places, roadsides, and us Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C. Nat. of E. I. and cult.—(W. I., Mez., S. A.)—The black fruits are conspieuous. 14. VITEX L. rarely 1-foliolate. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades VG compound or Flowers in open terminal es cymes. Calyx shal- the base.—Abo 60 AME ut widely dis- tributed in warm regio l. V. Agnus-Castus L. Shrub 1-3 m. tall, pale-pubescent: leaf-blades 7- foliolate, the mirae I linear d bp bun blades 2—10 ong: flow e t X 2-2.5 m ict ES diate: Or purplish; limb 5-6 mm. broad: fruits 3.5—4 lon sides, cent -places, , and about gardens, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., and N. C. Nat. of Old World, and cult.—(W. I.)—Spr.-fall. Famity 11, AVICENNIACEAE — Brack-MANGROVE FAMILY hrubs or trees of maritime regions, the branches terete, nodose. Leaves opposite, persistent: blades entire. l Flowers in axillary and termi- nal small, long-peduncled cymes. Calyx of 5 feuis distinct sepals. Corolla of 4 partially united petals, campanulate-rotate. Androecium of Only the following genus and 3 species, in tropical regions. LAMIACEAE 1145 1. AVICENNIA H Leaf-blades thick. Cymes peduneled. Calyx sub- ended by small bra Corolla incon- spicuous, the tube and me lobes about equal in length. Stamens erect. Stigmas 2. Capsule thick-walled. l. A. nitida Jacq. Shrub, or tree some- m. tall: leaf- ‘blades leathery, el- . long, dark- liptie or nearly so, ; -green above, pale, minutely ds cent pun c lon rolla white; lobes 0 ndy h coastal gan aa Coastal s Fla. As Tex.— (W. I., , C. A., S. A.)—AII y Famity 12. PHRYMACEAE — LOPSEED FAMILY Perennial herbs, with angled stems. Leaves opposite: blades toothed. Flowers in slender 'spikes or spike-lke racemes. yx of 5 partia ally o magenta-tinged, of 5 partially united o 2-lipped, the lower lip 3- lobed. Androecium of 4 didynamous stamens. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels. Fruit an achene included in the deflexed acerescent calyx. Com- prises only the following genus. 1. PHRYMA L. Caulescent herbs with spreading branches. Leaf-blades broad, coarsely toothed, i ed. aay or racemes elongate, the small flowers opposite. Achene in the bottom o the calyx. This genus is dud cis oe in the Verbenaceae. 1. P. leptost achya L. Stems 3-10 d tal, sparingly branched above, reflexed- pubescent: leaf- nt dud - elliptic- piss e -lanceolat 3- 5 m . long, a TA tabo ribbed, lit longer E the slender upper lobes dur ing anthesis: corolla white and ru ied x about a mm. long: achene lon —(Lop ED.) —Rie h aoe od , thiekets arious S m es, Fla., to Tex., Man., N. B.—Sum.-fall. The same or a closely re- lated species grows in eastern Asi FAMILY 13. LAMIACEAE — Mint FAMILY erbs or woody plants, often aromatic. Stems 4-sided. Leaves opposite or whorled: blades simple, entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers perfect, in open or compact cymes. Calyx of 5 partially united sepals, regular or 2-lipped. Corolla of 5 partially united sepals, 2-lipped or nearly regular. Androecium of 2—4 stamens, the pairs often irregular. Gynoecium 2-carpellary. Ovary 4-celled. Fruit of 4 nutlets included 1146 f l LAMIACEAE in the ealyx.—About 160 genera and 3,200 species, widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions. The foliage sometimes abounds in volatile oils. Ovary of. 4 united carpels, merely 4-lobed: style not a i m TEEANY or obliquely attached. e I. Ag Ovary of 4 distinct or nearly distinct carpels: style bass: Calyx with a crest on the upper oe o on the upper lip, the broad lips entire, closed in fru II. SCUTELLARIEAE. Lc Sd crest on the upper side, the lips more or ess lo Stamens included. Calyx with 10 narrow spreading or recurved lobes corolla- tube included in the calyx: Margutum III. STACHYDEAE. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip truncate or with 3 broad lobes, the lower lip with 2 narrow lobes corolla- tube o from the calyx. Dicerandra odoratissima V. SATUREIEAE. Stamens exserted. Corolla conspicuously 2-lipped: lips different, the "n pper concave. mee . Anther-bearing stam p III. STACHXDEAE. ! Anther-bearing stame È “IV. MONARDEAE. / e A nearly regular, or m" 2-lipped, the upper lip : t. Stamens 2 or 4; filaments straight and spread- ing, or uer under the upper lip of the corolla. V. SATUREIEAE. Stamens 4, didynamous ; lower pair longer, lying on the lower lip of the corolla. VI. OCIMEAE. d uite di fferent from the other ober calyx 2-lipp p l, the lower lip large: stamens and style nearly straight. 1. TEUCRIUM. Cip stron slightly bilateral, the middle lobe of the lower lip ngly declined : stamens and style strongly curved oiled. 2. 'TRICHOSTEMA. Corolla slightly irregular, the Be o both lips nearly equal, reading: calyx nearly regula 9. ISANTHUS. II. SCUTELLARIEAE Perennial or rarely annual scentless herbs, with pane leaves and more or less 1-sided racemes or panicles 4, SCUTELLARIA. III. STACHYDEAE Stamens included. Msn ut 5. MARRUBIUM. Stamens exserted. Upper pair of filaments longer ia the lower. nther-sacs parallel or nearly s Upper pair of stamens declined, lower pair ascend- ing: erect herbs. 6. AGASTACHE, uo and lower pair of stamens ascending: trail- g herbs. T. MEEHANIA. Amther- -sacs diverging. s in terminal raceme-like panicles: erect 1er 8. NEPET Flov es in axillary clusters: creeping herbs. 9. Garcons. Upper pair of filaments shorter than the lower. Calyx manifestly 2-lipped. Upper lip of the calyx broad, with 3 lobes, the lower with 2 tooth-like lobes 10. PRUNELLA. o lip of the calyx narrow, entire, the lower equal broad lobes 11. MACBRIDEA. Calyx dot 2-lipped, often slightly irregular, but the lobes essentially similar. Tube of the calyx faintly nerved, inflated at maturity. Calyx-lobes 5. . 12. DRACOCEPHALUM. Calyx- lobes 4. "13. SYNANDRA. * .— .— V UD. ee GNE LAMIACEAE 1147 Tube of the calyx prominently 5-10-nerved, not inflated at maturity. Anther-sacs transversely 2-valved. 14. GALEOPSIS. Ant a i. not transversely 2-valved. x lets 3-sided, truneate above. alyx-lobes 'not pns tipped. 15. LAMIUM, Calyx. B spine-ti Calyx-lobes 5. 16. LEONURUS. Cix lobes 8-10. 17. LEONOTIS. Nutlets nearly terete, rounded above. 18. STACHYS. IV. MONARDEAE Connective of the anther elongate, bearing a perfect sac at one end and a rudimentary one at the other: irae cag -throat labrous or merely ciliate at the oo of the lobes 19. SALVIA. . poRna c Short: anther-saes con EE a As not 2-lipped ; tube 15- ribbed ; teeth nearly equal. 20. Mo alyx p lipped ; tube 13- ribbed ; teeth unequal. 21. BOE PA SATUREIEAE l Flowers in axillary whorls or clusters; these sometimes forming terminal spike-like racemes or panicles. Corolla 2-lipped. Filam He Es eonverging under the upper lip of 1e co Anther- heavins stamens 2. Calyx gibbous ; throat closed by hairs: corolla without folds in the throat. 22. IIEDEOMA. Calyx not gibbous; throat not o adi hairs: corolla with 2 folds in the th 3. STACHYDEOMA, E stamens 4. ue strongly bent. TE saes divergent. 24. MELISSA. A r-saes parallel. 25. CONRADINA. os us straight. Cal with 5 nearly equal lobes, not or EU y 2-lipped. Calyx-tube 10-ribbed. 26. PYCNOTHYMUS. Calyx-tube 13-ribbed. 27. MICROMERIA. A. 2-lippe l Anther-sacs awnless. 28. CLINOPODIUM. Anther-saes awned. 29. DICERANDRA Filaments straight, often spreading. Calyx-tube 15d6rved. 30. HYSSOPUS. i st men nther-sacs divergen Calyx equ ually 5- ‘lobed : erect herbs. 31. ORIGANUM. al -lipped : creeping herbs. 32. THYMUS. Anther-saes parallel. 33. KOELLIA. ther-bearing stamens 2. 34. MAPPIA. Corolla nearly regular, with 4-5 lobes NUR bearing stamens 2: foliage ' barely aromatic. 35. LYCOPUS. O Anther-bearing stamens 4: foliage strongly aromatic. 36. MENTHA. Flowers in loose terminal panicles Lower lip of the oe fringed : native plants. Anther-bearing stamens 4. 37. MICHELIELLA. Anther-bearing TE 2. 38. COLLINSONIA. Lower lip of the corolla not fringed : naturalized Poss 39. PERILLA VI MEAE Calyx with nearly equal lobes: corolla eid a saccate droop- ing lower lip. 40. HYPTIS. Calyx with a broad decurrent upper lobe: corolla-lips nearly equal in length. 41. OCIMUM. 1. TEUCRIUM. [Tourn.] L. ae strict herbs. Leaf-blades toothed Flowers in raceme-like panicles. Calyx 2-lipped. Corolla mainly pink, very irregular: upper lip minute, split Dou p 3-lobed, projecting beyond the upper one: tube relatively joue. Siamese lying against the upper side of the eorolla.—More than 100 species, widely distributed.— WOoOD-SAGES. GERMAN- S | 1148 LAMIACEAE Leaf-blades nd rounded at the base: stem closely canescent: uir calyx-lobes acute or acu T. canadense. Leaf-blades mains narrowed at the base: stem downy-canescent: roader calyx-lobes obtuse. Calyx prominently ribbed at maturity: corolla glandular- puberulent. 2. T. Nashii. Calyx not ribbed at maturity: corolla pubescent. 3. T. littorale. T. canadense L. Es 2-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades relatively thin, ovate to elliptic ovate, 6—14 em. long, pubescent be- neath: calyx Benne 6-8 mm. long; lower lobes acuminate: corolla purplish or pink, 15-20 m DE nutlets about 2.5 mm. long, wrinkled.—Lov v groun nds, fields, river- banks, and roadsides, various ‘provi nees, Ga. to Tex., Minn., and Me.—Sum Kearney. Stem 3-14 dm. tall: Pier blades E. elli ipti ie to lanceo- late, long, whitish-pubescent be- SE ie pm ne mm. long; lower m. lo g Hammocks, thickets, and wet grounds, often in ealeareous soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., and S. C.—Spr.-fall or all year T. littorale Bicknell. n 3-5 dm. Bo leaf -blades narrowly elliptie h to elliptic- =e 6-11 cm. long, pale whitish-pube e bene s : calyx becoming 5-6 mm. long; lower jobs Nero pur olla pale-pink, 15-17 mm. long: nutlets 2 mm. long. —Low sandy soil, Coastal Plain and New England coast, Fla. to Me.—Sum . TRICHOSTEMA. L. Annual or perennial herbs or cao plants. Leaf-blades entire or repand. Flowers in psum A iid Calyx irregular, 2-lipped. Corolla somewhat 2-lipped, the upper hing, S S uice surpassing pe the lower lip. Stamens lying against the lower ion -lip.—About 10 species, North American.—The calyx becomes inverted in fruit. Annual plant: leaf-blades of a linear or elliptic type. oliage viscid-pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic or lanceolate. To purum Foliage glabrous or viscid- puberulent: leaf-blades linear. 2. T. linear Perennial or biennial plant : leaf-blades of an obovate type. 3. T. SUP TI CECEREE T. dichotomum a Plant 1-20 dm. tall: leaf- iss elliptic to broad- lanceolate, 2-7 em. long: ae becoming 5-6 mm. long; lobes acuminate: corolla blue to.white, about 5 mm. lon Fla. to Tex., Mo. and Me.—Sum., or all e Nutt. Plant "> dm. coming 5-6 mm. times pale, 6-10 mm. lo n nutle long.—Sandy soil, "fields, thickets, Plain, ay New En ngland. coast, Fla. and Conn.—Sum 3. T. suffrutescens Kearney. Plant 2-4 dm tall: leaf- blades obovate to oblong- d ue LAMIACEAE 1149 0.5-1.5 em. long: ealyx beeoming 5-6 mm. long; corolla deep-blue, 6-8 mm. long: nutlets 1.5 mm. long.—Scrub, Fla.—Spr. 3. ISANTHUS Michx. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades entire or sparingly toothed. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx nearly regular. Corolla nearly regular, the lobes spreading. Stamens slightly ascending ——One species. 1. I. brachiatus (L.) B.S.P. Plant 1-4 dm. tall, viseid- PRU. leaf-blades ellip- ie to linear-e elliptic, 1-4 em. long: calyx becoming 5-6 mm. long; lobes lanceolate to a blue; 5 : s acts after the manner of a es taking almost complete possession of cently abandoned fields, especially on d hillsides 4. SCUTELLARIA L. Annual or perennial herbs or shrubby plants. Leaf-blades entire or toothed. SONT ers axillary or in racemes, variously colored, blue, violet, or white i species. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip crested. orolla with a long ea rs 2- me the upper lip arching.—About 100 species, widely distributed.—SKULLCAPS. HELMET-FLOWERS Nutlets wingless, on a low gyn obase. Flowers in axillary, secund racemes, I, LATERIFLORAE. Flowers solitary in the axils or in ‘terminal panicles. Flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, ap- pearing raceme-like, but each pedicel bearing two bractlets pO its base. II. AMBIGUAE. Flowers in terminal or axillary panicle eaf-blades above the middle of the stem cordate. III. CORDATAE. Leaf-blades above the middle x E ay abruptly or gradually narrowed a e bas Leaves all with toothed P get IV. SERRATAE. Leaves all, or those above the middle of stem with entire blades. V. INTEGRIFOLIAE. Nutlets membrano winged, on a slender gynobase. VI. NERVOSAE. I. LATERIFLORAE xi eod DE with long axillary racemes of very small 1l. S. lateriflora. II. AMBIGU Leaf-blades mainly toothed, lanceolate, uu corolla .0-2 cm. long. 2. S. epilobifolia. Leaf-blades main n entire, ovate or ovate-lanceolate: corolla less t .) em. lon Leaf-blades an distinctly Betioleda roots fibrous 8. S. havanensis. Leaf-blades (ex basal ones) all sessile or nearly SO: roo ae EOD CROUE- thickened. SC SEIRDEOUS or puberulent: leaf-blades often revo- 4. S. ambigua. stem densely and softly glandular-pubescent: leaf- l blades usually flat. -5. S. parvula. III. CORDATAE Foliage, bed al the internodes of the stem and in- flor cence, copiously pubescent. 1 AME by Edward Johnston Alexander. 1150 LAMIACEAE ud leaves with petioles less than 4% as long as the lades Leaf blades suborbicular to broadly ovate: inflores- cence pubescent with short close-set hairs 6. S. Oemulgee. Leaf-blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, calves in- florescence pubescent with villous hairs. 7. S. Cuthbertii. Larger des with petioles over l5 as long as the Corolla less than 15 mm. long. 8. S. arguta. Corolla over 15 mm. lon 9 Foliage poem PE with acerca hairs at the nodes of the stem and in the inflorescence. 10. S. saxatilis. IV. SERRATAE Corolla less than 2 c Le "d a EEO abov Corolla pubescent : Gage not glandular-pubescent. 11. S. incana. Corolla glabrous or nearly so: calyx glandular- pubescent. . S. alabamensis. Leaf-blades pubesce Leaf-blades in m Ene serrate. 13. S. Altamaha. DR d b obtuse, coarsely crenate. 14. S. ovalifolia. Corolla Fe 2c EH Foliage sabre nearly so: inflorescence not branched, ap a raceme-like. 5. S. serrata. p Poiape especially the stem, “finel y and closely pubes- ent: inflorescence branched, thus showing its paniculata Pu Corolla between 2 and 2.5 s S 16. S. Mellichampii. Corolla between 2.5 and 3 c lon Leaf-blades acute, "relatively er corolla nearly labrous. DOE obtuse, relatively small: corolla . montana. art ~] Nn 18. S. arenicola. . ÍNTEGRIFOLIAE Upper lip of the corolla shorter than the throat. Leaf-blades and corollas glabrous or nearly so. 19. S. glabriuscula. Leaf-bl a es and corollas variously pubescent. Upper lip of the corolla exceeding the lowe 20. S. integrifolia. Ue ib of the corolla exceeded by the em 21. S. multiglandulosa. Upper lip of the corolla longer than the throat. 22. S. floridana. VI. NERV Slender plant: blades of the lower leaves slender. Daoa those of the upper ones sessile : bracts nearly e 23. S. nervosa. S. lateriflora L. Plant erect or recl ining, 2-10 dm. long, glabrous or puberu ulent above: ed bend thinnish, ovate to ovate- lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, eoarsely-serrate: flow eeund and erowded 1 eral in lat racemes rit, coming 3—4 mm long: corol —7 mm. long: nutlets about BES 1 mm. g.—(Map-Doc SK j— = aea stream-banks, and ee various pro Fla. to N. M., B. C., Ont., and Ne irr ox —fall. 2. S. epilobifolia Hamilt. Plant 2-9 dm tall, som Tende olate to ovate-laneeolate, 2-6 em. long, dodi s very short petioled or ses- sile: calyx becoming 6—7 mm. long: corolla = out mm. galericulata (Chapm. Fl. Fl. . 8.) ]— Wet thickets un swamps, Blue Ridge and more northern ea N. C. to Tenn., Nebr., N. M., Ariz., Alas., Ont., and Newf.—Sum.—fal 3. S. havanensis J acq. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, hoary-pubescent: leaf-blades orbieular-ovate to ovate, 3-6 mm. long, those of the lower ones sometimes shal- LAMIACEAE 1151 lowly Eee calyx becoming 3 mm. long: corolla 13-14 mm. long; lower lip 7-8 mm. wide: nutlets fully 1 mm. long. [S. cubensis A. Ric E S. longiflora mi ]- -Pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla.—(W. I. )—AIL yea mbigua Nutt. Plant 0.5—4 dm. tall, glabrous. or puberulent: leaf-blades . long; lower lip 4-4.5 mm. wide: nutlets fully 1 mm. E parvula (Fl. SE. U. S.)]—Dry soil, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., S. D., and Que.— m. arvula Miehx. Plant 0.5-4 dm. tall, densely and softly glandular- pubescent: leaf-blades age teens to ovate, or ovate- lan sad raed on the upper part of the stem, 1-2 em. long: calyx becoming 5-6 mm. long: corolla 6—10 mm. long; lower li ip 3.5-4 mm. wide: nutlets barely 1 mm. XR ng. [S. campestris , Ia., and a a or damp 56il, various provinces, Ga. to Tex. Kans. Que 6. S. on mulgee Small Plant 4- a dm. tall, age RT leaf-blades hickish, e to ovate, 3-8 e . long, c crenate: a 20-25 mm. long; lower lip 6-7 wide.—River- RUM in the eee a Ga Sum 7. S. Cuthbertii Alexander. Plant 2-6 dm. tall, softly-pubescent, especially ere leaf-blades firm, ovate t ee -lanceolate, acute, soft, velvety-pubescent above and beneath, petioles aa larger veins usually purplish, 2-7 ¢ n crenate: inflorescence _ villous with FTE ar ai rl braeted, the o ae cordate ve D oming 5-7 m m. long: corolla 16-20 mm. lon ng; lower lip about 6 m ong, 8 mm. wide — Rich end Or aa ood. Pied- on and A AA Ga. and Ala Nus . arguta Buekl. Plant 3-5 dm. tall pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic- -ovate, 2—5 E . long, Er erenate- dentate; calyx becoming 5 mm. long: a 19-14 m . long; lower lip 5-6 mm. wide: nutlets 1 mm. o — Hil- Pid "Blue Ridge, Ga. to N. Cp —Sum. .9. S. ovata Hil. Plant 1-6 dm. pe softly- P leaf-blades orbicular- ovate to lance-ovate, 3—10 cm. long, serrate: inflor vindi cane gear? bracted (conspicuously ap ae ee blades D beneath S. bracteata): calyx becoming 6-7 mm. long: corolla 19-21 m B doas ome Tip about 6 mm. pe ng an 6 mm d deeply icd at the apex: nutlets about 1.5 mm. long. LS. cordifolia Muhl. E versicolor Nutt.|—Moist banks, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn, and Pa.—Spr.-sum. 10. S. saxatilis Riddell. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, nearly d doen ie leaf- blades os or ovate to ovate- lanceolate, 1-4 ong, Pr erenate r serrate-e oda calyx becoming 4-5 mm. long: EA 19-1 mm. long; ae P 5-6 m. wide: pr 1 mm. long.—Sandy soil various Lon Ga. , Ohio, d Del.—Spr. & sum. 11. S. incana Muhl. Plant 5-12 dm. tall, finely-pubescent : ed blades 4-12 em. long, serrate or crenate-serrate, usually ‘pubescent beneath: calyx becomin 6-7 mm. long, canescent “a white, ee hairs: corolla pas mm. long; lower lip nns wide: nutlets about 1.5 mm. long. [S. canescens Nutt. S. villosa L]— “Woods poss banks, p thiekets, various BUE nees N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Mich., and Ont.—Sum 12. S. alabamensis Alexander. Plant 4.5-7 em. tall, x d s pec below: leaf-blades ovate or ovate lanceolate bu elliptic, 4-5 e rate- erenate, ciliate on the margin and veins in Cee nce sae and crowded, hirsute with eglandular hairs: E endis pubescent : Cordi glabrous or nearly so, 18-20 mm. long; upper lip as long as the throat or 1152 LAMIACEAE slightly eee lower lip 6-8 mm. wide.—Dry woods, Appalachian Valley, Ala.—Sum 13. S. tamaha Small. Plant 2-4 dm. tall, d eanescent: leaf-blades ovate to oe pane pb ed, 1.5-5 mm rate, 5 : long, se the e lobe usually acute: inflorescence very. ciel Med eae “tales becoming 4 mm long: corolla ii T mm. long ; ; lower lip 5-6 mm. wide.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.- 14. S. lifolia Pers. Plant 1-6 dm. tall, finely nn with long, spread- ing hairs: leaf-blades ovate or deltoid- ovate, 1.5—4.5 em. long, coarsely crenate, . the terminal lobe usually osi ealyx becoming spor! mm. long: corolla 12-15 mm. long; lower lip 5-7 mm. wide: nutlets about 1 mm. long. -[S. pilosa a 1 Dus banks, woods, and bien various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mich., and N. Y.—Spr. 15. S. serrata Andr. Plant 2-7 dm. tall, uidi imes puberulent: leaf-blades Ed oval, rds. or ovate, 4—10 em. long, serrate or ud ipa ealyx becoming 6 m. long: corolla 20 -25 mm. long; lower lip 7 wi nutlets o I. 5 mm. long.—Woods, various c e N of Coastal Plain, Ala, o Ill, N. Y., and S. C.—Spr. S. Mellichampii Small Plant 4-6 dm. e — pn aad blades ovate to ur aoe -oval, 3-6 cm. long, eu alyx ming 4-5 long: corolla 20-2 . lo xL ogee lip 8-9 mm. aie bas soil, Coastal Plain, Ga. and 8. c. oun 7. S. mo a Chapm. Plant 3-5 dm. tall, softly pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to oe iu or elliptie, - a em. long, co ag crenate-serrate, pane te at the base: calyx becoming 7 long: a 28-35 mm. long; lower lip 10-12 mm. wide.—Woods and chick ate: Blue pee and eese Valley,-Ga. and Ala.— Sum. 18. S. arenicola Small. Plant 2—4 dm. tall, finely nein per inis ovate to e UE 1.5-3 em. long, sharply serrate or crenate-serr alyx oming 5 mm. long: co rolla 20-26 mm. long; lower lip 9-10 mm. de ene 1-1.5 mm. ene -—Sandy pinelands and scrub, pen. Fla.—Sum 19. S. glabriuscula Fernald. Plant 3-6 dm. tall, puberulent: pages of the ower a elliptic, those of the upper 1 linear -spatulate, entire: infloresce nce short-branched : s becoming 5-5 ong: corolla. Seer glabrous, 2 23- 26 mm. o. ; lower lip 8-9 mm. a nae ae ——Sandy soil, N Fla à —fall. S. integrifolia L. Plant 2-6 dm. tall, softly pubescent: blades of the ia leaves ovate to elliptic-ovate, coarsely crenate, those of the upper ones ating to |. bind or linear, entire: inflorescence branched un- branched: x becoming 6—7 mm. long: corolla p blue-violet, 21— 25 m nd. pets rn " shallo ws notched: m i 1 mm. long.—Woo ods , pastores and thiekets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo. und Mass.—Spr. 1. S. multiglandulosa (Kearney) n Plant 1- 2 A pus tall, acre pubescent leaf-blades v pines those of the lower lea val to 'elliptie 1-2 . long, often coarsely e nate, pes of the upper ie. elliptic to linear- eed entire: inflor ee ce not branched; enis diae 5-6 mm. long: ene o -blue or often white, 20-25 mm. long; lower lip 4-lobed, 10-11 ets 1.5 mm. long.—Dry ie and nad fields, "Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Spr. | oe Chapm. Plant 2-4 dm. tall, puberulent: leaf-blades eripi linear, 1-2.5 em. long, entire: inflorescence not branched; calyx becoming LAMIACEAE 1153 long: corolla blue-violet, 20-25 mm. long ; ; lower lip 12-13 mm. wide, dou. notched.—Pineland swamps, Fla.—Sum 23. S. nervosa Pursh. Plant 1-4 cm. tall minutely p leaf-blades a to ovate or lanceolate oe 94 cm. long, undulate or Seide de il becoming about 5 mm. long: cor olla 6— 10 m m. long; ; lower lip wide: nutlets 1-2 lore. — Thickets and woods, various a neces N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Mo. and Ont.—Spr.-sum 9. MARRUBIUM [Tourn.] L. “Perennial low or diffuse herbs. Leaf- blades toothed, often rugose. Flowers in dense axillary clusters. Calyx nearly regular, 10-lobed; lobes slender, spreading ‘or recurved, sometimes unequal. Corolla 2- lipped: upper lip erect: lower lip spread- the ipu middle lobe much larger than 2 lateral ones. Filaments somewhat da than A anthers.—About 40 species, natives of the Old World. e L. Plant 2-9 dm. tall, white- ME leaf. blades xcd oval, , 1-4 em. long, crenate, rugose calyx 1o is Ee ; lobes hooked: Cord white, 5-6 long; upper lip deeply notched: ie BE 2 mm. long.— (HOARHOUND. )— po waste- PR and on roadsides, Me provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C., and Me. Native of Eu.—(Mez.)—Spr.-s 6. AGASTACHE Clayt. Perennial tall herbs. Leaf-blades many-toothed, not rugose. Flowers many in dense panicles. Calyx nearly regular, scarcely j ; 1 h e a large spreading middle lobe. Filaments elongate. [Lophanthus Ben th., in part.]—A bout 8 species, North Ameriean.—Sum.—Gi1ANT HYSSOPS. Calyx-lobes obtuse or acute: corolla greenish-yellow: prec e TO nepetoi Calyx-lobes acuminate: corolla purplish: bracts acuminate, 2. A.s crophulariaefolia. A. nepetoides (L.) Kuntze. Stem glabrous - nearly so, 1-2 m. tall: leaf- blades ovate to ovate- "NECI. 5-12 em. long: calyx 5-6 mm. long; lobes ovate or elliptic er corolla 7-9 mm. long, anon exceeding the calyx: oe s minutely l pub [L. nepetoides Benth. ]— sides, EO. and woods, ae provinces, Ga. to Ky., Minn., Que., and Mas 2. A. E ee (Wild.) Kuntze. Stem finely hirsute, 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate to ovate- PRORA or elliptie above: re 6-7 mm. long; lobes la Ere a 6-8 mm. long, much ris e sd hispidulous. [L. s Dono: oti th.]—Thickets, woods, an nd fence-rows, ux provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C., to Mo., Ont., and N. H. 79 1154 LAMIACEAE 7. MEEHANIA Britton. Perennial decumbent or creeping herbs. Leaf- blades few, crenate. Flowers few in a l- sided raceme. Calyx nearly regular, 15-ribbed, 5- lobed; lobes erect. Du 2- longer than the 2 lateral ones. Filaments not exceeding the upper corrolla-lip.—One species. 1. M. baee Ao Britton. Stem an nd r ners 1.5-11 est spa pi nds ee leaf- r to rarely white, 2. cm. long; nutlets about 2 mm. long. [Cedronella c cordata Benth. NU oe various provinces N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Tenn., Ky., and Pa.—Spr.- 8. NEPETA L. Annual or perennial, erect, branching herbs. Leaf-blades toothed or ineised. wers in axillary elusters whieh are sometimes borne in lobed: lo slightly longer than the lower. ee 2-lipped: upper lip erect: lower lip spreading, the larger middle lobe toothed. Filaments relatively slender, usually filiform.——A mount 150 species, Eurasian. 1. N. Cataria L. Plant pale-green, 3-11 dm. tall, e ene -pubeseent: leaf-blades ovate to tri- angular-ov 4—7 em. ae erenate or Mig crenate, Dis eordate: ealyx 5-6 mm. long; lobes subulate or lanceolate- dads corolla pale, va ds ted, 6-7 mm. long: n cd about 1 m ong.— (CAT-MINT. CATNIP.) —W aste- Mem du woods, and roadsides, uis pore Ga. to La., Kans., Minn. and N. B. Nat of Eu.—Sum.—fall. 9. GLECOMA L. Perennial creeping herbs. Leaf-blades toothed. Flow- ers in axillary clusters. Calyx slightly 2- epee 15-ribbed, 5-lobed: lobes unequal, relatively short. Corolla 2-lippe upper lip erect: lower "E ci eading, the noo: middle lobe notched. laments relatively slender.—About 6 species, dm G. hederacea L. Plant dark-green, the Rua 1-11 dm. long, hirsute: leaf-blades reniform to suborbieular, uti em. i nou ate: cal nutlets o uA mm E [Nepeta | —7 ‘oh subulate-tipped: coroll TN or ae 10-15 mm. long: Glechoma "Benth .] — Gro á THE-GROUND. )— Bänke a thickets, cedi 3 NOUS Ga. to Kans., Ont., and Newf. Nat. —Spr. LAMIACEAE 1155 10. PRUNELLA L. Perennial erect or diffuse herbs. Leaf-blades tcothed or laciniate. Flowers mostly in compact panicles. Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip with 3 broad lobes: lower lip with 2 narrow lobes. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip arched: lower lip with the broad middle lobe generally toothed. Filaments relatively long, 2 of them i at the apex. [Brunella L.]—About 5 species, widely distributed.—SELF-HEALS. HEALS-ALLS. BLUE-CURLS Leaf-blades entire or shallowly toothed: calyx 10—11 mm. long; lobes of the lower lip subulate tipped. 1. P. vulgaris. Leaf-blades, at least the upper ones, pinnatifid: calyx 8-9 mm. long; lobes of the lower lip lanceolate. 2. P. laciniata. "m hi vulgaris L. Stem 0.5-4 dm. long: leaf-blades ovate, elliptic, n lanceo- , 2—7.5 em. long, un o bracts mostly reniform: ca lyx 10-11 mm. long; corolla i. of the upper lip m nate purple or ibn. pice) 14.18 m. long: nutlets about — (CARPENTER- long. —Fields, “thickets = waste-places, U; S. and an., Nat pr.-fall.— Also called SNAKEWEED mon the belief that a snake hole is hidden under the plant. a L. Plant similar to P. vulgaris in d but od Lan e blades of the m-lea S pin natifid: eor ola. mc or pu e e mer and lawns, various province S, N. C. Nat. of u any forms in the above two species. 11. MACBRIDEA Ell Perennial erect herbs. Leaf-blades entire or wers in axillary clustered broad- leafed eymes. Calyx strongly 2- r 2-lipped: upper lip arching: lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4: anthers pubescent. —Two species. Corolla na the upper lip notehed; lateral lobes of the lower lip as Mere the middle 1; Corolla rose-purple, a the upper lip a lateral lobes of the lower lip much narrower than the middle 2. M. pulchra. 1. M. alba Chapm. Stem 3-5 dm. tall, simply or rarely branched: leaf-blades dm spatula to d rather fleshy, 2-8 em. long, obtuse, undulate or and, the lower Pho ith margined peti- AON Uie the ees sile: ec ieles few flow- ered: braets elliptic- ovate i orbieular, ob- His ds very short: calyx becoming 10— bi ong, glabrous or cus so; lobes about as um ng as the tube, the larger ones Ù T it b whi te, 2. 3 cm long the upper lip hooded, near rly e ect, the ied lip spreading, the lobes tonc ee a or early truncate ——Pineland swamps and low oui es, N Fla.—Sum 2. M. pulchra Ell. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, usu- al elliptic, 4-8 cm. long, acute or acumin both ends, undulate or repand-serrate, the 1156 LAMIACEAE lower ones slender-petioled, the upper sessile: panicles few-flowered : ed ovate or elliptic, mostly obtuse: pedicels very short: calyx becoming 9-10 m han ma ] rose-purple striped with white and purple, 3-3.0 ps pes tube abruptly dilated near the middle, the upper lip suborbieular, 1 e n diameter, the lower lip with a notched middle lobe and truncate lateral pe ——Swamps and marshes,. Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Sum.-fall. DRACOCEPHALUM [Tourn.] L. Perennial, erect or reclining iuis po i typieally narrow, usually toothed, at least near the apex. Flowers purplish-pink to white, in spike-like racemes. Ca alyx essentially regu- lar: lobes 5, shorter than the tube. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip arched, entire: lower lip 3 obe d. Mcr i filaments elongate, one pair sometimes glabrous. [Physostegia | Benth.]—4A bo 7 species, North Ameriean.—Sum.—FALSE DRAGON-HEADS. OBEDIENT PLANTS. Corolla over 2 cm. long. Leaf-blades entire or with blunt teeth. Mature calyx short-tubular, 9-11 mm. long: upper leaves conspicuously reduced. 1. D. denticulatum. Me calyx campanulate, 5-6.5 mm. long: upper leav a bat "slightly reduced. 2. D. leptophyllum. Leaf-bl Ses copiously toothed With very acute Cu d 3. D. virginianum. | pu less than 2 em. long: mature calyx tubular, Sg 9m ng: stem copiously leafy uD to the inflorescence Ec D. peroniciformis "m RA i aaa 1. D. denticulatum Ait. Stem 9 dm. long: leaves few; blades spatulate to oblong, 2-14 cm. long, thick, pad Re mostly obtuse: calyx-lobes deltoid: corolla 20-25 mm. lon utlets about 2 mm. ee LES denticulata. Britton] —Swamps and river-banks, o ofte cal- 7*3 careous soil, mri provinees, Fla. id Tex., Kans. and Md. —Sum.—fall. 2. D. ee Small. Stems -23 mm. long: nutlets 3-3.5 leptophylla Small} -Riv er- dons wamps, pen. Fla.—Spr.-fal 3. D. Kea ee L. Stems 3-15 dm long: 2 es many; blades narrowly oblong to linear-oblong or e -lanceolate, 3-12 em. long, thickish, eee serrate r creen serrate, ly acuminate or acute: e lane vate- lanceolate: corolla 25- "36 m m. long: nutlets about 3 mm. long. OP. y no» iana nth.]—Swamps, low Ule. and thickets, often in Renee. acid soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Que.—Sum 4. D. veroniciformis Small. Stems 5-7 dm. long: leaf-blades lanceolate to ob- long-lanceolate i the lower part of the stem, narrowly pandurate to s above, 5-10 em. long, undulate to erenate-undulate: ealyx-lobes mainly laneeo- i ordeo: retuse: shorter filaments punc [P. 200250000 mall]—Low grounds, Coastal Plain, Ga.—Sum 13. SYNANDRA Nutt. Annual or biennial erect herbs. Leaf-blades broad, toothed. Flowers in interrupted racemes. Calyx nearly regular: lobes LAMIACEAE 1157 kon 2-lipped: upper lip arched, mM lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4: filaments pubescent.—One species. = ra (Miehx.) Britton. Stem hispid or somewhat villous: kat bg. ps to orbieular- i. s . long, erenate or Mn eordate: ealyx Pu. 10 mm. long; lobes oa: 4 S. grand ` A and pue banks, Interior Low Pla- teaus and adj. provinces, Tenn. to Ill., Ohio, d V Spr. | 14. GALEOPSIS L. Annual often spreading herbs. Leaf-blades broad, toothed. lowers in crowded cymes. Calyx nearly regular: lobes 5, narrow, L lip = Stamens 4: filaments glabrous.—About 6 oS ee t D Plant 2-5 dm. tall, clusters bristly : calyx E cu 10-13 mm. long; lobes about as long as the tube: co- rolla pink-purple or white, mostly 15-20 mm. long: nutlets about 3 mm. long.— (HEMP-NETTLE. )—Waste-places, fields and roadsides, various provinces, N. C. to Alas. and Newf. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.—fall. 15. LAMIU Annual, biennial or perennial, diffuse herbs. Leaf- blades broad, toothed or incised. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx somewhat irregular: lobes 5, the upper ones usually the larger. Corolla blue, purple, or white, 2-lipped: upper lip entire or merely notched: lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe with a dilated blade, the lateral lobes with slender tips. Stamens 4: filaments pubescent.—About 40 species, natives of the Old World.—DEAD- ETTLES. MONKEY-FLOWERS. Plant annual or biennial: corolla small, less than 2 c long: middle lobe of the ~ hes corolla-lip less than 5 mm. wide; lateral lobes each with a short sharp nd a very broad one: nutlets about 2 mm. long. Upper pepe, with sessile or clasping blades: corolla-tube lobe of the lower lip cuneate or reniform. 1. L. amplexicaule. of the lower lip somewhat reniform. 2. L. purpureum. Plant Peca. corolla mo over 2 cm. long: middle lobe of the lower corolla-lip 1 cm. wide or nearly so; lateral lobes each with a caudate appendage and a broad lobe: nut- l lets about 3 mm. long. 3. L. maculatum. - 1158 LAMIACEAE 1. amplexicaule L. Stem and branches decumbent, sparingly bier Pedes leat- El dard to orbicular-reniform, 1~3.5 wide, crenate-lobed alyx coming 5-6 mm. long: corolla c 13- iu . long; tube Minden the ~ Tip with mucronate lateral lobes and s or gir middle lobe: nis aon —(HENBIT.) —Roadsides, fields ae are m and waste- places, various province d La., Ark., Calif., B. C., ani N. B. ' Nat of Eu.— (W. I. )—Wint. s purpureum L. Stem le . lo t See with short hairs: d purple or e dera mostly is than 1.5 em. long, the upper lip less than 5 mm. long: nutlets about 2 m. long — (Dap Err )—Cult. grounds, qoum inis shaded places, various medi N. C. to Mo., and Newf. Nat. of Eu —Spr- um. 3. L. maculatum L. Stem and ere more or less ereeping, rather coarsely butsparingly retrorse-pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to triangular-ovate: calyx over 10 mm. long at eant esi: with long hairs: corolla purple or white, Bon? over 2 em. long, the upper lip about 1 em. long: nutlets about 3 mm. long.—W aste- ro roadsides, and thickets, various bao ees N. C. and Tenn. to Me. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.— 16. LEONURUS L. Annual, biennial, or perennial, erect herbs. Leaf- blades broad, toothed or parted. Flowers in dense axillary cymes. Calyx some- what irregular: lobes firm, slender. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip nearly erect: lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe much larger than the lateral ones. Stamens 4: filaments pubescent.—About 10 species, Eurasian.—MOTHERWORTS. Blades of the lower leaves lobed and incised : corolla a = long as the calyx. Upper corolla-lip hirsute: lower calyx-lobes spr g: blades of the lower leaves coarsely lobed. 1. L. Cardiaca. blades of the lower leaves finely PP: 2. L. sibiricus. . Marrubiastrum. 1. L. Cardiaca L. eund 3-12 dm. tall: leaves various; blades of the lower wi suboriicula in outline, coarsely palmately lobed, those ud the upper ly 3-lob bed; SON leaves to cuneate, mostly yx long; lobes short-subulate, half as Jong as the tube: corolla pale-purple 9-10 m ng; nutlets t ng. —Rondsides, waste-places, Fi k Hart va- rious mae , to , Utah and S. Can Nat. of T bre L. sibiricus L. Biennial, 9-12 ta ll: leaves various ; blades of the lower cones suborbicul outline, deeply an re a finely lobed than in L. Cardiaca, Tm of the upper leaves, or nin lobes, finely pin- | natisect; calyx long; lobes tri- angular- subulate, CREE. poen 1 as long as the tube: corolla purplish, 10—12 mm. long: LAMIACEAE 1159 mi about 2 mm. long.—Roadsides and waste- Im various provinces, Fla. to La., Pa., and Del. Nat. of Eurasia —(W. I., C. A., S8. A.)—Spr—fa ll. 3. L. Marrubiastrum L. Biennial, 8—16 Eus tall: leaf-blades ovate to pA ovate, ic toothed: ealyx about 5 mm. long; lobes subulate, about pu e i as the tube: corolla whitish, p t 5 mm lon ng: nutlets about Aunt te-places, oo and stream- i Fla. B Pa. and D a Nat, 4 ee -—Sum.—fal 17. LEONOTIS L. Annual or perennial erect herbs or pe plants. ly Leaf-blades broad, -o Flowers in dense, globular, remote cymes. Ca curved, 2-lipped, the 8-10 lobes n , bristle-tipped. Corolla 2- red eurved: per lip erect, long: lower lip much (bd than the upper, with 3 smalllobes. Stamens 4: filaments minutely pubescent.—About 1 species, African. to ‘ovate- deltoi 4—12 e ong, crenat ealyx b ing '2 em. long; pper lip longer than the tube: corolla orange-yel low or dein 2-2.5 em. long: nutlets about 0 — (LION ao —Cult. grounds, roadsides, and waste-places, various prov- inces, Fla. to La., Tenn., and N. C. Nat. of S. Africa.—Sum.-fall. 18. STACHYS [Tourn.] L. Annual or (ours) perennial, erect or ee ing herbs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed. owers in continuous or inter rupted po Calyx nearly regular: lobes 5, shorter than the tube. Corolla mainly purple, 2-lipped: upper lip erect: lower lip ei 3-lobed, the middle lobe somewhat larger than the lateral ones. Stamens 4, all anther- bearing: anthers short.—About 160 species, mostly in the pe ee zone, HEDGE-NETTLES. Plants native in Tex., introduced eastward: leaf-blades not rugose: pubescence a coarse and spreading. Plant with annual or biennial roots. I. AGRARIAE. Plant with perennial rootstocks. Leaf-blades narrowed at the base. II. HYSSOPIFOLIAE. Leaf- prae all, or some of them ‘cordate or truncate at ase, Petioles Joss than one-fourth as long as the III. NUTTALLIANAE. Petioles one-third to one-half as long as the ar bla IV. CORDATAE. Plants Hoda ced ‘from Old World: leaf-blades rugose: pu- bescence lanate-tomentose, V. ITALICAE. I. AGR SEE plant: lower lip of tne corolla ne p the calyx: mature calyx 2—4 mm. long. 1. S. agraria. II. HYSSOPIFOLIAE Leaf-blades glabrous, entire or with shallow teeth. glabrous at maturity. Calyx-lobes EROA -tipped : leaf-blades entire or nearly so. 2. S. hyssopifolia. S bes not subulate-tipped: leaf-blades markedly but hallowly toothed. 3. S. lythroides. Leaf-blades pubescent, prominently serrate. ; 7 1160 LAMIACEAE III. NUTTALLIA Lower leaves with petioles but little longer us pm of the upper. Foliage copiously pubescent: corolla-tube slightly longer han the calyx. 5. S. Nuttallii. Foliage pads or nearly so: corolla-tube much longer h e calyx . S. latidens. Lower leaves w “with petioles several times longer than those of Calyx-lobes E acute or acuminate, not awn-tipped. Foli er of the inflorescence glabrous or bristly pubes- inforescenéb glabrous or nearly so. 7. S. tenuifolia. Infiorescence .bristly-pubescent. 8. S.a u^ = the inflorescence puberulent or puberulent- 9. S. salvio Cair lobes Cavndipped: 10. S. Tcu . CORDA Leaf-blades acuminate, 6-15 cm. long: idee FUNT ian. 11. S. cordata. Leaf- B. obtuse or merely acute, 1-4 cm. long: species Floridia 12. S. floridana. V. ITA Oy povencct: plant with obtuse, pU. nus blades. 13. S. italica. A. ‘Ss. pups Cham. & Schlecht. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic to m. long, crenate: calyx 2-4 mm. long; lobes shorter than the tube: corolla is nde or pinkish, 5-6 mm. long: I: pidas l mm. long. — Shaded ground, La. : ruere a into the Coastal Plain of a. —Spr.- : .2, S. hyssopifolia Michx. Stem 2-4 dm tall, glabrous or merely hirsute at the nodes: leaf-blades linear or near y S0, ede m. lon 6- lon ng: calyx 7 mm. long, generally eee ; lobes about as long as the tube: corolla 11- 13 mm. long: nutlets about 2 mm. long.— Swamps, meadows, and th rui UM various provinces, Fla. to Mich., and Mass.—Sum. Æ S. lythroides Small. Stem 4-9 dm. sparingly hirsute: leaf-blades broadly line En elliptie-linear, 1.5-6 em. long, s smooth a an nd glabrous: ealyx 6—7 mm. EA stly pubes scent ; lobes shorter than the tube: corolla about 10 mm. long: nutleis not seen. — Sandy soil, near Tallahassee, Fla.—Sum S. ambigua (A. Gray) Britton. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, hirsute: en narrowly elliptic to er ae o 3—6 cm. long; pubescent: ealyx long; lobes lanceolate, as long as the tube or arly .so: me tms mm long: nutlets-óver 2 mm. lo n6 Moist sandy a various Deora Ga. to j Mass.—Sum. 5. A Nu ttallii Shuttl w. Stem 4-11 dm. tall, eopiously Papas leaf- iens te, 5-10 em. long, serrate-dentat ealyx ' E ng; AL riangular-la iceolate, less than C p Rs ng as "fhe tube: “corolla 11-1 B m: niitlets about 2 mm. long.— lopes, Blue Ridge, Ten vo Vg S. latidens Small. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades oval, ovate, or (e and 4—10 em. long on the lower part of stem, larger and narrower above, finely crenate- serrate: calyx 5.6 mm. long; lobes tri- angular, very short: roll 11-13 mm. long: id ied 2 mm. long.—Slopes and summits, Blue Ridge, N. C., auo Tenn. — Sum LAMIACEAE 1161 7. S. tenuifolia Willd. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, ies or nearly so: leaf-blades - ura ee to ood 9—10 long, serrate: calyx 6-7 mm. is ng, sometimes sparingly ded scent; lobes qua as long as the tube or | nearly so: yes olla 10-12 mm. long: nutlets about 2 mm. long.—Roadsides, fields, and moist thickets, various provinces, Fla. to La., Kans., Ia., and N. Y.—Sum - S9. S. aspera Michx. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf-blades elliptic, elliptic lanceolate, or ovate-elliptie, 3-10 em. long, erenate-serrate: calyx 6-8 mm. long, hirsute; lobes triangular lanceolate, shorter than the tube: corolla main ly 12-15 mm. lon ng: nutlets about 2 mm. long.—Woods and thickets, various Doc Fla. to La., Ont., and Mec m. 9. S. salvioides Small. Stem 3-9 dm. nd peer or puberulent- n i -blades oi to elliptie-ovate e ra 6-12 cm. long, ; alyx 4-5 c long, hirsutulous and s aa. lobes t triangular, “acute: corolla 9—1 10 1 mm. long; lower lip vee Pom the tube: nutlets nearly cd 5m ong.—Stony soil, pee Plateau, Tenn. to W. Va., and Va— 0. S. Clingmanii Small. Stem 5-9 dm. tall, E meee ae blades ellip- tie to elliptie- lanceolate, 6-12 em. long, dentate: calyx 6 long, dur lobes lanceolate-subulate, at least E^ as long as the tube: pes about 15 m long; lower lip about as long as the tube: age 2 mm. jong. —Open aoe Clingman’s Dome, in the Blue Ridge of N. C. and Tenn.—Sum 11. S. cordata puis Stem 3-10 dm. tall, x e blades ovate, oval or elliptic, 6— Lc . lo ong: erenate: calyx 4—6 m ong, hirsute; iis des corolla 10-14 m . ]o ong; lower lip ud than p tube: pucr abou long.—Thickets dud banks, various provinces, N. Ala. and N. C. o Ohio uf euam "9. S. M Shuttlw. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, hirsute: aS blades elliptic to ' ovate, 1— em. long, er oe or dentate: calyx 5-7 mm ong puber ee ent; lobes lanceolate: ola 10-13 mm. long; lower lip as e as the tube: nutlets 1.5 | mm. or rarely smaller —Sandy soil, Fla ae -fall 5 The plant Sen: by. means of elongate, sometimes branching tuber 13. S. italica Mill Plant 1 m. tall or less, the bs simple or SE branched: leaf-blades a des ded -ovate or ovate, 3—15 em. long, obtu erenate, rugose, pubescent: flower-whorls dense: br 9-12 mm. long; ium : a nutlets about 1 mm. long.—(MOUSE-EAR.)—Waste-plaees, cult. grounds, and roadsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tenn., and Ont. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fall. VIA [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial, herbs, or woody plants. Leaf- s entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers in interrupted or continuous panicles. Calyx short, 2-lipped: upper lip 3-lobed: lower lip 1-lobed. Corolla , 2-lipped: lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe much larger than the lateral ones. Stamens 4, but only 2 anther-bearing, or only 2: each filament surmounted by a transverse connective, one end of which bears a gens anther. Stigmas very unequal.—About 500 species, widely distributed.—SAc Lower anther-sac wanting. Anterior part of the connective linear or nearly so. I. AZU Anterior part of the connective abruptly dilated. II. VERBENACEAR, Lower anther-sac present. III. Lyr I. AZUREAE Corolla scarlet. 1. S. coccinea. Corolla blue, purplish, or white. Leaf-blades narrow, usually over 4 times as long as wide. 2. S. azurea. e 1162 LAMIACEAE Leaf-blades broad, mostly less than ok as long as wide. Calyx over 5 mm. long at maturi eaf- n EIE very slightly deca ene on the petioles Cal dis mc acute: flower-clusters approxi- T r contiguous. Calyx- lobes awn-tipped: flower-clusters widely separated. Leaf-blades ue on the petioles to their bases. Corolla r 1 cm. long: calyx-lobes nearly erect. S. serotina. . S. privoides. op eg S. urticifolia. Co rolla less "han 1 em. long: calyx-lobes spreading. S nii. Calyx less than 5 mm. long at maturity. Petioles filiform, wingless: stigmas ‘subulate. d winged by the decurrent blades: stigmas ~l S. Blodgettii. 8. S. occidentalis. II. BENACE Plant villous or villous-hirsute: ane neice to pinnatifid. 9. S. verbenacea. III. LYRATAE us with the leaves mainly basal; blades lyrate-pinnatifid. 10. S. lyrata. e S. ea L. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, softly pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to deltoid- nie 3—6 cm. Td Ee serrate: ii ln 10—12 mm. long; eo orolla scarlet; lower lip with a S jo lobe ios ue nutlets 2.5 m Sandy po ocks, waste- laces, p erc gone Plain, daos to Tex., and S. C.—(Mez.) —Spr.-fal S. azurea Lam. Stems 3-12 dm. e puberulent above: leaf-blades oblong pangs sey or linear, or rarely broader, E long, undul or shallowly serrate: Gis 7~9 mm. long; lower en ovate: corolla azure- "blue or white, 13-15 mm. long: i ipai at the top: nutlets about 3 soil, pinelands, sand-hills aa aoe oie Plain, Fla. to Tex., and S. Spr.-fall. 43. S. serotina L. Stems 1-7 dm. tall, finely p leaf-blades ovate to 7 bu ovate, 1-4 cm. long, crenate- -serrate: in scence usually rather shortened, sometimes ipi hed ie meld densely pem E da ai pubesee ent, 6-8 mm. long: a 6-10 m ong: nutlets fully ong.— Pine lands, hammocks, and cult. pores Fla mls —fall. y Es S. privoides Benth. Stem 5-18 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades n 1-3 ^ em. long, sharply serrate: oaa elongated and slender, the flowers scat- tered along the rachis: calyx glandular-pubescent, 5-7 mm. long; piss lobes awn-tipped: eorolla 5.5-6 mm. long: Le ae - mm. DUE ——Sandy places, pen. Fla., and the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A.)—Spr.—fal S. urticifolia L. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to deltoid, 8—8 em. long, dentate or crenate: calyx 6-8 mm. long; pas lobes wide: cuspidate: corolla deep-blue, 11-13 mm. long, lower lip about 8 m nutlets about 2 mm. oe -—Woods and “thickets, various provinces, Fla. p La., Ky., and N. C.—Spr.— 6. S. Chapmanii A. Gray. Stem 10—20 dm. tall, closely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5—8 io ie crenate-serrate: calyx 4-6 mm. long; lower lobes acute: corolla 8-9 long; lower lip about 4 mm. wide:' nutlets about —Spr. L5-mm.-dong.—Sandy soil, Bore Plain, Fla. and Ala. LAMIACEAE 1163 ZÝ S. Blodgettii Chapm. Stem. 1-7 dm. tall, minutely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to suborbicular, 1-2 cm. long, shallowly toothed : calyx about 4 mm. long; \ lower a acute: corolla about 8 mm. long.—Hammocks, Key West, Fla— ` All yea = K s. occidentalis Sw. Stem 5- 2 dm. tall, oS leaf-blades ovate, 2— = long, serrate: calyx 3-3.5 mm. long; lower 1 lobes acute: corolla abo ut 5 m pu nutlets 2 mm. long .—Sandy soil, pen. Fla.—(IW. I., Mes., C. A., S. A )— Spr.—fall. 9L S. verbenacea L. Stem E 6 dm. tall, hirsute or villous hirsute; blades calyx 6- 8 m ong, Ovate to elliptic, 3-15 em. long, incise ed or pinnati lower e laneeolate: corolla bluish, 8-10 g: shaggy-pubeseent mm. P : nutlets S smooth.—Sandy soil, various provi i Sere A ran Ohio, and of Eu.—Sum.—Salvia Scla Europe, with viscid foliage, large cordate, gd toothed leaf- blades a wide and purple eorollas, has been found in N. Car AO. s. yrata L. Stem 1-6 dm tall, seape-like, pilose or hirsute: leaves mainly ““basal; blades ee oblanceolate, elliptic, or oval, 5-20 em. long, lyrate- 9—11 pinnati ifid: caly mm. long, h irsute; lower iud lanceolate: corolla blue- purple, 20-25 mm. lo ong: nutlets granular.— (LYRE-LEAVED SAGE.) —Woods, aai mocks, n, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo 5 d Conn ue 20. MONARDA L. Shrubs, or perennial ereet herbs. Leaf-blades toothed. Flowers in remote or approximate dense cymes. Calyx elongate, nearly regular: lobes 5, slender, shorter than t : r lip narrow, erect or arched: much longer than the lateral ones. Stamens 2: filaments elongate: anthers with divergent sacs. About 20 species, North Ameriean.—HORSE-MINTS. Flower-clusters terminal and solitary: oo exserted beyond the straight upper corolla-li Subgenus I. EUMONARDA. Flower-clusters mainly axillary, Borne. in Spike-like in- terrupted panicles: stame ens not exceeding the curved upper corolla- “lip. Subgenus II. CHEILYCTIS. Subgenus I. EUM RDA Leaf-blades roc long-petioled or on EUN Corolla scarle POR white, pink, or purple, eaf-blades mem x anous, ‘deep-green : eorolla greenish ees cream-color M. Clinopodia. Leaf-blades firmer, barely membrano dull- or bright- reen: corolla a pine pw or Die red. Bubeccence: of spreading hair Corolla, and often the Benes: lilac or purplish. 3. "m. n ru: Corolla, and the 2s deep- purple or purple-red. 4. M. media. Pubescence of very short appressed hairs. Leaves on the pues part E the stem with petioles less than 5 mm. M. scabra. ks on the upper Sut "et the stem with ioles over 5 mm. long. M. mollis. Leaf-blades — A or nearly so: calyx pubescent at the mouth ; lobes not glandular. 7T. M. Bradburiana. . M. didyma. om Y s II. CHEI Plants perennial: calyx-lobes See E p dh or rarely white. Plants annual or biennial: calyx- lobes setaceous: corolla pink or purplish. 8. M. punctata. 9. M. dispersa. aL. Ste —12 dm. tall, sometimes sparingly pubescent: leaf- blades eta or he A -lanceolate to ovate, 8-15 em. long, serrate: heads 1164 LAMIACEAE showy: ealyx 7-11 mm. long; lobes subulate: eorolla 35-50 mm. long; middle lobe of the ower a acute.— ( BEE-BALM. SWEGO-TEA). —Moist woods, stream-banks, thickets, e roadsides, Blue cd and more norther provinees, Ga. , Ont, and N. B Sum.—fa il 2. M. Clinopodia L. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, glabrous or sparingly Lic dii blades rounded lateral lobes: nutlets fully 1 mm. long. —Hillsides, w woods, and moist thickets, various . provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Il., Ont., and N. Y.—Spr.-fall. 3. M. fistulosa L. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, villous or mod lum leaf-blades ovate to laneeolate, 2— i em. long, remotely sharp- -serrate: bracts usually colored: calyx 8-12 mm. long, copiously bearded in the oe lobes long- subulate: corolla 30-34 ) mm. long; lower lip with acute lateral lobes: nutlets fuly 1.5 mm. long.—(HORSE-MINT. ILD-BERGAMOT). —Dry hillsides, fence- oo rocky woods, and d often in ealeareous soil, various provinces, Fla. o La., Ont., and Me.—Sum all. 4. M. media Wild. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, pii or glabrate: leaf pode ovate, lanee Lo or elliptie, WE em. long, serrate: ealyx 9—10 mm. lon De ubulate: corolla 15—22 m m. long; lower lip ‘with ie lateral lobes — Thickets and ae -banks, Blue Ridge, and more northern provinces, N. C. t Tenn., Pa., and Me.—Sum. 5. M. scabra Beck. Stem 2-10 dm. tall, velvety-pubeseent: leaf-blades ovate i lanceolate, 2-8 em. long, sharply, often remotely, serrate: calyx 7-9 mm. ong; lobes subulate: corolla 20-25 mm. long, pale-purple; lower lip with rounded la eral lobes ry soil, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. o Tex., Ariz., B. C., - Man. — Sum Similar to M. fistulosa Ex habit and to M. scabra in pubes- su la ork soil, Blue ee and more northern provinces, E to Tenn., S. Dak., and Me.—Sum . Bradburiana Beck. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, more or less villous-hirsute aoro: leaf- es ovate to lanceolate, 3—10 em. long, serrate or nearly entire: ealyx 9-10 mm. long; lobes subulate: corolla pink or whitish, 20-27 mm. long. C Phickets and meee ou: provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to ‘Kans. and Ill—Spr.- M. punctata L. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, pui Pd leaf-blades linear- cpt Ha oue 2—8 em. long, ser rrate alyx 8-1 long; lobes sho T spreading: corolla yellowish and oe DT (white i in M. pun a D. 20-25 mm. long; upper lip mainly elliptic-ovate. —Sandy elds pastures, woods and A E in rather acid soil, various provinces, "Fla. t Tex "Minn, and N. Y.—Sum -fa ll. P um LAMIACEAE 1165 9. M. dispersa Small. Stem 2-8 dm tall, puberulent: leaf-blades elliptic to elliptic-spatulate or oblanceolate on the lower part of the stem, een elliptic or linear above, 2-11 cm. long, shallowly serrate: s x-tu be 8-9 mm. long; lobes spreading: corolla pink or purplish, 20—25 mm. long; lower lip with an elliptie middle lobe.—Low grounds, various provinces Fla. to Tex., N. M., Mo., and Ga.—(M ex.) —Native diris rd. —Spr.-sum. 21. BLEPHILIA Raf. Perennial erect herbs. Leaf- blades indi) toothed. Flowers in dense axillary cymes. Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip 3-lobe lower lip 2-lobed. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip erect, entire: lower lip 3- lobed, the narrow middle lobe much longer than the others. Stamens 2, long-exserted. —Only the following species—Sum Cauline and floral leaves with short-petioled or nearly sessile blades: bractlets acute or short- acuminate. . B. ciliata. n and e 1 leaves with rather long-petioled blades: bractlets ng-acumi 2. B. hirsuta. DS Raf. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, softly villous-pubescent: leaf-blades lanceolate, 5—10 em. long, shallowly toothed, short- ene or nearly s outer braetlets usually broadly ovate; all with a short aeuminate tips; ca lyx 8—11 M dong; corolla pink or purplish, 2. B. hirsuta (Pursh) Torr. Stem 3-10 dm. tall hirsute or villous-hirsute: leaf- blades ovate to lanceolate, 5-12 em. lon lobe of the lower lip rounded or slightly notehed.—Shaded mi ade various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Wis., and Vt. 22. HEDEOMA. Pers. Annual or perennial often diffuse herbs. Leaf- blades entire or sparingly toothed. Flowers in remote or contiguous axillary mes, a 2-lipped, sometimes obscurely pper lip 2-lipped: upper lip sometimes ‘aio chee: ro lower lip 3-lobed, commonly ader than the lateral one. Stamens 2, accompanied more or less reduced ones ne by obsolete.—About 15 species, American. 1. H. pulegioides (L.) pn Plant very fragrant: stem 1-4 dm. tall, finely pubes- cent: Re blades oval- veliiptio’ to elliptic, 9- 20 mm. long, sparingly serrate, pei purple a calyx becomin 4— 5 ; tubes strongly ribbed: corolla moe mm. . long, pale lilac, with a deep purple loin on ns lowerlip.—(PENNYROYAL. MOCK-PENNYROYAL. AMERICAN-PENNY- 1166 LAMIACEAE ROYAL.)—Dry fields and open woods, various provinces, Fla. to Nebr., Minn., and N. S.—Sum. 23. STACHYDEOMA Small. Perennial erect herbs. Leaf- blades toothed. Flowers pale-lilac, in long leafy- -braeted spike-like panicles. Calyx strongly of the lower lip subulate. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip entire: lower lip drooping, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes about e the termi- nal one. "agro ns 2, serted: anthers shorter the Nou Staminodia present. red glabrous.—One species. S. graveolens (Chapm.) Sm Stem 2-6 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf- ae ODE Sud to ovate, 10-15 mm. long: ealyx becom- ing 7-9 mm. long; mis lip are nutlets 0.5mm.long. [Hedeoma ici dd ns Chapm.] —Low pinelands, N Fla.—Sum 24. MELISSA [Tourn.] L. Perennial, erect herbs. Leaf-blades broad, toothed. Flowers in axillary clusters. Nod m the broad upper lip with 3 minute lobes, the 2 lobes of the 1 lip slender. Corolla 2-lipped: upper wee mostly notched: lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe very broad. Stamens 4, exserted.— About 4 species, Eurasian. 1. M. officinalis L. Plant lemon-scented, M : : . -longc- (BEE-BALM. LEMON-BALM.)—Roadsides and ^ waste-places, various provinces, Fla. to Ark. Mo., and Me. Nat. of Eu.—Sum 25. CONRADINA A. Gray. Shrubs with virgate branches. Leaf-blades narrow, entire, revolute, fasciculate. Flowers pou together in ec eymes which are sometimes approximate. Calyx 2-lipped; upper lip 3 short and broad lobes; lower lip with 2 long and narrow lobes: corolla pes or purplish, 2-lipped; upper lip erect, slightly concave; lower lip divergent, 3-lobed, usually dotted, the terminal lobe about the same size as the lateral ones or smaller. Stamens 4, exserted or lying under the upper corolla lip.— Four species, the following: Lower corolla-lip 12-15 mm. long; lateral lobes wider than long. 1. C. grandiflora. Lower corolla-lip 8-10 mm. long; lateral lobes longer than wide. Calyx-tube hirsute, “villous. hirsute, or hirsutulous. Lea f-blades pubescent on both sides: ca yx-tube hirsute or illous-hir 2. C. canescens. Leaf- blades EID ous above: calyx-tube hirsutulous, 3. C. montana, Calyx-tube minutely canescent. 4. C. puberula. LAMIACEAE 1167 1. C. grandiflora Small. Shrub 1 m. tall or less with few, virgate, P curved ponas leaf-blades narrowly spatulate, clavate on oo of t revolute margins, most (pulls zi FÉ Es. et (D e £5 5 (D Uu e © RS ot cn © le (D e a o E e "i "4 [s ua © 3 c e =] Un or nearly so, ey least at maturity, pun calyx becoming 6.5-7.5 mm. long, finely pubescent: upper lip of corolla 7-9 mm. long: nutlets nearly 1.5 mm. a lower E coast region, Fla.—All year. 2. C. canescens (T. & M hi tlhe Reet less than 0.5 m. tall, tiff branches: leaf-blades i Us but tightly revolute and thus clavate, 5-9 m long, finely canescent: calyx becoming 45. 9.0 mm. long: upper lip of corolla 4-5 mm.» long: nutlets fully 1 mm. lon VOTE dme us upper Gulf coast region, Fla. and Ala.—Spr. C. montana Small. Shrub less than 0.5 m. tall, with Eu o decum- bent branches: leaf-blades narrowly linear, tightly revolute, long, minutely canescent beneath: Sages becoming 6—7 mm. long; lobes Sergi upper lip of corolla 3.5—4 mm. long: nutlets barely 1 mm. long.—Sandy woods and ravines, Aum Plateau, near Rugby, Tenn.—Late Spr. 4. C. puberula Small. Shrub about 0.5 m. tall, with rather numerous slender branches: leaf- 2 Bae spatulate, but revolute and slende ry clavate, mostly 12-20 mm. long, puberulent: calyx becoming 5-7 mm lo hirsute: upper lip Pa orolla 4-5 mm. long: nutlets fully 1 mm. i e Pine- lands, N Gulf coast region, Fla.—Spr. A. plant of this end Maris d near Ee Fla. has the small flowers of C. canescens and C. pub a, but differs in the folia age and inflorescence bd ng glabrous or nearly so, iie the ciliate a lobes, and in the abortive anthers. 26. PYCNOTHYMUS Small. Shrubs. Leaf-blades narrow, entire. Flowers in dense raceme-like panicles. Calyx slightly ria aaa the ere lip with 3 narrow lobes, the lower lip with 2 e longer lobes. Coralia 2-lipped: lower li 3-lobed, the middle lobe slightly larger than the lateral ones.—One species. 1. P. rigidus (Bart) Small. Plant 1-7 E | Me, «x dm. tall or low and diffuse, hirsute: leaf- re A 5-12 mm. long: calyx 2.5—3 lobes lanceolate to Bip lanceolate: corolla light-purple, 7-8 mm. ] t on more erect and have lighter colored flowers ee those of the m coastal region 1168 LAMIACEAE 27. MICROMERIA Benth. Perennial, diffuse or creeping herbs. Leaf- blades Lo or sparingly toothed. Flowers in axillary cymes, the cymes in ours one-flowered. Calyx with a fringe of lavender-pink, or whitish: upper lip erec lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe very es tamens 4, more or less exserted.—Abou Species, widely distributed. M. pilosiuscula (A. Gray) Smal. Stem a br anches sparingly depen or glab- rate, the branches ascending or spreading, 1-4 dm. long: leaf-blades Sob ar io lose, 4—5 mm. long, s r than the pedicel or sometim E. BE in length; lobes 1-1.5 mm. long, ovate-deltoid, those of the upper lip abruptly acute, acu ish, or even acuminate; corolla 7-8 mm. long, iddle bout as wide s lon ng, notehed.—Swamps, marshes, stream-banks, woods, and ditehes. Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(Mez.)—Spr.-sum M. Brownei (Sw.) Benth., a West Indian species with which the above species has been eonfused, but which differs in the size of the calyx and the shape of the calyx-lobes, as well as in size of plant, leaf, and flower, is not known occur in the continental U. 8. 28. CLINOPODIUM L. Shrubs or annual or perennial herbs. Leaf- blades entire or toothed. Flowers in sessile or peduncled axillary cymes. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip with 3 short lobes, the lower lip with 2 long, narrow lobes. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip sometimes notched: lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4: anthers awnless.—Spr.—fall, or all i; southward.— About 60 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—BASI Flowers in dense axillary clusters, thus forming head-like whorls, — by linear-filiform bractlets. "'ULGARIA. Mw few together or solitary in the axils of the leaves, with inute bractlets. Pl nis herbaceous. II. HERBACEA. Plants woody. III. FRUTICOSA. I. VULGARIA Stem hirsute: calyx-lobes hirsute: corolla slightly exceeding the calyx. 1. C. vulgare. II. Stem and leaves pubescent: leaf-blades ovate, often broadly so. 2. C. Nepeta. stem P leaves glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades linear to ellipti 3. C. glabellum. III. FRUTICOSA Corolla over 2.5 cm. long, scarlet. Calyx s than 1. 2 s oe corolla 3—4 cm. long. 4. C. coccineum. Calyx r 1.5 cm. long: olla 4-5 em. long. 5. C. macrocalyz. Corolla je pues 2 cm. long, Eu or purplish. Leaf-blades toothed. broad and fiat. Clusters 5-6- flowered: leaf-blades sessile or nearly so. - C. georgianum. Clusters 1-3-flowered : leaf- n petiole C. dentatum. Leaf-blades entire, narrow and strongly revolute. & C. Ashei 1. C. vulgare L. Stem 1-5 dm. tall, hirsute: blades of the upper leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1—4 cm. long, undulate or crenate: calyx becoming 8-9 LAMIACEAE mm. long, Mea hirsute: corolla white or pink, 11-13 mm. long; middle lobe of the § iis Es broadened upward: nutlets about 1 —( WILD BASIL-WEED. Doa- RUP fes — ^ Roadsides, "ela e and woods, various provinces, N. Okla. Ariz "muss and Newf.— ee Sum —fal 2. C. Nepeta (L.) Kuntze. Plant 2-9 dm tall, ae pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to orbieular- ovate, usc ms long, slightly toothed: calyx beco ing 5-6 mm. long: dis light- pl or nearly white, 8-9 . long.—(FIELD-BALM. BASIL-THY ME. )— Fields and waste- places, various provinces, Ga. to Ark., and Md. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fall. C. glabellum (Michx.) Kuntze. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of the upper pon LAE iS) or elliptic, sparingly serrate: calyx becoming 5-6 mm. long: corolla purplish, 8— woes m. long.—Wet or damp banks, Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn. and Ky.— 2. um. 4. C. coccineum SP, Kuntze. Shrub 3-9 dm. bas leaf-blades obovate to d linear-spatulate or linear-elliptie, 0.5-2 cm. long, entire: calyx 8-11 ong; y al lobes of the upper lip A corolla scarlet, 3—4 em. met lobes of the upper lip shorter than those of the lower. “Sandy shores, sandhills, a hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—All yea 5. C. our fs e Similar to C. coccineum in habit: leaf-blades —— spatulate, 1-1.5 mm. long: calyx.16-18 mm. long; lateral lobes of the upper lip Bue orale MU searlet, 4—5 em. long; lobes of oí upper lip longer than those of the low er.—Pinelands, E pen. Fla.—All yea georgianum Harper. Shrub 2-6 dm. tall: leaf- m d oval elliptie, 10-30 mm. long, shallowly serrate: ape 5-6 m ong: orolla white or pink-purple, and d d spotted, 11-13 mm. long; m middle lobe of the lower lip quite similar e lateral ones and i longer. [C. carolinianum (Michx.) Hel ea rod banks, dry i. and hammocks, Coastal Plain, and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to ‘Miss. an . C.—Sum.-fall. 7 entatum (Chapm.) Kuntze. Shrub 3-7 dm. tall: leaf- eee obovate to olliptie cuneate e, 5-12 mm. long, mainly bas at the apex: x 7-8 mm lon rolla white or purplish, 11-13 mm. long; middle lobe of the lower ip nde than the lateral ones and dre beyond them.—Sand-ridges, middle Fla s r.—fall. 8. C. Ashei (Weatherby) cu Shrub 1-5 dm. tall: leaf- uc linear to nar- rowly eed -elliptic, 0.5-1 em. long, entire, strongly revolute: calyx 6-8 m long; lobes of the ‘upper lip completely fused, the tip merely shallowly tri. dentate: Reng pinkish-purple with darker spots, 12-15 mm. long; middle lobe of the lip broader and longer than the lateral lobes. —Scrub, Lake Region, FI Dos r. 29. DICERANDRA. Benth. Annual erect herbs. Leaf-blades narrow, entire. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip entire or with 3 minute lobes, the lower lip with 2 broad lobes. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip broad: lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe sometimes scarcely as wide as the lateral ones. Stamens 4: anthers awned.—Three species, as follows: Corolla pink-purple: anthers exserted: calyx purple-tinged ; TONES of the lower lip deltoid or triangular : style pubescent to below the middle 74 1170 LAMIACEAE Cymes nearly sessile: anther-horns blunt or E 1. D. densiflora. Cymes n o peduncled : anther-horns acumin 2. D. linearifolia. Corolla white: anthers included: calyx white A pere; e of the lower lip subu ate: style nubesccnt near the tip 3. D. odoratissima. . densiflora Benth. Stem 1-4 dm. tall: leaf- i s narrowly eus d to linear- -elliptie, 2—4 em. long: s becoming 6-8 mm. long: corolla 11-14 long. [Ceranthera densifior Gray.]— À `~ Pine lands, Coastal Plain, E a ‘and Ga.— NN Sum.-fal EM "M, 2. D. linearifolia (Ell) Benth. Stem 2-4 2 dm. cam; leaf-blades linear or lanceolate, ong: ealyx beeoming mm. long: ioris 14-16 mm. lon ng. [Ceranthera lineari- Ô folia El.]—Pinelands and le Coastal ON Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Ga. all. `N 3. odoratissima a Wa ees 2—4 dm. tall: leat He doxes . long: calyx becoming 8-11 mm. long: pert 14-17 mm . €x G long. — Sandhills, Coastal Plain, S E —Fall. 30. HYSSOPUS L. Perennial erect herbs. Leaf-blades narrow, entire: d in axillary cymes or spike-like poem Calyx nearly regular, = lobes nearly equal, shorter than the tu Co i pes upper lip notched: eee lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe very broad. Stamens 4. Stigmas very short.—One spe- cies offici Stem 2-9 dm. tall, eae ee "eat Mades eliptic to s. lanceolate or em. long: calyx 0 mm. long.—(Hysso. waste- -places, various provinces, N. C. to Ont. and uni. also on Pacific slope. Nat. of Eu.—Sum 31. ORIGANUM [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs, or partially woody plants. Leaf-blades broad, often notched. Cymes mostly borne in corymbs. Calyx stout, nearly equally 5-lobed. Corolla 2- @ lipped: upper lip broad, slightly lobed: lower lip with 3 rather an lobes. Stamens 4. Stigmas short.—About 30 species, na- tives of the Old World. 1. O. vulgare L. Stem mostly simple be- OW sparingly branched above, villous-hir- sute: leaf-blades ovate, ~ 1.5-2.5 cm. long, in toothed o entire: ealyx 2— m. long; 1 poo ne ds the tube: corolla "ede eed. or rarely white, 6-7 mm. long; lobes of the upper lip rounded, the lateral lobes of the lower lip LAMIACEAE 1171 rounded, the lateral dui of the lower lip broadly ovate: o less than 1 mm. long.— ( b — Thicket LD-M M. ets, Md E and fie various provinces, . C. to ., and Mass. Nat. is — Sum.—-A related Ola World plant and similar in habit, Majorana Majorana—the Sw EE oo of the panne T- with a 2-lipped “calyx, sometimes m from eultivatio 32. THYMUS [Tourn.] L. Perennial depressed or creeping herbs. Leaf- blades short, mostly entire. Flowers in axillary cymes or raceme-like panieles. Calyx 2-lipped, the iod lip with 3 short lobes, the lower lip with 2 longer lobes. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip erect: lower lip id —About 50 species, mostly European. 1. T. Serpylum L. Plant fragrant, form- ing depressed mats: ae E oa a bs m or ovate, 3-10 m ong: s bee 3.5-4 m crs UM nri. D as long as the "as corolla ELTE h, eae i long as the a nutlets less than l m ng.—(CREEPING-THYME. HYME Meadows, aa and fields, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to W. Va. and N.S. Nat of E Sum. 33. KOELLIA Moench. Perennial erect herbs. Leaf-blades entire or shallowly toothed, those of the upper leaves, like the bracts, often more or less whitened. owers in dense axillary and terminal cymes, pale with 1 spots. Calyx nearly regular or somewhat 2-lipped, the lobes or or elongate. MINTS. HORSE-MINTS. BASILS 2 e 20 speeies, North American. ros ee apparently naked, the bracts small and incon- spic Elowerensténs conspicuously bracted. o not 2-lpped, lobes equal or nearly so. . much eaceeding the calyx: calyx-lobes not aris- I. NUDAE. 3 LANCEOLATAE, orolla about as long as the calyx: calyx-lobes aristate. III ARISTATAE. Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, the three upper lobes partly united. IV. INCANAE. I. Nup Stem strict, topped by a corymb-like cyme: Po clusters perma nently mall. 1. K. nuda. IT. LANCEOLATAE Bractlets ciliolate. Calyx-lobes triangular or ovate-triangular. 2. K. virginiana, Ca p lobes subulate to lanceolate, triangular-lanceo- late, or deltoid. Leaf- p: EUN > most of them over 3 times as long Wenge with strictly entire blades 3. K. flexuosa. Leaves, or the larger ones, with toothed blades. lower- oo -2 cm. broad at maturity, act. Flower- A T conspicuously woolly at aturity: stems copiously pubes- een t Calyx-lobes acute: an blades firm; Species campestri 4. K. pilosa. 1172 LAMIACEAE Calyx- lobes acuminate: leaf-blades hin thin: species Alleghenian. 5. K. leptodon. eee clusters not woolly at maturity: ems inodo pubescent. 6. K. verticillata. Flower- clusters 2-3 cm. broad at maturity, not erowded. *. K. clinopodioides. Be >. most of them less than 3 times as 8. K. mutica. Dractlets copiously ous ciliate. 9. K. montana. ARISTATAE Calyx-lobes, at least the lower ones, shorter than the ele bracts M od mostly Shorter than the coastal spec Calyx: lobes aneo ia lanceolate-subulate, less than 15 ng as the tube: leaf-blades broad. 10. K. aristata. calyxtobes subulate- E ich over 15 as long as the eaf-blades narrow. 11. K. hyssopifolia. oe “obes, at least b over ones, longer than the tube: s with mrs ostly longer than the body: Alle- uen specie 12. K. Hugeri. INCANAE Calyxlobes, minutely Pub without long hairs (ex rare form of 13): bractlets nen like the eae and usually without lon Calyx- DR ovate or lanceolate. Calyx-lobes d obtuse or acutish: mature calyx 25 t 4m lon 3. A. albescens. es s obes" lanceolate, acuminate: mature calyx t 5m ng. K lon K. pauciflora. Calyx- lobes del oid. Corolla Du exceeding the calyx: calyx-lobes See te slightly longer a wide. 5. K. multiflora. Corolla slightly exceeding the calyx: calyx-lobes mostly nn wider p ]on K Calyx with long hairs addition to thé minute ones, at least when you nee xem finely bristly pubescent or pluniose. Leaf-blades mostly whitened, at least, beneath. piles sets conspicuously long- -hairy ; the upper . curvipes. ubulate. T. K. pycnanthemoides., Calyx lobes inconspicuously long-hairy ; the upper . ones lanceolate. . K. incana. Dou re Eo whitened, glabrous or nearly so, or hirsutulous B E Calyx-lobes copiou long-hairy, often plumose: Aa eun ber es beneath, usually cuneate the bas 19. K. dubia. Gaiy< lobes apres long-hairy, not plumose: leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so, rounded or subeordate at the base. 0. K. Beadlei. 1. K. nuda (Nutt.) Kuntz. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf- blades oval or elliptic, 1-2 cm. long, ee or ne arly so: calyx 3—4 mm. long; lobes deltoid: corolla about 5 mm. long; upper lip obtuse.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Sum.-fal 2, K. virginiana (L.) Britton. Stem 4-9 dm. tall minutely pubescent: laneeolate to a dba Ur ee 2— mostly entire: calyx 3.5-4 mm. long; lobes triangular to ovate-triangular: corol — n to Ala., Kans., N. D d Que.— 3. K. flexuosa (Walt. MacM. Stem 3-8 LAMIACEAE 1173 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades narrowly linear to linear-filiform, 1—4 em. lon ne, bout 3. . long; lob corolla 6-7 mm. long; upper lip minutely ae middle lobe of the lower lip much narrower A the lateral ones.—Meadov , fel and thickets, vari- ous provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., 2d Me ia ee K. pilosa (Nutt.) Britton. Stem 4-13 dm. tall, ie pubescent: leaf- Su. lanceolate - eod lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, entire or sparingly denticu- late: calyx 4-5 mm. long, m muore ‘pubescent ; lobes broad- iuc ie corolla 7-8 mm. long. 2 Prairies and dry woods, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to ae Mo., and Pa.—Sum. “ta ll. . leptodon (A. Gray) Small. Stem 5-11 dm. tall, soft- D at jx above: leaf- eds poii to cB eo T 2^5 em. long, serrate or entire: calyx 4.5-5.5 mm. long, vilous; lo obes narrow-lanceolate: corolla 6- 7 mm. Td Mt. ode Blue Ridge, N. C— 6. K. verticillata (Michx.) Kuntze. Stem 4-12 dm. pe _minately pubescent: leaf- blades ud to almost linear, 2-6 em. long, remotely or ep ibd o x 4—5 mm. long; lobes subulate- lanceolate: corolla 6-7 mm. long, or rarely yr es — Fields, thiekets, and woods, various provinees, Ga. ie Mass. and — —fall. T. clinopodioides (T. & G.) Kuntze. Stem 4—12 dm. tall, Adr pubescent: i TR lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, 2-8 cm. long, more or less serrate: calyx 4-4.5 mm, long; lobes lanceolate- subulate, nas ló as ‘long as the tube: corolla about 6 mm. long.—Open woods and ‘dry t hickets, varlous provinces N of a Plain, Tenn. to Pa., Conn., and Va.—Sum 8. K. mutica Conon dg en 6-10 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf- -blades thick, ovate to lanceolate, 2—6 em. long, serrate: calyx 3.5—4 mm. long; lobes deltoid to pm lanceolate, very short: corolla 6-8 mm. long: fila- ments short.—Sandy ns open woods, and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Mo. and Me.—Sum.-fal 9. K. montana (Michx.) Kuntze. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf- blades thin, lanceolate to e -lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 7.5—12 long, sharply serrate: calyx 4-5 mm. long, often villous above; lobes eco corolla 7-8 mm. long: pns elongat ate.—Mt. woods, Blue Ridge to Appa- lachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala., W. Va., and Va.—Sum. | 10. K. aristata (Michx.) Kuntze. e F Ma tall, a leaf-blades rA -lanceolate da ovate-lanceolate, ong, s shallowly ser-. ealyx 5-6 mm. long; tube MH "ribbed: lobes piura to subulate- a corolla "6- 7 mm. long ——Pinelands and sandy fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. J.—Sum.—fal . hyssopifolia (Benth.) Britton. Ms 4—10 dm. tall, puberulent: id ae padece elliptic to linear 1-3.5 em. long, usually entire: ealyx 5-6 m long; tube prominently ribbed: pun much peu the ealyx.—Low M lands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Va.—Sum 12. K. Hugeri rus Stem 5-9 dm. tall, einereous- Ning d je blades elliptie, 1.5-4 e ong, entire or sparingly serrate: x m ong; tube l prominently Po corolla scarcely, if at all, TOR TN the calyx. ME woods, Blue Ridge, N. C.—Sum. 43. K. albescens (T. & G.) Kuntze. Stem 4—10 dm l, more or less rd often minutely, pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic o or lanceolate, 2-7 c 1174 LAMIACEAE long, seg usually greenish above, md beneath: calyx 3-4 mm. long; lobes ovate, obtuse or acutish, bea rdless: corolla mm. long: nutlets ovoid, fully 1 mm. long.—Pinelands and woods, Coastal Plain: Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. C.—Sum.-fall. 14. K. pauciflora Small Stem mostly 12 dm. e or less, minutely close- pubescent, at least above: leaf-blades lanceolate DS laneeolate, 2-5 em. long, distantly serrate, acute or slightly ARUM SE tish or pale-g green abov e, whitish a are ca lyx bun mm. long; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, beardless: corolla about m. long: nutlets narrowly ovoid, fully 1m . lon ng- — Pine lands and edges of a A. in the Coastal RA of Ga. —Ssun 15. K. multiflora Small. Stem 15 dm. tall or less, closely and minutely soft- pubescent, at least above: leaf-blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2— : g, rather remotely serrate, ibm or acutish, pale-green above, white or m beneath: flower- ee becoming open at up Es branches somewha sere each with many iun calyees: calyx und lobes js Iti mostly rn S than eas beardless: dee ave t 6 mm. long: lets ovoid, fully 1 . long.—Dry woods and open sunny ed various iun Ga, a., N. al and Pa. Y sum es Gre Stem mostly less than 10 dm. tall, closely and box E T pubescent ‘throughout: leaf-blades ovate, 1.5-3.5 em. long, mostly raed shallowly e, closely and densely fine-pubescent, Ei. above, white and “prominently veined beneath: flower-clusters permanently glomerate: ee long; lobes deltoid, mostly wider than long: corolla abou ie Peace ‘oval, about 1 mm. long.—Open woods, Stone Mt. in the ee of Ga.—Sum 17. K. pyenanthemoides (Leavenw.) Kuntze. Stem 6-16 dm. tall, minutely pale-pubescent, at least above, and sometimes finely hirsute: leaf- blades ovate, ipd Or or -lanceolate ,2- 10 em. long, thin, shallowly and usually remotely ed relusters r ather dense and somewhat plumose when young, looser in d ? ee nches apio ipi and bearing the secund calyces: bract- lets japan die long and n calyx 5-6 mm. long; lobes slender, I upper ones subulate, the pte ones Sol — subulate: corolla long: nutlets ovoid, ' fully 1 mm. long.—Mt. woods and thickets, Blue Ridge p Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala., Ky., and Ya— Sum 18. K. incana (L.) Kuntze. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, softly and closely pubescent at ee ende e, and often finely hirsute: leaf- blades do elliptie, or n 3—10 em. long, Hi. shallowly, but rather pro ntly and remotely ser- rate: ps clusters permanently compaet, not enim dus uds se: m 3.5-4 mm. long; lobes stout, the upper ones lanceolate, the lower ones tri gular-laneeolate: corolla 6-7 mm. long: nutlets broadly ovoid, about 1 mm. long. Eoo dry thickets, and open woods, various provinces, Fla. to Mo., Ont., and M — Sum. fall. 9. K. dubia (A. Gray) Small. Stem 4-11 dm. tall finely hirsute: leaf- blades lanceolate to linear- nud Or pu VE Re ie 9.5 € m. long, remotely nearly e the x 4.5-5 m et or lanceolate body and a sable bearde a tip: corolla 6-7 mm. long: tube pubescent ante nutlets broadly ellipsoid, 1.5 mm. long.—Mt. slopes, Blue Ridge, N. C.—Sum K. Beadlei Small. Stem 5-9 dm. tall, minutely pubescent with short hairs: Pu blades ene -lanceolate to ovate- lanceolate, or those of the branches a I tg ce, Nem mme cE i v ren i tt Oe ty hd, LAMIACEAE 1175 laneeolate to ovate, 3-8 cm. long, shallowly rae , glabrous or nearly so, and alyx 4-5 often prominently veined beneath: calyx long, puberulent; lobes triangular- -lanceolate and subulate-tipped: corolla 6-7 mm. long; tube glabrous within: nutlets narrowly ovoid, about 1.5 mm. long. —Woods in a Blue Ridge, —fall. N. C. pud Tenn.—Sum 34. MAPPIA House. Perennial erect herbs, or woody plan Leaf- blades broad, entire or too $ owers in axillary cymes. d nearly regular, the lobes shorter mo the tube. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip erect: lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 2, long-exserted.—A bout 15 species, American. 1. M. origanoides (L.) House. age 2—4 dm. tall wiry: Pare blades ovate to ovate- TUA 1.5-2.5 em. long, serrate: prd 2-2.05 mm. long; ine ovate to deltoid: corolla purplish, 4-5 mm. long. [Cunila mariana L. C. oe S ere ton]— (DITTANY. STONE-MINT.)— , thickets, and open hillsides, often in ame un t acid soil, N Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. Y— Sum .— oth the Am m can aborigines a nd of the oe a from e It was used in cases of **eolds?? and of fevers, and also for making a tea 35. LYCOPUS [Tourn.] L. Perennial, erect or creeping, often stolon- iferous herbs. Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Flowers whitish to lavender in dense axillary eymes. Calyx regular or nearly so: lobes longer than the tube or shorter. Corolla diae 2- eee upper lip notched: lower lip nearly equally 3-lobed. Sta Abou species, natives of the north temperate ME OMM. Cep, dudas qu cd. Calyx-lobes ovate to elliptie or elliptic-lanceolate, 4 or 5: nut- lets exceeding the calyx I. VIRGINICI. Calyx-lobes subulate to dence olate (ovate, acuminate in No. 8), mostly 5: nutlets not exceeding the calyx. Corolla c as long as the calyx: bracts minute: blades of the lower leaves merely toothed. II. RUBELLI. oe Bur little longer than the calyx; blades of the lower leaves pinnatifid. III. PINNATIFIDI. VIRGINICI Corolla 1.5-2 mm. long: style included. 1. L. virginicus. Corolla 2-3 mm. long: style exserted. 2. L. uniflorus. II. RU E manifestly petioled, or with petiole- like base tem glabrous or merely puberulent: calyx ao or nearly so; lobes r 3. L. rubellus. Stem copiously pubescent: calyx closely pubescent; lobes, at least the upper ons recurved. 4. L. velutinus. Leaf-blades sessile or nearly so, sometimes partly clasping. tem glabrous, at least below : bracts subtending the cymes gradually narrowed at the base. 5. L. sessilifolius. ibd densely puberulent or finely pubescent: bracts subtend- g the cymes truncate at the base. .. L. pubens. PINNATIF III. Stem and leaves usually glabrous or glabrate: calys-lobes acute, > short awn- tipped : leaf-blades with acute serratio T. L. americanus, 1176 LAMIACEAE Stem and leaves usually pubescent, sometimes slightly so: calyx- lobes EOD) long awn-tipped: leaf-blades with obtuse serrations. 8. L. europaeus. L. virginicus L. Stem 1-8 dm. tall, purplish or greenish-purple, obtuse- angled, not usually tuberous at the base, ee with tuber-bearing stolons: leaf- 2-1 ommon, in meadows and rather moist soil, various provinces, Ga. to Ark., Nebr., and N. H.—Sum.fall. 2. L. uniflorus Miehx. Stem 1-8 dm. tall, green or sometimes purplish, sharp-angled, tuberous at the base, the stolons rarely sd -bearing: leaf-blades iei to E n eae Tum 8 em. long, s m ie l 5 ong; does dne NN due Bicknell] Low grounds, and eee vari- ous provinces, N. C. to Nebr., Ore., B Ont., and Newf. UP. —fall. L. rubellus Moench. Stem 5-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate-elliptie, 3—15 em. long, sharply serrate or ppp calyx be- di 23 lly 2.6 mm. long; lobes d about as long as the tube: eorolla 3. . long.—Low grounds, borders of s pd = stakes, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Mo., ana N. Y.—Sum.—fall. 4. L. velutinus Rydb. Similar to L. rubellus in habit, but copiously pubes- cent, the branches often densely so: leaf-blades elliptic, sometimes broadly so, or elliptic-lanceolate, coarsely toothed: calyx becoming 2.5 mm. long; lobes curved, much longer than the tube: corolla 3-3.5 mm. long.—Low grounds, various provinces, Miss. to Tex. and Colo.—Sum.-fall. 5. L. sessilifolius A. a Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades eu to elliptie or lanceolate, 1.5-6 em. long, shallowly db calyx 2-2.5 long; lobes as long as the faves "donet eorollaip with a reniform need: middle lobe: filaments pubescent at the base.—Wet soil a Ds grounds, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Miss. and Mass.—Sum.—fall. L. pubens Britton. Stem 6-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, elliptic- -lanceo- late or linear-elliptie, 4.5—10 em. long, sharply serrate: calyx mai 5-8 mm. long ; lobes ee than the tube: lower corolla-lip with an oe obtuse middle lobe: fila ne nts glabrous Au s pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. C. —Sum.—fall. 7. L. americanus Muhl. Stem 1-9 dm. tall, often pu e leaf-blades lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2—10 em. long, t those the lower p of the S M ose i e y tooth pes 3 mm. 1 : corolla about as long a : staminodia thickened at the tip. [L. sinu- atus Ell.]— Moist cee a pie es, wet banks and meadows, various prov- inces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C., Ont., and Newf.—Sum.—fall. L. rcs L. Stem 1 m. tall or less: leaf-blades ovate or elliptic- vate, 2— ong, obtuse a p Pepe Po o the lower ones, at pies, SCARE or pinnatifid near the bas long: corolla only slightly exceeding the calyx: nudes RT pite ie calyx- ~ .—Waste- r LAMIACEAE 1177 places and roadsides, various provinces, Ala. to La. and Mass. Nat. of Eu.— Sum.—fall. 36. MENTHA [Tourn.] L. Perennial erect or diffuse herbs. Leaf- blades toothed or incised. Flowers in dense axillary cymes, these sometimes dis Ed. in spike-like panicles. Calyx nearly regular, the lobes shorter than the tube. Corolla obscurely 2-lipped: upper lip mostly notched: lower lip of 3 ids equal lobes. Stamens 4.—About 30 species, natives of the north temper- ate zone.—S MINT Flower-clusters all axillary, not in terminal spikes I. ARVENSES. Flower-clusters, at pee st most of them, peepee iad in terminal spike-like panicles II. SPICATAE. I. ARVENSES Stem and branches glabr ous or with short seattered hairs: calyx glabrous or nearly so, except for the eu lobes. 1. M. gentilis. Stem and branches n retrorse or spreading hairs: calyx pubescent all ov Stem and Branches. "with Short retrorse or retrorse-appressed hairs: larger calyx-lobes deltoid: calyx-tube closely pubes- Buc. with short hairs. 2. M. arvensis. Stem and branches with long lax or spreading hairs: larger calyx-lobes uA lanceolate : calyx-tube loosely pubes- cent with long hairs 3. M. canadensis. II. SPICATAE Flowers in short and stout raceme-like panicles, or clustered i Calyx, at least the 1 ; se ae em and leaves copiously pubescent : eee ovate or orbicular-ovate: calyx pubescent all ov 4. M. aquatica. Stem and leaves glabrous: leaf-blades elliptic, or lanceo- E te: ealyx with pubescent lobes. 5. M. piperita. labrous 6. M.citrata. Pio in Blandos or relatively slender, often elongate spike- i o longer calyx-lobes as long as the tube or leaf-blades sessile. Stem and ATOT not canescent : calyx-tube glabrous or nearly so: eorolla-tube not exceeding the calyx. T. M. spicata. Stem and inflorescence unes cant or villous- ore cones calyx- tube copiously pubescent: corolla-tube much exceeding the calyx 8. M. rotundifolia. 1. M. gentilis L. Stem 2-7 dm. pens glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades oval, ovate, praed or elliptie, 1.5-5 em. lon ne serrate, the foral ones not con- spicuously reduc ed, with petio see ofte lo d UM than the ond m iE 1 long; tub E ous or nearly "go: corolla lavender or lilac; upper lip notched. —Stream-banks, waste- a nd roadsides, a provinces MS of Coastal inr. Ga. to Ia. and N.S. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fall. 2. M. arvensis L. Stem 4 dm. tall or less, often diffuse, copiously, often closely. pale- pubescent: le af- bla ines = elliptic, or oval, ong, coarsely serrate above the the upper lip mostly notched —-Stream- banks, waste-places, and about ee 1178 LAMIACEAE various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Nebr., and Newf. Nat. of Eu.—(Menz.) —Sum.—fall. 3. M. canadensis L. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, loosely pubescent: leaf-blades lanceo- late, elliptic, or elliptic- peo d. 2—7 em. long, serrate, narrow-based, the floral ones with petioles as long as the flower-clusters: calyx about 2.5-3 mm. long; tube loosely pubescent: ole lavender or white; upper lip mostly obtuse.—Thickets and low sandy places, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C. to N. M., B. ©., Man., and N. B.—Sum.—fall. 4. aquatica L. Stem 2-6 dm. long or more, pubescent with recurved hairs: le af-blades broadly ovate, or orbicular-ovate, 1—4 cm. long, or di p rather sharply serrate, those of the floral leaves educed: long: tube pubescent with short spreading hairs; lobes Duet. iion X a as long as the tube: corolla lavender, about 5 mm. lon mau MINT.)—Road- side m and wet places, various provinces, Ga. to N. S. Nat. of Eu.— Sum 5. M. piperita L. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades en ae ovate, elliptic-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 1.5-5 em. long, sharply s 2.5-9 mm. long; lobes su rd m shorter than the cylindric campanulate tube: corolla light-violet, 3.5—4 long.—( PEPPER roadsides s, and stream mvbanks, various gl UM Fla. to Ark. "Calif, Ont., and N Nat. of Eu.—(W I= —Sum.-fall. 6. M. citrata Ehrh. Stem 3-11 dm. long, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades ovate to orbicular-ovate, 1.5—4 cm. long, sharply serrate: calyx 3.5-4 mm : ong; lobes bi shorter than the cylindrie-turbinate tube: [e lavender whitish, about 4.5 mm. rm et places, various provinces, Ga. to Mo. and Conn. Nat. of ^ —(W. I.)—Sum.-fall. 7. M. spicata L. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: ju gon elliptie or elliptic-lanceolate, 3-6 em. long, sharply serrate: calyx . long; lobes bonis - long ip e campanulate tube: corolla de Fer m. long. i L.]— (Sre MINT.)—Waste-places, fields, and roads ides, pd Ee "Fla. to Kans. T “Ont., and N. B. Nat. of Bu OV. I. \— Sum. —fall. ma rotundifolia (L.) Huds. Stem i dm. tall, ias MALUS leaf- rum elliptic, oval, or T 2— ane . long, finel errate, often partly elasping: ealyx becoming about mu Tone. lobes slightly shorte er than the eampanulate tube: corolla lave Bee or pale-lilac, 2.5-3 mm. long.—Open grounds and thickets, various B ces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and Ne Nat. of Eu.—(W. I., Mez., s. A.) —Sum.-fall. 37. MICHELIELLA Briq. Perennial erect herbs. Leaf-blades rather coarsely toothed. Flowers in panicles. Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip with 3 short lobes: lower lip with 2 narrow lobes. Corolla 2- on middle lobe of the lower lip fringed. Stamens 4.—Two species.—STONE-ROOT Leaves 4, or rarely 6, approximate, sometimes almost whorled at the top of the stem. . . 1l. M. verticillata. Leaves several, in pairs along the stem. 2. M. anisata. l. M. verticillata (Baldw.) Briq. Stem 1-5 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf- blades thin, ovate to obovate or euneate-obovate, 8-16 cm. long: calyx becoming LAMIACEAE 1179 m. long: corolla tawny, 11-13 mm. long. f sonia verticillata Baldw.] — Rich d Blue Ridge and oe Ga. to , Tenn., and N. C.—Spr.- 2. M. anisata (Sims) Briq. Stem 3-6 dm tall, iu. -pubeseent: leaf- ass thick- ish, elli sn. or d oval, d . long: of principles, viz. starch, tannin, resin, wax mucilage, and volatile oil. The plants are lemon-scented. 8. COLLINSONIA L. Perennial erect or reclining herbs. Leaf-blades toothed. Flowers in panicles. Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip with 3 short lobes: lower lip with 2 longer lobes. Corolla 2-lipped, elongate, middle lobe of the | lower lip pacer ate or fringed.—Three species as follows.—HoORSE-BALMS. Branches of the inflorescence puberulen Stem rigi M xc f-blades mostly over Em em. long, many-toothed : E becom- C.c i - lon . canadensis. tem rec Mainz: leaf- blades mostly less than 8 cm. long, coarsely few-toothed: pedicels becoming 2—4 mm. long. 2. C. tuberosa. Branches of the inflorescence glandular-pubescent. 3. C. punctata. 1. C. canadensis L. Stem erect, 3-9 dm. tall, from a thick hard root: leaf- blades thickish, S d or oval, 9—16 em. long, rather coarsely dentate-serrate: calyx becoming 5-7 mm. long: corolla abou 1.5 em. long, SEER nutlets E reticulate, nearly s ue in MU CN (HORSE-BALM, HIC STONE-ROOT.)— Rich, moist woods p thickets, Mur p. inces, Fla. to Ark., Kans., Ont., and —Sum.-fall. 2. C. tuberosa Michx. un spreading or SS reclining, 3— a dm. long: leaf-blades thin, ovate, 5-8 e LU sid iua ns = » ps Ga. N. C.—The eor olla of this iude d tha t of the D are yellowish, either dark or pale. 3. punctata Ell. Stem 4-9 dm. tal ie blades Pi ovate or ovate, or elliptis or pics. on the upper part of the stem, 2-8 em. long, serrate: calyx becoming 6 mm. long.—Rich woods, a A Ga. to Miss. (La.?) and N. C. 39. PERILLA L. Annual erect herbs. Leaf-blades often coarsely toothed. Flowers in spike-like panicles. Calyx 2- -lipped: upper lip with 3 broad lobes: lower lip with 2 longer lobes. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip broad: lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe largest. Stamens 4.—Two species, Asiatic 1180 LAMIACEAE 1. P. frutescens (L.) Britton. Stem 2-6 roadsides, various provinces, Fla. Mo. and Con Nat. of Asia.—Sum.— The bea especially when bruised, give off a strong o 40. HYPTIS Jacq. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf-blades ein toothed. Flowers in often dense axillary cymes Calyx nearly regular, so times oblique, accrescent and ribbed or veiny E maturity. Corolla 2- es white to purple: lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe saccate. [Mesosphaerum P. Br.]—About 300 species, mostly tropical American. Flowers borne in few remote peduncled involucrate heads: bracts foliaceous. I. RADIATAE. Poe eus in numerous axillary separated clusters or in ntiguous or approximate glomerules whicb thus form a od panicles : bracts minute. Po in unilateral cymules which are aggregated into hyrsus: mure ealyx persistent. II. SPICATAE. Flowers in so separated axillary clusters: mature calyx deciduou III. VERTICILLATAE. I. RAD Stem typically simple or branched at the ie doo to the top. 1. H.radiata. II. SPICATAE Calyx-lobes short-subulate, at maturity less than i$ as long as tube: terminal portion of the inflorescence LOT DOSE of elongate slender mee thyrsi, open. 2. H. mutabilis. Calyx-lobes setaceous-subulate, at maturity much more than as long as the tube: terminal portion n s inflorescence composed of short continuous thyrsi, comp 3. H. pectinata. VERTICILLATA Tall plant with virgate stems and very slender Da the o. fiower-clusters inconspicuously bracted. 4. H. verticillata. 1. H. radiata Willd. Stem 2 m. tall or less, finely pubescent, simple or rarely branched: leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2-8 em. long or eross-ribbed at maturi laneeolate, short-hairy: long: nutlet ets oval, nearly 1 Low pinelands, hamm marshes, Coastal Plain N. C.—(W. I.)—Spr M c or t all Mee $8. 2. H. mutabilis (A. Rich.) Briq. Stem 2 m. tall or less, pubescent with short crispe h and more or less murieate: leaf-blades Sere ovate 1toid, renifor 2-7 long or rarely m nds -serrate, broadly uis p nuns ERNEUT: © m a o pen a udi. HORT nm LAMIACEAE 1181 at the base, slender-petioled: calyx becoming 6-7 mm. long; tube iua yi CTOSS- aibbed; lobes short-subulate, das l mm. long: corolla 3.5-4 tube ut: nutlets oval, about mm. long. D waste- ree cult.- Er ud roadsides, Fla. Nat. of trop. Am.— (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 3. H. pectinata (L.) Poir. Stem 1.5 m. tall or less, sparingly pubescent with air : lea v em. irregularly serrate, cuneate to rounded at the base: calyx becoming 4-5 mm long; tube ae Cross- eae lobes setaceous-subulate, 1.5-2 mm. long: corolla about 4 mm. long; t e slender: nutlets ellipsoid, about 1 mm. long.— Hammocks, cult. Meri ind roadsides, S m Fla. Nat. of trop. Am.— I Mex » S. A.)—All year.—T'wo related species included in Fl. SE. U. S., H. ‘spicata Poir. and H. spicigera im are not now definitely iowa from our ran ge. H. verticillata Jacq. Stem 1-2 m. tall, SIR UB pubeseent, leaf- Eon lanceolate to linear- Bc md 9-12 em. long, rather sh arply s acuminate : calyx becoming 2—2.5 mm. long; tube slightly ribbed; lobes dato to tri mu ee. shorter jm the tube: corolla white, abou t twice long as the calyx: nutlets a DU about 1.5 mm. long. —Hammocks and ro hi sides, pen. Fla. Nat. of trop. Am.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Sum.-fall. 41. OCIMUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf-blades often of an ovate type and toothed. Flowers in raceme-like panieles. Calyx strongly E eae accrescent: upper lip a broad lobe decurrent as wings on the sides of e tube: lower lip of 2 broad lobes and 2 narrow lobes. Corolla 2-lipped: lower is of 3 broad lobes.—About 40 species, widely distributed in warm and trop- ical regions. Corolla slightly exceeding the Coys: 2 obscurely fine-pubescent or the lower lobe entire: nutlets about ng. . 0. micranthum. o much exceeding the algae ios hirsutulous without, the ower lobe sharply toothed: nutlets about 1.5 mm. long. 2. O. basilicum. O. micranthum Willd. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, minutely and obscurely pubes- cent: leaf-blades ovate, often narrowly so, evidently but shallowly toothed: panicles eee loosely flower urple, 2- ong a p , 2-3 mm. long at anthesis: crest-like upper lobe mie orbicular in fruit roll purple or paler, about 4 ] o ior stamens without spurs: fruiting c rowly campanulate, the lateral nae with slender tips as long as the body.—( WILD- BASIL. MOSQUITO-PLANT.)—Hammocks, pine- lands, and jou -plaees, S Fla.—(W. I. Mez., C. A., S. A.)—Spr.-fall or all year. 2. O. basilicum L. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate, usually broadly so, obseurely toothed: panicles dd pulsus calyx green, about 5 m long at nthesis; erent. like upper lobe bicular- reform in fruit: corolla white, abot t 7 mm. long: postarit ama ith hairy spurs a t the base of the filam ents: fruiting calyx anul th lateral e with ee ut tips much shorter than the body — (BASIL. rara us shell-mounds, and pinelands, pen. Fla. Nat. of Asia.— (JW. I.)—Sum.— l 1182 RHINANTHACEAE Coleus pumilus Blaneo, with small, Vibes deeply toothed leaf-blades, red A ng midrib and lateral veins, the stem mewhat prostrate and rooting along wer portion, has been found as an escape in pen. Fla. Native of the Philippine Islands. Famimy 14. RHINANTHACEAE! — Ficwort FAMILY Herbs or rarely shrubs trees. Stems commonly terete. Leaves opposite, whore d or alternate: pla es entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers sepals. Corolla irregular, of 5 partly or wholly united o Androecium usually of 4 didynamous stamens, sometimes 2 or 5 or the fifth one seta sented by a staminodium. Gynoecium 2-carpellary. Ovary 2-celled, rarely becoming l-celled. Fruit capsular or- rarely baccate. —About 200 genera and 3000 species, of wide geographic distribution. Corolla with the posterior deed external—overlapping in sae bud. — (Antirrhinoideae) Tree: calyx coriaceous: corolla large, about 5 cm. lon . capsule woody. E ` Tribe I. PAULOWNIEAE. Herbs 2C membranous or her et corolla smaller : sule membranous to coria Stigmas distinct, flattened qon rely so in Capraria, uon and Scoparia) d reticulate or finely 7 ine in 3 cep zus, and t EE. axillary: leav opp Doer o (except in oa Sepals distinct or Es ay 0 (except in He anthus) : corolla 1 (3-18 mm. long): leaves and capsule usually E. punctate. II. GRATIOLEAE. Sepals united over half their fone tue corolla large ° (25-35 mmu iene): : leaves and capsule not E ular-punctate. III. MIMULEAE. Stigmas wholly united, punctiform or capitate: seeds not simply reticulate, either smooth, tubercu- j eolat ds : firm, chartaceous or coriaceou florescence racemose or UM eat the bracts usually muc smaller than the lea Filaments 5: capsule "ep cio idal. cone rotate, slightly zygomorphic, its lobes nger than the tube: filaments all anther- ifar ous: leaves alternate. IV. VERBASCEAE. Corolla tubular-campanulate, strongly zygo- morphic, its lobes shorter than the tube: posterior PRERE without an anther: leaves opposite. V. CHELONEAE. Filaments 4 (the posterior one present as a minute knob only in Collinsia): capsule loculicidal. d Corolla red, tubular: capsule filled with tortu- ous hairs between which are scattered rough- ened seeds: leaves mostly Aa like. VI. RUSSELIEAE. Corolla. pops blue, violet, white, saccate JA rred: apace lackinė hairs within leare with expanded blades Capsule loculicidal by a simple median slit: eae abe olate or smooth: corolla vio- blue e, not pouched or spurred n BOR iot leaves opposite. Corolla broadly saucer-shaped or dipper- shaped, with a fine horn like appen- d t the base of the anterior lobes: posterior stamen lacking: capsule globose: sepals distinct. VII. ANGELONIEAE. 1 Contributed by Franeis Whittier Pennell. E ~ m RHINANTHACEAE Corolla seemingly papilionaceous, the tube gibbous at the base posteriorly : posterior stamen represented by a callose knob: capsule slightly hat- tened : sepals partly united. Capsule. opening by transverse loculicidal ruptures: seed duod. ridged, or winged: corolla yellow or violet-blue, bilabiate, Dn a narrow pouch or spur at the base nteriorly: leaves alternate. B. RE the ES OE lobes external—overlapping in the ud: herbs.— (Rhinanthoideae Stamens 2, the postero-late fai alone present: corolla m "e -5 mm. long), e antero-lateral lobes exter- plants not parasitic. Scd a the antero- pense usually the longer: corolla lar the mid-anterior lobes usually external: Dres usdallv root- ura dae Sebals 5, alike: pes BAL nearly equally distinct. Sepals unequal, the rior one very short or lack- ing: corolla Bonds ‘bilabiate the 2 posterior lobes united nearly to the ap r PAULOWNIEA Tree, with cordate leaf-blades, dd panicles of horizontal flower ‘S, and erect pointed capsules II. GRA Leaves alternate: stamens 5: corolla oa pop white. nb opposite: stamens 4 or 2 (the posterior one obso- Leaf-blades entire or toothed: seeds brown or yellow. orolla Du due deos to the antero-lateral sinuses low not projecting beyo nd those points (ABIT filaments simple) : posterior dE of Hc corolla, little if at all, Shorter the nterior. esac uniform: capsule turgid, longer than wide, acute or obtuse : stem elongate. Sepals : corolla rotate, B recurved Jobes Sepals 5: corolla c aac aula tubular, or sal- verform, the lobes equalling or shorter he tube. Corolla campanulate, nearly regular; lobes equalling, or little shorter than the tube, the posterior pert a little if at e t St 4: capsule AE or ovoid, nearly equalling the sepals: outer sepal ova Stamens 2: capsule ellipsoid- Do much shorter than the se outer sepal of an Orbicuimis chua te t peu bibracteolate : capsule acute. o pubescent in the throat: ed surrounde y a circle of bristles: outer sepal cordate: leaf- blades clasping: plan emon- scented. Corolla glabrous within: ovary not surrounded by bristles: outer sepal ovate: leaf-blades PEE at the Bs base: ane odorles Corolla narrowe decide edly. zygomorphic, the lobes M than the tube, the posterior united over half their length or throughou Corolla tubular ‘or tubular- campanulate, relatively broad at the throat, paper cent within at the pus of the posterior lobes: capsule septicidal, or secondarily (in Gratiola) also loculicidal: leaf- blades toothed. 1183 VIII. COLLINSIEAE. IX. ANTIRRHINEAE, X. VERONICEAE, XI. BUCHNEREAE. XII. RHINANTHEAE. 1. PAULOWNIA. 2. CAPRARIA. m c 5t . SCOPARIA. MACUILLAMIA. . HERPESTIS, . HYDROTRIDA. BRAMIA, 1184 RHINANTHACEAE Pedicels bibracteolate at the base: outer s sepa als much wider Mesa the inner: leniferous stam 4. peue, bibraeteolate at the apex n Gratiola bractlets occa- sionally one or lacking) : sepals nearly ond 2m width : pollenif- erous stam Anther-saes Gar PUR across the Ip of the filament, often some- w quite Anther-sacs vertical, conti iguous: corolla slightly exceeding the : wly pyr y unequal in len eb Corolla a very narrow at the hroat and short-pubescent within on all dpt Be ule loculicidal: leaf- blades en Leaves dimorphic, ne ae ow submerged ones on the short caudex- like od and a pair of broad ones (bracts), which serve as floats at the tip of the elongate scape: capsule wider than mM deeply notched. der" UE raised ridges (each formed b ce o which proje esses beyond this polit? po CriOR lobes of the E less than two-thirds the length of the nterior. Corolla violet-blue, 6 mm. long or more: only t po P diu lateral alaimenis with anthers: S de with e n ae ape semi-persistent base: cap- us e re, ellipsoid to _ ovoid, perm anently 2- “celled, d, septicidal: sepa (by lack of septum distally), rupturing al Sepals united only at 'the io corolla with three-fourths a ncn: leaf-blades or- bicular or nearly S Sepals united at least half their length, ex- cept on the anterior side: corolla open nearly to the base on the posterior side, the posterior lobe lacking: styles united half to PUE thirds their length: leaf-blades obovate- ipti c ec Sipeanatifid : seeds pale greenish-yellow, or arly colorless: corolla lavender. III. MIMULEAE Tall glabrous perennial herbs: corolla personate, violet. V. VER CEAE Tall perenniai or biennial herbs, with sessile or decurrent leaf-blades and yellow or white corollas. Flower-stalk bibracteolate, the simple inflor nce nearly IE the flowers crowded: bracts and bractlets broad: rolla rud Lacus closed by the lower lip: anthers lanose: seed i winged. Flowerstalk. En bracteolate: inflorescence compound, pa- culate or thyrsoid, of axillary cymose flower-clusters : : 8. 10. HL 1. E 2. 13. 15. 16. 1T. 18. wn 9. MECARDONIA. GRATIOLA. TRAGIOLA. SOPHRONANTHE. AMPHIANTHUS. ILYSANTHES. GLOBIFERA. HEMIANTHUS. LEUCOSPORA. MIMULUS. VERBASCUM. CHELONE. hn tee S k RHINANTHACEAE bracts attenuate: corolla with orifice open: anthers parbaté or glabrous : seeds turgid, wingless. d purple, iolet-blu ue, or white: posterior filament slender, as jns as ac others: cauline leaves with clasping blades: stem terete, Corolla greenish -purple Es "m onishe posterior acne Scale-like. 2-lobed : cauline leaves with petioled blades Stem 4-angled. VI. RUSSELIEAE Tall diffuse perennial herb, with rush-like stems and seale- like leaves (except on shoots ). VII. ANGELONIEAE Erect perennial herb with leafy stems: corolla violet. VIII. COLLINSIE Low annual herb with broad leaf-blades and xis flowers, the corollas partly blue and partly white, IX. pisse. Capsule dehiscing by irregular distal ruptures: rolla with the posterior lobes arched and distally spreading : fila- ments and anthers glabrous: flowers in terminal racemes: leaf-blades narrow, sessile: plants erect. Capsule dehiscing by a lid: corolla with the posterior lobes projecting: filaments and anthers pubescent: e rers axib lary : leaf-blades broad, petioled : plant prostra X. ERONICEA Corolla with. lobes much shorter than the tuber capsule : s 5: e Corolla with lobes ip as than the tube: capsule as wide as long or wider, flat: a eran a deeply notched: sepals 4: I. BucH Stamens with both anther-sacs equally duod corolla not salverform, the throat open: capsule partly ex- the c S Corolla tu ibular, crane “fleshy, semi-persistent : anthers ed. OON „campan ulate or rotate, yellow or rose- purple, ranous, early falling: anthers little or all ps cserted. Anther-saes glabrous (or in Afzelia cassioides with few bristle-like hairs at ap = 2 corolla rotate: sti in punctiform or capita Corolla densely pubescent within on all sides filaments didynamous: anther-sacs police tink cuspidate at the base, opening lengthwise: style persistent on the capsule. e finely pubescent in a ring about the base the Pearce filaments nearly or quite nther-sacs obtuse at the base, opening | n al: by apical A style deciduous Ane -sacs lanose: corolla semi- tum ARN TTE stigma Corolla yellow: anther-sacs with rigid awns at se: 7 e Corolla purple or pink, nearly always with red- purple spots within: anther-sacs rounded or aaa "NEU at the base: stigma Leaf-blades of a filiform, linear, or spatulate type, entire: calyx- lobes shorter than the tube or about A a anther-saes of h : bot equ Leaf-blades of a EOT “type, Some, at least, auriculate-lobed at the pase: calyx- h Stamens with only one anther-sac Root the other wholly abortive: corolla salverform, the throat nearly closed : capsule nearly or quite included in the calyx-tube ; pedicel bibracteolate. 75 1185 20. PENSTEMON. 24. to ge ve) fet c2 2 v ve) . SCROPHULARIA. . RUSSELIA. . ANGELONIA. COLLINSIA. LINARIA. . IXICKXIA. . VERONICASTRUM, . VERONICA. . MACRANTHERA, . DASISTOMA. . AFZELIA. . AUREOLARIA, . AGALINIS, TOMANTHERA. 35. BUCHNERA, 1186 RHINANTHACEAE XII. uc Pedicel bibracteolate: calyx-lobes 5: ule M septi- d al, and tardily also slightly locul dal: seeds narrow, nge ; 36. SCHWALBEA. Pedicel not E racted: calyx-lobes 4: capsule loculicidal: see oad, wingless. Corolla yellowish green, its posterior lobes long-project- ng, t hooded at the apex, its anterior lobes very T : T cylindric-ovoid, equally 2-celled: calyx nd foliaceous bracts distally scarlet. 37. CASTILLEJA. Corolla yellow, purplish, or my e, its posterior lobes arched and hooded, its anterior lobes developed on flat or ridged plane: capsule flattened, ensiform, = y : n. Anterior lip not raised into a palate: ad la : the apex: plant perennial. 38. PEDICULARIS. Anterior lip rais pes into a yellow densely pubescent palate: anthers pubescent: seeds turgid: sepa als of each side united at the base; plant annual, 39. MELAMPYRUM. 1. PAULOWNIA Sieb. & Zucc.. Trees resembling Catalpa. Leaves op- posite; blades ample, long-petioled. Flowers in a large D Sepals 5, united half their length. TA violet- i Im zygomorphie, the throat broad and - ridged within, the lips slightly Be Stamens 4, didynamous. Stigmas distinct, plate-like. Capsule ovoid, acute, jocub dat Seeds flat, broadly winged.—Hight species, E Asiatic. P. tomentosa (Thunb.) Baill. Large tree n flaky bark: leaf-blades 15—40 em. ong, -ova 55 apsule 30-40 mn —(PRINCESS-TREE. KARRI-TREE. J—Rosd- UM a open woods, n nd Men e E U.S. Nat. of China.—Late Spr. 2. PRARIA Erect branched herb, the root perennial. Leaves alternate: blades sessile, serrate, Jo d punetate. Flowers axillary to eaf-like bracts. 1. C. biflora L. tem 3- m. brous or e escent: pur ms ET cm. long, oblanceolate, ipti —20 mm. an axil: sepals 5-7 mm. long, uu eorolla about 10 mm. long, white or ds tinged: eapsule 4-6 mm. long: eeds ellipsoid, od .—Sandy soil, on or ne beaches, S Fla.—(W. I., Merx., C. á., S. A.) —Al year. RHINANTHACEAE 1187 3. SCOPARIA L. Erect, much-branched herb, the root perennial. Leaves opposite: blades petioled, serrate, glandular-punetate. Flowers axillary to leaf- like braet Sepals 4, equal. Corolla white rotate, Tu -pubeseent on all sides: lobes i longer than the tube, the posterior united throughout (so that ies appear to be only four). Stamens 4. Stigmas mi- nute, mainly united. Capsule ovoid, acute, septicidal, and only slightly loculicidal at apex. Seeds numerous, cylindric-ellipsoid, reticulate, wingless.—About 20 species, tropieal and South Ameriean 1. S. dulcis L. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, gla- nii d. or shghtly D pe. des = ng, vate to lan eolate, uneately n rowed to tie short petiole: poi a 3-9 mm. i Ion ng, slender, one or two to an axil: sepals abou un s n ong e. elliptic to elliptic- pias three-n nerved: corolla white, 4—10 mm. wide; lobe ate: capsule 1.5-2 = mm. long: seeds yellowish-brown. [S. gran ee Nash ]— “Gon T-WEED.)—W aste- places and cult. ground, Coastal Plain, S Fla. to La. and S Ga.— (W. I., Mex. C. A., S —A]l year. 4. MACUILLAMIA Raf. Creeping and floating succulent, odorless eaves opposite: blades entire, palmately 7-9-veined, obscurely gander punctate, narrowed to a clasping base. Flowers axillary to kac like acts. Sepals 5, unequal, the posterior one orbicular-oval to oval . the two Gea ovate; the two innermost lanceolate, long as the othe Corolla white, nearly E campan nulate: lobes slighty shorter than the (be equally distinct or the posterior slightly united. Stamens 4. Stigmas peltately flat- tened. Capsule globose or ovoid, obtuse, Bes equalling the persistent calyx septicidal or also loculicidal. Seeds numerous, cylindric, finely reticulate, d less.—About 10 species, natives of tropical and temperate America. Pedicels 10-15 1 long, pubescent: corolla 6-8 mm. long: capsule 4-5 mm. long, both septicidal aad loculicidal. 1. M. rotundifolia. oat 5-7 mm. long, nearly glabrous: corolla 3-4 mm. long: e 3 un. long, apparently only loculicidal. 2. M. repens. 1. M. rotundifolia eee Raf. Stem and branches 2-6 dm. long, D aud cent, especially above, forming dense mats in water: leaf-blades 1.5-3.5 c lon ng obovate to obovate-orbicular: pedicels 1 0-15 mm. long, pan than the bracts sepals becoming 4-6 mm. long: corolla na ong, with di d seeds 0.5 m Du yellowish-bros [.Herpestis jd. folia SA Pursh Monniera rotundifolia Michx. | —Po: Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn., and more western a Tex. to Colo., '"N. D., M. repens ~ Pennell. Stem and a 2—4 dm. long, pubescent, Ee above, forming mats in water: oe dus 1-2 em. long, obovate: pedie EE 5-7 p nearly glabrous, i acl shorter ihan t ve bracts: sepals becoming 3-4 mm. long: 1188 RHINANTHACEAE corolla 3-4 mm. Jong. oo repens Sw.]—Pools, near the coast, George- town, S. C.— (W. I.) —Sum. HERPESTIS Gaertn. f. Creeping succulent, odorless herbs. Leaves opposite: blades entire, palmately 3—5-veined, obseurely glandular- punotate, cor- date-clasping. Flowers axillary to leaf-like bracts. Sepals 5, very dissimilar, the posterior one orbicular-cordate, the two lateral half-cordate; the two inner- most linear-lanceolate, attenuate, slightly shorter than the others. orolla white, nearly regular, campanulate: lobes shorter t s D tinet, peltately flattened and semi-capitate. NO pide -ovoid, obtuse, enclosed with- and horter than the persistent oe bus nd and loeulieidal. Seeds an e ellipsoid- EE finely ridged, wingless.—One spec H. JE ere poa f. Stem mueh- branched, dm. long, finely ibe especially od s blades 0.5—1.3 em. long, oval or rounded-ovate: flower stalks 2-8 mm. I fin a pubescent, shorter than the bracts: outer sonal: becoming 3—5 mm. lon ng: rolla 3—4 mm. long: capsule 2-2.5 mm. long: seeds dark-brown. LH. à s (Ch apm. Fl) Septilia repens (Fl SE U. $.)].— 'epen -) m and sandy shores, probably tidal, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Md.—(F. I.) —Sum 6. HYDROTRIDA Small. Had succulent, ial a or floating herbs, the roots perennial. Stems distally e Leaves opposite: blades entire or obscurely crenate, wit 51 lon did veins, m e with resinous dots, rounded, elasping at base. Flowers axillary to leaf-like bracts. Bractlets two, borne just beneath the calyx. Sepals 5, very dissimilar, the posterior one cor- date, the two lateral half- died the two innermost lanceolate-attenuate, much shorter than the others. Corolla blue, nearly "m regular, campanulate: lobes T shorter than the tube and all pubescent within at base, the posterior lobes somewhat united. Stamen vary surrounded by a circle of bristles. Stigmas distinct, lip-like. Cap- sule narrowly ovoid, acute, glabrous, in- cluded in the persistent ee septicidal and loculicidal. Seeds numerous, ellipsoid or oval, reticulate, wingless.—About 5 species, 1. H. caroliniana (Walt.) Small. Stem and branches 2-6 d long, distally lanose: leaf- blades 1-2.5 em. lo on ovate to rd or nearly pe E ws 3—15 mm. long, sho i r n the bracts: sepals all exceeding t inute, subulate braetlets, the MUR. edu 6-11 mm. long: corolla a mm. long: capsule RHINANTHACEAE | 1189 4-5 mm. long: seeds grayish- -brown. | Herpestis amplexicaulis Pursh Septilia Ed ad (Walt.) sear Oe oro and ditches in pineland, Coastal Plain, S Fla. to E Tex. and Va.—Spr.-fall, or all year S. 7. BRAMIA Lam. Creeping, glabrous, succulent, odorless herbs, the root diia Stems distally ascending. Leaves opposite, blades entire or ob- seurel othed, obscurely glandular-punetate, narrowed to a sessile base. l ling the tube, all equally A Stigma flat, per united and semi-eapitate. Cap- GSA oid, acute, glabrous, more one iode than septicidal. Seeds numerous, cylindric or ovoid, finely-ridged, wingless.— About 5 species, tropical. 1. B. Monnieri (L.) Pennell. Stem and branches 1-6 dm. long, often forming mats: em. long, cuneat le des -1.7 ong, e to elliptic-cuneate: ped 5—25 £, usually as as or longer than the bracts epals becoming 5-7 mm. long, much exceed- ing the linear-attenuate, M ng od rolla 8—10 m pinkish-white: capsule 4—5 n long: se © grayish brown. [Herp edid (L.) H.B.K. Monniera yea LSB ritt e ers ponds, most IDA within reach os tides, near the coast, Tex, p Va.— (W. I., 16 ulus Be. AsO, W.)— Spr. “fall, or all year 8. MECARDONIA R. & P. Erect or diffuse, much-branched, glabrous herbs, the roots perennial, the plant poten in drying. Stems angled. Leaves ds blades toothed, glandular-punetate, narrowed to a sessile base Flowers axillary to leaf-like s. Braetlets two, at the base of the slender p eh shorter than the bracts. Sepals 5, unequal; the outer mu vider than the inner. Corolla personate lobes horter than the tu he posterior more or less united and pubescent t Stigmas lip-like wi base. Capsule cylindric or ovoid, acute, glabrous, BN) the valves only slightly loculicidal at apex. Seeds numerous, ee reticulate, wingless.—About 20 species, of tropical and temperate Amer Corolla white, the posterior lobes united half to two- or their length: sepals unequal, the outer lanceolate, rarely more than tw the width of the inner: plant erect or dit use, 1. M. acuminata. Corolla yellow, the .posterior lobes united nearly to apex: sepals nearly equal in length, the outer ovale more than thrice the width of the inner: plant procumbent or ascendin Outer sepals narrowly ovate to ovate, narrowed ies slightly rounded at base: pedicels 2-4 times the length of the braets. 2. M. tenuis. Outer sepals ovate to widely ovate, broadly rounded or cor- and a the base: pedicels 1-2 times the length ol the bracts. 9. M. procumbens. M. acuminata (Walt.) Small. Plant erect or nearly so, 1-6 dm. tall: (lower, diffuse, with leaf-blades 1.3-2 cm. long, outer sepals 5-6 mm. long, and 1190 RHINANTHACEAE eorolla usually 7-8 mm. long, i nata peninsularis of S Fla.; F o j em. long A and pedicels only 8-12 mm. long, in M. acu- minata microphylla of longleaf pinelands Fi N Fla. to Tex. and S Ga.) leaf-blades 3-5 cm. aa spatulate- elliptic or ad elliptic, serrate-dentate: pedicels 12-3 long, usually e paa bracts: ane 6.8 mm. long: a about 10 mm. long, Ed with Mr E veins on the le Re posterior side: capsule 5-6 mm. long: seeds }- e oe | Herpestis nigrescens Bonth.]— E I we loam, es in partial shade, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ky., and Md.—Spr.-fall. . tenuis Small. Plant 0.5-4 dm. long, pc em Or prostrate: leaf-blades 1-2 em. long, oval, serrate: pedicels 15-35 ong, sepals 5-6 mm. long: corolla 7—8 mm. tee deep le lemon-yellow, with ie tadial dark veins on the posterior side: capsule 5-6 mm. long.—Light loam or humus over limestone, hammocks and thickets, Everglade Keys, Fla., and lower Florida IXeys.— (W. I.).—A year, but mostly in spr. M. procumbens (Mill) Small. Plant 0.5-4 dm. long, edo. in some- val what ascending: leaf-blades 1-2 em. long, o or ovate, serra pedicels 7—25 . long, sepals 6-9 mm. long: corolla : mm. long, lemon- ee a longi- HEAT dark veins on the ae side: capsule 4-6 mm. long.—Moist loam or , 8S. A.) sand, um and edges of hammocks, S Florida.—(7V. L., Me ex. —All ye 9. GRATIOLA L. Erect or nd branching herbs, the roots peren- nialor annual. Leaves opposite: blades toothed to rarcly entire, more or less glandular-punctate, sessile, or on young ns petioled. Flowers axillary to leaf-like bracts. Draetlets usually present, borne just beneath the calyx. Sepals 5, MS equ udi. Corolla yellow or white, personate: lobes shorter than the tube, the posterior united nearly or quite to apex and pubescent within at ba zo postero-lateral stamens perfect, the antero-lateral represented by rudimentary filaments or wholly lacking, the connective expande ed to a pale membrane spreading beyond the anther-sacs, which are turned transversely to axis of flower. Stigmas lip-like. Capsule ovoid-pyramidal to globose, acute or rounded, glabrous, both septicidal and loculicidal nearly or quite to base. Seeds nerous, irregularly tetrahedral, reticulate, wingless.—About 30 species, widely dist ibuted.— HEDGE-HYSSOPS. c. e Capsule 3-6 mm. long, equalling or slightly exceeding the sepals: stem-leaves nar- rowed to a sessile B scarcely clasping base: plant annual. Pedicel slender, 10-45 long: corolla ME throat on posterior side pubes cent with uo ate "airs : eapsule ovoid, alled or exceeded by the i Corolla 8-10 long ube greenish- ellow, unlined : ue blades elipti ic-lan nce olate, acute to “acuminate. 1. G. neglecta. olla (at least of earlier flow aay 18- 18 r1 long, the tube white and lined with purple: leat- blades obovate to oval, obtuse or a 9. G. floridana. Pedicel stout, 1-12 mm. long: rolla within throat on pos- terior side pubescent with üliform 2 airs: capsule globose, usually slightly exceeding the sepa 3. G. virginiana. Capsule 1-3 mm. long, much exceeded by ‘the sepals : stem-leaves clasping by a wide base: plant perennial. RHINANTHACEAE 1191 Corolla golden-yellow: capsule 3 mm. long: leaf-blades en- tire or slightly toothed. 4. G. aurea. Corolla at least n white lobes; tube delicately lined with pu rple-bro e 1-2 mm. long: leaf-blades with ee E ic Leat blades linear-lanceola te to lanceolate, coarsely - othed towards t tip: dpud linear to linear- n late: Corelle Cups dull-yellow Gu usually wider than dnas sepals 5-7 long m o subtended by one or two sepal- Tike e bra 5. Œ. brevifolia. Capsule as long as wide or longer: sepals 3-5 mm. ong, subtended Bs one small bractlet or none. 6. G. ramosa. Leaf-blades elliptic-ovate to ovate, finely serrate through- t: sepals lanceolate to elliptic- lanceolate: corolla- tube white. T. Œ. viscidula, G. neglecta Torr. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, usually much-branched, glandular- de Md especially above: deaf blades 1-6 em. long, elliptic- lanceolate, serrate- dentate, acute or aeu E. a Is 1 80 il et See > iul, err NR Y 3-6 mm. long, o" ear to linear- lanceolate: corolla 8— long; lobes white or pinkish-tinged; throat greenish- ellow: capsule 3-5 mm ; amidal- ovoid, acute: seeds yellow, with longitudinal h pronouneed than transv ticulations. [G. virginiana (Chap ayer usually in decidu- ous woodland, Piedm and more northern p Ga. to M Calif., B. Me as Me.; no rth of our area mor ine -sum., then until fall ne ee | togamously. | 2. G. floridana Nutt. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, imik or somewhat Wand id glandular-pubescent above or glabrate throughout: leaf-blades 2—4 g,li : posteriorly: capsule 3-5 m . long, ovoid, acute: seeds c pd T with longitudinal much more prone aa than transverse reticulatio ma- Me s ]—Muddy bd E wet woods, Coastal Plain and adj. prov- ; N Fla. to Ala. and Ga. 3. G. virginiana L. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, stout, often much branched, glabrous or nearly so throughout: - M one 9-5 em ‘lon ng, elliptic- lanceolate to oval, repand to dentate-serrate, acu obtuse, obscurely glandular-punctate: pe edi- cels 1-12 mm. long, sto ut, ae or glabrate: bractlets shorter or a xd longer than the ealyx: sepals 4—6 mm. lon ng, linear: corolla 9-14 mm. long, white; throat lined with purple on the upper side: capsule 4—7 mm E ng, glo- bose: seeds dy yellow, with longitudinal and transverse reticula- En — pronounced. [G. sphaerocarpa Ell.]—Wet shaded plaees, d onds, Coastal Plain from C pen. Fla. to E Tex., and N. J.; P land a the Blue Ridge and aa Valle ey, and i aA Mississippi Valley to Ia. and Ohio.—Spr., then until fall fruiting E sly. rea Pursh. Stem 1-4 dm. long, erect or weakly ascending, usually mig glandular- A lent above: leaf-blades 1-2.5 em. long, li red late to lanceolate-ovate, conspicuously glandular- -punctate, clasping at pedicels becoming 10-35 mm. long, slender, glandular-puberulent: bodie 1192 RHINANTHACEAE shorter than the calyx: sepals 4-7 mm. long, linear- lanceolate to p 15 lon B eorola 10—15 mm. long, golden-yellow, un ode capsule 3 mm strongly reticulate, brown. [G. georgiana Pen poo pine- Cre AA sional or rare, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ala. and N. C.; more abundant Med ward, to Que. and Newf.—Spr.—fall. . G. brevifolia Raf. Stem 2-4 dm. long, laxly eure simple or lit- tle branched, eee eae eee above: leaf-blades 1—2.5 long, linear- lanceolate, clasping a se: pedicels becoming 12-20 mm o slender, glandular-puberulent: bractlefs equalling th yx: S 5-7 m ong, linear: coroll long es white, the throat yellow, lined with i : ; ; lo brown; eapsule 1-2 mm. long, wider than long: seeds strongly reticulate, brown. [G. Drummondii Benth.]—Moist or Es sandy soil in pinelands, Coastal Plain from N Florida to E Texas an inland on sandstone ridges to north- western Oca and the Cumberland Phu of E Tenn i SE —fall. ramosa Walt. Rootstock Du d stem 1-3 dm. tall, AU or : 0.7 vith brown: capsule 1-2 mm. long, as long as or longer than wide: seeds finely i cues brown.—Moist or wet sandy soil in pinelands, Coastal Plain, S Fla. to La. and Md.—Spr. 7. Œ. viscidula Pennell. Rootstock short and nearly simple: stem 2-6 dm. tall, simple or bos; branehed, eed dh ulent 7 DE leaf-blades 1-2 em ovate, wi : i = glandu are ae escent: bractlets Po sale the calyx: 5—7 m. long, O Ba RE s corolla 8-11 mm. long, W hite; throat lined with urple: capsule ong, aa ose- a seeds strongly reticulate, brown. - 1G. viscosa Schwein, ee Hornem.]—Swales and ins streams, Blue Ridge and Piedmont, C Ga. to E Tenn. and N Del.—Sum 10. TRAGIOLA Small & Pennell. Erect herbs, from a short rootstock. Leaves opposite: blades serrate, glandular-punctate, the cauline rounded to a clasping base, the basal short- petioled, forming a winter-rosette. p axil- lary to bracts. Bractlets two, just beneath the calyx. Sepals 5, unequal. Corolla white, personate, nearly tubular: lobes short, the posterior d nearly Seeds numerous, irregularly tetrahedral, ob: scurely lined, wingless.—Onme species 1. T. pilosa (Miehx.) Small & lars Stem 2-6 dm. tall, ue (or "nearly quite glabrous usu h shorter cda es and bracts in T. pi iro which occurs in S i Fla.) ; ae ul em. long, o mo. Or ub aid serrate to nearly entire edicels less than 1 mm. long: sepals 5-7 mm. long, linear to linear- ae somewhat exceeded by the practlets : corolla 5-9 mm. pel the throat wi ith RHINANTHACEAE 1193 faint bluish-purple lines: capsule long: seeds yellowish. [Gratio pilosa Michx. Sophronanthe B ms Small ]|—Pinelands, Coastal Plain C pen. Fla. to E Tex. and N. d through northern Ala. and northern Ga., reaching the mountain- tame of T Tenn. and W N. C.—Sum.—fal 11. SOPHRONANTHE Benth. Erect much branched herbs, with peren- nial roots, the plant covered nearly throughout with stiff white bristle-like hairs. Leaves opposite; blades entire, strongly revolute, pide VPE -punetate, sessile. Flowers sessile, axillary to leaf-like brae r : very unequal, the outer three longer than the as Eun Com A salver- form, slightly personate: tube very narrow, short-pubescent within on all sides; lobes shorter than the tube, the posterior united to apex. Two postero- hut stamens polleniferous, the antero-laterals represented rudimentary filaments or lacking. Con- nective not dilated. Stigmas lip-like. Cap- sule narrowly pyramidal, acuminate, deeply- suleate, glabrous, dedic idal. Seeds numer- ous, nearly rectagonal, finely lined, wingless. —One species. 1. S. hispida Benth. Stem 0.5-2 dm. tall, hispid: leaf-blades 0.8—1.5 em. long, firm, j an in- rustati bove, D Eod ib be- th: sepals 3-6 mm. long, linear RE linear- br = exceeded by the actlets: corolla 10-13 mm nis sule 4—5 mm. long: seeds nearly black. Horis sutulata Baldw. ]—Dry Md. CAEN Plain, S Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—Spr.—fall. 12. AMPHIANTHUS Torr. Delicate e annual herb, from a caudex . sending i several lax stems each buoyed the surface of the water by he pair of leaves that aet as floats. T opposite; blades obseurely ade -punctate, dimorphic; the basal immersed ones la ys acute, widely sessile; the distal floating ones oval, rounded at apex, narrowed to a semi- petiolar base. Flowers axillary to both types of leaves, although from the two floating leaves there is usually only one, di e terminal, the basal flowers and eleistogamie. Bractlets none Be epals 5, slightly united, somewhat nequal. orolla of e or whitish, campanulate, Pos dinde lobes shorter than the tube: while not s the corollas of the basal flowers pr sbably a not open. Stamens 2. Stigmas plate-like. Capsule wider than long, flattened contrary to septum, of two rounded cavities, loculi- eidal to base, even splitting the septum. Seeds numerous, M retieulate, wing- less.—One species silius Torr. Stem filiform, 0.1-0.5 dm. p branched only E base: leaf-blades about 0.5 em. long: pedicels 0.5-2 mm. long, 1194 RHINANTHACEAE shorter than the bracts: d ER 1 mm. long: corolla (of emersed flowers) 6-8 mm long: capsule 2 mm. long, 3 m vide: seeds 1-1.2 mm. lo ng, those of the basal pee smaller. —Aqu uatic in si low depressions in Sd rocks, Piedmont, Ga. —Spr.—Th ds of this plant apparently lie dormant during dry seasons, and meee in years of heavy winter precipitation. It is accordingly to be found only at long or irregular intervals. 13. ILYSANTHES Raf. Erect, diffuse or creeping herbs, usually much- branched, with biennial or annual roots. Leaves opposite: blades toothed to entire, glandular-punctate, sessile or somewhat petioled. Flowers axillary to leaf-like bracts. Bractlets none. Sepals 5, distinct or united, linear, slightly unequal in length. Corolla blue-violet or paler, zygomorphic: lobes shorter than the tube, the two posterior arched and united over half their length, the three anterior projecting and with two conspicuous yellow pubescent ridges formed by the adnate proximal portions of the anterior filaments. Filaments four, didynamous, the two posterior shorter, anther-bearing; the two anterior pro- jecting distally as two short yellow pubescent processes, at or near the apex of which a reflexed glabrous upeurving prolongation may be evident. Stigmas plate-like. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid to ovoid, somewhat oblique by the greater development of the anterior carpel and with the callose white style- base attached posteriorly; glabrous, septicidal throughout. Seeds numerous, yellowish, nearly ellipsoid, prismatic- angled or winged, with fine transverse lines. —About 70 species, widely distributed, especially in warm regions.—FaALSE- PIMPERNELS. Stem prostrate and extensively creeping: leaf- blades orbicular to eed OO rounded at base, all closely sessile: seeds winged. I. BAZ Stem erect or ascending: leaf-blades more or less elongate, at east the lowermost narrowed at e base: seeds not winged. II. EUILXSANTHES. I. BAZINA Matted plant, a a when in flower by the numerous mottled corollas 1. I. grandiflora. IJUILYSANTHES Seeds a ae than wide, truncate: basal leaves small or lack- d ng E form a rosette: stem and rcm sli Entis 7 m Seeds pale-y ripe iode twice or thrice as long aS wide: leaf- blades 1-3 em. long, the lower obviously narrowed at base: s shor ter or longer than the bracts: later flowers cleistog: us. 2. I. dubia. Seeds Bn bp mostly less ren twice as long as Du leaf- es 0.5—1.5 em. long, nearly all widest pe base and tou dd iae ing: edicels much exceeding the Dic a throughout the season all open 3. I. inaequalis. Seeds as wide long, apiculate: basal leaves usually larger, present mo of the season and forming a winter-rosette: stem and pedicels prominently ridge-angled. Stem 0.3-1 dm. tall, uniformly leafy, the cauline leaves being little smaller than the basal: pedicels 7-15 mm. long: cap- sule 1-2 mm. long. 4. I. saxicola. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, nearly bare above, the upper leaves ee reduced to subulate bracts: pedicels 15-50 mm. long: cap- sule 3-5 mm, long. 5. I. monticola. I. grandiflora (Nutt.) Benth. Stems 0.2—4 dm. long, much-branched, ex- tensively creeping: leaf-blades 0.5-1 em. long, orbieular or ovate- orbieular, RHINANTHACEAE 1195 crenate-serrate to entire, finely glandular- e pedieels 15-40 mm. long, erect, mm. long, ure glabrate: eorolla 8-10 mm. long, violet-blue, wit paler, the posterior e Ta ud and with violet-blue media lobes white, but with m SIS E MS near the bases of the lobes: capsule 4—6 mm. long: seeds brownish-yellow, pud le scarcely DRE than wide, slightly curved, with 5 to 7 thin iu e [Bazina idt Ra st s j Fla. to S Ga.—Spr E or all year 2. I. dubia (L.) Barnhart. Stems 0.5-2.5 dm. tall, often much branched and diffusely spreading: leaf-blades dentate, serrate, or Ac entire: those of the lower leaves obovate or elliptie edidi ed at bas 1-3 em. long; the upper smaller and eA ovate, with rounded (s Dx pedieels 3-20 mm. long: pals se ong, usually finely pubescent: d 7-10 mm. long, pale- l pcd Pen in eolor near margin of s: capsule 3—5 mm. long: seeds nearly cylindrie, ind Sdn =. 1a: gratioloides (L.) Benth. I. im (Muhl.) Small.]—Sw n. d stream-margins, e loam, open or shaded, various provinees, N Fla. o Tex., Nebr., Wis., and N. —Sum.; i in fall fruit- ue p n usly. : 3. alis (Walt.) Pennell. E E dm. tall much-branched and di gu gos spreading: leaf-blades 0.5-1.5 e Ing; remotely toothed or usually d mo vate and rounded- oum only t he lowermost nu. nar- rowed at ed m pedicel; 10-20 mm. long: sepals 2-3 mm. long, glabrate or glabrous: corolla 6-8 mm. long, white or faintly tinged with lavender: capsule m. long: "ed eylindric-angled, brownish-yellow. [I. gratioloides (Fl. sandy p y open, Coastal Plain and more northern —Sum.-fall. Ll TP SÉ ia B5 [em e e [e] eC e un ge a — m SE provinces, Fla. to Tex., N. Dak. ola (Curtis) PRA s 0.3-1 dm. tall, oe tufted, sim- nar- Sie% or putes branched: blades of the cauline leave s 0.3-0.7 mm. long, n rowly elliptie or somewhat epu entire, obviously glandular-dotted, nar- rowed at base: pedicels 7-15 mm. long, obseurely ERE E puberulent: sepals O (— . lo 1-2 mm. long, glabrous: corolla 9-12 mm. long (not seen iE eapsule 1—2 mm. long: seeds ovoid, iE -yellow.—On rocks in rapid streams, Blue Ridge, Ga. to N. C.—Sum.-fall. 5. I. ar ee (Nut D Raf. Stems 1-3 dm. pur rising from out a rosett of leaves that persists p of the year, simple or laxly branched: basal ae blades elliptic-oval to oval, undulate-de ntate to entire, obviously glandular- punctate, 15-23 mm. ice narrowed to short petiolar bases; bla ides of the ap sub j "-pul lent to glabrous: sepals 1.5-3 long, dud corolla 9-11 mm. long, violet-purple, within paler, d and blotched: capsule 3-5 long: seeds globose-ovoid, brownish-y ellow. [J. refracta (Ell.) Ra a — Moist sandy open soil various provinces, N Fla. to Ala., and N. C.—Spr.-fal 4. GLOBIFERA J. F. Gmel. Creeping glabrous annual herbs, exten- s branching and forming soft mats. Leaves I prades BN ob- curely or not glandular-punctate, sessile or nearly s s axilary to pe like bracts. Braetlets none. Sepals 4, slightly men iste ner 1196 RHINANTHACEAE Corolla white, glabrous, rotate, lobes longer than the tube, the 2 posterior united to apex, so appearing as one lobe which is smaller than the other 3. seareely projecting bases. Stigmas lip-like, borne on the distinet VP tips. Capsule globose, glabrous, at maturity one-celled, rupturing a by the break-down of Seeds the thin wall numerous, yellowish, cylindric, prismatic angled, with fine trans- verse lines.—Two or 3 species, American. 1. G. umbrosa UE. J. F. Gmel. Ste 0.5-3 dm. long, slender: leaf-blades 0.3- 11 cm. long, n cuneately narrowed at dde pedieels 0.5-1 mm. long: sepals 1.5 . long: corolla 1.5 mm long: capsule 1 mm. long. Ma orbicu- latum Michx. n inco M. often in n shallow pools, Coastal Plain, C pen. N. , S. A.) —Spr.-fall.—The suborbieular leaf-blades Fla. to Tex are usually s less in X em. ». long. 15. HEMIANTHUS Nutt. Creeping glabrous annual herbs, extensively branching and forming small mats. Leaves oppo or in threes: blades en- tire, not glandular-punctate, sessile. Flowers ke to leaf-like bracts. Bractlets none. Sepals 4, united at least half their length, but on the anterior side distinct E to bos Corolla 1-lipped, open nearly to base on the posterior side (the posterior lobes ME laeking), the lip deflexed- pna s ing, 3-lobed, pubescent with short yellow hairs on the two ridges the sinuses. Filaments two (only the antero-lateral present), Md distally as two yellow- pubescent processes just below the bases of which upeurve the e Un = i) t4 Lar b 1i. 13. . A. maritima. . A. pulchella. . A. filifolia. A. lara. A. setacea. . A. stenophylla, A. Plukenetii. . A. keyensis. . A. oligophylla. . Å. aphylla. 17. A. decemloba. 18. A. tenella. . A. erecta. 1218 RHINANTHACEAE Racemes scarcely developed, many d appearing as if termi- nal to the branches: stigma 2—3 mm. long: leaf-blades nar- rowly linear: ccm d early terete. 20. A. Gattingeri. III. TENUIFOLIAE Corolla pubescent externally; its pos sterior lobes eer two-thirds the length of the anterior, concave- -arched: pedicels, if ex- ceeding the bracts, less than twice their leng 21. A. tenuifolia. Corolla glabrous externally, its posterior lobes less than half the length of the anterior, flatten ed: pedicels at least thrice the length of the bracts. Ls Ss ° aliform, 1.5-2 em. long: stem evenly and stiffly nched: racemes well "deve loped, El ‘flowers a. a y if terminal: pedicels 15-32 mm. long: corolla 15-18 mm. long. 22. A. divaricata. Leaf-blades minute, triangular- -subulate, 0. TURA : em. long: stem sparingly very laxly branched : es scarcely developed, the flowers scattered and gud appearing as E E rwn 1 to De branches: pedicels 5-10 mm. long: lla 10-13 mm. long. 23. A. filicaulis. IV. LINIFOLIAE Plant with a virgate, little branehed stem, corollas 30-40 mm. long. 24, A. linifolia. A. purpurea (L.) Pennell. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, striate-angled, ded scabrellou o branched: leaf-blades 2.5—4 cm. long, linear, seabrous above racemes d 6—14-flowered: pedicels 2-5 lon eee es Ee psi -lanceolate m. lon uch shorter and Mass 2. A. gata Raf. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, striate- raced, glabrous, eins branched: leaf-blades 1.5-4 em. long, n y B linear ] us abov mes to ost filiform, scabrous ab elongate, 8—26-flowered edieels 2— P long: ealyx-lobes triangular-subulate to sub ; 9:5 2 mm. long: corolla 20-25 mm. long, purple; lobes E the pos meme "pubescent at the base: Pos sule 4.5-5 mm. long, globose.—Moist pinebarrens, Coastal Plain, ©. C. SE N. Y.—Fall. 3. A. pinetorum Pennell. Stem 6- 8 dm. tall, slightly poses anna eds much branched: leaf-blades 22.5 em. long, rrowly 1 (a slender plant, A. pinetorum delicatula, with filiform curled leaf-blades, t es 5-2 d unspot orolla, occu the pinehills of a e- what scabrous above: racemes slightly elongate, 8—14-flowered: p ls 1-3 mm long: calyx-lobes triangu r-subulate, 1-1 ng, shorter than the ins ong: ca. lon h : corolla 20-25 mm. long, purple; lobes spreading, t the posterior ones pubescent mm. long, globose.—Moist pinelands, Coastal Plain, l N Fla. to La. and Ga.— 4. A. Harperi Pennell. Stem 4-8 dm. tall, striate- angled, Aun ud us simple or slightly branched: leaf-blades m 3.5 em. E narrowly ! sca- brous above: racemes elongate, 8—20-flow red: pem s 1-2 mm. TN pres lobes a cus to triangular- idt. OT 1.5 mm. long, shorter than t bud corolla E mm. uc pink; lobes To the ien lobes pubescent at the base: capsule 4—5 e long, gio a —Moist pinelands and marsh-borders, Consul Plain, 3i Fla. to Ga—(W. I.)—Fall or all year S. RHINANTHACEAE 1219 5. A. pied (Ell.) Raf. Stem 6-12 dm. m striate- era p anl scabrous, ranched: leaf-blades 1.5-4 em. loi ng, linear, seabrous abov (or wi ith the ie only slightly Or moderately developed on a arene ee with mer dei seabrellous stems in 4. fas ata par of the Everglades, c mes elongate, 12-30 Bd LE en els e . long: ealyx x-lobes mr E to subulate, 0.5—2 m ong, m Wwe rter than the tube corolla mostly 25— z mm. long; bos Pe ue p lobes Sese. e base: capsule 5-6 n long, ovoid-globose.—Sandy soil, near d and 3 in cult. fields ond ants Coa ua Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.; also adj. provinces, Okla. to Mo.— (W. I.)—Sum. -fall, or all us S. 6. A. georgiana (Boynton) Pennell. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, Las -angled, nearly or quite glabrous, simple or branched: leaf-blades 1-1.5 em. long, linear, some- what seabrous above: 1 racemes elongate, a - flowered : pedice els 1-4 mm. long: calyx-lobes Rinne jean eg eolate, 0.5-1 m ong: corolla 15-18 mm. (id lobes spreading, the posterior arenas at m bue capsule 3.5-5 mm. long, ovoid- globose.—Dry ij. Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—Fall. A. maritima Raf. Stem 0. E dm. tall, inl terete, glabrous, e bushy- ie leaf- ndn 1. - em. long, bro adl y linear, somewhat seabrous above: racemes e —10-flov ered: Ee eee 2-10 mm. long: ealyx- lobes triangular, 0.5-1.5 long, presto a than the tube: corolla 12-17 mm. long, pink purple; des spreading, somewhat pubescent below and adjacent to the posterior si sule 5-6 mm. long, globose to globose-ovoid. [G. maritima Raf f.]— Saltmarshes, Va. to Me.—The species is represented in our range by A. mari- tima grandiflora (Benth.) Pennell (G. spicifora Eugelm.), larger plant. up 2 6 dm. tall, with leaves 2-4 em. long and corolla 15-20 mm. long, ranging i salt marshes from S Fla. to Tex. and N. C(I W. I., Mex 8. A. pulchella Pennell. Stem 6-10 dm. tall, pod ed patie mu li branched: leaf-blades 2-3 em. long, ese ine ery seabro abo ove racemes slightly elongate, 4— "d flowered : Pus s 15- 30 m d iene 2 eun n fruit: ealyx-lobes subulat , 0.1-0.5 m d eorolla 25— 30 mm. long; lobes D. SEDES 5-6 mm. ae Med —Pinelands, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to La. and Ga.—Fall. filifolia (Nutt.) es Stem 3-8 dm. tall terete, glabrous, much branched: leaf-blades 1-2 long, narrowly linear to filiform, slightly sea- a bove: racemes slightly elongate, 3—12-flowered: pedicels 10-30 mm. long in n fruit near > twice this length: calyx-lobes dus stbalte, 0 o—-l1 mm. long: corolla 22—28 m ong, purple; lobes spreading: capsu mm. long, ovoid- EISE [G. filifolia Nutt. ]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, S Fla. to Ga.—Fall. 10. A. laxa Pennell. Stem ae a Ko ed terete, glabrous, widely and n branehed: leaf-blades 2-3 em. long, n wly lin near to neat diy early or quite Bos above e: racemes slightly elongate 3—8-flowered pedicels A . long, in fruit -~ pes. as long: calyx- lobes Sue om es Foe 15- -18 m ong; lobes spre i capsule 4—5 a pu ovoid: ‘globose. —River handhills and old dunes, Coastal Plain, C Fla. S. C.—Fal A. setacea (Walt.) Raf. Stem 3-7 dm. Par somewhat striate-angled, gl abrous, e branched: leaf- boe .0—9.0 m m. long, narrowly linear to fili- form, seabrellous to nearly glabrous above: racemes slightly elongate, 6—10- i e dios els 15—40 mm. ae calyx-lobes E 0.2-0.5 mm. long: corolla mostly 18-25 mm. long; lobes spreading: ule 3-4 mm. long, E s [G. Holmiana CO m —Dry pi xc ‘Coastal Plain rely adj. provinces, Ga. to SE N. Y.—Sum fa 1l. 1220 RHINANTHACEAE 12. A. stenophylla Pennell. Stem 6-7 dm. tall, slightly striate-angled, gla- brous, much-bran ies EA blades 2-3 cm. long, s -setaceous, nearly or quite glabrous: rae scarcely elongate, 1-6-flowered: pedicels 8-12 mm long or in fruit n eds c. i eue _calyaiobes porate -subulate, 0.1— 0.3 mm. long: € corolla 17—20 m ong, not seen fresh; lobes spreading; cap- sule 3—4 mm. long, globose- 08d Er UM C Fla.—Fall. 13. A. Plukenetii (Ell) Raf. Stem 5-8 dm. hr id Bit vd or lon nearly so, much-branched: leaf-blades 2-3.5 c ng, ous-filiform brellous above: racemes scarcely developed 1-6 flowered: edicels mostly 510 long: ealyx-lobes triangular-subulate to subulate, 0.3—0 l corolla mostly 25-30 mm. long, parpi e; lobes spreading: caps ule 4—5 mm. long, go bose. [G. Plukenetit EM.]—Dry wo Coastal oo N Fla. to E Miss and Ga.; also adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala. and SE Ten — Fall. 14. A. keyensis Pennell. Stem at least 7 dm. tall, slightly ped rue. 0. glabrous or nearly so, much ong leaf-blades (lowest not seen) 0.8-1 em. long, filiform, seabrous above mes searcely developed, only 1-4 ered: pedieels in flower 3—4 mm H n fr lo can caos : gre i uit 4-6 mm. triangular-subulate, 0.4-0:6 mm. long: corolla 18-20 mm. long, not seen fresh 3 lobes eading: capsule 3-3.5 mm. long, globose.—Pinelands, Big Pin Key, Fla 15. A. oligophylla Pennell. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, striate-angled, e simple or branched: leaf-blades 0.5-1 cm. long, linear-filiform to subul yas above: ded s scarcely developed: peel in flower 5-15 mm. s (2-8 mm. long and e lobes very eallose, 0.2 mm. long, in 4. oligophylla pseudaphylla of long- a unir of S Miss.), in E os seen: ealyx-lobes angular-subulate, 0.4—0.6 mm. long; corolla 15-22 . long; lobes spread- = ape not seen. [G. microphylla (A. Gray) Small, not A. du cS Raf.]—Long-leaf pineland, Coastal Plain, S La. to E Tex —Doubtfully E of the Mississippi River, except in above subspecies. 16. A. aphylla (Nutt.) Raf. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, striate-ridged e minutely hispidulous, or sometimes terete and hirsute at the base, simple r branched: icd appressed, 0.1-0.3 (-0.6) mm. long, triangular- re "glabrous above; those near the base with oval more a bangs he blades cem Pune: ed 8-20-flowered: pedicels 1- 3m ong: calyx- zones E tips 0.05-0.2 mm. long; eorolla 15-20 mm. ac pink; n spreading, the posterior ones puce at the s capsule ae . long, globose.—Moist e" Coastal Plain, N Fla. to La. and N. C.—Fall. A. decemloba (Greene) Pennell. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, striate- dune ga i simple or d branched: leaf-blades mostly '2-9.5 e ong, fil form-linear, seabrous above: racemes ers elongate, Wu etes El: eels in flower 5-15 mm ica ng, in fruit 12-25 mm. long: calyx-lobes minute, 0.05-0.2 (—0.3) mm . long: -o 10- 15 mm. dedo pink; lobes spreading, the posterior pubescent at the base: capsule 3.5—4 mm. long, giobose-ovoid. [G. decemloba ea ei et ule soil, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and ea Valley, Ala. to Pa.— 18. A. tenella Soe ll. Stem 5-8 dm. tall, striate-angled, glabrous, branched: minute, 0.05-0.2 mm. long; corolla 15-20 m fo lone pink; lobes iique d the posterior ones pubescent at the i capsule 3—4 mm. lon n E” obose-ovoid.— "a pinelands, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to E Ala. and S. C.— A. erecta (Walt.) Pennell. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, striate-angled, nearly gla- a simple or branched: leaf-blades mostly 1-1. 5 em. lon ng, linear-euneate, OC MEER CP TOI -—-——uex cV" RHINANTHACEAE 1221 uu above: racemes slightly elongate, 6— I lowered: pedicels 3-25 mm. long: calyx-lobes minute, a Dae , 0.05-0.15 mm. long: corolla 12-16 mm. long; o spreading, the posterior nes pubescent at the ie capsule 3-4 mm. ong, globose-ovoid to globose- elli ipe Le. C (Benth.) Chapm.]— Pus Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Del eri Small. Stem ts dm. Er nearly terete, nearly glabrous, much- bunt leaf- E 2-3 em. lon ng, narrowly linear, seabr ea above: - i fruit 8-30 mm. long; calyx eb triangular Lac s0; ps L T m, Tong much wa ea i the o dea 12—1 long, nu lobes sprea ading, the posterior ones pubescent at the base: ca ae a 4—5 mm. long, globose to pion. ovoid. [G. Gat B Small]—Open woods, in sterile soil, barrens, and er Appalachian b a ey and more N and W provinees, Ala. to Tex., Minn., and Ont.—Sum.—fal 21. A. tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. Stem 1-8 dm. tall, striate-angled, nearly gla- brous, much branched: leaf-blades 2—5 cm. long, narro vly linear (linear-filiform t filiform and coro 9 mm. long, in A. tenuifolia polyphylla of the granite regions of Ga.; widely linear and 3-7 long, calyx-lobes ong, a capsules 5-7 , in A. tenuifolia macrophylla of the Miss Valley), abrous a acemes much elongate, 4-flowered: p in flower 7-20 m ong, in fruit 12-27 long: ealyx-lobes triangular-subulate to subulate, 0.2—1 ong: e 10-15 mm. long (15-23 ong and caps long, in A. tenuifolia leucanthera of the Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Tex. and G ); he purple, the B lobes concave-arched, glabrous: capsule 3-4 (—7) mm. long, globose. [G. t oid Br T various provinees, Ga. to La., Mo., Mich., and Me. 22. A. divaricata (Chapm.) Pennell. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, striate-angled, gla- brous, much-branched: leaf-blades 1.5-2 em. long, filiform ; di abrellous abo racemes M LAT 6—12-flowered: S odieel s 15-32 mm. long: calyx-lobes subulate, 0.1—0.3 ong, much Bm rter than the tube: corolla 15- is mm. long, the posterior lobes Qu -projecting op Seti at the base: capsule 3-4 m long, globose to ovoid- EAE not seen mature. [G. divaricata Chapm. ip. — NW Fla. and SE Ala —Fall. A. filicaulis (Benth.) Pennell. Stem 1-5 dm. pen e n striate, gla- Pu with a few lax branches: b blades 0.1-0.2 em. long, triangular-subu- ab late, appressed, raum OV emes not develoged. the oo nearly always solitary: pedicels in ee 5-8 mm. long, in fruit 6— long: calyx-lobes triangular-subulate, 0.1-0.3 mm. long: corolla 10—13 a . dong the p lobes flattened-projecting and bor at the base: capsule about 3 long, globose. [G. filicaulis prd —Moist grassy Duende Coastal Plain, N Fla. to E La. and Ga.—Fal 24. A. linifolia (Nutt.) I. Stem 8—15 dm. tall, fae glabrous, simple or virgately branched: leaf-blades 3—5 em long, linear, glabrous: racemes elongate, 8—20- a ered: pedicels 5-25 mm. lon ng: calyx- Toe minute, subulate: eorolla 30—40 m Enid lobes spreading, lanose on the basal ap of t posterior: eapsu e 6-7 mm. long, dd: to globose-ovoid. ES inifolia Nutt —Wet pin a. " Coastal Plain, S Fla. to La. and Del.—Sum.— 34. TOMANTHERA Raf. Annual root- e herbs, the stems E. or branched, pubescent. Leaves opposite, cauline: blades entire, lobed at the ase, or pinnately parted, MCN Flowers in spies with foliaceous CR Calyx-lobes 5, unequal, longer than the tube. Corolla purple: throat campanu- late, somewhat inflated anteriorly: lobes much shorter than the tube, the 2 1222 | RHINANTHACEAE posterior arehed, the 3 anierior spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous, included: anthers anose. tigma elongate. short, glabrous, loculicidal. Seeds merous, re ticulate, wingless. [Otop p Benth. |— Two species, eastern North American. 1. T. auriculata (Michx.) Raf. Stem 1.5-8 dm. Mn 4-angled, hispid: leaf-blades 2.5- 9.0 em. long, lanceolate to Cd -ovate, rough- pubescent ab ealyx-tube 5-8 mm. a ng, retrorse- pubescent lobes 9-19 mm. o lanceolate; corolla 20-23 mm. ong, long, Nn ls e: escent ; the throat spot- ted with deep-pu pud anterio rly: eapsule aus ovoid, 10-13 mm. long, mucronate. [O. Michauzii Benth. O. auricu- js | tie) Eu d and old fields, various provinces; introduced, o Tenn. and Pa.; native from Ill. to Tex., Kans., and Mi nn.—Sum 35. vire pea: L. Perennial mostly pubescent herbs with short root- stocks, the imple. Leaves opposite, the lower sessile or nearly s , the € bees red all rough-pubescent. Flowers in a slender s spike, each axillary to a braet and with 2 narrower bractlets. Calyx-lobes 5, short. Corolla violet or white, salverform: tube very slender, pubescent: lobes nearly uniform. Stamens 4, ee d, one ein anthers l-eelled. Stigma linear-eylindrie. Capsule ovoid, included, loculicidal. Seeds numerous, reticulate, wingless.—A bout m species, in warm regions.—BLUEHEARTS Leaf-blades obscurely, if at all, 3-veined, repand-dentate or entire: capsule usually about 5 mm. long: stem finely rough- D or nearly glabrous. Corolla-tube uri twice as long as the calyx: calyx-l obes triangular-acute, the anterior sinus only slightly " deeper than the "inim bracts 1.5-3 mm. long. Blades of the lower leaves lanceola te to linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate ; corolla-lobes ante ally 6-9 m ng. ongata. BO f t ower a m elliptic- -anceolate, obtuse: a-lobes fo -5 mm. long. 2 . B. floridana. Corolla- tube Jittle longer than the calyx: calyx-lobes lanceo- uminate, the cea eae sinus much deeper than the bracts 3-4 m Leaf- de dan A ned. "gate: toothed or lacerate: capsule usually 6-7 mm. long: stem hirsute 3. B. breviflora. 4. B. americana. . B. elongata Sw. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, sparsely pilose or glabrate: leaf- do ong: blades rough- eee the larger ae te to linear-lanceolate, 3-8 cm. bracts 1.5-3 mm. long, spreading or asce i i dA eorolla violet or white; tube . long; lobes . long, epe m dM snare: ca a 5 mm. long.— Prairies and i S Fla.—[W. I.|— 2. B. floridana Gandoger. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, slightly pilose, or glabrate above: leaf-blades rough- pubeseent, the larger P ed lanceolate, 2.5—5.5 em. long: bracts m. long, spr reading: ealyx-lobes tri- Seiler: -acute, 0.5-1 mm. long, the anterior RHINANTHACEAE 1223 sinus the deeper: corolla violet or white; tube 7-8 mm. long; s 3-5 m long, pied -obovate: capsule ae 5 mm. long.—Pinelands, pore Plain, pen. Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—Spr.-fal 3. B. breviflora Pennell. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, pilose below: leaf-blades rough- ccs nt, the larger lanceolate E elliptie, 4 4-8 em. long: braets 3—4 mm. long, ascen ding- AE dE ealyx-lobes lanceolate- -acuminate, 1-2 mm. long: corolla violet; tube 6-7 mm. long, Mn ege pilose at the mouth; lobes 2-4 mm. long, liio icd ee vate, rounded slightly emarginate: capsu ule not seen — Prairies and End. Coastal Plain, C pen. Fla. to Tex. and S. C.— B 4. B. americana L. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, most copiously hirsute below: leaf- blades usd the larger ovate- lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 3-7 em. long: bracts 2-4 mm. long, ascending or spreading: calyx-lobes acuminate-cuspidate, mostly 1-1.5 mm. long: corolla violet; tube 9-11 m peas strongly pilose at the mouth; che 5-8 mm. long, qu eolate, EF emarginate: capsule usvall y 6— 7m m. long: seeds about 0.5 mm. lon — Sandy or sterile open soil, often in meadows, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Ill, Ont., and Pa.—Spr.-early s 36. SCHWALBEA L. Perennial pubescent herbs, the stem simple. Leaves alternate, all cauline: blades entire, rather broad, 3-veined, sessile. Flowers in a raceme, each pedicel subtended by 2 bractlets, b Short stalks axillary to bracts which are shorter than the calyx. Calyx-lobes 5, paces the posterior one short, narrow, the anterior pair well united, bro rolla 2-lipped: posterior lip nearly entire: anterior lip 3-lobed, the m n 2 slightly pubescent ridges cluded, didynamous: E p Sarr <= aT ea darils slightly loculicidal. ee flat, winged——Two species, eastern Nor American, 1. S. australis Pennell. Rn ud ee tall, finely pubescent with ascending hairs: leaf- blades 3-4 em. lon ng, elliptic-oval, “obscurely reticulate, IN dc. 3-5 lon ng: b ae ets 5-8 mm. long: caly lobes aeute minate ; postero one 7-10 m long; MU e lip 20-22 m m. long: corolla Aout 90 mm. long, m and distally purplish: S eed -ovoid or ellipsoid, 10—12 mm. long: seeds 2.5 mm. long, slightly curved.— (CHAFF-SEED. )—San ndy oak woods and pinelands, ‘Coastal Plain, Fla. to P and S. C.; p adj. provinces, Ala. to E Tenn.—Spr.— CASTILLEJA Mutis. Annual pubescent herbs, the stem simple or bran ched. Leaves or the basal ones forming a semi-persistent rosette: lades entire or pinnately cleft, sessile or nearly so. Flowers spicate. Bracts foliaceous, pue - broader than the leaves, red or debel towards the ends. Bra Calyx-lobes 4 (the posterior sepal ng), united sagitally PA "e zum length, those of each side ues s distally 1224 RHINANTHACEAE red or yellowish. Corolla 2-lipped, yellow- o posterior lip long and narrowly " rched: anterior lip very short, of 3 thick- a lobes. Stamens included, didynam- nt ous: anthers coherent, glabrous. de) e Capsule i the s equal, Joevlieidal. Seeds turgid, r Morus wing- less.—About 200 species, mostly American; 2 or 3 Asiatic. . C. coccinea (L.) Spreng. Stem 2-6 dm tall, Wee from a rosette of elliptie to ova ate, nearly or quite entire leaf-blades cauline leaves M blades linear- eo with 1 or 2 pairs of divaricate lobes eee overlapping, ovate, 3-lobed, seal tally ers or Eun ally yellow: calyx ea mm. long: corolla 18-25 m pu Bu ule narrowly-ovoid, 11-13 mm. long.—(PAINT un id INDIAN Ens BRUSH. )—Grassy meadows and n Ww ode Ms di inees, in Coastal Plain ens northward, Ga. to Ark., Kans., Man., and Me. 38. PEDICULARIS L. Perennial herbs, the stems often gregarious, gla- brous or pubeseent. Leaves opposite or alternate, all eauline or tufted basal shoots: blades pinnately lobed, often thickish. lowers closely spieate, lets none ] f 2-lipped, yellow or purple: posterior lip arched and decurved: anterior lip 3- lobed, oe eee. Stamens 4, included, slightly didynamous. Stigma capita apsule ensiform-lanceolate, the carpels unequal, the posterior loculi- cidal. ‘Seeds few, flat, wingless.—A bout 350 species, of the Northern Hemisphere, mainly in the Old World.—LousrEworts. FERNLEAFS. Stem hirsute: leaves alternate; blades deeply pinnatifid: calyx- ji uo acute, entire: capsule twice as long as the calyx. canadensis. Stem glabrous: leaves rude ld blades D pinn eeding the calyx. 2. P. lanceolata. 1. anadensis L. Stem 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades petioled, elliptie-oval, with bus a. lobes separated by deep Hic sinuses: flower-rachis lanate: “calyx — long, hirsute, on each ir 3 mm. long, yellow, or with T6 rolla 18— Mm lip purple, or dpi Re throughout, the anterior lip not close to the posterior ne: eapsule 13-16 mm inces, N Fla. to Tex., Man., and N. S.— 2. P. lanceolata Michx. Stem 4-8 dm. tall: leaf- blades sessile or nearly so, a lanceolate, with short erenulate lobes sepa- te y sh ch . brous or nearly so, on each side pru e. in a crenate leaf- like tip: corolla 18-283 m ACANTHACEAE 1225 long, ae the anterior lip appressed to or partly investing v posterior one: psule mm. long, ob ong.—(SWAMP- ca 10-12 ng, obliquely p seeds 2.5 mm LOUSEWORT.)— Wet meadows and swa SUP Ridge and more N provinces, N. C. to Nebr., Man., and Mass. uin “hal 39. MELAMPYRUM L. Annual herbs, the stem minutely pubescent. Leaves opposite, all cauline: blades usually entire, thin. Flowers loosely race- mose, axillary to foliaceous, entire or basally fimbriate bracts. Bractlets none Calyx-lobes 4 (the posterior sepal lacking), as long as the tube or longer, nearly equal, the aes and anterior pairs divaricate. Corolla 2-lipped, mainly white: posterior lip arched and hooded: anterior lip slightly 3-lobed with a densely puberulent palate. Stamens 4, included, didynamous: fila- ments glabrous: anthers ee pube cent, mucronate at base. tigm capitate. apsule somewhat decurved, ds unequal, the posterior cavity loculieidal Seeds 2 in each eavity, plump, smooth, wing- less.—About 50 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. 1 lineare Desr. Stem 1-4 dm. tall: ig pan linear to laneeolate-linear: 2-6 ong: braets VERI oy fimbriate: long: a -lobes ova caudate, 2-4 mm corolla 7—10 . lohg: id osterior lip yellow- ish-tipped, ciliolate; anterior lip pet 2 D palate egg-yellow: capsule onsidor rm-o 5-7 mm. long: seeds ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, mostly brown. [M. Wb - (Chapm. Fl. ) ]-— (Cow wntsaT )—Open woods, old fields, and pastures, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, N. C. to N. Y.—M. latifolium Muh md haps pg spec TETTE distinct, p larger leaf- blades varying from to linear- E shortly fimbr iate or entire bracts, a broader Mer p seeds 3-4 mm. long, ranges, in the Blue Ridge. and adj. provinees, from Ga. to Wis., Que., an nd N.S. FawiLY 15. ACANTHACEAE — ACANTHUS FAMILY rbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled: blades simple. owers perfect, irregular. Calyx of usually 5 partly united sepals. Corolla of 5 partly united petals, 2-lipped or sometimes essen- tially regular. droecium of 4 didynamous, or of 2 equal stamens, one pair being abortive or apr: Gynoecium of 2 united carpels. Ovary c mon each cavity. it a capsule, often with a stipe-like base, the valves opening elastically —About 175 genera and 2,000 species, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions. Vines: seeds globula 1. THUNBERGIA. Erect D. diffuse Herbs: seeds flat Leaves normal only at the en of the stem, those on the a reduced to firm sheathing imbricate scales and pass- i j 2. TUBIFLORA. Corolla convolute in the , bud. Corolla conspicuously PDD capsule terete, not constricted at the bas Corale bru! if at all ^5-lipped : capsule constricted nto a stipe-like base. 3. HYGROPHILA., 1226 ACANTHACEAE e „mucronate or aristulate at the base: corolla with a short tube and a campanulate throa 4. DYSCHORISTE. Anther-sacs rounded at the base: corolla with a A tube and a funnelform or campanulate 5. RUELLIA. Corolla imbricated in the bud. Reus : anthers 1-celled. 6. GERARDIA. nod $ anthers 2-celled. "Antec saes parallel, closely contiguous. Corolla strongly '2-li pped. T. DIAPEDIUM. Corolla pee 2- pee ed. 8. YEATESIA. mr -sacs separated on a dilated connective. er-saes piae similar in size and shape, "the lower sac short-stalked. 9. DIANTHERA., Anther-sacs dissimilar, more or less unequal, and the lateral one, at least, pointed at the base, sessile, 0. JUSTICIA. THUNBERGIA L. f. Climbing vines (ours). Leaf-blades more or less nsns or sagittate and toothed. Flowers on axillary rA sub- tended by a paif of foliaceous bracts. Me persistent: lobes 10-16, ow. Corolla sean with a short tube, ong throat, and a limb d 5 broad lobes. s 4, didynamous. NM subtended by the persistent bracts, with a pron body and a flat beak.—About 40 species, in the Old World tropies s.-Sum, or all year S. Petioles wing-mar £ined: corolla yellow or ochroleucous, with a purple eye: ous eak ape longer than the body. 1. T.alat Petioles not ng-margined: corolla white: capsule-beak much longer than the body. 2. T. fragrans. 1. T. alata Bojer. Leaf-blades a -ovate to hastate, 3-11 cm. long, undulate or sinuate-toothed, cordate a e base: calyx-lobes subulate, mostly 10-12, se i than the tube e: coro mi 2.5-3. oe wide, the ae rounded o dulate: emi beak somewhat longer "than the re iameter of the body.—(BLACK-EYED SUSAN.)—Prairies, roadsides, and waste- e. Fla. Nat. of Afri 2. T. fragrans Roxb. Leaf-blades rd late to d piece toothed near the bas and more o 11 em. lo truncate to cordate at the base: calyx-lobes e, 12-16, un about half a ody. ) Fen Eur rows, d. waste- -places, and prece Fla. Nat. of Asia. 2. TUBIFLORA J. F. Gmel Rigid herbs with several basal leaves and flower stems with many rigid sheathing seales. Flowers in terminal spikes, subtended i braetlets somewhat shorter than the calyx. Calyx-lobes glumace- ous, 4 or 5, the lateral ones the narrower. Corolla white or Bas slightly 2- lipped. [Elytraria Vahl.]—About 10 species, Americ Basal leaves more or less spreading: blades narrow and elongate. 1. T. angustifolia. Basal leaves erect; blades broad and relatively short. 2. T. carolinensis. ACANTHACEAE 1227 1. T. angustifolia (Fernald) Small. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: basal leaves 4—30 em. long; blades d elongate linear- aie or r narrowly oblanceolate: bracts ciliate: bractlets very narrow: calyx- lobes 6-7.5 mm. ln short-ciliate at the tip: corolla-lobes much sho rter than the body 4-5 mm. long. Everglades, S Fla. Spr.—fall. . T. carolinensis (Walt) J. F. Stem 2-5 dm. tall: basal leaves 5-20 cm. long; blades "elliptic to spatulate: bracts ciliate: braetlets rather broad: calyx-lobes 8-9.5 mm. e long-ciliate at the tip: eorolla-lobes nearly as long as the tube: cap- dedi s exserted at isi tip, the om 5-7 —Low ong. E. grounds, em eons oo Plain, Fla. to S. C.— 3. HYGROPHILA R. Br. Annual or perennial weak herbs. Flowers solitary or elustered in the axils. Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes nearly equal. Corolla mainly white, strongly 2-lipped. Stamens 4, didynamous. Capsule cylindrie.—A bout 30 species, tropical. 1. H. lacustris (Schlecht.) Stem 3-9 dm. long: le ener PRSE ner: or narrowly linear- e 5-12 em. lon ealyx-lobes narrowly i subulate, 5-7 m. Swamps and muddy b Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex ^ te ex.) — Sum.-fall.—The ore and a half species of his genus are all swamp or marsh inhabitants. The sole species in the wr United States in- habits the river-bottoms from western Florida to Texas. It reaches its greatest development in the lower Mississippi Delta. 4. DYSCHORISTE Nees. Herbs or woody plants: leaf-blades entire. Flowers solitary or clustered in the axils. Calyx-lobes 5, very slender. Corolla blue, purple, or rarely white, somewhat 2-lipped. Capsule 2-4-seeded. phanes D. Don.]—About 30 species widely distributed in warm and tropical regions. es Q = 0- ee nearly as long as the corolla; corollas and the bractlets ee equal in ngth. 1. D. humistrata. Caly3-lolies I than % as long i the corolla; which is fully tw S long as the bractle Cor olla i ox long or shorter: "leaf-blades of a linear type. 2. D.angusta. Corolla fully 2 em. long: leaf-blades mainly of an elliptic . D. oblongifolia. 1. D. humistrata (Michx.) Kuntze. Stem leaves few; blades 2-3 em. long, elliptic to elliptic-ovate: e E "obe gubulate-seta- 1928 | ACANTHACEAE ceous from a lanceolate base, 6-8 mm. long: corolla oe : Hue lo ong; in about 10 mm. wide: capsu long.—River- swamps, nm Plain, Fla. and Ga. —Spr. 2. D. angus (A. Gray) Small. Stem 1-2 dm. tall: poe numerous; blades 1-2.5 m. long, spatulate below to linear-elliptie e or linear above: calyx-lobes linear-subulate, 1 long d lim ut 10 mm wide: eapsule 7-8 mm. long. E a and open sandy hammocks, S Fla.—All yea 3. D. pic eid pie Kuntze. Stem 1-3 dm. tall: s few; blades 1-3 em. long, Res E^ cuneate _below, elliptic above: calyx-lobes 12-15 x long: corolla-limb 15 mm. wide: capsule 10-13 mm. long — Sandhills and DB dde Coastal Plain, Fla. to Va.—Spr.-fall. . RUELLIA [Plum.] L. Cauleseent herbs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed. Flowers axillary or sometimes in terminal clusters. Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes narrow. Corolla Ls i E Capsule 6-20 seeded.—About 200 species, mostly tropical America Flowers or flower-clusters sessile or essentially so. I, PARVIFLORAE. Flowers or flow aspire peduncled. II. PEDUNCULATAE. I. PARVIFLORAE Calyx- lobes linear d or with filiform Us longer than the capsule, Corolla 4—6 c long. Stem Temm tháh 1 dm. tall. 1. R. humilis. Stem over 2 dm. tall. l Leaf-blades sessile or essentially so. 2. R. ciliosa. Leaf-blades manifestly petioled. green or purple- dus p un blades not Leat-blades thick: stem B cue fistulose. 3. R. succulenta. Leaf-blades thin: stem woody, not fistulose. 4. rviflor Plant grayish-pubescent: leaf- blades. prominentl eath. ls en 5. R. hybrida. Coro T- -10 c lon 6. KR. noctiflora. Calyx- o incon. -lanceolate or broadly linear, scarcely longer . than the capsule. (. Iè. strepens. II. PEDUNCULATAE Erect gregarious plant with narrow leaf-blades l 8. R. malacosperma. . R s Nutt. Stem 1-3 em. tall, hirsute or villous-hirsute, or almost wanting: leaf- a spatulate to o or oval, 3—10 em. long: calyx hirsute; lobes linear-subulate, 15-20 mm. long: co- rolla blue or nearly white, d em. long; tube 1-2 mm. thick: capsule 15-17 mm. long.—Sandy . soil, Eum Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—Spr.-fal 2, R. ciliosa Pursh. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf-blades oval, ovate, or elliptie, 2-5 cm. long: subulate, 15-20 mm. long: corolla aes 5-7 em. long: tube 1-2 mm. thick: eapsule 10— 15 mm. long.—Dry soil, various i ues Fla. to Tex., Kans., Mich., and N. J. —Spr.— fall. 3. R. succulenta Small. Stem 1.5-5 dm. tall inconspicuously puberulent: leaf-blades ACANTHACEAR 1229 aD elliptic to spatulate, 2.5-4.5 em. long; calyx sparingly ciliate or gla- pida b linear-filiform, 13-16 mm. | oue corolla deep purplish-blue, about 4c ong.—Everglades, Fla.—All yea 4. R. parviflora (Nees) Britton. Ste 6 dm. tall, digas i UR He green: P enf. blades elliptie to elliptic- A 3—10 em. lon ng: alyx hir 2 linear-filiform, 15-20 mm. long: corolla blue, 4—5 em. long; tube e . thick: An: barely 15 mm. long. — soil, Coastal Plain and adj. A Fla. to Tex., Ind., and N. J.—Spr.- 5. R. hybrida Pursh. Stem 2-6 dm. long, often diffusely spreading, grayish pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic to cpt -laneeolate, 3-10 em. long: calyx hirsute; lobes linear-filifor 15-20 long: corolla Pei -blue, 4-5 em. ong: capsule 10—16 mm. ns E dene Fla.—Spr.- noctiflora (Nees) A. Gray. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, Rd pubeseent: WP blades elliptie, sometimes aoe co SO Or elliptic- M ese 4—7 long: calyx softly ne E linear-filiform, 25-35 mm. long: corolla blue or nearly white, abou ong; tube about ? mm. thick. Se about 25 mm. long.—Pi nelands, o2 Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—Spr.- 7. R. strepens L. Stem 2-12 dm. tall, LUE or finely pubescent; dd blades ovate to e pen 5-15 em. long: corolla blue or nearly white, 5-6 en long: eapsule 10—15 mm. lon ng.—Dr y soil, id ealeareous, various E Fla. to Tex., Wisc., and Pa.—Spr.-sum. alacosperma Greenm. Stem up to 1 m. tall glabrous in age: lea blades linear- ei or inae -spatulate on e Oe part of the stem, dw linear and attenuate above, mostly 1—2 ong: flowers in open cymes: calyx sparingly SUDO ; lobes linear- RUE about 1 em. long: eee bluish- purple, 3.5—4 em. long; tube about 1 em. long, shorter than the throat: cap- sule about 2.5 cm. long.—Roadsides, cult. dag and ditch- aes Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. Nat. of C. A. and cult.—Spr.-fal Blechnum Blechnum (L.) Millsp., with uy camer bracted epike-like panicles, has been found in Fla.; it is a native of S. 6. GERARDIA L. Mostly seapose herbs. Leaves mainly basal. Flowers in terminal spikes. Calyx-lobes 5, ne | equal. Corolla with slightly unequal broad spreading lobes. Stenandrium A About 25. species, of jpa ical Amer 1. G. floridana (A. Gray) Small. Plant 2—6 cm. tall: leaf- UEM ovate to elliptie or oval, 2-3 em. long: calyx-lobes linear-subu- m. long: corolla - gen Gerardia has lon ng been mis- takenly applied p certain groups of the Figwort i 7. DIAPEDIUM Konig. Annual or usually dan herbs. Leaf- blades entire. Flowers in conspicuously bracted spik Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes narrow, "edd equal. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper ie erect. Filaments elongate. Capsule with an ovoid or suborbicular body. [Dicliptera Juss.]— bout 60 species of tropical and warm regio 1230 ACANTHACEAE Corolla red or crimson, curved: tube longer than the lips. 1. D. assurgens. Corolla purple or pink, nearly straight: tube and lips about equal in length. 2. D. brachiatum. 1. D. assurgens (L.) Kuntze. Plant 3-11 dm. tall, often diffuse: leaf-blades ovate to elliptie or nm ae em. long: calyx 3—4 mm. long; lobes ae corolla crimson d, 2-2.5 e PUE long: eapsule 7-8 mm. isi T e M S pen. Fla. = the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. 4.)—A1l yea 2. D. brachiatum (Pursh) Kuntze. Plan 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to elliptie- ovate, 2 , ae or acuminat alyx 4-5 mm. long; lobes linear- e: cal tree ens 15-20 mm. long: capsule abou m. long.—River-banks and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Kans, Mo., and . C.—Sum.-fall.—The two species in our range are as distinct in their ha bitate as in the A of their corollas. The firs P ? a one inhabits fresh swamps and as. 8. YEATESIA Small. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers in conspicuously bracted spikes. Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes slender. Corolla slightly 2-lipped: upper lip ante or nearly so: lower lip 3-lobed. — with an ovoid body.—One specie Y. ora (Nees) Small. Plant 2-6 A tall: teat blades elliptic or elliptic- -lance- t Plain and adj. provinces, Fla Tenn., and Ga.—Sum. 9. NTHERA [Gronov.] L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire or rarely toothed. Flowers in dense spikes on axillary peduncles. Calyx 4-5 2-lipped: upper a he notched: lower lip 3-lobed. Anther-saes borne obliquely, each at the tip "3 a ee of the connective. Capsule mostly 4-seeded.—One species. americana L. Stem 3-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear to pd eee or nar- 1 . lon rowly elliptie, 5—15 e ng: peduneles as- cending, about as iene as the leaves or longer: spikes 1-3 long, continuous ealyx-lobes linear, 4-5 mm. long: corolla nat pink, or purplish: capsule em u .5—2 cm. ong.—(W ATER-WILLOW.)—-Beds, shores, and neat >, X de of streams, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Mich., and Que.—Spr.-sum. PINGUICULACEAE 1231 10. JUSTICIA L. Perennial herbs. Tak blades entire. Flowers in more or less interrupted spikes on axillary peduncles. Calyx 5-lobed, the a narrow. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip notched: lower lip 3-lobed. Anther-sacs unequal, one borne oblique or horizontal at the top of the connective, the other a or nearly so below it. Capsule 4-seeded.—About 100 species, mostly tropical American. / / Corolla 2-2.5 cm. long. 1. J. crassifolia. Corolla 1 cm. ete or shorter. Flowers scattered along one side of the upper part of the peduncle Leaves remote, reflexed : ee 5-6 m long. . J. angusta. Leaves appr oie Spreading or poe nines ` corolla-tube 8- mm. 9. J. lanceolata. Flowers in he ad: like spikes terminating the peduncles, or approximate at the end. 4. J. ovata. 1. J. crassifolia Chapm. Stem 2-4 dm. tall; leaf-blades linear, usually nar- rowly so, or oe near the base x Ros stem, 3-15 em. long, fleshy: calyx- lobes linear, 11-15 long, acum corolla bright- purple, "- 2, o em . Jong: e s sule 2-2.5 long.—Swamps, wet woods, nd low Dade Fla.—Spr. or all year S. J. BEEN (Chapm.) Small. Stem 2-5 f- spatulate at the base of the stem, more or less refle oe peduncles bearing 2-few flow- ers near end: calyx-lobes linear, 5- si E pedum pale-purple D ut 10 m in ng: capsule about 1.2 cm. long. Pine. land ponds, Fla.—Spr. 3. J. lanceolata (Chapm.) Small. Stem 1-3 ipd Am leaf-blades linear to linear- d or eo 3—10 em. jong, r less acuminate, undulate, se r nearly so ikes slender, 3-10 e iu OL along the peduncle: a ea ashes narrowly linear, 5—7 mm pus ii purple, about 10 mm. long: eapsule 1.5 em. long.— nu ground and t hammocks, ipie Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va. —Spr.—sun 4, J. ovata Walt. Stem 1-3 ae tall: leaf-blades elliptic, 3-11 em. long; spike zl p 1-2 em. long, continuous: eal dcs Er ved linear- acumina long: ERI pale-purple to violet, a 10 mm. long: capsule en H em. Tong. —About pineland ponds, Coastal Plain) Fla. E Tex. and Va.—Spr.-s FaAwiLY 16. — — BLADDERWORT FAMILY erbs, growing in water or in wet places. Leaves submersed and dis- laments flattened, twisted. Anthers 1-celled. Gynoecium a single 1-celled pistil, with a free- o usually globose placenta. Style thick, very short. Ovules usually numerous but sometimes only two. Fruit a 1 Contributed by John dns Barnhart. 1232 PINGUICULACEAE eapsule, 2-valved or Mild dehiseent. Seeds numerous (in Biovularia on Calyx-lobes 5: scape without bracts, always 1-flowered. 1. PINGUICULA. Calyx-lobes 2: scape with 1 or more bracts, 1 “many-f10 wered. Calyx with a pair of bractlets resembling UN lobes: scales, bracts, bractlets, Gad calyx- nhac umen 2. ARANELLA. Calyx without bractlets ; lobes not fimbri Pedicels each with a bract and 2 run m at base. Racemes spike-like, the pedicels rarely exceeding the racts: bractlets fre 3. STOMOISIA. M not pike. like, ‘the pedicels longer, commonly sey times longer than the bracts: bractlets more r less adnate to the bid cts. 4. CALPIDISCA. Pedicels eaeh with a bract Ba base, but no bractlets Branches, if any, alternate: lateral lobes (if any) of ower corolla-lip not saccate. Bracts peltate. 5. SETISCAPELLA. Bracts not p eltate, attached by the cn Bracts tubular, solitary: corollas ple. 6. LECTICULA. racts not tubular, 1 or more: corollas yellow. Scape below lowest bract well dev "eloped, mu Piu Scales; ovules and seeds T. ÜTRICULARIA. Scape. below lowest bract obsolete; ovules 8. BIOVULARIA. ee and oooi whorled: lateral lobes of wer corolla-lip saccate. 9. VESICULINA. 1. PINGUICULA [Tourn.] L. Terrestrial scapose herbs. Leaves in a basal rosette: blades flat. Scapes usually several, l-—flowered, without scales or bracts. Calyx-lobes 5, more or less united. Corolla spurred at the base, the pala in ours) subulate or clavate, included in ite tube.—About 35 species, e ( widely distributed.—BUTTERWORTS. Corolla, including spur, less than 2 cm. long. 1. P. pumila. Corolla, includi g spur, 2 em. long, or longer. Spur sle nt. Corolla golden- yellow: seape not villous. 2. P. lutea Corolla violet: scape villous toward the bas 3. P. caer wea Spur short and sac-like: plant "pen wholly tlabrous: 4. P. planifolia. 1. P. pumila Michx. Leaves 1-2.5 em. long, clammy-pubescent: scapes very slender, 5—20 em. tall: FOCUS white, pale violet, or pale rose, very rarely Bei low, 1-2 em. broad; spur subulate, about Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—(W. I.)— Spr. or all year S 2. P. lutea Walt. Leaves 1.5-6 cm. long, elammy-pubescent; scapes 1-3 dm. tall, he o 2 o spur subulate or sub- cylindric, 5-10 ong.—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—Spr. B6 a Walt. Leaves 1.5-6 em. long, clam mmy- A Cn. scapes l- m. tall, pubeseent, e at the base; a Mae 2—2.5 em. broad, the lobes obtusely ] 2-cleft; spur slender, subeylin ndric, 4-8 mm. lon ne obtuse. [P. elatior Michx. —Low ad. Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. O Spr 4. P. planifolia Chapm. Leaves 1.5-8 em. long, glabrous or nearly so: n 1-3.5 dm. tall, nearly glabrous, 2i villous at the base: corolla violet, 1-2 c PINGUICULACEAE 1233 broad, the lobes usually aeutely 2-eleft; spur rather sae-like, a 1-3 mm. long, obtuse —Shallow water, near the Gulf coast, Fla. to Miss.—Spr. 2. ARANELLA Barnh. Terrestrial herbs. Leaves in a basal rosette, often fugacious. Scapes 1-several- E seales below the lowest pedicel numerous, peltate, fimbriate: braets fim ate: braetlets above the of the very short pedicels, mimicking pcs ealyx- lobes, fimbriate. Calyx-lobes 2, nearly dis- tinet, fimbriate. Corolla 2-lipped. [Cosmiza Small, not Raf.]—Three or 4 species, tropi- eal American. 1. A. fimbriata (H.B.K.) Barnh. Leaves linear, 5-6 mm. long: seapes 5-15 em. tall: racemes 1-7-flowered, spike-like or sub- lip. [Cosmiza longeciliata Smal.]—Low pinelands, especially along the Everglades, pen. Fla.— (W. I., 8. A.)—Al year. 3. STOMOISIA Raf. Terrestrial herbs. Stems delicate, root-like. Leaves delicate, rarely seen: blades linear. Bladders minute, beaked but with- out bristles. Scapes 1-many-flowered: scales below the lowest pedicel several, attached by the base: bracts each accompanied by a pair of bract mee Nc lobes 2, EA distinct. Corolla.2-lipped, the lips nearly distinct, the upper one clawed, lower consisting chiefly of the helmet-shaped, und com- pressed Mna db did 50 species, widely distributed. Corolla much exceeding the calyx. Lower lip of corolla 1.2 em. long or more; spur about 12 mm. long. S. cornuta. Lower lip of corolla 1 em. long or less; ED about 6 mm. long. 2. 8. juncea. Corolla about as long as the calyx, or sho rter 3. S. virgatula. 1. S. cornuta (Michx.) Raf. Scape rooting in mud, erect, 1-3 dm. tall: racemes spike-like, aye flowered, the flowers appro oximate: corolla yellow, 1 2— 1.6 . broad: low lip much larger than the pere) abru ane point spur horn- shaped, acute, slightly os andere 7-12 mm. long. “Utricularia cornuta Michx.]— Margins of ponds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Newf.—(W. I.)—Su fall. 2. 8. juncea (Vahl) Barnh. Scape root- , erect, 1-4 dm. tall: racemes spike-like, 3-12-flowered: corolla yellow, 0.8-1 em. broad; lower lip larger than the upper, rather pointed; spur horn-shaped, j en -7 mm. curv [Utricularia juncea Vahl.]—-Margins of ponds, Coastal Plain ne rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss. and N. Y.— —(W. I., S. A.) —Sum.-fall. 78 1234 PINGUICULACEAE S. virgatula Barnh. Scape rooting in mud, erect, 0.3-2 dm. tall: racem donee 1—6-flowered: corolla yellow, 4 mm. br d little if at all UE calyx; spur conic, pendent, 2—3 mm. lon laria, simplex Wright.] ul of ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. Y.—(W. I.)—Fall. 4, CALPIDISCA Barnh. Terrestrial herbs. Leaves in a basal rosette, often fugacious. Scapes l-several-flowered: scales below the lowest pedicel several, acute: bracts each accompanied by a pair of bractlets more or less adnate to it, making an apparently 3-lobed s Calyx-lobes 2, nearly distinet. Cor 2- lipped, the lower lip abruptly nd pou e aperture of the spur.—About 60 spe- eies, mostly tropical. S y Legos Y i We 1 1. C. Standleyae Barnh. Leaves 1-6, sub- e An o mm bus ng: scapes fliform, 1.5—15 tal: racemes pa -flowered : pedicel “filiform, ds ..-11 mm. long: eorolla nni pale- E upper "i ge 3 mm. long; spur compressed-conic m. long, longer than the lower lip. —Low pinelands, pen. Fla.—Fall. 5. SETISCAPELLA Barnh. Terrestrial herbs, with short root-like branches from the base of the scape. Leaves delicate, evanescent and rarely en linear. Bladders minute, 2-horned. Scapes 1—many-flowered: Seale below the lowest pedicel scarious, peltate: bracts scarious, peltate: bract- lets none. Calyx-lobes 2, nearly distinct, ae ribbed. Corolla 2-lipped, the lower lip commonly stiff, divergently 3-lobed, with a 2-lobed palate.—About 12 species, mostly American.—Spr.-sum. or all year S Corolla yellow, 6-12 mm. long: capsule 2 mm. in diame ter. 1. S. subulata. Corolla white or purplish, d uon about 1 mm. in diameter: ule 1 mm. in diameter 2. 5. cleistogama. 1. S. subulata (L.) Barnh. Scape rooting in mud, filiform, 3-20 cm. tall: racemes 1—12-flowered: rachis be ecoming zigzag when well- -developed : pedicels ascending, 2-10 mm. long, Sri A the bracts: calyx becoming 2 mm. long: corolla yellow, 6-12 mm. long, rere un s. broad, the lower lip much larger than upper one, equally 3-lobed; spur un -conic, obtuse, | S 2 i M t [Utricularia subulata L.J— —Wet andy soil, pars Plain and New En nm pend Fla. and Mass.—Sum 2. S. cleistogama (A. Gray) Barnh. Seape rooting in mud, n m, stiff, 1-6 cm. tall: dim es 1-3 flow red: pedie cels ascending . long, ao M the bracts: corolla dus Ais or purplish, not more than 1 mm. in diameter, consisting chiefly of PINGUICULACEAE 1235 he large saccate spur, the tips minute: capsule 1 mm. in diameter.—Wet sandy an Coastal Plain and New EAN coast, Fla. to Miss. and Mass.—( Cuba.) 6. LECTICULA. Barnh. Her bs. Stems radiating from the base of the scape, usually submerged. Leaves alternate, usually 3-parted, tie segments linear. Scapes 1-flowered, the pedicel con- tinuous with the scape: bract tubular, the free margin truncate, notched: bractlets none. Calyx-lobes 2, nearly distinct. Corolla lipped, the palate a mere convexity.—T wo species, the following and one in South Ameriea. 1. L. resupinata (B. D. Greene) Barnh tem short, root-like: leaves seattered ; blades simple or forked base, the segments slender, capillary, often bladder b se: t, 2-1 all i: 1.5-2 mm. long: corolla violet- -purple 8-12 mm. long; spur e obtuse, dis- tant from the lower li [Utri cularia resupinata B. D. Greene. ]—Shallow water, various provinees, Fla. to Ont, and N. B.—Fall. 7. UTRICULARIA L. Aquatie herbs. Stems submersed, the branches alternate or from the base of the scapes. Leaves alternate, dissected. Blad- ders borne on the leaf-segments, the mouth with a pair of bristles. Seapes 1- many-flowered: scales below the lowest pedicel several: bractlets none. Calyx- lobes 2, nearly distinct. Corolla 2-lipped: lower lip flat, spreading, with a prominent 2-lobed palate—About 75 species, very widely distributed.—DBLAD- DERWORTS. Scape w ed floats. Stem creeping on the bottom in shallow water: some or all of the leaves root- Spur slender, equalling or exceeding the lower lip. Spur conic at base, linear above: leaves not all M ED ee 2 DES 10-40 cm. tall. 1. U. fibro Spur tapering from base apex: leaves all alike, bladder- bearing: scapes 5212 cm, es ll. 2. U. pumila. Spur stout, conic, shorter than the lower lip. 3. U. gibba. Stem E ating, except for the single pits of attach- Corolla 12-15 mm. broad: leaves forked, each fork twice or thrice A Scapes d pe edicels recurving at maturity: capsule 3—4 m in diameter. Scapes green D straight at maturity: cap- sule 5 mm. in diam 5. U. floridana. Corolla 15-20 mm P ou p forked, each fork 4-5 s dissected : ` pedi cels recurving at maturity: cap- ule 5 mm. in diameter 6. U. foliosa. Scape with a cH of conspicuous, i inflated, more or less united . U. macrorhiza. Hx Scape from floats to lowest pedicel 5 em. long or less. 7. U. radiata. Scape from floats to lowest pedicel 7.5 cm. long or more. 8. U. inflata. 1. U. fibrosa Walt. Stems radiating from the base of the scape or scapes, often 1-2 dm. long and free-swimming at the tip: leaves numerous; blades 2-3- 1236 PINGUICULACEAE raceme | dissected, or the bladder-bear- ing o nes m reduced: scapes 1—4 dm. tall a Y ered, usually 3-flowered pedicels ascendin . long: corolla yellow, about 15 mm. broac; spur conic at base, linear above, appressed, about as long as the lower lip, obtuse or emarginate at the apex.—Ponds, chiefly in ee S RA Plain, Fla. to Miss, (La.?) a Spr. _fa 1l. U. pumila Walt. Stems Rae L| bearing se much reduce pes 5-12 tall: rae 1-4-À dp Pop ee 2-flow ered: pedis ascending, 5-1 . long: n yellow, m 12 mm. Mp spur Me conie, AUN E longer than the lower lip, obtus emarginate he apex macrorha mU Barnh. ]--Shal- a Lam low water, bs Coastal Plain, EM New England coast, Fla. to La. and Mass. —Spr. —fall. 3. bba L. Stems radiating from the base of the scape or scapes, several em. lon ng, delicate, root-like: leaves scattered, sparingly divided; segments rr with des minute bladders: scapes 2-10 em. iine raceme es net ually 2-flowered: E very slender, erect or ascending, 2-10 mn . long: scale yellow, 5-8 mm. broad; spur conic, very e shorter than the lower lip.—Shallow water, peres provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mich. and Me.—Spr.- fall or all year S. 4. U. macrorhiza Le Conte. Stems submersed, leafy, 3-10 dm. long: numerous, alternate, 1.5- long: blades forked, each fork 2-8- Ree di dude into filiform segments, p] bier numerous bladders; bladders when fully developed 3-5 mm. long: scapes erect rum 3 dm. E ceme 5—20- dS pedicels 0.5-2 em. long, recurving at maturity: cor pes llow, 12-15 . broad, the lower lip slightly 3- n da iot appressed, pei e slightly aed shorter than the lower lip: capsule 3-4 mm. in dia metes t -seeded. i vulgaris americana A. Gray. | s Vas , Mo., Yukon, and Newf.—Sum 5. U. ior idana a — ee leafy, 6-15 dm. long: leaves numer- ous, alternate, 3-5 c ong; blades forke d, each fork 2-3-pinnately dissected into very delicate Recipes segments, the segments fewer, shorter, and stiffer when bladder-bearing; bladders 2 mm. long or less: scapes more or i flexuous, 1.5 dm. tall une A rst flower expands, becoming 3-6 d ll: raceme very laxly 8-25-flo pedic id em. long, ascending or spreadi at maturity: enr yellow, 12-15 mm. broad, both lips nearly entire: spur not 2 Vd , slightly ped. ‘shorter than the lower lip: d about n diam —Ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.- U. foliosa L. Stems submersed, leafy, 9-30 dm. long: leaves numerous, alternate, 3—10 em g; blades forked each fork 4—5-pinnately dissected int fine or eapillary segments, the segments fewer when the ders are more n ong less apes erect, 1—3 l: raceme rather closely E pedi l . long, recurving at maturity becomi g: corolla yellow, 15-2 broad, the upper lip erect, nearly entir ee lower lip spre a a 3 ae: spur not ap- pressed, slenderly coni, slightly curved, sh e lower lip: eapsule about 5 mm. i eter, few-see [U. oligosperma St. Hil.]-— Ponds and n dia ded. brackish ies Coastal Plain, Fla. to La—(W. I.)—Spr.—fall or all year S. PINGUICULACEAE 1237 radiata Small. Stems a i leaves 6-10- -dichotomously dissected, copiously bladder-bearing: e ect, 6-12 em. tall, be gee near the mid- dle a single whorl of 4-7 e nici infated floats, ‘which a more or less erum at the base, less than 4 cm. oe i pinnately dissected near the tip: raceme 1-3-flowered: pedicels 8-20 mm. long, spreading or recurved in fruit: irs Td about 1.5 em. broad, lower Dp 3-lobed, abot twice as long as pia conic emarginate spur.—Pon , Coastal Plain and New England a Fla. to Tex. and Me.—Spr r.—fall. flata Walt. Stems submersed, often RUE elongate: leaves 10—12- dichotomously eee copiously bladder- bearing: scapes erect, 2-6 dm. tall, bearing : whorl of 4 nspicuous inflated braets, whieh are more or less confluent at Es hase, zi em. long, and pinnately dissected from near the middle: race red: ui 16-32 mm. long, spreading or recurved in fruit: Seer eae ree . broad, the co lip 3-lobed, about twice as long as the appressed conic um spur.—Ponds and ditches, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Del.—Spr.—fall. BIOVULARIA Kam aquatic herbs. Stems submerged. cuve es alternate, dissected. a E us on the leaf- "segments, the mouth 2-beaked. Scapes 1-3-flowered, the part þe- 9 low lowest braet obsolete, the lowest braet hence sessile on the stem; bractlets none. Calyx-lobes 2, dens distinet. Corolla 2-lipped, the lips entire, the palate not prominent. Ovules only 2. Fruit indehiscent, with a single seed.—One species, in tropical and subtropical America. mE . B. olivacea (Wright) Kam. delicate, capillary, forming mats o little beneath the surface of the wate leaves mou of a single se gment, bearin one bladder; seape ened any, the bracts and ps s, if more than one, approximate at its base; longest pedicel less m. than 1 em. long; ae about 0.5 mm. long; corolla yellowish, less t ong: spur e oo olivacea Wright. |—Shallow water, near San- rd, I., S. A.) One of the smallest (perhaps the fo Sem —(W. smallest br Ee = P flowering plants. 9. VESICULINA Raf. Aquatic herbs. Stems submersed, the branches -whorled, decompound. Leaves none. Bladders terminal, the mouth (in ours) naked. Scapes l-4-flowered: scales below | the lowest pedicel none: bractlets none. Calyx-lobes 2, nearly distinet. Corolla 2- lipped: lower lip 3-lobed, the lateral lobes saeeate, forming together a prominent di- vergently 2-lobed palate, the middle lobe short.—About 6 species, Ameri purpurea (Walt.) . Raf. Stems elongate, the branches numerous, whorled, verticillately deu bla dders soli- tary, terminating many of the ultimate branchlets, the orifices without projecting processes: scapes erect, slender, spongy- 1238 OROBANCHACEAE ae rusa onn 0.5-1.5 dm. tall: pedicels erect or ascending: calyx becoming 2.5—3 PA Eu e, 12 mm. broad; spur conic, somewhat flattened, a t Wa as the lower lip. [Utricularia purpurea Walt.]— Ponds, various prov vn Tia to La., Minn., Ont., and Me.—(W. I.)—Sum.-fall. Famity 17. OROBANCHACEAE — BROOM-RAPE FAMILY Parasitic, commonly perennial herbs, without green coloring matter. eaves oo scale-like. Flowers perfect, or rarely dioecious, some- partly united Eus sometimes spathe-like. Corolla of 4 or 5 M united petals, the limb irregular or 2-lipped. Androecium of 4 didynamous stamens partially adnate to the corolla. Gynoecium of 2, or rarely of united earpels. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules mostly numerous. "uit a a Cap- sule. Seeds wingless.—About 11 genera and more than 200 doe most abundant in the Northern Hemisphere. Flowers perfect and complete throughout. Calyx iem spathe-like, the lower side split, the, upper with 3 or 4 tooth- like lobes: stamens exserted. 1. CONOPHOLIS. Calyx regular or nearly so, with 2-5 equal or unequal lobes: stamens include ea Calyx with a deep sinus above and below. 2. OROBANCHE. Calyx irr equally re lobe 3. THALESIA. Flowers various, cleistogamous on “lower part of spike, complete but mostly sterile a ove. 4. LEPTAMNIUM. 1. CONOPHOLIS Wallr. Yellow or brownish herbs, with very stout stems and inflorescence. Leaves numerous. Flow- ers sessile, yellowish, crowded in the spike.— Three species, North Am n. 1. C. americana (L. f. Pn Wallr. Plant elustered, us dm. tall: leaves em ovate 10-15 mm. long. — (Squaw- ROOT. CANCER- ROOTS. )— —Rich woods, various provinces, Fla. to ich. and Me.—Spr.—The. squaw-root frequently pes in addis Eis oes plant resembles a fir or spruc ne. It pale, often Mid when Mut Du soon b comes brown OROBANCHE L. Whitish, yellowish, reddish, or violet herbs, math € es slender stems. Leaves few. Flow- ers sessile, in a spike.—About 85 species, natives of the Old World. 1. O. minor J. mith. Plant 1-5 dm tall: leaves (scales) ovate to o 6-20 mm. long: 10 mm. long; out lanceolate- -su du s 11-15 mm. lo us bod the lo E add filaments pubes- capsule abou | =) RE on — den ) —Fields, od s provinces N. ae J. Nat ae ee —Spr.—sum.—Usually parasitic on clo ve Orobanche is the most wide-spread ud of this family. The plants of some species are restricted to a BIGNONIACEAE 1239 single host, while iare are not particularly selective. Different hosts seem to influence e variatio in the parasite, a fact that may have led to too much fale slic! on of ape cine . THALESIA Raf. Pale, often pink herbs, with short, mostly subter- ranean stems. Leaves few. Flowers oad on long ee often more deeply colored than the foliage.—About species, North American. 1. uniflora (L.) Britton. Plant 5-16 cm ini ‘leaves — dida to 'obovate, 5-10 ong: . long; lobes lance- ps about as os as s the tube: co cream-colored and purple- um) 14—18 mm. ; lo ovoid, about 10 mm. long llon uni florum T ye (B s -RAPE At ooT.)—-Rich woods, rious provinces, rarely Coastal ‘Plain, Ga. to Tex. Calif., B. C., Ont. and Newf.— —Spr. 4, LEPTAMNIUM Raf. Dark- o me or yellowish-brown herbs, with branching stems. Leaves very few. Flowers racemose or pos paler than the stem, separated.—One species. virgini L.) Raf. Plant 1-4 | e mm. ; virginiana Bart.|—(BEECH-DROPS. CANCER- ROOT.)—Under beech trees, various prov- inces, Fla. to La., Mich., and N. B.—Spr. Famity 18. BIGNONIACEAE — TRUMPET-CREEPER FAMILY bs, trees, woody vines, or rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, or e or 4 didynamous stamens. Anthers with mostly divaricate sacs. Gynoecium of 2 united earpels. Ovary 1-celled or 2-celled by the meeting of i placentae. Ovules numerous. Fruit a capsule. Seeds wi inged or ap- pendaged.—About 60 genera and more than 500 species, mostly NM Leaf-blades compound : vines or rarely herbaceous plants: calyx 5-lobed. Calyx with an undulate margin: capsule flattened parallel with its partition. 1. ANISOSTICHUS. Calyx with 5 lobes: capsule flattened at right angles with its partition. 1240 BIGNONIACEAE rect plant: pod linear, not stipitat MA. Cli mbing plant: pod clavate or fato. stipitate. 3. BIGNONIA. ` Leaf-blades simple: shrubs or trees : calyx 2-lobed. nther- E stamens 2: and opposite: fruit slender, dehiscent. 4, CATALPA. . Anther- ive e stamens 4: leaves alternate or scattered: fruit thick, roundish, indehiscent. Leaves clustered on spurs; blades of a spatulate or ob- Eds nr type: fruit rounded at the apex, with fleshy plae 5. CRESCENTIA. Redi alternate; blades of a broad type: fruit umbonate e apex, with dry placentae. 6. ENALLAGMA. ANISOSTICHUS Bureau. Vines. Leaf-blades 2-foliolate or rarely 1- 1. foliolate, often tendril-bearing: leaflets usually with entire blades. Calyx campanulate or cupulate. Coroll a with a panulate throat. Capsule narrow. See inged.—One species. 1. A. crucigera Cs Bureau. Glabro vine: leaves prolonged into tendrils; leafl du mA a poesi elliptie to elliptie- lanceolate, 5—1 ong a or auricled a 8» o olata L. I ROSS-VINE. FLO m. stream-banks, thickets, and woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Ill, and Va. (or Md.?)—Spr.—Also called smoke vine, as sections of the stems which show a strikingly cross-shaped pith, are smoked as cigars 2. TECOMA Juss. Shrubs or partly herbaceous plants. Leaf-blades unequally pinnate. Flowers clustered. Calyx tubular-campanulate, nearly equally 5-lobed. Corolla with the tu ~ enlarged into the funnelform throat. Seeds membranous-winged.—A bout 10 species, mostly tropical American. 1. = stans (L.) Juss. Plant 1-8 m. tall: leaves 1-2.5 dm long; leaflets 7—13, the blades Tanceolate te elliptic, or narrower, 0a caly 4-1 0 rsely serrate: calyx 3- 5 mm peu bes often triangular: corolla yellow, 3.5—4.5 lo capsule 10—2 long.—(YELLOW TRUMPET-FLOWE YEL- LOW-ELDER.) — Ha k woods, and thiekets, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W I., Mex., C. A.. S. A.).—All year. .8. BIGNONIA [Tourn.] L. Vines. Leaf-blades unequally pinnate: leaflets with toothed blades. Flowers clustered. Calyx tubular-campanulate, BIGNONIACEAE 1241 nearly equally 5-lobed. Corolla tubular- funnelform. Capsule stout, fusiform. Seeds membranous-winged.—Two species, the fol- lowing and 1 in Japan 1. B. radicans L. Stout vine: leaves many, 2-2.5 dm. long; leaflets 7-11, the blades oval, ovate, or elliptic, 2-6 cm . long, coarsely . serrate: calyx 14-18 mm. long: lobes tri- , ngul em. a 18 em. long. [Tecoma d (TRUMPET-CREEPER. COW-IT "TR ET.) —Woods, river-swamps, dis and gine je Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. Tex. Mo., and N. J. Sm —f um —The ae of this Pu are often mistaken for those of Toxicodendron, whence the name ‘‘cow-itch.’’ The Du pen have no poisonous effect on the skin 4, CATALPA L. Shrubs or trees, with scaly bark. Leaves deciduous: . blades broad, membranous. Flowers paniculate. Calyx 2-lobed. Corolla mainly white or yellow, the tube abruptly expanded into the throat. Capsule slender and elongate. Seeds fimbriate-winged. About 5 species, North Ameri- ean and Japanese.—INDIAN-BEANS. INDIAN-CIGARS. CIGAR-TREES. SMOKING- BEANS. CATALPAS. CATAWBAS. Panicles many-flowered, crowded : corolla with a limb 4-5 X LR 6 em. 1. C. Catalpa. Panicles few-flowered, lax: corolla with a limb 6-7 X T- 8c 2. C. speciosa. 1. C. Catalpa (L.) Karst. Tree becoming 20 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate, 1- 3 dm. long: calyx 8-12 mm. long; lobes n m pointed: corolla 3-4 em. long, i anulat eapsule 1 : g.—Wood d stream nks, various provinces, Fla j nd aut as far as rie . Y.—The d capsules are frequen tly smoked y Ca wherever the tree is found.—Spr.— 2. C. speciosa Warder. Tree becoming 40 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate to oblong-ovate, 1-8 dm. long: calyx 10-11 mm. long; lobes than C. d throat conic-campanulate: eae .5—5 dm. long.—(BOIs-PLANT. )—Damp soil or Es various prov- cee N of Coastal Plain, T to Tex., Mo., and Ind.—Spr. 5. CRESCENTIA L. Trees with stale bark. Leaves clustered. on spurs: blades of a spatulate or oblanceolate type. Flowers in clusters or solitary, on 1242 PEDALIACEAE the spurs, pediceled. Calyx 2-lobed, leath- Corola mainly yellowish-green and moe with a fold between the tube and the campanulate throat: lobes 5, unequal. Anthers mostly included. Fruit relatively large, rounded at the apex, with a « thick, hard pericarp. Seeds flat, oe —About 5 species, tropical Ameri 1. C. Cujete L. Ea becoming 12 m. tall: leaf-blades 8—15 em. long, vais dad usn nate or obtuse, narrow- -based : calyx 2-3 e long: corolla yellowish-green and mage a streaked; lobes undulate: capsule sub- em. —Hammocks, Florida Keys. Nat. of tropical America.— Spr.-sum. 6. ENALLAGMA Bail. Trees with scaly bark. Leaves alternate: blades of an oblong, oval, or obovate type. Flowers solitary or clustered at the ends of the branchlets, pos d Calyx 2- lobed, leathery. Cor inly whitish, purplish or Lcd a fold be- tween the tube and the campanulate throat: lobes 5, unequal. Anthers mostly exserted. Fruit relatively small, umbonate at the apex, with a thin brittle pericarp. Seeds convex, notched at both ends.—Four species, tropi- eal American 1. E. latifolia (Mill) Small. Tree becom- to yellowish-white; s toothed: eapsul al, 5-11. .l ellipsoid or ova ong. [Crescentia ovata Fl. SE S. ]—(BLACK- o ) Hammocks, often along the coast, S pen. Fla. and BE Keys.— (W. I.)-——Spr.-sum. Famity 19. PEHDALIACEAE — Benne FAMILY Herbs or rarely shrubs. Leaves opposite or oa alternate: blades entire, toothed or lobed, usually petioled. Flow x of 5 lo 2-lipped, the 5 lobes usually broa Androecium of 4 didynamous stamens and one staminodium. Gynoecium of usually 2 united carpels. Style elongate. Stigmas 2, often somewhat foliaceous. Fruit a capsule, un-. armed or with simple or hooked spines.—About 14 genera and 45 spécies, in the Old World. Ovary slightly 2-lobed at the apex: capsule abruptly pointed or short-beaked at the apex. 1. SESAMUM. yey ES us a apex: capsule truncate and with 2 lateral the . CERATOTHECA. Se. e? .less s all ERE e cea: ate ne MARTYNIACEAE 1243 1. SESAMUM L. Herbs. Leaves opposite or partly alternate: blades broad or narrow. Flowers axillary. Calyx-lobes slightly unequal. Corolla horizontal: tube very short: throat campanu- late: limb 2-lipped, the lower lip much larger ne the upper one. Stamens included. Capsule angled or somewhat flattened. . Seeds wingless.—About 12 species, in tropi- eal Asia and Africa 1. S. indicum L. Plant 1.5 m. tall or less, finely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate, toothed or lobed and long-petioled on the lower part of the stem, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, undulate or entire and short-petioled above: E DR di: lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,. 5-7 Ped corolla pink, yellowish, or de. 225 € . lon ng; s rounded: cap- sule ellipsoid, 25-3 c long, abruptly poin nted.—(BENNE. Wr D cult. iaa and waste- IAE Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. of East Indies.— (W. I. js way, De a) —All year. 2. CERATOTHECA Endl. Differs from Sesamum chiefly in the 2-horned capsule and a the case of our aid in the broader leaf-blades. Leaves alternate on the upper part of the s : blades toothed or lobed, petioled, . subpalmately poles Flowers ee. opposito or d subtended by | racts narrower than the leaves. Calyx-lo unequal. Coro odding: tube es shorter than the dpi throat subeampanulate: ea very a the lower lip much longer than the upper one. Stamens included. Capsule ae "a tened, truneate at the top. Seeds margined. —Five species, African. 1. C. triloba E. Meyer. e 1-2 m. tall, the stem 4-angled and with grooved sides: leaves clammy-pubescent: blades sub- aoe lar or ovate- are mostl ad em. lon > aoe those of the lower lea ened upwar em. long, the horns di dont pubeseent, the sides grooved. —High 220508 and roadsides, pen. Fla . Nat t. of Afriea.—Sum.-fall. Faxy 20. MARTYNIACEAE — UxiCORN-PLANT FAMILY l or perennial, stocky herbs, with stout weak stems. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate: blades undulate or lobed. Flowers perfect, irregular, in racemes. Calyx of mostly 5 well-united sepals, oblique, the lobes short. Corolla of 5 partly united petals: tube often decurved: limb 5-lobed, oblique. Androecium of 4 didynamous stamens (or the posterior placentae parietal.— Three genera and 12 species, mostly tropical. 1244 PLANTAGINACEAE 1. MARTYNIA L. Annual or perennial, very stout, herbs with clammy, strong-scented pubescence. Leaf-blades broad. Corolla declined, the limb oblique. ae 2-valved, the body d terminating in a curved or hooked bea About 8 species, Am k ouisiana Mil. Annual, densely viscid- “pubescent: leaf-blades sinuate, 0.5—3 wide, petioled: flowers not fragrant: calyx] -lobes ovate, obtuse: d lobes un- dulate: Qd stout, 8-15 e ong, curved, separating 2 ela stieally spreading valves, the be ak o Eee the body.— (UNICORN-PLANT. RN. PROBOSCIS- FLOWER. )—River- PIS fields, waste- -places, Miss. valley. —(Mez. )—Sum. —fall. ORDER PLANTAGINALES — PLANTAGINAL ORDER Annual or perennial herbs, or partially woody plants. Leaves wholly or mainly basal, or crowded on a simple or branched caudex: blades typically 1-several-ribbed. Flowers perfect, monoecious or dioecious, spicate. Calyx of 4 (3-5), partly united sepals. Corolla of 4 (3-5), partly united searious and veinless petals. Androecium of 4 or 2 stamens, (or of 1 stamen). Gynoecium typically 2-carpellary. Ovary superior. Fruit capsular, usually a pyxis. Faminy 1. PLANTAGINACEAE — PLANTAIN FAMILY . Leaf-blades typically 1-several-ribbed. Calyx-lobes, and corolla-lobes, 4. Style and stigma elongate.—Three genera and 225 species, widely distributed. 1. PLANTAGO foil L.1 Acaulescent (ours) or caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades broad or Spikes usually elongate, green, or brown or rayish. Filaments pa tai. Sdn e to MA orolla-tube. More than 200 spe- cies, of wide geographical di 1 ne HORSE Ed E corolla lobes erect or closing over the capsule: plants ual or bienni stamens 2: leaf-blades narrow, linear or filiform. mens 4: leaf-blades dpud broad. II. VIRGINICAE. lowers perfect : corolla-lobes eading or reflexed on the top of the capsule. Plants annual: flowers heterogonous, mou cleistogamous. IIT. ARISTATAE. Plants perennial: flowers proterogynou Calyx- lobes various, the he united, the upper distinct. IV. LANCEOLATAE. | Calyx-lobes all essentially distinct. V. MAJORES. I. PUSILLAE Capsule about twice as long as the m s 10-530. 1. P. heterophylla. Capsule slightly surpassing the calyx : seeds 2. P. pusilla. 1Prepared from matter contributed " Seni Lyman Morris. PLANTAGINACEAE 1245 II. VIRGINICA Plant with spatulate, obovate or elliptic, usually repand den- ticulate leaf-blades, and obtuse calyx-lobes 3. P. virginica. ARISTATA Rigid plant with narrow entire Tear nines aa a stiff spike E with long spreading bracts. 4. P. aristata. IV. LAN Plant with narrow EU and short ms Spikes which terminate wiry pedune 5. P. lanceolata. V. MAJORE DAROEN EEES of the leaf-blades free and anes from the mid- Spikes m eee bracts much shorter than . the calyx: seeds 2 6. P. sparsiflora. Spikes a pe least above the base: bracts one half the length of the calyx or more: seeds 4—18. Capsules conic or ellipsoid-conic, circumscissile below the i T. P. Rugelü. psu ules” ovoid, circumscissile at about the middle 8. P. major. Lateral nerves of the Jeaf-blades partially confluent with the midrib. 9. P. cordata. . P. heterophylla Nutt. Leaves basal, 2-18 em. long; blades linear or nearly filiform, acute, entire or with several rem mote teeth or spreading narrow lobes, narrowed to the dilated base: ua usually 5 ] numerous, 2-25 em. long, equalling or sur- passing the leaves: spike slender, 2-15 em. wer than th : erect, ovate, 0.5 mm. long, acute: capsule ellipsoid,. 3-3.5 mm. long, d rA be- low the middle: mes mainly 0.5-0.7 mm. ng, dark-red.—Moist soil, fields 2d past- CA rts Plain and adj. poem Fla. to T ; Ark,, and N. J.—Spr.- 2. P. pusilla Nutt. Leaves e several 2— 12 cm. long; blades linear or n arly filifor | blunt-tipped, entire, obscurely 1 nerve, sometimes early deciduous: scapes usu- ally. several together, nearly filiform, 5-25 em. long, pas mE iid br Di epa ~ spike rather loosely eed: slender: bracts , 1-1.3 lon D8 A : flowers dioecious or polygamous: calyx- -lobes ov to spans, L . long, obtuse, Rer bord the bracts: corolla glabrous; lobes 3— cect, lanceolate to ov a Eo ellipsoid or ovoid- -ellipsoid, about 2 mm. long, circumscissile below middle: seeds 1—1.5 mm. long, dark-r din RD sandy soil, various it "da. to Tex., Kans., and Mas s.—Spr.-s 3. P a L. Leaves basal, spreading or ascending, 1-15 cm. long; blades ane to obovate or elliptic, obtuse or acutish, entire or repand- dentieulate, 3—5-nerved, narrowed into margined petioles or nearly sessile: scapes P or mid 0.5-20 dm. tall, much surpassing the leaves: spike dense, sometimes interrupted below: flo owers dioecious: bracts linear-lanceolate to bue nda; lobes elliptic or ovate, 2—2 2.5 mm. long, obtuse, surpassing ate capsule ovoid or oval-ovoid, 1.5-2 mm. long,.circumscissile at about the middle: seeds 2-4, 1.3 mm. E M golden- yellow.—Dry soil, Fla. to Tex., Ariz., Mich., and R. I.—Spr.- 1246 PLANTAGINACEAE ristata Miehx. Leaves nearly basal, 5-25 cm. long: blades linear, aeu un entire and callous-tipped, narrowed into margined petioles, 3—5 5- nerved: ded erect, 10—50 em. tall, rigid, surpassing the leaves: a dense, 2-15 cm. lo ong, pubescent bu not woolly: bracts linear, puberulent, 1-3 long, ae ing the flowers by several times pud peas Ps ud calyx-lobes spatulate- elliptic or cuneate, 2-2.5 ong, obtuse, the outer herbaceous, s inner s ips mar gined: cae pape ‘lobes ovate or orbicular- ovate, 2 m ong, obtuse, cordate: capsule slightly narrowed Nd 25-3 n mm. us eke surpassing the calyx, circumscissile at the ] D lai j middle: seeds 2, 2-3 mm. long.—Dry plains and prairies, various PORC La. to N. M., B. C., Alas, and Ill; naturalized eastward to Fla. and Me. 5. P. lanceolata L. Lea es basal, often numerous, 4—30 cm. long; blades linear- dee tees to broadly ‘elliptic, e and callous-tipped at the a or acuminate at both ends, 3-7-nerved, entire or denticulate, narrowed into ps ES ned petioles; which are dilated and hairy at the pe scapes erect or ay , 1-7 dm . tall, d n spike Pie dense, 1-8 em. long, 6-8 mm. thick: bracts rhombic, 4-5 mm. long, the tip he nt: flowers prie ealyx-lobes 2—3 m. long, broadly elliptic to oval, obtuse, the 2 lower ones usually united, 2E "m closely subparallel: cor olla a. lobes broadly lanceolate, 2—2.5 mm. long: capsule ellipsoid, 3 mm. long, slightly longer than the calyx, circum- scissile at about the middle: seeds 2, fully 2 mm. long.—-(Ris-erass. ENG - PLANTAIN. RIPPLE-GRASS.)—Fields, roadsides, m waste-places, various prov- inces, Fla. to Tex., N. M., Alas., Sask., and N. Nat. of Eurasia.—(W. I.) —Spr.—fall. 6. P. sparsiflora Michx. Leaves basal, eae em. long; a shorter than the blades, margined; blades lanceolate to very narrowly e M acute or acuminate, 5(—-7)-nerved, entire or . iudistin etly denticulate erect, 2—7 dm. tall, slender, simple: spi d A der, sometimes 3.8 dm . lon "T po brous or nearly so, uA -flowere d: braets ovate, very much shorter E the calyx: flowers perfect: calyx-lobes e to obovate, about 2 m ong, rounded, each with a green midrib and searious margins: elec an tube. sli C Quir the calyx, glabrous; lobes reflexed: capsule ellipsoid- cylindri ong, nearly twice as long as the calyx, circumscissile at the lower TR pes 3 id 2 mm. long.—Low marshy pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—Spr. -fal C.— 7. P. Rugelii Decne. Leaves basal, 5—40 em. long; petioles irn) purple at the base; blades broadly ovate to elliptie, "ipa than the petioles or some- times shorter, 5-7-nerved, entire or shallowly toothed, s Or m narrowed at the base: seapes often surpassing the i. 10-50 tall: spike 2-30 em. long, sometimes broadly bracted P the base: braets fully one half as long as the calyx, acute: flowers perfect: sepals elliptic, acute 2-2.5 mm. long, keeled, often scarious-margined: corolla glabrous; a ai peli aa alyx; lobes spreading: capsule conic or ellipsoid-conic, 4-4 m ong, circumscissile ae ow the middle: seeds 4-9, 1.5-2 mm. mc ea idus, fields, waste-plaees and woods, various provinees, Fla. t ex, N. D, and N. B.; naturalized further westward.—Spr.—fall—The leaves are shining en. 8. P. major L. ds basal, 5-85 em. long; E Aeon green at the base; blades ovate or oval, or rarely ‘elliptic. obtus eutish, 5—7-nerved, entire or MEAN to othed, ro m or M d = the ps longer than the iin or shorter: seapes su bn ing the lea 8-40 em. tall: spikes 4-20 long, dense: braets ovate, b eine the calyx: flowers perfect: LORANTHACEAE 1247 calyx- ica ovate to obovate, obtuse, not keeled, scarious-margined: corolla in- on uous; tubes p pida as long as the calyx; lobes spr Pe or reflexed: capsule ovoid, abou m. long, rene surpassing the calyx-lobes, circum- scissile a the middle: eer 6-18, 0.7 mm. long.—Waste-places, roadsides, cult. grounds, and damp x various Wo U. S. and S Can. In par = natural- ized from Eu.—(W. I., x.)—Spr.—fall.—The ae are dull-gre P. cordata Lam. Leaves basal, 1—4.5 dm. long; blades ovate to sub- Pd 5-30 em. long, acute or obtuse, 7—9-nerved, these confluent with the ae eee the agers of blade, entire or shallowly toothed, rounded or cordat the bas scapes erect, surpassing the leaves, 15-50 em. tall: spike Dod nu. some times interrupted: braets cu. vate or reni- form, 1.5-3 mm. long: calyx-lobes ovate to suborbicular, 2.5-3 mm. long, : e o m i e dd at the middle or slightly below it: seeds 1-4, 3.5-4 mm. long. —Str aed shaded swamps, various provinces, Ala. to La., Ont., and T anes OnpER SANTALALES — SANTALAL ORDER Herbs, shrubs, or trees, mostly root- or tree-parasites. Leaves with expanded blades or scale-like. Flowers inconspicuous, perfect or imper- fect. Calyx present, but often a mere border. Corolla present or want- ing. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals, or petals, or twice as many. Gynoecium of several united carpels. Ovary more or less inferior. Fruit a drupe, a nut, or a berry. Stamens as many as the petals or sepals: ovules not freely pendulous from an erect pi S ood ite: fruit a berry: tree-parasites. Fam.1. LORANTHACEAE, Leaves uy alternate: fruit a drupe or a nut: root- arasi Fam. 2. SANTALACEAE. Stamens a s many as the petals, except in Schoepfia: ; ovules freely pendulous from the erect placenta. Fam. 3. OLACACEAE. FAMILY 1. LORANTHACEAE! — MISTLETOE FAMILY Green or olive-brown shrubs or half- shrubs, with chlorophyll-bearing es, growing on woody plants from which they take sap through spe- : i : Flow mi Calyx of mostly 3 valvate sepals, each with a minute opposed stamen. Gynoecium compound, often 2-carpellary, but ovary inferior, 1-celled with a single little-differentiated ovule. Style single or wanting: stigma blunt or capitate. Fruit a berry or a drupe, the mesocarp Mad viscid.— Abo ut 2l genera and 500 species, most abundant in the tropies 1. PHORADENDRON Nutt. Stem rather fleshy about a woody axis, s at the nodes. Le eaves id aap scale-like or fleshy-coriaceous. Inflores- e l- to several-jointed. Spikes solitary or clustered in the axils. Flowers very is apetalous, dioecious: nies with a 3-lobed (rarely 2- to 5-lobed) calyx: anthers Papi sessile, 2-celled, dehiscing upwards: pistillate similar, the stigma nearly sessile. Berry subglobose, sessile, erowned with the per- 1 Contributed by William Trelease. 1248 SANTALACEAE sistent sepals. Seed solitary.—About 100 species, American.—AMERICAN- MISTLETOES. MISTLET Spikes permanently short (2-3 em.), rather closely covered pir berries. Leat- ae relatively broad, oblanceolate to obovate, orbieul . P. flavescens. E blades relatively narrow, spatulate or elliptic-spatu- 2. P. Eatoni. Spikes T (6-7 cm.) with the berries in separated whorls. 3. P.macrotomum. 1. P. flavescens (Pursh) Nutt. Stem minutely puberulous, becoming gla- brate: leaf-blades oblanceolate to obovate (or orbicular in the southwestern P. ely " Tr © g eni wi and forming large rather deer tufts. toni Trelease. Stem slender, gla- là 25-50 mm. long: spikes moderately short, = 20-30 mm. long, short-peduncled, with 2 or 3 to 6 ellipsoid joints 6— 12-fow era or even 30-flowered when staminate, and about 3 short joints some 6-flowered when pistillate: ~ A white, o ellipsoid, 5m F meter, with inflexed sepals.—On ash trees or sometimes on oaks and oo me S pen. la.—Plants in d es much-branched tufts. P. macrotomum Trelease. Stem minutely puberulous or glabrescent: ne blades oblanceolate, d cuneately subpetioled, 50-70 mm. long: spi rather long, 20-30 mm., reaching 60—70 mm. in fruit, short- -peduncled, with e oid, 4 m in separated whorls, with HP pn d s sepal —On various m trees, Fla.— lants forming large rather open tufts Famy 2. SANTALACEAE — Sanpat-woop FAMILY Herbs, shrubs, or trees, parasitic on the oh of other plants. Leaves opposite or E blades entire. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, the sta minate elustered, the pistillate often solitary. Calyx of 3-6 sepals. Corolla wantin Androecium of 3-6 stamens opposite the sepals on the edge of the hypan nthium. Gynoecium compound. Fruit mostly drupaceous.—About 26 genera and 250 species, mostly tropical. Herbaceous perennials: flowers perfect: stigma capitat 1. COMANDRA. Shrubs: flowers dioecious or DOl amon stigma 2—4- lobe d. Staminate flow els A mbel-like clusters: leaves Ow um leaves pee FT nearly S Hypanthium of the S omina flowers turbinate: anthers connected with the sepals by a tuft of hairs. 2. NESTRONIA. Hypanthium of the staminate flowers flat: anthers not con- 3. BUCKLEYA. nected with the sepals, 4. PYRULARIA. Staminate flowers in racemes: leaves alternate. SANTALACEAE 1249 1. COMANDRA Nutt. Herbs with long rootstocks. Leaves alternate: biades narrow. Flowers perfect, cymose. Style columnar: stigma capitate. Drupe crowned with the persistent calyx.— Five one of them European 1. ta (L.) Nutt. Plant 2-4 dm. tall: leaf- er elliptic, oval, or elliptic- MÀ ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long, Ma stamens 1% long as the p. rupe greenish- ab. mm. STARD LAX.)—Dry ground, thickets, and banks, various pod Ga. i Ar rk., Alb., and N. B.—Spr.-sum.—This the only santa- — genus in "North Jn with more than one species, three additional ed bar ove occurring in western North Amer 2. NESTRONIA Raf. Shrubs with spreading branches. Leaves opposite: blades broad. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, the staminate. umbellate: sepals not veiny. Style conic; stigma 3-4-lobe Drupe of an oval type.—One species. 1. N. umbellula Raf. Shrub 3-10 dm. tall, anes a e E is Sn. varying t or ob sepals broad e p Dus e pores of shrubs and trees with Coniferous trees are often wanting there. 3. BUCKLEYA Torr. Shrubs with 2-ranked branches. Leaves opposite or nearly so, distichous: blades rather broad. Flowers dioecious, the staminate umbellate: sepals vei Style conic: stigma 4-lobed. ny. È Drupe of an d en type.—One eg species. 1. B. distichophylla (Nutt.) Torr. Shrub 2—4 m. tall, the branches pubescent: leaf- g: sepals rounded at the base, green ish, those of the staminate flowers ovate 5-3 mm. lo e pes (AS River-banks, Blue Ridge, nn m Ñ —Spr.sum.—Parasitic on the roots of hem- 3 ii] lock tr The geographi is very EF restricted, only three localities bei defi- QUU. nitely known at present, although others have been reported. The species is in danger of extermination. 19 1250 OLACACEAE . PYRULARIA Michx. Shrubs or trees, with diffuse branches. Leaves alternate: blades broad. Flowers scale or polygamous, racemose. Style short: stigma depressed. Drupe form.—Three species, the following and 2 Asiatie 1. P. pubera Michx. Shrub 1-3 m or l st abo the middle, 4-15 cm. long: sepals ovate, green, 2-2.5 mm. long: drupe 2-2.5 em. long.—(BUFFALO- NU OIL - N - COCONUT. )— B NUT. MOUNTAI River-banks and woods, c Ridge to Ap- palaehian s en Ga. Ala. an gum Spr.-sum.—A. curious 2 b, inconspieuous in sr but obo in fruit by the dan ng- ling which are, at first light-gre and PE yell owish. An oil, oe olive oil, but ill-scented and poisonous, has been pressed from the ‘dru upes Faminy 3. OLACACEAE — Ximenia FAMILY Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves usually alternate: blades e or rarely toothed. Flo wers perfect or polygamous, regular, in dichotomous or raceme-like cymes. Cal f 4—6 small sepals surmounting e mee thium. Corolla a 4-6 distinct or united petals. droecium of stamens. Gynoeec m 3—4-carpellary. Fruit a drupe.—About 25 genera and 140 species, nob tropical. Petals united to above the middle: stamens as many as the cones and oppo- site them: drupe nearly enclosed in iu. disk. SCHOEPFIA. Petals nearly distinct: stamens twice as many as the petals: drupe naked. 2. XIMENIA. 1. SCHOEPFIA Schreb. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire. gi e filled with an elevated disk. Sepals broad. Petals united to val or ovoid. Ovary about 1% inferior.— About 15 species, tropical American d Asiatie. 1. S. chrysophylloides (A. Rich.) Planeh. Shrub or small tree, with pale leaf bad ovate to oblong-ovate, 2-6 cm ong: olla red S. (Fl. SE. U. 8.) ]—(WurrEwoop.)—Coastal and inland 21 pe en. Fl Keys.—(W. I.)—AlIl yea XIMENIA [Plum.] L. Thorny shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire. An without an elevated disk. Sepals minute. Petals nearly dis- RUBIACEAE 1251 tinet. Anthers linear. Ovary nearly supe- rior.—About 5 species, tropieal 1. X. ame a L. Shrub or small tree, with dar ET S leaf- 2 oblong to elliptic or nearl y SO, 3-7 ped ig yellow or yellov Pre po 10 long; lobes ias densely E m sum oadly oval, 14- n 2 Everglade Keys, Fla. and Fla. Keys.—(W. ^ I.)—Spr.-fall, or all year southward.—The ; talow tree has become accommodated to a Í BA variety of soils 2 habitats. These factor are reflected in its habits. In the sterile soil of the ‘‘scrub’’ it is a ae shrub often e poss high; in hammocks it is an erect shrub or small tre Y OrpER RUBIALES — RUBIAL ORDER Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite, sometimes whorled. Flow- ers perfect or polygamous, axillary or cymose. Hypanthium present. alyx of 2 or more often small sepals. Corolla of 3 or more partially united petals. Androecium of as many stamens as there are petals or twice as many. Gynoecium 2-several-carpellary. Ovary wholly or par- tially inferior. Fruit a capsule, a berry, or a drupe. Leaves with stipules adnate to the stem between the leaf-bases. Fam. 1. RUBIACEAE. Leaves without stipules, or if present these adnate to the petiole. Fam. 2. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Faminty d. RUBIACEAE — MappER FAMILY Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves dps or whorled, sh interpetiolar or foliaceous stipules. Flowers perfect or polygamous, regu- lar or nearly so. lyx of 2-6, or more, sepals apenas the h ypan- thium, or ded Corolla of 3-6, or more, more or less united p Androecium of as many stamens as there are De and alternate vit them. onde. $e ral-earpellary. Fruit a capsule, berry.—Abou t 340 aa and 6,000 species, widely distributed: Ed abundant in the tropics Cavities of the ovary with several to many ovules each: seeds several to many. Subfamily I. CINCHONOIDEAE. Cavities of the ovary with a single ovule each: seed solitary. Stipules not folia aceous, usually minute. Subfamily II. COFFEOIDEAE. Stipules foliaceous, nearly or quite as large as the leaf-blades, thus making the leaves ap- pear as in whorls. Subfamily III. GALIOIDEAE. Subfamily I. CINCHONOIDEAE Fruit dry Seed T Ovul very numerous: shrubs or trees. 1. PINCKNEYA. ONDES ts and cor herbs, so S ues woody at the base. epa p panthiu 2. OLDENLANDIA. Top of the ies des extending beyond the hy- panthiu 3. HOUSTONIA. 1252 ‘RUBIACEAE Sepals and corolla-lobes 5. Seed winged. Fruit pulpy. Fruit 2-celle a Flo wers in cym Flowers E Coro we 5, oo Corolla-lobes 4, valva Fruit 5-celled. Subfamily II. COFFEOIDEAE Flowers in dense heads. dier solitary or in open inflorescences. Ovule pendulous. MR wholly or partly adnate to the corolla-tube. d Aere 2 2 the corolla-tube. Inflor nce terminal. Inflo rescence axillary. Ovule not pendul Corolla-lobes e Corolla- lobes valvate. or seed with a basal attachm < me (co Cor e: Flow BES paired, the ovaries unite Ovule or seed ue a lateral attachment. Shrubs or tree Herbs. Ovary 3- or 4-celled. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit drupaceous, the carpels neither de- hiscent nor separating. Fruit not drupaceous, the carpels dehis- cent or d Mature carpels rely separating. ue Dn nite: Suus slen- rolla salverform Styles nnited to the i01 stigm capitate or 2-lobed: corolla in nelform. Mature carpels dehiscent. Fruit septicidal, and both carpels rpels, one ich opens Te the ven- tr dl face, the other remaining closed. Subfamily III. em Stipules foliaceous, usually resembling the leave INCKNEYA Michx. Flowers in corymbose cymes. transformed into leaf- with a stout tube and 5 Stamens 5: filaments adnate to the lower part of the corolla-tube, labrous: anthers ellipsoid, exserted. Cap- sule as wide as long. Seeds flat, wingless.— One species. Shrubs or trees. rather broad uA 1. P. pubens Miehx. Shrub or small tree, with pubescent foliage: leaf-blades elliptic, ral, or ovate, 5-20 em. long, short-petioled: a m Ta 1-1.5 em. long: corolla 4, PENTODON. D. EXOSTEMA. 6. CASASIA. RANDIA S CATESBAEA. 9. HAMELIA. 10. CEPHALANTHUS. 11. GUETTARDIA. 12. ERITHALIS. 13. CHIOCOCCA. 14. STRUMPFIA. 15. PSYCHOTRIA. 16. PAEDERIA. 17. MITCHELLA. 18. MORINDA. 19. RICHARDIA. 20. ERNODEA. 21. DIODIA. 22. DIODELLA. 23. BORRERIA. 24. SPERMACOCE. 25. GALIUM. Leaves with broad entire Sepals 5, 1 or 2 of them, at least in the ike RUBIACEAE 1253 greenish, rd with brown or purple: tube 1.5-2 em. long; lobes as long as the tube or er: iint e subglobose or D ci 2 em. in diameter.— ( FEVER- il T Sa ndy swamps, Coastal Plai QW Fla. to S. C.—Spr sum The numerous bright- ie foliaceous sepals ae the cmd conspicuous on the edges of swamps. . OLDENLANDIA L. Annual or perennial, often diffuse herbs, or woody plants. Leaf-blades mostly narrow. Flowers in axillary or terminal congested cymes. Sepals 4, broad. Corolla rotate, minute: tube very short: lobes broad. Stamens 4: filaments adnate to the base of the corolla-tube. Style very short or wanting. Capsule scarcely longer i the hypanthium, terete or angled.—About 175 species, most abundant in tropieal Asia. Flowers sessile or nearly so, A vd glomerate. Annual plants: sepals ciliate, ac Stee hirsute: leaf-blades ‘short: petioled. m gla brous: leaf-blade sile. etu al plants: sepals ne acusado Flowers on filiform pedicels and peduncles. O. uniflora. O. fasciculata. O. Boscii. O. corymbosa, o m : uniflora L. m 1-4 dm. long, often much branched: leaf-blades is to elliptic, 0.5-2.5 em. long: sepals about 1.5 mm. long: petals about % a lon e^ as the m on or nearly so, ciliate at t ip: capsule 1-1.5 mm. long.-—Moist s soil, Vm Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. Y. — Spr r.—fall, or all year southward. 2. O. fasciculata (Bertol) Small. Stem ng, sometimes diffusely branched: long.—Sandy beaches, swamps, m uddy banks about tide-water, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.—Sum.-fall. 3. O. Boscii (DC. Chapm. Stem weak, uiu ne branehed, 1-3 dm. long: leaf-blades linear or attenuate to the bases, 1-2 em. long: s sepals barely 1. o mm. lon ng: etals triangular or ovate- Run E about o: o mm. long, white or pu urplish: laments finely pubescent: capsule abou . long.—Wet soil, borders of ponds, and di bur UR Plain and adj. provinces Fla. to Tex. Ark., Tenn., and S. C.—Spr.- corymbosa L. Stem erect or Mna and diffuse, i bur long: leaf- blades linear to mang lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long: sepals s about 1 m. long: corolla white, about 2 mm. long; lobes e ‘pubescent within: nns glabrous: eapsule about 2 mm. long. —Roadsides and waste-places, S go Fla.— (W. I., A., O. W.)—Spr.- 3. HOUSTONIA L. Annual or perennial, erect or creeping herbs. Leaf- blades narrow or broad. Flowers in open or compact cymes. Sepals 4, com- monly narrow. Corolla funnelform or salverform: tube long: lobes mostly shorter than the tube. Stamens 4: filaments adnate to above the middle of t eorolla-tube. Style slender. Capsule seated on or in the DONI flattened. —About 35 species, North American. 1254 RUBIACEAE Flowers solitary on terminal pedicels or ae on pedicels axillary to leaf-like bracts, not aggregated into a termina al eym Pedicels erect in fruit. I. CAER Pedicels recurved in fru II. Horeca JYlowers borne in terminal, Nore or less effuse cymes. III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE. I. CAERU Plant oe by slender horizontal Sree or creeping lant T sepals lanceolate: corolla-tube glabrous within. Plant diffusely. E sepals elliptic: corolla-tube pu- bescent withi Plant annual, with slender roots. ene much surpassed by the corolla-tube: capsule about ualling the sepals. Sepals about equalling the corolla-tube: capsule much ex- ceeded by the sepals. 1. H. caerulea. 2. H. serpyllifolia. 3. H. pusilla, 4. H. minima. II. ROTUNDIFOLIAE Plant prostrate, usually in light-green mats: Gron bright- white, starry. 5. H. procumbens. III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE Sepals fully as long as the hypanthiu Sepals conspicuously surpassing the capsule. less than twice as long as the sepals: sepals 6. H. lanceolata. Corolla over twice as long as the sepals: sepals 2-3 S epals subulate to HO OERE during anthesis: corolla-tube 6-7 mm ng. gaa r ovate to ovate-lanceolate during anthesis: : H. purpurea. rolla-tube 9-11 8. H. montana. Sepals slightly reper the capsule. Ho especially those of basal leaves, conspicu- ously e Leaf-blades ‘perfectly glabrous, at least never ciliate. Corolla eom m . long: mature hypanthium and calyx Be 9. H. canadensis. 10. H. longifolia. Corolla 4.5.5 mm. DOE: mature hypanthium and i x 2.5-3 mm. lon 11. H. tenuifolia. Sepals shorter iun the Bn nthiu Ste rect or ascending, sometimas diffusely branched at se, the branches neither spreading nor pros- trate. C apsule much longer than broad, 2.5-3 mm Tod 12. H. angustifolia. Capsule fully as broad as long, 1-1.5 mm lon 13. H. filifolia. Stem n oe d at the base, the branches ae or spre 14. H. pulvinata. . H. caerulea L. Plant often pue e x slender, 2-15 cm. tall: leaf- blades. oval, ovate, or spatulate, 2— m. long: eorolla lilac, n or ane. except the yellow eye, lobes 5-7 mm. ee / capsule 3—4 mm. wide.—(BLUETS. INNO- CENCE.)—Damp grassy n and meadows, various provinces, Ga. to La., Ont, N. $. and Miquelon.—Spr.-sum. serpyllifolia Michx. Plant matted, the stems repne: leaf-blades ovate, ov val, 1-6 mm. ong: corolla ae duro -blue, Qu. the onem Or white eye ds a ls 7 mm. long: e e 2-3 mm. wide. tops n da a lopes, Bine Ridge to Appalachian Piateau, Ga. Va. and Pa.—Spr ncc locally into the Coastal Plain usilla Schoepf. Plant 1-10 em. tall, sometimes sparingly branched: win blades oval, elliptie, or ovate, or sometimes narrowly spatulate to nearly y i. i... c hkALL€ (Ji a e D 1 Qu em TT ME LLL: |, e É'LO EL ÓGááÀG a COLL BMIULLULLALLLLLULLUCA AA dl M RUBIACEAE 1255 p 2—10 mm. e sepals papi 2-2.5 mm. long: corolla deep-blue; imb 6.5-8 mm. wide eapsule 4—5 mm. wide. [H. minor (Michx.) Britton. is d. soil, Coastal Plain, and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., Ill Va.—Spr. 4, H. minima Beck. Plant more or less diffusely pir ser b yis. 1-10 em. long: iim blades pea o ides is ovate, a saa ong: sepals becom- ing 3-3.5 mm. long: corolla lilac or bluish; limb 7 wide: capsule 3—4 mm. wide. —Dry hi illsides, various nd N of meu "Plain, Tenn. o Tex. and Mo.—Spr. H. procumbens (Walt.) ME Plant with Do often PUE stems and branches 0.5-4 dm. long, sparingly pubescent or nearly glabro leaf- era oval to suborbicular, 5-18 mm. long: sepals broadly pias to ce 1-1.5 mm. long: corolla white, ners within: ca m. wide, spar- ingly pie ca “TH. + otundifolia Michx. 1 Sandy xs p in damp pine- lands. Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.—Spr.-fal 6. H. lanceolata (Poir.) Britton. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: ea. of Eod stem- leaves elliptic-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute; sepals linear, 4—8 long recurved at the tip, xd — as long as the i nuum CORE "lac or bluish ; tube 5-6 ni. TP ue 3 mm. pu E —Woods, Coastal Plain and urpurea L. Plant 0.5-4 dm. tall: blades of the stem-leaves subor- bic ular to ovate or elliptic-ovate e to lanceolate and relatively small in H. purpurea. pubescens), 2.5—4.5 em. long: se pals subulate or linear-lanceolate, 2-3.5 mm. Mia out as long as "the hypanthium: corolla lilae, light- -purple or white; tube 6-7 mm. long: capsule 2.5-3 mm. thick.—Moist soil, various prov- inces, Pus Coastal Plain, Ga. io Ark., Ia., and Md.—Spr.-f all. 8. H. montana UD Small Similar to H. purpurea in habit, but typieally smaller: blades of the stem-leaves ovate, 0.5-1.5 em. long: sepals lanceolate to elliptic- prr e at maturity, about 2 mm. long, about as long om as the hypanthium: corolla purple; tube 9-11 mm. long: X e 3-3. thick.—Cliffs, Roan Mt. and vicinity, in the Blue Ridge of N. C. and Tenn. —Sum. H. canadensis Willd. Plant 0.5-2 dm. tall, with the leaves mainly ess mate on a caudex: blades of the stem-leaves elliptic or spatulate, mainly 1-3 e long: sepals elliptic to sar aes -lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, longer than the ae thium: corolla blue; tube 7-9 mm. long: capsule 2—2.5 mm. thick. [H. ciliolata Torr. ]—Woods or rocky soil, RO provinces, Tenn. to Ark., Ont., and : Spr.-sum. 10. H. longifolia cen Plant 1-4 dm. tall, often tufted; blades of the stem- 1- leaves linear to linear-lanceolate or TER -elliptie, 3 c . loi ng: sepals — subulate to buche subulate, 1.5—2 E pr longer than the hyp thium: eorolla pinkish or bluish; tube abou . long: capsule 2-2. 5 e ng Nous E and rocky banks, uia P Ga. to Miss, Mo., 11. H. tenuifolia Nutt. Plant 1-4 dm. an, | blades of the stem- e or whitish; tube 4-5 ong: capsule 1.5-2 m . thi ck.—Dry soil ane usd iE Blue Ridge b Fond E iN Plateau, Ga. to Ala., Ohio, and Va. Spr.- 1256 RUBIACEAE angustifolia Michx. Plant 0.5-3 dm. tall, pu or diffuse: blades the stem-leaves narrowly linear to linear-filiform, 4c . long: sepals ieee 1-1.5 mm. long, much shorter than the hypanthium d maturity: eorolla white or purple-tinged; tube about 3 mm long: eapsule 2.5-3 mm. long, nearly ellip- soid, nearly equalling the sepals —Dry soil, limestone rocks, barrens, and prairies, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Ill.—Spr.-sum. 13. H. filifolia (A. Gray) Small Plant loosely or diffusely Earle. ve dm. tall: blades of the stem- sin narrowly linear to subulate, 0.5-3 ¢ ong: sepals lanceolate, becoming oid, scarcely 1 mm. long: ¢ corolla a purplish; tube about 3 m long, “sparingly pubescent within: a aN globose- obovoid, about 1.5 mm. lon PONE inelands and sandy places, Evergl ade Keys, Fla. and Fla. Keys. —All year 14. H. pulvinata Small. Plant compactly much as 0.8-1.2 dm. tall, the branches angled: blades of the stem-leaves linear or nea ae so, mainly 1- 1.5 m. long, often curved: sepals ovate to elliptic-ovate, "gully T a ioe corolla bluish; tube about 3 mm . long, DUE no scent within: pone obovoid, about 2.5. mm. long.—Sand- -dunes, pen. Fla.—Spr.—fall. 4. PENTODON Hochst. Annual tender herbs. Leaf-blades broad. Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes. ida 5, rather long. Corolla funnel- form: tube short: lobes somewhat shorte in hypanthium, 2-lobed. 2 species, the fol- lowing and 1 African. P. Halei (T. & G.) AS Gray. Plant gla- Bo often diffusely branched and partly ereeping: leaf-blades dap ip to iod or ellip- tie-laneeolate, 1-5 cm. long, entire: hypan- — thium clavate: ie d a gular- a N V f U '( Or eae nin api t 2.5 mm. long: coro a white; tu long: lobes ovate ovate- a “capsule 3—4 mm. long a grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.—Spr.-fal 5. EXOSTEMA L. C. Rich. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades leathery. Flowers axillary or in panieulate cymes. Sepals 5, short. Corolla with slender tube and 5 narrow lobes. Stamens 95: fila- »] i , "T ments adnate to the base the corolla-tube, pubescent below:, anthers rrowly linear, MYA exserted. Capsule dae p eds winged. VAX —About 30 species, tropical American. " E. caribaeum (Jaeq.) R. & S. Shrub or mal tree _ the pai glabrous: leaf- 2.5 1 - sule elipsoid, 10-12 mm. long.—(PRINCE- woop.)—Hammocks, Me 20m Fla. and Florida noc —(W. I.)—8pr.- RUBIACEAE 1257 6. CASASIA A. Rich. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades Ten. n in axillary cymes. Sepals 5, aien or narrow. Corolla with a stout and 5 relatively d lobes. Stam E Pace adnate to the lower part of e corolla-tube: anthers elongate, linear-sagit- tate, included. Berry thick. Seeds angled. —About 8 species, West Indian. 1. C. clusiifolia (Jaeq.) Urban. Shrub or small tree, the bark pale: leaves clustered at vat m. long: nt sepals su runi corolla white; tube 16-20 mm. long; lobes acuminate, shorter than the : mai obovoid em. lo ocks, near the coast, S pen. Fla. and Florida Keys —(W. I.)—All year. 7. RANDIA [Houst.] L. Armed shrubs or trees. Leaves relatively few: blades leathery. Flowers axillary. ed 4—5, short. Corolla with a short nd 5 often very broad lobes. Stam r 5: filaments adnate to near the top P M corolla- ie anthers ellipsoid or linear, partly exserted or included. Berry globular r elongate.—About 100 species, tropical l. R. aculeata L. Sh ub 0.3-3 m. tall: leaves 1.5-5 cm. long; blades nds to n elliptie, or aui pie angu ular to ovate, about 1 mm. long, seam c ME ad nds OF. I. p year. | 2 8. CATESBAEA L. Armed shrubs. Leaves very numerous: blades leath- ery. un axillary. Sepals 4, short. — with a long tube and 4 short lobes. Stamens 4: filaments panei to. the | B base of the corolla-tube: anthers narrow or linear. Berry thiek.—A bout 8 species, West Indian. o . C. parviflora Sw. Shrub 1-3 m. tall: leaves 5-15 mm. long; blades spatulate, obovate or suborbieular, lustrous: sepals = angular to triangular- ‘lanceolate, B " d Se K white; tube campan ong; lobes deltoid, audi. pud a globose, 6-18 mm. long, blue or black.— m and usd (W. I.)—All year.—Fires and stor s hav greatly depleted the zb dl. A limited growth of this shrub. The most extensive 1258 RUBIACEAE growth now extant is on the sand-dunes behind the barrier dune on Bahia Honda Key. 9. HAMELIA Jacq. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades membranous, Flowers in dichotomous cymes. Sepals 5, minute. Corolla with a narrow fluted tube and 5 very short lobes. Stamens 5: filaments adnate to the base of the corolla- tube: anthers linear, included. Berry thick. —About 25 species tropical American. atens Jacq. Shrub or small tree: Po blades d or pane Te 8-15 ong: hypanthium sepals ae Ue mg Med 1.5 em. long; lobes 2-3 mm. long: berry oval or ovoid, 5-7 mm. long, black. [H. erecta Jacq.? |—(HAMELIA. )—Hammocks, Fla. a Keys.—(W. I.)—All year times popularly known as fire-bush on account o ed inflorescence. This shrub his r small tree is most Ap a on the edges of hammocks. Not only are the calyx and corolla red, but also the inflorescence branches and the hypanthium 10. CEPHALANTHUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades thinnish. Flowers in capitate cymes. Sepals usually 4, rounded. Corolla with a long ube and usua S obes. amens è . the corolla: anthers ellipsoid or nearly so Nut-like fruit obpyramidal.—About 6 ap: cies, American and Asiatic. talis L. Shrub or small tree: eat m. elliptic -lanceolate, or ovate-lance- olate, 5-20 e long, ee RE ioled: flower- hen globose, 2.9—3.5 thick: sepals about 0.5 mm. long: sprog white, about 10 Swamps, ponds, low hammocks, and stream S banks, various provinces, Fla. to 'Tex., Calif., Ont., and N. B.—(W. I., Mez. xs Sum.—fall, or all year southwa rd. . GUETTARDA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf. blades thin or thickish. Flowers in i peduneled cymes. Sepals 2-4 or more, short, or obsolete. den a long tube and 4, or more, shorter lobes. Stamens 4-9: filaments nate io ear the top of the corolla-tube: anthers narrow, but short. Drupe Mone. bio Fade 65 species, mostly tropical Ámeriean.—All year. Corolla 6-8 mm. long: leaf-blades strigillose or glabrate, se pues 1. G. elliptica. Corolla 20-25 mm. long: leaf-blades scabro-pubescent, rugos 2. G.8 1. G. elliptica Sw. Shrub or small tree: leaf-blades thin, mainly elliptic, oval, or obovate, 2-4 em. long: corolla pink or reddish; lobes mostly 4: style RUBIACEAE 1259 glabrous: bu dd 8-11 mm. in diameter.— (VELVET-SEED.)—Hammoeks and pinelands, a Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys.— W. I.) cabra Vent. Shrub or small tree: smaller: corolla te o ; lobes mostly 6 or 7: style pubescent: drupe about in diamete (ROUGH VELVET-S —Hammocks and pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla. and Fl an hammocks pen. Fla—(W. I.)—The pinelands are not the normal habitat for these plan a Where ammocks have been destroyed s of the trees E oue adapted to the ONE of the pinelands and persist in much reduced stature, the soil being seant and poor in plant foods. 12. ERITHALIS P. Br. Shrubs. Leaf-blades leathery. Flowers in ter- minal eymes. Sepals ee short or obsolete. Corolla with a short tube and . 9—10 narrow lobes. A s 5-10: filaments | nate to the base "i pA eorolla-tube: indies ellipsoid to linear. Drupe berry- like.—A bout 6 species, tropical American. 1. fru L. Shrub with glabrous foliage: Tes. "blades oval he see tag MM .5— lustrou sepal nute corolla white; lobes elliptic, 3 3-5 mm ius mm. thi in the sands appa rently devoid of nourish- ment. It often grows in large CIE These vary much in height—in some the shrubs are knee high in others head high. 13. CHIOCOCCA P. Br. Shrubs or vines. Leaf-blades leathery. Flow- ers on axillary raceme-like eymes. Sepals 5, short. Corolla with a relatively short tube and 5 shorter lobes. Stamens 5: filaments long, essentially free from the corolla-tube and united around the base of the style:, anthers linear. Drupe somewhat flattened, globular—About 10 species, tropical American.— All year.—SNOWBERRIES Corolla-lobes about 3 mm. lorz: anthers about 3 mm. long: seed. 4-5 mm. long. 1. C. alba. pu o 2 mm. long: anthers about 2 mm. long: seed A 2-2.5 m 2. C. pinetorum. 1. C. alba (L.) A. Hitche. Large, b. diffuse, or podlnins plants: leaf- blades elliptie, oval, or ovate, 3-7 e m. long: corolla white, often becoming 1260 RUBIACEAE yellow; ae 7-8 mm. long: drupe white, .0—6.5 mm. in diameter. LC. racemosa, L.] E nds. pen. Fla. and the Keys. (W. I.) 2. C. pinetorum Bri Small, pipes plant: leaf -blades elliptic or sometimes 0 long: drupe white, 4—4.5 mm. in diameter.— jon Everglade Keys, Fla. and Florida Key —(W. I .)—On the lower Keys a form mu in the hammocks which is more robust than the typical form, but is here E to this species. The Florida Pi enda of Va this genus need extensive study. riations i V the leaves, flowers, ind URN are Ac Marked forms occur in the hammocks of the lower eastern coast, in Big Cypress Swamp, and on th n the Florida Keys. Chiococca alba is ee Pd in the form of a small m on the upper Keys. 14. STRUMPFIA Jacq. Shrubs. Leaf-blades rigid-leathery. Flowers in axillary raceme-like panicles. Sepals 5, short. Corolla rotate, with a very short tube and 5 longer lobes. Stamens 5: adnate by their broad URRU TOS Drupe thick.—One species. S. maritima jud. Much-branched pu- bescent shrub, the branches short- res leaf-blades linear to linear- opt ic, 1-2.5 e long, revolute: sepals triangu ular 2 Men about 1 long, acute: eorolla white, pm lobes ]anceo- late to EE 3-4 mm. long: drupe 4—6 mm. ed white or red. By cmn Vm dunes, and ocks, Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—All year.—Dried fruits los the fragrance of pe cedar wood. 15. PSYCHOTRIA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades thinnish. Flowers in terminal or axillary cymes. Sepals 4—6, short and broad. Corolla with a relatively short tube and 4-6 usually somewhat shorter lobes. Stamens 4-6: filaments adnate to. near the top of the corolla-tube: anthers ellipsoid to oval. rupe thick, often berry-like-—More than 300 species, tropical American.—Spr.— sum., or sporadieally all year. Inflorescence, twigs, and leaves pubescent : corolla-lobes as long as the tube: stone with high ridges. 1. P. Suleneri. Inflorescence, twigs, and leaves glabrous: corolla-lobes shorter than t i DOES Cymes sessile: sepals very shallow 2. P. nervosa. Cymes peduncled : sepals deltoid. 3. P. bahamensis. 1. P. Sulzneri Small. Shrub, the branches pubescent: leaf-blades oy oblong, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, 8-15 cm. long: corolla green; tube 2— RUBIACEAE 1261 . long: anthers piper drupe 5—6 mm. ed scarlet, orange A r yellow. ne tenui- folia Gr iseb. Not v] (Wip FFEE.)— Hammocks, S. pen. Fla. and adj: dn cs (W. I.) od EN Shrub or small tree, the twigs glabro : leaf- blades. Pe s Or elliptie- peser) 6-15 em. long: corolla white; tube 2.5— 3 mm. long anthers oval: drupe ellipsoid, 7-9 m m. long, red or rarely yellow.—( WILD-COFFEE. -)— Hammocks, pen. la. and the Keys.—(W. I.) bahamensis Millsp. Shrub or n tree, the twigs glabrous: au o lance late, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 3-12 c m. long: eorolla white; five 3—4 mm. long: anthers oblong: drupe oval or ‘ellips soid, 6-8 mm. n8, bright- orange.— (BAHAMAN WILD-COFFEE.)—Hammocks, Fla. Ke eys.—(W. I.) 16. PAEDERIA L. Woody vines. Leaves opposite: blades broad, at least relatively so, entire. Flowers borne in dichotomous cymes. Sepals 4 or olla falling away. Seeds flat, eco .—About 18 species, mostly Asiatic em- d UT ofte 0 minate at the apex, rounded, truncate or sub- cordate at the base, e -petioled: pied acute: corolla pale- ilac, 7-9 m ong ; e. lobes about 14 as long as ae tube. apiculate: berry obovoid, cage " em. long.— Thickets and fence-rows, pen. Fla. Nat. of East Indies —Spr.- 17. MITCHELLA L. Undershrubs with creeping stems. Leaf-blades leathery. Flowers in pairs, the hypanthia coalescent. Sepals usually 4, short. Ww be and Two species, the following and 1 Asiatic. 1. M. repens L. Stem and branches matt ted, 1—4 dm. aee leaf- c ovate to orbicular, ish; tube 9-12 mm. long; lobes ovate. to elliptic: oe Em ¢-10 mm. thick, red white PART- RES 2 ar woods, sandy ham mocks, and shaded n often in aeid Boi various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Min nn., and S.—Spr.—fall. A . lobes less than Wy as long as the tube: anthers 1262 |». RUBIACEAE 18. MORINDA [Vaill] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades rather thin. Flowers in capitate cymes, the hypanthia coalescent. Sepals usually 5, minute or obsolete. Corolla with a relatively short the top of the corolla-tube: anthers linear. Drupe united into a fleshy syncarp. —About 40 species, tropical. 1. M. Roioc L. Shr ub or vine: leaf-blades elliptic A cuneate, 5-10 em. long: flowers one synearp 2-3.5 cm. long, yellow.— Hammock and oo pen. Fla. and the Keys.— All yea 19. RICHARDIA L. Annual or perennial diffuse herbs. herbaceous. Flowers in contracted involucrate cymes. Mature carpels separating from each other. [Richardsonia Kunth.]—About 8 species, in the warm part of Ameriea.—Spr.-fall or all year. ; s c 5 mm. long; tube about twice as long as the calyx: mature pi en 3-3.5 cabra 1. R.s Corolla. 3. ri 4 mm. long ; tube E thrice as long as the calyx: mature carpels 2-2.5 mm. lon 2. R. brasiliensis. R. scabra St. Hil Annual, the stems more or less branched: leaf-blades elliptie, arii or piu. 2- 8 em. long: sepals puce e to ovate-lanceolate, becoming 2-2.5 mm. long: corolla white; : ellipsoid: mature e ellipsoid.—Sand soil, ve erie in cult ds, Coastal] Plain, la. to and N. a xe in Ind.— (Mez.) —Nat. m Trop. Am 2. R. brasiliensis (Moq.) G nial, the branches diffuse: leaf- "blades r ellip- 5—4 tic, 1. em. long: sepals ovate to elliptie- ovate, becoming abo m. long: corolla white; lobes e a as long as the tub al: huy | and nde pen. Fla. fS.A 20. ERNODEA Sw. Diffuse or vine-like shrubs. Leaf-blades leathery. Flowers axillary. Sepals 4-6, narrow. Corolla with a long tube and 4-6 relatively long lobes. Stamens 4—6: filaments adnate to the top of the corolla- tube: anthers narrow. Drupe thin-fleshy.—A bout 6 species, tropical —The plants of e following species flower throughout most of the : Sepals about one-third as long as the corolla-tube: anthers linear. 1. E. littoralis. Sepals about one- -half as long as the corolla-tube: anthers narrowly ellipsoid. 2. E. angusta. RUBIACEAE 1263 1. E.littoralis Sw. Stem and branches ipid. l1 fleshy; blades mainly a siege neti uu o, 2-3.5 em. long: corolla white: ; tube mostly r 10 m ong: anther er 2 mm mun Jodi. deese mostly El on a sand- dunes à and rocky shores, southern pen. Fla. an d the Keys.—(W. I.) 2. E. angusta Small Stem and brane 0 leaves firm; blades linear, 2-4 cm corolla usually reddish ; tube mostly less than 10 . long: anthers over 1.5 mm. . J.)—Our two species occupy quite dif ferent hanes but they are both sprawling or creeping vine-like sive: The first spe- cies grows in the poorest soil, the coastal 9 l dunes, where it completely covers large areas of sand with its wiry stems and myri riad lea 21. DIODIA [Gronov.] L. Perennial creeping herbs. Leaf-blades soft- herbaceous. Flowers x ipsi) Sepals 2. Corolla white or pink, salverform, with a long slender tube and 4 narrow lobes. Stamens 4: fi aments adnate to the top of the SU tube, the free portion elongate: anthers linear. Stigmas filiform. Drupe thin- -fleshy, duin About 20 species, mostly American.— Spr.-fall, or all year S.—BUTTO EDS. Corolla-tube over 6 m long: capsule oval or ellipsoid: qnid ciliate, Stem sparingly p hes cent on the angles or nearly gl abro Capsules ellipsoid : leaf-blades narrowed at the base. 1. D. virginiana, Capsules oval: leaf-blades truncate or subcordate at the ase, 2. D. tetragona. Stem hirsute. 3. D. hirsuta. Corolla-t (uo less than 5 mm. long: capsule globular: sepals cilia 4. D. Harperi. 1. virginiana L. Stem branching, 1-15 dm. lo ong, sparingly pubescent on the angles: leaf- s E Du Ma linear- pug 3-8 cm. long, acute als or atuminate: sep ar to ar-lane late, 4-6 mm. long: poss habe m long: fruit 7-9 mm. long.—Low gr ounds, bui ng. Swamps, and stream banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. J. 2. D. di dpa Walt. Stem branching, 2-10 dm. long, the- ird often pubescent: leaf ‘blades spatulate to obovate, usually somewhat rhombic: sepals ovate to ovate- oo 4—5 mm. long: corolla-tube 6.5-7 ong: fruit 4.5-5.5 mm. lon PN sandy Soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. an C. 3. hirsuta Pursh. Stem branching, 1-8 dm Po hirsute throughout: leaf-blades thickish, linear- -spatulate E linear, 2-5 e ong, somewhat acuminate: P subulate- lanceolate, 4— corolla -tube 8-10 mm . long: fruit 7-9 mm, long.—Sandy soil, quise Plain, la. to N. C. 1264 RUBIACEAE 4. D. Harperi Small. Plant smaller than that of the three preceding species, glabrous throughout: leaf spen spatulate to linear, 1-3 em. long, acute, eciliate: sepals lanceolate, 3-4 m. long: corolla-tube 3.5-4.5 mm. long: fruit Aen 5 mm. long.—Pond Ub. “Coastal Plain, S Ga. 22. DIODELLA Small. Annual diffuse herbs. Leaf-blades firm-herba- ceous. Flowers axillary. Sepals 4. Corolla with a relatively short thick tube and 4 broad lobes. Stamens 5: filaments adnate up to the top of the corolla- tube, the free portions very short: anthers oval or ovoid. Stigma capitate or 2-lobed. Capsular fruit crustaceous, lobed. About 15 species, American.— BUTTON-WEEDS Coro lia 4—5 mm. long: fruit hispidulous. 1. D. teres. Corolla 6—10 mm. long: fruit strigillose. 2. D. rigida. 1. D. teres (Walt.) Small Stem or branches 1-4 dm. long, vos wr s or creeping, pubescent:. leaf- per linear or narrowly Daea celal’) 1-4 e long: sepals 4, acute, 1.5- long: corolla white or pinki ish, 4—5 “Jon ng; lobes als ovate to deltoid: "fruit obovoid, 4— 4.5 long. [Diodia teres Walt.]— on p fields, roadsides, open woods, dry sandy 'b anks, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Mich., and Conn. — Sum.—fall. 2. D. rigida uius & Sehlecht.) Small Stem and branches procumbent or r prostrate, finely pear leaf-blades thick, linear to linear-lanceolate, mostly 1-3.5 cm. long, acute, minutely rough-pubescent; stipules : : a e j B pede M un cor 6-10 mm. long or rarely larger; lobes ovate E to ovate-laneeolate: frui a obovoid, 3-3.5 mm. long.—Pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla.— (W. I.)—All yea 23. BORRERIA Meyer. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf-blades herbaceous. Flowers in compact axillary cymes. Sepals usually 2, metimes 4, unequal. Corolla white with a short tube and 4 broad lobes. E: 4: filaments adnate to "a top of the corolla-tube: anthers globular to oval Capsule with each carpel open along the inner face.—About 90 species, in warm and tropical regions.—All year.—The following species are recognized as growing within our range. Borreria ocimoides appears in a multitude of forms, some of which may represent other species when more thoroughly studied. Plant perennial: flowers in a dense terminal glomerule, and sometimes in supple- mentary glomerule in ee upper leaf- axils : leaves fleshy ; blades of the upper ones, at least. narrowly line . B. terminalis. Plant annual: flowers in e in all or many of the leaf-axils: leaves herbaceous; blades not linear. Sepals subulate, ne early or quite as long as the capsule. 2. B. ocimoides. Sepals ovate, much shorter than the capsule. 3. B. laevis. 1. B. terminalis Small. Perennial, 0.5-3 dm. tall, the stems often in colonies: leaf- blades linear- *spatulate to linear, often narrowly so, 1-3 em. long, veinless: Cisco gee re a hte ee ena meh ep a e a ce er FE“ RUBIACEAE 1265 corolla about 3 mm. long; lobes ovate, about as long as the tube. [B. podocephala (FI. E. U. 8.)]— r e e : collected at Pensacola, Fla. It has subulate ealyx- -lobes and a corolla about 5 mm. long, with the lobes mueh shorter than the tube. 2. B. ocimoides (Burm.) DC. Annual, d ora G. F. eyer. B. micrantha du S pen. Fla. and the Keys , Mex., C. A. S. A., O. W.) 9. B. laevis (Lam.) Griseb. Annual, 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic or oval, i 5-6 em. long, veiny: corolla much exce eding the ealyx; lobes abou mm. ong. [Spermacoce id ip T. & G.]—Woods and stream-banks, Coastal A Fla. to La.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 24. SPERMACOCE [Dil.] L. Herbs or woody plants.. Leaf-blades herbaceous. Flowers in dense, axillary cymes. Sepals usually 4. Corolla with a short tube and 4 broad lobes. Stamens 4: filaments adnate at least to the lower part of the corolla-tube: anthers oval or globular. i E with 1 dehis- cent and 1 indehiscent carpel.—Four or 5 species, America Stem and leaves glabrous or near rly Plant perennial: corolla very villous in the throat. 1. S. glabra. Plant annual: corolla A or slightly hairy in the throat. Corolla-lobes shorter than the tube; hypanthium bristly. pubes 2. S. tenuior. ose lobes longer than the tube: hypanthium not istly. 3. S. keyensis Stem and eH hirsute with whitish hairs. 4. S. tetraquetra. 1. labra Michx. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades d varying to broadest below or A the middle, 2-7 em. long: sepals becoming 1.5 mm. long, eciliate or n ers ed lobes elliptic-ovate: fruit about 3 long.—River-banks and low ( grounds, various eh Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Ohio.—Sum. or all year S. - 2. S. tenuior (L.) Lam. Stem 1-5 dm. tall, or p leaf- pa d Or ellip- tic-lanceolate, 2-5 long: sepals finely bristly- D abet enm white; 2 ovate, shorter than the tube: fruit over 2m m. long, coarsely hispidulous.—Hamm Mem Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga.—Spr.-sum. 3. S. keyensis Small Stem and branches prostrate, 1—4 dm. long, glabrous: leaf- d blades elliptic, varying to broadest below or above the middle, or elliptic-lanceo- late, mostly 1—2 cm. long: sepals p) pubeseent: corolla white; lobes ovate, longer than the tube: fruit 1.5-2 m m. long, minutely hispidulous. [S. porto- 80 1266 RUBIACEAE jeg (Fl SE. U. S. ) Open hammocks and sandy places, Florida Keys.— lH 4. S. tetraquetra A. Rich. Stem 2-14 dm. tall, usually branched, hirsute, four- ‘sided: leaf-blades nuc often narrowly so, varying pa nai. adest above or below the middle, aeute; flower- rA b hypanthium hispid: T lanceolate to ih a. 1-1.5 long; co oro whi te, 2— I om ovate, much shorter ‘than the e e, pubescent at the bas 22m fruit ellipsoid, fully 2-2.5 mm. long, hispid.—Pinelands, Bverglade Keys, Fla.— (W. I.)—4A1 yea . GALIUM L. Perennial, or sometimes annual, weak spreading herbs. Leaves with blades and stipules about equal in size. Flowers in simple or branched cymes. Sepals usually obs d Corolla rotate, with 3-5 lobes. mens 3-5. Fruit globular or es ous. About 250 species, widely dis- tributed.—BEpSTRAWS. CLEAVERS Fruit dry. Plants annual. Fk wers in axillary cymules uit densely uncinate-his . APABINA. Fruit slightly granular or singoli II. PARISIENSA. Flowers ra in the axils. III. VIRGATA. Plants perenn Fruit Ua oe spid. Leaves and stipules in 4's; blades not bristle-tipped. IV. eaves and stipules in 6's; blades Ba Vv. TRIFLORA. Fruit smooth and glabrous or "merely rty. orolla brownish or brownish-pur Pos e. VI. LATIFOLIA. Corolla white or greenis sh. VII. TINCTORTA, Fruit fleshy. VIII. BERMUDENSA, I. APARINA Plant with the long weak reclining stems retrorse-scabrous or prickly on the angles. 1. G. Aparine. II. PARISIE Plant o branched, the branches rue scabrous on the angles 2. G. parisiense. III. Vi TA Plant with slender stems and remote od of very short ves and stipules. 3. G. virgatum. IV. PILOSA lowers manifestly Poa Tra 4. G. pilosum. Flowers sessile or ne : 6 riy S Leaf-blades elliptic. "ode to oval: corolla pubescent. . G. circaezans. Leaf-bl o eolate or ovate-lanceolate ; corolla glabrous or nea So. . G. lanceolatum. V. TRI Plant fragrant in drying: leaf-blades pu Hp E T. G. triflorum. VI. LATIFOLIA Leaf-blades ides lanceolate, 3-veined: fruit smooth. 8. G. latifolium. Leaf-blades narrowly or linear-lanceolate, mostly i1-veined: fruit innate" M Ae 9. Œ. arkansanum. VII. TINCTORIA Leaf-blades obtuse or merely acute. Corolla-lobes 3, obtuse: cn scabrous. 10. G. Claytonii. Corolla- C. 4, Beute: 'stem smooth. Stip as large as in SER or nearly so : fruits when efc 3-3.5 m 11. Œ. tinctorium. a much a aud. narrower than the leaves: fruits when didymous 4-5 mm. wide. 12. G. filifolium. Leaf-blades cuspidate. 18. G. asprellum. VIII. BERMUDENSA Leaf-blades linear or nearly so. 14. G. uniflorum. Leaf-blades elliptic to oval. l 15. G. bermudense. RUBIACEAE 1267 1. G. Aparine L. Plant reclining, 1-15 dm. long, the stem retrorse-scabrous or prickly: leaves, and stipules, with linear- peepee blades 1-8 cm. long, the upper side with short stout ges (small- leaved, abun ndantly fruited, Roni h longer- hispidu ulous fruits in G. Aparine Valllanis ): eorolla Saran Jobes ar ae o mm aeute: fruit 3—5 mm. t e il, ee various provinces, Fla. to d pum 5 Ont., and N. B.—( Eurasia.) —Spr.- . G. parisiense L. Plant 1.5-3 dm. tall, the stem retrorse-scabrous on the angles: . Much fruit about 0.5 mm. thick, Bier rough ened.— Fields and roadsides, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, N. C. to Tenn. and Va. Nat. of —Sum. 3. G. virgatum Nutt. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the stem hispid, with short p nodes: leaves and stipules with linear-elliptie blades, 3-10 mm s ng, very hispid on the margin and midrib: corolla white; lobes ovate, less t an 1 2n long, glabrous: fruit about 3 mm. thick, uncinate. hispid, (glabr ous 25 smooth like the foliage, c virgatum eigear pum) — Dry soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Tenn. to La., Tex., and Mo. | G. pilosum Ait. Plant 3-8 dm. tall, the stem p 4-angled above the swollen nodes (or internodes merely pubescent with uncinate hairs on the angles in G. pil loswm ilo m puncticu l in G. um pam aule): leaves and stipules, with ov pidas i elliptic blades 8-10 mm. long, sparingly pubescent, pe ellucid- eine ben : corolla yellowish bs des ; lobes ovate to lanceo- late, about 1.5 mm pera "fra it about 4 hiek, uncinate-hispi ee wo di shaded banks, fence- 2 and thi coe various pode Fla. to Tex. , Ont., and Mass.—(W Sum. 5. G. circaezans Michx. Plant 2-4 dm. tall, the stem glabrous or sparingly m leaves and stipules with elliptic-ovate or oval blades 15-30 mm. long, or more, iaa gly pubeseent: eorolla greenish; lobes ovate, acute, less than 2 mm. long: fruit about 5 mm. thick, uncinate- his spid.—( WILD- Ton, Minn, —Dry woods, ae a and open banks, various prouncen Fla. to Tex., Min and Que.—Sum 6. G. lanceolatum Torr. Pe i aud pubescent in parts, the stem branched at the base, mostly 2.5-6 dm s and stipules shorter than the inter nodes, 30— 75 mm . long; bla des - e ide leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceo- late, acute or slightly acuminate, sparingly pubescent, especially on the veins beneath, 3-ribbed: iar few, sessile on the spreading cyme-branches: corolla glabrous or nearly so, 3-5 mm. broad, pene or yellowish, becoming purple; lobes 4, slender- reed fruit as in G. E —Dry thiekets and in woods, various D. N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Ky., Ont., and Que.—Sum et B. B ct © D G. ps orum Michx. Plant reclining, sweet-scented in drying, the ste 3-10 dm. long, sparsely hispid or rarely od leaves Ls stipules in 6's, uin broadly linear to elliptic blades 1-8 . long, the margins and midri hispid: flowers relatively few, 3 together a the m peduneles: eorolla 1268 RUBIACEAE greenish or r yellowish: -white; lobes fully ae 5 mm. long: fruit about 3 mm. thick, uneinate-hispid.—(S WEE ET-SCENTED BEDS w.)—Thickets and woods, a provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Alas., Ont, a Ne NE Urano )—Spr.-s 8. G. latifolium Michx. Plant 3-6 dm. tall, the stem glabrous (hispid, like the leaves, in G. latifolium E 2. leaves ind hb ules Rios h br oadly ] lanceolate blades 3—6 em. long: corolla brownish; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acumi- ‘nate, about 2.5 mm. long: fruit about 2.5 mm. thick, ay ane slightly fleshy. — Woods, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Al a. and Pa.—Sum 9, G. arkansanum A. Gray. Plant about 3 dm. tall, the stem glabrous below, Re seabrous above: leaves and stipules with narrowly or linear-laneeolate blades 25—40 mm. long, seabrous on the margin and midrib, x pellue cid- puntate e corolla brownish purple: lobes ovate-lanceolate, cuminate about 2.5 mm. long: fruit 2-2.5 mm. thick, glabrous.—Dry soil, a in rocky woods, various a N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Okla. and Mo.— 10. G. Claytonii Michx. Plant more or less diffuse, 1.5-6 dm. tall, the stem retrorse-seabrous on the angles: leaves and stipules mostly in 5 6’s, wit linear-spatulate or spatulate-elliptie blades ae mm. long, obtuse, with scabrous sal oe and midrib: corolla white; lobes about 1 mm. long: fruit ee 1.5 thick, Sta oi BA: shes and ditches, various provinces, N. C. to Tex., Nebr., and Que.—Spr 11. G. tinctorium L. Plant 1.5-2.5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous or nearly so: leav 7 and stipules mostly in ev with h linear-lanceolate blades 15-25 mm. long; (plants decumbent MS linear-spatulate leaves, in G. tinctoriwm , forida anum) : flowers 2 or 3 i y nal elusters: corolla white; lobes about 1 m ong: fruit, when didymous, 3-3.5 mm. wide, smoot amp shaded Uc. sw T and Ww thickets, n pA Fla. to Tex., Ariz., Nebr., and Que.—Spr.-sum., all year southward. 12. G. filifolium (Wiegand) Small. Plant 1.3 dm. tall, the stem and branches diffuse, more or less spr E in age, glabrous: leaves and ds pes ul in 4's, with very narrowly linear blades mostly m cm. long: in Era n d i pedicelled : corolla white, about 1 m m. long: fr ur nun d idy- wide, glabr me pinelands, swamps, and stream- -banks, Col ‘Plain Ga. 46 N. Cer 13. Œ. asprelum L. Plant reclining, the stem 3-16 dm. long, retrorsely sca- brous or prickly: leaves and stipules in 6’s, with elliptic- spatulate to elliptic blades 1-2 em. long, the margins and midrib scabrous: flowers very numero corolla white; lobes fully 1.5 mm. long: fruit about 2.5 mm. thick, smooth and gla rous.— (Rove GH-BEDSTRAW. )—0 pen swamps and moist thickets, various provinces, N. C. to Nebr., Ont., and ee eee 14. G. uniflorum Michx. Plant evergreen, about 3 dm. tall, - stem smooth and glabrous: leaves and stipules with linear blades 25—28 mm. long, aeute, glabrous Mu flowers solitary in pairs: corolla white; lobes QM ovate, about 2 mm. long: fruit about 1.5-2 mm. thick, baccate, gla rous.—Dry * woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—Sum. 15. G. bermudense L. Plant evergreen, diffuse, the stem 1-6 dm. long, his- pour or oe a and stipules oval or elliptic, 5- 20 mm. long, mm. thick, ba itin Bud y smooth and glabrous. Ed hispidulum nice um Dry sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. (V. I.)—Spr.- - m CAPRIFOLIACEAE 1269 rardia arvensis L. with the habit of Galiwm, but uo funnelform corollas, ‘has been found in grass plots in northern Fla. and i in Ten S 2. CAPRIFOLIACEAE — HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY Shrubs, Die. vines, or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite: iu entire, toothed, r pinnate. Flowers mostly perfect, in terminal or axil- lary cymes, or ire alyx of mostl in | y 4 or 5 minute or en sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 partly united petals, often irregular. droe- cium of 4 or 5 stamens: filaments partly adnate to the corolla-tube. ue eium 2-5-carpellary. Ovary inferior. accate, drupaceo or capsular.—About 12 genera and 300 species, mostly in the e Hemisphere. Corolla rotate to urceolate, regular or nearly so: stigma 3-5-lobed: style wanting or very short, Tribe I. SAMBUCEAE Corolla tubular to tubular-campanul ate or trumpet-shaped, often irregular: stigma capitate: style PONEI: II. LONICEREAE. I EAE Leaf-blades pinnate: drupe berry-like ud: se s nutlets. 1. SAMBUCUS. Leaf-blades simple: drupe with one nutlet. 2. VIBURNUM, II. LONICEREAE MEE. axillary : herbs. Flow in axillary or terminal clusters or open cymes: jf ros or vines. pon e 3. TRIOSTEUM. SS short: stamen ns adnate up to corolla-tube. 4. SYMPHORICARPOS. Corolla elongate, nearly tubular; tube gradually : stamens not adnate up to the top of the corolla-tube. . PHENIANTHUS. Corolla irregular; limb 2- lippe ed. Flowers in pairs each of which terminates an axil- ary peduncle, E nied by a pair of r Bracts minute, v different from the leav corolla-tube gibbous at the base: upHeht Shrubs. 6. XYLOSTEON, Bracts foliaceous, resembling the eaves: corolla-tube no pi COLD = the base: vines. 7. NINTOOA. Flowers in whorls the ends of the branches, the t aud usually some of the E pairs of leaves connate-perfoliate. 8. LONICERA. Fruit capsular 9. DIERVILLA. 1. SAMBUCUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with pithy stems blades perdis Flowers white, in thyrsoid or flat-topped cymes. Sepals small. Anthers ellipsoid or oval. Ovary 3-5-celled. Nee with 3- 5 nut.ets— About 25 OR widely rid —Spr. or all year S.—ELDERS. Leaf- Cyme flat-topped or slightly convex: fruit dark- -purple to black. Lateral s S IRSE toothed, or the lower pair rarely with a ateral p 1. S. canadensis. Lateral leaflets, at least the lower pair, pinnately 2- or 3- foliola 2. S. Simpsonii. Cyme corps. rounded: fruit red. |. 8. S. pubens. Cana Shrub with soft wood and white pith: leaflets red 1L the a SE the lateral ones elliptic, lanceolate, ovate or oval, 3—14 e 1270 CAPRIFOLIACEAE long, serrate with m teeth: cyme mer ne convex: eo rolla 5-6 mm. wide: c 4—5 m n dia ter.— (COMMON- ELDER.)— Open piace. ees river- ee and sw m various provinces, Ga. to , Man., and N. B. Simpsonii pcs Tall shrub or small tree ACA wh e pith: leaflets 5-9, the blades Vd ae end ones elliptie or nearly so, 3-8 long, ad eyme flat: corolla 5-6 mm. in meter. EL S ER. Eom Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.—Forms vast thiekets in the Lake Okeechobee region and the coastwise lagoons of southern Florida, where it blooms throughout the ar. 3. S. pubens Michx. Shrub with brown pith: leaflets 5-7, the blades lanceo- late, elliptic, or oblanceolate, ee qd oval, 5-15 em. ong: eyme thyrsoid: prota 4-5 mm. wide: drupe m. in diam ete r.— ( RED-BERRIED ELDER.) — cm hillsides and rocky i. * pTue Ridge and more northern provinces, Ga. o Colo., Calif., Alas., Ont., and Newf. 2. VIBURNUM [ Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the stems not pithy. Leaf- blades simple. Flowers in round-topped cymes. Sepals small. Corolla white. Anthers oblong. ary l-celled. Drupe with a single stone-—About 100 species, widely distributed.—Spr.-sum.——ARROW-WOODS. EE with some of the marginal flowers radiant and sterile: drupe red to scar- I, ALNIFOLIA. Ge GS i marginal flowers: drupe blue or dark- purple .Leaf-blades palmately veined or palmately lobed. II. ACERIFOLIA. n Pa veined, entire or toothed. Filaments as long as the corolla or longer: leaves with n distinetion between blades and NM Leaf-blades m straight pinnate veins which ter nate in the teeth: stone of the drupe od. roove III. DENTATA. Leaf- blades with curved veins which anastomose near . the entire or toothed margin: stone flat and even. IV. PRUNIFOLIA. Filaments much shorter E the corolla: leaves without distinetion between blade and petiole. V. OBOVATA. I. ALNIFOLIA Shrub with diffuse or procumbent, sometimes creeping (rooting) branches 1. V. lantanoides. II. ACE Leaf- Pire with salient lobes, the teeth pare ee acute or flar 2. V. acerifolium. Leaf- blades. merely tooth ae i obseurely lobed, the teeth rounded or relatively blu 3. V. densiflorum. III. DENTATA Leaf-blades sessile or very short-petioled. 4. Y. Rafinesquianum. bo m uis cidedly petioled, sometimes relatively long- io E of the leaf-blades glabrous or merely with tufts a hairs in the aoe of hen n ns. Corolla 5-6 m wide: dru globos 5. nta Corolla Scot * E wide: TUO aL Ur 200 oid. 6. Y. aad. Lower surfaces of the leaf-blades stellate-pubescent. 7. V. a EI oti tu d CAPRIFOLIACEAE 1271 IV. PRUNIFOLIA C vime peduncled. Peduncles shorter than the cymes 8. V. cassinoides. Peduncles as long a nee cymes or longer. 9. V. nudum Cyme sessile or near Leaf-blades prominently acuminate, serrate. 10. V. lentago. Leaf-blades obtuse or merely acute, phis te. Petioles and leaf-surfaces glabrous or nearly so: Stone of the drupe elliptic. 11. V. prunifolium. Petioles and leaf-surfaces more or less PE red- tomentose: stone orbicular or yea rly 12. V.rufotomentosum. V. OBOVATA . Drupe 6-7 mm. long; stone turgid, suborbicular. 13. V. obovatum. Drupe 10-11 mm. long; stone flat, enie obora ies 14. V. Nashii. 1. V. lantanoides Michx. gie ed shrub: leaf-blades ovate to suborbicu- a ut em. long, serrate: sepals ovate, about 1.5 mm. long, pubescent: cor wide (those of the uc al ones uds ; p^ lobes ovate: drupe 10—15 m. long. [V. ~ ie e ze U. 83] —( HOBBLE- BUS WITCH- HOBBLE. )—Dam n woods, "Blue "Ridge, an more northern provinces, N. C. to Mich. and N. B. 2. V. acerifolium L. Erec ped us long: long, bla ok or pur E e-bla ack.—Rocky hillsides, woods, and t hickets, various prov- inces, Ga. to Ont., and N. B. 3. V. densiflorum Chapm. Erect shrub: leaf-blades bur eect toothed or sometimes sli ightly 8 -lobed: sepals deltoid, abou long: hypanthium pubescent: corolla-lobes mostly ovate: drupe ellipsoid, 8.9 mm long.— Wooded oes, Coastal Plain, W Fla. (and Ala.?) 4. V. Ra afinesqui ianum Sch B Nob Ps blades ovate to elliptie or sub- orbieular, sharply serrate-dent 2-7 e ong: eorolla-lobes d ovate: filaments Pont equalling the ju. jobs: us ellipsoid, 7—9 mm. long, black or nearly s [V. pubescens (Ait.) uL em woods, Blue 2 and more d provinees, Ga. to Minn. and Que 5. V. de e L. Shrub: leaf- ari oe oval, or ovate, sharply dentate, 3-8 em. long; petioles over ong: corolla- lobes reniform: fila- ments much exceeding yt coroll lobes? “drupe globose: ovoid, 5-6 mm. ‘long, deep-blue or nearly black.— (ARR veer thi ickets, swamps, and meadows, various Gracies a to md and V. bracteatum E Shrub: leaf-blades ovate, often broadly so, erenate- a 5-12 em. long; petioles mostly less than 15e . long: corolla-lobes obovate: filaments mostly longer than the corolla-lobes: y oval or ovoid, about 1 em. long, bluish-black.—Banks of the Coosa River, A opalania Val- ley, Ga. V. semitomentosum (Miehx.) Rehder. Shrub: on blades diodes ru broadly ovate or elliptic, crenate-dentate, 3-9 cm. long: corolla 5-8 mm. wide: filaments slightly exceeding the corolla- lobes: drupe Boba: ra 8-9 m mm. long 1272 CAPRIFOLIACEAE deep-blue.—Low ground and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Pa. A counter-part of this species in the Blue Ridge province of Ga. and ad Tenn large Baba. leaf-blades in V. carolimianum Ashe. A plant with sparingly pubescent foliage and pus leaves (2.5-6 in S Miss., has been described as V. Ashei Bush.—V. en chx., with ellip- soid fruits about 1 cm. long, ranges from Ky. to Mo. "nd L 8. V. cassinoides L. Shrub: leaf-blades m dad d ovate-lanceo- late, or oblanceolate, undulate or erenate, 3-8 c . lon rolla 4-5 mm. wide: filaments much exceeding the corolta-lobes : du ovoid. or globose-ovoid, 6-9 mm. long, deep-blue or rarely pink.—(W ITHE-ROD. WILD-RAISIN. SWAMP- HAW. Ti and wet woods, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Man., and New 9. V. nudum L. Shrub: leaf-blades thick, oval-ovate, elliptic, m lanceo- late, or oblanceolate (linear-elliptic or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate in V. nudum if oli iti ulate in 10 mm. long, deep-blue.—(PossUM-HAW. Sw HAW.)— —Swamps and low grounds, often in acid soil, Coastal Plain and ad eem Fla. to Tex., Ky., EL o . Lentago L. Shrub or tree: leaf-blades ovate to obovate or rarely sub- t RS finely and sharply serrate, 4-10 em. long: sepals mostly acute or acutish: corolla-lobes ovate: filaments pad as long as i corolla or nearly so: dr dps oval, 10-12 m i dr bluish-blaek.—(NANNYBERRY. SHEEPBERRY. WILD-RAISIN. SWEET- eee )—Woods and banks of Seed various prov- inces, Ga. to Mo., Man., and Que. 11. V. prunifolium L. Shrub or tree: leaf- bbs thinnish, oval varying t ovate or obov sea or rarely suborbicular, finely, sometimes obscurely, ae 2.5-5 em. long: sepals obtuse: corolla-lobes ethical ar: filaments much less than ee as long as the corolla: drupe elliptic, sometimes oa 0; 7-9 mm. long bluish-black under the blo om.— (BL ACK-HAW. STAG-BRUSH. SLOE.)— Red woods and open banks, various provinces, Ga. to Ark., Kans., Mich., and Conn. 12. V. rufidulum Raf. Shrub or small tree: leaf-blades thick, elliptic, or nearly so, die 4—10 em. long: corolla in mm. wide: drupe broadly oe 10-14 seed long, deep-blue under the blo [V. 010000 800. Small. (SOUTHERN BLACK-HAW.)—Woods, thickets, hammocks, and bluffs, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Va. 13. V. obovatum Walt. Shrub or small tree: leaf- bonn oblanceolate, cuneate, or oe 1.5-6 em. long, entire or slightly toothed near the apex: corolla 3-6 wide: fi eene scarcely equalling the core kes drupe oval, 6-8 m pens "lack. — (Sita -VIBURNUM.)—River-swamps and low hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to 14. V. Nashii Small. pig ie small E leaf-blades suborbicular or broadly obovate to spatulate, 4—5 e ong, more or less erenate: dr Dos ellipsoid, 10—12 mm. long, black—(NASH’S- e ) — River- swamps, Fla 3. TRIOSTEUM L. Herbs with simple stems. Leaf-blades entire, some- times connate-perfoliate. Flowers axillary. Sepals foliaceous. Corolla yellow, greenish-yellow, or maroon. Filaments adnate to the lower part of the corolla- CAPRIFOLIACEAE 1273 tube. Anthers linear. Ovary 3-5-eelled. Drupe leathery or fleshy. About 6 species, the following and 3 Asiatie.—Sum.—HORSE-GENTIANS. FEVERWORTS. Leaf-blades AME to the sessile or slightly connate-perfoliate bases Leaves less n thrice as long as broad: corolla dull-red. 1. T. TE um. Leaves over piece as long as broad: corolla yellowish. . angustifolium. Leaf-blades with broadly.dilated connate-perfoliate bases. 3. T. perfoliatum. 1. T. aurantiacum Bicknell. Similar to T. angustifolium in habit: blades of the ee leaves ieee -elliptie to elliptic. ene 15-25 em. long: sepals 12-20 mm. lon rolla 14-20 mm. long: ^ drupe 12-14 mm. c d sed nel thiekets, and rich hillsides, variou s pro .inees, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C. o Minn. and Que. . T. angustifolium L. Stem hirsute or softly hispid, 3-9 dm. tall: blades of the up , d provinees, Ala. to La., Mo., onn perfoliatum En pom softly bod eni the upper leaves pu b P oval, 10 m. long: ua age ong: corolla 12-15 m long: drupe 8- 12 mm ong.— (WILD zo in 'S-WEED.) —Rich woods and thickets, various irr rub. Coastal Plain Ala. to Nebr. and Mas 4. SYMPHORICARPOS [Dil.] Ludwig. Shrubs with much branched stems. Leaf-blades entire, or lobed on shoots. Flowers in spikes or racemes. Sepals minute. Corolla white or red. Filaments adnate to the top the corolla-tube. Anthers ellipsoid. Ovary 4-celled. Berry drupe-like, d. with 2 nutlets. About 10 species, North American.—Sum. Style glabrous: drupe white: corolla pale. 1. S. albus. Style pubescent : drupe red or purple: corolla dark. 2. S. Symphoricarpos. 1. S. us (L.) Blake. Shrub 1-2 m. pem Ds twigs and leaves glabrous leaf- blades ap ee or suborbicu mei 3-6 cm. long: flowers short- pedicelled: corolla bra us ps "s 6-7 n pe [S. oon Michx. e ‘Rocky dod. and river-banks, various provinces, N. Calif., B. C., and N. S. 2. il Symphoricarpos (Lo) MacM. Shrub 1-2 tall, the twigs and leaves pubescent: leaf- blades ovate, n or elliptic, 1—4 em. ong, or rarely "lar flowers sessile or nearly so: corolla greenish -red, 2.5-3.5 m long: drupe ys long. [S. vulgaris Michx. ]— (CoR B INDIAN-CURRANT. ) —Thickets, edges of woods, and roadsides, various provin Ga. to Tex., N. and Na Y. dnd eastward. 1274 CAPRIFOLIACEAE 5. PHENIANTHUS Raf. Woody vines or diffuse shrubs. Leaf-blades entire, the upper pairs of bracts often connate-perfoliate. Flowers in sessile xilary clusters. Sepals very small. Corolla-elon- 7 gate, bright-colored: tube slightly ventricose near A S he base. Berries subglobose, usually clustered.— About 6 species, mostly North American. 1. P. sempervirens (L.) R Twining vine, the twigs glabrous: leaf-blades een or broad, mostly 2-9 em. long, glaucous and often ease beneath: sepals very a corolla 3.5—4.5 long, eae red without, yellow within, or nete ENT angie: lobes m ostly 4—5 mm. long, obtuse, the lower lobe often nar- rower than the upper lobes: filaments 4—4.5 mm. long: berry red or orange. [Lonicera sempervirens L.|-—(TRUMPET-HONEYSUCKLE. CORAL-HONEYSUCKLE, WooDBINÉ.)—Thiekets, woods, swamps, and fencerows, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and Me. 6. XYLOSTEON B. Juss. Erect shrubs. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers in pairs at the end of an axillary AGE. pa ae by 2 minute bracts and 2 bractlets, the hypanthia more or less united. Sepals minute or obsolete Corolla relatively short: tube e a at the i Berry distinct or didymous. out a dozen species, in the north temperate zone.—HONEYSUCELE. Corolla funnelform, the lobes shorter than the tube. 1. X. ciliatum. Corolla 2-lipped, the lobes as lo ong as the tube. 2. X. fragrantissimum. X. ciliatum (Muhl) Pursh. Shrub 0.5-2 m. tall: leaf-blades thin, ovate or r oval- -ovate, 3-8 em ee ciliate: corolla yellowish, about 1.5 cm. long; t tube preminently gibbous at the base: stamens and styleq in uel or style fed berry ovoid or oval-ovoid, | w MZ —10 long, red.—(FLYv-HONEYSU UCKLE. )—Ro ocky (2 woods, 1 Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, N. C. to Minn. and N. pr. a - dragrastissinum Lindl. & Im dieu obovate, 15d. em. long, pale beneath: eor olla white » a 1 em. I base: berry 6- Roadsides | Es and about Eds pie in EU Piedmont of Ga. Nat. of China.— Wint.-spr. 7. NINTOOA Sweet. Woody vines. Leaf-blades entire, or pinnatifid on young shoots. Flowers in pairs terminating axillary peduncles, accompanied by e h erries distinct—Four or 5 species, Asiatic. 1. N. japonica ue, Sweet. Diffusely creeping vine CAPRIFOLIACEAE 1275 HONEYSUCKLE.)—Woods, banks, sand-dunes, throughout the E U. S. Nat. of Asia. This species has a red-leaved, red-stemmed, and red-flowered "RA 8. LONICERA L. Woody vines. Leaf-blades s or lobed on shoots. Flowers in sessile axillary elusters. Hypanthium shor epals minute. rolla mostly 2-lipped: tube more or less gibbous at the iu Berries austere’: —About 80 species, mostly in the north temperate zone.—Spr._sum.—HoneEy- SUCKLES. WOODBINES Corolla-tube glabrous m 1. L. Caprifolium, Corolla-tube pubescent with e uds abruptly gibbous at the base. Cor glabrous withou 2. L. dioic Cor olla pubescent wi ithou 3. L. Her Corolla-tube. Ve gibbous at the bas Style pubes Ea t: corolla pale-yellow : laments pubescent e the 4. L. Sullivantii. Style glabrous : corolla deep-yellow or orange: filaments Gorolla tuhé about 15 mm. long, eopiously pubescent within: filaments as long bs the corolla-lips. 5. L. flavida. Corolla-tube about 20 long, g labrous sparingly pubescent within : filaments Soter , than the corolla-lips. 6. L. flava. 1. caprifolium L. "di twining vine, the twigs often pubescent: leaf- ea UR oval, id uds , 2-7 em. long: corolla purple without; tube 2.5-3 e long; limb id fading yellow berry red. —Thickets and woods, various | >< und Ga. to La., Mich., and N. Y. Nat. of Eu. | 2. L. dioica L. A diffuse or twining v FA c glabrous: c se "aliis, ova long: ov Mis yellowish B pes with purple; tube 10-12 m Eos [L. glauca Hil]— | (MOUNTA nons KLE. lk S banks | and dry hil sides, Bhe Ridge and more . nih eap. Ga. o Ms. , Man., and Que.—In the typical plant the | seals the. eorolla- ii . bas A form of N. d with "the pets ees up, thus Smg a stipe-like base to the corolla-tube. . L. glaucescens Rydb. A ae vine, the twigs ghee sparingly pubes- cent: leaf-blades oe 9-12 em. long: visam glaueous (or glandular and more o E r less escent in L. poe dy dasygyna) : KIA S or becom- ing reddish; tube 8-1 10 mm. long.—Thickets and ravines, Blue Ridge and more northern m N. C. io Okla., Sask., and Ont 4, L. Sullivantii z b ay. A twining vine, the twi igs glabrous: leaf-bl ades d oval, or obovate, 2.5-8 cm. long: corolla pale-yellow; tube stout, as long s the lips o slightly a Mia! oe various pa N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Wisc. and Ont 5. L.flavida Cockerell. A traili ing or twining vine, the ys green: leaf- blades oblanceolate to elliptic or rhombic-ovate, 8-12 ong: corolla light-yellow; tube stout, longer than the lips. [L. pes Sal not Dippel ]—Bluffs and shaded banks, Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn. and K 1276 VALERIANACEAE 6. L. flava Sims. A twining vine, the twigs green, glabrous: leaf-blades oval or ovate, or rarely obovate or elliptic, 3-9 em. long: co orolla orange- a tube slender, much longer than the lips.—Rocky woods, various provi s N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., and N. C. 9. DIERVILLA [Tourn.] Mill. Shrubs. s with mostly toothed blades. Flowers in dichotomous cym Hypanthium elongate. Sepals 5, narrow. orolla unequally 5-lobed. are es e. 'Three species, as follows :—Spr.-sum. Leaf-blades petioled, ciliate 1. D. Diervilla. Leaf-blades sessile or nearly so, not ciliate. Le m pe glabrous beneath or essentially so: capsule 9-12 D. sessilifolia. Leaf-blades pubescent beneath: capsule 5-6 mm. long. 2 D. rivularis D. Diervilla (L.) Mae Shrub 5-15 dm. tall, the twigs terete: leaf- blades oval to pre -ovate, 3—15 em. ud sepals 4-5 mm. long: corolla ird turning red reddish: capsule gradua long- "beaked. TD. trifida Ning need —Rocky wo inces, in Coastal Plain only northward, Ga. to Mi ch., Man., and Newf. 2. D. sessilifolia Buckl. Shrub 5- tall, er fae pubescent in lines: leaf- blades 3 e ` corolla greenish-yellow: capsule Wir short- D the body ellipsoid.—Mt. w Blue Ridge to d decia Plateau, Ga., " Ala., Tenn., and N. C. aris Gattinger. Shrub 5-20 dm. by the Dis ae pubescent: t blades po to elliptie- Tu 3-8 e lon ng: als mm. long: d yellow: eapsule gradually long- beaked, the ie Qs D —Damp oods and r rocky banks, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala., Tean. pe N. C. OrpER VALERIANALES — VALERIANAL ORDER Caulescent or rarely acaulescent, succulent, coarse or woody plants. Leaves opposite: blades entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers mainly per- et. Calyx of partly united sepals, pappus-like, or obsolete. Corolla of 2—5 partly united petals. Androecium of usually fewer stamens than there are petals. Gynoecium 1-3- -earpellary. Ovary inferior, 2 of the carpels commonly abortive. Fruit an achene, or nut-like. Gynoecium 3- carpellary, but with two of the cavities empty: flowers not in involu- ads. crate he Fam. 1. Te even MM TEE 1- -earpellary : flowers in dense involucrate eads. Fam. 2. MORINACEAE. Famity 1. VALERIANACEAE — VALERIAN FAMILY Annual or perennial, caulescent, succulent herbs. Leaves opposite: blades et or pinnately divided. owers in variously disposed cymes. Calyx of 3—5 sepals, or sometimes pappus-like, or obsolete. Corolla of 3-5 VALERIANACEAE 1277 dein united petals: tube often swollen or spurred. Androecium of 1-4 stamens: filaments adnate to the coro a ube. Gynoecium 3-carpellary but aa 1 earpel fruetiferous. Ovary inferior. Fruit a kind of leathery or erustaeeous nutlet— About 9 genera an 300 species, widely distributed. Sepals becoming bristle-like or awn-like: fruit 1-celled : tall herbs often with divided 1. leaf-bl ades VALERI IANA. Sepals minute or wanting: fruit 3-celled: low herbs with undi- vided 1 leaf-blades, 2. VALERIANELLA. VALERIANA [Tourn.] L. Perennial T scented herbs or vines. Leaf- zn entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Flowers perfect, in compact cymes. Calyx with’ an inrolled limb which Bis expands and develops 5-15 plumose Ede Corolla funnelform or salverform. Stamens 3 or fewer. Fruit 1-celled, the 2 abortive carpels appearing as 4 ridges. —About 175 species, most aana in the cooler parts of the north temperate zone and the mts. of outh America. Corolla 1.5-2 mm. long : fruit pubescent : upper stem-leaves ternate. 1. V. scandens . Corolla dE 20 mm. long: fruit glabrous: upper stem-leaves pinnate. 2. V. pauciflora. V. scan dens L. "Vine: blades of the m leaves ovate, Vd, bracts 1-2 and hammocks, pen. Fla—(W. I. Mez., C. á., S. A.)—A1l year. | 2. V. pauciflora Michx. Plants 1 m. tall or less: blades of the basal leaves des Or Poe tee ir mostly toothed: braets 4—8 long: rescence congested: aie Wn pink; ches less than 4 as long as the tube: fruit oblong, 5-6 mm. lon -—Stream- ich v Va.— Late ae are of very diverse habits, the one a mpant vin e with inconspicuous on the aie an Peur herb with flowers showy. 2. VALERIANELLA [Tourn.] Mill Annual, vernal, succulent pene the stems dichotomous. eaf-blades entire, toothed, lobed, or pinn Flowers perfect, in clustered or corymbose eymes. Calyx shallowly ne or obsolete. . Corolla funnelform, white, pink, or blue. Stamens 3. Fruit with the abortive carpels more or less elongate. About 50 species, natives of North- ern Hemisphere.—Spr.-sum.—CORN-SALADS. LAMB'S-LETTUCES. Corolla blue or es ae ot about twice as d as thick. 1. V. Locusta. i fruit rida with broad and shal groove between the sterile portions. 2. V. radiata. Fruit ms the A Donde much smaller and narrower than e ste erile „por ra) gc 03 [e] Nn e Re] = o” [e] "1 o Uu n n mi». Opt "3 [e] [en ti 5 c = zu e ct © B C2 . V. umbilicata. Bit. eavities dilated and diSenment forming & saucer- shaped body notched at both ends. 4. V. patellaria. Enpo cavities contiguous, with an elliptic depression between them . V. Woodsiana. 1278 MORINACEAE V. Locusta (L.) MM E 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the stem-leaves Fins Neu coroll ong: fruit about twice as enone as thick. Lae ae toria Pu Dou thickets, meadows, and waste-grounds, various a ic Ala. to La., Idaho, Ont., Me., and N.C. Nat. of Eu. 2. V. radiata (L.) Dufr. Stem dm tall: blades of the upper stem- num D ceolate to elliptic or ovate: fruits obovoid- tetragonal.—Stream-banks, moist P and oe various provinces, Fla. to Minn., d N. Y. . V. umbilicata (Sulliv.) Krok. Stem 1-3 dm. tall: blades of the upper stem-leaves lanceolate: empty portion of the fruit with a cross-shaped umbilieation.—Low grounds, is pierces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ohio, N. Y., and Pa. 4. V. patellaria (Sulliv.) ee ts 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the upper stem- leaves similar to those of : empty carpels of the fruits with a saucer- shaped body notched at e ic end. Fi elds, pi s, and low grounds, various provinees N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ohio a a V. Woodsiana (T. & G.) Walp. In habit and leaves resembling V. radiata: fruits about 2 mm. long, with the fertile portions mu ch s eei r and narrower j i i sion between them.—Moist banks and low grounds, various Bode. Tenn. N. Y. and Pa. Famity 2. MORINACEAE — TEASEL FAMILY Annual or perennial, often priekly herbs, or woody plants. Leaves u tended by an involucel, commonly crowded on a receptacle and involucrate Calyx a cup-like border or of several bristles. Corolla of 2-5 partially united petals, sometimes 2-li droec of 2—4 stamens: filamen e ecium adnate to the corolla-tube. Gynoec cium l-earpellary. Ovary inferior Fruit an achene crowned with a calyx.—About 7 genera and 150 species, natives of the Old World. DIPSACUS [Tourn.] L. Coarse prickly herbs. Leaf-blades often commode: -perfoliate. Flower-heads globular or elongate. Involucral bracts rigid. Calyx cup-like, sometimes 4-lobed. Corolla tubular-funnelform. Ovary enclosed in the involucel. Achenes §8-ribbed.—About 15 species, natives of the Old World 1. D. sylvestris Huds. Biennial, 1-2.5 m tall: “blades of the ae ~ lanceolate, entir ds ovoid, 5-6 long, the in- a pos rough: mus d l mm. long: corolla 11—13 mm. long; lobes 4, o. 7 d dly ovate: stamens exserted : achen s 5 long.— (‘TEASEL. )— — Fields and o Sho various (oia Fla. to Tex., Ont and Me. Nat — Sum ASARACEAE 1279 ORDER ARISTOLOCHIALES — AnisrOLOCHIAL ORDER Herbs, shrubs, or vines. Leaves alternate: blades mostly eordate or hastate. Flowers perfect, often conspicuous. Hypanthium mostly adnate to the ovary. Calyx regular or very irregular. Corolla wanting or rudi- mentary. Androecium of as many stamens as there are calyx lobes or more. Gynoecium of usually 6 united earpels. Fruit a capsule Famity 1. ASARACEAE — BrgTHwORT FAMILY Perenni bn herbs, shrubs, or vines. Leaves alternate: blades sometimes ally many stamens. Gynoecium of 4-6 united earpels. Ovary m mostly in-' ferior. Fruit eapsular.—About 6 id um and 200 species, widely dis- tributed. Acaulescent herbs: calyx regular, persistent: capsule fles d E E filaments shorter than the anthers: d es distinct: leaves per- 1 ASTYLIS. Ovary "inferio or: filaments longer than the anthers: styles nited : leaves deciduous 2. ASARUM. Chylescent herbs or vines: Salve irregular, deciduous: capsule 3. ARISTOLOCHIA. HEXASTYLIS Raf. Acaulescent gingerous herbs. Leaves 1 every year: blades lustrous above. Flower-stalk subtended by a bract. ypanthium terete, glabrous without epals green or purplish en dark-purple, and sometimes blotched within, persisten psule enveloped in the calyx and g hypanthium. Seeds flattened.—Eight species, as fol ows.—Spr. or spr.-sum.— The leaves are evergreen with coriaceous blades.—HEART-LEAFS. ponds of a broadly ovate type, varying to suborbicular or reniform, not has- ae and calyx of an urceolate type in anthesis. Hypanthium and calyx 3-4 cm. long, the lobes over 1 cm. wide. 1. H. Shuttleworthü. Hypanthium tie calyx 1-2 cm. long, the lobes less than 1 wide. Calyx- MB o ver 1.5 em. wide in anthesis; lobes nearly or pim half as long as the tube. 2. H. virginica. ee less than 1.5 cm. wide in anthesis; lobes very short. . H. Memmingeri. Hypanthium and ca alyx of a ener or turbinate- ate type e. So ers . H. heterophylla. Calyx without 2. decided limb, the lobes erect or some- what sprea Hypanthium Bud calyx ovoid-urceolate, the small lobes erect, the tube not constricted. Hypanthium and calyx campanulate- ucc the e H. Ruthii. b TA di poner E of an ovate type. 6. H. catlifolia. B H. arifolia. Calyx with a salver-campanulate limb surmounting the tube. 8. H. speciosa. 1. H. Shuttleworthii (J. Britten) pues Leaf-blades orbieular, varying to ovate or somewhat rhombie, 5-8 em. long, the sinus narrow: hypanthium and 1280 ASARACEAE calyx long-ureeolate, 3-9 cm. long; o e broad, ascending a pr reading, and more f- N E less ineurved at t tip: anther-saes 3 mm. REN ies gs Um PN e m V cid v mont to Appalachian "Valley, Ala. to Tenn., and S Va. 2. H. virginica (L.) Small. Leaf-blades narrow: gat eed und ealyx short-urceo- te, 1-2 long; lobes broad, p die : "urine -2. lon t Ne nective nes styles about 4 mm. long: seed about 3 mm. long. [Asarum virginicum L.] s often in aeid soil, various provinces, especially Coastal Plain, S. C. to Tenn., W. Va., and V H. Mem (Ashe) een Leaf-blades suborbicular to orbicular- ovate or Kerpen cu em. long, the sinus often narrow or closed: hypanthium and ealyx us reels 1-1.5 em. long; lobes broad, erect or ecg spreading: anther-sacs 2.5 mm. long, not exceede by the connective- tip: styles 2.5 mm. long: ae about 2 mm. long.—Acid woods, inner Piedmont to i m Plateau, Ga. to W. Va. and S Va. ` 4. H. 2 Soe ene Leaf-blades orbicular-reniform to orbicular- ovate or triangular-ova m. long: euro and ealyx turbinate or turbinate- vid anulate, 25 p ong; lobes very broad, somewhat spreading: anther-saes about 2.5 mm. long, D iehily AT by the minute connective-tip: styles 2-2.5 mm. long: o about 2.5 mm. long.—Woods, Piedmont, to Appa- lachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala. W. Va., and S Va. 5. H. Ruthii (Ashe) Small Leaf-blades hastate, E from individually ovate to broadly tri angular in outline, 8-15 em. long: hypanthium and calyx ith g the eck: anther-sacs 2-2. long, much exceeded by the narrow e EA tes seed e 3 mm. jos Rich woods, Blue Ridge to end EUM Plateau, Ala. to Tenn. S Va. 6. H. callifolia Small. Leaf-blades ovate, 5-9 cm. long: hypanthium and b “beens urceolate, with re ME more or less spreading lobes surmount- ing & broad neck: anther- -sacs about 4 mm. long, much exceeded by the broad connective- -tip— Woo ods, N Fla. H. arifolia (Michx.) Small. is pos hastate varying from individually . lon ovate to deltoid or reniform in outline, 5—1.2 c ng: hypanthium and ealyx o wit broad. spreading pue surmounting the constricted neck: anther-sacs e " mm. long, slightly exceeded by the minute connective-tips: seeds ong. [Asarum arifolium Michx. ]-— Rich Or toe woods, various about 3m provinees, Fia. to Ala., Tenn., and S Va. 8. H. Aia: Er d: De blades ind dn 6-12 em. long: hypanthium amen salv rm, calyx conspicuous, the hemispheric base sur- are d dy a , cap- Jike limb with 3 broad aie parallel-lined lobes: anther a 3 mm. long, the connective broadly rounded at the apex which slightly ex- ceeds the sacs styles 2-2.5 mm. long.—Rich woods, Autauga Co., in the Coastal Plain of A f ASARACEAE 1281 ASARUM [Tourn.] L. Acaulescent gingerous herbs. Leaves in pairs: T not lustrous. Flower-stalks arising between the petioles. Hypanthium d pubescent. Sepals brown within, deciduous. Capsule ed Seeds ——About 20 species, natives of Loi north temperate one = Spi .—The de are not evergreen, with thick- ous blad HEU GINGERS. Sepals triangular, merely acute, about as long as the hypanthium or Pa se 1. reflexum. Sepa lanceolate-acuminate, longer than the hypanthiu p n ed longer than the hypanthium, i tubular por- g: species mainly Alleghen 2. A. canadense. Sepals ach: longer than the hypanthium, the EAT por- n 10-20 mm. long: species campestrian 3. A. acuminatum. 1. A. reflexum Bicknell. Leaf-blades reniform, 6-14 wide, the sinus owers smaller than those of the preceding Bi ` sepals 8-10 mm. k i — hillsides and rich woods, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Kans., Ia., and ; ' Conn. i 2. A. canadense L. Leaf-blades reniform, ide, the sinus closed: hypanthium the tubular portions curving upwar woods and rocky hillsides, various provinces, N. C. to Ark., (La.?), Ont., and N. B. p aei bd eure dun epa lar bu ore pubesce bd n pid Hay een sepals gradu. ally acuminate, the tubular tips recurved- spreading.— Woods, Blue Ridge and are northern provinces, Tenn to Minn. TA ETRE Peattie is said to differ from A. canadense and A. wm by its larger flowers and less pubescent 1 leaf-blades, and also Gon the ene by its qudd sepals. It occurs in the mountains of N. C. 3. ARISTOLOCHIA [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs, shrubs, or vines Leaves with narrow or broad blades. Flowers irregular, often S-shaped or c a ‘‘dutch pipe,’’ the calyx usually corolloid. Hypanthium often rib ary inferior. Styles united aang an ee — meu duae Mic 200 species, in tropic c" (gs) Erect herbs: flowers borne at the base of the stem: calyx-tube swollen at each end. I. HASTATAE. Twining vines: flowers borne along the branches. Herbaceous vines: calyx-tube swollen at the base: calyx- limb expanded on one side: stamens 5. II. PENTANDRAE. Woody vines: calyx-tube swollen m "e middle :. calyx- limb expanded on all sides: stamens 6. III. MACROPHYLLAE. I. HASTATAE Plant sparingly and indistinctly pubescent with soft hairs: capsule sparingly pubescent. Leaf-blades hastate, delicate: capsule 5-6 mm. long or rarely longer. 1. A. hastata. Leaf-blades not hastate, membranous: capsule about 1 cm. lang. 2. A. Serpentaria. Plant manifestly pubescent with stiff spreading hairs: cap- - sule copiously pubescent. 3. A. convolvulacea. 8l 1282 ASARACEAE II. PENTANDRAE. Diffusely twining vine with fleshy leaf-blades and globular drooping capsules. 4. A. pentandra. III. MACROPHYLLAE Young foliage densely tomentose: leaf-blades coriaceous: hypanthium tomentose 5. A. tomentosa. Young foliage md pubescent or glabrous: leaf-blades membranous : hypanthium glabrous. 6. A. macrophylla. 1. A. hastata Nutt. Plant ir Las, $i dm. tall: leaf- s M thin, linear to lanceolate, hastate, 2 ong: flowers about long: ant d e or Beier rple: ae ule 5-11 m diam eed 3.5-4 m see ve with eae a papillae on the face. x Nash Kearney] — (SNAKEROOT.) — Damp woods, various i Fla. to Ta. RE S Va.— Sum. A. Serpentaria L. Plant dark-green, 1—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades ree -laneeolate to oval- en E ra ie eolate, 4-1 long; fiov 1-1.5 one: hypanthium villous- fe ae ne purple; limb ob- tusely 3-lobed: capsule about 10 mm. in diameter: seed about 4 mm. OE with many approximate papillae on its ce.—( VIR NIA-SNAKEROOT. )—Rich w Dod. pues provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Mich., and Conn.—Spr.—fall. 3. A. convolvulacea Small. Plant bristly-pubescent, 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades broadly ovate to oval, 2-8 em. long: flowers about 1.5 em. Ei hypanthium densely hirsute: calyx purplish; limb 3-lobed: sir 6-8 mm. in diameter. — Woods, Piedmont to Appalachian Plateau, Ga.—Spr.-sum. 4. A. pentandra Jacq. Stem reclining in twining: leaf-blades ovate, 4-10 em. long: hypanthium minutely pubescent: calyx nearly straight, greenish or purplish, the limb ni cs erect: capsule globular, 15-20 mm. long, wing- angle d: see a blaek, ne . lo ong.—Coastal hammocks, S Pen. "Fla. and the Key —(W. I.)— All yea A. tomentosa Sims. Stem s high-elimbing, the branches down leaf-blades ete to suborbicular, 10-18 em. long, rounded at the apex: Enn. wanting: calyx abruptly bent dod the sone the or mb 2-2.5 em. wide, yellow- ish or greenish-yellow, except the pu urple orifice, rugose: capsule 4—6 em. long. (PIPEVINE.)— Woods, various provinces, Fla. to Okla., Mo., Ill, and N. C.—Spr. 1311 6. A. phylla La Stem greatly elongate, climbing, the branches dd brous or nearly so: leaf- “blades suborbieular to broadly ovate, 5-25 cm. lon abruptly acute or obtuse: peduncles 1-2 em. long: calyx abruptly bent Ebor the ovary, the limb 2-3 em. wide, brown or yellowish, veiny: capsule 5—6 cm. long. [4. Sipho L'Her.]—(DUTCHMAN'S PIPE. pid various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Kans., Minn., and Pa.—Spr.- Aristolochia maxima L. of tropical America and cultivated, with large variegated flowers aa aa 1-1.5 dm. long, has escaped from cultivation into hammocks in CUCURBITACEAE 1283 OnpER CAMPANULALES — CAMPANULAL ORDER rbs, or rarely shrubs or trees. Leaves ko alternate: blades He simple, entire, or divided. Flow onoecious or dioecious, sometimes irregular Hypanthium- ell: dev eise d. alyx of several dis- tinet or partly united sepals. Corolla of several distinet or partly united petals. Androecium of 1-5 stamens. Anthers distinct or connate. Gynoecium of 1-several united carpels, the ovary wholly or partially in- ferior. Fruit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous. | nee variously disposed, but not in heads. wers monoecious or dioecious : plant usually tendril- bearing vines: LE wanting. Flowers perfect or mainly so: herbs or shrubs: endo- sperm present. Fam. 2. CAMPANULACEAE. Corolla irregular, split on one side: n EE S united around the style: stigma naked : Fam. 1. CAMPANUTACEAE, Fam. 3. LOBELIACEAE. nthers separate: stigma surrounded by a cup- ike indusium: suceulent shrubs. Flowers bolt on a flat or elongate receptacle. Famiiy 1. CUCURBITACEAE — GourD FAMILY Vines, usually tendril-bearing. Leaves alternate: blades palmately di or pedately veined, and commonly lobed. Flowers monoecious or dioe- cious. Calyx or 5, or rarely 6, distinet or partly united sepals. Fam. 4. BRUNNONIACEAE. Fam. 5. CALYCERACEAE. adherent to the calyx. Androecium of 3 stamens (2 anthers 2-celled and 1 anther l-eelled), or rarely of 1, 2, 4, or 5 stamens. Filaments some- times united. Anthers straight or ' bent. Gynoecium 1-several-earpellary. Styles united. Fruit a fleshy or partly dry berry (pepo) —About 90 genera and 700 species, mostly tropieal. Stamens distinct or with the fila pd partly united. Anther-saes straight or merely curved. Anther-saes S-shaped or AA sh aped, Stamens united into a colu Tribe I. MELOTHRIEAE. Tribe II. CUCURBITEAE. Tribe III. SICYOIDEAE. I. MELOTHRIEAE Slender trailing or climbing, mostly monoecious vines. II. CUCURBITEAE 1. MELOTHRIA. irs horizontal, numerous. rolla rotate. uc thers distin . lyx with 2 or 3 scales at the bottom within. 2. MOMORDICA. Calyx without buoni Scales within Staminate flowers racemose: frui t dry . 3. LUFFA. Staminate flowers solitary or in n fruit fleshy. Anther-saes not surpassed by the connective: tendrils branched. 4. CITRULLUS. Anther-saes PLE by the connective: teri- 5. Cucumis. drils simple ; 6. oe T. Ovules erect or E 1—4 in each cavity. 8. du III. SICYOIDEAE Corolla campanulate: fruit smooth. Corolla rotate: fruit bristly or echinate. Pistillate flowers mostly solitary: ovary 2- or 3- celled, with ules: fruit bladdery, few seeded, opening at th 9. COCCINEA, apex. : 10. MICRAMPELIS. Pistillate flowers clustered : ovary 1-celled, with one ovule: fruit succulent, indehiscent. 11. Sicyos. 1284 CUCURBITACEAE 1. MELOTHRIA L. | Slender Ra e vines. Leaves with toothed or lobed blades. Flowers mainly m Hypanthi of the pistillate flowers relatively nid) Corolla xim pn of the ei late flowers relative short, about 8 mm. broad (in our species), that of the staminate flower Ee. Bow juicy, the rind tender. Seed flat——About 70 species, natives of warm and tropical i E eee MELONETTES. Berry. ellipsoid or ov Stem climbing: leat blades longer than wide, the lobes angular: berry dark- urple or blacki 1. M. pendula. Stem trailing or Dinos Jeaf-blades wider than long, the lobes low and rounded: berry green and somewhat varie- ga 2. M. crassifolia. Berry globose or subglobose. erry r 10 mm. in diameter: leaf-blades deeply lobed. 3. M. Nashii. Berry loss than 10 mm. in diameter: leaf-blades shallowly . lobed. . M. microcarpa. M. pendula L. Leaves glabrous or nearly so (or with hispidulous petioles oa m Fed blades in M. pendula noue blades suborbieular to ovate in outline, 3-8 em. wi with 3-5 angular shallow-toothed lobes; petioles hispid: hy- panthium glabrous or pubescent: iid ellip- soid or oval, 10-25 mm. long.—Swamps an d thiekets, various provinces, |a to Tex. Mo., and S Pa.— (AM ez.) —Spr.-fall. M. crassifolia Small. Leaf-blades sub- HEREIN ‘renifo rm, or ovate in outline, 3-8 em. wide, 1 3-9 i bud shallow-toothed lobes: usce dm glabrou ps ddl berry ellipsoid or oval, 10 “95 long.— Al eas mocks, pen. Fla. 'and the uc yea Nashii E Leaf-blades d suborbieular to angular-ovate in outlin 2-3.5 em. long, 5 5 lobed, the lobes entire or Pans l or 2 teeth or small did Seis pour Du globose, 12-15 mm. in diameter.—Pinelands, pen. Fla. Spr.- fall. M. x pd Shuttlw. Leaf- blades thinnish, commonly as long as wide, 1-3 em. long, 3—5-lobed, the lobes irregularly toothed: a hispidulous: berry globose, 7-9 mm. in diameter.—Thickets, Appalachian Plateau, Ala.— r.-sum. 2. MOMORDICA L. Annual or perennial vines. Leaves with entire, lobed, or pedately dissected blades. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Sta- minodia of the pistillate flowers gland-like, or wanting. Stalk of the staminate flowers bracted. Style slender. Stigmas 3. Berry warty.—About 25 species, native of the Old World Tropics.—The plants flower most of the year. Leaf-blades with as or acutish teeth: bract entire, at the ee or base of the staminate pedun M. Charantia. Leaf-blades with Gane teeth: bract toothed, at the apex of the staminate peduncle. 2. M. Balsamina. 1. M. Charantia L. Stem ereeping or climbing, often greatly elongate: leaf- blades ner em. wide, 5—7-lobed, the lobes with acutish or obtuse teeth, villous CUCURBITACEAE 1285 or glabrate: sepals oval or oval-ovate, 94.5 5 mm. long: corolla yellow about e berry 4-1 . long, golden-yellow: seed elliptic, 9-12 mm. long or cede! lar A D PPLE.)—Ham ick- ets, and waste-places, outer Coastal E. Fla. to Tex.— — Or. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 2. M. Balsamina L. Stem ERE e much- uns ER gu blades 3-8 wide, 3—5-lobed, the lobes with a um teeth; petioles usually PSI: sepals elliptie, about 6 mm. long: corolla golden-yellow pus iod or black at pu Mons about 2.5 e wide berry 3-6 long, orange: seed 3. LUFFA L. Annual vines. Leaves with 5-7-lobed blades. Flow monoecious. Corolla yellow, pink, or whitish. Staminodia of the a flowers 3. Style columnar. Stigmas 3, each -lobed. Berry elongate, ribbed.—About 7 speeies, all but 1 in the Old World tropics. 1. L. cylindrica (L.) Roem. Stem and branches ribbed: leaf- ee E in me mostly 1-3 road -T- lobed, the ae eee toothed: sepals lanceolate to triangular- E those s the pistilla a He about tw s long as © those of the sta pea Cle prm aa r 10-12 em. wide, that Roadsides, waste-places, and thickets, ar Fla. Nat. of Old World tropies.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—AIl year. . CITRULLUS Schrad. Annual or perennial vines. Leaves with lobed blades. Flowers monoecious. Staminodia of the p flowers prominent. Style short. Stigmas reniform. Berry smooth. — About 4 species, Asiatie and African a 1. C. Citrullus (L.) Small. Stem trailing, (: with spre D boe sp s ovate in. r near 6 dm g, smoot ble: (WATE .) e-places, woo pinelands, and roadsides, various provinces, la and N. C. tropical Africa.—Spr.—fall—The watermelon pl is too sensitive to cold to become a per- manent member of our flora. 1286 CUCURBITACEAE 5. CUCUMIS L. Annual or perennial vines. Leaves with toothed or promin En To obed blades. Flowers monoecious. Coro e rotat aminodia f the pistillate flowers obsolete or wanting. Style short. B sus obtuse. Berry rugose or echinate.—About 25 species, mostly Asiatie and African Corolla 3-5 em. broad: fruit not prickly. 1. C. Melo. Corolla 1—1.5 cm. broad: fruit prickly. 2. C. Anguria. 1. C. Melo L. Stem stout: leaf-blades oe to suborbicular, 1.5 dm. long or less, merely sree or shallowly lobed: corolla 3-5 cm. wide, yellow: fruit elo ri or Pe sed, Ere — (MEL ae SN TA- LO Musk E inelands, cult. grounds, and ee Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat . of Asia and cult.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 2. C. Anguria L. Stem slender: leaf o mostly 5-8 em. long, deeply 3-5-lobed: corolla 1-1.5 em wide, yellow: fruit oval to sip ce dum Gu e. WEST-INDIAN GHERKIN. GOOSE-BERRY ds mis | ets and Nag es Coastal p Fla. to Tex., ie È Ga.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—These ee spec of Cutomis, 'althou ugh not Dome oT in our range, continue to appea 6. CUCURBITA [Tourn.] L. Annual vines. Leaves with lobed blades. Flowers monoecious or rarely dioecious. Corolla rotate. Staminodia wanting. Stigmas erect, 2-lobed. Berry variable in shape, the rind smooth, woody.—One species. 1. C. Lagenaria L. Plant musk- scented, clammy- pubescent: leaf-blades a to triangular or orbicu- lar-ovate, 1-3-dm. long, sinuate or denticulate: corolla white with greenish veins, 5-7 wide; lobes broad d d, erose-crenate: berry usually somewhat clavate. [Lagenaria Lagenaria Cockerell. ]J—( CAL ) ickets and waste- places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. of Old World tropies and cult.— —(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 7. PEPO [Tourn.] Mil. Annualor perennial vines. Leaves with toothed or lobed blades. Flowers monoecious. Corolla oo typically large. Pistillate flowers with staminodia. Ovary 1-celle tigmas 2-lobed. Berry fleshy, with a tough rind.— About 10 species, American, African, and Asiatie.— PUMPKINS. GOURDS. . Pepo okeechobeensis Small. Annual with clammy pubescent foliage oe un ced forked id - a de E 2 ue orbicular-reniform utlin dm vide ace ly cordate, shallowly 5- -- bed, ds lobes peste dentate: flowers pedi- celled: hypanthi ium Paso cent: sepals subulate or subulate-lanceolate: corolla cream- oed mpan late, finely Sea, the lobes ru -crenulate : Dos (pepo) ier UN E: m. in diameter, bright-green and usually flecked and somewhat streaked w whitish or dark- -green spots: seeds oe 8-12 mm. long, idus CUCURBITACEAE 1987 OKEECHOBEE-GOURD).—Hammocks, about Lake Okeechobe ee, Fla.—Spr.-sum.— pr. DE: relatives, sometimes met with in the field are: the field-pumpkin (Pepo Pepo (L. har ge igh erm and usually larger orange-colored fruits, nativity M in S0- uchesne i i squash hapes, known in Florida as the Seminole- ine a may ae found monem g wild Een Indian settlements and abandoned camp s 8. CAYAPONIA me Vines. Leaves with toothed or lobed blades. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Corolla rotate or broadly campanulate, rela- tively small. Pistillat ne with staminodia. Ovary 3-celled; smooth. Stigmas dilated. Berry juicy, with a tender rind.—A bout 60 species, American. i cres nat decurrent on the petiole: anther fre y oval, less than 1.5 cm. long: leaf-blades "usually less than 1 cm. wide. . C. Boykinii. BE D over 1.5 em. long: leaf-blades usually over wide. 2. C. grandifolia. Leaf-blade « e on the petiole: anthers coherent. 9. C. racemosa. 1. C. Boykinii (T. & G.) Cogn. Stem finely pubescent: leaf-blades thickish; 9—10 cm. long, 3-angled or 3-lobed, sparingly ecd beneath; ee bristly villous: corolla greenish- white, the staminate 0-6 mm. wide: berry 12-14 mm. long: mm. long. [Tria $0518 Boylkinu o E UE streams, Coastal Plain, Ga. 2. C. grandifolia (T. & G.) Small. Stem sparingly pubescent: leaf- blades “thin, 12-18 em. long, 3-lobed; petioles softly villous: ae greenish-white, ed staminate 7—9 wide: ber 6-20 Eon —Bottom- lands, Coastal Plain, Miss | to La. and Ark, — Sum 3. C. E (Sw.) Cogn. Stem glabrous or nearly ']eaf-blades thick, 6-13 em. long, 3- lobed. a DNE beneath ; petioles glabrous or nearly so: stami- nate eorolla 8-10 m m. wide, greenish: berry ellipsoid to oval, M durs . long: seed 9-10 mm. long. Eds Everglade Keys, Fla —(W. I.)—Spr sum. 9. COCCIN . & A. Perennial dioecious vines. Leaves with angu- late or Ei E os blades. s campanulate, relatively targe: Pistil- h taminodia. ; a Ovary smooth and glabrous. Sa smooth. Seeds numerous.—About a dozen species, natives of the Old World tropics. 1. C. cordifolia (L.) Cogn. Stem glabrous, climbing T blades aa to orbieular in outlin em. long, 3-5-lobed, cordate, slender petioled ane subulate or linear- area long, reflexed: corolla whi oy em eae berry “ellipsoid or obo- void, X ng um scarlet.—Ham orgy pen. Fla. Nat. of Asia.—(W. I., Mex., C. A. S. A.)—-All year. 1288 CUCURBITACEAE . MICRAMPELIS Raf. Annual or perennial vines. Leaves with angu- late or lobed blades. Flowers monoecious. Corolla rotate, abs small. Pistillate flowers usually solitary, with stami- as S nodia y echinate. s lobed. Berry echinate, fibrous within, the rind tough. Seeds not filling M eavities.— - About 25 species, American 1. M. lobata (Michx.) Greene. Stem and branches tender: leaf-blades 4—15 cm. long, y 3 i lipsoid to wo oe mm. long, acp at the apex. pes ystis lobata T.: — (WILD BALSAM-APPLE. MOCK-APPLE. )— Stream -banks and thickets, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Colo., Sask., and N. B.—Sum 11. SICYOS L. Annual monoecious vines. Leaves with angulate or lobed blades. Corolla rotate, relatively small. Pistillate flowers clustered, without staminodia. vary and berry bristly. Seeds filling the cavity ——About 35 species, Ameriean and Australian. ul and branches viseid- -pubescent: leaf- blades 6-15 e ide, g r 5-lobed, the se distinctly BER. n —Thickets, stream-banks, and cult. grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Que.—Sum.-fall. Famity 29. CAMPANULACEAE — BELL-FLOWER FAMILY Herbs or woody plants. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers perfect, regular, sometimes dimorphous. Calyx of 5 sepals, or fewer in cleistogamous flowers. Corolla of 5 partly united. petals. Androecium of » a stamens. Gynoecium 2-d5-carpellary, the ovary more or less ruit capsular. eu: 40 genera. and. more than 1,000 species, pos distributed. Style with pollen-collecting hairs: fiülaments free or nearly so: corolla usually val- vat r induplicate in the e bu | Corolla CORRER MG or funnelform : inflorescence race- "^ mose or pontem te. 1. CAMPANULA. E rota Flowers axillary | Flowers A spi ike es. | Style declined : flowers complete throughout. : Style straight : flowers various, the earlier ones cleisto ous. 4. SPECULARIA. ipis without PAIS EHE hairs: oo adnate to the rolla: corolla imbricate in the bu 5. SPHENOCLEA. t2 . ROTANTHA. e CAVIPANTTASTRIN CAMPANULACEAE 1289 CAMPANULA [Tourn.] L. Perennial or sometimes annual herbs. Leaf- ea entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers pre all alike and complete. ypanthium relatively short in age. Corolla campanulate to funnelform. Stamens included. Capsule opening by lateral or basal perforations or valves. —About 250 species, natives of the Northern Hemisphere.—BE LLFLOWERS. Style shorter than the corolla or sometimes about equalling it: leaf-blades entire or slightly toothed. C. aparinoides. Style exceeding the corolla : leaf-blades laciniately toothed. X C. aparinoides Pursh. Ste 6 dm. long, priekly throughout: leaf- bcp 1-3.5 em. lo ong, those of A leave linear to lanceolate: sepals o triangular- ova 1.5-2 long: corolla fS "white, pale blue, or pink, 5- 8 mm. ims a sule globose-obovoid: seed about 0. : mm /7 Du smooth. — (MAR S. BELLFLOWER. ) -— Acid swamps, meadows and d runs, NA M various eee, Ga. to Ky., Colo., and NO, M um. 2. C. flexuosa Michx. Stem 2-10 dm. smooth: leaf-blades 2-12 em. lo ong, ie late. to ar geen nears or elliptic: sepals subulate, 4-6 mm. long: corolla violet-blue wrinkled. [C. divaricata Michx. |] — Cliff and woods often in acid soil, Blue [uus n Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala., , W. Va., and W Md.—Sum .—fal Campanula persicifolia L., a native of Europe, up to 1 m. tall, with spatu- late to linear leaf-blades and large blue or white corollas 2-2.5 em. wide, has escaped from gardens, W N. C. 2. ROTANT Small Annual or perennial, smooth, ‘diffuse herbs. Leaf-blades entire, or obscurely or shallowly toothed. Flowers perfect, all alike an mplete. Hypanthium short. Corolla rotate. Stamens exserted. Capsule opening by perforations — Two species, natives of Florida. Corolla 14-18 mm. wide: sepals nearly or quite as long as the . ee capsule obovoid. 1. R. floridana. Corolla 7-8 mm. wide: sepals less than half as long as the corolla. lobes : capsule subglobose. 2. R. Robinsiae. 1. R. floridana (S. Wats.) Small. Perennial: stems and bran ches diffusely a pee often intertwined, 2-4 dm. long: leaf- blades narrowly ben ind oblanceolate, linear, or linear-lanceolate, 1-4 em. long, obseure ly toothed: hypanthium obo vate-turbinate: e enhance to linear-subulate, mm. long: corolla d E sos lanceolate: Nes 3—4 ong: capsu 3—4 mm. ule obovoid, long. Cam daa P pbs ana SB. Wats.]— Grassy swamps marshes, E Fla. and the pen.—All yea 2. R. Robinsiae Small. Ann stem with several or many slender erect ae 0.5-1 dm. tall: leaf-blades puede to elliptic, lanceolate, or e, or rarely narrower, 0.3-1.2 cem. long, entire or sharply few 1290 CAMPANULACEAE s A eae subglobose: sepals lanceolate to subulate- E. 1-1 . long: corolla violet or blue; lobes elliptic; anthers 1-1.5 . lon s cuo lobosc e, 2-2.5 mm. in diameter. [ Campanula aad Small Grassy slopes of Chinsegut Hill, near Brooksville, Fla.—Spr.-fall. 3. CAMPANULASTRUM Small. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaf-blades toothed. Flowers perfect and complete. Hypanthium elongate in age. Corolla rotate. Stamens exserted. Capsule (ZAR opening by subapieal valves. Seed flattish, broad, margined.—One species. C. americanum (L.) S canes Plant 2-20 dm. tall, often widely branched: blades of the upper leaves bem jas te, 5-12 em long, acuminate: sepals linear-subulate, 6-10 * [6] S p mm. long: corolla blue or white; lobes 10 13 em. E eapsule turbinate-clavate, 8—10 mm. long: seed oval, about 1.5 mm. long.— Rich: ooo and ro cky river-banks, various Er Fla. to Ark., S. Dak., and N. B. —Sum 4. SPECULARIA [Heist.] Fabr. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaf- blades toothed. Flowers dimorphous, the earlier ones with 3 or 4 sepals a and undeveloped corollas, the later ones with 5 sepals and rotate corolla. Capsule o opening by lateral valves.—About 10 species, in the Northern Hemi- Sp —VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASSES. Leaf-blades clasping, usually fully as wide as long: capsule with ar valves near the middle. 1. S. perfoliata. Leaf- ce sessile, longer than wide: capsule with the valves at the 2. S. biflora. 1. S. perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Stem 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades suborbicular to triangular-ovate: corolla purple, 10—15 mm. wide: capsule ellipsoid-prismatic or obeonie, 5-6 mm. long: seed oval, about 0.5 o mm. long Woods, elds, and waste-places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., bus i C., and coupes I., Mex., C. S. A.)— Sum 2. S. biflora (R. & P.) F. & M. Stem 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic or lanceolate above: corolla purple, 15-20 . mm. : 6-9 mm. m seed nearly 1 mm. long.— Fields and open places, various m Fla. to Tex., Calif., Kans., and Que.— (W. I., Mex.)—Spr.—fall. 5. SPHENOCLEA Gaertn. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers all alike, borne in a continuous dense spike. Sepals broad. Corolla short- LOBELIACEAE 1291 campanulate: lobes short. Stamens with S sile, the lid and calyx adnate.—One species. S. zeylanica Gaertn. Plant 2-13. dm above: jid 3-1le . lo ong: sepals broadly ovate, 1.5 m mos t corolla white or green- ish, about 2 mm. lon ng, the ov a s about as long as the tube: capsule m. wide. —Low Eois Coastal Pisin, Ta to Ark. Nat. of the Old World jopies —(. L; Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Spr.- FAMILY 3. LOBELIACEAE — LosELiA FAMILY erbs, or rarely trees, the sap often milky. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or parted. Flowers perfect, or rarely dioecious, irregular. C mostly 2-earpellary, the ovary more or less inferior. Fruit ae or baceate.—About 20 genera and 600 species, widely distributed. 1. LOBELIA ape. L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed. Flowers in spikes, or panicles. Hypanthium mostly ribbed. Sepals e or often ini ae sometimes with basal ap- pendages.. Corolla uan colored or white: upper lip 2-lobed: lower lip 3- lobed. Anthers in a ring around the ce 2 often smaller than the others. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule ad ed.—About 225 species, rad distributed.—In the following descriptions cauline leaves are considered. Corolla red (pink or white forms are rare). I. CARDINALES. Corolla i or white, or blue variegated ies white. ~~~ Flowers large ( corolla- tube over 1 cm. a `N t scape-like, leafy to the infloreó II. SIPHILITICAE. Stem scape-like, leafy at the base, the Mid leaves reduced and remote. III. PALUDOSAE. Flowers small (corolla-tube less than 1 cm. long). IV. APPENDICULATAE. Blades of the c auline leaves sessile. Upper cauline leaves with broad blades, at un. oo linear: raceme spike-like, con- tin V. SPICATAE. Doer. cauline leaves with narrow, usually linear, filiform blades: raceme rela- tively Tew flowered, open VI. NUTTALLIANAE. Blades of the cauline leaves manifestly petioled. VII. XALAPENSES. l I. ALES Perennial herb with offsets: raceme eae mostly 1-sided, 1. L. cardinalis. very showy. SIPHILITICAE be pinnatifid, the auricles hiding the hypanthium: leaves Mn or only slightly reee above: blades pinnatifid- 2. L. brevifolia. 1292 LOBELIACEAE Sepals entire or glandular-toothed, the auricles, if present, not hiding the hypanth mo x 'es on the upper part of the stem much smaller t those below. ' Sepals with deflexed or bro adis rounded auricles at the base, the edges ciliate, not glandular-toothed. Hypanthium pov e in anthesis: sepals e auricled a e base, erose and more or less irregu larly toothe à Hypanthium turbinate in anthesis: sepals slightly auricled at the base, merely ciliate. Sepals without basal rc Sepals entire, glan eaf-bla des broad. ET sually bluntly toothed: sepals pere than the corolla-tube. en ge narrow, undulate or glandular- toothed : s long as the corolla-tube or longer Sepals a -toothed. ower lip of the d glabrous: hypanthium Lower lip.of the cor rola, ee within : ee thium bristly-pubescent: leaf-blades narrow III, PALUDOS: be not auricled at the base: n Rn ae 2 mm. ng: eorolla-tube less than 1 em. Sepals auricled at the base: Lanier. o ‘about 4 mm. long: olla-tube over 1 cm. lon IV. APPENDICULATAE Sepals lanceolate, glandular-toothed, much shorter than the corolla-tube : m enm pubescent without: hypanthium sepals subulate, ace or merely erose: nearly or quite long as the corolla-tube: corolla glabrous = e without : O campanulate in anthesi AE Capsule M o mature hypanthium hemispheric: sepals more or less auricled at the bas Sepals E with minute a auricles at the base, shorter tħan -the corolla-tube. Sepals slender-subulate, with long deflexed auricles at the ase, quite as long as the corolla-tube. Bracts elongate, nearly or uite surpassing the flowers: corolla copio r pubescent without. Bracts short, surpassing the flowers: corollas zi or slightly puberulent without. “T w SOIN inferior: mature hypanthium obovoid, oval, or oid: sepals not at all auricled. NUTTALLIANAE Pedicels mostly sh Sd than the bracts, shorter than the eorollas in anthes Senais lanceolate: p less than 1 em. long: mature re hypanthium ellipsoid oe "turbinate-ellipsoi oid. Pedicels noch exceeding me bracts, longer n the corollas. XALAPENSE Pedicels long, over 1 cm. long in anes i s » inferior or less. cu 4—6 mm. long: sepals lanceolate. colla 8—10 mm. long: a subulate. _ Pedicels oo less than 1 cm. long in anthesis : capsules 2/3 nfer L. cardinalis L. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, simple, glabrou 3. L. DL 5. L. . L. (. L. . L. 10. L. 1. L. 13. L. 17. L. -1 18. L. . L. Boykinii. 20. L. 21. L. 22. L. Or siphilitica. . puberula. amoena. elongata. glandulifera. glandulosa. . paludosa. floridana. flaccidifolia. . Gattingeri. spicata. . bracteata. . leptostach ya. inflata. Nuttallii. Canbyi. Cliffon hom diis Fecayana. ely hirsute: blades of the lower leaves elliptie to elliptie- spatulate, ae or dentate LOBELIACEAE 1293 - raceme continuous, rather conspicuously bracted: sepals linear-attenuate to linear- subulate, entire: corolla-lobes on either side e cl linear: anther-head 5-6 mm. long: capsule ~ hemispherie, short-beaked: seed about 1 mm. long. — (CARDINAL-F ER.) — Wet ravines, swamps and stream-banks, various D Fla. to Tex., Ont., and N. B.— —fall. revifolia Nutt. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, 0.5— em. long, pinata o d, the te eth Fx d-tipped: raceme interrupte ed, not conspicuously bracted: sepa ad bacs. to hastate-ovate, pinnatifid, each with 2 obtuse basal auricles which invest the : panthium: corolla blue, pubeseent without; “lobes of the upper lip lanceolate: capsule 5-7 mm. long: x about 0.5 mm. long.—Moist pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.—Sum- fa L. siphilitica L. Stem 2-10 dm. tall, sparingly pipe often Ap s we blades thin or RON ES te to elliptic or lanceol long, apo serrate or sinuate-den P sepals lanceolate, ETE p acuminate 8 broad base, each with la arge e basal auricles: rolla light- “blue, or ae white stralghtene ed Eu over 2 em. long: anther-hea à fully om ong: eapsule over 7 mm e, with d sepala -auricles reaching nearly or quite to the base: d ellipsoid.— i GREAT-LOBELIA ow grounds, meadows, and along streams, various provinces, Ga. to La., Coloss: S. Dak., Ont., and Me. —Sum.—fall uberula Michx. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, softly ae rri d blades thick, gus late to E s lanceolate, or ovate, 2-1 ong, finely toot the d: sepals lanceolat ely pu Pe each di mall ad basal auricles: corolla alae “blue, Bashin ice . long or less; anther-head less than 5 mm. long: capsu ule less tha wide , fin ely pubeseent with the sepal aurieles eae to above the middle aed linear- -eylindrie. "us woods, low grounds, and thickets, often in acid soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ga. and N. J.—Fall. ena Michx. Stem 3- V dm. tall, glabrous or softly hirsute: leaf- blades thinnish, ee ic, varying to obovate or ovate, undulate to sinuate, or unevenly sepals narrowly ee ped E mm. lo ied nid slender- tipped: y bright -blue, straightened o MA 25 e m. long o anther-head 2—2.5 mm. long: capsule 5-6 m wide: seed linear- eylindzie, fally l mm. long dud swamps or moist hillsides, Coastal "Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Va. — Sum. —fall. 6. L. elongata Small. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades ae or nearly so, or narrowly linear-lanceolate on the upper part of the stem, 2-10 e long, undulate, serrate, or dentate-serrate: sepals elongate, linear- x re or linear-setaceous, entire: corolla deep-blue, o out about 2 cm. long: anther-head about 4 mm. long: capsule abou wide: seed narrowly ellip- soid, barely 1 mm. long.—Low grounds, a "Plain, Fla, to La. and Va. fall. L. glandulifera (A. Gray) Small. Stem 9—7 dm. tall, glabrous or sparingly shea leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 3-12 em. long, irregu- 1294 LOBELIACEAE larly dentate or undulate: hypanthium glabrous: sepals narr rowly lanceolate to linear-laneeolate, 7-9 mm ong; prenna y aa Rp o deep- blue, straightened out 2- 2.5 em. lon ng: anther-head 3-4 mm. long: capsu ule mm. wide: seed eltipsoid, about i mm. long.—Low grounds, meadows, about 5 and swamps, el Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Va.—Sum. —fall. $. L. glandulos& Walt. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades linear- oblanceolate to linear, 2-15 cm. long, repand or shallowly toothed, the teeth gland-tipped: hypanthium pubeseent: sepals laneeolate or linear-laneeolate, 6—9 mm. pd prominently glandular-toothed: corolla deep- -blue, P out 9-2.5 em. long; lobes of the lower lip broadly ovate: ei le 6 wide: seed alps less than 1 mm. long.—Wet pinelands and swamps, res Plain, Va.; reported also from Miss —Spr.-fall or all year southwar d. L. floridana Chapm. Stem 8-15 .dm. tall: leaf-blades linear or slightly linear-spatulate below, 10—40 cm. long, undulate or crenate-undulate: sepals hastate- lanceolate, 4—5 mm ong a toothed: corolla blue, sometimes pale, straightened out over 1.5 cm. long: capsu e 4—4.5 mm. wide. — $wa amps, and low pinelands, e Plain, Fla. to Miss. irse —fall. 10. L. paludosa Nutt. Stem 2-9 dm. tall: dim at linear-spatulate, or rarely elliptic. -obovate to linear, 3-25 cm. long, en uate-crenate: sepals lanceolate to T pe olate, 5.5 mm. To ong, 2m toothed « or often entire: corolla light-blue or white, straightened out less than 1.5 long: capsule -3.5 mm. wide n mps, and low pinelands and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. ee Del.—Spr.—fall, or all year southward. 11. L. flaccidifolia Small Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades thin, obovate elliptic-spatulate at the base of the stem, linear-elliptie or rarely linear-lanceo- e above, 3-11 em. long, undulate or erenate-undulate: hypanthium in anthesis turbinate: sepals "une ais 3-5 mm . long, glandular-toothed, aurieled at the base: corolla 14-16 mm. long: capsule 5-8 mm. long.—River swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Sum. 12. L. Gattingeri A. Gray. Stem 2-4 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades thick, 00 the base of the stem, elliptie, oval, or ovate above, em. long, arly entire j m. lo to ee Plateaus, Ala. and Tenn.—Spr. Plants, perhaps referable to L. appendi- culata in which the ciliate sepals are auricled at the base, have been found in Ala. 13. L. spicata Lam. Stem 1-12 dm. tall, pubescent, at least nee the base leaf-blades spatulate, ni or suborbicular at the base of the stem, eblanceo late to lanceolate above, 1— 0 em. long, crenate-dentate or dci: : hy- panthium in anthesi Papa ere sepals lanceolate, 3-8.5 mm. jum with minute spreading auricles at the base: corolla blue, 6-9 mm. long: capsule -3 mm. long.—Woods, moist dn and meadows, various provinces, Ga. to Tex; Sask., and P. E. I.—Sum 14. L. bracteata Small. Stem 8-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades epaulets at the base of the stem, elliptic, lanceolate or ores times above, 3-10 em. long, glandular-toothed: hypanthium in anthesis what de m hone slender- su age 44.5 mm. long, Nu deflexed ‘auricles at the base: corolla 8-9 m . lo N. C.— Sum. BRUNONIACEAE 1295 L. leptostachys A. DC. Stem 3-12 dm. tall: leaf- blades Nurs - oblanceolate at the base of the stem, nl to lanceolate above, 3-10 ¢ ong, entire or are ce toothed: hypa nthium in anthesis depressed: em rs subulat mm. long, Dun _dellexed RE at the base: corolla 6-8 . long: RAN " pun mm. Jon Dry soil, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss., Kans., Ohio, an Va. —Sum 16. L. inflata L. Stem 1-10 dm. tall, finely renga leaf-blades obovate to oval or ovate, 2-9 em. 1078, crenate : hypan thium in anthesis eampanulate: sepals d '2.5-8. ae on entire: corolla liae 6-8 mm. long: capsule 0-8 mm. long, inflat ds -TOBACCO. ILD-TOBACCO. | EYEBRIGHT.)— Fields, woods, and vns various provinces, Ga. to Ark., Sask., and Lab. m.—fall. — 17. L. Nuttallii Roem. & Schult. Stem 2-7 dm. tall: leaf- e obovate to ovate at the base of the stem, oblanceolate to linear above, 2-4 cm. long, entire or toothed: hypanthium in anthesis much puni cuin. sepals lanceolate, about 2 mm. à long, entire: corolla light-blue, 6-7.5 m . lon ng: capsule 2.5— n Fla. to Miss., Pa, and S N. M —BSpr.- 18. L. Canbyi A. Gray. Stem 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades s -linear to linear, 2-6 cm. long, glandular- deus hypanthium in hesis campanulate: sepals a dura at 3—4 mm. long, obscurely ETE denticulate: oe bright-blu m. long: capsule about 4 mm. long, wholly inferior.—Pine land B du "Coastal Plain, S. C. to N. J.—Sum.-fall. ` 19. L. Boykinii T. &. G. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, hollow, virgate, sometimes with virgate branches: leaf-blades D linear-filiform to m ema nthi long or shorter, a. TA tooth ed: hypanthium in a. sepals slender- subulat m ong, entire: corolla bright. ES 8-10 mm. long: capsule 3-4 m us half- -o «—Pineland swamps and cypress-ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.—Spr.-su 0. L. Cliffortiana L. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, n R rn leaf-blades ovate to ovate- lanceolate 2-10 em. long, e vu d pn hed or sin ud sepals laneeolate, about 2 m . lon ng, entire: C. ne ng: -6 mm long.—Wet places acte ere and cult. grounds Coastal Plain, "Fla. to Tex Nat. of Trop. Am.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. 4.) —Spr.-fall. 21. L. homophylla F. E. Wimmer. Stem 2-6 dm. d glabrous or finely pu- bescent: leaf-blades ovate to suborbicular, 1-4 c long, rather ed and irregularly crenate or incised-dentate, cordate to truncate at be base: sepals subulate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, entire: Nan 8-10 mm. long: capsule 6-7 mm long. [ZL. Cl iffortiana xalapensis (Ch Fl). L. zalapensis (Fl. SE U. S.). ] —Pinelands, fence-rows, and roadsides, por Fla.—Spr.-fal L. Feayana A. Gray. Stem 1-3 dm. tall glabrous: leaf-blades reniform, dii pea or orbicular-ovate E the base of the stem, obovate da ovate above, 1.5 em. ong, e ntire or crenate: sepals lanceolate, 1.5-2 m ong, entire: E 7-9 mm. long: capsule about 4 mm. long.—( Bom )—Pinelands, Fla.—Spr. fall. FAMILY 4. BRUNONIACEAE — Goopenta FAMILY Herbaceous or woody plants. Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite : blades entire, toothed, or prr Flowers perfect. Calyx of 5 par- 1296 CALYCERACEAE tially united sepals, or rarely cee Corolla of 5 ou bn or ipe ünited petals. Androecium of 5 distinct stamens. Gynoeciu of 2 united carpels, the ovary inferi or. ‘Stigma a surrounded do an rei Fruit drupaceous, baceate, or capsular. mol genera and more than 200 species, mostly repe" o ZR 1. SCAEVOLA L. Succulent herbs or shrubs. Leaf- blades mostly en- tire. Flowers irregular, in cymes. Calyx 5-lobed, or obsolete. Corolla-tube id Berry with a fleshy exocarp.—Abo species, mostly Australian. S. Plumieri Vahl. Plant FA dm. tall: leaf- blades obovate to spatulate, 4-6 cm ng: calyx-lobes rounded: ie white or la. Keys.—(W. —Al| year.—Stems often ae under the sand and forming large patel Faminy 5. CALYCERACEAE — Catycera FAMILY or rid woody plants. Leaves alternate: m usually nar- wers ih Calvx of 4-6 more or less accrescent sepals. Corolla elongate: tube 'slen- der, the throat shorter than the tube, the limb 4—6-lobed. Androecium of 4—6 stamens. Filaments adnate up to the throat of the corolla. Anthers erect, adnate around the style. Gynoecium of a single carpel. Ovary inferior. Style elongate. tae minute. Fruit an achene, eas erowned with the calyx. — Three genera and 25 specles, South Americ 1. ACICARPHA Juss. Annual diffuse or procumbent herbs. Leaves vari- eus: blades of the basal ones usually petioled, those of the cauline leaves sessile to each other.— Three species, South Ameri- can. A. tribuloides Juss. ce hare | 1-4 em 1. dm. tall glabrous: basal leaves 3- 11 long; blades spatulate: blades BE the cauline AMBROSIACEAE . 1297 To rM to peace clasping, all coarsely toothed: sepals about nate: corollas yellow, about 3 mm. long; lobes lanceolate: ee see pres the peer subulate ids 4-5 mm. long.—Fields and road- sides, N Fla. Nat. of S. Am.—Spr.-fall. OrpER CARDUALZES-—CanpUAL, ORDER | Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees. Leaves mainly alternate: blades entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious, few or many aggregated on a receptaele and surrounded with an involuere, or the involucre rarely obsolete. Calyx one or two rows of bristles, scales, a mere border or crown, or obsolete, or wanting. Corolla of several more or less united petals, or wanting. Androecium of usually 5 stamens, the anthers converging, or united. Gynoecium mostly of 2 united carpels. Ovary inferior. Styles or stigmas mostly 2. Fruit an achene. Flowers with tubular ee or those of the outer ones prolonged into ligules. Sta mens distinct, he filaments sometimes united, the anthers mele converging about the stigma. Fam.1. AMBROSIACEAE. St 2 united by their anthers, thus forming a tube ound the stigma, except in Kuhnia. Fam. 2. Flow e with each corolla PEOISBEGR into a ligule. Fain. 3. CICHORIACEAE. Panir 1. AMBROSIACEAE — RAGWEED FAMILY Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubs, e plan ts often coarse. Lea f- blades entire, toothed, lobed, ided. "Flowers in inco nspicuous viden the braets of the pistillate heads distinct or sometimes united and accres- cent drin a bur. Fruit-producing flowers e or i much reduced corollas. Achenes subtended by or enclosed in an involucre. Pappu wanting or obsolete.—Eight genera and about 75 species, mostly rel Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same head, the pistillate marginal, fewer than the staminate, or rarely wanting: heads neither bur- ike nor nut-like Tribe I. IvEAE. PE m pistillate flowers in different heads, the pistil- ate flowers 1—7, enclosed in a bur-like or nut- like involucre, Sich A V. encloses the achenes. , II. AMBROSIEAE. I. IvE Plants with DIESE Bone nodding heads. dud broad or narrow leaf-blades 1. Iva. II. AMBROSIEAE Bracts of the staminate involucre more or less united: ceptacle flat or merely convex: filaments free. Tubercles or spines of the pistillate involucres in single series: fruit with a truncate or equally 3- 5- toothed beak. 2. AMBROSIA. Tubercles or spines in several series: fruit with a p i e beak, the teeth incurved, the outer one the 3. FRANSERIA. Biete M the st aminate ere distinct: receptacle elongate filaments uni Leaves pinnately i o bed: the stipules simple or pronged stipular spines: bur with straight beaks. 4. ACANTHOXANTHIUM. Leaves digitately Seded or lobed, the stipules not spiny: bur with curved or hooked beaks. 5. XANTHIUM. 1. IVA L. Annual or perennial, glabrous, strigose, or hispidulous herbs, or shrubs. Leaves, at least the lower, opposite: blades entire or toothed. eads axillary to leaf-like bracts. Involuere turbinate to hemispheric: bracts 3-6, 1298 AMBROSIACEAE or 5—9 in I. imbricata. Receptacle with large bractlets. Corolla of the pistil- late flowers a truncate tube. Achenes nd flattened, usually obovoid.— About 20 species, Àmerican.—MARSH-ELDE Plants p heads mostly peduncled: bracts of the involucre’ 5-9, or rarely 4. Bracts of ER involucre 6-9, imbricate in two series: leaf- blades e 1. I. imbricata. Bracts of is es olucre 5 or rarely 4, in one series and only slightly overlapping: i es toothed. 2. I. frutescens. Plants ee heads sessile: bracts of the involucre 3, or rarely or Leaf-blades broad, coarsely toothed, petioled: those of the inflorescence different, Eoi. Leaves of the inflorescence with ovate to lanceolate Short-acuminate blades. Leaves of the inflorescence with linear or linear-lanceo- late caudate-acuminate blades 4, I. caudata. Leaf-blades narrow, entire or shallowly toothed, sessile or are -petioled ; those of the e nearly similar, Bracts of the involucre distinct: stam and pistillate Fen three each: leaf-blades lin 5. I. microcephala. Bracts of the involucre partly Suited: ' pistillate flowers usually solitary : leaf-blades oblong 6. I. asperifolia. I. ciliata. e I. imbricata Walt. Perennial with a woody base: stem 1 m. tall or less, smooth and glabrous: leaf-blades linear i linear- ‘elliptic, linear-oblanceolate, or u Or achenes 3-3.5 mm. long. Fia sand- ade m rocky shores Fla. to and . I.)—Sum.—f all. 2. frutescens [M pe pee with a ance base: stem 3.5 r less, pubes cent, at least do pues ‘blades elliptic, linear aren, e Rd or nearly lin above, 4—10 long, d coarsely serrate: involueres 3. aos . high; di E val or obo on schenes | p 2. mm. meee ELDE IG smi). — Salt secum ae muc ouem Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.— Sum | illd. Annual, 1.8 m. x m pos sos piod rough-pubescent: ee blades ae oval, or 'elli iptie, 4— ong, short- Eee d serrate: hea = con tiguous, subtended by Mond) ciliate pm involueres 3—4 high, rough-pubescent: achenes colored, about 3 mm. long, with “saint fue sae ridges.—Moist soil, various as La. to N. M, Nebr., and Ill.; extending as a a weed E to Ala.—Sum.-fall. . I. caudata Small Annual, 1 m. tall or alee stem rather sparingly hispidu- lous: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic, 4-15 em. long, acuminate, eee d un- evenly serrate: cud: contiguous or appr in ate, subtended by coarsely ciliate id involueres oe ET pubesce ent: achenes broadly cuneate-obovoid, 3.5 long, with prom even ridges. cns and low oo yon Plain and adj. ee ate, "Miss. € o La., Mo., and Ill.—Sum.-fal 5. I. microcephala Nutt. Annual, 1 m. tall or less: stem glabrous or minutely pubescent ite ally above, often with numerous erect branches: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 2-5 em. long, entire or shallowly toothed, glandular-punctate: heads con pn ous or nearly so, aa d by subulate or linear-filiform bracts: involuere eampanulate, about 2 mm. high; poseen obovate to dee DNE AMBROSIACEAE 1299 achenes narrowly obovoid, oe 1 mm. DE muriculate.—Low pinelands and prairies, Coastal Plain, Fla. o S. C.—Sum.—winter.—Sometimes a weed. 6. I. asperifolia Less. Annual, or perhaps sometimes perennial, 0.5 m. tall or less: stem sometimes de cumbent, UR e ir rs cent at least above: leaves narrowly elliptie to linear long, entire, aped punetate: heads con dp or approximate: E nm ubere about mm. high; bracts cuneate to suborbieular: achenes obovoid, about mm. es granular- botte do -plaees, Pensacola, Fla. Nat. of Mex. —Sum.—fall. 2. AMBROSIA L. Annual or onal perennial coarse caulescent branch- . Leaves nei or opposite: blades as, lobed, or dissected, TN SRL Heads in spikes or racemes, the staminate above the pistillate, with a usually ced 5—12-lobed Pii PULS involucre erect, nut-like, usually with a single series of tubercles or spines near the apex, the beak truncate or 3- to 4-toothed.—About 20 species, mostly Ameriean.—RaAc WEEDS. | Staminate heads spicate: involucre very oblique, produced on the side away from he stem into a lanceolate acuminate lobe: annuals. I. CERCOMERIS. Staminate heads racemose: involucre slightly, if at all, oblique, not produced into an elongate lobe on either side: annuals or l perennials. II. EUAMBROSIA. I. CER A rough hirsute herb: leaf-blades of a lanceolate type, usually with a lobe on each side near the bas 1. A. bidentata. II. EUAMBROSIA ur: pma e pinnar id. Leaf-blades gre t above: plants annu Fruit-body 2-5 $ ines Mone the beak 1 n "dons or less. monophylla. Fruits rugose. 2. A: Fruits smooth. 3. A. glandulosa. Fruit-body mm. long or more, the beak more than 1 mm. long. xU ‘of the lower is mostly posl IUE nts narrow: staminate heads abou 4. A. elatior. Blades ‘of the lower leaves mostly rege the seg- s broad: staminate heads 4-5 mm. wide. 9. A. Rugeli. Leaf- ies pouce plants nm al. G. A. hispida. Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or 3-5-1 um es uu d petioles : fruits. slightly if at all pitted tween t e ridges whieh end in short conic spines. 7. A. trifida. Leaves with wingless petioles: fruits poo between the ridges which end in tubercle- like spines 8. A. aptera. 1. A. bidentata Michx. Stem tall or less, rough hirsute: leaf-blades lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or ate ac. 2-8 em. long, each with a n lobe- ed tooth on one or both sides near the staminate involuere ue up pistillate heads solitary or tw gether in the axils: fruit 6-7 mm. jus Ea m adj. provinces, Miss. to Tex., Nebr Ky.—Sum.—fall. 2. A. monophylla (Walt.) Rydb. Stem 1.5 m. tall or less, pubescent with lax more or less scattered a Sn blades pclae bipinnati fid, or those of upper leaves innatifid or merely iota BER dE above, 1300 AMBROSIACEAE pucr Pau, the segments lanceolate, acute: staminate involucre broadly obco . high: n it 2.5-3 mm. high, the body obovoid, d vi th ao conic spines.—Prairies, ale dunes, pinela nds, and Wah nm Plain, Fla. io Tex. and N.C —(W. I.)—All yea 3. A, glandulosa Scheele. Stem 1 m. tall or less, sparingly pubescent: leaf- blades bipinnatifid or pinnatifid, strigose on both sides, the segments a 24 linear-lanceolate, acute or acumi inate e: Pn uc involuere saucer-shaped, mm. pese ios bg 2.5 mm. long, the body broadly obovoid, short- De with usually 6 D cu eed —Low grounds, river- -bottoms, and banks, bu Plain, W Fla. to Tex.—Sum.-fall. A. elatior L. Stem 1.5 m. tall or less; more or less hirsute: leaf-blades bipinnatifid or those of the upper ones m erely pinnati ifid, strigillose oo often hirsute beneath, the segments lanceo nate to subelliptie, usually aeute: stami- nate eU saucer- shaped, 1-1.5 mm. high: i 4-4.5 mm. lon the body obovoid, often broadly. rather ine -beak ed, with 5-7 dd dde I c: artemisiifolia Fl. S.]—(Ro yu Woratwoop. EED.)—Dry soil, den E prairies, pinelands, and cult. grounds, various OE N. C. to Tex., Calif., Wash., and N. S.—(W. I.)—Spr.-fall Rugeli Rydb. Stem 1 m. tall or less, ne hirsute: leaf-blades pin- 5. A. natifid or partly nd hispidulous and strongly ir the Sur | . high: ovate to PEE: te: staminate involucre shallowly cupulat 1.5- 2 fruit 4-4.5 mm. long, the body Pr short- d e with 5 or 6 pen DH or tubercle- like spines.—Sand-dun and pin elands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Sum.—fall.—The short- ‘petioled. or sessile ee turn dark in dr rying. A. hispida Pursh. Stem and branches prostrate, creeping, several m. long or less, white hirsute or hispidulous: leaf-blades pares broadly ovate in outline, the segments divergent, ovate to obovate, obtuse or merely ae staminate involucre cupulate, about 2 mm. m. high: E 3.5—4 mm. long, the body veinlv, denne. short- beaked, with 1-5 unequal short-conic spines, w e in tal dunes, Pla— (W. I, Mez., C. A., S. A.)—AIl yea Often efficacious as a sand-binder 7. A. trifida L. Stem 5 m. tall or less, wood d Or od leaf- pes except sometimes those of the upper ones, 3- or 5-lobed, mostly 1-3 dm. long; a ovate to la ene pen serrate: sta minat te soe saucer-shaped, mE l high: fruit 7-8 mm. long, the body broadly obovoid, with 6 or 7 ridges iuh end in short-conie spines, stout-beaked.— (GREAT-RAGWEED. HORSE-CANE.) —River- Lape z Lina and waste-places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Colo., B. C., —Sum.—fall.—Plants ce juvenile main stem is cut off, pr oduce e i ‘blades. 8. A. aptera DC. Stem 5 m. tall or less, scabrous: leaf-blades, except some of the upper ones, 3- or 5-lobed, the lobes lanceolate to ov | coarsely serrate or unev in toothed: staminate pu saucer- pu d about 1 mm. high: fruit 5-6 mm. long, the body obovoid, h 4-8 ridges which 2 in “tubercle -like Ne pou aked.—Low grou aad a wet places, various provinces, Miss to Ariz.—Sum.-fall.—In this and the next preceding species, the staminate in- voluere and corollas are black-streaked. FRANSERIA Cav. Anualor perennial eaulescent herbs, or low shrubs: leaves mos or opposite: blades toothed or dissected. Heads in spikes or AMBROSIACEAE | 1301 racemes, the staminate with saucer-shaped or turbinate lobed involueres. Pistillate in- voluere of several fused bracts, nut-like, be- coming a several. or many-spined - 2- lipped or 2-beaked at the tip.—About 25 species, American.—RAGWEEDS F. confertiflora (DC.) Rydb. Peren- nial, 2 m. tall or less, more or less strigose: acute, the terminal o longate: stami- nate inv e 2 mm. h nearl 0, hirsutulous: fruit ovoid or globose in outline, 2-3 i, eak and usually 6-18 spines.—Plains and moist pounds various provinces, Tenn. to Tex., N. M., and Colo.—(Mez.)—Sum.-f 4. ACANTHOXANTHIUM Fourr.1 . Coarse monoecious annuit herbs. Leaves alternate, with 3-pronged or simple stipular spines: blades pinnately lobed or entire. Staminate heads mostly in terminal capitate clusters: involuere of dis- tinct bracts: corolla tubular-funnelfo lobed: filaments ee Pistillate involucres axillary, closed, or 2-beaked or sometimes beakless, the "" y cylindric- ellipsoid, 1- or 2-flowered, armed with nu- merous spines which are first bent eid bur.—Four species, South American. | . A. spinosum (L.) Fourr. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, in age stramineous, branched: deg blades lanceolate, entire rs 3—5-lobed, p ia above, white- Vu beneath, 5-10 em. a spines 3-pronged, up to ong: bur with m ellipsoid Pa 10- 13 mm. long, pubescent, the Lies about 2 mm. long; the beaks up to 3 mm. lon P [ Xanthium a L. ]—(CLoTBUR. E io fields, and roadsides, 20 us provi Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C., and Me. Nat. of S. Am.—(W. I., Mes., C. A. 0 W.) — Sum l 9. XANTHIUM I.1 Coarse monoecious annual herbs. Leaves alter- nate: blades usually ovate to reniform in outline, more or less digitately 3-5- Icbed, often cordate at the base. Staminate heads in terminal spikes or racemes: involucre of distinct bracts in 1-3 series: corolla 1 ee 5-lobed laments monadelphous. Pistillate involucre closed, or 3-beaked, the WES P fusiform, ellipsoid, or ovoid, 2- or 3-flowered, ped oi M which re hooked at the apex, the beaks nearly equal, m r less curved, 2-lobed, a: outer lobe the longer and incurved: corolla onde stigmas 2. Achene 3 Contributed by the late Per Axel Rydberg. 1302 AMBROSIACEAE solitary in each eavity of the bur.—About 40 species, widely distributed.— Sum.—CroTBURS. BURWEEDS. COCKLEBURS. Body of the bur 1.5-3 cm. lon * Bur nc P orn edt OUDCRHISDE hispidulous, or glabrate. B e bur broadly fusiform, nearly half as wide 1. X. americanum. Body f the bur almost cylindric, about a third as wide as long. 2. X. cylindraceum. Bur more or less T hispid, especially on the lower part of the spin Body of the bur. cylindro. fusiform, about a third as wide as long, less than 2 em. long; spines 5-7 mm long. 3. X. pennsylvanicum. Dody of A ad ellipsoid, half as wide as long or nearly Body of the bur about 1.5—1.8 cm. long; spines 3 mm. long. 4, X. echinatum. so of d bur about 2.5—3 cm. long; spines 8-11 lon 5. X. speciosum. Body of the hie about 1 em. long. 6. X. echinellum. . X. americanum Bo Plant pabo or finely pubescent, 2—13 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to deltoid, 5-30 e ous om ody of the bur broadly eee 15-18 mm. long, tion pes with | 100-2 slender, more or less hooked s spines, whic ^ 'e 3-4 mm. long, and is equalling. the beaks which are straight nearly to the apex. p chinense mL & Sherff scarce- ly Mil. X. glabratum (DC.) Britton ]— Waste- -places, a grounds, E npe various provinces, Fla. to , Nebr., and Tas SS. - Xx. icu ME Millsp. & Sherff. Plant ough-puberulent, 5-15 - tall: leaf- blades deltoid. ovate, 8—10 b: ng: body of the bur almost cylindrie, pem a 125- 175 ad i x d SP! ines about 3 mm tong; - bea long, aa gly i rved ae E ‘old fields, and ae grounds, Piedmont, N. C. 3. X. pennsylvanicum Wallr. Plant rough-pubescent, at least above, 2-6 dm tall: leaf-blades ovate to reniform: body of the bur cylindro-fusiform, 15-20 mm. long, the spines 100—150, n as long as the dia meter of the body; beaks 4-6 mm. long, often incurved.—Rich soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Mass., and Va. echinatum Murr. ru rough-pubescent, 3-16 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to deltoid, or reniform: bod of the bur ellipsoid, 15-18 mm. long, his pid, the spines 100— 200, sto ut, more or less hooked; beaks 3-5 mm. long, Pont: e ved.—Rive r-banks, beaches, and waste-places, various provinces, N. C. c Nebr., N. D., and Me. 5. X. speciosum Kearney. Plant somewhat pubescent, 10-15 dm. tall: leaf- blades deltoid-ovate to somewhat reniform: body of the bur 25-30 m E pubescent and E beset with 200 or more ineurved spines; beaks 8-1 mn long; MUR n Interior Low Plateaus and adj. DEO E Tenn. to Tex., Mont., and Mi inellum Greene. Plant sparingly hispidulous and the stem striate and reddish: leaf- blades broadly cordate, 5-18 em. long and fully as wide, 3- CARDUACEAE 1303 ribbed, 3-5-lobed: burs 3-8 together; body about 1 cm. long, about 5 mm. m P E glandular-puberulent, the spines 150-200, slender, about 3 ong; beaks stout, ascending, nearly straight, 4 mm. long. — Clay TON Famity 2. CARDUACEAE Necx.— THISTLE FAMILY Herbs or rarely shrubs, or sometimes trees in tropieal regions. Leaves opposite or alternate, sometimes all puse without stipules; blades various. Flowers perfect, pistillate, or neutral, or sometimes monoecious or dioecious, when ray-flowers are present the head is said to be radiate, when wanting it is said to be discoid. Androecium of 5 stamens: filaments mostly adnate to "o corolla-tube: anthers often appendaged at the apex and sometimes also at the base, united into a ring (syngenecious) except in Kuhnia. Gynoecium A T ary. Ovary wa 1-celle Stigmas of the fruc- tiferous flow . Ovule solitary. Fruit an achene. Seed erect —Abou 800 genera har 10,000 species, of wide geographie distribution. In the following figures the filaments and the anthers are not always shown in proper proportions. Anthers not caudate at the H iscoid, but rarely with the auies split on one side and thus ligulate: rollas varying from white to red or blue, never yellow or brown: stigmas half-cyli ndric. tigmas m elongate, acute, with stigmatic part on the inside, hispidulous with Achene a 4-angled, or if 4-angled not clavate: pappus-squamellae, if any, not with strong midribs. Tribe I. VERNONIEAE. Achenes 4-angled, clavate: pappus of elonga te Squamellae with strong midribs (Palafowia and olypteris in VII. HELENIEAE. Stigmas somewhat elongate, obtuse or rounded at the I with the stigmatic part on the inside only ar the base, the upper portion, as well as the out- side, hispidulous II. EUPATORIEAE. Heads radiate, Or, if discoid, the disk-eorollas usually yellow or brown stigmas either without appen- dages, truncate or rounded a e apex, or with acute appendages. n^. dn e bracts, or both, with conspicuous resinous . VIII. TAGETEAE. Leaves "nd bracts without resinous glands (rarely netate with oil glands). Boon us of squamellae or stiff bristles, or coroni- orm, or dn ing. Involugral bracts not scarious-margined, usu- y green and more pi less ioa coe Recopie chaffy (paleaceous VI. HELIANTHEAE. Receptacle naked o m EE A in Gaillardia. i Involu eral brac imbricate in several ries. III. ASTEREAE. Involueral bracts in 1 or 2 subequal NM © VII. HELENIEAE. Involueral eae Ne dry scarious or hyaline argins or ti Pappus of E E stigmas with acute or acutish appendages. VII. HELENIEAE. Pappus AR wanting: stigmas truncate at the IX. ANTHEMIDEAE. 1304 CARDUACEAE Pappus, at least in part, of many capillary bristles. Stigmas flattened, with appendages, hairy on the outside: involucres imbricate. III. ASTEREAE. Stigmas terete, truncate, or appendaged : in- volucral bracts in one series. X. SENECINEAE. Anthers caudate at the bas Stigmas without a ring of long hairs below. Dis k-corollas not 2-lipped. |. Pisti s flowers with filiform corollas, without igule IV. ne: IEAE. Pistillate flowers with ligylate corollas. V. INULEAE. Disk- se 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, lower XII. MUTISIEAE. Stigmas Siti a ring of long hairs at the base of the stigmatic portion: heads discoid or the ray-corollas actino- morphic and neutral. XI. CXNAREAE. VERNONIEAE Corollas all alike, equal: bracts S the ion unap- n : Pappus of 2 series: corollas regular: heads many- pappus persistent: perenni ials. 1. VERNONIA. Achenes terete, ribless: inner series of the pappus eciduous: annuals. 2. SENECIODES. Pappus simple: corollas irregular, split on the inner side: RE 2-5-flowered, in involucrate heads of a second or 3. ELEPHANTOPUS. Corollas of the EA flowers enlarged, oblique: inner series of brac ts with pectinate-spinulose e 4. STOKESIA. pendages . EUPATORIEAE . Anthers truncate or broadly rounded at the apex, the con- nective without appendages: heads few-flowered. D. HARTWRIGHTIA. Anthers beue c connective produced into an appendage at the Achenes Rm 5- in ngled. Pap of squamellae, sometimes cup- -like or pos -like Leaves n ede bracts of the involucre nerve- ess: oe tube abruptly dilated into the broad thro 6. SCLEROLEPIS. Leaves oppo ie , or alternate 2 bracts o ne mo ICE striate: rolla narrow througho T. AGERATUM. Pappus of. cloncute bristles or hairs. Inv E ~ racts more than 4: flowers Hecaptacle of the flowers flat. In volu eral braets leathery or coriaceous, in several series, striate. S. OSMIA. Involucral bracts thin, membranous, in l-few series, few- Ted s ribless. 9. EUPATORIUM. Receptacle conic or hemisphe 10. oe Involucral bracts and flowers 4. 11. Mika Achenes 8-10-ribbed or 8-10-striate. Inv nd bracts in several series, well imbricate. Bra not herbaceous, thin, striate eae. -bristles scabrous barbellate : cnc um united : involucisl- Peace usually 12. COLEOSANTHUS. Pappus- -bristles plumose : anthers distinct: l involueral bracts few. 13. KUBNIA. Bracts dana or partly colored, not stri- ate: pappus of capillary or plumose bri stles Rocca die chaffy: heads corymbose. 14. CARPHEPHORUS. Receptacle nake Herbs heads Spicate or rac se: bracts of the involucre Spirals imbricate. Heads corymbose: basal leaves i depressed rosettes ; mde: rather ‘oad. 15. LITRISA4. CARDUACEAE enu Ee or racemose or rarely mose: 2 tes not in nearly s Pappus in one “er es of bristles: leaves herbaceous: plant usually with a globose- 0 dy root. Pappus in two series, the o uter e involuere imbricate in definite verti- cal r Involueral bracts avea little ipate not striate. III. ASTEREAE Plants not dioecious. Ri d yellow or none or white in Solidago Pappus of squamellae or awns, or wanting, not of capillary bristles. Heads small, few-fl wered: involucre cam- pa anulate or cylindr rie, not more than 5 mm. high: piu of the ray 10 or less, on Disk-flowers sterile: leaves with narrow entire blades. Disk-flowers fertile: leaves with .cordate toothed blades Heads larger, many- -flowered : involucre hemi- spheric or depressed : ligules of the ray 12 or more, 1 cm. long or more (wanting in a dod species) : pappus of 2—8 deciduous stout Pappu. at] ast in part, of capillary bristles. Pa Ppus double, at least in the disk-flowers, the of eapillary bristles, the outer of Short squamellae or short bristle es. m flattened, with well developed Leaf blades not w glabrous or pubescent, ut not silky: achene somewhat turgid, turbinate, oe or ellipsoid- obovoid, with no Leaf-blades grass- -like, silky- Cente : achene Eder ha aped, with more or lass of a Ray-achenes turgid, with obsolete or oroniform papp Pappus simple. Hea S discoid. l A ooo turbinate; bracts o ess arranged in definite Cea 5) e ranks. Involuere broa dly turbinate to hemi- spheric ; bracts squarrose, imbricate, put not in definite vertical ranks Heads radiate Leaf- blades pinnatifid or toothed ; _ lobes or teeth spinulose-tipped. Leaf-blades entire or toothed, the teeth not bristle-tippe l Pappus-bristles elongate, amang or onger than the ach nen Bracts of the involucr neither longitudinally Tibbed nor striate. Annual or biennial herbs. iam herbs or under- S Ray- flowers not more nu- merous than the disk-flowers : recep- 16. LACINIARIA. 17. AMMOPURSUS. 18. GARBERIA. 19. TRILISA. 20. AMPHIACHYRIS. 33. BRACHYCHAETA 21. GRINDELIA. 22. CHRYSOPSIS. 23. PITYOPSIS. 24. HETEROTHECA, 25. CHONDROPHORA. 26. BRINTONIA. :21Y. SIDERANTHUS. 28. ISOPAPPUS. 1305 1306 CARDUACEAE tacle alveolate or pitted. Leaves with distinct depressions ; blades veinless, entir un der-shru Leaves without depres- sions; blades veiny, usually toothed: herbs. Ray-flowers more numer- than the disk- Aoa. receptacle fim briolate; heads corym- ose. Bracts of the involucre longitu- dinally ribbed or striate. Pappus- Mo mueh shorter than the ach mud blue, purple, pink: or white. Pappu mere crown or of a few squamellae, or balale MM or wanting. Pappus of a mere crown or wanting crown: "d ot the in- volucre imbricate in few se Pappus of a series of short qua eliae and usually also 2-4 slender bristles. Pappus, at Meee of the disk-flowers, of numerous capillary bristles Ray-cor dr conspicuous, longer than the pap- pu or “exceeding the disk, spreadin Stigma-tips lanceolate to filiform. ADEM wae not two distinct Disk-corollas as well as cre Ips. Bracts Hob dé nds their green erc Te ic (see Solidago bic Disk- corollas typically yellow, chang- ing to red, brown, or purple: ray- o various: bracts of the in- cre in se veral series, more or Tess. D COUS. a least at the tip: perennials with ootstocks. PUEDE. distinetly double. the outer series of short subulate bristles. inue n -bristles clavate at the apex: bracts of the involucre thin- coriaceous, without T PACTON tips, shorter than the dis Inner pappus-bristles o throughout: bracts of the involu- cre equaling the disk. Stigma itin triangular or ovate, obtuse, dad do d xe of the involucre in -2, se Ray-corollas inconspi ipe not longer than the pappus: ligules of the ray short and erect: stigma-tips obtuse. Plants dioecious: eads unisexual, discoid: pappus- bristles of the staminate flowers with clavate tips. IV. GNAPHALIEAE Receptacle not chaffy. Involucral bracts not scarious: stigmas of the perfect usually sterile) flowers elongate and acute. Stem not winged by the decurrent leaves: invo- lueral braets persistent, Caulescent herbs or shrubs: stem and branches not wiry. 20. CHRYSOMA. 30. SOLIDAGO. 31. EUTHAMIA. 32. OLIGONEURON. 33. BRACHYCHAETA. 34. ASTRANTHIUM,. 35. APHANOSTEPHUS. 36. BOLTONIA. 38 39 43. 44. . SOLIDAGO. . ASTER. . DOELLINGERIA. . IONACTIS. . ERIGERON. . LEPTILON. BACCHARIS. > | . SERICOCARPUS. PLUCHEA. CARDUACEAE Acaulescent herbs: scape and D wiry. Stem winged by the decent leaves: involucral braets mostly dno mon bracts seario with searious colored tips: stigmas of the perfect flowers short, trun- eate, distinct or sometimes united. Plants dioecious or the pistillate heads with a few hermaphrodite flowers = the center: aries flowers usually steri ee ee of the vistillate flowers falling a ring: central perfect flowers none. Pace bristles of the nr din falling off separate: central perfe wers present i n the pistillate heads. Plants - us E flowers pistillate or perfect, a e Pappus-bristles capillary, not plumose. Pa ees -bristles plumose. Receptacle cha Rec ON. Subulate: perfect flowers fertile, their Beceptacle Demi phe: Seriel fiowers usually sterile, their achenes without pappus. | INULEAE Achene not contracted at the apex into a short neck: pappus-bristles not united at the base into a cup. Achene 4-angled: outer involueral bracts foliaceous. Achene not angled : involueral bracts not DEO Achene contracted at the apex into a nec bristles united at the base into a cup. VI. HELIANTHEAE Disk-flowers perfect, but sterile. Achene thick, not conspicuously flattened: pappus wanting. Inner involucral bracts smooth, merely embracing Achenes strongly many-striate: leaves pal- € ae ER 5-ribbed or 3-5- angled : leaves pin- ate € J3avolücrat bracts prickly, closely and pe rma- y enclosing the achenes and falling off with hom: Achene conspicuously flattened. ree uing free, wing-margin Achen dnate o2 or 3. BERCHIES abe diag as ie ny sterile Foetal: and falling away with them, win Ligules of i. ay well developed, plane and serted : receptacle flat. iene opposite: pappus semicupulate, 4.€., Dd the erown developed on the outside nly. Leaves alternate: pappus wanting or of 2 ort awns or teeth. eae of the ray poorly developed, reduced z small lobe or 2 or 3 teeth, the marginal corol- las reduced to a truncate or obliquely cleft Disk-flowers per rfect and fer tile. Rb eben: d persiste ent on the achenes and becoming papery in texture: ray-flowers E. A of the Yai sk-flowers flattened or ae 4-angled ; those of the ray-flowers octo 3-an : ractlets conduplicate around the ache ae U Achenes not flattened : involucre broad: receptacle convex or Ray-corollas Newlate’ “deciduous from the achenes, or heads discoid. Involucre conspicuously 4- (rarely 5-) angled in the pud: braets AD = or 5, foliaceous, val- vate, connate at the bas PN c Ce e 1307 . SACHSIA. . PTEROCAULON. . ANTENNARIA, . ANAPHALIS. . GNAPHALIUM. . FACELIS. . GIFOLA. . FILAGINOPSIS. . INULA. 54. . CUPULARIA, VICOA. 56. SMALLANTHUS, 77 t oO Ct e c 3. . HELIOPSIS. . POLYMNIA. . ACANTHOSPERMUM. . SILPHIUM. . CHRYSOGONUM. . BERLANDIERA. . PARTHENIUM. ZINNIA. . TETRAGONOTHECA.. 1308 CARDUACEAE Involucre not 4- neut braets several. or numer- ous, distin Papp ing, or of a few squamellae or awns on the angles of the achenes, and rarely Some minute ones interposed. ne pu least pos of the disk, not ob- essed, i.€., if compressed, ar- y. puc of the receptacle mere chaffy awns or bristles: disk-corollas 4- or 5-lobed: achenes of the disk com- pressed ; those of the ray 3-side Po of the eee concave or con- up E n the involucre dry apery: heads usually discoid : pappus of few, slender awn Bracts of the involucre lier dosode or foliaceous: heads usually d radiate. Receptacle hi gh, hemispheric, conie, subuiate, columnar, or globos Ray- d fertile: stigmas of the disk-flowers es cate: pappus an awn n a: more achene- hee N oda sterile stigmas of the disk-flowers with Achen les 4-an Re SU r terete, wingle Disk- corel is without a tube: ligules of the ray purplish, rarely white or rtt corolla- ube. Achene terete. Achenes compressed, Dati or wing- Receptacle ' columnar M = os invo AT A Receptacle Eo bose b Ep of p molt re Sepe flat or Mom rely convex, arely Somouhdt conic. Achene not strongly com- des ed, not wing-mar- Ray-flowers fer es oa or those “of the disk ob- scurely angled: herbs. us ‘consisting of a small crown or want- ‘fe c c 66. VERBESINA. (. MELANTHERA. . SPILANTUES, . ECHINACEA. . VIGUIERA. . RUDBECKIA. . DRACOPIS. . RATIBIDA. . RIDAN. CARDUACEAE ` Pappus of several 0 e ray mostly 2-cleft. Pappus of several distinct paleae, and occasionally with 2 additional short awns. neues Sharply 4-an- led or those of the rays 3-angled: rubs sh S. Ray- ona sterile or nn ng: e less com- pee ca 4. -angled. Pappus of several two ne Seridw Pappus of few ear rly deciduous awns: in- Marice: bracts in 3 r 4 series. Achene renee compressed. Receptacle flat or convex: racts ue s involu- cre num Intermediate. unm of the pappus pd esent or the awns connected by their bases. Intermediate squamel- ate o hemi- tary or few to- gether : achenes 19. 76. Ld -1 T8. 79. oo e 82. . WEDELIA. STEMMODONTIA, PASCALIA. . DORRICHIA. TITHONIA, HELIANTHUS. . PHOEBANTHUS. . XIMENESIA. PHAETHUSA. 1309 1310 CARDUACEAE with oe or obsolet awns. Bp RE bracts the involucre few: m S decurrent. Achenes decidedly obcom- M UOCE simple, of 10r 2 herbaceous and sev- eral ehaffy bracts. a of the ray with endin marginal bristles. Been of the ray ithout marginal br istles HUMO E manifestly ¢ ee ter Pappus of many similar squamel Bac i the feudis RU forming ir ES receptacle resembling a aon i200 vers neutra Pits of ae E ET with ad erose- toothed edges: head solitary: ray- "S Pits of the re eceptacle with cuspidate and erose to ae edges: heads corym- bose: ray-flower Paleae of the receptacle distinct, thin. Ra pond wers wan ing squamellae of the appus nerveles Ray-flowers Abe pistillate and fer- Squamellae of the pappus of the disk ers with thick midribs and An bri ate margins. Squamellae of the pappus aristate- acuminate, plumose-ciliate. VII. HEL DONE E 8-5-angled, or if less ene so, t Stigm m either short or with a distinct appendage, not ispidulous to or below the fork; either disk- or ay-corollas or both yellow, if purple the in- uo. not narrow. Bracts of the involuere wholly herbaceous, or some- Me at chartaceous at the base, without scari- margi Involucre companulate or hemispheric; bracts dh or ascending, not reflexed ; outer the tips r refle xed. Receptacle not bristly: pappus-scales thin and scarious, the midrib, when present, not beco in Receptacle bristly, Ga ae triangular fimbrillate, or naked: pappus-scales Scari- 83. PTEROPHYTON. 84. RIDAN. 85. SYNEDRELLA, 85a. CALYPTOCARPUS. 86. COREOPSIS. 87. BIDENS. 88. COSMOS. 89. ISNDORIMA. 90. ACTINOSPERMUM.,. 91. MARSHALLIA. 09. GALINSOGA. O3. TRIDAX. O4. HYMENOXYS. 95. HELENIUM. CARDUACEAE sss any, pA Shorter than e long linear he noe of the disk- -corollas cylindric, much longer n the lan etr lobes and the tu tbe. VI TAGETEAE Stigmas of the perfect flowers elon ngate, appendiculate or truncate: leaves, if simple, not bristly-ciliate. Saan of the receptacle few, 3-10, som a 10 n Squamellae of the Ep n or Bie rarely less, each with 9 or e stiff bri Stigmas of the Doct. Aa Shere ‘elliptic: we sim- ple, bristly-ciliate, at least to wards the bas IX. ANTHEMIDEAE du co with chaff, this ME of usually mem- ran ous, concave, elongate paleae m hombie or o or ubr obliquely triquetrous in cross-section: tube of the disk-corollas more or less flattened: heads small: short. ligules of the ray few, Bene Re aaie obovoid, or ellipsoid : heads ens broad: ligules of the ray P COHEDACBONS Ray-flowers fertile: paleae of n receptacle mem- bra S, or WE in Ormenis, sub- fending all the Tube of Bae disk- corollas produced into a spur- like appendage at ag ligules of the Ray-flow wers ne eutral: paleae of the receptacle subu- ate, stiff, subtending oniy c ee flowers. ] Receptacle without chaff, naked o Heads radiate, with eund “flat "cuisse eltoid, mostly obtu Papas Pre more oe Jess S bose: Schede with 3-5 de on the anther-tips crown or or subglo- inner half, Receptacle convex or rly flat: achene equally 5-10-r ibbed or 5- 10- -angled. Pappus, at least of the disk-flowers, wantin ng. Achenes all 10-ribbed or 10-angled: ligules of the ray white o: pink. Achenes of the ray-flowers 2- or 3-winged : i the ray llow ligules of A Heads discoid or apparently s : pi istillate et ea if presen nt, without well. -developed li Marginal ps flowers, if p nt, las metimes aun in a Ten EM ten Anthers with ovate obtuse tips: t a o Artemis corollas of he marginal lowers dni pappus coroni- wn o © e -1 © 9. 1311 . GAILLARDIA. . HYMENOPAPPUS. . POLYPTERIS. PALAFOXIA. . FLAVERIA. . TAGETES. . BOEBERA. . PECTIS. . ACHILLEA. . ORMENIS. . ANTHEMIS. . MARUTA. . CHAMOMILLA. . MATRICARIA. . LEUCANTHEMUM. . CHRYSANTHEMUM. - TANACETUM. 113. ARTEMISIA. 1312 CARDUACEAE Achenes not hairy at the apex, with thin flat wings: disk-corollas cylindric, without dif- ferentiation between tube and roat: an- thers broad, rounded at the base. 114. SOLIVA. Achenes villous at the apex, with thick corky wings: disk-corollas with a slender tube and elongate funnelform throat: oo S narrow, somewhat sagittate at the bas 115. GYMNOSTYLES. X. SENECINEAE Leaves opposite, but in our species all near uc base 116. ARNICA. Leaves alternate. igmas filifo rm, oo acute: throat of the corolla eylindr Heads with no em involucre: achene 5-angled. 117. IJMILIA. Heads with dois er involucre present: achene 8-10 ribbed, teret 118. GYNURA. Stigmas short, truncate at the apex: throat of the corolla campa Heads discoid ; corollas whitish or pinki sh Maren vistillate flowers wanting, the flowers Corolla. o "longer than the throat: in- volucral bracts 5-8: center of the recep- tacle usually with a fleshy point. . 119. MESADENIA. Corolla-lobes not longer than the throat: nal pistil bracts 12—15: i dr flat. 120. SXNOSMA. more Pa than those a the isk-flowers. 121. ERECHTITES. uU 21 radiate, if discoid the corollas 22. SENECIO. XI. CYNA Achenes PEINE by their very bases or ids So, not obliq is E “the involucre hooked: leaves not with spinose lobes and tips. 123. ARCTIUM. Bracts of the involucre a hooked: leaves with spinose lobes and ti Filaments papillose or DSE fre Receptacle bristly: pappus- Dedes plumose. 124. CIRSIUM. BED deeply honeycom mbed, the pits with ed margin: pappus- “bristles scabrous A oa e. 125. ONOPORDON. Filaments glabrous, uui pe a tube: receptacles istly : pappus barbell 126. MARIANA. Achenes inserted obliquely on the T 4 ene truncate at the apex ete ac eee series uo subtended by several spiny orsus 127. CENTAUREA. head subtended by several spiny es. 128. CNICUS. XII. MUTISIEAE Heads heterogamous : marginal corollas ligulate. 129. CHAPTALIA. 1. Perennial, caulescent or scapose herbs. Leaves alternate: blades narrow or broad, mostly toot thed. Heads not involuerate. urple or white. Corolla-lobes one to linear. Anther-appendages ices to elliptic. Achene 10-ri r -grooved. Pappus double, the outer series of scales or stout bristles, the inner of numerous capillary be iles, Po series persistent.—About 500 species, most abundant in South Ameriea.—IRON WEEDS.—Sum.-fall or all year Plant caulescent : leaves mainly cauline. Bracts of the involucre, at least some of them, with filiform or subulate tips. Leaf-blades smooth above. I. NOVEBORACENSES. Leaf-blades scabrous above. II. SCABERRIMAE. Bracts of the involucre obtuse, acute, or acumina eaf-blades, at least above pid 22 se of the 'stem, narrow, mostly of a linea III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE. CARDUACEAE Leaf-blades broad, of an ovate, or lanceolate type. Le A id or thinly pubescent and rous Leaf-blades tomentose beneath. Plant scapose: leaves basal or mainly So. I. NOVEBORACENSES Pappus purple or tawny-purple. Head with 42 flowers or less : bracts of the involucre Head with 55 flowers or more: bracts mainly lanceo- late, each gradually narrowed into ip. Pappus stramineous. II. SCABERRIMAE Leaf-blades broad, mostly 3 or 4 times as long as wide, prominently serrate, sometimes coarsely so. Leaf-blades narrow, mostly ae 16 times as long as wide, entire or merely: aerate M 5: oe oe closely a at the base, the rved or spreadin Eu ef the- mo APS a appressed at the base, the tips not r ved. III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE Leaf-blades scabrous above. Leaf-blades linear; usually narrowly so, revolute. Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate to p a not revolute, Mic ae smooth and glabrous or nea eads about 13-flowered. Heads about 21- Hlowered: IV. ALTISSIMAE Head with 13 flowers or less. Head with 18 flowers or more. appus purple or purplish. Bracts at Ha involucre rounded at the apex, bruptly tip Bracs pti the involucre acute or D e. Pappus tawny or yellowish, or stramineou Involucre 5-6 mm. high; ; bracts aya p^ cuspidate, Involucre 3-4 mm. high ; braets obtuse or subacute. V. IN Bracts of the involucre with CEDE i i. head with mostly 29 flowers ór m Bracts of the involucre with o ade or reflexed tips: head 18—34-flowered. VI. ACA Blades of the basal oA elliptic, a spatulate, 1313 IV. ALTISSIMAE. V. 2 n VI. AcA 1. V. noveboracensis. 2. V. Harperi. 3. V. glauca. 4. V. pulchella. 5. V. recurva. . V. scaberrima. 7. V. angustifolia. 8. V. dissimilis. 9. V. concinna. 10. V. Blodgettii. 11. V. gigantea. 2. V. altissima. 13. V. ovalifolia. 13. V. ovalifolia. 14. V. flaccidifolia. 15. V. missurica. 16. V. Baldwin. or obovate, 3-7 cm. 17. V. acaulis. Blades of the basal ieee OERA 1-2 cm. wide. 18. V. georgiana. 1. V. E (L.) Willd. Stem 1-3 m. tall, glabrous or thinly pubescent, branching above: leaves rather numerous; blades linear-lanceolate or eee ae 1-2 dm. long, nate, finely serrate or nearly entire: cou 1-3 dm. br commonly irregular: invo- y luere hemispheric, 6-7 mm. high; bracts ciliate: pie about 10 mm. long: 4—4.5 mm. long, aay cared iiss the sharp anoles: pappus purple or tawny- purple.—Woods, thickets, meadows, and open places, various provinces, Ga. to Miss., Ont., and Mass. . V. Harperi Gleas Stem 1 m. tall more, puberulent, dine dy bran ched above: leaves numerous; blades lanceolate, 1314 |» GARDUACEAE 12-18 em. long or smaller near bud for of the stem, thin, acuminate, dentate- serrate: corymb 3 dm. wide or , lax: involuere br oadl campanulate, 7-9 mm. high; bracts d ph en, with ovate. or r triangular- -ovate bases and erect elongate tips, arachnoid-ciliate: achene ong, pu bescent on the ribs: pappus dull-purple. Bi iem grounds iu pis EU in the Coastal Plain of Ga. 3. V. glauca (L.) Britton. Stem 1-2 m. tall glabrous or nearly so, oft ecd puc above: leaves numerous; n linear-lanceolate to elliptic or ellipti ceolate ee om short-acuminate sharply ia saliently serrate: high; bra eor Bb ug dm. bro ad: aa about mm. hig ets | oe pn _llipti, "purple, the outer ones Hoe ee glabrous rly long, with Es sharp ribs barbe d: pappus es neous. he d ln latifolia A. Gray.]—Wooded vU and river- rom various DIOC. N of Coastal Plain, ga. to Ala., Pa., and N 4. V. pulchella Small. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, pubescent, branched above: leaves age age id -aneeolate or. elliptic o or sometimes narrower above, 2—10 e . lon ng, acute, rate, often sharply so, somewhat crisped, revolute, o o not all ee: eorymb 1-1.5 dm. broad: involuere campanulate, 6-7 mm. high; bracts lanceolate to linear-elliptie, prolonged into soft linear- subulate spreading or reeurved tips, often purplish: achene about 3 mm. lon pappus stramineous —— Sand- hills, Coastal Plain, Ga. and S. C. 5. V. recurva Gleason. Stem about 7 dm. tall, Paci belo w, glabrate above: leaves firm, mostly near the base of the s blades elliptic- -linear to linear, 5-7 cm. long, or shorter above, acute, drm entire Or spar ingly callous-toothed, E edm eames at the base: eorymb about 15 cm. wide: involucre cylindric-campanulate, about 8 mm. high; bracts ird 5 elliptic- a ean acuminate, B at the [v the long tips recurved or spread- ing: long, pubescent on the angles: pappus tawny.—Dry pine- ia, ‘Coastal "Plain, SE Ga. 6. V. scaberrima Nutt. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, glabrous or dap aru below, usually branched: leaves firm; blades linear ‘to linear-elliptic, 1.5-8 em. long, acute, entire or remotely d sessile or arly n: ordate Or ord at id base: eorymb with eomparatively few he: ace nvolu e campanulate, 5—6 . high: vien ond Tee p elliptie, i into rigid subulate tips: Shae about 2 m ong, with scabrous ribs: pappus purplish.—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. en N. C. 7. V. angustifolia Miehx. Stem 0.5-1 m. tall, glabrous or pubeseent, often widely branched above: leaves numerous; blades linear, usually n 80, a : urbinate- 5—6 mm. high, aeute or somewhat rounded at the ; braets lanceolate to elliptic, acute or e with more or less nde ra tips: achene 2 m long, r eabrous ribs: pappus purplish. "iw i ier: pres and dry hillsides, oa Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—7V. texana (A. Gray) Small, with taw Y pappus and lower leaf surface pitted, has Ms Wem from Meadville in S Wi Mis . dissimilis Gleason. Stem ad 8-11 dm. tall: leaves numerous; blades linear- e to elliptic, 10-15 e . lon ng, firm, acuminate, sharply serrate, ex- cept the smaller upper ones, not RE seabrous above: corymb rather dense: in es ampanulate, abo ut 4 mm hi gh; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or obtusi sh, or the outer ones acute, arachnoid-ciliate, appressed: achene 2.5 mm. long, with hirsuce ribs: pappus bright- purple.—Dry banks and woods, Piedmont, E Ala. CARDUACEAE 1315 9. V. concinna Gleason. Stem 1 all or less, green, B gil leaves Tide e narrowly eee to elliptic-linear, 10-12 poe less, thin, acute, entire or with minute callous te glabrou TN inutely pubescent DA i. flat: corymb rather lax volue e turbinate Mex cs igh; braets ea hi -lanceolate, bro E than t pii i. r ones, acute or mucronate, glabrous or slightly eili T pred ahou Hess minutely i due pappus purplish-tawny.—Hammocks, M pen. Fla 10. V. Blodgettii Small. Stem often branched near ene base, 2-5 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so, corymbose above: leaves mostly near the base of he so, 2-4.5 em. long, did or acutish, o erect ut 5 high; . long, with pubescent ribs: pappus uns ur slightly rou Ses 1ed.— Low pinelands and adj. Everglades, S pen. Fla. and the Florida Keys.—The general trend of migration of native rr P through e SEE ue man has been southward. The range of eed, however, has bee extended northward. Oeeasional specimens T aaa been UNE pues half way up the pire coast. V. gigantea hee Trelease. Stem 1—2.5 m. tall, rep often widely Dn above: es numerous; blades mostly ellipti e, 0.8-3 dm. long, aeute or e pea serrate: corymb 1—4 dm. broad: involuere eylindrie, 4-5 mm. high, n narrowed at the base; braets elliptic- -lanceolate to narr owly elliptic, rounded on the back, the outer acutish, the inner obtuse, lax or loosely spreading at maturity; achene 3 mm. long, with pu ous angles pappus purplish. [V. oligantha Gin = —Low grounds, river-bottoms, nd swamps, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala. and S. C. 12. V. altissima Nutt. Stem 1-3 m. tall, glabrous, branching above: leaves rather ae 1 eee eet rae to ea age or narrowly oe — = long, acu Ei arpl y b m. broad; misphe ric-cam m ,4m almost 5m m. high, rounded at the Pus ovate to Felipe, es i acute or mucronate, appressed, po achene 3 mm. long, with barbed ribs: pappus light-purple or deep-purple. [V. maxima Small] — —Low grounds, alluvial banks, bottoms and fields, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Mo., and Pa. 13. V. ovalifolia T. & G. Stem 1-2 m. tall, glabrous or puberulent, branch- ing above: leaves rather numerous; blades s elliptic, or the upper rd ences late, all acute, or short-acuminate, r a coarsely toothed, abruptly o b times gradually contracted at the base: corymb 1-3 dm. broad: invol due campanulate, 5-6 mm. high; d lanceolate to clliptie, acute or cuspidate, mainly appressed: achene 2.5—3 long, slightly barbed along the ribs: pappus stramineous or pale- PUE .—Rich woods and sandy stream-banks, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ala. and Ga. a. V. flaccidifolia Small. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall glabrous, glaueous, with lender branches above: leaves rather numerous; blades thin, pre did to pii avec: 0.8-2 dm. long, ae uminate, sha arply serrate, some tim oubly short-petioled: corymb 1-2 road; "branehe es slender: iuc dont ded. 3—4 mm. high; bracts ovate to » ipte, light green or Te at the tip, obtuse or subacute, ciliate, not spreading: mm. long, with sharp barbed ribs: pappus pale stramineous.—Rich NO dE po run -banks, and wooded hillsides, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to ' Ala., Tenn., and S. C. 15. V. Ste tall, tomentose, branching above: leaves Doudou "blades "elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1-3 dm. long, 1316 CARDUACEAE aeute or short- acuminate, sharply and pee E nd ba 1-4 dm broad: involucre eampanulate to cylindrie-eampanulate, 7—8 m bracts ovate to elliptic, acute or apiculate: ae 4—5 mm. long, p. ooth and glabrous ribs: pappus tawny or tinged with purple. [V. Drum mondi Werner not Shuttl. "mi Pc Ens. and rich sandy bs various pieni ps of , Kan nd Ont.—V. culata, Mi euate or founded d inv Aree frs has been reported en Starkville in NE Miss V. Baldwinii Torr. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall, tomentose, branching abov ps blades elliptic to ovate, r: dm. long, short- acuminate, sharply ja pe 1-3 dm. wide, irregular: involucre campanulate to hy Mr 5-7 high; bracts closely imbricate ook the base, spreading o reflexed at the SQUE acumina tips: achene 3 mm. long, pubescent n. resinous: pappus tawny or purpli Dus Ba EN and hills, Interior TE ue Tenn. to Okla. and Mo. " V. acaulis (Walt.) Gleason. Scape minutely pubescent, 2—7 dm. tall: leaves basal; blades elliptic, oblanceolate, spatulate, or AE ma inly 1- - long, obtuse or acutish, serrate or de ntate eres doubly s Soe , 7—8 mm. Du Aes linear to linear-lan eolate, narrow ee into suu achene 3 n barbed upward in the ribs. pappus pale-stramineous. UA oligophylla Miche. Dry woods or ndn Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C. V. georgiana s Scape puberulent, 2-10 dm. tall: leaves basal; blades Ee 5-15 em. long, acute or obtuse, ise narrowed at t the base, scabrou oe e: in Bn ere eampanulate, 6-7 hi igh; braets narrow, subuiate at the ap glabrous or obseurely alae the pone with spreading tips: 3 mm. long, pubescent: pappus pale- -stramineous.—Dry pinel ands, Seen Plain, Ga. and S. C. 2. SENECIODES Post & Kuntze. Annual, caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades broad, toothed. Heads corymbose. Flowers pale-purple or white; nearly as in Vernonia. Achene terete, ibless. Pappus double, the inner series deciduous.—About 12 species, natives of the Old World 1. = Hunde (L.) Kuntze. Stem corym- bose above, 1 all or 2 DUE pubescent Teat- blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, y 2-8 em. one, oa toothed, p B than above: peduneles slender braets su ubulate: p» W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A. y—AIL year. 3. ELEPHANTOPUS [Vai L. Perennial, seapose or caulescent 1. erbs. Leaves alternate: blades shallowly toothed. Heads involuerate. Flowers lilae-purple. Corolla-lobes linear-lanceolate. Anther-appendages ‘deltoid to ovate. Pappus single, of several rigid bristles terminating scale-like bases.— About 15 species, native of tropical and warm regions.—Sum.-fall.—ELEPHANT- FOOTS Stem leafy: leaves mainly cauline, all of the same type. CAROLINIANI, Stem naked or with few bract-like leaves: leaves mainly basal. n TOMENTOSI. CARDUACEAE 1317 I. CAROLINIA A rather coarse, softly hirsute herb, with thinnish leaf-blades. 1. E. carolinianus. . II. au TR pu of the involucre 8 long or less: pappus bri s 3. 5-5 mm. long: midrib "of the leaf pubescent be- Bo ith appressed hair Stem w vith: spreading rather iain reflexed hairs: rae closely and softly pubescent: scale-like base of the pappus gradually narrowed into the tip. 2. E. elatus. Stem with appressed rather than spreading hairs: leaf- blades glabrous or sparingly pu abesccn ©. seale-like base of the pappus abruptly aara ed into ue ti 3. E. nudatus. Longer Ba of the involucre 9-12 mm. long: pappus-bristles 6-8 long: midrib of the leaf pubescent beneath with Bprendins and reflexed hairs. . E. tomentosus. E. carolinianus Willd. Stem 3-9 dm. tall rather hirsute: leaf-blades elliptic: or oval, E em. long, discs serrate or repand: inner bracts of the Le e 8-10 mm. long, aeute: achene 3.5—4 ign ng. —Woods and thickets, various. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and N. J. S 2. E. elatus Bertol. Stem 7-12 dm mainly hirsute: blades of the basal Eo : | spatulate to ovate-elliptie, 10-2 g, erenate-serra n inner bracts of the involucre bt ac 2. ong: bases of 5-3 mm, ] the . pappus- alles minute.—Dry soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Ark. and S. C. | 3. E. nud atus A Gray. Stem 2-8 dm. t mainly strigose; blades of the basal mem TE to spa a crenate-serrate: ner of the involucre acuminate or abruptly pointed: bases of the pappus. bristles cores than the breadth of the achene.—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., Ark., and Del e us L. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, mos hirsute AD. blades of the basal pos elliptic, oval, or elliptic ‘oblanceolate, crenate-serrate: inner bracts of the involucre acuminate: bases of the pappus- bristles as qm as the breadth of the penne: — Pinelands and dry woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ky., and Va. 4. STOKESIA L’Her. Perennial, stout, pubescent herbs. Leaves al- ternate: blades ppinulose: ciliate near the base, elongate. Heads large, showy, orymb, many- Involucre broad and depressed: bracts foliaceous, the outer entire, lax, the inner with a large pectinate-spinulose ap- pendage on a small base, the innermost, nar- row, entire. Receptacle flat, naked. Corol- las various, the inner ones pues with 5 narrow lobes; the outer ligulate, the ma: blad nal ones ridus e dites ub Anthor appendages ovate. Achene stout, 3- or 4-angled. Pappus of 4 o slender ps awns.—One species, remark- able in its group on account of the ligulate marginal corollas. 1318 CARDUACEAE 1. leaves few; blades various, P of the basal and lower cauline elliptie to nar- rowly elliptic- lanceolate, narrowed into pet hole: like bas ES and dilated at p» base, those of the upper Pine laneeolate P elliptic-lanceolate or M bc olate, elasping: heads solitary at the ends of stem or its few branches: E Ue bristly: corolla purplish-blue or dein ies te, a lobes all Dunt opum ate: achene narrowly obovoid, about 5 mm. long, the angles pes thickened. [S. cyanea L’Her.] —Moist M d id Fla. to La. and S. C.—Spr.- sum.—Rare east of Ala. Much more showy than its relatives, the ironweed and the elephant-foot. ae cultivated. 5. RT A. Gray. Perennial, glabrous, slender herbs. Leaves id blades elongate, entire. Heads rather small, smooth, incon- Spieuous, loosely corymbose, few-flowere Involuere » binate: braets T en- tire. Receptacle elevated, with few bractlets near the edge. orolla with a very short ne S. laevis ae. e Stem 2-5 dm. b ee aie aaa so above: Anthers unappendaged. chene en- ee upward. Pappus of several slender A bristles or wanting.—One species represent- A ing a group of genera otherwise mainly tropi- MAIL eal American. M E NN N . A - 1. H. floridana A. Gray. Stem 5 dm tall, bran ve pos basal leaves elongate; blades spatulate, elliptic, or angen ee late, long-petioled: blades of the ae casos narrowly ne. to linear: branches of the inflorescence with amall clavate scales: bracts of the involucre a to ned. puli ate, 4-5 mm. long, obtuse: corollas 2 or purple, 3—3.5 . long; lobes ovate: achene obpyramidal, 4.5-5.5 mm. long.—Swamps and Bde. N Fla. aad N part of the pen.—Sum.-fall.—One of the rarer florida plants. The basal leaves resemble those of Limonium. LI Ael eo ed (Z^ eT 6. SCLEROLEPIS Cass. Perennial, stoloniferous herbs. Leaves whorled: blades narrow, entire. Heads solitary, not showy. Involucre broad, many. flowered: bracts narrow, appressed. Recep- taele conic, naked. Corollas with a very short tube and a funnelform throat, the lobes road. Anther-appendages ovate. Achene narrow, sharply i ae Pappus of 5 broad seales. —One s spee uniflora (Walt.) B. S. P. Stem 2-7 ate a e acute or acuminate: corolla rose-purple or pink, nearly 2 mm. long, the tube shorter s the throat: a slightly broadened upward, 1 mm. long, excluding t the stipe-like base: pappus-seales broad, shorter than the achene, blunt. [S. PER Cass. 1- Bogs and pine- CARDUACEAE 1319 Spr.-fall.—Usually growing in water or at least in n soft m ud. Sometimes very densely matted and Gea ere on account of the very numerous whorled leaves and the numerous stems each with an erect small head. 7T. AGERATUM L. Annual or rarely perennial, stiff. herbs or partly woody plants. Leaves usually opposite: blades toothed. Heads cor ymbose. Involuere campanulate. Receptacle elevated. Flowers blue, purple, pink, or white. Corolla-lobes erect, deltoid. Anther-appendages ovate. Achene 5- -angled short. Pappus of several short blunt or long slender- -tipped scales, or cup-like or erown- like.—About 30 species, tropical American, several widely eultivated.— AGERATUMS Pappus cup-like or crown-like, the scales very short: sais glabrous: foliage glabrous: leaves succulent. A. littorale. Pappus of distinct Scales as lo ong as the Me cues Involucre over 4 mm ; bracts long- ET i decidedly longer than s 'ach 2. A. Houstonianum. Involucre less than 4 mm. hi igh: ' bracts Short-tipped : pappus about as long as the ache ene, . A. conyzoides. 1. A. littorale A. Gray. Stem 2-7 dm. ta ll, glabrous, often branched at the base: leaf- E ovate, 1-5 em. long, crenate- -serrate, usually cuneate at the ase: corymbs terminating long p oo j olucre 4 m the numerous blue flower-heads. eultivated locally. 2. A. Houstonianum Mill Stem 3-11 dm tall, ed buda De with crisped hairs, som s branched: leaf-blades ovate to deltoid poss "ne em, long, crenate, thick: involucre about 5 mm. high in an- Fed braets subulate to linear- vp copiously pubescent: > nearly 3 mm. long: achene about 2 mm. long, stout: pappus-scales near ly 2 a the slender tip less than e as long as the body.—Pinelands and cult. grounds, Fla. Nat. of Mex.—( .)—Sum —fall. -——Commonly cultivated for ornament. The flowers a: are very fragran nt. A. conyzoides L. St ‘dm. tall, sparingly p Or A ví glabrous, earn TA anched: ead: nen ovate to deltoid- -0vate, 1.5-4 cm. long, h: involuere about 3 mm. high in an bs esi * bracts subulate E ur subulate, sparingly pubescent: corolla nearly 2 mm. long: e 1.5 m long, slender: pappus-scales about 1.5 mm. long, the p tip fully Ee eR. the small body. EA -places ond cult. grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. trop. Am.—Sum.—fall.—Has smaller heads than m precede species md. is pe commonly cultivated. 8. MIA Sch h. Bip. Shrubs or perennial herbs, with much-branched stems. Leaves oped e: blades broadest below the middle, often coarsely toothed. Heads borne in corymbs, relatively few-flowered. Flowers lilae, pale- purple, bluish-purple, or white. Involucre narrowly ovoid or stout-cylindrie: 1320 CARDUACEAE mE in several series, iri QR the outer very short, the inner long and OW. orolla-lobes ovate or ; nther-appendages triangular. ciens elongate, angled. Pappus E t bristles.—More than 50 species, tropieal. Tips of the involucral bracts spreading, bluish, much thinner than the body: inne bracts Mom upward: achene wing-an led. 1. O. aeon. Tips e involucral bracts SED light-green or dark-gree = a pale, linear, each wi ith a minute colored ees aH de not wing-angle B A the involucre 5-1- ribbed, the inner acute: involucre n 8 mm. high. 2. O. frustrata. Bracts TOP “the involucre 3-ribbed, the inner obtuse: involucre ; r 8 mm. high. 3. O. odorata. . O. ivaefolia (L.) Small. Stem 3-15 dm finely pubescent or some- times E hirsute: leaf- blades lanceolate, te ACEO ES or dti Du l-7 e ong, acute, with d petiole-like 6 m hi «xd. eral tropical plants that occur in only in or e the lower end of the Mississippi Fam eg e bas 2. O. frustrata (B. L. Ro Sinon) Small. Stem 5-20 dm. tall, pui pubeseent, with mostly ascending branches: leaf-blades ovate, deltoid-ovate, or on ger 2—9 cm. long, acute or obtuse, with r ather slender petiole-like bases: involucre about 7 mm. high; dp sometimes slightly green-tipped: e paises pale -purplish or bluish, about 4 mm. long: achene stoutis ed than 4 mm. long. [Eu- patorium heteroetinum Chapm . not Griseb. m ocks, S pen Ya. and the Keys.—All year.—An endemic species. T Mec. abundant in the Cape Sable region and i in hammocks of the Ten Thousand Islands. O. odorata (L.) Sch. Bip. Stem 6-28 dm. tall, pubescent, with divergent branches: leaf-blades ovate to ni 4-12 em. long, acuminate, with long slender petiole-like base involuc e 9-10 mm, high; bracts decidedly green- tipped: eorolla white or ae -lilae pom 5 mm. ed e very slender, over ong. [Eupatorium conyzoides Vahl. |—Hammock pen. Fla. and the Key m UO. I., Mex , 8. A.) —AM year MES p of our three species, often forming 'dense "thickets on the Florida Keys. EUPATORIUM [Tourn.] L. Sh rubs or caulescent herbs. Leaves aun ave or opposite: blades entire, toothed, or dissected. Heads borne in ory Involuere campanulate, turbinate or cylindric: bracts appressed. Co oils mo pink, lilac, red, or purple. Corolla-lobes ovate or triangular. An- ther-appendages ovate. Achene angled. Pappus of capillary bristles. —More than 500 species, mostly in warm and tropieal region. —The leaves are sometimes whorled. pun —" temperate plants of various habitat eaf-blades dissected or pinnatifid, the e neus narrow. I. CAPILLIFOLIA. CARDUACEAE 1321 Leaf-blades entire, toothed,. or merely incised. Leaves alternate or merely ono eens sometimes whorled on individual plant Involucre of Ad imbricate p bracts in sever Leaf-blades petioled or merely sessile. Leaf-blades petioled, often n long-petioled. Head 15-flowered: involucre cam- panulate : leaf-blades of a lanceolate type, borne horizontally. | LH. SEROTINA. Head about 5-flowered : aone cylin- dric: leaf-blades of an ovate type, borne vertically. . III. CRASSIFOLIA. Leaf-blades sessile or essentially so. Leaf-blades narrowed at the base. Braets of the involucre acute, acu- . minate, or mucronate. IV. ALBA. Bracts of the involucre obtuse or indiv idually mucronulate. V. HYSSOPIFOLIA. f-blades broad at the base. . "VI. ROTUNDIFOLIA. Leaf-blades connate-perfoliate or connate- clasping. VII. PERFOLIATA. Involucre of nearly equal bracts in one row, or = few outer ones shorter. VIII. UrTICAEFOLIA. Leaves in aioe of 3-6. IX. PURPUREA. Shrub: opie plant of hammocks, X. VILLOSA I. CAPILLIFOLIA Leaf-segments filiform nflorescence-branches secund-recurved: inner invo di u- cral bracts prommenily ae aaa. gradually [one arista 1. E. leptophyllum. Iuforcoccnco Di anches fastigiate: inner involucral acts obscurely scarious, pierre short-aristate. . 2. HE. capillifolium. Leaf-segments linear, linear- ‘filiform, or lanceolate. eaf-blades 1- or 2-par Bdorcs nes panióulate or thyrsoid. Heads 3-6-flowered, not eiomeraté on the inflo- rescence-branches : bracts of the involucre punctate and viscid. 3. E.compositifolium. Heads 6-9-flowered, glomerate or clustered at the ends of the inflorescence- branches: bracts of the involucre he oe punctate nor viscid 4. E. Eugenei. Inflorescence corym D. E. pinnatifidum. Leaf-blades mainly pectinately pinnatifid. 6. E. pectinatum. II. SEROT Tall rather coarse, herb with coarsely ee long- petioled leaf-blades not placed vertically. T. E. serotinum. CRASSIFOLIA Low, somewhat ds herbs, with repand or crenate- . . dentate petioled leaf-blades placed vertically. 8. E. mikanwvoides. IV. ALBA WS of the upper cauline leaves linear or of a linear . 9. E. leucolepis. Blades E d upper cauline leaves ovate, lanceolate, or Bracte of the mature involucre copiously fine-pubescent, a arious- -margined, the inner ones 5.5 mm. long or l 10. E. anomalum. Boo of the mature involucre glabrous or with seat- — hairs, more or o AA LIOUR: margined, the inner ones 7 mm. long o Inner bracts of the involucre of petaloid, long- ct t acuminate, uw d subulate 1. E. album. Inner bracts the invuluere petaloid, short- | mucronate, linear patula te. 12. E. petaloideum. HYSSOPIFOLIA Leaf-blades linear, often narrowly so or n filiform. Inner bracts of the involucre uid I long, outer bracts lanceolate: achene 2.5-3 lone 13. E. hyssopifolium. 1322 CARDUACEAE oe bracts of the involucre less than 4 mm. long, uter bracts ovate: achene about 2 mm. long. Leaf-blades broader Inner bracts of ‘the involucre linear: leaf-blades entire or coarsely toothed, but the teeth not salient. Inner bracts of the involucre 4 mm. long or more. Leaf-blades peeteay or predominantly narrowed upwar Pence. spreading: ye aes hs broadly inner bracts of the in- linear: achene about 3 ong eaves inner bracts yg gs narrowly linear: of the in- achene about 2 Leaf-blades s typically or predominantly broadened Blades of the cauline-leaves entire or nearly so: achene about 3 mm. long. Blades of the cauline leaves coarsely toothed : achene d F a n oor Inner bracts of the 35m long or 1l Inner pete of the iE lipti: EEES stiff, prominently ribbed, usually saliently toothed. . ROTUNDIFOLIA iir crenate, serrate-crenate, or dentate-serrate or d incised : braets of the involucre acute or e, Branches of the inflorescence oc ana blades of the upper foe coarsely few-t Brana n the inflorescence Done 2s of the r le Pisos. more finely and evenly thed. Leaf. blades about as wide as long, the ee ones of deltoid a ee dam type, truncate or subcordate at t Leaf- pese longer chan w vide, the upper ones of a ype, Pounded- or broadly cuneate at the bas Involucre over 6 mm. long: achene nearly 3 mm. lon Involuere less than 6 mm. long: achene about 2 ong. Leaf-blades anata serrate: bracts of the involucre ob- tuse. VII. PERFOLIATA Leaf-blades connate-clasping: bracts o involucre mostly less than 12: head more than 15-flowered. Involucre cylindric- turbinate, over 4 mm. high, acute at h ; inner bracts linear, psi. high, rounded acts elliptic, abruptly short- inted o Leaf- blades connote ario liate, except in E. perfoliatum truncatum: bracts of the in volucre mostly more than 12: head less than 15-flowered. VIII. c E Corolla pink to — P4 wholly glabro Corolla white, the lobes pubescent, Some Cie very slightly Leaf-blades sharply or saliently toothed, the upper auline-leaves — slender-petioled, with petioles wees or quite one-half as long as the blades ME plants; blades of the leaves of "tH S ypically nearly or quite,1 dm. long, of .an pci type. Involucre mostly less than 20-flowered, 3 o: or less at maturity; bracts mostly 13 a ewer. Involucre mostly- more than 25-flowered, 4 mm and E more at maturity ; bracts mostly 16 Small- Juve ere ; blades of the leaves of the stem typically less than 6 cm. lo ong, of a hastate or deltoid type. 15. E. f=! c 1T. 19. bo jà to co to e z 30. E. E. . lecheaefolium. Torreyanum. recurvans., tortifolium. cuneifolium. semiserratum., altissimum. . verbenaefolium, . rotundifolium. pubescens. scabridum. sessilifolium. . Chapmanit. . cuneatum. . perfoliatum. incarnatum. urticaefolium. roanensis. . jucundum. CARDUACEAE 1323 . Leaf-blades crenate, the teeth blunt or rounded, the ca - Involucre sparingly pubescent; inner bracts nearly linear spatulate, glabrous or sparingly ciliate, Scarious-margin 3. E. aromaticum. Involucre copiously ` pubescent ; inner bracts spatu- late or narrowly cuneate, copiously ciliate, not scarious-margined. 4. E. latidens. IX. PURPUREA Stem hollow, very glaucous: leaf-blades elliptic- -lanceolate, crenate-serrate,_ 35. E. maculatum. Stem prod purple at the nodes: -blades very thin: flowers not ill-scented : corollas p e 36. E.trifoliatum. Stem no rple at the nodes: leaf- Dr ee rugose: flowers ill-scented: corollas c T. E. purpureum. X. VILLOSA Shrub with ovate or deltoid-ovate leaf-blades. 38. E. villosum. = E. le D DC. Stem 4-13 dm. tall, glabrous, with recurved- und branches above: leaf- blades 2 filiform segments: bracts of the in- ug: long: tipped, the inner betw and m w m. long: corolla white, a pi mm long: achene ful mm. long.—(F EL.)— ounds, margins of ponds, and NEL. swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss, and S. C.—Sum.-fall, or all year S. capillifo lium (Lam.) Small Stem 2 and 3 mm. mm. long: idi fuly 1 m ong.—(Doa FENNEL.)—Hammocks, old fields, roadsides, and banks, Coastal Plain and | adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Tenn., and Del.—Sum.-fall. EEA Walt. Stem 6-12 dm. tall puberulent to T long: corolla white, 3 mm. long: achene 1.5-2 —(Doa-r FENNEL. 2—Dry soil, especially in » pinelands Coastal "Plain ud tu “provine es, Fla. to Tex., and N. C. Sum 4 E. Puede Small. Stem 6-14 dm. tall pubescent: leaf-blades with linear, entire, or toothed segments, i those of the upper leaves merely toothed or incised: inflor e a plumose: bracts of the involucre mucronate, the inner 3-3.5 mm. long: corolla whit "25 3 mm. long: achene less an 2 mm. long.— Pinelands and ea Coastal Plain and adj. Piedmont, Fla. and Ala.—Fall. 9. E. pinnatifidum Ell Stem 6-12 dm. tall, finely DE leaf-blades with linear or nearly linear segments: involuere ide - 3 Pes mg; cts r- abou mm. g: cor cus e i ong: iip: fully 1 mm. long.—Dry soil and damp Mee mug of nd Aen Plain adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala. and N. um.—fall. 6. E. pectinatum Small Stem 9-20 dm. tall, finely pubescent, hp ai above: leaf-blades elliptie in outline, or broadest above or below middle: involuere 4-5 mm. long; bracts obtuse or retuse-aristulate, the i ri 5—4 mm. long: corolla white, 3 mm. long: achene fully 1 mm. long. — Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Sum.-fall. 1324 CARDUACEAE 7. E. serotinum Michx. Stem 8-20 dm. tall, finely pubescent, Mri Dg, above: leaf-blades herbaceous, T edi late to ovate- lanceolate, 5-25 . lon acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate: involucre less than 5 mm. ines bracts linear to linear-elliptie, broadened upward, ro S ici = the apex, white- a p the Prid 3-3.5 mm. long: corolla EU 3 mm. long: achene less than 2 ong.—Rich rA DN and wet Sod various provinces, Fla. to Tex, Ia., and Md.—Sum.-fal 8. E. aen Chapm. Stem 5-11 dm. tall, tomentulose, at least Kana young: f-blades vertical, 2m deltoid-ovate to hastate- ovate, or sometim elliptie, 3 i = . long, obt tuse or acutish , repand or crenate-den tate: ioc over MR mm. long; braets em abru uptly on B margined, the peu 4—5 m pu corolla white or pinkish, nearly 4 m ong: achene fully 1 m long. Me m ed soil damp, sandy or marly Be EM and salt dates Fla.—Sum.-fal 9. E. leucolepis T. & G. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, Pea or tomentu- lose above; leaf-blades en i lanceolate, 3— 8 ¢ m. long, r dedii serrate Or nearly entire: involucre tomentulose; braets slenderly acumin e inner ones Don lucir 6- 6.5 m ues ur white, about 3.5 mm. o ng: achene 2.5 ong. [E. Mohri Gon ` "Pine ands, and en sandy bogs, Coastal Plain, "pla. to La. and N. Y.—Sum.-fall. 10. E. anomalum Nash. Stem 8-15 dm. tall, rape yeu leaf- eo ovate- lanceolate to ovate, 3-7 cm. long, coarsely and sharply serrate involucre 2 Pr m bracts a cute or short-acuminate, the inner narrowly linear, m. long: corolla e about 3.5 mm. long: achene 2-2.5 m Re soil, Fla. Su um.—fall. 11. E. album L. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, harshly D jd blades elliptic to lanceolate, or those at the base of the stem ovate to obovate, 3-10 em. lon ng serrate: involucre cylindric-turbinate, the inner io near subulate, 8-9 m long, ael dus corolla white, about 5 mm. long: achene t 3 mm long.— eid, sandy soil, in pinelands and deeiduous woods, Du Plain and T Provinces, Fla. to La., Tenn., and N. Y.—Sum.-fall. 12. E. petaloideum Britton. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, rough a leaf- blades elliptic to ovate or ovate-lanceolate, or the lowe er ones oval or obovate, 2-8 em. long, bluntly ie or erenate-s errate: involuere ber shaped, the inner brac ts spatulate, 10-11 mm. long, or sometimes ate: eorolla white, 4 mm. long: achene about 3 mm. long. c or Coastal "Plain, Fla. and Ala.—Sum.-fall. 13. E. hyssopifolium L. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, pe ae cud nda ong, sometimes undulate: involuere 5-6 mm. high; nar- 5.5 on corolla white, 3.5—4 mm. long: achene 2.5-3 mm. long.—Woods, ent end thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ky., and Mass.—Sum.-fall. 4. E. lecheaefolium Greene. m 3-7 dm. tall, ddp Or Ey = beseent: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 1-8 cm. long, e ees e 3-4 high; inner braets elliptie, ciliolate at the mucron rolla RP te, 2.5-3 mm. long: achene about mm. long.—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ga. and Al a.—Sum.—fall. 15. E. Torreyanum Short. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf-bla des broadly linear to narrowly lanceolate, coarsely and sharply serrate to laciniate isc turbinate: bracts broadly eae, ciliate, the inner 5-5.5 mm. bu CARDUACEAE 1325 corolla white, 3 mm. long: achene 3 mm. long.—Low woods and wooded hill- sides, often in acid soil, various cud Fla. to Tenn, Ky., and Pa.— Sum.-fall. 16. E. recurvans Small. Stem 4-9 dm. tall, finely cap v eaves mo or less reflexed; blades QE elliptie to lanceolate 1.5-4 e ong, el and bluntly toothed: oa ucre cylindric: bracts n narrowly ice slightly ae the inner abou . long: corolla white, 3 mm. long: b about 2 m lon tiem Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—Sum 17. E. tortifolium Chapm. Stem 3-7 dm. tall tomentulose above: leaf- e Back oblaneeolate, or nearly linear, 1-3 em. long, entire or shal- n and remotely toothed: outer bracts of the involucre ovate; inner bracts lin ar: corolla white, about 3 mm. long: achene about 3 mm. long.—Sandy B and dry pinelands, Coastal "Plain, Fla. to Ala. and S. C.—Sum.-fall. 18. E. cuneifolium Willd. Stem 4-8 dm. tall, tomentulose above: leaf-blades cuneate, elliptie-euneate, or linear-elliptie, 1— 3 cm. long, serrate, or the upper ones individually entire: ane e s of the involucre oval; inner bracts nar- rowly elliptic: corolla white, 3.5 m m. long: achene about 2.5 mm. long.— Rich woods, Coastal Plain uA adj. proce. Fla. to Ala. and S. C.—Sum.-fall. 19. E. semiserratum DO. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, tomentulose: leaf-blades in -patulate to elliptic, 3-10 em. long, sharply serrate: involucre nearly ric; bracts ara ciliate, n pale-margined, the inner enint 3—3.5 mm. tong corolla white, 2—-2.5 mm. long: achene about 2 mm. ong.—Sandy soil, eae aud pond- p c Plain and adj. E Fla. to Tex Mo, a d Va. a imum L. Stem 8-20 dm. tall, — tomentulose: leaf-blades linear- Janceolat te to linear- elliptie, mostly 4-1 em. long, sha arply serrate: ned campanulate; bracts ciliate, Hid m -margined, the inner T 4.5-5 mm. long: co rolla white, Nm 4 mm. long: achene 3—3.5 mm. long.—Dry soil, ad provinees, Miss . to Tex., Ia., Pa., and N. C.—Sum.—fall. 21. E. verbenaefolium Michx. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, finely p n blades ovate to lanceolate, 2-12 em. long, coarsely serrate: brac of the 1p l elliptic, 4—4.5 mm. long: corolla white, 3 mm. long: achene about 3 mm. long.— S soil, o Me nd acid swamps, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to La., Tenn., and Mas c. —fall. 22. E. rotundifolium L. Stem 3— ng dm. tall, a leaf-blades sub- orbicular to orbicular-ovate, 24 ong, erenate or nate-dentate: inter- mediate bracts of the involucre acuminate, inner pim 9.5-6 mm. long, narrowly nua oe white, about 3 mm. long: achene fully 2 m an ng.— (FALSE-HOARHOUND.)—Dry w woods, pinelands, and swamps, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and R. I.—Sum fall. 23. E. pubescens Muhl. Stem 3-15 dm. tall canescent-tomentulose: leaf- blades ovate, 2-10 em. long, serrate or incised- -serrate: intermediate bracts of the involucre acute or abruptly p the inner ae 9.5-6 mm. long, linear- elliptie: eorolla white, abou ong: achene 2.5-3 long.—Rocky a acid, sandy banks s, and «E Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss , Tenn., xim Me.—Sum.-fall. 24. Ẹ. scabridum Ell. Stem 4—12 dm. tall, eanescent-tomentose: leaf-blades elliptie to ovate-elliptie, 2-8 em. long, serrate or ineised-serrate: bracts of the 1326 CARDUACEAE e abruptly nase ee inner 4-5 mm. long, linear-elliptic: corolla —3 mm. long: ne fully 2 mm. long.—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain. Fla. to S. C.— 25. E. sessilifolium L. Stem 4-15 dm. tall, tomentulose above: leaf-blades lanceolate, 8-25 cm. long, acuminate, sharply serrate, sessile, sometimes slightly el hi asping: bracts of the involucre obtuse, the inner linear-elliptic, mm. long: corolla white, 3 mm. long: ac chene 3-3.5 mm. lm g.— Thicke ets, n woods and rocky banks, various E rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to , Mo. Vt., and Mass. — Sum.-fal 26. E. Chapm Small. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, tomentulose above: leaf- Lipi AA ra ae -ovate, or narrowly ovate, 2- 10 em. long, erenate; inner brac he involucre acuminate, linear, 4—4.5 m eaten corolla white, ' mm eu poe about 1.5 mm. long. L Sandy woods, Fla. —Sum 27. E. cuneatum elm. ap 5—16 dm. tall, tomentose above: leaf-blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 9-20 em. long, finely crenate-serrate: inner bracts of the involucre abr ruptly short- -pointed or obtuse, elliptic, 3-3.5 long: corolla white, 3 mm. lo e achene 1.5 mm. long.—Low gr rounds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. to La., Mo., and N. CQ.—Sum.-fall. 28. E. perfoliatum L. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, tomentulose above: leaf-blades lanceolate, 8-25 em. long, erenate-serrate, connate-perfolia te (or truncate in E. perfoliatum truncatum): inner bracts of the involueres cuneate- e acuminate, 6—6.5 mm. long or shorter: corolla white, 3-4 m long: ene mm. long, or mostly shorter.—(Bon NESET. 'THOROUGHWORT. )—Moist meadows, and dilate various provinces, Fla. to Tex., N. D., and N. B.—Sum.-fal E. incarn Walt. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, minutely a S leaf- ae thin, ovate to deltoid, and A somewhat hastate, ie em. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate, on long and slender petioles: involucre narrow; bracts linear or nearly so, or the po subulate, often ciliolate at the apex, the outer ones often p especially near E base, the inner mm. long: corolla lilae, about mm. long: achene 2-2.5 mm. long.—Rich sandy p Coastal Plain and PH provinees, Fla. to i. Ind. and Va.—(Mez. S 30. E. icaefolium Reichard. Stem 4—12 dm. tall, D or glabrate: leaf-blades thin, ovate or rarely ovate-lanceolate, 4-12 em. long, acuminate, coarsely serrate, long-petioled: involucre turbinate: bracts narrowly linear, X j n 5 mm. HIT SANICLE.)—Rie rue and thiekets, D provinces, Ga. to La., Okla., Ont., nd B. mal. Stem 1 m. p or less, finely ph at least bae leaf-blades ovate, often broadly so, 7—14 em. long, acuminate, serrate, rather coarsely so, lon -petioled oe campanulate ; m broadly linear or so hat s yee minutely e una e in 5- ong, acute corolla white achene st siform, about 25 ae n Roan 5 in “the Blue Ridge, N. c. Bud Tenn. —Sum.— ucundum Greene. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, glabrous or minutely pubes- cent ace: leaf-blades thin, D. often broadly so or deltoid, or somewhat ha , 1.5-6 em. long, obtuse or acutish, coarsely crenate-serrate or incised- state, 1. serrate, slender-petioled : involuere cylindrie or nearly so; bracts acute or aeuminate, the inner narrowly i 3-3.5 mm. long: corolla white, about 4 mm. long: achene about 2.5 m . lo ng.—Hammoeks and pinelands, N and —Fall-wint. 33. L. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, puberulent or minutely pubes- cent: leaf-blades thickish, ovate or orbicular-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2—10 CARDUACEAE 1327 em. long, obtuse or acute, csi sessile or short- ibis ipe cylindric or turbinate-cylindric: bracts n narrow, linear, or the r ones spatulate, ciliate, mm. long: corolla white, 4.5- nee m. long: acc cfe 2. 5-3 mm. long.—( Wi HOARHOUND.)—Dry, acid, hs thickets, and pn cre Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Mis , Tenn., Pa., and Mass.—Sum 34. E. latidens Small. Bien 7-12 dm. tall finely pubescent n elosely so above: leaf- aa deltoid-ovate or orbieular-ovate, n suborbieular or reni- form-orbieular on the lower part of the stem, 4—11 em. long, obtuse or acutish, coarsely toothed, usually crenate, sess ile 4 or short- a involucre cam- panulate; bracts broad, elliptic, or A. inner spatulate or narrowly euneate, all paca ciliate, obtuse or acute: corolla white, 3-3.5 mm. long: achene about . long.— Woods SALDO en "Valley, Tenn -—Sum.—fall. 35. E. maculatum Justineus. Stem glabrous, 2-5 m. tall, usually mottled: leaves in ne of. 4—7, usually of 5 or 6; blades. duci rs 1-3 dm. long, acuminate, firm: corymb more or less elongate, round-topped: involucre usually - or 7-flowered: corolla 3.5-5 mm. long.—(JoE-PyE-WEED. Moist soil, often in thickets, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Ohio, and Me.— Sum.-fall. 6. E. latum L. Stem glabrous or sparingly pubescent, 1-2 m. tall: leaves in ae t DE mostly in fours; blades lanceolate to sine anecolate 1.5-2 long, acum inate: corymb convex: sn usually 5—7-flowered: corolla 9. 5.7. 5 mm. long.—(JoE-PYE-WEED. ) spem oodlands, various provinees, Ga. to Okla., Nebr., Wis., and N. H.—Sum.-fal 37. E. p Stem more or less pubescent, scabrous, 0.5-2 m. tall, pur- eae tinged: leaves in whorls of 2-5, usually in threes or fours; blades firm, ovate, | d : ng, sharply-serrate, 3-ribb rymb some nvex: involuere rie 6-9-flowered: corolla 4.5—5.5 mm. long.—(Jox p -WEED. Pair cines soil, often in swamps, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, S. C. to N. H.—Sum—fa lt .88 m 5-20 dm. tall, woody, tomentulose: leaf-blades ovate to o ovate, jm T em. long, obtuse, entire or repand: heads in small elus : ,0 j A. mm. ucr mpanu png RET white or pinkish, barely 3 mm. long: achene 1.5-2 . long.— Hammocks and pinelands, Everglade "Keys, I Fla. and Florida Keys Lr. I.)— An OCLINIUM DC. Perennial oo herbs. Leaves op- PESO Dude toothed or lobed. Heads open or compact peduncled ae Involuere campanulate or hemi- ical. ir E flower-heads, often re- 1. ae coelestinum (L.) DC. Stem 2-11 dm. tall appressed-pubescent, branched: Mid ovate, deltoid, triangular or triangular- lanceolate, 3-12 em. long, crenate serrate- -eren te, sometimes or eoarsely so, those of the lower leaves, at Len , long-petioled: involucre about 1328 CARDUACEAE 4 mm. high; bracts subulate or linear- ordei ribbed, pube en corolla about 2.5 mm. long: achene barely 1.5 mm. long. [Eupa atorium coelestinum L. C. don on Ohipn.]-- Ger Frowa Stream bans mars ER e thick- ets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans , Mic nd N. J.—(Cuba.)—Sum.- fall or all year S. — Sometimes cultivated Nd ased 3 in Hace of species of. Á geratum. jm Willd. Herbaeeous vines. Leaves opposite, herbaceous: blades of a hastate or deltoid type, mostly toothed. Heads borne in corymbs. Involuere cylindric. Corolla pink or white, with a campanulate throat: lobes lanceolate to triangular-ovate. Androecium exserted: anther-appendages ovate. Achene angled. Pappus of many capillary bristles. [Willugbaeya Neck. ]— About 150 species, American. — CLIMBING HEMPWEEDS. Bracts of the involucre acute or aciminate Bracts of the involucre Eu ca n long. » M. batatifolia. Braets of the involucre r4m ng. M. scandens. Bracts of the involucre obtuse 3 M. cordifolia. 1. M. batatifolia DC. ` Plant gene leaf-blades deltoid to hastate-ovate, 1-3 cm. long, ipid or repand: heads in small Suri ied elusters: braets of d involuere 3—4 mm. lo oi about 3- A . long. [W. heterophylla Small.]—Ham- . la on low pinelands, and Everglades, à ae Fla. and the Keys s.—(W. us —A]l yea . M. scandens (L.) Willd. Plant finely pubescent or nearly glabrous: leaf-blades dulate or an i2 lobed: braets of the involucre 5-5.5 ong, acuminate Or n e D Hs about 4 mm. long: achen m. long.—(CLIMBING HEMP- VINE d dece mA and swamps, vari- ous BUE Fla. o Tex., Ont., and Me —Sum . M. cordifolia (L.) Willd. Plant densely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to hastate, 6—15 em. long, coarsely toothed, or bee cordate at the base: corymbs roun ather flat-topped: heads numerous: involuere narrow, but rather stout; braets elliptie to linear-elliptic, 7—8 an i ng, obtuse: corolla hap 6 mm. long—Hammocks, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., All year.—The most vigorous of the three climbing-hempweeds. is ae eloped vines produce prodigious inflorescences. e flowers are very fragra 12. COLEOSANTHUS Cass. Perennial, branching herbs or woody plants. Leaves opposite or alternate: blades ei broad and toothed. Heads borne in corymbose cymes. Involucre [Brickellia ca A 70 species, mostly American. 1. C. cordifolius (Ell) rdiet Stem 6-12 ntulose: e» e un [e] eo Ru ct n B «4 i) ct ES- [9] 4 B (b $5 H td . -blad vat “lanceolate above, 5-10 cm. long, crenate- errate: heads many-flowered: involucre CARDUACEAE 1329 Tur de lax: outer braets linear-subulate; inner bracts A obtuse, 9-1 long: corolla pale-purple: achene slender, about 6 mm. long, spar- ingly pubescent: pappus M oil, woods, and aa. Coastal la. and .—fall. 13. KUHNTA L. Perennial, pubescent herbs. caves alternate: blades narrow, or rarely of an ovate type, resinous-dotted. Heads in open or compact corymbose or paniculate clusters. Involucres cylindric, wi narrow. Corolla d lobes triangular to lanceolate. Anther-appendages ovate, btuse e columnar, striate. Pappus of many capillary bristles.—A bout 10 species, WA American.—PFALSE-BONESETS.—Sum.-fall. Peduncle and involucre finely close-pubescent : bracts of the involucre slenderly and not very prominently ribbed, the inner ones narrowly linear a a y linear blades: blades thick, entire or obseurely toothed. 1. K. Mosieri. : east thos i- Leaves y l those of the stem, with .blades predomi antly a lanceolate type: blades thin, t T toothe 2. K. eupatorioides. e and involucre villous- tomentose: bracts of the in- volucre broadly and prominently ribbed, the inner ones broadly linear, 3. K. glutinosa. 1. K. Ls Small Plant 3-11 dm. tall, slender , deep-green: leaves 1-3 long, usually spreading Or du Deep linear or nearly so, entire or ded iocus d: mature involue high; inner bracts narrowly ae ru. ribbbed: corolla mostly over 6 mm. e h. [K. pan lata (Fl. SE. U. $ ee —Pin n Tverglada Keys, Fla.—Spec S fro s fa r west as S Ala. may be a. to ey species. 2. K. eupatorioides L. Plant E dm. = or less, stoutish, often pale-gre lea 3—10 em. long, ascending; blades pens d 6 mm. long: pappus tawny.—Woods and stream- unb Coastal Plain and adj. PONAR Fla. to Miss., Ind., and N. J. K. glutinosa Ell. Pla nt 12 dm. G or e stoutish, gray or grayish: o ra ner bracts ord ribbed: pappus tawny. —Dry prairies or plains, various poe Ala., to Tex., Mont., and Ill. 14. CARPHEPHORUS Cass. Perennial, simple-stemmed herbs. Leaves alternate; blades narrow, flat, or acerose, entire. Heads in a terminal corym- ose cyme, this sometimes cluster-like. Involucre hemispheric to campanu- late: bracts in several series. Corolla rose-purple: throat narrowly funnelform, longer than the narrower tube; lobes lanceolate to deltoid. Androecium included: anther-appendages tly no ie hed. Achene fusiform, sharply ribbed. Pappus of many pale = ilies bristles.—Four species, as follows: 84 1330 CARDUACEAE Basal leaves with elongate acerose blades: outer bracts of the involucre mice 1. C. Pseudo-Liatris Basal leaves with broader or linear-spatulate dn outer pe ret of the involucre, especially the median ones, Bracts of the eee with lax or spreading thick acute or acutish 2. C. tomentosus, Bracts of the duedlcre with thin or scarious erect rounded or retuse tips ene in a cluster-like cyme: stem copiously pubes- nt. 3. C. corymbosus. Heads in an open slenderly branched cyme: stem glabrous or nearly so. 4. C. bellidifolius. 1. C. Pseudo-Liatris Cass. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, finely crisped-pubescent: leaf-blades acerose, ee ceca to narrow seales above: outer bracts of the involuere lanceol ; 7-8 mm. ngo ps Lr lin EE braetiets m lon nea abou pinclands, poe Plain, Fla. to c: e B —Fal 2. C. tomentosus (Michx. f d l spatulate below, = obovate to elliptic-oval dud brae of the p pen lon wly Tee 9-12 . tire: eee narrowly nea or ir spatulate: achene about 4 mm. lon E nd Es Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. o fal —Rather rare C. bosus (Nutt.) T. & G. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, no id blades iR or elliptic-spatulate below 2 cuneate ipti or ovate a Pr ts of the involuere searious-margined, e cilia te vate ee long, cuneate: achene stout, about 3 mm. ier ei ptnelands, Coastal es Fla. to N. C.—Sum.-fall. 4. C. bellidifolius (Miehx.) T. & G. Stem 3-5 dm. P glabrous or ob- scurely pubescent: leaf-blades ed gs to linear: braets of the involuere di scarious-margined, ciliolate, 8-9 m 0 obtuse: scien slender, about 4 m. long.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, a adj. provinces, Fla. to N. C. — Sum —fall. 15. LITRISA Small. Perennial somewhat succulent caulescent herbs, the stems single or clustered from short, daa knotty rootstocks. Leaves alternate, the basal ones larger than eauline: blades fleshy-leathery, entire, d lel-veined. Heads corymbose. Involuere eampanulate, few-flowered; braets few, rela- tively broad, pubescent. Corolla bright- o throat. Androecium included. n ond endages ovate, nearly entire, obtuse. Ach euneate, ribbed. Pappus of many dci bristles.—One species. 1. L. carnosa Small. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, finely pubescent; basal leaves in a rosette blades mostly 2-8 em. long, linear, varying CARDUACEAE 1331 to lanceolate or spatulate, acute; cauline leaves remote; blades sessile; in- e erect; bracts mostly acute or mucronate, purple-tinged, the outer ovate, the inner ho n or broadly linear, about 4 mm. dur achene 2-2.5 mm. fall. 16. LACINIARIA Hill.1 Perennial, typically simple herbs with thick roots. Leaves alternate, often numerous; blades narrow, entire. Heads in spikes, racemes, panicles, or i? in cymes. Involucre ovoid to cylindric or turbinate: bracts few or many, imbricate, rarely petaloid. Corolla purple: throat narrow-funnelform, much longer than the slightly narrower tube: lobes lanceolate. Anther-appendages entire or notched. Achene shor rt, ribbed. Pappus of many barbellate or plumose bristles bu 40 species, : orth Ameriean.—BUTTON-SNAKEROOTS. DBLAZING-STARS. RATTLESNAKE-MASTER ran a plumose. Bra of ae involucre with dilated or petal-like, rose, (or white), apical ap- pe piace I. ELEGANTES. Bracts i ihe involucre not petal-like at the a d m. (16-60) -flowered : coro pla nee pubes: en II. SQUARROSAE. Hé: ads f (3.6) Fiat corolla-lobes glabrous, III. PUNCTATAE. BERIT bristles M di: B B olus acute, acuminate, or mucronate ee eee with recurved- -spreading tips. IV. PYCNOSTACHYAE. is with erect or a ppressed tips. Heads secund-spreading on the rachis. V. PAUCIFLORAE. Heads not secund, erect or appressed. VI. TENUIFOLIAE. Bracts of “the involucre obtuse or rounded at the apex (exe EON in No. 17). Involucre campanulate, nearly cylindric, or turbi- nate ; fen flowered. VII. SPICATAE. Involucre hemispheric ; i dd VIII. SCARIOSAE. I. ELE Petal-like tips of the involucral bracts men p" than wide, serrulate, acuminate, 1. L. elegans. Petal-like tips of the involucral bracts about as broad as ong, rounded and erose-denticulate, 2. L. flabellata. II. SQUARROSAE Stout plant with approximate cauline leaves and large m : 2: volucral bracts with rigid, acuminate, spread- ing 3. L.squarrosa. II. PUNCTATAE Slender plant with very narrow leaves: involucral bracts with slightly petaloid tips. 4. L. Boykinii. IV. PYCNOSTACHY molum braets with strongly recurved, small pee ti . L. pycnostachya, Tec icra bracts with slightly recurved, green tips. 6. L. chlorolepis. V. PAUCIFLORAE Stem oed acs glabrous: involucral bracts not glandular punctat T. L. pauciflora. Stem and “rachis pubescent: involucral bracts glandular punct 8. L. secunda. VI. TENUIFOLIA Leaves gradually decreasing in length from ie. base of the stem to the inflorescence. Bracts of 2 involucre linear or nearly so, usually long- acumin 9. L. Chapmanii. Bracts ah “the involucre, ovate-lanceolate, usually mucronate. 1 Contributed by Edward J ohnston Alexander. 1332 CARDUACEAE Braets numerous, about 20, Boe or sparingly ciliate: stem and rachis glabrou 10. L.regimontis. Bracts few, about 10, pubescent with erisped hairs: stem and rachis pubescen nt. 11. L. Garberi. Leaves abruptly smaller near the base of the stem, the lower ones very much elongate. 12. L.tenuifolia. VII. SPICATAE Involuere campanulate; heads sessile. Involueral bracts w ith broad petaloid margins. Involucral Bs with merely scarious = oo 13. L. spicata. Involucre turbinate: heads sessile or pedun Stem and achis copiously pubescent. 14. L. laxa. Stem and 2 oe or nearly So. Involucre 8-12-flower a DDuS b bristles nearly or quite as long as the orolla-tu Involucre Eady eylindri 15. L. microcephala. ma turbinate, Sometimes broadly so. volucre over 9 n ong. ""Involueral bra rounded at the tip. 16. L. r MEN o practs pointed, at the tip. 17. L. Small Involuere less than 8 m long. 18. L. Dacis eed -bristles about half as long as the corolla- 19. L. Helleri. in 'about 20-flowered. 20. L. pilosa. VIII. SCARIOSAE Involueral bracts with broad, petaloid margins and tips. 2]. L.aspera. Involueral bracts with merely scarious margins or not margined at all. i Involucres usually 1 or more high. 8g Involueral ume Sun) ciliate margined or glabrous, often with a few seattered hairs: leaves glabrous or E margined. 22. L. scariosa. Involueral bracts densely puberulent: leaves sca- brous. 23. L. Shortii. Involuere usually less than 1 cm. high. Leaves narrowly linear, scabrous all over. 94. L. Tracyi. Io es elliptic to Bue elliptie, Rond or seabrate merely on the margin. 95. L. Ruthii. 1. L. elegans (Walt.) Kuntze. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, finely pubescent: blades of the lower leaves linear to linear-spatulate; upper leaves reflexed: involueral ets densely pubeseent, the petaloid ti glabrous; tip the inner ones irregularl serrulate.—Pinelands and dry, sandy 10908 Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S Va. Sum.-fall ate CS Shine A 7 * VM, à en. x NLT = 2223 {AY et 2, L. flabellata Small. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, lanuginous: blades a the lower leaves linear or nearly eaves reflexed: in- —-——" I. te CH t y pu iu. ed of pe inner bracts erose-dentieu- late.—Pinelands and open woods, St. Helena Id., S. C.—Fall. 3. L. squarrosa (L.) Hill. dan 39-8 dm. tall, pubescent: blades of the lower lea ves linear to n elliptic: bracts o the ee ol hes ate d abr E. PUE his ing tips, heavily HM md with some cilia on the bract-body (rarely Sees ae the outer- ost epee ciliate): inner bracts Tm acute, 15-22 mm. long: corollas ab ut 1 mm. long: about cn m. long, short-pubescent.—Dry sandy soil, e provinces, Fla. ps "Tex , in d, and Va.—Sum.-fall.—The constituents oft rather difficult to R E at present. The following divisions ae 20. Sud ndm the group. L. squarrosa D media (Lindl.) DC., with SUN CARDUACEAE 1333 heads did narrow and braets io er little spreading, less prolonged, has the ame range as the type. L. squa alabamensis Alexander, with heads more narrow, BE s glabrous prid the one abruptly atus and very Squarrose, is in Ala. an nd Mis L. Boykinii Soa & G.) Kuntze. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly s blades of the lower leaves narrowly linear: heads loosely ae cate- ces slender- E UI inner braets of the Spa linear, 9—19 m pu acumi- nate, glabrous or nearly so: Ris 6-7 ong: achene 4-4.5 mm. long, o sometimes shorter.—Dry or sandy soil, E Pie Ga.—Sum ie a a brid between L. elegans me L. tenui tifolia L. Po (Miehx.) rn Stem 6-15 dm. tall, more or less lor Tex. to Nebr. Minn. Wis. y., and Miss.—Sum.-fall.—L. Langloisii Green, d a by its woolly stem and involucres, may be distine t. 6. L. chlorolepis Small. Stem 3-6 dm . tall, hirsute-tomentulose: blades o - lower leaves narrowly OM involueral ‘bracts pubescent, with sho aD ae ‘ved green tips; inner bracts 6-7 mm. long, obtuse, long-ciliate: filam fully half as long as the Du achene 3-3.5 mm. long. [L. Garberi Small not Kuntze. Pedy pinelands, near Tampa, Fla.—Fall. 7. L. pauciflora (Pursh) Kuntze. Stem 2-9 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the lower leaves narrowly linear: s braets glabrous; inner bracts dod mm. long, abruptly pointed or somewh = bc E achen e 4—4.5 mm. lon Dry sand, Coastal Plain, Fla. t o S. C.—Sum.—fall. L. secunda (Ell) Small. Stem 3-8 dm. ipid indc) short-pubescent : blades of the lower leaves linear, often narrowly so: inner bract e in- bcd linear, broadened upward, 7—10 mm. lon ng, Rie seattered, short- pubescent: achene 3-5 mm. long. [L. carinata Small.]—$Sandhills and pine- PUPA "Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Fla. and Ala. to N. C.—Fall. 9. L. Chapmanii (T. & G.) Kuntze. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, tomentose: blades of the lower leaves narrowly linear, ind less than 10 em. long (or those of the basal and lower stem-leaves longer L. Chapmanii longifolia); involueral braets glabrous or nearly so; inner bo 11-13 mm. long, linear-aeuminate: achene 5.5-6 mm. long. [L. Deamii Lunell.]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga. 10. L. regimontis Small. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, E blades of the lower leaves narrowly linear: ioco braets glabrou or sparingly t inner braets euneate, 8-9 mm. long, aeute: filaments D than half as s the anthers: achene about 4 mm. long.—Wooded slopes, ur ae the Blue Ridge in the Pisdaiont. also in adj. provinces, Ga. to N. C.—Sun L. Garberi (A. Gray) Kuntze. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, hirsute: blades of the : nd viscid, and abruptly acuminate; inner bracts 8-9 mm. ong, ciliate, viscid and glandular- -punctate: TES 2.5-3 mm. long. [L. Nashii Small.]—Pinelands, pen. Fla.—Sum.-fall.—Unusual on aecount of its clustered fleshy tuberous roots. L. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Kuntze, Stem 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the lower leaves urs -filiform: involucral bracts minutely ciliate; inner bracts _ 9-6 mm. long: corollas 6-7 mm. long: filaments pubescent, less "th an half as long as the he hdi 3.5-4.5 mm. m [Liatris laevigata Nutt. L. 1334 CARDUACEAE laevigata Small.]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Sum.-fall. 13. L. spicata (L.) Kuntze. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, n sparingly hirsute: blades of the lower leaves linear: involucral bra s glabrous; intermediate bracts oblong-ovate; inner bracts 8-9 mm. long, e linear: corollas 6.5-7.5 ong; lobes glabrous: aehene 4-5 mm. u E irse prairies, low- pinelands, and low grounds, various provinces, Fla o La., Mi and Mass.— Sum.-fall.—L. spicata montana Gray, with broader oe and pu heads oc- curs in the Blue Ridge from Ga. and S. C. to Va. 14. L.laxa Small. Stem 4-6 dm. tall, red tomentulose: blades of the lower leaves linear: p ee finely and densely ciliate; inner bracts narrowed at the tip, 4-5 mm. long: achene mostly over 3 m m. long. [L. gracilis Fl. SE U. S. Coastal sand-dunes, Fla. to Ala. and S. O Shr 15. L. mi M A cid br. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, glabrous: cie of the lower leaves narrowly lin often elongate: inv olueral a labrous, nearly cylindrie; inner put. 1-8 mm. long: corollas D p 2 i n filaments fully half as long as the anthers: achene clava "oH ng. LL polyphylla Small.]—Sandy soil, Blue Ridge to Interior EON “Plateaus, Ga. to Tenn.— 16. L. ee ys (Walt.) Kuntze. Stem 2-12 dm. tall, glabrous: leaves l ded ear the base; blades of the lower ones linear: involucral bracts nar- owly renee Sag a minutely ciliate; th ner ones 7—8 mm. long, linear Aenea ne 4-5 mm. long. [L. vittata Greene. | Arid fields ded w oods, pe damp savannas, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Tenn. and N. J.— L. Smallii Britton. Stem 1-8 dm. tall, glabrous: leaves eiliate near the base; blades of the lower ones broadly or narrowly linear: inv pus braets eiliate margined, broadly linear and m E =. -tipped; inner bracts broadly linear, ciliolate all around, 8-9 mm. long: olla-tube scarce ely zi did than b pappus: achene 4-5 mm. ‘lon ng.—Mt. FEM “Blue Ridge, Ga. Sum =F o (Pursh) Kuntze. Stem 4-10 dm. e E lower leaves h long, linear or narrowly elliptie bl Ar braet of the involuere narrowly linear- elliptic, glabrous (sometimes puberulen incl ciliate, the inner 4-5 ong: achene very coa rsely ribbed, 2— ae m. long.—Dry, open woods, fields and N Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss. and E ——Late m.—fall.—Probably L. ganida and L. Vae gata of Greene belong he 19. L. Helleri Porter. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of the lower leaves PAR involueral bracts minutely cili p inner braets narrowly 2 7-8 mm. long: eorolla-tube twice as long as the pappus: achene about . long. SI soil and cliffs, Blue Ridge, N. " and Va.—Sum.—fall 20. L. pilosa (Ait.) Heller. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the lower leaves broadly linear or linear-oblong: involueral braets narrowly apu -elliptie, ees ous; inner ones linear, 8-10 mm. long: achene fully 5 m . long.—Dry Dd Or od en various provinees N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., W. Va., and S V 1. L. aspera (Michx.) Greene. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, densely ars blades of the lower leaves narrowly elliptie: involueral braets with only the s ti ip and sid i ene 4-5 ous pr kla. to Nebr., Minn. and Ind.—Sum.-fall.—L. aspera sphaeroidea (tiet) Alexander, a variety with glabrous leaves oeeurs on mountain slopes p CARDUACEAE 1335 and rocky soil, in the mountains of rom N. C. and Tenn., and in various prov- inces, to Minn. and Mich.—Sum.-fal 22. .) 0 blades of the lower iem linear to elliptie, pov ios I pci ner eaters of the dpi 10-15 mm. long in typical plants, s small moun- tain forms; glabrous or nearly 80, d with sli Po 'spatulate t tips, becoming definitely spatulate in the i racts and nearly ov n the outer r cilia o scarious margin, at other times markedly serious margine but WE foliaceous and thick: achene 4-6 mm. long. [L. squarrulosa Michx.]— Plains, hillsides, and open woods, various Diosc Fla. to Ill., Mieh., and Mass Sum fall. 23. L. Shortii Alexander. Stem 6-9 dm. tall, ipu B blades of the didis dis euren very HI cm. brac of the involucre with a very narr argin, otherwise quite oe. a ely short- duse very spatulate he inner nearly linear, 10-12 mm. lon ng: achene about 5 mm. long.—Dry ocky soil, various provinces, Miss. and La., to Ark. and Ohio. — Sum. “fall. . Tracyi Alexander. Stem about 4 dm. or more tall, densely pubescent: blades of the lower leaves linear, very scabrous: ges of the involucre rounded at the tip, somewhat ‘pa atulate, pubescent; inner ones 7-8 mm. long: achene about 5 mm. long.—Baldwin Co.. ., in the Coastal Plain of Ala.—Fall. 20. L. Ruthii Alexander. Stem 3-16 dm. tall, pubescent: blades of the lower leaves linear to elliptic glabrous or nearly so: involucral bracts rather narrowly eaae usually green, lightly pu ene narrowly if at all searious-margined, r braets 8-11 mm. long: e 4-5 mm. lon ng.—Woods and thickets, bem pisa chiefly TA Blue Rides and pear IM Ga. io Tenn. and N. C.—Sum.-fall. 17. AMMOPURSUS Small, Perennial, succulent, caulescent herb, the stem from a long, perpendicular, fleshy tap-root. Leaves alternate, fleshy: blades narrow, entire, punctate, sessile. Heads solitary or in panicles, r not radiate, erect. Involucre cylindric-campanulate, many-flowered: bracts broad, in si j j Flowers perfect. Corolla rose-purple: tube slender-cylindrie: throat ide mon the tube, more or less urceolate: limb slightly zygomorphic: lobes 5, spreading, about as long as the throat. Stamens included: filaments filiform- subulate: unes linear, rounded or emarginate at the apex, eordate at the base, the lobes rounded. Style filiform. igmas filiform, 20 longer than the s Achene fusiform, 10—12-ribbed, pubes 'appus of numerous capillary baibellate bristles in two serie s,t e outer shorter than the inn nner, the inner as iene as or longer than the achene —One species 1. A. Ohlingeri (Blake) Small. Stem 2-11 acute, glabrous: involucre about 2 em. long; 1336 CARDUACEAE braets numerous, the outer orbicular- Dey E en longer and nar- Ae er to t linear- -spatulate inner one 1 obtuse, the bo ody deep green, punc- e, the scarious margins pale: co eT pude rose- purple, a I i 2c ELA. an ences throat cilindri -urceolate; lobes lanceolat . long, achene dd rm, 8-9 mm. long, about 10- ribbed, den ipe ouis with aa ing hair appus whitish, much shorter than the corolla, ees [ Laciniaria Olilingeri Blake. | cee, S end of lake region, Fla. —Sun 18. GARBERIA A. Gray. Much-branched shrubs. Leaves alternate, ever- green: blades broad, entire. Heads in rather dense corymbose cymes. In- voluere narrowly turbinate. Corolla rose-purple: throat campanulate, rather shorter than the much narrower tube: lobes ovate to lanceolate. Androecium conspicuously exserted: anther-appendages notched. All MT Achene long, sharply Lol ccn of scabro-bar- NEU T bellate capillary bristles in 2 or more rows.—One XE. iN 1. G. fruticosa (Nutt.) A. Gray. Plant 1-2 m. tall, pe ur etek leaf-blades spatulate to obovate, 2—3 ong: , e 10-12 mm. i involucr 0—1 m. lo bracts narrow me outer lanceolate, the inner linear- -cuneate, all acute or acuminate, se ud S Rd d: achene slender- fusiform 7-8 mm. long or sometimes longer pubescent.—Scrub and coastal dunes, pen. Fla —Spr.-fall.—Conspieuous in the ED. in winter from its persistent poA pappus. 19. TRILISA Cass. Perennial caulescent herbs; the stem from short root- stocks. Leaves alternate, the. basal ones much larger than the eauline: blades leathery, entire or shallowly toothed, sparingly pinnate-veined. Heads thyrsoid- o e or corymbose. Involuere turbinate, few-flowered: bracts few, rela- tively c glandular. Corolla rose-purple, with a short tube and a cylindrie t Androecium included. Anther-appendages ovate. Achene fusiform, ae ribbed. Pappus of many eapillary barbellate bristles.— Two species: Stem viscid-pubescent: heads thyrsoid-paniculate : involueral bracts n stalked glands. . T. paniculata Stem glabrous or nearly so: heads corymbose: involucral o. bracts with sessile glands. 2. T. odoratissima. T. paniculata (Walt.) Cass. Stem 2-17 dm. tall, spar ingly hirsute: basal n mostly 5-20 em. long; blades elliptie to almost linear: blades of the auline leaves narrow, sessile: inner bracts of the involuere less than 5 mm. long: eorolla-lobes rather ate: achene fully 3 mm. long.—Low Du Coastal P Fla. to La., A N. C. (or S Va.?).— Fall 2. T. odoratissima (Walt.) Cass. Stem 5-15 dm s somewhat glaucous: basal leaves ne 10- 30 lon ; blades elliptie, cuneate spat Te of the cauline leaves broad, slightly aooo ner br f 1 Sone over mm. long; eorolla-lobes rather lanceolate: achene 2-3 mm. long.—(VANILLA-PLANT. DEER’S-TONGUE. HOUN TONGUE, )— v pinelands, o La., and N. c. a S Va.?).—Sum.-fall.— E. )— Loy Fla. t The leaves contain coumarin and have been used as a flavoring agent.—Extreme CARDUACEAE | 1337 forms often BE the ee ard of two species Duns involved. One a stron odor, broad, el asping, ~ toothed upper lea blades and death viscid involueres, the other ae nly a faint odor, narrow entire upper leaf-blades and very viscid n ou 20. AMPHIACHYRIS DC. Annual or perennial, glabrous herbs. Leaves alternate: blades narrow, entire. Heads small. Involucre campanulate to cylindric, the bracts obtuse. Ray-flowers with small ligules. Disk-corollas with a cylindric-cam- panulate throat. Anthers narrow. Stigmas pubes- cent. Achenes of the ray with a crown-like pappus, those of the disk abortive, with bristle-like pappus- seales.—T' wo species, North American. A. dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. Stem 3-7 dm. tall: Ea s narrowly linear or linear-filiform, 1-5 ong; braets of the involuere dde the inner ps long: ligules yellow, 3-4 mm. lon achene anon 1 mm. long.—Dry s soil, various provinces, N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex., N. M. , Kans., and Mo. — Sum 1. GRINDELIA Willd. Perennial or iiA annual or biennial herbs, or woody, often glutinous plants. Leaves alternate: blades mostly spinulose toothed. Heads large. Involuere hemispheric or ee the bracts slender- g- is rowly funnelform throat longer than the tube. Anthers linear; a lanceolate. Stigmas linear. Achene ribbed. Pap- pus of the disk ‘of 2-8 smooth awns or stiff bristles, caducous.—About 30 species, western eee STICK Y-HEADS. | HF ni [e] = £5 u z e» ie] Leaf-blades coarsely Spiny-toothed : achene 2-lobed at the apex. 1. G. lanceolata. Leaf-blades finely spiny-toothed : achene truneate at the apex. 2. G. squarrosa. G. lanceolata Nutt. Stem 5-8 dm. tall glabrous, usually sparingly T above: blades of the p obs 2 s to linear-lanceolate or ng, mo r less acuminate Imost linear, 2-8 cm. long, e bra of the involuere with SR ru poc WY il 3-3.5 mm. long, 2-lobed at the apex, rather bluntly $ Y, ib ed.—Dry soil, barrens, prairies and waste-places, GANN y il | nn. WV: various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Kans., and Tenn.— Sum 2. G. squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, n more or less branched above and as sometimes also abis pen eliptic e s -elliptie or somewhat bro e. ned upward, 2-5 long, obtuse or aeute: braets of the involuere with recurved tips: achene 2.5-3 mm. long, truncate at the apex, rather sharply ribbed.—Dry soil, prairies and plains, various provinces, Tex. to Ariz., Nev., Sask., and Minn.; widely naturalized on road- sides, railroad banks, and fields in he E states.—(Menz.). 22. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. Biennial herbs, with villous, hirsute, floccose, eottony, or arachnoid pubescence. Leaves alternate: blades narrow or broad, but neither nervose nor gramineous, mostly entire. Heads in a terminal corymb. 1338 CARDUACEAE Involuere ovoid to hemispheric, the bracts narrow. Ray-flowers with con- spicuous yellow ligules. Disk-corollas with a narrow funnelform throat. An- her-appendages lanceolate. Stigmas subulate. Achene somewhat turgid, ellipsoid or obovoid, 3-5-nerved. Pappus double, of numerous PAN the outer series very short and seale-ike.—About 20 species, North Ameriean.—Mostly sum.—fall.—GOLDEN-ASTERS. Plant perennial: achene 3—5-nerv A u Bracts of the ie ep laD oU I. AE. Bracts of the involucre &landular or cobwebby. Bracts of the n volucre copiously aadar, without E ha II. MARIANAE. Br nee s of the anole with abe hairs. III. PILOSAE. Plant annual, with a tap-root: achene 10-nerved. IV. NUTTALLIANAE. I. TRICHOPHYLLAE Bracts of the involucre prolonged into subulate tips. 1. C. subulata. Bracts of the involuere acute, mucronate, or short-acuminate. Cauline leaves, at least the lower ones, with spatulate, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate blades. Braci of the involucre acute or short-acuminate. 2. C. trichophylla.. Za of the involucre abruptly pointed or mucro- 3. C. gigantea. Cauline. Teves with narrowly linear blades. 4. C. hyssopifolia. II. MARIANAE Pubescence deciduous : foliage rough-glandular 5. C. scabrella. Pubescence persistent: foliage smooth on soft ‘glandular. Bracts of the involucre 1 mm. wide o Stem and leaves cobwebby- 2D A ud 6. C. mariana, Stem and leaves white cottony-lanate. Peduneles cottony-lanate and with some glands He er the in voluere. 1. C. arenicola. Hn only glandular Bra of the in 2o cre acuminate recurved: Pa conspicuously E 8. C. lanuginosa. Bracts of the involucre acute, ect: inflores- cence inconspicuously glandula 9. C. floridana. .Braets of the involucre 2 mm. wide or more, | 10. C. latisquama. III. PILOSAE Peduncles glandular: bracts of the involucre sparingly cob- webby. 11. C. decumbens. Peduncles densely villous-cobwebby: bracts of the involucre densely, villous-cobwebby. 12. C. pilosa. IV. "VILLOSAE Plant pubescent, the stem simple below the inflorescence or sometimes branehed throughout. 13. C. Nuttallii. 1. C.subulata Small. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, short cobwebby: blades of the basal leaves m narrowly spatulate, those of the cauline c spatulate to linear, Bonds entire oe 6-8 mm. long; bracts with curved or bent caudate tips: achene 1.5- 2 m long.—Pinelands and So pen. Fla. and rarely N Fla ——BSpr.-fall or all year 2. C. trichophylla Nutt. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, more or less long cobwebby, at least when young: blades leaves broadly spatulate, those of the e ic-obo i , lands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C. and Miss., (La.?) CARDUACEAE ' 1339 3. C. gigantea Small. - oon dm. tall, sparingly N pubescent, at least when old: leaves nume e basal and lower cauline with spatulate, to oblanceolate or oblong- P A blades; upper eau uc leaves with e to oblong-laneeo t blades, often obscurely serrulate, sometimes apiculate: in- voluere 7-9 m igh; bracts linear-lanceolate to d aeute to slightly acumi- nate, S0 achene 2—2.5 mm. long.—Pinelands, Fla C. hyssopifolia Nutt. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, glabrous o or sparingly cobwebby when young: leaves numerous, the basal in a dense rosette, white cottony, with spatulate or linear-spatulate blades, cauline leaves Bn. cro wde d; blades rad linear to linear-filiform, 1-6 em. long: involuere 6-8 mm. lon ng; bra ets ri c often abruptly so with erect tips: achenes 2-2.5 mm. Pr ——Dry pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala. 5. C.sc cd : G. ne 3—12 dm. tall, more or less rough-glandular: leaves rather numerou e basal in a very dense rosette, white-eottony, with spatulate, often anes “toothed blade s: blades of the cauline leaves linear-spatulate to ae ar, acute, more or less glandular- sabe acute, sessile: involucre 6—9 m. high; aan ee subulate to linear, rigid, acute, often abruptly so: achene 25-3 mm. long.—-Pinelands, prairies, and scrub, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. 6. C. mariana (L.) Nutt. Stem 1-6 dm tall, more or less eobwebby; and glandular in the dpa cn blades of the | ca line leaves spatulate to elliptic or oblong, 2-12 em. long, n acute, entire or remotely toothed, the lower ones narrowed into petiole like pi heads showy: involuere 8-10 mm. long, braets linear, acute, glandular, p achene about 2 mm. Jong —Dry woods and hill- sides, various provinces, Fla. to La., Tenn., and S N. C. arenicola Alexander. Stem dt 3 dm. tall, white cottony: blades of the cauline leaves various, the lower ones slightly broadened u upward, 1-3 : he upper ones Eas d ola to linear-lanceolate, ipia i the base sessile, all white cottony-lanate: bracts of the involucre rather ul the inner bracts narrowly linear, acuminate: achenes about 2 long.—Sandhills, near Hartsville, S. C. 8. C. lanuginosa Small Stem below the n d white-woolly, finely glandular above and in the inflorescence, 2 dm. tall or more, sometimes branched wi 9. C. A RE Small. Stem usually branched at Une e the branches curved, 2.9—4 dm. long, white-cottony below, glandular above: leaves white- inei. ; basal and low er cauline leaves mun DER blades mostly ds than 1 dm. long; blades of the upper cauline entire: euneate to oblong-cuneate e, 1.5-2.5 cm. s obtuse, partly clasping: peduncles inconspicuously glandular: involuere 6-8 mm. high; bracts firm, glandular, often TE so, acute or slightly acuminate.—Serub, .sand-dunes and pinelands, pen 1 glandular above, the branches often dei Ta and lower stem-leaves with spatulate or oblanceolate blades; upper cauline leaves smaller; blades oblong to linear-oblong or broadly linear, eism p undulate: involuere 7-8 mm. high; 1340 l CARDUACEAE bracts mostly broadest above the middle, not woolly, glandular, deep-green, the outer rather foliaceous, usually acute.—Pinelands and hammock-borders, pen. la. 11. C. decumbens Chapm. Stem decumbent, 6-12 dm. long, white-cottony or cobwebby-cottony ; ieri of the cauline leaves spatulate to oblong or oblong- lanceolate, obtuse or abruptly acute, entire, sessile: involuere 8-10 mm. high braets sparingly Cubs UIT RA —Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C. we 12. C. pilosa (Walt.) Britton. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, lanate: blades of the cauline leaves on oblong, or oblong-spatulate, obtuse or apieulate, a Or spar ingly toothed dni partiy Mu involucre about 1 cm. high; s densely villous-cob webby ute or acuminate. LC. gossypina Nutt. eae ene w er and pinelands, ila. p Ala. and N. C., (Va.?) 13. C. Nuttallii Britton. Stem villous or softly hirsute, E 8 dm. pe d be- low the inflorescence or sometimes branched throug sn aves few umerous, 1.5—4.5 em. long: blades E - linear-oblong, entire or dista antiy or r coarsely toothed, acute, sessile, or er ones oblong- T te and commonly in cised: heads showy: invo lue s 8-10 m o bracts linear or linear- S003. acuminate: ray-flowers with ti igul ; 10-15 m long: achenes 10-nerved.—Rocky open w roods, sandy hills, prairies, ad oak- o. Miss. to Tex., Kans., and Mo. 23. PITYOPSIS Nutt. Perennial herbs with silvery or lead-colored, silky pubescence, or rarely glabrate. Leaves alternate: blades elongate, nervose or gramineous, entire. Heads terminating irregular peduncles or eorymbose. Involucre campanulate to turbinate: bracts narrow. Ray-flowers with yellow ligules. Disk-corollas with a narrow funnelform throat. Anther- appendages ovate to lanceolate. Stigmas lanceolate. Achene compressed- -fusi- form. Pappus double, the outer series very short and scale-like. About 10 species of eastern North America. Cauline leaves numerous, filiform; glabrous or nearly so. I. PINIFOLIAE. Cauline leaves few, linear, silky- -lanate, sometimes narrowly so, or linear- -lanceolate. Peduncles, branches, and stem woolly-tomentose. II. Koc Peduncles, branches, and sometimes the stem, glandular. III. ASPER I. PINIFOLIAE PET plant with m m filiform leaves and not very numer- S heads of flow 1. P. pinifolia. II. GRAMINIFOLIAE Stem conspicuously zigzag 2. P. flexuosa. Stem strict or cup so Involucres 10-12 m hig h. n orescence branches. few or several: ligules of the ray-flowers mostly over 1 cm. long. 3. P. Tracyi. Tubo scence bran Cos. many: HEUS of the ray- owers less than 1 cm. long. 4. P. graminifolia. Involueres 4-7 mm. high. 5. P. microcephala. III. ASPERAE Lower cauline leaves not markedly longer than the upper. 6. P. Ruthii. Lower cauline leaves PP longer than the upper em-leaves numer approximate; blades narrow: ligules of the ie ere less than 1 em. long. 7. P. aspera. Stem leaves mostly 2-4, distant: blades relatively broad: ka of the ray- -flowers over 1 cm. long. 8. P. oligantha. CARDUACEAE 1341 1. P. pinifolia (Ell) Nutt. oo 2-4 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves a ME inner bracts of the involucre 4-5.5 mm. long, glabrous: ligules ong. [Chrysopsis pinifolia Ell. ]— We ape 6-7 mm. lor Sandhil Ils, Taylor County in the Coastal j Plain of "Ga. —Fnll. WAG AS Ny P. flexuosa (Nash) Small. ligules 8-10 mm. long: tiskceorollas 7 7-8 mm. long. [Chrysopsis ps Nash]. — Dry sandy pinelands, M FI cu. —fall. Tracyi Small. Stem 3-5 dm. tall: d pues leaves narrowly linear, e ones greatly n \ inner bract Ut "the voles 7-9 m long- ciliate pes 11-12 mm. long. (OS, ysopsis Tracyi Small.]—Pinelands, pen. Fla. and the Keys.—All yea . £raminifolia (Michx.) Nutt. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves iun ie "a pud or linear-subu - inner braets of the involuere 7-1 gules 7-9 mm. long: disk-corollas 7-8 mm. long [Chrysopsis n d (Michi) N utt. C. argentea vds i —Sand oy often acid, soil, mies Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to T and Md.—(W. I.)—Sum.—ear] wint. or all year S.—P. pando o Fernald, distinguished. m "the pee cauline leaves nearly the same length as the lower, grades into the typical . P. microcephala Small. Stem 4-7 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves linear-lanceolate: outer bracts of the ie broadly is not gland- ular; inner braets 5—6 . long: ligules 3-4 mm. long: filaments shorter than the anthers. [Chrysopsis microcephala be uL soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—Sum 6. P. Ruthii Small. Stem 1-3 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves linear bh m linear Pu outer braets of p c a uude. er bracts 6.5-7.5, m ong: filaments longer than the anthers. Du psis Ruthi Small. ]—Roeks, p re Valley, ee Valley, Tenn.—Fal 7. P. aspera (Shuttlw.) Small. Stem 3-7 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves linear to narrowly de lanceolate: outer pede of pu PA lanceo- late, glandular; inner bracts 6-8 mm. long: disk corollas mm. g: fila- me nts much shorter than n. anthers. [CI ysopsis a Shatil. -»5 soil, mostly in pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Va. P. oligantha (Chapm.) Small. Stem 3-6 dm. : blades of the cauline leaves linear to elliptic: outer bracts of the voluere lanceolate, glandular; inner bracts 7— ong, strongly ciliate: dis 7-8 mm. long: fila- k-e ments as long as the anthers or longer. Did sopsis pot Chapm. ].—Pine- lands, Coastal Plain, N Florida and SE Ala.—Spr. 24. HETEROTHECA Cass. Annual or biennial, pubescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire or toothed. Heads rather large. Involuere 1342 CARDUACEAE hemispherie or eampanulate, the inner bracts ciliate. Ray-flowers with b apos yellow i unnelf Anther- appendages Enc s poss du cacao or triangular. Achenes of the ray thickish, those of the disk flat. Pappus of the disk of many bristles, those of the outer series shorter and stouter an those of the inner.—About 6 Spenge North American. H. subaxilaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby. B. 3 12 dm. tall, hirsute or hispid; blades of the stem-leaves elliptic to end -lanceo- late, 1-7 em. long, serrate: in e 7-8 mm. high; outer om Pisa pubeseent: achene about 2 mm. TUBE. [H. Lamarckii Cass.].— (CAM di PLANT. je sand-dunes, and waste-places, various CNN s Tex., Kans., and Del.—(W. I., Mes., C. A., S. A.)—Sum.-fall, Yall yea oS = v weedy sane very variable in habit and with a great re of lenf. for 25. CHONDROPHORA Raf. Perennial, glabrous, slender, virgate- stemmed herbs. Leaves alternate: blades very narrow, entire. Heads in terminal eorymbs, or rarely thyrsoid. Involuere narrow, few-flowered: bracts narrow, abruptly or gradually narrowed at the apex. Ray-flowers wanting. Disk-corollas yellow, with a broadly funnelform throat about as long as the tube or longer: lobes lanceolate. Achenes 1-2-ribbed on each side. Pappus of 1 series of bristles.— Two species.—Sum.—RAYLESS-GOLDENRODS. Stem-leaves with linear or linear-spatulate blades. 1. C. nudata. Stem-leaves with filiform blades. 2. C. virgata C. nudata (Miehx.) iiir. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: blades of the i leaves spatulate to linear-spatulate, 3-12 em. long: inner bracts of the a linear- E or linear- a 4.5—5 long, aeu or acutish — Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va. (or N. J.?). 2. C. virgata (Nutt.) Greene. Similar to C. nudata in habit: blades of the basal when the plants grow en masse, especially on prairies, shows a color not usually seen in this family. and prairies, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, W Fla. Tex. and Ga.—The greenish yellow very numero us desc heads of these species, 26. BRINTONIA Greene. Perennial pubescent, leafy-stemmed herbs. Leaves alternate: blades broad, coarsely toothed, with wide petiole-like bases. CARDUACEAE 1343 ds many, racemose. Involuere campanu- nelform roat and mewhat shorter tube: lobes ovate. Am. longer than the filaments: appendages lanceolate. Stig- mas lanceolate or ovate. chene ribbed. eel aaa numerous, the inner clavate at the tip.—One 1. B. discoidea (Ell) Greene. Stem 8-15 dm. tall, finely hirsute: lea e abe 4-9 D volueres 6-8 mm. high: c oa abo on long, white or whitish, and often oe tinged eee ae ‘ial of woods, “and thickets, Coastal Plain, Fla. o La. and Ga.—Sum 27. SIDERANTHUS Fraser. Annual or perennial, more or less widely ee herbs, or shrubs. Leaves aie blades spinulose-toothed, ed, or pinnatifid. Heads terminating t S Involuere hemispherie or cam- panulate, many-flowered: bracts narrow, usually acuminate. Ray-flowers yellow, several. Disk-corollas with a narrowly funnel- hroat a esc mo Pappus of 1-3 series i bristles —About 20 species, American. 1. S. megacephalus (Nash) Small Ste 8-12 dm. tall, finely pubescent: id blades lanceolate to linear-elliptie, 2-7 long, S ved c toothed: outer braets of The involucre 10-12 mm. long, acute, cilio- te.—Ooastal dunes and waste places, Coastal Plain, Fla. d Tex.—Sum.-fall. 28. ISOPAPPUS T. & G. Annual or biennial, virgate-stemmed herbs. Leaves alternate: blades narrow, some of them coarsely toothed. Heads in- open panicles. Involuere narrow: ts to line a narrowly funnelform t nd short tube: lobes deltoid. Anthe as the fila ts o ppe bristles.—Three species, North American. L IL E (Nutt.) T. & G. Stem f 3-12 dm. tall, hispid and glandular: leaf- | blades linear- he to narrowly linear, 1344 CARDUACEAE 2-10 em. long: ps bracts eiliolate near the tip, the inner as well as the Du glan ndular: filaments longer E the anthers.—Dry soil, seed o and oadsides, various a. Fla. to Tex., Kans., and S. C.—Sum 29. CHRYSOMA Nutt. Shrubs or partly woody plants. Leaves ever- green, alternate: blades narrow, fieshy-leathery, conspicuously fine-pitted. Heads numerous, thyrsoid, or somewhat ; 0 : braets narrow, the inner mueh longer h than the Stigmas of the dub os lanceolate. pus of 1 or 2 series of brownish capiilary bristles.—One species. . C. pauciflosculosa eos chx.) Green Stem 3-9 dm. tall: f-blades rend green, end -spatulate b dut oblong, 3—6 em. long: involueres 4-6 mm. long, the inner bracts linear-lanceolate: ligules of the ray- orale. d" . long: achene 3-4 mm. long.— Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and "S. C. SOLIDAGO L.1 Perennial caulescent herbs, with long horizontal stolons nvoluere campa anu e turbinate, Or que ri so, and longer or much longer than the outer. Ray-flowers few to man corolla with a slender tube and a yellow or very ly a white ligule. Disk- orollas tube which is usually abruptly dilated i a funnelform or campanulate throat nearly or quite as long: lobes lanceolate, spreading Anthers nearly or quite as long as the filaments. Stigmas mostly lanceolate, rarely elongate-lanceolate. Pappus of 1 or 2 series of ae bristles.— bout 125 species, mostly North Ameriean.—GOLDENRODS. Stigmas several times as long as wide: heads large or very large, not unilaterally racemose (not secund): plant without long horizontal stolons: e not triple-ribbed : achene sparsely silky above I. MACROPHYLLAE, Stigmas lanceolate, 1-3 times as long as wide. Achene glabrous ai at maturity, sometimes s sely hair ng: stolons : heads nilaterally racemose (n secund) : leaf- bas nage triple-ribbed. Main lateral veins of leaf-bla is on e lower side elevated: leaf- blodies coriaceous. Inv MA bracts, at qum d Ute e ones, with eadin II. SQUARROSAE. Inv olueral «aor. "with tips not spreading. III. HISPIDAE mon lateral T of leaf-blades a the lower side mbedded : leaf-blades coriace IV. CONFERTAE. Achene permanently hairy, or if (rel) ee the heads unilaterally racemose (secund). * Contributed by Kenneth Kent Mackenzie. CARDUACEAE 1345 Plant without long horizontal stolon Thyrse spicate or umbel-like, the Tai not uni- laterally racemose (not secund V : . . VIRGA-AUREAE, Thyrse paniculate, usually with many of the heads unilaterally racemose (secund). . Leaf-blades strongly pellucid-punctate, VI. ODORAE. Leaf-blades ae pee (est Er te. asal es stem-leaves gr adus. reduced ape aed. VII. ULMIFOLIAE. Basal rosettes usually present, very large an COnopicugue : lower stem-leaves er. base: et le amplexica ule, VIII. NOTABILES. i at .base: dry nd plan IX. ARGUTAE. honors petioles. strongly clasp- Dent M vid serrate ate, coria- — ‘pla ants M en. X. ULIGINOSAE, Leat- ‘blades US and cori- ntir plants of en. ness" or salt- marshes. . XI. SEMPERVIRENTES. blades, at least partially riple- : Plant with long horizontal stolons. Basal dao and basal leaves conspicuous, e blades i se nr than the abruptly upper XII. NEMORALES. En e Pe m the pum not impressed, serrate nate-serrate. XIII. VERNAE. Leaf-blades "wit nud us entire or shallowly crenate-ser XIV. PETIOLATAE.. Basal rosettes anina or De inconspicuous. Thyrse with the lower heads in axillary clusters, the pper Spicate: leaf-blades not ipie ribbe XV. Thyrse paniculate, ' the heads unilaterally racemose enun at least on the I'LEXICAULES. us, gradually redu ced upw Leaf. blades not triple. ribbed. XVI A ALTISSIMAE. Leaf-blades triple-ribbed. XVII. SEROTINAE. I. MACROPHYLLAE Plant with basal rosettes large and conspicuous; heads 10-15 mm. high, the lower ones in clusters, the upper forming a spike-like thyrse : pu much elongate and conspicuous, somewhat flattene d. . S. glomerata. II. SQUARROSAE Plant with heads medium-sized or large, 6-12 mm. terminal thyr i elow: involucral bracts, at least of the outer ones with s AUR tips: ed, 2-3 times a ng as wide: ac stigmas Jowish-br flatten times as lo wide ene eil dark- -br rown or yel- ow Basal ros settes conspicuous: blades of the lower stem-leaves av those of the basal rosettes 6-12 cm. long, 3-5 cm. vide, their petioles as long as or longer than the blades. Basal rosettes | usually nonc p of Pos lower leaves RE lon 1 0.8-5 vide, their petioles 15: mm {u p lo Leat- blades thick, oblong- l firm, shallowly crenate- the larger mostly 6-8 em. long, 1.5-2 cm wide : stem closely short hispid above: involucral bracts loos 3. S. Milleriana. Leaf- oe thin, oblong-obovate | 2. S. squarrosa. or oblong- E long, 2.5-5 cm. ns stem pilose above; involucral sed. 4. S. Buckleyi, 1346 CARDUACEAE . HISPIDAE Plant with heads medium- "mr or smallish to large, ae ms A ee borne in ense narrow terminal thyrse, only the lowermost (ra in axillary clusters: involucral bracts with tips not spreading: Suas. on flattened, 2-3 times as long as wide: achene linear or linear-cylindric, or cylindric-clavate, glabrous at maturity, dull or blackish in color, not compressed. Involucral bracts Stem copiously pubescen nt, Li E ~ the ray cream- oun veinless or obscurely achene columna 5. S. bicolor. pies of the ray oree vello. strongly veined: achene broadened upward. 6. S. hispida. Stem glabrous or minutely puberu nt. Involucre 4-5.5 i racts minutely puberulent : achene yellowish. 7. S. erecta. Involucre AL mm. high: bracts strigillose: achene blackis 8. S. Porteri, Stem closely puberulent or eee eal bra i e obscure. 7 m Blades of the leaves about the middle of the stem oblong-obovate, hispidulous above all over: inner involucral bracts Ed narrowed, oblong- l lanceolate, nearly 1 mm. wi 9. S. puberula. Blades of the leaves about n middle of the stem oblanceolate, strongly hispidulous above on mid- rib, slightly so elsewhere; inner involucral bracts aa Dup? narrowed above middle, very nar- owly lanceolate, Eo t 0.5 mm. wide. 10. S. pulverulenta. Stem dD a or spar ringly loosely pubescent : involucral bracts mostly 3-ribbed. 11. S.roanensis. V. CONFERTAE Plant with heads medium-sized to large, 6-10 m high, borne in a narrow large n RE involucral bracts appressed : ES strongly flattened, 253 times as lon wide: achene linear or enr. oblong, evenly ‘dilated upward, gla- brous aaa dark. nec Bt maturity, truncate at the apex Inflorescence-branches hairy: basal leaves with narrowly to bro oo lanceolate to obovate Br Po uod with me a lateral veins conspicuous: ocks not form- ae War d ligneous masses. E cylindric; bracts narrowly c oblong, obtuse to acutish: achene as long as pappu 12. S. Harperi, insolucre campanulate; bracts DINE. very obtuse: pap ; Ligules of the ray light-yellow: thyrse large and broad, not strict: involucral bracts with midvein little ihickened, strongly dilated, In hispidu- lou dm blades 2.5-10 em. wi ide: basal rosettes Cons ic us. 13. S. conferta, e of. "the ray deep- iru thyr rrOW ds h d m on. wide: basal rosettes oa nconspicuou 14. S. rigidiuscula. inflorescence! branches E early glabrous: basal leaves with ei LARA blades: rootstocks forming very hard ligneo 15. S. plumosa. Vv. ius oq Plant with heads re: sized or large, 5-10 high, usually not very numerous, often few, bor in a thyrse E: markedly a in- volucral bracts aed = Ami strongly flattened, 2-3 t ng as wide achene narrow, pubescent, often dilated upward, truncate AC "the es 16. S. spithamaea. VI. ODOR nt without long n stolons : a rosettes wanting or ve Pla e leaves very numerous; blades not TODE entire, T DEA nise- “scented, LE or slightly petioled: hea unilaterally mose, usually nume rou 4 high, few-flowered : Eee olacee * cylindric ; Braces SERM. narrow, n. stigmas Saton, longer. than wide: achene hairy, dilated upward, truncate at apex Stem pubescent in lines: leaf-blades linear-lanceolate or linear: pappus not exceeding the involucre at flowering time. 17. S. odora. CARDUACEAE Stem usually pubescent all over: leaf-blades oblong.ovate, lanceolate, or di T MU pappus markedly exceeding .. rolucre at flov 18. S. Chapmanii. de Plant without long hor — 55 basal rosettes wanting or very incon- spicuous: leaves gradually Seer Sound blades not triple- ae ae Dellueia- d punctate, the ELM serrate E. [7 heads serrate, prominen ntly ribbe d. nd 2 sub- or heads nch al : ES flattened. "longer than wide: ' achene us o indric, obconic, conspicuously ribbed, rounded at th apex 19. S. ulmifolia VIII. m lant without long horizontal stolons: leaf- TM triple-ribbed, the stem-leaves Strongly amplexicaule: inflorescence NR rather few widely spreading branches or the branches sometimes short and inflorescence contracted: heads not secund, small, 4 mm. high, few-flowered: achene linear-cylindric, eu ed upward, grayish, hir- sutulous, strongly about 10- ribbed, the pappus rather sparse, as long or somewhat shorter 20. S. notabilis, IX. ARGUTAE Plant without long horizontal stolons: basal rosettes often very large Spicuous: leaves much reduced upward ; blades not triple- ribbed, not a o high, unilaterally racemose, on widely spreading branches or rarely “the br aches erect: stigmas flattened, longer than wide: achene D sometimes sparsely so or glabrate in age, ribbed, E at the apex. Inflorescence-branches glabrous: achene not blackish, 1.5 mm. long: (leaves of bacal tufts with ovate- lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate blades 21. S. juncea. Inflorescence-branehes pipe cene achene 1.75-2.5 mm. lon Achene Dol blackish: basal tufts of leaves ocn poorly reloped, blades lanceolate, oblong-oval, ovate- Tacos. oval-obovate or ovate, singly serrate or crenate-serrate. Stem glabrous, beneath the inflorescence. Involucre 2-4 mm. high. Le af- “blades T ous below, glabrous or ular-hairy above, thickish, m 22. S. Boottii. Leaf-blades pustular-hairy on both sides, espe- on the veins, thin, shallowly- Serrat 23. S. strigosa. Involu ee 5 $ mm. high. 24. S.4 POUR HEUS Bee ns ongly and loses short-pubescent: leaf-blades rous (or strigillose above 25. S. brachyphylla. dicio. blackish, 2.25 mm. long: basal tufts of Ad Au ngly dev eloped. their blades ovate, mo i pie serrate, Leaf- id much lighter-green beneath Hun above, iin ; ature achene E pappus 3-4 mm one. Te UR oe . high, 2-2.5 n thick ; er bracts linea Spied d 26. S. arguta. Leaf blaaes EU chee: -green beneath than above, firm achen ut m pappus 2.5-3.5 mm lo ong: old cies 4-6 high, 2.5-4 mm. thick ; inner bracts OBIOnE obovate. 27. S. Harrisii. dac. Lond . ULIGINOSAE lant without long Horizontél stolons: basal rosettes very large and con- spicuous: leaves much reduced upwards; blades not triple-ribbed, no t pellucid- punctate, not aah canescent, thin or mode rately fleshy, prominently and eined beneath, the larger serrate or crenate and Jong-petioled : A s strongly clasping at the base: heads small or medium-siz h, unilaterally : ig i racemose on widely spreading branches or sometimes the lj noches erect : sti n DT than wide: achene pubescent, sometimes sparsely so, ribbed, truncate SUEED of the stem terete or essentially Eu. a a bades t very rough (retrorsely scabrous) Leaf-blades serrate with conspicuous calius. "Ded teeth. : Involucre narrowly campanula ae a. and inflores- -br cence-branches usually more or less hairy, 28. S. uniligulata, Involucre broadly Caa a pedicels and inflores- cence-branches usually glabro 29. S. austrina: Leaf-blades crenate-serrate, 30. S. flavovirens. 1348 CARDUACEAE Internodes of the stem prominently LA below the leaves, (the leaves being decurrent) : eaf-blades very rough (retrorsely scabrous) ab : Involucre broadly campanulate, 4.5-5 m high, abou t 3 mm. thick: achene two- thirds le eneth P" the Sus 31. S. rigida. Involucre campanulate to narrowly campanulate, 4 mm. high, 2.5 mm. thick; achene equalling the pappus. . 32. S. salicina. XI. SEMPERVIRENTE Plant without long horizontal stolons: basal rosettes large and conspicuous: leaves gradually much reduced upwards; blades Ho. DIC. -ribbed, not pellucid-punc- tate, not grayish-canescent, thick or fleshy, glabrous on both sides, entire, the midrib prominent, the lateral largely obscure, the veins prominent, the lower petioles 1-3 spreading, the heads unilat nose, small to rather large, 5-9 high : stigmas flattened, longer than wide: achene silky-pubescent, obscurely or obsoletely ribbed, gray, or at maturity blackish, truncate at the apex. 33. S. mexicana. XII. NEMORALE Plants without long horizontal stolons: TD osettes Pau leaf-blades at least partially triple- ribbed : heads small or middle sized, 3-8 m . high, m ally racemose: stigmas triangular- lanceolate flattened ; achene Bede at least above Stem glabrous: branehes of Md glabrous: achene about equalling the pa Cauline leav es abruptly s mallee from near the base of the stem: involucral Brace with med midribs or rib- les involuere narrowly campanulate. 34. S. Gattingeri. Caubne leaves not abr ‘uptly smaller above the base of the st ed M E bracts with conspicuous mid- ribs rolucre eyli 35. S. pinetorum. Stems Gloss: o bran clos of inflore ce pubeseent : achene little more than Ts the length. of the pappus. Upro in es with oblanceola spatulate blades: in- anastomosing beneath; the hairs little pustular. 36. S. nemoralis, : i 7 b blade in Upper leaves with oval, ovate obovate S oluere turbinate, the pedicels strongly bracteolate involucral bra bb ru veins of leaf-blades doi A anastomosing bene ; the hairs strongly pustu 31. S. radula. II. VERNAE Plant with long slender horizontal stolons: basal rosettes conspicuous : blades of the lower leav i Dd e S ovate-cordate blades ; not p. ren not pelluci id- punctate, firm, ate crenate-serrate, the not impre sea AE panieulate, the bee pm naked below, de "E he ads less un lateral: heads small to rather large, 5-8 m p ligules of tho ay Bright. Sellow, conspicuous: style not or but little exs serted : tigmas flattened, triangular: achene somewhat dilated upward, appressed-pubes Leaf-blades tomentose beneath; petioles strongly margined: involucre 4-4.5 mm. high. Leaf-blades oe poem margined above only; in- voluere 5-1 mm. hi ig 39. S. tarda. l V. PETIOLATAE Plant with long slender hori DUST stolons: basal rosettes conspicuous, the leaves mueh the larger: ieee abrupt and very conspicuously reduced upward; blades of the lower leaves with linear e pad 2 all blades firm, glabrous, not triple-ribbed, not pellucid punctate, entire allo wly crenate ser mo oe lateral veins 2 scarcely unc ed inflorese cd spi ike-li ze or wly ni 38. S. verna. brous or nearly so: heads small to rather large, 5-9 m high ; style not or but little exserted: stigmas flattened, triangular: achene ican sparsely vibes scent, Heads numerous to very numerous: involucral bracts thin, except at the midrib, glabrate: blades of the basal leaf linear to oblong-elliptic n i ulate or lanceolate, aoe pid E markedly un He ow terminal Une. and secund at the en oo nal long branches: blades of ine lower gi leaves s shallowly crenate-serrate: ligules of the ray o one, . 40. S. gracillima, Heads in a a thyrse, the lower branches short, leaves entire, or shallowly crenate-serrate ray- -flowers several with conspicuous ligules 41. S. petiolata. s" CARDUACEAE 1349 Heads few (5-15): involucral bracts firm, thickish, strigil- lose: blades of the basal leaf spatulate to oblanceolate, the inner much shorter-petioled than outermo 42. S. pulchra. XV. FLEXICAULES Plant with long slender ULL stolons: bas rosettes wanting or ver inconspicuous : leaf- blades gradually reduced upward, uo a apes not pellucid- punctate, the lateral veins well developed: lower heads illary clusters, the upper spicate ; all small, medium sized or s 'ely rather lare p» m . high: stigmas triangular- lanceolate : achene silky- -pubese n Involueral bracts one-ribbed or essentially so (the lateral ribs wanting or developed towards base only). Stem. a -branches, and involucre glabro ous or S Stem and branches bluish- -gray and more or SS glaucous (before too old), the stem terete, or long a zi ally hd slenderly about 10-ribbed. He DS age Ga MAE an Tue base, firm, 0.5- e 1- A . lo np: involucre $5 tam hi Pel ots -2 43. S. caesia. Leaf. blades ‘cuneate. tapering PE the DE thin, 1.5- 5.5 c Me petioles 1-5 mm. long: i nvolucre 4.4.5 m righ, 2.5 “3.5 mm. wide, 44. S. latissimifolia, Stem and Brandis E not eeu ous, the Strongly angled, usually zig-zag: le af bla des broadly oe 2.5-10 cm. wide, nies than twice as zi long GM vide: achene with ribs concealed by RH ca cen 45. S. flezicaulis. Stem, a en cd! branches, and involucre DE BE part of the thyrse DES like: os 3-4.5 high: stem terete below, not glau 46. S. pubens. Inv olueral "bracts 3-5-ribbed. »" Involucre narrowly campanulate, 3-4.5 mm. high. © 4T. S. Curtisü. In. SD DCEE pal campanulate, 5-6 mm. high. 48. S. lancifolia. XVI. ALTISSIMAE . Plant with long slender horizontal stolons: basal e one or hio inconspicuous: leaf-blades not triple-ribbed, often conspicuously veined: heads mall to rather large e, 3.5-8 mm. high; at least the lower heads ünilaterally a. ic appendages triangular- lanceolate: achene pubescent, not strongly ribbed. Leaf-blades narrowly linear-oblong, linear-lanceolate, or e T te. channeled, with the lateral veins a ns obseure, those of the lower leaves at least d ved- 2 eading or recurved, and more or less twisted l 49. S. tortifolia. Leaf-blades odes neither markedly channeled, recurved- spreading, or d at the base, with the lateral , p) promin eeth or fives Sronely De heute above. 50. S. fistulosa. elliptic i o m ccep developed widely spreading branches. 51. S. dispersa. Heads strongly secund on w idely spreading branches. tem strongly hairy above d IoHDd plants. Leaf-blades not cor rdate, short-petioled, acute volucre cylindric, the pedicel moderately bracteolate 02. S. altissima, Mi -developed leaf-blades shallowly cordate, sile very short-petioled, obtuse or s a n the stem z reely pustular hairs: involucre ‘turbinate-cylindrie, ae pedicel usually very ngly bracteola 53. S. celtidifolia. - Stem glabrous below the E or sparingly Al wet- -ground or damp-ground 1350 CARDUACEAE Leaves somewhat fleshy : involucres nearly cy- lindric, the bracts thick, the outer ovate, the inner with erect tips. 54. S. Elliottii. ipis" 2 fleshy: involueres broadly cam- ulate or cylindric, the bracts thin or chatty, ti the outer lanceolate or ovate- Jance Involucre b fondi y campanulate, 5 mm. high ; bracts thin, but firm, the outer ovate- HERE eolate, acutish, the inner with erect Ips, 55. S. Edisoniana. Involucre cylindrie, 6 mm. high; bracts thin 1 chaffy, the outer lanceolate, acumi- : inne vith inflexed or in- curved tips 56. S. mirabilis, o SEROTINAE Plant with long horizontal stol : basal rosettes wanting or very inconspicu- ous: stem closely leafy, the lea t blades triple- ribbed, usually serrate: heads Lhe small to medium- sized, 2-7 mm. high, unilaterally racemose in our species : stigmas triangular-lanceolate : 'achene pubescent. Branches of the inflorescence glabrous. Branches of the inflorescence pubescen tem E 51. S. glaberrima. S S Eu glabrous (minutely pulverulent): head 4.5-6 m hi igh: 58. S. serotina. Stems Hor. E uid 0-3 puo high: achene about d engi of the us: main stem glabrous or hai 59. S. canadensis. a 3-5 mm, high: achene half n length. e m. )appus :: main Sion conspi sly ha east at the bases of due petioles tae leaf-blades narrowly la ecole or oblanceo- late: stem E below the petioles 60. S. Leaveniworthii. Larger ' leaf- blade nceolate or 'oblong- lanceolate bnc: m Su EO ent all over. Gi. S. hirsutissima, 1. S. glomerata Michx. Stem stout, 3-11 dm. tall, apple a eae ously angled: blades of the basal leaves thin, 8— 15 em. long, 2.5-5 em. wide, ciliate, p lon x: disk orollas 6.5-7.5 m ong. — Cliffs and es 2. S. squarrosa Muhl. Stem stout, 4-15 dm tall, white-pubescent above: ba sal rosettes conspicuous, their leaves with thin but ae blade , the petiole as long or longer: stem- leaves reduced, the lower more sharply serrate, the upper entire or nearly so: ads 10-12 m in nicli- involueral braets lanceola ate, pubescent, acute, all except r with Fani squarrose tips.—Rocky oer and hillsides, various aen s N of Coastal Plain, ‘‘Ga.’’ and N. Car o Ind.. Ont., and N. B.— Sum.-fall. S. Milleriana Mackenzie. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, de elosely short-hispid above, iae towards base: B i e wanting: eaf-blades oblong-oval, the larger mostly 6-8 em. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide, a nd icu: above, sparsely pubescent beneath, a firm, those of the lower leaves shallowly and dpud Dis -serrate, thos of the upper o with entire blades: petioles l- ong: heads 7- bh En hi ap ered. rici, all except the inner with spreading tips. [^*S. petiolaris Ait. M gras ndy pin nelands, acid soils, mostly Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and N. —fal CARDUACEAE 1351 S. Buckleyi T. & G. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, strict, strongly pilose above, leaf- blad r parsely so below: basal pure wanting: es oblong-obovate o din pe ARES, mostly em. long, 2.5-5 em. wide, hispidulous on veins sparingly Er RA below, thin, those of the lower leaves strongly crenate- snl n those of the upper entire or nearly so; petioles 1-5 mm. long: heads 7-8 mm. high: involueral bracts oblong-lanceolate, acute or acutish, his- pidulous and ciliate, the tips of the outer only spreading : achene blackish, te mewhat compressed.—Dry woodlands in limestone regions, Appalac hian Plateau, Ala. to Ill. and Mo.—Sum.-fall. 5. S. E y Stem usually 5-8 ET dm. tall, bora ie leaves with ovate oblong-ovate blades em. g, wide, crenate- Ru eed -pubescent or -hirsute on "n sides; A Y% to T ngth of bl high; involueral bracts oblong, chartaceous, nearly smooth, usually whitish-yellow with the greenish midrib conspi cuously dilated above.—Dry banks, woods and a usually in acid soils, various provinces, Ga. to Mo., Ont., and N. B —Sum fall. S Uu CD £5 Pu un B 6. S. hispida Muhl. Similar to S. bicolor in habit, but with the heads usually slightly larger: involucral bracts narrowly oblon ng, firm, durer se, subherba- eous, Eis ed E with the green midrib obseurely to strongly ilated above.— anks and dry hillsides in limestone soils, Y various prov inces N of Du ch Ga. 3 Ark., Man., and Newf.—Sum.-fall, i S. LPs S rn Stem usually 5-10 (3-13) dm. tall; lower leaves 6-9 em ong, 1.8 n. wide, the blades ear) cat pi essentia ally Vedi on ei UN shallowly erenate: heads 8-1 . high: involuere campanulate: achen column nar, narrowly linear ed n woodlands, acid soils, various Pon Ga. to Mi iss. Wis., and Con 8. S. Porteri Small. Stem 6-14 dm. tall, glabrous below, sparsely pubescent above, short-pubeseent in the in nflorescene ce: leaf-blades oblong- “oblanceolate, 8-18 cm. long, 2.5—4.5 . wide, crenate-serrate, sparsely hairy o e braets oblong; achene linear- clavate, blackish.—Dry Md. Pied- mont of Ga.—Sum.-fall. S. puberula t t. Stem 3-10 dm. tall: basal rosettes conspicuous, their lea af- blades spatulate, 3-10 em. long, 1.5-2.5 em. wide, crenate-serrate, sparsely hispidulous-pube EAE on both sides; petioles as long or longer: involucral racts thin, the midrib obsolete: ligules of the ray rarely white: achene sks green, slightly dilated upward.—Dry open woodlands, acid soils, various pr inces, rs o Miss, Tenn., Que, and P. E. I., most common near the coa n —Sum.—fall. 10. S. pulverulenta Nutt. Stem 4-12 dm. ape lower leaf-blades oblong- bovate or oblanceolate, 3-8 em. long, 1.2-2.5 em. wide, crenate-serrate, the petiole as long or longer: involucral bracts thin, with the midrib obscure: achene somewhat dilated upward.—Dry pi inelands, acid soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Sum.-fall. 11. S. ignium Porter. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, pubescent above and in the in- florescence only, or sparingly loosely pubesce rà basal rosettes e lower Jea f- blades oblong-obovate or obovate, 3-10 cm. long, 2-5 wide, ian oe or serrate, hispidulous above aid pubescent ia: h mostly on the s; petiole usually shorter: en braets glabrou p e linear, obeunt ribbed. [S. montic oe T. & G. not Jor Maz i Polla alleghaniensis House] Dry w oods, in aeid pd Blue Ridge D Appalachian Plateau, *Ga,'* to «Ala, 7? W. Va., and Md.—Sum.—fall. 1352 CARDUACEAE 2. S. Harperi Mackenzie. Stem 10-15 dm. tall: lower leaf-blades oblong- elliptie, 6-12 em. long, -9.5 em. wide, glabrous, ana E above, hg roid 8-12 h: th . j m. wide, its branches hirsutulous: heads 7-9 mm. high: involucral e Pan ciliolate, thickish, firm, not keeled.—Dry ae Coastal Plain and more northern prov- inces, Ga. t o E Tenn.—Fall. conferta Mill. Stem 8-20 dm. tall: lower leaf-blades n -obovate a een 1.2-2.5 dm. long, crenate or crenate-serrate; pet ioles usually somewhat shorter: branches of the thyrse hirsutulous: heads PF mm. high Mu bracts ciliate. [S. age Nutt.]—Dry woodlands, various prov- f Coastal rum N. C. to Okla., Minn. and Mass. and introduced Sper enn ard.—Fal 14. S. rigidiuscula (T. & G.) Porter. Stem 6-12 dm. tall: lower piod rude narrowly lanceolate to iin lanceolate, 5—10 cm. long, entire or etime erenate; petioles short: thyr with Sie branches: heads 6-8 m hi igh: involucral l bracts ciliate —Dry sunny places, various provinces, Ga. to 7 ys Dak., and Minn.—Sum.-fall. 15. S. plumosa Small. Stem 4-10 dm. tall: lower leaf-blades linear- "ibus 4—10 em. long, 7-14 mm. wide, g labrous, sparingly ar serrate a dull- green on both sides: thyrse oblong, 1.5-3 dm. long, 5-10 em. wide, its ou S nearly glabrous: heads 8—10 mm. high: involuere pee re bracts Be veins: igh, in a flat-top m involueral braets la nceolate, a. thin, ciliate, P .—Sunny exposures, high altitudes, Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn —Sum.-fall—A ve ry well marked species. Ned only representative of a most widely distr ibuted group of golden- 17. odora Ait. Stem 5-13 dm. tall: leaf-blades Eu dM or ed es larger 4-16 em. long, 4-16 mm. wide, the margins ciliolat : heads 4-5.5 m high, 2 mm. thick: involucral bracts yellow, glabrous, not exceeded by t pappus at flowering time.—(SWE n ater y acid woodlands, e cially a E elands, various provinces Fla. to T Okla., and Me.—Sum.-fall. —Som erroneously referred to S. MU Pe Sehoepf. which is Re | es Buthamia Pon ons (L. : Nutt Chapmanii T. & G. Stem 2-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-oblong, th 18. S. lanceolate, or oblong-ovate, the eun 3-6 cm. long, 1—1.8 mm. wide, the margins he 6 2-9 m lute, eiliolate: heads 6—7 mm h, 2- . thick: involucral "braets light- rev hig yellowish, glabrous, ciliate, markedly exceeded D the pappus. at flowering time. —Pinelands and sandy dd. Fla. to S. Ga.—Sum.-fal 19. S. ulmifolia Muhl. St em 6-15 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so below in- i Prin ovate or obovate or narrower, the larger 6-14 c . long, 2—4.5 er M fev, e spreading, the longer not Eug des towards base: heads 4-6 mm. high: involucral bracts narrow, acute, Faeries adnan or | oblong- icon achene 1.5 mm. long, s slightly enlar upward.—Dry or dor soil, open woods po tidckets, various provinees, E Coastal Plain, Ga. to , Mi nn. and N. S.—Sum —fa ll. CARDUACEAE 1353 20. S. notabilis Mackenzie. Stem 3-8 E ine o short white-pubese ent: lower leaf-blades ovate or co ina 4—8 em. long, 3-5 em. wide, sharply serrate, elosely hispidulous above, osely s shor t et pos the petiole about length of blade, the b strongly cordate: upper stem-leaves oblong- laneeolate or oblong-ovate, gal ent entire, strongly iu 1, often ab- ruptly contracted below the middle: inner involucral 2 much "the longer, li — Dr narrowly linear, acute [* 5. amplexicaulis Martens.??] — Dry woodlands,. Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, "Fia. to Tex., Ark., al Tenn.—Sum.-fall. 21. S. juncea Ait. Stem 4-15 dm. tall, a: Ec leaf-blades ovate- lanceolate or obovate ieee te, 8-15 cm. lon wide, glabrous, sharply serrate, the upper gradually redu ced: panicle- o flower-bearing to much elow the middle: heads usually strongly secund, 4.5-6 mm. high: involueral braets linear- ob acutish, the midrib eo nspicuous: Belen 5-r ibbed, brownish, Jr short- “pubescent —Dry fields and open woodla fan. various provinces , Ga. ** Mo.?? **Sask."? Que., and N. S.—Sum.—fall. 22. S. Boottii Hook Stem 5 9—15 dm. tall, glabrous eel the inflorescence: 2.5-3.5 c larger leaf-blades of an oval-obovate type, 5-10 e ong, . wide, serrate, thickish, firm: inflorescence- ‘branches widely “spreading, t the lon er ones flower- bearing towards the end only: heads abou gh: involueral bracts thin, linear-oblong, obtuse or acutish: ee 1. mm. a dilated a Dry woodlands, ee provinces, Fla. to Tex., Tenn., and Md.—Sum.-fal S. strigosa Small. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, an ee below a aique E es blades of an oblong-oval type, 10—18 lon vide, hispi ee or ii pun on the veins, m cane p Grice singly se rate: inflorescence-branches sae band spreading, the longer ones flo bee ing above Ts iddle: heads 4.5—5.5 high volueral braets thickish, opine obtuse or acutish: achen sí om Si done pute clavate, con- spicuously Ed .—Dry woodlands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to La., Ark., and SE Mo.—Sun 24. S. yadkinensis (Porter) Small. Stem 5- xd EUR tall, p except i the o : lower leaf-blades ovate, 8—15 em. long, 6- 9 em vide, thiekish, singly s eae, minutely hispidulous, otherwi ise Sp ous; petio ole much short rter than the pe inflorescence ns ascending stiff branches, flower-bearing to the base: heads 7-9 mm. si volucral bracts oblong, obtus chene linear- clavate, ribbed. [S. argut bud tana A. Gray S. Vaseyi Heller] -Woods and low grounds, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Fla. to Ala. and N fall. 25. S. brachyphylla Chapm. Stem 5-13 dm. tall, elosely e pubescent, closely leafy peg eige larger lea. blades oblong- -oval or oval-obovate, 3—7 em. 1.2-2.5 e long, . wide, crenate- Mus branches of inflorescence i VALE n nof ed ‘bearing o n lower ns he ads pane 2 J > e hi s voluere cylindric; bracts oed obtuse, firm: achen ee ong, dilated upward, 8-10-r ibbed. [S. M C. Mohr] Dry merece “Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. Car.—Sum.-fall. . S. arguta Ait. Stem 6-12 EE tall, apis except in the inflorescence: lower leaf-blades ovate, 8-15 em. long, 5-8 e vide, thin, sharply more or less doubly serrate, deep-green above much lig hter. -green beneath, Je as long as the blades or longer: in nflorescence large and loo the branches flower- bearing at the ends: involuere 3-4.5 mm. high, 2-2.5 mm. thick; inner bracts linear-oblong: stigmas WARS iere uic in the disk: achene ains or nearly so; pappus 3—4 mm. long. 2 n dt various provinces, N. C. Alan «< Miss., nr ES yc and Me.—Sum 1354 CARDUACEAE 27. Harrisii Steele. Stem 6-12 dm. i Red except in the florescence: lower leaf- blades ovate, 6—18 em. long, 3- wide, firm, B more or less doubly dai little gcns Pc "Hui above; petioles as long as the blades or longer: inflorescence large and loose, x branches widely spre gee mat er- TE at the tips: involucre 4—6 mm. hi igh, 2.54 m thiek; inner braets oblong-obovate: oe Pa cs exserted, inconspicuous in the disk: achene hairy: P appus 2.5-3.5 mm. long. [S.V yi (Fi. SE. U. S.) J— Dry ue Blu p idge and adj. bee ** Ga «C Ala.?? to Ky. and W. —gur um.— 28. S. uniligulata Gi page Stem ee dm. tall, eid below the in- florescence: leaves us, strongly decreasing in size upwards; blades of the larger ones Duns or oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-3 ES . lon n l3 em. wide, shallowly serrate, firm or thiekish, glabrous: heads ery numerous to few, in a large to small thyrse, the lower MEA hirsute, Rire n usually short, Bond the upper heads closely bunched: heads 6-8 mm. high: involueral bracts oblong, obtuse, with a conspicuous midiib: achene 1. 5-9 mm. long, linear, dilated upw Ru ibbed. Ls: oe T. & G.]—Acid swamps and bogs, various provinces, N. C. to Wis. Newf.—Sum.-fall—A relat e ee S. uliginosa Nutt., was apparently fae ee recorded from N. C. in Fl. SE. U. S. 1194. ustrina Small. Stem 8-15 pet tall, pape weed even in the inflores- cence: ` leaf- a a 6-1 n . lon em. wide, glabrous, firm, ser- rate, tapering t margined pet which is i20 Eun than the blade: thyrse s elongate i ‘branches us -spreading, flower-bearing to base or d : heads 7 -8 mm. high: involucral bracts oblong, acutish or obtuse: ne 2. o mm. long, ribbed .—Swamps, sometimes brackish, Coastal Plain and Piedmont Ga. to Va.—Sum.-fall. . flavovirens Chapm. Stem 5-20 dm. tall glabrous even in the in- florescence: Lis Su tear oblong-ovate or r oblanceolate, 1-2 dm. long, 2-5 ide, glabrous, firm, thickish, crenate-serrate, tapering to a margined ecole which vari ies from much shorter than the blade to ees as long: thyrse narrow, long, bei branches short, spre d flower-bearing to base or he edi S0: ads 7-9 m igh: involucral bracts narrow, acutish: achene 2-2.5 m. long, ribbed Brackish marshes, dun de Florida. 31. S. rigida L. Stem 5-20 dm. tall, stout, Sarai except in inflorescence: lower leaf-blades oblong. ovate, 1.2—2 dm m. long, 5-9 em. wide, firm but not thick, closely crenate-serrate, very rough above es minute retrorse hispid hairs, smooth and glabrous be neath: inflorescence elongate and loose, the bra nches RT -spreading or iic gcn erect, the heads often crowded towards the ends: heads 6- om be ca volucre broa adly campan nu Da oblong, obtuse: achene long, 10-ribbed, sparsely pubes ent. [S. patula £, . Muhl. |] —Swampy “woodland and thickets, various provinces, Ga. to Mo., Ont., and Me.—Sum.—fal 32. S. salicina Ell Stem 6-15 dm. tall, y stout, glabrous, except in the d inflorescence: Nu leaf-l blades oblong-ovate to oblong- es s e, -2 dm long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, thin e stiff, bendi: -serrate or se dull- -green and strongly uat seabrous above, smooth and light- e o th: inflores- cence elongate and narrow, “the heads in few-flowered clusters or short racemes, not at all ad heads mm, e voluere campanulate to narrowly campanulate; bracts linear-oblong, a Em or sish: achene 2.5 mm. long, 2. obscurely ribbed, sparsely a ids grounds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and N. C.—Sum.-fall. S. mexicana L. dm. tall stout, glabrous below the in- florescence: lower leaf blades blong. lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1-2.2 dm. CARDUACEAE 1355 long, 1.2-3 em. wide, obtuse or ec PER -ciliolate, entire: heads 5-7 mn high, in an elongate narrow panie , the branches short: involucral bracts ied rowly oblong-lanceolate 7 13, the ae 9 mm. long, oblong-oval: ng, % length of pappus, not narrowed S0.— 34. S. Gattingeri Chapm. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, smooth and glabrous through- out: lower d des Moe Or narr rowly s spatulate, den shallowly serrate or entire: upper leaf-blades much sm Paper linear-oblanceolate, entire: panicle ie the branches w widely Spreading, g labrous, flower-bearing above the middle: heads 4—5 mm. high: s ois ee thick, narrowly oblong: achene sparingly silky aes —Limestone barrens, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Tex. and Mo eun fall. 9. S. pinetorum Small. Stem 4-11 dm. tall, smooth and glabrous through- out: lower leaf-blades mcus Sed co eronate- serrate above middle: upper leaf-blades smaller, narrower and entir P iele medium-sized, the nehes widely spreading, glabrous: heads 4- 5i high: unm bracts i oblong, the o a at apex: A Su. silky.—Pinewoods, Piedmont, N. C.— 36. S. nemoralis Ait. Stem and res f plant grayish-green, 1-9 dm. tall, erect, E aa or rarely prostrate, ae short- oe ie lower ne blades oblanceolate or spatulate, 4-15 em. long, 1-2.5 ick, nate or crenate-dentate, rough gra ayish- pubescent Em both sides, e Men longer a the blade: upper leaf-blades ler, narrower and entire: medium-sized, jin aqu Ar, Or peu Eras sparingly p teolate: heads very numerous, 3 iom h, 1.5 m hick: involucral bracts rather thin: ree. of the T ray short.—Dry sunny situations, sube ides, banks, open no and especially in een various pro , Fla to Tex., Sask., and N. S.—Sum.—fall.—One of the most widely distributed. and abundant species of Solidago 37. S. radula Nutt. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, erect or ascending, roughly short- a ia iut leaf- blades oblong-obovate, oblanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, 4—8 c ong, 1-2.5 em. wide, firm, rough-hairy on both sides s, not at all hoary, ee. ae eae veined ben eath, nate-dentate, hui shallowly so, a nearly entire: upper leaf-blades modes maller: inflorescence narrow ample, the branches a erect to recurved-spr da ng: heads 4-6 m high: involucral bracts narrow, oe 1s Tigu les of the ray short.—Dry eens ledges, various provinces, N. C., . to Tex., Mo., and Ill.—Sum. -fal ll. . S. verna M. A. Cur Stem 5-9 dm. tall, p pubescent, sometimes almost villous: lower teat bla des 4- 9 em. long, 2-5 wide, tomentose be- neath, hispidulous above, acute, ind) vue. petioles as a as the blades or twice or thrice as long, stro ongly argined: orescence ae lax, the heads conspicuously peduncled: involucre broadly md cie 4—4.5 m igh; bracts linear, acutish: ray-flowers 10-12, the ligules linear- -oblong, bright. -yellow.— Pinelands, Coastal Plain, E N. C. 'and NE S. C.—Spr.—A very local species; rarely collected. 9. S. da m Stem 5-9 dm. tall, ER below um inflorescence: lower leaf. blades 4-9 cm. long, 3—5 em. wide, e, glabrous on both sides dull-green a eeu -green du does pid serrate, aneqsiterity rounded at the base; petioles as long as the blades or up to eas | margined only: i typically somewhat lax, cu con- 1356 CARDUACEAE iod the heads 2. ‘short-peduncled: involuere campanulate, 5-7 mm. high; oblon ray-flowers 8-10, the ligules oblong, bright-yellow.— Pinel al Coastal Plain, oC —Sum.—fall. S. gracillima a & G. Stem 4-10 dm. tall, slender; lower leaf-blades oblanceolate or spatulate, 2-8 em. long, 8-12 mm. wide, du ull-gr reen above, lighter beneath, shallowly ear serrate except near base; petioles equalling or 2-3 times as long as the ee es: | T pare es numerous, much r educed; blades entire r rly so: 1 i i E E 2—5 very long and slender spreading uas with the heads secund o upper third de heads 5-6 mm. high, few-flowered: inv o boc Ea Gone. | ln ray-flowers rm wanting, sometimes solitary: achene linear, short- pubescent, dark-colored.—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, E and Ga.—Sum.-fall.— B ud ted. 41. S. petiolata Mill. Stem 2.5—20 dm. tall, TA gc er leaf ins 6-15 6—2.5 narrowly linear-oblanceolate to lanceolate, c vide, entire or ales ly Tae serrate; petio oles one- fourth as us as the blade to as long: stem-leaves abruptly 1 nuch redue ed, very numerous, en ntire, sessile, appressed or spreading: heads in a strict spike -like thyrse or sometimes the lower branches short spreading and the heads unilateral, 6-7 hi in- voluere turbinate-campanulate; bracts linear, acute, thin, Es eines ray- mcs several; ligules elliptic, conspicuous: achene linear-obeonie, silky, colo [S. stric irgat d go E Chrysopsis and N. J.—(W. I.)— —fall.— Pocsibly B uis more than one eee as Hen ao 42. S. pulchra Small. Stem 2.5-4 dm. tall, dub very slender: s leaf- blades spatulate or oblanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, 8-14 n wide, entire, obtuse, labrous, even the ae eciliate ; petioles AR ned abe TN to three times length of blade: stem-leaves abruptly much reduced, appressed, sessile, most] and 1—2.5 mm. i : e ^2 em. lon voluere campanulat or turbinate-campanulate; bracts obl ong, i acutish, strigil- lose: ray-flowers 5 or 6, the ligules ovate, bright-yellow, 4—5 mm. lon ne linear PDA appressed silky.—Moist sandy soil, Coastal Plain, E: N. aa 43. S. caesia L. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, nup per. terete, with a blu gray glaucous pom which is often obse age: leaf-bla des oblanceolate ei oblong-o olate, or oblo ng-lanceolate ran dm. long, 0.5-3 c wide, glabrous, Samply s ine serrate, firm, lon ng-acuminate, ron dees at base; pes oles 1-2 mm. long: heads 4-6 mm. high: involuere 3.5—4 mm. high, 1.5-2 mm. wide; bae obtuse: achene linear, 10-ribbed T usually dry but sometime es damp soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Wis., Ont., and Sum —Sum.—fall. . S. latissimifolia Mill. Stem 5-13 dm. tall, slender, straight, terete or sometimes obscur ee ML glabrous below, sparingly pubes nt above, with a shght bluish- "gray glaucous bloom: leaf-bla de es broadly T te to obovate, —20 em. long, 1.5-5. 5. em. wide, thin, strongly dE oi sparingly hirsutu- lous, sharply and deeply se rrate, cuneate- -tapering at base; petioles 1-5 mm. long: ood a 5 mm. high: involucre 4-4.5 mm. high, 9. 5-3. 5 mm. wide; braets : achene oblong, enlarged upward. [S. flaccidifolia Small S. asterifoli. Small Dry woodlands, Coastal Plain to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to La.—Sum.—fall. 45. S. flexicaulis L. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, slender, strongly angled, usually zig- zag, glabrous, not glaucous: leaf-blades broadly ovate, rather abruptly acumi- CARDUACEAE 1357 nate, 0.5—1.8 Pd long, 2.5-10 em. wide, thin, very sharply and deeply serrate, glabrous above, sparingly pubeseent beneath, abru uptly narrowed at the base, m n S. Dak., and N. S., and Va.—Sum.-fall. 46. S. pubens M. A. Cu rti s. Stem 4-15 dm. tall, ipud pilose; leaf-blades narrowly oblanceolate to broadly Mum 6-16 . long, 2.5—4.5 em. wide, sharply serrate, thin, hirsutulous above, pi ilose wen on the veins; petioles 1-3 mm. Mn he ads 5-6 mm. high, in short or even long axi Ai raeemes, the lower racemes much M 2Y ia leaves, the upper aggregated and forming a short thyrse: involucre 3—4.5 1. high; bracts hispidulous ee obscurely o at the ben bh lene pee eae -hirsutulous.—Rich woods, Blue Ridge, Ga. to Tenn. and N. Car.—Sum.-fall. 47. S. Curtisii T. & G. Stem 5-14 dm. tall, slender, glabrous below, dd cent ids pa blades ee la to broadly oblanceolate, g- 20 ec long, 1.5 . wide, thin, Mai serrate, glabrous or pui SO, long: RU nate, A uc ga at the ‘bas ; petio Bis. 1-10 mm. long: heads 5-6 mm. high, in axillary clusters or short racemes, all except the peer Miner by eaves, even the uppermost scarcely forming a spike: involucre narrowly campanulate, 3-4.5 mm. high; Gee narrowly oblong, ciliolate, strongly 3—5- ribbed: aehene appressed-hirsutulous—Rich dry soil in open upland pour c A to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., Ky., and Va.— 48. S. lancifolia T. & G. zc 8-15 dm. tall, stoutish or oe glabrous below, sparingly pubescent above: leaf-blades lanceolate , 8-20 em. long, 2-3 em. wide, thin, sharply and deeply e glabrous to very sparingly hirsutulous, Pen acuminate, ddp cuneate- -tapering at th ase; petioles 2-6 mm. qe heads 6.5- 8 m high, in SC axillary racemes, the DIR forming a narr terminal ice se: involuere broadly campanu late, 5— 6 1 high ; bracts BHO obtuse, ciliolate, enn puberulent or hispidulous, pn. 3—9-ribbed: achene appressed- hirsutulous.—Rich woodlands, slopes and summits, Blue Ridge, Ga and N. C.— Sum fall. 49. S. tortifolia Ell. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, closely roughly short-pubescent: leaves very numerous; blades narrowly linear- -oblong, linear-lanceolate, or ob- uda a paler ie 5-8 cm. long, 2.5-6 mm. wide, channeled, those of the lower leaves, at least, recurved-sprea adin ng and slightly twisted at the base, shallowly serrate above uc middle, hispidulous on the midvein and margins, sessile, with rse em d, 3.5 : achene sparsely and minutely pubese ent. eu. ry sandy soil, pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Md.—Su m.-fall or all year S. 50. S. fistulosa Mill. Stem 6-20 dm. tall strongly white-hirsute abov glabrate towards the base: leaves very numerous; blades dione dono di ous Or oblong-oblan o 9-12 em. long, 1.7-2.5 em. wide, sparingly and shallowly t : ; e ve be cent at least on the veins, with the broad base somewhat clasping: pee les 0.5-2 E long, the branehes numerous, spreading, usually flower-bearing nearly to he base: heads 5-7 mm. high, secund, long-peduneled: involucre cylindrie C br m linear-lanceolate, acute, thin: achene pubes S. asperic caulis A. H. Moore]—Moist sunny localities, low pine-lands, per soils, Coastal Plain, La. to Fla. and N. J.—Sum.- fall. 1358 CARDUACEAE . S. dispersa Small. Stem 7-12 dm. tall, glabrous or sparingly wd eds, pope in the inflorescence: lower leaf- blades oblong-oblanceolate, 8—15 e ong, glabrous or sparingly hairy on the wd o y crenate- -serrate, shin m i above, duller beneath, tapering to a margined petiole-like base; upper leaves much reduced: thyrse ‘lo ong and narrow, ie heads little secund, or with a few long n spreading paar flower-bearing towards the end and the heads secund: heads 6 . high: involucre turbinate- ‘eampanulate ; bracts ee i bins achene E pM) obseurely ribbe d.—Low andy open woods, Coastal Plain, Miss. to Tex.—Sum.-fall. 52. S. kama L. ate 3-25 dm. b strongly pubescent above, with the hairs stiff, pustular, glabrate towards the base, closely leafy larger leaf- blades oblanceolate = - oblong -lanceolate, 5-10 em. long, 1.5-2 c i Wide, sharply- serrate, acuminate, thi n, prominently veined and Sacs hairy be- neath, A prs mae viue dm. long, Ed branches few to ae í peduncles moderately bracteolate: s small, 3-4 mm. high: involucre cylin- drie: involueral bracts few, rather thin, the inner pore mostly obtusish: achene appressed-hairy, obseu urely few-ribbed. [S. ru gosa Mil. S. Earlei Small]— "ax. pod and woodlands, dry soil, often very abundant, various provinces, Fla Mo., Ont, and Newf. — Sum.-fall—One of our most abundant and ideo distributed i of Solidago 53. S. celtidifolia Small. Stem 6—20 dm. tall, eel doe re a eria 334 short pubeseent above, glabrate towards bas m-hair y : 1.5-2.5 em. w e sile or very short-petioled, very conspicuously veined especially below, the petiole somewhat glandular: thyrse variable, us aly very large: peduncles usually strongly bracteolate: heads small, 4—5 mm. high, involucre turbinate- cylindric; bracts few, firm, the inner linear, acutish: achene hairy, obscurely few-ribbed.— Wind soil or dry woodlands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and Ga.—Sum.-fal 54. S. Elliottii T. & G. Stem 8-18 dm. tall, pele striate or striate- oe usually simple below the inflorescence: cauline leaves numerous; blades aren or nearly so, 5-10 em. long, acute or slightly ae bluntly serrate, thic glabrous, sometimes scabrous on the margins, somewhat veiny, igne or dese so: thyrse rather crowded, the branches glabrous pd nearly so, with broad, entire or obscurely toothed, acute, foliaceous bracts a mong ihe : secund err peduncles glabrous or nearly so: involucre nearly eylindri c, 5-6 mm. high; bracts thick, the outer ovate, obtuse or acutish, the inner linear or slight tly linear- -spatulate, with D erect tips: ray- -flowers about 8; disk-flowers abou t 4, usually 2 or 3, nad than the ray- -flowers ; achenes very sparingly hispidulous, sharply ribbed.—Damp rich soils, Parris Isla nd, S. C., and doubtless at other points along the SO er Atlantic coast.—Fa 1l. — This species ee to be known only from the original specimen from Parris Island, S. C. Specimens ranging all the way from eastern Georgia to eastern Canada have been errone- ously referred it. 55. S. Edisoniana Mackenzie. Stem 12-50 dm. tall, glabrous below, often sparingly n ne rather pte o idged abo ove, often irregularly branched: cauline leaves very numerou ri rege elliptic, ‘sometime es elliptic- oblanceolate m the lower part of the stem ara eer aa above, 5-17 . long, usually a shallowly a, eae above, pubescen t with sca ae red hairs beneath, finely v Hiper. sessi ile: media e densely flowered, the branches elose 2 fine- pubescent, with rather aA finely toothed and scabro ous- ma d acute bracts among the oad heads: pedu m minutely pubescent: once broadly campanulate, 5 mm. high; up thin but firm, the outer ovate- CARDUACEAE 1359 lanceolate, aeutish, the inner narrowly linear, with obtuse ereet tips; eu a ut = disk-flowers about t 7: achenes sparingly hispidulous, ribbed.— ocks, Ft. Mead, Fla.—Peculiar among our goldenrods of this and the ncn ou, in dn it holds its lower cauline leaves tous. ut the growing season . S. mirabilis Small. bd em 15-30 dm. tall, glabrous, ridged or rather sharply angled, simple or nearly so below the inflore escence: eauline leaves nu- merous; blades pap id ALS varying to elliptie-oblaneeolate or elliptic- lanceolate, 6-15 e ong, a ree sharply serrate, except often the acumi- nate tip, thin, Mi dolens on the veins and veinlets beneath, rather veiny, some- what narrow j se usually ample ads: bracts thin, the outer lanceolate, acuminate, the inner narrowly o with minute, Lure das inflexed or incurved tips: ray-flowers 5-7; disk-flowers 3-5, usually 2 or 3 fewer than the ray-flowers: achene s sparingly hi VR AMA sharply ribbed. lus hammocks, E coast of Fla., N of Cape Canaveral.—Sum.-fall. S. glaberrima Martens. Stem 5-15 dm. tall, e dd slender, very na middle leaf- blades era ieee 5—10 em. long, 6-12 mm. wide firm, rigid, thiekish, aeute or acuminate, sessile, narrowed and long-tapering at Or i | wer : he bran usually spreading or recurved, sometimes erect, glabrous: heads usually secun nd, 6 mm. high: involucral bracts een, oblong, obtuse: achene silky. «Cg. missouriensis Nutt. 75er open places, prairies, and barrens, calcareous dis- tricts, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tex. to Minn. and Tenn.—Sum.- fall. 58. S. dis ina Ret 6-25 dm ta, rid glabrous below in- 6-12 e ong, dt M hore ADS tapering at the pons sharply ae as Eris throughout, or hairy on the 1 in pes large, the branches spreading or recurved, hairy: 2 ads . high, secund: involuere campanulate; bracts narrowly linear, M achene e sparsely silky, [S. gigantea Ait. ae thickets and ende Ens provi , Fla. to Tex., Ore and N. B.—Sum all.—One ‘of our most widely ea species of ae 59. S. canadensis L. Stem 5-20 dm. tall, Jeet glabrous or pubescent below, strigillose n. and en ose in inflorescence, closely-leafy : larger leaf- bla des ine ate M . long, mm. firm, sharply pira sharply remotely shallowly serrate, glabrous or. pu- bescent, deep-green abo pe petioles 3-15 mm. a s thyrse large, the branches spreading or b du heads 3.5—4 mm. high, secund: involuere Il -cam- panulate; inner bracts narrowly lanceolate, iue thiekish: achene appressed- pubescent. "[S. e T a —Rocky anks, various provinces ae os Coastal Plain, S. C. to N. Dak., and Newf.—Sum.-fall—As here treated the T includes rer varying "widely in pubescence, but all ae on small eads. 60. S. Leavenworthii T. & G. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, glabrate iden, the base, pubescent above in lines below the pem les, closely s short-pubescent in the in- florescence, closely leafy: larger leaf-blades san rowly silence. or lanceolate 8) m i some g, ypically about 8 ide, triple-ribbed, b - times in be lateral veins little developed, joe uminate, sessile, sharply ser- rate or er e-serrate or nearly entire, short-hispidulous on the midvein above, otherwise pruden dull-green above: thyrse large, the branches widely spread- 1360 CARDUACEAE ing, flower- cans nearly to the base: heads 5-6 mm. high, secund: involueral bracts linear, thickish: achene minutely appear. pubescent. [S. Nashii Small]—Damp soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. Car.—Sum.-fall. 61. S. hirsutissima Mill Stem 8-30 dm. tall stout, closely hirsute or ` pubescent, closely-leafy, much-branched above: larger le leaf-blades ccna i oblong-lanceolate, 4-10 em. long, 8-15 mm. wide, st ird BM ac or aeuminate, hirsutulous above, pubescent also beneath, sharply but not closely serrate, dup or dires nis large, the Ee widely spreading, not flower-bearing at the base: heads 4.5—6 mm. high, secund: involueral bracts nar- T rowly E acute or obtusis. achene appressed: hairy. ‘S. canadensis ( SE. U. S.). ''S. da di a —Dry sunny places, fields, woodlands, and banks, various provin Fla T. aad Me — Sum.-fall—One of our most widely distributed, nine me variable Jed of Solidago. As here treated both it and S. canadensis are probably aggregate 31. BUTHAMIA Nutt. Perennial, herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate: blades elongate, herbaceous. Heads many, in corymbs. Involuere narrow, few- several-flowered: bracts various, the outer ones linear or nearly so. ay-flowers more numerous than those of the disk: corolla yellow, with a slender tube and a Mh smallligule. Disk- bee with a funnelform throat, and tube of about equal l : lobes lanceola Anthers as long as the filaments or longer. Stigmas Sb Pappus of prec bristles.—About 10 species, North American. Leaf-blades manifestly 3—5-ribbed: ray-flowers 15-20. 1. E. graminifolia. Leaf-blades 1-ribbed: ray-flowers 5—12. Leaf-blades co Be over 3 mm. wide: disk-flowers 3 or 4, the corollas 5-5. ng. 2. E. leptocephala. Leaf-blades mostly | less S EA a wide: disk-flowers 5 or 6, the corollas 3-3.5 mm 3. E. minor. 1. E. graminifolia rr, Nutt. Plant 13-14 dm. tall: ager blades linear, mainly over 4 inm. wide: heads in dense clusters: involucre campanula , the inner bracts 3.5—4 a. long: achene pubes- cent.—H provinees, Fla. to Miss., Sask., L sum.—fall. ate 2. E. leptocephala (T. & G.) G Plant 4-11 cm. tall: leaf-blades linear, mostly mm. wide: involuere turbi- nate, the inner bra 0-6 m g: fila- — Plain and adj. e cE Miss. to and Mo.—Sum.-fal 3. E. minor (Michx.) Greene. Plant 2 leaf-blades narrowly linear or y tha mm. wide: involucre cylindric to turbinate-cylindric, the inner bracts 4.5-5.5 mm. long.—Moist sandy soil and low- -pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—Sum.—fall, or all year 32. OLIGONEURON Small. Perennial herbs, pubescent at least in the inflorescence. Leaves alternate: blades entire or nearly so. Heads in a ter- minal corymb. Involucre campanulate, met flowered: bracts broad, rounded at the apex, the inner ids longer than the outer. Ray-flowers few: corollas CARDUACEAE 1361 with a very long tube and a yellow ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnelform throat and a shorter mis i. lanceolate. Filaments nearly as long as the anthers or longer. Stigmas elliptic or ovate-elliptic. Achene stout, glabrous ribbed. Pappus of many apie bristles.—About 6 species, North American.— Sum.-fall Involucre over 5 mm. thick: achene about 3 mm. long. O. grandiflorus. Involucre less than 5 mm. thick: achene about 2 aa long. . O. Jacksonii. 1. O.grandiflorus (Raf.) Small. Stem 4-15 dm. tall, rough-pubescent: leaf-blades thick, those of the upper stem-leaves’ rp to ovate, 2-13 em. long, closely pubescent, pd toothed or essentially bra of the involucre dp, T outer e: disk-corollas 5.5—6.5 ioe. achene ils -ribbed. [Solidago rigida authors not L.].—Dry sandy soil and gravelly ba EM various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to "Tex., Man., and Md., and E nA Mass. Nat. of W N. A. —F all. O. Jacksonii (Kuntze) Small. Stem 3- tall, glabrous or nearly so below: ose 0 e ry banks and stony soil, Appalachian. Plateau and adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala. . and Ohio | 33. BRACHYCHAETA T..& G. Perennial herbs, resembling species of Solidago. Leaves alternate: blades broad, toothed. Heads numerous, thyrsoid. Involuere narrow, few-flowered: braets va- rious, the outer ones broad, fee inner longer ' and seguir narrower. Ray-flowers few: corollas with a very slender tube an mall yellow ligule, Disk-corollas with a ae throat and a tube nearly as long as the throat: lobes triangular-lanceo- £o late. che like bristles shorter than the achene.—One species. l. B. sphacelata (Raf.) Britton. 6-15 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades orbicular- aie P e on uni s part of ii stem, ovate to oval or elliptic above: involuc 4 mm. long. dat — (FALSE GOLDENROD.)—Woods, m pui N of on Plain, Ga. to Ala., Ind., and S. Va.—Sum.-fall. 34. ASTRANTHIUM Nutt. Annual or perennial, caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades commonly broadened upward, entire or toothed. 86 1362 CARDUACEAE Heads solitary or several termi EN pa branches. Involucre Bari campanulate hemispheric, Lom od braets in 2 or 3 series, rather broad. Ray-flowers numerous: corollas with a very short tube and a white, pink, purple, or violet ligule. Disk-corollas f wanting or obsolete—About Mexico and SC. United States. <> on 1. A. int p nep. (Michx.) Nutt. 0.5—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades arua to d 1-4 us pud pde braets of the involucre E -lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long, or 4 mm. long at maturity: ligules of the ray pale-purple or pale- -violet, 6—14 mm. long. m Bor uri folia Michx, E: — (DAI —Low gro d arious provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Ark "s Ky. —Spr.-su 35. APHANOSTEPHUS DC. Annual or bienni al, or probably peren- nial M ringly branched, aster-like herbs. Leaves alternate: blades narrow, of them ur or pinnatifid. Heads iin) head branches. Involuere hemi- spheric, y-flowered: bracts in few series, rather narrow. picis several: corol- las with a very short tube and a narrow white, violet, Or purple li gu a Disk-corollas e longer than the filaments. Stigmas obtuse. Achene ribbed. Pappus an entire, toothed, or ciliate erown.—About 5 species, North merican . A. skirrobasis (DC.) Trelease. dips 1—4 dm. tall, einerous-pubescent: leaf-bla spatulate to 'elliptie or linear, 1.5—6 cm. qud alid toothed or ineised below: arger bracts of the involu uere m m . long, acuminate au TE-DAISY.)— Dry at various provinces, Tex. o Kans.; also Fi la.—Spr.-s 36. BOLTONIA L'?Her. Perennial tall, aster-like herbs. Leaves alter- nate: blades entire, sessile or deeurrent. Heads many, hei Risus In- voluere broadly eampanulate to hemispherie, many-flowered: s narrow or sometimes partly dilated. Ray-flowers often numerous: aia: an a short tube and narrow ligules. Disk-corollas with a narrowly funnelform throat and o be: lobes triangular. Antħers as long as the filaments or longer. Achene flattened, broadest above the middle, the margins sometimes winged. appus a series of short scales usually aecompanied by 2—4 bristles —About 5 species, North American. CARDUACEAE 1363 m about 4—5 mm. broad at maturity: corolla-tube very short. 1. B. diffusa. isk 7—12 um prose at maturity: corolla-tube nearly as long as the thro 2. B. asteroides. B. diffusa Ell. Plant pn m. tall: blades of the upper leaves linear to linear- subulate , 4.9-8 em. long: outer D "e the involucre subulate, about 1.5 mm. long, the inner linear, ds ut twic ong: pur 5-7 m ong, white disk ac rene about mm. wide: corolla 1-1 m. long, the throat 2—3 times longer than the tub (DoLL’s-DAIsy.) — Low grounds, Coastal ] Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ill, and S. C.—(Mez.)—Fall. . B. asteroides (L.) L'Her. Plant 1-2 m. tall: blades pa the upper leaves oblong to Sd 3-12 long: outer braets of the voluere ne lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, the inner a ped bap is ligules linear, pos Or ong: disk 7— ale corolla about E mm. long, the TER Kad as long as the tube: achene about 2 mm. long.—Stream-banks, and sandy or gravelly shores, various provinces, Fla. to La., Minn., and Co nn.—Sum.-f ll. 37. SERICOCARPUS Nees. Perennial low, aster-like herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire or toothed. Heads in eorymbs. Involucre campanu- late to cylindric, several-flowered: bracts broad, or the inner ones sometimes rather narrow. Ray-flowers several: corollas with a long tube and a narrow, white or pink ligule. Disk-corollas with a narrowly funnelform throat and a long tube: lobes lane es Anthers slightly longer than the filaments or shorter: appendages lanceolate. Achene flattened, 1-nerved. Pappus o numerous seabrous ROM dod speeies as follows.—W HITE-TOPPED ASTERS. RAGGED-ASTERS. Leaf-blades entir Foliage glabr aie or nearly so. 1. S. linifolius. Fo poo o pr pubescent. Bra of the involucre obtuse, firm : peduncles rigid, "Stout. 2. S. bifoliatus. acts of the involucre acute, lax: peduncles weak, lender. 3. S. acutisquamosus. Leaf-blades toothed. . S. asteroides. l. S. Munere (L.) B.S.P. idR diede or nearly so, 2-7 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves linear, 2-6 e ong: d ere 4—6 mm AM inner bracts alae bios at the green "tips: disk- corolla ong: ligu ules 5— mm. Ma depre wh whitish, [S. solidagin Nees.] — Acid, sandy thickets and dry oe) various pro- vinees, Ga. to La., Ohio, and Me.—Sum.—fall. 2. S. bifoliatus (Walt.) Porter. Stem 3-7 dm. tall: blades = the upper ake spatu- te to ME. ate, 1-3 ce voluere out 6 mm. hi igh; inner bracts iu -ellip- um disk- Mes. over 6.5 mm. long: Nees.] rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and Va.— Sum.—fall or all year southward. 1364 CARDUACEAE 3. S. acutisquamosus (Nash) Small. ped UE S. bifoliatus in habit: blades of the upper leaves elliptie- E 1-3.5 : involucre longer than that of S. bifoliatus; inner bracts linear: Jisk- stp less than 6.5 mm. lon anthers shorter than the E n —Pinelands, Fla.—Sum . S. asteroides (L.) B.S.P. Stem pubescent, 3- i pis tall: blades of the upper leaves ovate, elliptie-ovate, or lanceolate, 1.5 ong: involucre 6-9 g; inner TO i mm. ] ; bracts broadl LE rough dor) e disk-corollas 5-6 m. an Pd whitish, 6-8 m ppus brownish. [S. conyzoides Nees. |— r sandy, us ually ary, woods and thickets, various ae, Fla. to m "Ohio and Me.—Sum 38. ASTER [Tourn.] L.I Perennial herbs, various in habit, or rar a nua l, occasionally shrubby or spinescent. Leaves e blades broad o 0 ] often horizontal and bearing for several years a subterminal tuft o Lower, middle and upper cauline leaves often gradually transitional to each other in form, often of dissimilar types. Heads with bo th tubular and radiate flowers, either corymbed d ul , racemed, or panicled and borne on erect, spreading or secund ultimate branchlets. Involuere hemispheric, campanulate, cylindric, shorter than the inner at or toward the a eceptacle flat or convex, alveolate and often ay fimbrillate. Ray i pistillate, with white, pink, purple, blue, or violet ligules. Disk-flowers aie consisting of a tubular base (the tube), swollen above into a throat and 5 short lobes: disks -o ddl usually e to red, brown, or purple. pl nes attened ipi Or Pappus-bristles usually numerous, un in one series or rarely in two series, the tips of the inner ones sometimes thickened.—A bout 250 species, mostly North American.—ASTERS. columnar o upper cauline jns Tor perioled or an sessile or o GaS pine Blades of the leaves petiole sessile, not clas igules of the ray white or occasionally ro i tho f the anes foliage (except in A. mirabilis) glandular. Radical leaves with blades smaller than those of the eauline: foliage not glandular. III. HETEROPHXLLI. po of the upper cauline leaves sessile and cordate asping. No leaves | at once with cordate and definitely petioled l Blades, at least of the lower leaves abruptly narrowed or constricted below the middle, the Bg ee II. MACROPHYLLI. IV. DIVERSIFOLII Plant herbaceous, neither woody nor vi V. PUNICEI. lant a woody, QI or climbing vi VI. CAROLINIANI. Blades a the leaves not abruptly nar stricted below the middle, either clasping, sessile or urs -petiole Blades of the cauline Ee with cordate or auricu- late-clasping bas Chief pr Bes rigid, closely appressed unless at ey EU Stem ER bro below the inflorescence ie usse cut in No. 40): leaves sleek or subsucculent. VII. LAEVES. "hes treatment of the late Edward Sandford Burgess, revised in part for vm hii work by Edward Johnston Alexander CARDUACEAE Stem and leaves pubescent with ond oo eer involucral bracts thin, loosely appressed nd at least the upper half spreading, Blades DE the cauline leaves ee narrowed or nded at the base, bu lasping. Dene es not fleshy or a poc and lower cauline leaves nop grass-like. in o Leaf-blades silky or canescent 'on both sides, short, entire or nearly so. Leaf-blades glabrous or pubescent, but not silky or canescent. Blades of the basal narnia nar- rowed to winged petio Ane of the leaf- blades petioled. n not arranged uni- Jaterally on s Me ue oo a acute in Plants relatively tall, spreading ee ae nif- erous rootsto Plants s relatively d Io: not bracts with obtus- ish or merely acute tips. Involucral bracts very ob- tuse, au -pointed. Inflorescence uch branched, but the Beads in unilaterally race mo arran EE in term MU. " ümbelliké Leaf- blades Ds My entire, linear-lance- olate Leaf- blades coarsely toothed, broadly ae n to broadly elliptic e, acu- na Basal and lower cauline leaves grass-like. Leaf-bla Re entire or sparingly hack-ser- rate ove. Leaf-blades with eral spinuliform eeth, cig aya Ne nnt E base. Leaves o or succulent. Stem solitary, NA its base not woody : nt unarmed. Plant perennial: heads mostly over 12 vide. Plant . 2uno ds heads less than 10 mm. Stems rush-li ke, several from a woody base: plant spine-armed. . DIVARICATI Dominant leaves with long-acuminate blades, the teeth very sharp: inflorescence broadly corymbose Blades of the dominant leaves incurved- acuminate, the teeth very salient, curving bud im sd of the dominant leaves me ate- lanceolate, those of the upper axile leaves short or not exeun prolonged. Blades of the omnt Jeaves more elliptic, larger, E. er, those of the upper axiles or some of them reatly prolonge Blades "of the domine leaves straight- acuminate, the teeth straight-backed. Dominant leaves not c c nae Inflorescence-clusters convex. Sinus (of cordated ee deep, enlarged: leaf- blades aa lanceolate, curvescent- serrate: disk often crims N VIII. "A pad XIII. EN v xs 1365 PATENTES. . SQUARROSI. . SERICEI. . SPECTABILES. . PANICULATI. RAMOSISSIMI. . DUMOSI. . MULTIFLORI. 7I. DIFFUSI. . PTARMICOIDES. . ACUMINATI. . PALUDOSI. . ERYNGIIFOLII. . TENUIFOLII. . SUBULATI. . SPINOSI. . divaricatus. . tenebrosus. 9. A. stilettiformis. excavatus. 1366 CARDUACEAE Sinus usually absent: leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate, slit-serrate: disk often chestnut color. Inflorescence narrow, irregular or scant. Involucral bracts very os bon short, seale-like. Involucral bracts narrow Leaf-sinus oe ieee "'eaf-blades chiefly elli iptic- acum Leaf-sinus arp. leaf-blades ovate-acute. II. MACROPHYLLI Plant not very rough : ce not very thick: glandu- a ai r Blades of the lower ieaves serrate; sinus deep, narrow. Blades of ui: lower leaves coarse ely dentate ; CU shal- low Plant eens rough: leaf-blades very thick: glands broadly capitate. Leaf-sinus strongly developed: involucral bracts neither Squarrose nor slender. Sinus usually absent: involucral bracts squarrose. Bracts acute. Bracts obtuse. III. HETEROPHYLLI Leaf-blades entire or chiefly so, thick or firm. In volucre broadly campanulate : bracts mainly linear, thin: leaf-blades dull and scabrous above fnvolucre cylindric-campanulate; bracts mattis linear- su DUE rigid: leaf-blades lustrous and smooth abov Leaf-blades serrate or otherwise toothed, at least the lower ones. id not Songa; or not rough on both sides, ranou a ces Bracks PORC M or obtusish (acute in a variety of No. 17). eae with o firm blades and the chief D winged; inflorescence loosely narrow- pa Leaves with thin blades rough above and the chief Deol not winged: inflorescence broad pan Involucral carver linear-acute ius pans late, Le T e downy-pubesce r glabro 6—15 dm. high: blades of the Chief leaves nA lan ceolate, thin, the sinus open : heads mpound-raceme Plant about 3 dm. hig : blades of the chief eaves falcate- lanceolate, the sinus obso- lescent: 1 thyrsoi af-blades canescent or hispid above, velvety- ispidulous Bion hi Leaf-blades rough on both sides, of a spongy crumbling Blades of the chief leaves elliptic-lanceolate, shallow-serrate. Blades of the chief leaves grass-like. IV. DIVERSIFOLI Hom leaf-forms present, no one type YT dominant, E p delicate, pubescent beneath, rough when dry: inflorescence broad, pois gently compound. m with little hair: inflores- Some dominant leaf-fo d Dres nt. Blades mus the dominant orm broad, not greatly ongate. Blades of the dominant leaves tomentulose beneath, ovate-elliptic, thick and rough, diminutive Blades of the dominant leaves sparse pubescent ben Blades of the dominant leaves elongate. Blades of the dominant leaves triangular-attenuate. Slender plant: leaf-blades chiefly petioled and clasping. wn 11. 13. 19. 20. 22. ba. M Á. A. . Å. A. . A. A. A. . castaneus. . chlorolepis. . Boykinii. flexilis. . multiformis. . riciniatus. macrophyllus. commiztus. mirabilis. . Shortii. Camptosorus. . Lowrieanus. cordifolius. sagittifolius. plumarius. trigonicus. azureus. poaceus. undulatus. Proteus. . asperifolius. . sylvestris. truellius. CARDUACEAE 1367 Robust plant, when fully developed: leaf-blades chiefly sessile. eri bases broad: leaf-axils Lu foliose. 28. A. corrigiatus. Leaf-bases narrow : leaves very rough. 29. A. triangularis. Blades of. m dominant leaves not cdanb api Blades of the dominant leaves ovate-elliptic to lanea area ate. Leaf-blades firm, crisp: stem bearing stalked E | inflorescence aes narrow, vate in outlin 30. A. claviger. Lent: WEM thinnish : Dlani without glands: inflorescence somewhat thyrsoid. 31. A. gracilescens. Blades of e dominant leaves linear-elliptic ht sides. Leaf-blades soft, thinnish, many with long stra 2D Feed petioles: inflorescence usually race 32. A. linguiformis. Leaf-blades very rough, thick, usually ses- sile: me decompou nd. Plant not Penau ular: leaves preme -shaped or thong-li 33. A. loriformis. ud somewhat glandular: leaves grass- lik 34. A. Mohrii. V. PUNICEI Leaf-blades entire. 35. A. puniceus. Leaf-blades sharpiy serrate (except the basal and lower cauline of No. 36). RRO Ree irregularly, congested or corymbed : pubes- ofte UD dunes little Cn sping: bracts of the AREE with linear-elliptic or emn sabalatë ti 36. A. Elliottii. Upper leaves sheathing the axils: bracts of the in- s voluere with deltoid tips. 37. A. conduplicatus. mo bro adiy panicled, diffuse, leafy: heads at mote. Leaves contracted into a broad petiolar portion : hair . present in lines on the upper stem. 38. A. prenanthoides. Leaves n nearly straight sides, little constricted Tubercular- based hair seattered A the stem. 35. A. puniceus. No tubercular-based hair on the = 68. A. novi-belgii. VI. CAROLINIANI A woody vine with trailing or climbing stems and branches, l flowering the year round. 39. A. carolinianus. VII. LAEVES Involucre campanulate, Leaves glabrous except the edges. Inv olueral ds ecu. linear with broad rhomboid ips. Cauline leaf- blades elliptic, ep or ovate: inflorescence tending to the racem e panicle, 40. A. laevis. Cauline leaf-blades linear to cloncatlanceoln de inflo Oresconce tending to the corymbose panicle, 41. A. concinnus. Involueral rece linear, their green tips narrowly Cauline leaves linear or narrowly a RAM 42. A. purpuratus. Cauline leaves very narrowly linear: heads mall. 43. A. attenuatus. Leaves glabrous above, often with minute hair beneath. Leaf-blades entire, short, elliptic, remote. 44. A. ursinus. eaf-blades often coarsely toothed, prolonged, linear In 45. A. falcidens. Involucre turbinate: leaf-blades scarcely clasping. 46. A. turbinellus. VIII. PATENTES Stem low: leaves rough: inflorescence bro Tüvolucre turbinate-campanulate or turbin Heads 3—4 cm. broad, few and sca ttered : ueoiical bracts pubescent, thi Leaf-blades thinnish: heads 6-8 m high. 4T. A. continuus. Leaf-blades very "s ck : heads 10-12 à mm. high. 48. A. georgianus. Heads about 2 em. oad, numerous, crowded : in- volueral bracts merely ciliate, thin 49. A. fontinalis. 1368 CARDUACEAE Involucre campanulate ; Braets linear- elliptic : branches divaricate. Bracts narrow-linear or linear: branches diffuse. ied e leaves soft pubescent beneath: inflorescence IX. SQUARROSI Heads less than 2.5 cm. broad. Stem d set with small scale-like leaves: involucral racts but slightly spreading. Doro erect and adnate to the stem and its aves more or less reflexed, not adnate to the stem. Cauline leaves not markedly, ‘if at all he a not closely oo ae ert bracts very squ Heads over 2.5 € m widely branched : stem leaves reflexed, not e, very tone co pact: stem-leaves not reflexed, elon- e Leaves soft-pubescent: y clasping: plant little 2n below the IBHorG ence Leaves not soft-pubescent : but slightly clasping: p ant much branched. nee rigid: wc lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, Stem weak: leaves Cyne like, narrowly linear. X. SERICEI Heads corymbose-paniculate: outer bracts of the involucre noe ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate: achene glabrous. Heads virgately racemed: bracts linear-elliptic to linear- eaves an elliptic or narrowly elliptic ades Cauline leaves with linear-elliptic to linear-lanceo- late blades. Involucral bracts loosely spreading or recurved. XI. SPECTABILES Upper cauline leaves with broad, chiefly ovate, blades. UDDEL T leaves with narrow, narrowly elliptic, vary- ng oblanceolate, lanceola te, or linear blades. Involucre he hemispheric, campanulate, or turbinate-hemi- Tips of the involucral bracts foliaceou Tips a the involucral bracts neris = preaaine or arrose. Practis of the involucre glandular. Involucral bracts pe HAUS or obtuse: cau- line leaves numerous, m “bracts. ta tao dine to acutish tips: caulin Bracts of the ee ‘glabrous or merely ciliate. Involueral bracts mucronate. Involucral bracts acute. p mA igid: leaves narrowly elliptic-lance- stem pe leaves narrowly linear. Involucre nai ols turbinate. XII. PANICULATI Heads over 16 mm. broad. Ligules of the ray woe eae um pink or purplish. Leaves glabrous or Leaves and stem pubescent. Ligules of the ray "ith, eni or viole ip inflorescence crow Rameal i Uu narrowly linear to subulate blades: inflorescence widely branched, the heads usually solitar Bracts of the eae obtuse. Bracts of the involucre acute. 50. 51, . A. phlogifolius. 58. 99. 60. Q 4. A. patens. A. tenuicaulis. A. adnatus. 3. . A. Walteri. . A. oblongifolius. . A. grandiflorus. . A. novae-angliae. A. novi- oe A. elodes A. sericeus, . A. concolor. . A. simulatus. . A. plumosus. A. Curtisii. . A. Smallii. . A. spectabilis. . A. surculosus. . A. novi-belgii. . A. elodes A. gr acilis. . Å. Lamarckianus. . A. missouriensis. . A. salicifolius. . A. turbinellus. . A. Simmondsii. CARDUACEAE Heads less than 16 mm. broad. Ligules of the ray ene often fading pink or ee Cauline leaves with oval or elliptic blades Cauline leaves with narrow blades Heads abundant, closely panicled: Heads remotely panicled or sparse. Ligules of this ray lavender or violet. XIII. RAMOSISSIMI Ligules of uu ray pur sometimes becoming purplish. Heads numero 8-15 mm. broa Upper cauline leaves with linear-subulate blades: r us S wi ear to BOY ellip- more or Is s ae m div aricate, rigid, D OOREEN: rameals sub- Branches often upturned or subcorymbose: rameals flat, linear. Ligules of the ray violet, purple or reddish (rarely white). XIV. Dv up deos leaves merely firm: most peduncles oec over 3 em. Hed leaves rigid, very conspicuous but minute: pe- duncles often 10 cm. or more long. Mir im leaves spreading or somewhat recurved: blades obtuse. ee leaves erect and usually appressed; blades acute. MULTIFLORI XV. A much branched low-growing plant, with very numerous. white-liguled heads of flowers. XVI. Dir Cauline leaves with linear to linear-laneeolate, pM min- utely hack-toothed blades Tuvolucral bracts very Short not exceeding the achenes. Involucral En exceeding the achenes Plant sparsely branched, and with Te ew heads. Plant profusely branched : heads very numerous. Cauline leaves with elliptic E lanceolate, more or entate or serrulate bl Stem and branches sparingly pubescent or glabrate. Stem and branches villous, as also the midrib of the leaf-blades beneath. Jess XVII. PTARMICOIDE Plant with narrow, ae leaf-blades and a ie -topped ; corymbose inflorescenc V ACUMIN Gregarious plant with thin, deeply toothed UAM ap- pearing as if whorled, and a somewhat corymbose-pan- iculate inflorescence. XIX. PAL Involucral bracts long-ciliate and pubescent: branches densely pubescent. Involucral bracts glabrous, the margins merely scabrose- a a inflorescence- -branches sparingly pubescent if at a Outer involucral bracts linear to narrowly elliptic but TA acuminate: leaf-blades linear to narrowly el- Plant from a a woody, corm-like rootstock, not stolon- iferous Outer involucral bracts. usually longer n at least as long as the inner Braces pigagare linear- m ‘only, e innermost abruptly acute: bracts Outer involucr al. Da a shorter than the in n all bracts fev. the outermost ab- acts rupt Plant from a E COIQ nite sous S, r woody rootstock. Outer involucral bracts Hasronls linear-acuminate : leaf-Dlades nearly filiform from a triangular LUDOSI inflorescence- l 80. 81. 94. A. euo psp m = . Az . A. 1369. spatelliformis. descanti. agrostifolius. pinifolius. ramosissimus. pilosus. juniperinus. Fazoni. Priceae. dumosus. . coridifolius. . gracilipes. . ericoides. brachypholis. racemosus. vimineus. . lateriflorus. . hirsuticaulis. . ptarmicoides. acuminatus. paludosus. pedionomus. Cee misphericus. verutifolius. 1370 CARDUACEAE XX. ERYNGIIFOLII Heads sessile and subremote in the upper axils. 98. A. spinulosus. Heads terminal, solitary or clustered. 99. A. eryngiifolius. XXI. TENUIFOLII Ligules of the ray 5-7 mm. long: heads 4—6 mm. high. 100. A. Bracei. Ligules of the ray 10—20 mm. long: heads 6-8 mm, high. Involucral bracts broad: ligules of the ray violet: . leaves chiefly basal. 101. A. Chapmani. me bracts linear: ligules of the ray pale-violet "NM r nearly white: leaves scattered. 102. A. tenuifolius. X . SUBULATI Involucre campanulate to broadly bun. Inner bracts of the involucre 5—6 m . long, acuminate : . rays fewer than the disk flowers. 103. A. exilis. Inner bracts of the involucre 3— 5 mm. long, acute or Short acuminate: rays more numerous than the disk- flower 04. A. inconspicuus. Involucre cylindric to narrowly turbinate. 105. A. subulatus. XIII A rush-like, much branched plant with scattered, white- : rayed heads of flo owers, the stem and branches a a 106. A. spinosus. A. divaricatus L. Stems tufted, 4-6 dm 1, flexuous, brittle, terete, giabrate: leaf, blades thin, smoothish, pat pK ovate- Hd elosely arp eeth, e sa u ME ately large, broad and deep: leaves of the infloresence D c E d ovate-aeute to short-oval, nearly orymb green spot: dis ddish b = 2 Rich woodlands and bap a rather dry ` soil, various provinces, Ga. to Ala., Man., and N. S.—Fall. 2. A. tenebrosus Burgess. Stem glabrate, striate, wide-branched: leaf- blades A very thin and smooth, broadly elliptie and a cut with coarse re acuminate curvescent teeth, then abruptly long-acuminate and entire; Eon Teaves with a broad rounded sinus and slender petiole; is of the in nflorescence prolonged, lanee B e onim and sessile: inflorescence broadly - 2 mbose, oft e prolifero E branched: rays usually 9—12: disk pale-yellow, ing pu rplish-brown: ou bracts green, acute, elongate-triangular, the ae linear, obtusish. ae ree places, Blue Ridge and more N prov- inces, N. C. to Ohio and Mass.—Late —fall.—Resembles A. divaricatus, but rm in being ieee and thinner in all its parts, and in having a different Teaf- for = fe M pile idus Burgess. Stem greenish, slender, weak and often e elliptic e long-acuminate, with jode base and short petioles, and closely set with conspicuous sharp s traight- -backed tooth some lower leaves broader, ovate-acuminate with mode ie sinus and with double- curved o or couch- ant teeth; axile leaves divaricate, straight-tapere Es a sessile truncate base, everywhere closely slit-toothed, suggesting a barbed stiletto: Hii ne CARDUACEAE 1371 dpa d but with short pedicels: braets lingual, — uniform, green often 7; li mostly so: rays en igules sometimes reddening at the tips: disk turning brownish- ie 1.—Shaded banks, Blue Ridge and more N provinees, S. C. and Mass.—Fall.—Differs from A. divaricatus, especially in stem, pe fon and br un 4. A. excavatus Burgess. n A. divaricatus L.: leaf-blades thin, smooth, all iden alike, eliptic e with the rounded base abruptly exeava te d into a deep na nus; their margins continuously low-serrate p with cu ei teeth; petioles RA short a nd slender, shorter than the leaf- breadth, replaced by short broad wings at the principal axils; the upper ine often clas asped by ieee T. linear braeteals: heads forming con clusters borne on long suberect branches or reduced to a few distant ne. heads: braets ciliate, oe “backed, pale and thin, ed -oblong and obtuse on . some dut heads, x w and acutish on the ME elustered heads, the inner attenuate and w a tips: ligules of d ray white, or so metimes reddened: disk broad, po dus purplish-erimson.—Mountain or hillside bes Blue Ridge an nd m e N provinees, Ga. to N. Y.- —Early fall.—Resembles A. divaricatus, but the narrower, less-attenuate, more uniform leaf-blades differ in outline. sinus, and teeth. 5. A. castaneus Burgess. Stem glabrate, terete, oa and wandlike, red- dish-brown or A with about 12 delie ate straight darker striae, and becoming sinuo the inflorescence: a leaf-blades dull- Lr stg? very thin of a dense and hard texture, minutely granular-roughened wh n dry, ovate- d closely s a. often unequally decurrent upon the short slender pet the t leaves mueh shorter Gui un eoarsely serrate and ns odes "à inus; rameal leaves laneeola te-attenuate or often all crescent-like ind decurved, sessile by a short cuneate base: inflores- cence nearly naked, narrow, composed of several An ved slender unequal branches bearin ng c close convex clusters all in flower at once and very short- lived: pedicels long, filiform, upeurved, som WAS bearing small cireular braeteals or discules: braets narrow, Die -obtuse, pale, with EE green d rays often 9; ligules linear, snow- -whi te, excessively thin, and soon pendulou disk soon turnin to rose-brown, sienna, or chestnut-color.—Clayey spots in i i , als N. Y. 6 chlorolepis Burgess. Stem strong, glabrate, brownish, d below. angulate-striate Pied leaf-blades large, smooth, very thin, bro h-green, pale Hun ovate-aeute, very co pci serrate with outflun fect: pos deep arp; petioles od slender: axile leaves also large, irs Es ies with long fo rward-directed iot. t r ones sess inflorescence loose and irregula eads large, long-peduneled, inclined to idely Bm dep ligules of the ray nearly twice the length of the involuer ets quite uniform, thic road, short and scale-like, with very little ciliation air b or hair chiefiy golde en brown with a short dark-green rounded tip: disk turning crimson. — Mt. woods, Blue Ridge and more N provinces, N. C. to W. Va. and N. Y.— Fall.—Rese mbles 4. tenebrosus in the large d leaves, teeth, and bracts; differs especially in having the sinus sharp and the bracts Tounded, and in the absence and greatly prolonged entire bracteals. 7. A. Boykinii Burgess. Stem slender, greenish and glabrate, much flexed ; leaf-blades ovate to elliptic- -acuminate, with broad enlarged sinus, set with strong and somewhat outflung be petioles eus inflorescence lax and irregular, of short branches given off wide angle, often continued in give clusters among t the lower axils; the eG als often conspicuous with ovate O 1372 CARDUACEAE or subcircular sessile bracteals: e turning reddish brown: ligules of the shorter than in its ally, 4. divaricatus L., from which it differs eed: in its more straggling habit, narrow oo inflorescence, and less-coarsely toothed less prolonged leaves.—Mt. sl opes; Blue Ridge, Ga.—Sum. 8. A. flexilis Burgess. Stem low, slender, smooth, and virgate: leaf-blades small, short, thin, dull, dark-green, ovate-acute with the broad pud rounded base bisected by a deep sharp sinus; Auer M Qu serrate with low obseure th; petioles short: infl sc , tuft-like of a few a -peduncled heads: bracts narrowly linear, obtuse, poe uni n plant a Ner of hair o l2 n ; otherwise much a s A. divaricatus L.—Mt. idge, iffers fro Boykinii (with which it grow “especially in its mr Shorter dull leaf. i d the sharp sinus, erenate margins, and the obtuse brac c 9. A. multiformis Burgess. Stem 3-6 dm. high, minutely glandular, ereet, slender, terete, or angular-striate in poles be iea a usually 2, their blades large, cordate-oblong; cauline leav ral forms, their blades uid hd rough idle minutely puberutent beneath, por of the lower ones nate, sually with a row those of the upper oval to e: vule DERIT the SOUCIS, SIRO -lánceolate, Merry sessile r 0: cor a e 3 40 mm. broad: ray-flowers about 13: ligules rounded and retuse af the apex: braets green: inflorescence-glands E Peu “hidden n by the min e ct pubes- cence of the peduncles.—Moist, shaded places, various provi of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Pa. and Me. bun —fall.—Resembles A. macr rons but its leaves thinner, narrower, mo e polymorphous, MUN narrower si ls 1uch less harsh; glan nds fewer, sm alt r, pale, less conti AES inflo- rescence more level- -topped, obconie when past: rays nde Eon ns i Ros A. riciniatus Burgess. Stem smooth, red, terete, often 3 dm. iude o. leaves usually two, unequal; blades deltoid- cordate or ovate-cordate, h long low eurvescent or erenate teeth; basal le af smaller, the blade orbieula. ovate, e leaves ovate broad o sinus; the others lanceolate or elliptic, with MAT taper red bas yer dentate below, becoming sharp-serrulate above; petioles dou. or peri narrow strap- like wings: inflorescence a all loose terminal p with slender ascending pedicels: bracts uniform, lingual: ligules of the ray d p and then transiently violet, soon turning whitish, in cami —Moist mountain woods, Blu e Ridge, N. C.—Late sum.—Plant very E and plos much DL ish- ved occurs on stem and veins and especially along the bracts; glandu- lar-pubescence very short, with small capitate glands, continuing down the stem to the base; strigose MA AQUA e by lens on the upper leaves. Resembles A. multiformis, but t e plant smoother and paler, with more red and less vio iolet; leaves biens 2 and often dentate; braets narrower and more uniform; its colors neither sharp nor dull, but as if seen through a veil. A. macrophyllus L. Stem 6-9 s high, reddened, angular: radieal leaves developed in large eae usually 3 to each rootstock, larger and coarser than the pence shaped lower cauline jc (which are developed a subsequent year r from the same Eo uo blades broad, cordate with a large ir cies sinus, uh above, harsh, thick, the teet road, curved, somewhat cren upper stem-leaves with oblong blades il short br n winged petioles, ue ndu of the uppermost sessile, aeute: inflorescence strigose and gla ja bro adly corymbose, irregular: heads 15-30 mm. br iM idle iu VIE tiekish: ray-flowers about 12- 16; ligules 10-14 mm. long, chiefly 1 vender r, sometimes violet, or rarely pale: bracts ae green-tipped, the acu e, the inner elliptic, obtuse: disk turning reddish- A r. sterile CARDUACEAE 1373 soil, in shaded plaees, various provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C. to Minn. and N. S.—Sum. | i 12. A. commixtus (Nees) Kuntze. Stem 5-6 dm, hi igh, rather robust, glandu- lar-pubeseent over the upper half and — oe = af-bla pd: ; rough, = ck, dull-green, paler Den ovate-acute in ty lov te or with curvescent teeth, and with slender petioles; only the ba E leaves, E any, slightly bius upper leaves diminished, finally laneeolate and sessile; bracteals ir small and few: inflorescence loos ly eorymbose, with ae ascending rne S: bracts nar- row and acute or subulate, ciliate - minutely pube T the snes squarrosely recurved: ligules of the ray pale-violet becoming white : di sk becoming copper- PU ry woods, Appalachian odi , Ga. and Ala.—Late sum.—fall.— From its congeners A. mirabilis and the northern A. Ife erveyi, this is distin- guished by the long aeumination of its squarrose braets; and from A. mirabilis by its eapitate glands. 13. A. mirabilis T. & G. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, sparingly branched above, mani- festly pubescent, the branches and especi ally the branchlets closely and finely ubescent: lea aves various, s basal and lower cauline little known, the upper mote; cm. eee or upper surface fewer, cope often spinescent: head solitary o S: j u t : 10 mm. hi bra a E t without and ciliate, the recurved herbaceous a obtuse n bo 20; s viole nt all.—Resem - formis Burgess, but the bracts squarrose and leaves idu d corda- tion seems wanting but will probably yet be found on some basal leav 14. A. Shortii Hook. Stem 6-12 dm. high, roughish or smooth, slender, panic- ulately branched above: leaf. ea thick, glabrous or nearly so above, finely and sparingly pubescent ise h; those of the basal and lower cauline leaves o j at the ovate nded or eve wholly entire, 5-15 cm. ut dull and seabrous above, borne on slender naked ioles; those of the upper cauline e laneeola ate, entire, sessile or with short d = bou po Dore te, those of the branches small and scale-like: heads 5—30 br dl nulate: b invo mainly "uns acu e, Puce iut their green tips appressed: ray-flowers 10— 15; ligules linear, penus , 10-12 mm. long: pappus tawny.—Banks and edges o "woods, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., Ill., and Pa.— Fall. 15. A. Camptosorus Small. Stem 4-8 dm. tall, simple and glabrous below the inflorescence, slightly flexuous: leaf-blades lanceolate, attenu ate, 6-16 cm. lon resembling those of Camptosorus rhizophyllus, entire, undulate and sometimes ri , dar o zt : les d purple, about E p ong. T ud Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. o Ala. i 1374 CARDUACEAE 16. A. Lowrieanus Porter. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so through- out, branched: leaf-blades thickish, firm, a little succulent, those of the basal leaves slender-petioled, ovate to udi ee cor ate, acute or obtusish, serrate, 5-15 cm. long, those of the cauline leaves ovate to elliptic, often cordate, dads uis “winged petioles, the uppermost lanceolate: heads usually n ery num , 15-25 mm. broad, loosely panicled: involucre turbi- nate; Ba obtuse or bu appressed: ray-flowers 12- 20; pip: i Bou 8 — 108 but variable in len ngth qu various provin Plain, Ala. to Ky., Ia., Conn., and N. C.—Fall.—Resembles A. pru Ee leaf ades smooth and Rr more wing COT and inflorescence less pubesce A. cordifolius L. Stem 3-15 dm. high, glabrous or nearly so, much- aaa and bushy: leaf-blades thin, rough mainly above, pubescent, sharply ate ate, 5-12 cm. lo oe or sessile , ovate or lanceolate: heads very numerous, small, 12-18 mm. broad, handsome: ' involucre turbinate to cylindrie; braets yes dias linear, obtuse or obtusish a tipped, appressed: Siei ers 10—20; ligules 6-8 mm. long, blue or metimes pale, rarely whit cant te whitish Rich woods and thickets, various E didis) rarely Coasta " Plain, Ga. to Miss., Minn., d —A. cordifolius albearius, ranging from N. C. and Tenn. m Mass., pe "the thin leaf-blades usually smoothish, cordate bna lanceolate or broader: inflorescence dense, thyrsoid, not le afy n for em- bing that of the lilac: bracts linear, acute: heads medium- E Uguale prn) 18. A. sagittifolius Willd. Stem rather slender, 6-15 dm. high, strict, gla- brous, or sparingly pubescent above, the inflorescence tall and panieulate with -ascending branches: leaf-blades thin, glabrous above or but slightly roughened, pn npn Mp those of the basal and lower leaves ovate- pic to lan ao ordate or rarely sagittate base, 2 serrate, acuminate, 7—15 em. Tops ith slender naked or narrowly margined petio oles; blades of the upper a leaves lanceolate, sessile, or on o and usually margined petioles, Serato or entire, those of x bra apis Rl uch smaller, linear- Hae late: heads 16—20 mm. broad, o nds bp dk involucre urbi nae ; bracts linear- subulate, gl Nie r tips green and rr spreading: ray-flowers 10—15; ligules se Or ett 6-8 mm. long: pappus whitish Diy soil, various A N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Miss., Kans., N. D., N. B., and N. 6— B sum.—fall. EO DIE A. cordi- but its braets n narrower, s subulate-acuminate, and its inflorescence , e : sa ; ss., Okla., and N. iffers from the typical form in its broader looser pyramidal inflorescence, its somewhat lar rger and longer-peduncled heads, and less serrate leaf-blades none of which may be cordate. 19. A. plumarius Burgess. is about 3 dm. high, chiefly composed of the dense plume-like violet inflorescence: stem smooth, zigzag: leaf-blades very smooth and firm, thickish, chiefly a m E and slit-serrate, incline to be strongly faleate at r m unequal at the slightly cordate broadish d tiol base, measuring 7 x em. or less; veins strongly incurved; petioles narrow- margined; lower axile lea ns conspieuous, but rapidly diminished, soon becom- ing narrowly f alcate-lanceolate and entire, sessile by a taper subcuneate base: inflorescence othe aked, ovate ices in outline: bracts narrow, acute, their distinct enlarged green 2 chie d ies ulate. EN tops, chiefly on balds at 4,800-5,000 ft., Blue Ridge, N. C.—Fall.—Resembles a dwarf A. sagit- tifolius, but differs in leaves geras) and es of D als. CARDUACEAE 1375 A. trigonicus Burgess. Plant profusely branched, with rigid glabrate brownish stems and long flagellate ascending branches, which are closely short- ae or are spiciform and beset with small remotish subsessile heads: stem 8 dm. high or less: leaf-blades nd and heavy, somewhat canescent or hispid above, velvety-hispidulous below; leaf- ys elongate triangular; the truneate base pu buen at the corners, and sometimes a little pA leaf- blades . or more, aeute or obtusish, the sides straight, serrate or cren ate; petiole re domne a narrow cun wing: rameals sum, pel numerous, overlapping and appressed, linear- elliptic, heads small, hardly 2 em. broad: bracts linear-acute, the green tip roue .—Plains and prairies, various provinces, Ala. to Tex. and Kans.—Fall. 21. A. azureus Lindl. Stem 3-12 dm. high, slender, stiff, rough, with numer- ous ascending or patent branches: leaf- blades thick, of a peculiar crusty tex- h r wer e y 9—15 em. long, with slender ofte n pubescent petioles 3 ioe of the upper cauline leaves with short Dod n bases or sessile, dS or linear, entire; those f bran 20-25 mm. ed broad: involuere aun braets glabrous, popa: e abruptly iid imbrieate, their broad sharp E ‘tips appressed: ray-flowers 10-20; ligul i e, 6-8 mm. long: various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, a to ex., Kans., Minn., Sum.-fall..—Resembles A. undulatus L.; but leaves hispidulous on both Hoc flowers smaller; rays darker ome bluer ; ' pubescence scanty.—A. azureus scabrior, ranging from La. to Mo., Minn., and Ont., has an extremely rough stem with mor t branches and 'prineipal leaves with elliptic-lanceolate, entire, long- erec petioled, noncordate blades 22. A. Ae Burgess. Stem pee and repeatedly much-branched, 8 dm high or less: leaves very rough and stiff, of grass-like form; chief leaf- blades linear- rdc or faleate, often 13 cm. long, 0.5 em. in uniform breadth, usually also with a narrow-margined petiole S s em., eae = be em and . 8x1 or less: inflorescence irregular, on very long and eu aggling branches, which are often for 1.5 to 3 dm. clothed with minute subulate sub-appressed bractlets: heads a ed os l em. broad: bracts of the involucre nu with long sharp tips.—Plains and prairies, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., "Okla., and peek all JL Represents the extreme of attenuation among the kindred of A. azureus 23. A. doce L. Stem stiff, 3-10 dm. high, pe rough-pubescent, divari- eately branehed above: leaf -blades usually thiek, rough on both iis es when dry, pubescent beneath, dentate, undulate or entire, aeute or aeuminate, those f the radieal leaves small, orbieular to ovate, soft- -downy; the ped ae leaves ovate, with cordate base, 5-12 e ng, ae naked petioles expanding to a ping base, at least in some leaves; middle el ilar, lanceolate or elliptic; upper cauline leaves sessile or clasping, chiefly e- elliptic; branch-leaves subulate, small and re ae reduced: h ee ipid. di nehes, 16- . broad: involuere broadly turbinate: braets of the inv ster eens "elliptic, ‘slightly ubescent, acute or acutish, their es ds tips appressed: ray-flowers 8-15; ligules ene o [S 10 m ong: pappus dM ee ry soil, various A Fla. to rk., , and ——A. Baldwinii T. & G., based n the upper part of "i specimen of one of the undulatus iint cana! definitely ie placed under any species on account of the peace of lower leaves, so that the name is best dropped from this ana 1376 CARDUACEAE 24. A. Proteus Burgess. Plant small, racemose, with many eordated leaves, of ys i ned texture but with little hair: stem sle nder, apt to be glabrate, and 3 dm. high, sometimes 7 dm uid A little branched, but sometimes forkin ng near the be "uen somewhat re ; blades pe polymorphous, thick or thin; radicals numerous, rese Bn ng violet lea r less, cordate- ovate, almost acute, finely subcrenate, often A ae on 153 ‘prolonged and very slender petioles: cauline leaves tend to assume about 4 types; the first, or basal, all similar to the radical, but with du idu PR narrowly eordate-triangular and aeutish, md. serrulate, soon becoming entire; es s form, triangular-lanceolate, sloping into a distinet D E tiole; third, rowly linear an j ad taper acute, sessile by a broad base or with very short broad w ms merous, much- reduced and disappearing among the middle axils: inflorescence pues nude, a : isk species: bracts linear, briefly e clo Edo 20m the green tips con spieuous, narrow diamond-form or narrow lanc —Dr ry ground, Coasta 1 Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Sum.-fall. 25. A. asperifolius Burgess. Plant small, racemose, minutely tomentulose throughout, very rough and heavy in te xtures stem often but 3 dm. high: leaves subcoriaceous; blades hispid, subentire, obtuse, ovate-elliptie and longer than their short petioles; ener ves m amie adnate, subulate-filiform ; radical es a ief c i r, naked or nar- beo rowly margined; am Tea dilation absent or rare: inflorescence a loose simple or compound naked receme, or several racemes which may become more short- peduncled and leafly: heads BU than in A. undulatus: bracts of the in- voluere fewer, slightly pubescent, appressed, Bou n acute, ips o rhomboid green tips. [4. asperulus T. & > not Wall]—Dry or sandy s Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. c. — Fal athe most ae Pico and rounded-leaved of the southern correlatives 71 A. undulatus 26. A. sylvestris Burgess. Stem slender, scabrous, erect, pale-green, usually 4 dm. high, minutely pubescent: leaves resemblin ng A. undulatus, but blades broader, shorter, thinner, deeper-green, more uniformly a led; predominant leaf-form broadly short- diee e, acute, with rounded basal lobes, deep or ex- eavated sinus, broadly erenate or entire margin: petioles narrow, long and num- erous, dilated E: the base, gom otherwise winged: upper leaves elliptic-acute, soon sessile; rameals uniform and spreading as in A, undulatus, oval to linear- elliptic; radicals small, or d short- -petioled ; DIS. and webby hair ues on the leaves beneath bu tn velve ety: inflorescence irregularly spreading o - cending, of long racemose AM heads rather few: pedicels distinet, often m. long: ul acute at apex, arge and broad rey E Ape E n sounds: truellius ge iun Plant ‘small, erect, with little hair: stem erect, 2 stron ng but slender, rough: leaves subentir e 5x em., thickish, firm, r ough, typieally uoc quc lote with sides Fic tapered from the bani shouldered truneate = cordate base, in form sugge esting a mason ’s trowel: remarkable for its numerou rt narrow petioles with large Daal dilation, and above these, its poner petioles with slight basal dilation; radicals cor date-orbicular : hat velvety; axiles often deflexed, n ovate; rameals ib ped ligules of the ray short, pu urplish-blue: disks soon reddish- rown: bract-tips diamond-shaped, broad and br right-green.—Sandy thickets, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Ky., and Vt.—Fal. 28. A. corrigiatus Burgess. Plant tall, robust, rough, with little hair, with predominantly narrow spearhead-shaped much-ruffied sessile leaves, foliose in the CARDUACEAE .. 1377 axils, and with long and high inflorescence, small blue-violet heads and lozenge- tipped braets: stem about 12 dm. high, or more, brown, terete- striate, rough, with short scattered strigose hair above: leaves tending to o be narrowly lanceo- late i broad-based, slanting straight both ways from near the base, tending to e form a the fo e narrow s ad, abo ; very wly Ae Uds throu ugh the inflorescence; radicals small, short and broad, somewhat cordat av lower cauline leaves develop obscure cordation and ; ram not cons ous, linear-aeute m appressed epis irregularly eiu mose, long rather narrow, dispro- portionately large for the plant; its branches tend to be spreading and short, ts peduncles long or at least inue. its heads me ss, its rays u ker than in typical A , undulatus —Dry hillsides, various provinces, Ala. A bie N. Y., and Conn.—Fall.—Peculiar in its strong tendency to be- o igiate, or eross-tied, i5 developing two conspicuous divaricate narrow- Ps d blades (branch- -form leaves) in the lower or middle axils of the eauliné leav 29. A. triangularis Burgess. eod cinereous green, tall, robust, very rough, with little or no obvious hair, like A. corrigiatus; but with leave S ovate-tri- angular- Ries MEUM. thicker and ene a bur de acumina ation: stem dull reddish-bro mewhat terete, 9 dm lea ery numerous, sometimes folio osely corrigiate in ' the em pos not ‘ciliate, oe with slight short scattered strigose hair, on re upper surface close-set with pale slender rigid aculei rire away from the midrib and thickened at the base; leaf- form ovate-triangular, long- acuminate, suddenly gee at the sessile base, subelasping only: inflor e rather narrow, of loosely-ascending bra nches with a brushy top, uniformly ER a Or catenate 2 eonspieuous appressed ODE elliptie vaca like braeteals: heads : ligules of the ray pur- ple-blue: bracts of the involucre end -elliptie, pa tips apt to be of broad diamond form [ A. duis triangularis Burgess]—Open s Ead, slopes, vari- ous provinees, ‘S. C. to Ala. and N, Y.—Fa ll, 30. A. claviger Burgess. Plant wand-like, apt to spring several from a com- mon base, with glandular pubescence along the middle of the stem, and wit leaves of a crisp firm texture: stem greenish, moderately and finely pubescent i iform 2 or ate, smo eye, about igh or more: leaves quite uniform; blades ovate-elliptie, thiekish sub-entire or crenulate, acute, chiefly with a short str t its base; the slight pubescence becoming a little rough in drying and the leaves spongy-coriaceous; a very few basal leaves cor- date: inflorescence irregular and narrow-elliptic or clavate, sometimes narrowly pyramidal: heads rather m ligules of the ray violet or purplish-violet: bracts linear-acute wit medium-sized tips broad-lanceolate to diamond- ae ; vui. red capitate prd hai E are mingled on the stem with dry trigose hair and also with broke oe a rigose hairs which become oa eee ‘thickened ; the de finitely c capitate glands are colored v violet, only slightly thieker than their stiff stub-like stalks.—Wo " borders, various provinees N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to N. Y. and Conn.—Fal 3l. A. gracilescens ip a Plant slender and less pubescent, less rough and more thyrsoid than its congener A. undulatus: stem slender, ae 6 dm. high and somewhat ar CUM leaves quite nU bla pi la e and e nspicuous, thin, soft, elongate-lanceolate, chiefly sessile 12x 4e r less, erro soft- pube scent, not velve ris like A. undulat us, n a little iuh iin "ar ry, subentire, pale-green with paler midr E ; axiles narrow-ovate, rameals elliptie-linear or prea ve agi with a : ovoid o soid, with dis TER piste s 3 em. long or less: heads larger and meme re in its relative A, undulatus: bracts of die involucre linear- ‘elliptic, 87 1378 CARDUACEAE suddenly acute, the tips a. S short, incurved-triangular-aculeate. —On “balds,” i n ux de, dos of rich woods, Blue Pu d feudi N Provinces, g. c. N. Y. Quit e common and rather showy.— Fall. A. linguiformis Burgess. Small racemose plants with little ere or cor- on y soft thin texture, tending to great a of elongate linguiform leaves, partly with usd dup winged pd and the upper ones sessile by a broad a — base; stem 4— Ta . Righ, minutely B only; leaves ene to be remarkably e entir and o , sage-green, closely approximate; radica few, narrowly Se eee E slightly ed with rather long sle ps petiol es; lower caulines lance-elliptie, 7 x 2 em. or less, abruptly rounded and obtuse oe p and apex, often surpassed Py ms d dn petiole; other eaulines and branch-leaves sessile-auriculate, prolonged linear-oblong or pan sues te- elliptie, pom rounded-truneate at apex; axiles Daear: aeutish: inflorescence usually a loose and nearly simple raceme with small distinct long- pedicelled arly heads: bracts of the involucre lax, linear, acute, "the Eee tips rhomboid.— —Fal Dry, fertile thickets, near J acksonville, Fla.— Sum. 33. A. loriformis s Plant rough, with but ae ceed ony Na ? with stra ap-like leaves seldom developing petioles or eordat : stem. somewhat | e traight from a s ela minutely and closely erose, occasionally gashed with a few coarse remote blunt ne A pie petioles slightly e though often a few lower leaves lope into rap-like petiole; radicals apt to be oval-elliptic, with little or no sordation; “upper eaulines an nd e eee acutish, more contracted the bas s in A. corrigiatus, the inflorescence is tall and aaa the heads ain than "n A. undulatus and ue ligu E es of the ray a more blue-purple: braets of the i olncie narrower, the green tips diamond- (oan or lanceolate. [A. undulatus loriformus urgess|——Sand-ba rrens, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala. and Mass.— Mohrii Burgess. ips d pd and pi upon d pep with very nak ushy inflorescence: ough, rigid, w any small dark eapitate slender-stalked red non pue strigose pu anus of the latter are iseid, becoming broken down and irregularly D dm d blades long, nar- rowly lin and = ass-like, thickish, harsh, of uniform breadth, minutely rugulose above, n slightly acute; petioles s obscure, arene or winged; occasional radieal or basal leaves are shorter, broader, apa ie cordate-lanceolate, and at the slightly poss base are contraeted into a pd petiole; with but obscure or rare sinus and amplexieaul ae axile Ms and rameal chiefly linear-oblong, Apu by a broad base: heads small, long- ps (5-7 em.) raeemosely compounded: bracts of m pe cre linea iptic, acute, green-tips prominent, lance-elliptic: ligules e ray reddish- Tue 12-15 or less. [A. Baldwinii f T. & G.]—Sandy soil, noe Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga.—Fall.—Fine strigose tomentum extends down the pedun cles and pon of the stem. Represents the extreme atcha dm of the A. undulatus types. 35. A. puniceus L. Stem 9-25 dm. b usually stout, nd prin] eorymbosely or racemosely prone abov , his ispid with ri igid hai ing fro a eens! a base: leaf-blades Bu ciis to elliptic- lanceolate 7- 15 ud 5 ng, a minate, sessile and clasping by a broad or narrowed base, sharply BOE ome upper ones entire), d very iia above, fae vrs on the midrib beneath: heads generally nume 2-4 em. broad: involucre nearly hemispheric; bracts linear or elliptic, ee ines in about 2 series, CARDUACEAE 1379 glabr oe or ciliate, green, loose, spreading, nearly equal, sometimes piace ray- ap s 20-40; ligu is light- -violet a purplish or pale), 10-14 m long, s wy: pappus n early white: achene pubescent.—Swamps and ditches, ae Pu. Ga. to Ala., Minn., Ont. 2 nd N. S.—Sum.-fall. 36. A. Elliottii T. & G. Ste br Eos d vdd or pubescent in lines, corymbosely paniculate above: ea ather us; blades thickish, various, those of the basal and lower Cane “elliptic a ERE te, 2-3 dm. long, with shallow appressed or rounded teeth, narrowed into broad petiole-like bases, those of the upper cun elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, appressed-serrate, acute : with petiole-l à ach branch: bracts o recurved, their tips linear-elliptie or linear-subulate, and spreading: ray-flowers numerous; ligules narrowly linear, 9-11 mm . long, bright- pr achene gla- brous or nearly so.—Swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—Fall.—Resembles A. puniceus, but inflorescence more corym bosely crowded an aa level-topped : bracts more attenuate and more spreading: ligules of the ray deeper-colored: hairs tubercular at the base or wanting. 37. A. conduplicatus Burgess. Stem Le ere nearly smooth, but with some lines A straggling thick-based bristles; branches short, rigidly spread. conges d p iius ends with ir died erowded heads: leaf-blades sessile, bvi 'ein e the ray blue or violet, fading whitish: bracts of the involuere linear, wit triangular-acute apex, white scarious edges and Bie t-green conspicuous deltoid tip.—Moist soil near Biltmore, in the Blue Ridge of N. C.—Fall. mns d also to A. novi-belgii and A. pun niceus.—Plant ehiefly ae green and smo 38. A. prenanthoides Muhl. Ste n 3-6 dm. high, EE pip B. above, flexuous, much-branched: leaf-blades thin, ellipti neeo- late, 7-15 cm. long, sharpl and coarsely hei ate, seabrous ps is or nearly so beneath, acuminate, abruptly n wed "bel ow into a broad-margined entire p ad base dilat ted and aurieulate- clasping : Beads usually numerous, 25 mm. broad voluere hemispherie; braets linear ; spreadi ing, Bib in 3 0 or 4 series, did uter shorter: ray-flowers 20-30; ligules violet, 8-12 mm. long: pappus D achene pubescent. ENS soil, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. o Ia., Wis., and fall—Unlike other asters in its le af- form, chasaclerieticay a sibel base and an ovate-acuminate rd connected by a strap-like middle. = A. EENEN Walt. Stem shrubby, widely or di ipd branch ed, 1-4 . lon m hing or climbing, finely po softly more or less ish pubescent: ies Ped. few, those of Nee m and main ERR pine elliptie or iy De d en i blades m. long, s Or ae at P » Mn ally s sagi g à merous; ligules pale-purplish or pinkish, 1.5-2 long: achene glabrous.—In and about aa Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.— Fall, continuing in flower the year roun 40. A. laevis L. Stem 6-12 dm. high, usually stout, glabrous, often glauco us, branched or simple: leaf-blades thick and almost leather ry, very smooth, entire 1380 CARDUACEAE or serrate, slightly rough-margined, the upper all sessile and strongly age A ng elliptic- -lanceolate, oblanceolate or ovate, acute or obtusish, 2-10 e ; those of the basal and lower eauline po gradually narrowed into Se ee bases, those of the bunc often small and scale-like: ya pub numerous, about 25 mm. broad: involuere umet ate; bracts of the involucre rigid, acute, appressed, broadly Ss ee imbrieate in several series: ray- flowers 2 ligules blue or violet: pappus Mesi achen a glabrous or nearly S stony soil, various provinces an , Ga. to La., Kans., N. D., Me. — Fàll. iib a asters for its smooth, 'eool, RE surfaces. 41. A. concinnus Willd. Similar to narrow- -leaved pum of A. laevis in d the stem glabrous or sparingly pubescent above 9 dm. to ps ately s leaf-blades elongate-laneeolate to m. entire (or tue serrulate), 2-7 em. long, those of the upper cauline leaves sessile, a clasping, those of the basal and lower cauline ves spa eui or elliptic, ed rowed into res petio e-like bases: heads usually numerous, abou broad: bracts of the i E vith rhomboid acai herbaceous tips: sn ree a i purple ae ne woods or dry soil various provinces N of astal Plain, N. C. to Ark. and Conn.—Fall. — Resembles A. laevis, but more on mbed, the heads smaller aad es narrower 49. A. purpuratus Nees. Stem 4-12 dm. high, slender, glabrous, simple, or Pone above, the branches pere puber ie : leaf-blades fir rm, glabrous, si he rk- or long-li -linear, 5-12 cm. long, acuminate; basal a lower cauline leaves petioled, iun lanceolate, obtusish; those of the branches very small: heads rather few, . loo racemose, 16-25 mm. broad: involuere broadly campanulate: bracts eo ous md Beg posi ear pene cate in several series, the green s dc e ray-flowers 5—10, their ligules blue or violet, E mm. long: pappus tawny: achene ERS eue and open woods, va s provinces, Ga. to Tex., Ark., and Va.—Late Sum.—Fall.—Resembles A. m ‘put tits heads more racemed, apt to be solitary on m. "branches the braets narrower-tipped, the leaves greatly narrow a the blades long-linea 43. A. attenuatus Lindl. Stem glabrous, 6 dm. high or lese: leaf -blades about l em. bracts as in A. diei in Rs pon which it differs i s le eaves, Rr smaller heads, m narrowed inflorescence of short ed >y mewhat squarrose lower pac. whieh pass gradually into spreading du on the pedicels. [A. virgatus y T. & G.]—Dry soil, Coastal Plain, Ala. to La.—Fall. 44, A. ursinus Burgess. Stem stout, smooth, glabrous below the inflores- ane ol peculiar in the crowded nodes of its base and in florescence, there B em ee ess apar anu and in the abruptly remote nodes of the ste m between n, hori acco Or ‘spatulate, sometim de » ad, with eiliate petioles; minute stubby met ioe even oe the larger O beneath, and occurs on the main stem and bra e gri. Pops de whieh tends to ellipsoid and broadly raeemose type: he — sees seus ary oO j ice the size o . atten virgate bran i 3 em. broad, 1 em. hi e pedicels shaggy with conspicuous uniform close ely- ADA D which are 1 em. long, each appressed half-way and with outeurved tip; upper braetlets more spreading and furry and passing pia s into the braets of the involuere; dp loose, broa a bra chiefly linear- "attenuate, tapering from the base, their e = p rge, Tater te, and conspicuous. [A. virgatus B T. & G. ‘not Banks]—Mountain slopes, Blue Ridge, Ga.—Late sum.—fall CARDUACEAE 1381 45. A. falcidens uis Sa Plant of firm smooth texture like A. laevis, with similar rays and bracts: stem slight or delicate, not rigid, generally arcuate, terete, EPA B under 5 dm. high; leaf-blades very thin, of linear type, rud NUT. glaucese ent, of aa A nd ee remarkable for the absence of veins (unl under a stro ns), g from ripe DR mooth and id qunm With the ane uu ciliation or ee ss) to jns with minute hair beneath and some scabrous h argins: radical ed very pale and glaucous, with oval or ru ate blades, p apex rounded or obtuse, a few acutish, 2 Pope narrow and longer ; lowe er cauline leaf- NEM lance- elliptic, en ntir equalled by the narrow petiole (and resemblin ng o ei ; middle caulines linear, often 2 dm. long by only 1 em. broad, sessile, short-aeuminate, frequently with several large projecting teeth which i nea ry opposite or remotely seattered; these notehes may be inereased till the leaf is pinnatifid, or reduced to many s m i un or may be replaced = DUE oblinecolate linear entire leaves: upper auline leaves often nume more, ascending or spade entire, Pes Moa sided, tapering tightly a each nd but not aa 15 em. by 1.5 , finally bec ing short, linear-acute and t, until 5. em. long: axiles e n ed ici of the ray pale-blue: disks early turning deep-erimson: bracts f the involuere linear- Ma Bel acute, their green "pe rhomboid. [ 4. pis jenes T. & G., not Banks.]—Upland woods, Blue E and more p ro jay to Ark "pa. and N. "e. —F all.—Differ fro the allied vis, A. concinnus and close Br SM in its longer ines Siral hte -sided oer blades Ad the coarse teeth. . A. turbinellus Lindl. Stem 6-9 dm. high, s kai paniculately branched, glabrous Pa po AA leaf- Ma ied lanceolate, or elliptie- Janceo- late, 5-7 e ong, entire, ciliate, acute or ac ate, those of the basal and lower uim petted, _those of the oP ais: ws se of the bra Bde mueh smaller: heads about m. broad, mostly solitary at the ends of the branches: m turbinate; pes elliptic, coriaceous, obtuse, I imbrieate n 5 or 6 series, their tips green ee at the apex: ray-flowers 10-20; ligules 6- 10 mm. long, violet: pappus tawny: achene finely So n nt.—Dry soil, especially on mg various $2 La. to Ark., Kans., and Ill.—Sum.-fall. ontinuus Small. Stem 5-11 dm. tall, pubeseent, much branched above: 5 em. long, tips, eute, passing into the numerous a of the rend ne 12-15; anes violet, 1~1.5 em. long: achenes pubescent. Resembles 4. patens Ait., but its bracteals 'elos er; the involuere api) turbinate.—Dry soil, often in open woods, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Kans., and Ark.—Fall. A. georgianus Alexan nder Stem 4.5-8 dm. tall, rough- Vs m E branched: leaf-blades sessile, and to obovate, rough pubes and Mona rar p Pide ih auriculate: -clasping at the ba ase, entire, ae or obtu ne ( ryo ng; tae of the branches much smaller, sometimes bract- like ps MN pd at the ends of bra nches or branchlets; a pan ree a UR linen somewhat acute, eur. the elliptic green Ups eu M ray-flowers 20- 30; ligules violet, about 15 mm o. ae wny.—Dry or open woods, inner Coastal Plain and Piedmont Ga. and S. On — Fall. 1382 CARDUACEAE A. fontinalis Alexander. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, pubescent, much ae leaf-blades sessile, eir -elliptie, ee pubescent, dus spreadin ne, culate- elasping at the base, entire, abruptly acute, 1.5-3 em. long; low pie and oe e es not Peg those of the D small e bract- B. heads about broad, or more, the ends of the numerous ra and branchlets; ae Sot Tate ; braets linear, with narrowly spa atulate, E em tips, remarkably thin for this group, but clo Md _appress sed and n t all E glabrous, and ciliate margined: ray-flowers 15-30; ligules n i blu long: pappus whitish .—Damp, mcd slopes, and moist soil, Fla. 2 e. fal 90. A. patens Ait. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, slender, rough, divergently branched: leaf-blades sessile, ovate- elliptic or oval, rough- -pubescent, thiek and somewhat rigid, strongly auriculate diu at the p ad base, entire, acute, or the 5 t} lower ones obtuse, 2.5-7. ong, those of the Pa much smaller and braet-like, their Dia rough- ciate: = M 29 - broad or more, solitary at the en nds of the branches: involue nulate 5; bracts o elliptic, el pubescent or scabrous, often SO seen lat reus imbric , their green tips spreading: ray-flow ers 20- B. ligules du or Ma let, pur mm. ae pappus hu achene pubescent.—Dry, open places, often in acid soi], Various provinces, Fla. to Tex. Minn., and Mass.—Sum.— all A. tenuicaulis (C. Mohr) ae e ables o Fo but its pg long and slender, flagelliform and P ro vell developed: leav nd heads smaller: pedic els longor, ofte mre em. 2056 s and their tips mu ch nar- rower, narrowly linear; bractlets mucronate: acute, Cn te or forming a chal like series alon ng the pediee els, appre zu = slightly spreading. [A. patens gracilis Hook. . patens tenuicaulis °C. Iohr.]—Dry soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Tex., Okla., and Ky com 2. A. phlogifolius Muhl. Similar to A. patens in habit, but when well de- veloped, much taller, more pad and soft: leaves larger; blades lanceolate to elliptie-laneeolate, entire, thin or membranous, acuminate at the apex, strongly aurieulate, clasping at the T roughish above, pubescent a th, usually narrowed below the middle, sometimes 15 cm. long: heads usually numerous, 3—5 cm. broad, panicled or somewhat racemose on the bra nches: involucre cam- panulate; bracts lanceolate, En rather loose, with he ud ti ips: ray- flowers numerous; ligules s purple -blue.—W oods and n di various provinces P po irre Plain, “Ohio and Mass.—Lat —fall.—Resembles Ga. to dud less harsh ui pes Heads larger: cr plein narrow: leaf- blades inea 53. A. adnatus Nutt. St em 2-8 dm. tall, hispidulous, Biel ged more or less br oe eu above: leaves various, the basal few, with a vl blades 2.0 em. ong: = eauline very numerous, RAE UM on part ^" the stem, mor du qs icate us ove uq b bra: ps oe x e to lanceolate, 3- 12 ong, firm, scabro and 20s ecd the ey and br anches, sessile: ue relatively Pu piden singly ating t su bran chlets: high; bracts linear or slightly cade d upward, the dark- 2 pide slightly ib y-flowers numer- ous; ligules 7-10 mm. long, violet: achene glabrous.—Dry pinelands, ieee Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—Fall.—Remarkable among asters in its min adnate NOUS ike leaves. A. Walteri Alexander. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, Rr branehed above or throughout, ne pis idus fii very numerous, the basal spatulate to cune- ate, entire, the cauline approximate or contiguous, rigid, reflexed ; blades elliptic- acca to 5 or "o ovate, 2-9 mm. long, ciliate, serrate, closely ses- sile: heads few, widely scattered, terminating scaly branchlets: involucre 5-6 CARDUACEAE 1383 55. A. oblongifolius. Nutt. Stem much-branehed, 3-7 dm. high, a dna i e 20-30; ligules violet-purple, rarely rose-pink, 6-10 mm. long: . pappus becomin j chene canescent. iri liries an uffs, various provinces mostly N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to nd Pa.— Sum.-fall.—4. Kwmleini Fries is not known in the east, ilio e specimens having been referred to A. oblongifoli Tus. diflorus L. Stem 3-7 dm. high, rather stiff, A 2: bra nehed, hispid ‘with short pow leaf-blades elliptic, linear, or what uus rigid, s e by à broad sometimes slightly elasping hace. rellered, entire, obtusish, napid the larger 5 cm. long, those of the branches very num- ous 4—10 mm. lon 1 : : he ut : ; volucre hemispheric; bracts very squarrose and fol eous, imbricate in 5-7 series, linear, or linear-elliptic, glandular, the outer obtusi sh, the inner acute: rays very numerous; ligules deep-violet, nearly 25 mm . long, 3 mm. wide: pappus becoming a achene d canescent.—Dry soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Va.—Sum —Resembles A. oblongifolius. but heads larger and fewer, is ud ar 97. A. novae-angliae L. Stem stout, 6-25 dm high, hispid-pubescent, thy mbos nos branehed above, very gel leaf- blades CH aa entire, one pubescent, sees em. long, 12-25 mm. wide, each clasping by an auriculate eads nume , 9-5 em. broad, clustered a the ends of the branches: ate un ing, pubescent b more or less glandular-viscid: ray-flowers 40-50; ligules linear, 10-16 mm. long, videt purple Moe a royal oe rarely ‘replaced by rose-color, or whi te): ent: pappus becoming reddish-white.— Fields and neutral soil ee en urn: provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, S. C. to Miss., Ark., Colo., Alta., and Que.—Sum .-fall. 98. A. novi-belgii L. Stem slender, 3-9 dm. high, u sisaatiy much-branched, pe or slightly E air above: leaf-bla des laneeolate, elliptic- lanceolate i lanceolate, 9—12 em. long, firm, entire, or slightly serrate, glabrous or very n arly so, cuminate in the e apex, narrowe d, sessile, and more or less elasp- e e braets of the involuere obtuse, loose, spatulate, ranges marshes, from Ga. to E Ca A. nov a jatlanticus with lan Ecol e ie ‘blades pe iin from the middle to an acumin apex and base: heads ers 2 : inflor cenee racemose-corymbose, nud in swamps, from N. C. to 1384 CARDUACEAE A. elodes T. & G. Stem up to 7 dm. tall, iid smooth, little-branched, a pale and reddened: leaf-blades nar rowly linear, entire, shinin ng and firm and coriaceous when dry, 5-15 cm. long, o ofte m. broad, scarcely elasping ba the contracted sessile Pu divaricately spreading and bec ing deflexed ; ealleaves very numerous, approximate, Ls -oval to loca "dana RE with abruptly contracted base and apex, dimin- ished to 1 em. long on the pedice els: leaves (especially the rameal) with their j j revolute: i = * © ] inulos loosely panieled, with domed, flattened or irregular top: 2 often sd e; chief t i j ip ; some poa sp foliaeeous outer bracts occur, they are usually few or inconspicuous.— oe BE in pine a Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, N. C. to Mass.—Sum.-fall. 60. sericeus Vent. Stem 3-6 dm. ed slender, paniculately or corym- bo E. ier stiff, glabrous, leafy: basal and lowest ic pd oblanceolate, narrowed into margined pur eauline leaves sessile, with oad base, E entire, mucronate, m. long, erect or T with - ens silvery- white silky pubescence on p th ee : heads numer about mm. broad ee det braets elliptie, or the inner acute caeseen imbricate n3or4s , thei eir tips green, acute, spreading: ray- -flowers 15- 55; ligules reddish. violet, (ne ming violet-blue, 12-16 mm. long: Kien y achene gla — ry, open soil, various P dics N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Tex., Man and Ill—Late sum.-fal A. concolor L. Stem 3-7 dm. high, leafy, simple, or with few erect branches: leaf-blades eliptic or linear- -elliptie, pel and = a pr on both sides, or the lower glabrate, sessile, obtuse or mucr em. long: heads in an ao Bas raceme resemblin ae that of d a yov iniaria: involuere ped md braets linear or linear- Top. Bd d t rer imbricate i or 5s s, their tips Sor s the ou y-flow 10-15; E lilac, pres violet-blue, 6-8 mm. long: pe a ptus denen villous br ry s andy, often acid, soil, Consta Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to La., aide Mass.—Lat —fall.—Resembles A. sericeus, but more wand- , Ten e sum like and p and more canescent than silky. 62. A. simulatus sedem Stem 2-15 dm d. wand-like or with few virgate branches, pale-pubescent, the branches, espec ally near the tips, villous-silky: leaf-blades linear- “elliptic to lanceolate or nee lanceolate, 1-2.5 mm. long or somewhat scale-like and smaller above, more or less silky, acu ute, ene sessile; heads in virgate racemes or panicles, ‘showy: involuere tu rbinate-c mpanulate: ri e ha 0-13; ligules violet, 6-7 mm. long: Pappus whitish: achene RUN silky. — Pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla.—Fall-v lumosus Sm Stem 1 m. tall or p ode above, finely pu- lad of the stem those above linear or nearly so, those of the branches linear-elliptie E lanceo- late, mostly 1 em. long or less, acute, all sessile, finely popes. on both sides: heads showy, in loos e racemes; in voluer e turbinate-campanulate s linear- | er da qa to narrowly ch unde pd gos: in several series, the in ds E. loosely spreading or reeurved green ti tip with copious 6.5 us ut hair ray- -flowers about 10; d violet, 7-8 mm. long; pappus tawny: achene silky -villous.—Dry woods, Apalachicola River dd Fla.—Fall. CARDUACEAE 1385 64. A. Curtisii T. & G. Stem 4-18 dm. tall, EUER at least below the in- florescence, oe d, corymbose or paniculate above, the pan sometimes raceme- like: leaves various, s s etim ds all with linear Me nearly li linear blades and entire Or partly serrate, som e lower cauline with lanceolate elliptic, oval or ovate sharply serrate blades and petiole-like pos and the upper cauline linear and less toothed, M allof them rela aay bo all thickish, age green ane eee : heads s void or pde - the end o the stem its branches e hemispheri -9 , conspicuous; bracts ‘often slightly a pum below the more or oie yu. dark-green spreading, or reflexed tips: ray-flowers s 18-28; ligules violet-purple, often brilliant, 1-3 cm. long: achene glabrous, shorter than the re ordid pappus. mu ee ee lue Ridge and Appalachian provinces, Ga. to Tenn. and N. C.—Fall.—Resembles A. spectabilis, but leaves more polymorphous: stem taller: head more diffused: glands lacking. 65. A. Smallii Alexander. Stem 5-6 dm. tall, glandular-pubescent, ial uaa peace below the Mrs compact t inflores scence; leaves ra merous 5-12 cm. long; blades d. but rough-margined, ede the Ennis ones taperin to a wing-petioled base, the upper ones sessile at the 2 base, all, even the lenia in sharp- -serrate and acuti id = ads borne den ewhat corymbose cluster: involucre campanulate: bracts Pandalar, especially the ae broadly linear, hate e. or obtuse, the tips reeurved: ray-flowers purplish: pappus pal achene pubescent.—Dry woods, Blue Ridge, N. C.— —Resembles A. din = differs mainly in its glandular involucral bod p numerous approximate leav 6. A. spectabilis Ait. Stem stiff, 3-6 dm. tall, simple, or corymbosely ed above, puberu lent, or rough below w, more or less glandular above: leaf- blades firm, thickish, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves oval acute Or acutish, i 12 em. lon , 2-4 em. wide, ipi pud with d teeth, narrowed 0 ee Or pics nearly so, ue. line Pi elliptic eee sev Et or numerou 35 mm. broad, eorymbose, very showy: involuere nearly Pons. us linear- jer or slightly Petula dn imbrieate in about 5 series, the n or aeutish tips spreading: ray-flowers 15—30; ligules cd A E m. long: = ppus whitish: achene heard pubescent, —Dry, cid, sandy soil, Coastal Plain and N. E. Coast, N. C. to Mass.—Late un fall. 67. A surculosus Miehx. Stem 2.5-4.5 dm. tall, slender, from e longate- filiform rootstoeks, ee ely scabrous-pubescent, corymbosely | aisi above leaf-blades firm, lanceolate or linear, those of the lower cauline petioled, 5-7 em. long, r ough-m reed slightly. scabrous ie sparingly dentate, those of the upper narrower, sessile, entire: heads few, or sometimes solitary, about 3 em. broad: involucre tu rbinate- -hemispheric ; ; bo coriaceo ae ate in about 5 series, ciliate, but scarcely glandular, their green tips oen ing: ray- flowers 15-30; ligules violet: pappus whitish: achene nearly Pide .—Sandy or gravelly soil, various provinces, Ga. to Ala. Ey. . and N. C.—Sum.-fall. 68. A. gracilis Nutt. Stem slender, 3-4 dm. highly, finely puberulent and sca brous, eorymbosely branched above: leaf-blades E scabr ge those of the - sal and lower cauline leaves elliptic, acute or obtusish, 5-7 cm. long, foot thed, arrowed into slender pd those of the upper jim linear, linear- -elliptic, or slightly oblanceolate entire, sessile or a little clasping: heads usually numerous, 12-20 mm. o: involucre narrowly turbinate; bracts coriaceous, glabrous or very nearly so, a in about five series, their tips green and spreading, obtusish: ray-flowers 9-15; ligules violet, 6-9 mm. long: pappus nearly white: Se mi pru: prae —Dry, often aeid, sandy soil, various provinces, N. C. to Tenn., Ky., and N. J.—Sum.-fall. 1386 CARDUACEAE 69. A. Lamarckianus Nees. Stem 6-25 dm. high, glabrous or ad y SO, panicu- lately much-branched: leaf-blades e to elliptic-lanceolate, 7—15 em. long, acuminate at the apex, narrowed to ssile or slightly clas ae base, a thin, ea margined, those of the pen leaves sparingly serrate in t middle, sometimes very nearly uo the upper and those of the E gradually ~ Pei numerous, 16— 20 m . broad: ge nearlv hemis- pherie, 6-8 mm. high; braets narrowly linear. lanceolate, acute or acuminate, em ssed, En upped E brieate series: ray-flowers numerous; ligules white (or faintly tinged vit pu ER 6-8 mm. long: pappus white or nearly so: achene a E [.A. paniculatus Lam.]—Moist soil, various provinces, Fla. to La., Mont., n and Va.—Late sum.—fall—A very variable species. A ey ranging from N. C. and Tenn. to Kans., and Man., with nar- rowly linear entire or er appressed-serrate leaf-blades acuminate at both ends and numerous rather densely b ed heads on ascending inflorescence- bcd is A. Lamarckianus bellidifior 70. A. aptly nna: Britton. Whole plant d p iani. stem 6 dm. high or more: leaf-blades thin, oblane and a n type, dull or einereous-green, sharply serrate above the EN with ph tapering entire sessile base, finely pu M gun beneath: heads irregularly D Or d da along leafy branches: braets of the arid linear, sely imbrica Moist places, various Ae os Tenn. to Tex., S. D., and Mich, Fall D Difers from A. Lamarckianus Nees. de in its pubescene 71. A. salicifolius Lam. Stem 6-15 dm. ugs ue slender, paniculately much-branehed, usually very leafy, glabro Or a pub escent leaf-blades somewhat is , laneeo zi or inr ced 5—10 ong, ough- margined, acu nate, narrowed and sessile or lightly qu en the base, iis Or pedes, denta ite with low teeth, glabrous or nearly so, those of the low r leaves a es Mur n 2r bases, Wars of the branches gradu- ally s s er: heads numerous, 16-25 mm. broad: involuere broadly ut. eur cud elliptic, uds sed, imbricate in 4 or 5 epee is green tips te or obtusish: ray-fl numerous; ligules violet, or t-purple, or some- times white, 6 -8 m en ng: diee s white: achene minutely pubescent. — Moist soil, various M E Miss. to Tex., Mont., Ont. and Me.—Late —fall.— The foll owing form may be distinguishable: A. poer Hoe with scabrous stem and leaves, ranges from La. to Tex., Mo., and Md. 72. A. Simmondsii Small Stem 1-12 dm. tall, ecd pubescent, usually with ereet or spreading branehes: leaf- blades linear, PEE. or elliptie, glabrous, er those of the lower Vois se E. thos E the upper serrate entire, the rameal ones narrowly linear, entire: head 5 solitary or paniculate: ea campamulate to E e a “turbin ate; a - no wit - pud green tips and s ous margins below, acute or ish, the inner 4- pm ligules of des 7— “11 mm. long, Pate -lilae or ae pur ple: XEM Bu. pubescent: pappus eream-eo!'or. [A. S82 see eee .]—Moist or dry soil, pen. Fla.—Fall.^wint.—A No n species ich may contain one or more distinct species.—As in the ease of odes pe the Seminoles use an infusion of the plant to bathe victims “of sunstro 73. A. spatelliformis Burgess. Stem eg -branched, glabrous, 6 dim. eu or more: leaf-blades dull-green and ere aM glabrous, the upper sur face usually finely impressed with r n vei : Jeaf-form suggesting a small dien spatula, oval with a rounded apex, a a into a short entire cuneate- inged petiole n and rameal leaves as well as cauline all of nearly the same type, 5 x '3 em. or les ss; the axiles half as large and oval-elliptic, with a short cuneate base; de rameals half as large as the axiles, but very uniform, numerous and characteristic: heads small, uer along t the prolonged or CARDUACEAE 1387 sarmentose branches, usually pH T d braets of the involuere rigid, linear, with whitish sides and a apex, the narrow dark-green tips lance- triangular. — Swamp margins, J mice m Fla.—Fall. A. Tradescanti L. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, es ee baie s the n lin defer usually ascending Pe often pu ubescent es: eau did. es nu- merous; blades linear- eis or ae , i 15 c m. long, a ar rowed to the d base, glabrous or nearly $0 on both sides, ina. d AE ser ied in e middle with low. teeth, or sometimes entire: heads very inn not seeund on the branches, 10—16 mm. broad: involuere Then pier P broadly ea ate, 4—6 mm. high; bracts inr acute, e sed, E tipped, eid in 4 or 5 series: ray-flowers numer ou 8; ligules white nearly so, 4—6 m ong: pappus white: achene minutely ae a aa ds i nae eee provinces, Fla. to Miss., Minn., N Y Terr., and Ont.—Late sum.—fall. 75. A. agrostifolius Burgess. Stem terete, greenish or stramineous, 6 dm. or often 8 dm. high, slender, erect or straggling, sparingly but widely branched: leaves grass-like, dull-green above and beneath; blades very thin, chiefly entire, linear- red Bid - the Md rd and especially to the apex, 10 em. r even 15 cm. long, by wide; wer cauline leaves become broader laneeolate or oblong and sli ightly appressed serrulate; axils Pid ally corrigiate or occupied by two little divaricate branch-lea : hea ds mall and pal about 1.5 em. broad: bracts of the ee ie cate ery pale, wi ith narrow linear green tips: ligules of the rays whitish.—Low gro Y under light shade and about copse-borders, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Ark., and S E Mass.; also river banks, Knoxville, in the Appalachian n of Tenn.—Fall. A. pinifolius -rie er. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous or sparingly ee with m or less erect aes leaf-blades linear to subulate, glabrous, sessile; dis of the lower leaves narrowly linear, entire or sparingly hack-serrate; those of the upper linear-subulate, the rameals subulate: heads few or many, dp involuere campanulate-turbinate to d braets linear, acutish, ae inner 5-7 mm. long: ligules of the ray 7-11 mm. long, pale- violet: pappus eream- perm achene finely ee ent. Moist soil, Fla.—Fall.- wint.—A TUIS species which may contain one or more distinet species. 77. A. ramosissimus Mill. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, usually glabrous, panicu- 2 bien usually bushy, the branches racemose, and the branchlets n es r rigid; ave o a pin dentate, narrowed into margined petioles, ida or ciliate; those of the ¢ auline leaves narrowly linear, acute, entir . long, tho ose id x bus ches AUR -subulate, oy oe ous: heads nhe td pedea 8—12 oad: involuere eampanulate to hemispheric; bracts coriaceous, closely copies hei lace or linear- lanceolate abruptly acute or acuminate, green- tipped, 1 mbrieate in about 3 series: ray- flowers 15-25; ligules I or m tinged: pappus "n. achene finely pu bescent. [4. e ricoides s (Fl. SE. U. $.) ].— . sae -ASTER.) — Dry soil, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Wis., 1n S and Me.— Fall.—wint. 78. A. pilosus Willd. Stem up to 1 m. E 1, pubescent, very much branched and bushy, the branchlets somewhat secund: leaf-blades firm, typically with long scattered hairs on both surfaces; those of the basal leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, obtuse, s wis dentate, pubescent ; s of the cauline leaves linear to elliptie, RM entire, 2-8 em. lon ng; E = the branches linear is narrowly elliptie: heads c lly numerous, road: involuere ea panulate to hemispheric; bracts linear to ne in te with coriaceous, 1388 CARDUACEAE acuminate, green tips: ray-flowers with Se ty preally white, but sometimes pink or pu rplish- tinged: pappus w vhite: achen E n. [A. ericoides pilos ae Porter, A. ericoides villosus (Michx.) T & G., A ericoides 2 s ; G.]—Dry soil, various provinees, Ga. to Miss., Mo., Ia., and Pa. A. juniperinus Burg Stem robust, brittle, glabrous,. pale brown, abont 6 dm. high, the MEM numerous, prolonged, chiefly horizontal and arallel, sometimes dm. long: Erud leaves a -green; blades thin, linear- pae 10x1 em.; rameal Rica r leaves subulate Pu all nearly alike, wi ide e-spreading, juniper ME gr pu redue ed and very erous un crowded, diminishing rapidly on the elongate pedicels and eae ed into the small spreading green outer bracts of the broad sine een the other bracts longer and ou er, linear with triangular-ae iate summi it, coriaceous and very gees bright. pes exeept the broadly “deltoid, sharp- angled, green tip: heads nall: ligules of the ray white oe reddish- brown.—Loose sandy a in sunny ee es, variou s provi med Ala. to Md.— Late sum.—fall.—Unlike A. Faxoni in its tendene ey to divarieate, not Ps mbose, branching. Unlike its congener A. ramosissimus in its numerous heads solitary on long branches or branchlets. 80. A. Faxoni Porter. Stem 6-15 dm. high, glabrous throughout, panieulately 12 em. base or those of the lower ones into margined petioles, entire or nearly so, firm, those of E. Aes gradually smaller: basal leaves with elliptic to spatulate, o Ain e blades: heads eed mm. broad: involuere hemispherie, nearly 8 m o br acts linear-lanceolate, acute or subulate, green-tipped or green on the back, imbrieate in about 3 PUR the outer shorter: ray-flowers ee dai S iru br ight- -white, 6-8 mm. du pappus white: achene minutely pubescent.— Rocky b pou nd m d Blue Ri ‘dge er more N provinces, s to Wis. Vt. and Mas Mn all.—4. ericoides Reevesii A. Gray is prob- ably best cone as the e Ms form of this s species 81. A. Priceae Britton. Stem 3-7 dm. high, pubescent, widely cu ae basal leaves with oblanceolate obtuse or acutish pu petioled blades , 3-7 , br long, the petioles VUE oad: e e relatively few; blades [em red ses An liate, acuminate, d hose bá the branches simila but s aller nce nearly ee about 6 m ugh; bracts linear, the m gradually acuminate, green, ae a little broader, abru uptly acuminate, acute, or obtusish: hezds abou em. broad: ray-flowers numer- ous; p bright Cnm: purple or pink E soil, Blue Ridge to Hn dm Plateau, N. C. to Ky.--Fal . dumosus L. Stem 3-9 dm. high, glabrous or very nearly so throughout, paniculately rea Tapi leaf-blades firm, those of the stem linear or linear- lanceolate, 2-7 em. long, entire, acute or obtusis roughly margined, often re- flexed, those of the branches s very numerous, sm mall and seale- like, those of the basal leaves spatulate, dentate: heads 8—14 mm. broad, terminating Ls usually "DNA slender brane hes and br jid usually num us: invo e broadly os ate; braets linear-subul appressed, imbrie about pA e obtus n type , with 2 Sn tips E ed at Ded Reis ray-flowers 15- 30; ligules white (rarely pale-pink or pale-viole ae mm. long: pappus s white: achene A i escent.—Sandy woods or oe often acid, variou oe Fla. Mo., Ont., "m Me. “Lat —fall.—The following forms may be “distinguished A. poten UL more rigid long straggling DI: eads somewhat larger: rameal leaves s linear blades subulate at the x eid a nd sharp, even pungent, erect or slightly spreading: E acute, their narrow green braets laneeolate to a CARDUACEAE 1389 ranging in pinelands and copse borders from Fla. to Tex. and S. C.: A. dumosus sirictior, with few ascending branches often aggregated above: leaf-blades acuminate and entire, ranges in m thickets from Tenn. to Mass 83. A.coridifolius Miehx. Resembles 4. dumosus, but the stem more rigid, dif- fusely decompound with slender flagellate brane hes and branchlets; cauline leaves as in A. dwmosus; rameal and ramular leaves uniform, and minute, greatly and abruptly reduced from the eauline, spreading or divarieate or reflexed, linear, usually not over 1 em. long, und pedes crowded ind braet- like, giving the pla id its Dora ride aspect: heads small, many of them solitary on prolonged branehlets: braets of s mE more rigid, obtusish, their tips broad-spatulate, rounded and then s — Pinelands and sandy barrens, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and Mass.—Sum.-fall. 84. A. gracilipes (Wiegand) Alexander. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so, with erect- A uir P and cda leaf-bla des firm, di of the 15 e o and r stem narrowly li 2— ng, entire ough- n So he ma PaL usually enrolled: oes of the 1 ong, spreading Dr Hes not very n rous, but short, erect or appressed, aeute or aeu dau those of the Ded ace es ere late, often sparingly dentate: heads 10-15 Grad. solitary at the ends of the long branchlets, fairly numerous: inv Sucre broadly e ampa soe bracts linear-spatulate, appressed, acute or acutish with spatulate green B TON flowers 14-20; Li white, or rarely pale- nt p br 5-7 mm. long: appus stramineo achene sparingly pubescent arly ae [ A. dumosus m "Wiegand, —Pinelands, sandy poete od moist places, Fla. (to La.?).— 85. A. Apu L. Stem 3-20 dm. high, strict, much branched and bushy, the branches ending or spre eading: leaf-blades rigid, linear, entire, mostly obtuse, sessile c Or r slightly clasping at the base, strigose or glabrate, those of TOW mm. high; br acts coriaceous, pubescent, in 3 0 series, their short green T? obtuse or mucronate, spreading: ray- Bone 10- 20; [pra white, 38—4 mm. long: pappus becoming brownish-white: achene puberulent E mu E 1: — Dry, open plaees, various provinees, Ga. to Tex., S. Dak ate sum.—fall. 86. A. brachypholis Small. Stem 5-6 dm. high, finely p ere e above, with few, spreading branches: leaf-blades thin and fragile is the entire plant: those of the stem linear, fairly numerous, 2-7 em ae blades entire, those of the branchlets exce edingly numerous, mostly reflexed, acute, those of the basal leaves narrowly d piae dentate: heads 8- 10 mm. volu broad, secund on long, P eading b s, nume ere bei cam- panulate: braets linear, very shor t Qo Joger t han a e , achene es), 0.5-1 mm long, obtuse, ciliate, ern green tips flowers about 12: ligules ane or whitish, 3—4 mm. long: disk- SAM "ees purple: oh white: achene elliptic, pubescent, about 1 mm. long.—Wooded slopes, often on damp rocks, Apalachicola, River bluffs, Fla. ga ll. 87. A.racemosus Ell. Stem Em ten Rom T E bed -pubescent on the aseending rather slender branches: leaves firm; blades linear or nearly so, relatively small, acute, the upper aa heads not i nons racemosely j ow 1 lu mm. high; bracts firm, subulate to narrowly lin acuminate: ray-flowers few; ligules purplish, 2-3 mm. long: achene nbl. and S. C.— pubescent.—Beaches and sandy woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to i Sum.—fall. 1390 CARDUACEAE 88. A. vimineus Lam. Stem 6-15 dm. high, glabrous or d so, slender, di- Sands branched: eauline leaves linear-acuminate, 7—12 en long, regularh M minutely ha a slightly narrowed at the sessile es those of the branches mueh smaller: heads very numerous, 6-10 mm. broad, generally edd racemose-secund, nus ac involucre broadly turbii nate; braets linea acute or acutish, green-tipped, appressed: ray-flowers numerous: ligules me 4 mm. long, narrowly linear, white, often roseate in fading: pappus white: achene pa pubescent.—Moi n: t soil, various provinces, Fla. to Ark., Kans., Minn. and Mass.—Late sum.—fal 89. A. lateriflorus (L.) Britton. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, p ulent or op rn brous, slender, diverge ud branehed, often bushy: sul leaves few ovate, short- -petio oled; eauline leaves mac bla Pg broadly accolto Or elliptic-lanceolate, 5-12 em. long, mostly aeuminate, serrate, those of the branches smaller, elliptie or linear-elliptie: heads 6-10 mm. broad, cni unilateral on the br aca Qd -peduneled or sessile, D numerous erowded: SIr turbin bracts linear- ue d obtu acutish, brieate in about 4 series, co short green tips appr Dd Or B pM g: a pis numerous; ligules short, “whitish or pale ri rounded at the disk- vu purple: pappus whit nan ne minutely pu BOSE 'ent. [A. r Ait.]— Or aes soil, variou or A]a. i Tex, Ark. Ont., N. S., and N. 7 Lat —fall.—The followi d pod ml be distin guished: A. lateriftorus poem with the stem chiefly unbranched: lea c aaa above, the a a "d dull green, with n mcm eeth: heads glomerate xils spic ae abov e or scattered on short "de thyrs paniculate heads: leaf-blades ne es laneeolate, ranges in open thiekets from Tenn. to Il., Ont., and N. Y.: A. lateriflorus horizontalis, with long o tir heads very numerou : ; pendulus, with long slender, horizontal or drooping bran and droopin pons the blades narrowly linear-elliptie, remotely ap b eue heads long-peduneled, ranges in thiekets from Ala. to N. C. "m nd N. Y. 90. A. hirsuticaulis Lindl. Stem 4-9 dm. tall, slender, erect, pubescent, nearly or quite to the base; branches usually sho rt spre eadin ng or ascending: le af blades thin, ran s above, usually densely c on the midvein d serrate with v appressed teeth, or entire, of linear type, sometimes long, sessile o xd basal ones spatulate and petio oled: heads more or less er e br Oe chiefly loosely clustered, Tp Ben Mtl or few in the j tsin 30 l narrow; nate or acute: ray-flowers several; ligules E oi 4 mm. long, narrow.— Woods and d various provinees N of Coastal Plain, Te to Pa. and Me. m.—fall—Unlike A. lateriflorus in its hirsute st and its long linear i -sided leaf-blades which are hirsute on the midrib beneath. . A. ptarmicoides (Nees) T. & G. Stem tufted, 3-6 dm. high, slender, rigid, usually rough above, corymbosely branched near the summit: leaf-blades Jin near- lanceolate, 3-ribbed, entire, or with a few distant teeth, firm, shining, rough- margined or ciliate, sometimes scabrous, acute, narrowe ed ud a sessile base, or those of the lower leaves petioled; the d and basal ones 7-15 em. long, upper smaller, those of the br qu linear subulate: heads 16-25 mm. broad, j h 0 4 series: ray-flowers 10-20; ligules snow-white, narrow, 6 mm. long: pappus white, achene gee —Dry o r rocky soil, various provinees, Ga. to Ark., Colo., N W Terr., Ont., “and Mass. —Sum.—fall.—Remarkable among asters for CARDUACEAE 1391 its profuse linear shining, rough- di n leaf- wens and small level-topped white heads.—A usually taller form fro a. an , with lower leaves 15-18 em long, and often denticulate, and Se rue is A. ptarmicoides georgianus. 92. A. acuminatus Michx. Stem 3-9 dm. high, pubescent or puberulent zig- zag, eorymbosely pM din ee below: leaf-blades thin, broadly ob- long or elliptic, 7-15 e ong, a imate at the apex, narrowed to a cuneate sessile base, sharply dud re ERR E pinnately ka glabrous or pubescen T above, pubescent at least on the ns beneath, low shaded plants often p s os and apres Pu ‘whorl ed: jug: severa] or numerous, 25-3 . broad: qos nearly hemis pr braets subulate- linear, i "the red uch shorter: ray-flow s 12-18; ligules narrow 19-16 mm. long, e or slightly purplish : Bi. eopious, soft and fine, very white: achene pubescent.—Moist woods, often in acid soil, Blue Ridge and more N provinees, Ga. to Ont. ap Vp n —fall.—Remarkable for its soft- pubescent, limp subviscid leaves and its decurved buds becoming erect and fragrant in flower. The ones are 5d slender A. paludosus Ait. as 3—7 dm. tall, roughish or rough-pubescent, acd cially above, slender, virgate and simple, or somewhat branched above, pale or purplish: leat -blades In acuminate or nearly so, long, entire or sparingly hack-serrate, gl S 0 rly so, rather rigid, mostly 1-veined, aeute, the er part either narrowed and sheathing or somewhat auriculate, th arg rough or ciliate: heads few or sev i e, 3— involuere broadly gre eer bracts imbricate in t 3—4 series, ciliate and pubescent, the upper half more or less foliacenus; the inner bracts very h r ear to spatulate, sometim the sam e outer bracts a acute, usually exceeding the es often thickened- me at s tip: ray-flowers 20-380; ligules deep blue-violet, 10-15 long: pappus tawny: achene oe nearly so.—Moist, sandy soil, Coastal RM and Piedmont, Ga. to N. C.— . pedionomus Alexander. Stem 3-8 dm. (rarely 1 m.) tall, from a woody cor ] n simple, but branched n ve, pale or purplish: leaf-blades linear to narrowly ped glabrous, seabrate-margined, rigid, mostly 1-veined, acute, but slightly wed at the sessile or sheathing base: heads few or several, panie eulate, 3.5 poer cds nearly hemispheric; bracts Mp m in several series, the a long and l th er linear-lance ie ‘the inner linear or slightly spatulate: ray-flowers 20-30; nu oe oe 10-20 mm. long: pappus tawny: achene somewhat pubescent. ar ry soil, sg hillsides and woods, various provinees, Fla. and Ga. to Tex., ' Kans., and Tenn—Fall. 95. A. Gattingeri Alexander. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, from a woody corm-like root- stock, glabrous, or sparingly short- Di a t above, slender and simple, pale or P leaf-blades linear, 4-12 em. long, entire, glabrous, seabrate margined, rigid, l-veined j : rrowed : BO ua d in a racemiform m e 3—4 cm. broad: lue arly hemispheric; bracts imbricate in 4—5 series, the nips Ai eaten Sab one RT the outer foliaceous abov Aa: shorter ien nner, the inner very thin, purple tipped, a; > s wide as the o 'ray-flow 05 i ligules violet, 10-12 mm. ong: pappus tawny: nates slighty p ube Me —Dry, sandy soil, Coastal Plain and adj. 2 inees, Ala., and Miss. can ——Early fall. 96. A. hemisphericus Alexander. Stem 1-7 dm. tall, from a long- -stoloniferous, wiry or woody rootstock, which usually forms colonies; glabrous, or spar sely pubescent above; slender, simple or sometimes branched in the inflorescence, 1392 CARDUACEAE pale or purplish: leaf-blades linear, linear-elliptic or Nro usually seabrate on both ud the margin especially so, acute, what n wed to a ag -clasping base: heads few P several, somewhat race miform (ra E 2 form or racemo -panieuliform), 3 cm. broad: involucre hemispheric or nearly 80; ped imbrieate in several Es many series, only the tips spreading, leather or foliaeeous, the inner much the longer, each outer series gradually becoming shorter, the outermost linear, acute, the remainder abruptly acute, the inner- most very narrow: ray-flowers 15-30; ligules blue-violet or violet, 15-25 long pappus tawny achenes somewhat pubescent.—D l, hillsides, woods S and prairies, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Kans., and Mo.—Fall ——Markedly distinct from A. pedionomus in ‘its gregarious "habit. 97. A. verutifolius p epus Stem up to 9 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so, slender and sparingly branched, purplish: leaf-blades most unusual for an Aster, with a triangular, half- sheathing e m eontraeted to a i filiform, rapier-shaped blade, 8-10 em. long, or longer, glabrous, entire very rigid: yide Pic og! on long Ru UE in a loose paniele whose ae begin far dow with a few short-peduncled heads in the leaf- axils, 3—4 em broad: po d h ond braets imbrieate in about 5 series, ae eiliolate, outer narrowly linear-aeuminate from a broad base, the inne her era " Or r narrowly elliptic vin acuminate tips: jus 20-25; ligules violet, ong: pappus tawny: achene not seen mature, but probably d M —Moist soil near Ocean CNN "Miss. —Fall. 98. A. spinulosus Chapm. Plant nearly or quite smooth to the touch, and almost without hair: stem pale, slender, 5-6 dm. high, from a short erect tuberous rootstock shaggy with marcescent leaf-bases: basal leaves tufted, very numerous, long and slender, linear and attenuate below, often 3 dm. long, with e ng or com en aap peas leaf: Ee of the ray violet, a over : em. s broader, the disk-flowers fewer and the bra de paler-margined than in 4. paludos us, which this ieee oles: ede ay awny, Doe io ie —Wet pinelands, Apalachicola roii region, N Fla um.—Unlike 4. paludosus in its smaller spicate heads, longer narrower basal leaves, more pungent upper cauline leaves and less conspicuous teeth. 99. A. eryngiifolius T. & G. Plant nearly smooth to the touch, sparsely villous above: rootstock tuberous-thickened: stem rigid, erect, 3-7 ‘am m. high, unbr ein d, s one terminal head or sometimes hb Dr due closely approximate ves grass- a linear-acute with narrowed base, the numerous basal perm i chiefly 1 dm. lon ng or less, the DI soon pues to one- third the length, subereet, subulate-linear, seile and bract-like; both set o the middle with long slender subremote subulate teeth: inv ue broadly hem herie; braets nearly of the same length h but of many series, linear- ‘subulate, of the ray 3 cm. long, tapering below , light violet, blue or white: disk-flowers very numerous: pius becoming ferru uginous in the herbarium: alveolae deep and pronounced.—Low pinelands, M Fla., and adj. Ga.—Sum 100. A. Bracei Britton. Plant perennial: stem rather wiry, 2-9 dm. upper leaves more or less spreading; blades Ru linear to linear- subulate: heads corymbose: vanes campanulate-tur inate; bracts stout, the inner ones Spr.— CARDUACEAE 1393 101. A. Chapmanii T. & G. Plant perennial: stem rigid, arising from a short caudex, PE. usually n few slender or nearly filiform branches above: leaves mainly crowded on the caudex, 1-3 dm. long, glabrous, the linear or linear-spatulate blades longer or shorter than the pid Mr d ike base, en- tire, obseurely veined in dr ; lower eauline-leaves nea ike the basal, the upper gradually reduced to subite flifoun erect ales, d subulate = MER UA heads E solitary at the ends of the branches; involu d p panu 7—8 mm. high; braets firm, e ne -lanceolate to broadly linear im em oblanceolate b acute, sometimes abru uptiy Pu inted: ray-flowers nu- merous; ligul s 1.5-2 ¢ m. long, ilet. a e glabrous.—Pineland swamps, Ap- alachicola River region, N Fla. and fare in aa. Fla.—Fall. E A. tenuifolius L. Plant penc glabrous and fleshy. Stem 3-6 dm all, flexuous, striate, d least when dry, sparingly and loosely br anched: cauline en linear, 5-15 e ong, he e, sessile, or slightly elasping at the base, the lowest jio Tin those of the branches minute, seale-like, appressed : heads rather few, 12-25 mm. broad, terminating the bra nehes: involucre tur- binate, about 8 mm. high; bracts lanceolate, acuminate or mucronate, glabrous, green on the back or tips, appressed, imbri cate in dn t 5 series, the o uter shorter: ray-flowers numerous; ligules longer than t pi. pale- purple nearly e: pappus tawny; achene hispid- pubescent, o-nerved.—Salt n d coast of Fla. to Miss. and Mass.—Sum.-fal 103. A. s El. Plant annual, glabrous, fleshy: stem 3-12 dm. tall, ide usually much-branche n Du M. usually divergent: cauline leaves lin to linear- TORRES te, ong, entire, sessile, aeute or ud Or the lower narrowly ell pie, ne mm. wide, usually petioled, ed of the branches subulate: heads nu merous, panieled, about 1 em. broa s d about 6 mm. high; braets linear- subulate, cde ed, imbrie or 4 series: ray-flowers und ADS hani those of the disk; ligule es ced E 4m long, longer than the pappus acie somewhat. pubescent.—Mcist or wet soil, especially in Bon rains, various provi me Fla. to Tex., Kans., an nd S. C.—Sum.-fall. 104. A. inconspi icuus Less. PEN annual, glabrous or obscurely glandular in the p ta stem mostly 1 m. tall or less, rather copiously ia above, the and branches flexuous: alee leaves mostly 1-1.5 dm ; blades nm or nearly. so, varying to broadest above or a. the aed aeute, shallowly oae those of the branches much n wer: heads much smaller than those A. exilis and A. su ae ie tus: mn dec 3.5-5 m high; ere linear-lanceolate to rowly linear: ray-flowers 20- more numerous than the pepe da ; ligules mostly pde -lilac, about 2 m ; long— Edges of ps d salt- marshes, Key West, Fla.—(W. I.)—Fa ae — Differs from A. pm “th umerous r ray-flowers with small — and- n A. subulatus in the pm toothed blades of the cauline leaves 105. A. subulatus Michx. Plant annual, glabrous and fleshy: stem 3-18 dm. tall, paniculately el flexuous above, slightly Ed sometimes 25 mm. in diameter at the base, but usually smaller: cauline leaves linear- aeons: 5-8 long, acute, aie sessile by a broad or slightly clasping bas , those of Nets oy small and s ubulate: oie adis s, 6-10 mm . hi ee er shorter: ray-flowers more numerous ree: the disk flowers: ae bd scarcely exceeding the nearly white, soft, copious pappus : acher ne compressed, minutely pubescent.— Salt marshes, coast of Fla. to Ala., and N. H.—5u —fall. A. spinosus Benth. Stem woody at the base, divided into striate pliable D. green branches, 1-2.5 m. tall, these branches paniculate: leaves incon- 88 1394 CARDUACEAE spicuous, those of the main branches linear or linear-spatulate, mainly 2—4 em. long, those of the Mons iere to subulate seales or obsolete, all or some of them with soft subulat SEDE ines in or above their axils: heads scattered: in- voluere n 4—4.0 mm. high; pots e late attenuate: PA flowers few; ligules idi 4 mm. long, whi chen abrous.—Sand flats, river "valley and moist soil, various a La. to Tex., and Calif.—Late —wint.— (M ez.) Ek & me 39. DOELLINGERIA Nees. Perennial, relatively tall, aster-like herbs. Leaves alternate: blades relatively broad, veiny, entire or nearly so. Heads in a terminal eorymb. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric, several-many- flowered: braets various, the inner scarcely wider than the outer but much longer. Ray-flowers few or several: corollas with a long tube and a white or cream-colored ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnelform throat and a long tube: lobes lanceolate. Pappus of 2 distinct series, the outer series of short bristles or d the inner of elongate capillary bristles.—A bout 5 species, eastern rth American.—WHITE-TOPPED ASTERS. Ray -flowers with ‘linear ligules over 10 mm. long: inner bracts E the involucre acuminate. . D.reticulata. Ray-flowers with oblong ligules less than 10 mm. long: inner bracts de. Involucral bracts acute or acutish, the inner linear, ciliate at the tip 2. D. umbellata. Involucral bcs obtuse, the inner du ipis eciliate. 3. D. humilis. Achene much flattened, ribbed, over 1 mm. wide. 4. D. infirma. 1. D. pistas (Pursh) Greene. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, fastigiate-corymbose above: blades of the upper leaves pics to obovate, n or merely acutish, reticulate: inner bracts of e 6—7 mm. lon [Aster reticulatus Pursh. d— Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.— Spr.-sum. | 2. D. umbellata (Mill) Nees. Stem 6-25 ` m. tall, corymbose above: blades of the upper leaves membranous, elliptie, usually narrowly so, or lin near lanceolate, usually acu par inner braets of the involuere 3—4 ong: pappus soft. [Aster wmbel- latus od —Shaded ae and in thickets, various provinces, Ga. to Ia., Sask., and Newf.—Sum.-fall. 3. D. humilis (Willd.) Britton. Similar D. umbellata in habit, but more stocky: blades of the upper leaves shorter, firm, elliptic, ovate, or ‘oval, ied n bracts of the involucre 4—5 mm. long: pappus soft. [ Ast er amygda lin . & G.]—Stream-banks and acid swamps, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, oh. to Tex., Pa., and N. J.—Sum.-fall. D. infirma (Michx.) Greene. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, often widely branched: ean of the upper | cde in 0 Ma varying to broadest ids or below . long: di middle, RE ie er bracts of the involucre 3—4 m ng: disk- e as 3-4 m a p nu ssi id. rast er a Michx. ]—Dry woods = banks, various poii rarely Coastal Plain, La. to Ala., Tenn., and Mas Sum.-fall. CARDUACEAE 1395 40. IONACTIS Greene. Perennial, low, rigid, widely creeping herbs. Leaves alternate: blades narrow, entire. Heads few in a corymb or rarely solitary, conspicuously radiate. Involueres eampanulate to turbinate, many- bracts narrow, the inner ones eal times longer than the outer. Ray-flowers several, with bright-colored elongate ligules. Disk- corollas yellow, with a slende Pappus of slender bristles in 2 indistinct series, the outer bristles the shorter.—Three species, North American. I. Pepe (L.) Gre Stem tufte d, 1.5-6 dm. tall, rough- pubescent: lea. blades — ‘spatula te ae i 1.5-3 long, seabro argined: ee acts of the ane narrowly linear, long: ligules Bright. Mo Or ee white, 8-15 mm. long. [Aster linariifolius L. ]— Exposed Vern dry acid woods, pe plains and pinelands, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Me AN um.— 41. ERIGERON L. Annual, biennial, or NIME eaulescent, aster-like herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes mostly basal: blades entire or toothed. Heads solitary or numerous, conspicuously PN Involueres broad, many- flowered: bracts narrow, the inner broader than the outer ones. Ray-flowers las numerous: corol with a slender tube and a narrow pink, pe purple, or white ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnelform throat and a usually shorter tube: lobes deltoid. nthers usually as long as the filaments. EUR short. Pa of numerous capillary bristles or bristles and scales.—About 130 species, widely distributed, but most abundant in America.—FLEABANES. Plant perennial often with rosulate offsets; pappus single. Heads with 30 ray-flowers or fewer: stem oe -like. I. VERNI. Heads sid 50 ray-flowers or more: stem leafy. Ray-flowers less than 75; ligules narrowly 1 linear. II. PULCHELLI. Ray-flowers over 100; ligules linear-filifor III. PHILADELPHICI. Plant annual or biennial: pappus double IV. ANNUI. J. VERNI Plant glabrous, with a corymb terminating the scape. 1. E. vernus. I. ULCHELLI Plant pubescent, with one or several large heads terminating the stem. 2. E. pulchellus. III. e Longer involucral bracts less pre 5 mm. lon ee of the ray-flowers less than 5 mm. . E. quercifolius. Longer involueral bracts over 4 n long: ligules of the ray- fl 's over 5 mm. lon EN . E. philadelphicus. Upper stem-leaves with sharply toothed blades: ray-flowers with pink, or rarely purplish or white ligules. 5. E.annuus. Upper stem-jieaves with entire blades: ray-flowers with white or rarely pale pink ligules. 6 1. E. vernus (L.) T. & G. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of the basal leaves spatulate, elliptic X or oval: ray- d. "20-30, white or . E. ramosus. 1396 CARDUACEAE pink. [Z. nudicaulis Michx.]—Moist pine- lands and shallow ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Va.—Spr.-sum. | pulchellus Michx. oe sal l obovate, patie or elliptic: outer bracts of the involucre S cent; inner bracts acuminate, 5- mm. | long: ray-flowers 50—65; ligules violet or AEE pro bluish-purple: disk- corollas 4 mm. lon NU M [5. Mi Aa Muhl.] — (Roux S-PLAN- SU & TAIN.)— = ar. various provinces, ^ | : Fla. to La. s —Spr. 3. E. quercifolius Lám. Stem 1-7 dm pubescent: blades of the Hen leaves Bec oblanceolate, or ETE p atifid or sinuate-pinnatifid: involueres manifestly pubescent; inner bracts pro longed into slender tips: ray-flowers numerous: disk-corollas '3.5-4 mm . long.— Pinelands, grassy banks, and open woods, -o Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Tenn., and S. C.— —(W. I.)—Spr.- 4. E. philadelphicus L. Stem 1-12 dm. tall, pd hirsute: blades of the basal leaves spatulate to oblong, o toothed: outer bracts of the involucre 2: minutely hispidulous; inner bracts -3 mm. long: ray-flowers 100 or more; ligules pink or e-purple: isk A 1.5-2 mm CE fields, and low pastures, ru. provinees, Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C., Ont and Lob.— —Spr.- 5. E. annuus (L.) Pers. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, pene pubescent: blades of the basal leaves ger elliptic, or lanceolate, coars sely toothed or incised: bracts o the involucre wi ith few long hairs: ligules of the pink, purplish or rarely white: disk-corollas less than half the length of the larger involucral bracts.— (DAISY-FLEABANE. SWEET- pid m places, in fields, and thickets, various provinees, Ga. to Miss. Mo., Man., and N. S.—(W TS um.—Often a weed. cent: blades of the basal ee ae e to ere. ee toothed: Tais : i : oa pi ‘ : sir igosus Muhl. E. strigosus Beyrichii A. Gray. I em e lds, and roadsides, nearly throughout N. A. —Spr.sum.— Commonly a weed. 42, LEPTILON Raf. Annual or biennial, weedy herbs. Leaves al- ternate: blades narrow, entire or o. toothed. Heads several or numer- ous, inconspie ios radiate or diseoid. volueres usually eampanulate or eylindrie, few-flowered: braets very narrow, pn inner mueh longer than the cuter ones. een ie few: corollas with a very slender tube and a minute i tube: lobes deltoid. Pappus of et brittle capillary bristles in 1 series.— About 20 species, American and Asi Inner braets of the involucre glabrous or nearly s Stem usually simple below the inflorescence: Ste -flowers with as ligules. Ste m-leaves with mainly entire or merely few-toothed e Pla nt glabrate or hirsute: involucral bracts gree throu gho ut. 1. L. canadense. CARDUACEAE 1397 re =| aaa or nearly so: involucral bracts purple tippec . L. pusillum. Stem- leaves with mainly pinnatifid or pinnatifid- -toothed bla . L. bonariense. bn 1 diffusely branched at the base: ray-flowers with pur- 1gu 2 3 4. L. REA dE Inner jupe of the involucre copiously pubescent. 5 . L. linifol l. L. canadense (L.) Britton. Stem dm. tall, paniculate above, pub- AREE or sparingly hirsute: eaf- eee spatulate t to linear or nearly so, ciliate pr d ee rus of the long: disk-corollas 25 x3 , m [Erigeron f sis E ( HORSE- VE BuT on, fields and waste places, Es Nin the U. S.— fall. m2 gall im We agii! IINE T IY rd "i. V wii LL Hee WU mmt us d LET 2. L. pusillum e Britton. Drem as in L. canadense, but rous or nearl f- EI blades narrowly drea to linear; pete: sometime TAi bra he in voluere 3—4 m ong: disk-eorollas 2.5-3 | mm. ]lon ng. Fields, roadsides, and waste- ie Fla. er La., oe ar Mass.— (WV. ? Mez., C. A., S. 4.)— —fal 3. L. bonariense (L.) Small. Similar to L. n in habit: leaf-blades finely pubescent: longer pus of the involuere 5-6 mm. long: disk-eorollas 3.5—4 mm. long.—Waste-places, Fla.—Nat. of S. Am — Spr. —fall. L. divaricatum (Miehx.) R Stem 1-3 dm. tall, diffuse, joue and somewhat cinereous: leaf- blades us linear to pue late, 1-4.5 em. long, entire: disk-eorollas less n 3 mm. long. [Erigeron divaricatus Miehx.]— Dry soil, waste- S i Ae i and fields, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Minn., and Ill.—Sum.-fall. 5. L. linifolium (Willd. Small. Stem racemose or paniculate above, 2-7 dm. tall, hirsute: pid d narrowly spatulate to linear, 1.5-10 em. long, those of the lowe eised or laciniate: disk-corollas mostly over 3 mm. long. [Erigeron linifolius will} —Waste- 1 Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. C.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) —Spr.-fall 3. BACCHARIS L. Shrubs with much- branched, sometimes fastigiate stems. Leaves alternate: blades leathery, entire or toothed. Heads dioecious, often clustered, discoid. Involucres ovoid to campanulat any-flowered: braets of the staminate involuere smaller than those of the SRI. Corollas greenish, various, those of the staminate with a funnelform throat and a long tube, the lobes need: those of the pistilate flowers filiform or slightly ^u- larged upward. Pappus of the staminate flowers shorter than that of the pistil- late. Achenes nearly terete, many-ribbed, glabrous.—About 300 species, Ameri- Leaf-blades broadest above the middle. eaf-blades entire 1. B. dioica. Leaf-blades eene toothed. Inner bracts of the o involucres acute: heads in pe panicled eluste 2. B. halimifolia. Inner bracts of the pistillate involucres obtuse: heads in sessile S nearly sessile axillary clusters. 3. B. dere Leaf-blades narrowly linear. 4. B. angustifol 1398 CARDUACEAE : B. dioica Vahl. Shrub 8-25 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate, often broadly , to obovate-spatul 1-3 em. long: pistillate involucres with ovate-obtuse outer bracts and Tuned Maneeolate acuminate r braets: achene 1-1.5 mm. long.—Ham mocks, Everglade UM Fla.— (W. I. \—All 2, B. halimifolia L. Shrub 9-40 dm. tall, resinous: leaf-blades ee to e llip- i hem, at and Mass.—(W. I., Mex., C. A.)— — Sum. -fall. 3. B. glom piace rs. Shrub 8-30 dm tall, barely resinous: leaf-blades spatulate to cuneate obovate, 2-5 cm. long, often oo e othed: pistillate m 5-6 m ong; inner braets oblong- e 1.5 mm. long.—Salt-marshes dud Eu poe Plain, Fla. to N .C. a 2d puede in the BONO of the Fla. peninsula— (IV. I.)— —Fa ll- wint. or all year S. B. angustifolia Michx. Shrub 5-25 dm. tall, resinous: leaf-blades nar- rowly linear, 1-8 em. long, entire or nearly so: pistillate involueres 4—5 mm. long; inner bracts ena achene 1-1.5 mm. long.—(FALSE-WILLOW.)—Salt marshes, brackish swam and low hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C— —(W. I.)—Fall or a vear S 44. PLUCHEA Cass. Herbs with often conspicuously pubescent and cam- phor-scented foliage, or shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades usually toothed, often prominently veined. Heads borne in corymb-like or glomerate cymes. In- volueres turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, rather many-flowered: bracts unequal, the inner much longer and much narrower than the outer. Flowers pink to rose-purple. Pistillate flowers marginal: corollas ie Perfect flowers central: corollas with a funnelform or campanulate throat: lobes tri- angular lanceolate. Pappus a single series of capillary bristles —About 35 species, in warm and temperate regions.—MARSH-FLEABANES. Plant perennial. Leaf-blades entire: stem wo ody. I. ODORATAFE. Leaf-blades toothed : stem here BUE II. FOETIDAE. Plant annual. Leaves not decurrent, the stem terete, not winged. III. CAMPHORATAE eaves decurrent, the stem thus winged. IV. Sects TEN: I. ODORATAE Shrubby much-branched plant with heads in erect rather dense corymbs. 1. P. odorata. FOETIDAE Outer braets of the involucres acuminate. Leaf-blades broad at the base, and cordate-clasping. 2. P. foetida. Leaf-blades acute or merely rounded at the base, not clasp- 3. P. tenuifolia. ng. Outer TIE of the involucres obtuse or merely acute. pp d white: upper stem-leaves little shorter than the 4, P. longifolia, Pus buff: upper stem-leaves much shorter than the . lower. 5. P. imbricata. CARDUACEAE 1399 III. CAMPHORATAE Bracts of the involucre thin, sparingly pubescent. 6. P. petiolata. Braets of the pu din. thick, densely pubescen e. cres 4-5 mm. high; inner bracts Sbrubdy Cd UNE y ME con EM ALTE Involuecres 6-8 im . high; inner bracts long-acuminate. 8. P. camphorata IV. SUBDECURRENTES Erect herb with corymbosely branched stem, the branches winged as well as the stem : leaf-blades shallowly toothed. 9. P. Quitoc. 1. P. odorata Cass. Plant mostly 1 m. tall or less: leaf-blades elliptic or nearly so, 8-15 cm. long: inner bracts of the involueres 3.5—4 mm. long, obtuse. Hammock pom ——— L3 € Ia —— [Ir = Soon - H mos : az "tu ene tA tyes Pa moc and the Ke Meg., C. A., 8. 4A.) —Spr.-sum P. foetida (L.) DC. Plant 3-10 dm MN sty o d or ovate, 3 š veined, denticulate or Ru S T om- inently gland-tipped teeth: inner b of the involucre mostly 4-5 mm. long. [P. bifrons DC.]—Low grounds and shallow ponds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. Mo., and N. J—(W. I. Mez.)— Spr.-sum. or all year 3. P. tenuifolia Small. Plant 4-11 dm. tall, Au — thinly iubens ent: leaf-blades elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 4—12 ong, thin, finely veined, sharply and coarsely serrate with sli ightly PURIS ed inner braets of the La.—Sum.-fall. involuere 5-6 mm. long.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to 4. P. longifolia Nash. Plant 6-10 dm. tall: leaf- oe elliptic, 5-16 cm. long: os bracts of the involucre 7-19 mm. long: staminate corollas 6.5—7.5 —Swamps, Fla.—Sum. 5. P. imbricata (Kearney) pem Plant 9-25 dm. tall: leaf-blades ov dd elliptie to iur pedi ovate, 3-6 cm. long: inner bracts of the involucre 6-7 m long: staminate corollas 5-6 mm. ong ——Swamps and pond-borders, Coastal Plain, Fla. 35 Ga. and S. C.—Sum.-fal E P. petiolata Cass. Plant t 5-12 dm. tall: leaf- a mainly elliptic, 8-25 . long: outer bracts of the involucre ovate; intermediate bracts acuminate. [P. oe DC. E om Duc swamps and dd various provinces, Fla. to , Kans. and —Sum.—fall. du UP. eerie Su DC. Plant 3-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades Mic lanie eos n 7 elliptic, 4-10 c long: outer a c the involucre ovate, acute; inter e bracts dup. pointed.—Ham s and moist sandy thickets, "Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.—(W. I., Mer., E A., S. A.)—Sum.-fall. 8. P. camphorata (L.) DC. Plant 3-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic or lanceolate, 3—15 cm. long: outer bracts of the involucre elliptic, acute: inter- mediate bracts e —Salt marshes, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Pla: to Tex. and Mass.—(Mex.) P. Quitoc DC. Plant 7-20 dm. tall: leaf- uie d elliptic, it late or linear-lanceolate, E 16 em. long: outer braets of the involuere obtu Marsh places, W Fla.—Nat. of trop. Am.—Spr.—fa "n à 1400 CARDUACEAE P. adnata (H. & B.) C. Mohr, Mexiean, with winged stem and branches: nar- rowly laneeolate leaf-blades; lanceolate- -acuminate involucral bracts; and said to have a perennial rootstock has been reported as adventive on ballast in Ala. 45. CHSIA Griseb. Perennial, inconspicuously pubescent, slender herbs. Leaves alternate, mostly basal: blades toothed. Heads scattered in open corymbs. Involucres campanulate: bracts very unequal, the inner much longer and somewhat narrower than the outer. Flowers yellow, the ipid marginal: corollas fili- form. Per wer la t flo central: corol r- À rowly E funnelform: lobes ovate. Pap- pus a single series of icd slender bristles. —Four species, West India S. bahamensis Urban. Plant 1-6 dm. tall; eae of the et leaves firm, spatu- lat long, those of the stem-leaves mu ic ade unt E braets various, the outer membra ~ inner chaffy, 5-6 mm. long, very narr aly “lin o 2.5 mm. long.—Pine eer iverglade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys. (W. I.)—Spr.-sum, 46. PTEROCAULON Ell. Perennial, tomentose or woolly, stout herbs. ns alternate: blades entire or shallowly toothed, decurrent. Heads borne ontiguous or separated glomerate cymes Mur eres rather narrow, densely Aono bracts unequal, the inner narrower than the outer. Pistillate flowers marginal: corollas filiform. Perfect flowers centr i corollas with a funnelform throat and a of Nic bristles. SO dit id Cass.] t 12 species, mostly American 1. P. undulatum (Walt. C. Mohr. Plant 2-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic to rd late, 4—12 em, long, undulate: pii 0-4 mm. high: flowers whitish or cream, lobes. d the staminate corollas linear.— [P. pycnostachya (Michx.) 1. ]—(Br oor.)—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.-fall — The "thick k black root gives this plant its common name. 47. ANTENNARIA Gaertn. Perennial woolly, stoloniferous herbs. Leaves epee, those of the short caudex different from those of the flower- g stem: blades entire. Heads in a terminal cluster, or rarely solitary. In volueres lub e to campanulate, many-flowered: bracts with petaloid tips, those of the ae involueres larger than those of the pistillate. Flowers whitish, dioecious or polygamo-dioecious. Pappus-bristles united at the base.— CARDUACEAE 1401 About 50 species, natives of the north temperate zone and southern South America.—Spr.— EVERLASTINGS. LADIES '-TOBACCOS. Heads corymbose or racemose: stolons more or less ascending and distantly leafy, their leaves gradually increasing in size towards the ends, with oblanceolate or spatulate blades. Pistillate heads 6-8 mm. hi igh : staminate Em 5-7 mm. high. Blades of the basal 1 leaves obovate or ov 1. A. P ous Blades of the basal leaves oblanceolate. 2. A. carolinia pee heads 9-12 mm. high: staminate heads 6-8 mm. Blades of the basal leaves broadest below the middle, ge subcoriaceous: pistillate heads rather long- peduncled, in age often racemose Er of the basal leaves mostly broadest above the m thin: pistillate heads short-peduncled, orym Heads ouy. sions prostrate, their leaves, except those of e rmn rosette, with small or inconspicuous linear 3. A. calophylla. 4. A. fallax. D. A. solitaria. A. p inifolia (L.) Richards. Basal leaves 5-9 long; blades "de bises the petioles, 1.5—4 cm d oí floccose, but. in age radiate ate —Dry soil, various Dione Fla. pex Me. 1 rae and —Spr.—A. nemor h E Tenn. with thinner more rounded leaf -blades may Ms here; pistillate plant unknown. flowering stem of pistillate plants 6-20 em tall of the staminate Fe em. tall: pistil- late heads corymbose, 6-8 mm. high, floccose at the base; braets ERN lanceolate, acute, p A. decipiens Greene A. arkansana Greene] l 2. A. caroliniana paige Basal leaves 4-8 em. long; blades often longer than the petioles, 1-2 cm. Le loosely nd but soon glabrate above, white- tomentose M oblanceolate, rounded to acutish at the apex, ciun ly tapering at the base, distine etly 3- ribbe d; blades of the stem-leaves linear- n : lanceolate, acuminate meis d. stem 1-1.5 dm. tall: he ads cuti ud e, Short- peduneled; the pistillate 6—7 m br fates den linear- lanceolate, 2 greenish or brownish below whit at t ; Staminate heads tip; abou high, their braets yellowish, with clliptie, Girne. white tips.—Dry soil nm Plain and Piedmont, Ala. to S. C.—Spr. 3. A. calophylla Greene. NS us leaves 5—10 cm. long: blades usually as long as the petioles, 2-5 em. long, loosely floceose above, but glabrate in age, finely and densel white-tomentose beneath, broadly ovate or all middle contracted at the base, subcoria aceous. in age, earn 3—5-ribbed: blades of es vA linear-lanceolate, acuminate: flow ing stems of pistillate plants 3—4 all: h 0-12 mm high, corymb a r ften racem the peduncles 1-3 cm. 1 bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, acuminate, he b at the tip: minate 7-8 mm. high, dark-brown below, with elliptic or oval white tips.—Wooded hills, M n ‘provinces, La. (or Ga. 2) to Okla., Ill., and Ky.— ‘Spr. 1402 CARDUACEAE A E fallax age Basal leaves 5-9 cm. long; blades sometimes shorter n the petioles, 2-4 cm. wide, loosely floecose and glabrate above, densely and closely e tomentose beneath, obovate-spatulate, rounded and mueronate r aeutish at pex uptly narrowed at the base, distinctly 3—5-ribbed blades of the stem-leaves linear-lanceolate, aeuminate: flowering stem of pistil- late ns s e tall, that of the staminate 1—1.5 dm. tall: pistillate heads 9-12 mm. high, corymbose, the peduncles rarely 2 em. long; bracts of the c em linear- "lanceolate, acuminate, brownish e Mens at the tip: stami- nate heads 6-7 mm. high, corymbose, their rasta ight-brown or greenish-brown pde the elliptie ped white tips. [4.4 ns (Greene) Fernald. Deb ods fields, v m provinces, rarely Coastal a Ga. to Mo., Minn., and The leaf-blades are broader and more rounded at the apex in "the SEN form than in the no Dnm 5. A. solitaria Rydb. Basal leaves 4-10 em. long; blades much longer than the Pe 1.5-4 em. wide, somewhat floccose above when young, in age minutely tomentulose beneath, obovate to oblanceolate-spatulate, ree att apex, distinctly 3—ribbed; blades of the stem-leaves linear to elli ipti ed tall: hea attenuate, pu us is own exeept the ver pu un es heads smaller; braets often wine-colored, i the brownish-white spatulate ips.—Wooded slopes, often in rather acid soil, coma Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to La., Ind., and a ï. 48. ANAPHALIS DC. Perennial, M cai bp ereet herbs. Leaves alternate: blades narrow, entire. Heads terminal corymb. app producing flowers distinct, that of the sterile flowers not thickened at the apex.—About 35 species, natives of the north temperate zone. l. A. margaritacea (L.) Ben & Hook. Plant woolly, 2-8.5 dm tall: dus e linear , 5-15 m. long, attenu- te: involueres pearly white; outer bracts elliptic, th er spatulate: staminate corollas lon ( Y-EVER- mm ng.—( PEARL LASTING.)—Dry woods, hillsides, and clear- ings, in sterile and often somewhat acid soil, various provinces, in Coastal Plain only N, N. C. to Alas., Ont., and Newf. 49. GNAPHALIUM L. Annual, biennial, or perennial, pubescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire, sometimes decurrent. Heads in open or glo- merate cymes, panicles, or corymbs. Involucres ovoid to cylindric, several- an many-flowered: bracts various, the inner longer and es narro t th outer. Flowers white or cream. Pistillate flowe ers inal: corollas filiform. Perfect flowers central: PEN with a cylindric- id ada throat and a slender tube: lobes ovate to d toid. Anthers mostly longer than the filaments. Fappus a series of M iE ists —About 120 species, widely distributed.— Sum.—CUDWEEDS. EVERLASTI Pa CARDUACEAE 1403 Pappus-bristles distinct, falling away separately : achene glabrous. I. ORTUSIFOLIA. Pappus-bristles united at the base, falling away together: achene pubescent. II. PURPUREA. I. OBTUSIFOLIA Leaf-blades merely sessile. Foliage pubescent, not viscid. 1. G. FER aida Foliage fiandular -viscid. 2. G. Hel Leaf-blades decurrent on the stem. 3. G. rem II. PURPUREA Leaf-blades manifestly more pubescent beneath than above, spatulate, sometimes broadly so. Leaf-blades thin: stem cobwebby: involucre-elusters co- piously woolly 4. G. spathulatum. Leaf-blades thick : -stem E une woolly or felty: involucre- clusters sparingly woolly. 5. G. purpureum. ces almost SML Md pubescent on 213 sides, linear- atulate below, linear or mostly so abov 6. G. falcatum. G. obtusifolium L. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: eauline leaves 2-10 em. long; eoa elliptic-linear to UR En DUREE nenne glabrous or glabrate: heads W | | NANA oe R ay ez | tal een 2 : : = high ; outer bracts acute. [G. decurrens Ives, not tL. ] Dry soil, oo of Due and clearings, Blue Eee and more N provinces, Tenn. to Tex., Ariz., B. C., S., and Pa.—Sum.-fal corym M od -panieulate nvolue high; ner bracts | ave 5 e. pu Miehx.] — ABBIT-TOBACCO.)— ds, Ids, and thickets, various D inces, Fla. to Te x; Man., and N. S. fall. 2. G. Helleri Britton. Plant 2-9 ote tall: i a s Ku unda 3-11 em. long: 5-6 hi outer eee ob- a. S no weeds sere provinces, Ga. to Miss. | Ky, and N. J. popu fall. 4, spathulatum ra Plant thinly gray-pubescent, 2-4 dm. tall: leaf- blades spatulate, 2-8 em. long: outer bracts of the involucre broadly linear.— te-places, cult. gr outs roadsides, and pastures, Coastal Plain and Pied- Hen Fla. to Tex— (W. I. )—Spr. —fal G. purpureum L. Plant white-woolly or silvery, 1-4 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate to linear, 2-8 cm. long: heads in sessile axillary clusters, these in virgate o outer bracts of the Pe elliptie.—W oods, cult. grounds, d pp d. various s provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Me.—(W. I., Uo “e: á., S. A.)—Spr G. falcatum Lam. Plant more slender than in G. purpureum, Ri m -woolly, 1—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades usd Mi to linear, 2-6 c r bracts of the involuere elliptic- —Pinelands and cult. AERA Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. D "Te ex. and Tenn.—(S. 4.)—4A1l year. G. uliginosum L. related to the species of group I in its distinct pappus. bristles; differing from them in its low diffuse UM and the a © capitate inflorescence, has been reported from Ten FACELIS Cass. Annual, small, pubescent herbs. Leaves alternate: arene narrow, entire. Heads borne in the axils or in terminal clusters. In- inner bracts much narrower and longer than out Flowers whitish, the pistillate flowers marginal: corollas slender, truncate erfec numerous very long capillary bristles con- ereted at the base.—About 3 species, South American. 1. F. apiculata Cass. Plant 2-20 cm. tall, lanate: Ps doi. eed spatulate t t8 linear, long: involuere nar bracts 5-7. o mm. long: achene pedi D. Saad ides ree waste- Db Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Fla., Ala., and Ga.—Nat. of S S. —Sum.—fal GIFOLA Cass. Annual, caulescent herbs uus xod: Pene alternate: blades narrow, entire. Heads discoid, in small dense, some- times diria clusters. Involucres nar- se : bracts scarious, in several series. ane en subulate to conie, chaffy. ers whitish, the pistilate marginal, fruit- producing, with filiform corollas and rudi- mentary or no pappus. Perfect flowers cen- tral, few, with tubular corollas and capillary pappus. Anthers sagittate at the base. Achene terete or slightly flattened.—About 10 species, in warm and temperate regions. an 1. G. germanica (L.) peta Ms sil- very-p , 5-35 em. tall stem or branches usually proliferous UU leaves numerous, erect; blades lanceolate to linear, 1-2 cem. long, acute: involucre -3.5 mm. high; bracts ovate-lanceolate to age eee acumi PA ee cuspidate: achene about 0.8 mm. long.—(HERBA-IMPIA. meres -ROSE.)— fields Rie m -places, varions provinces, Ga. to N. Y.— of Eu.—Spr fall INOPSIS T. & G. Annual or sometimes un woolly herbs. po alternate: blades entire, commonly narrow. Heads in dense involuerate clusters, discoid. n agr broad: inner bracts longer than the outer (Qi le ones. Flowers whitish, the pistilate margi- nal, with filiform corollas. Perfect flowers few: corollas with a cylindraceous or nar- rowly funnelform throat and a narrow tube. appus wanting.—About 12 species, natives of warm and temperate regions. F. nivea Small. Plant 2-15 cm. tall, whitish: ed blades E to opu iic aA | late, 5-12 mm. long: bracts of the involucre WX bar arely 2 mm. ae or en pce pe as less than 1.5 mm. long. [Filago nivea 1404 CARDUACEAE volueres ellipsoid to ovoid, few-flowered: | TR CARDUACEAE 1405 l.]—(PovERTY-WEED. RABBIT-TOBACCO.)—Dry plains or 7 soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Tex. Naturalized E.—Spr.- 53. INULA L. Perennial, often large, pale-pubescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades broad, toothed, often clasping. Heads in open panicles or corymbs, ann long peduneles, usually showy. Involuere hemispheric, very many-flowered: bracts, at least the outer ones broad, somewhat foliaceous. Ray-flowers numerous: corollas with a long tube and a narrow elongate yellow ligule. Disk-flowers numerous: corolla with narrowly funnelform throat above a narrow tube with a dilated base: lobes lanceolate. Anthers longer than the filaments. Achene columnar, ribbed. Pap- pus of several or many ecapilldry scabrous bristles.—About 90 species, Eurasi and African lenium L. Stem, 2 m. tall or less, te o oval, e inner m Lr about 2 em. long: ligules yellow, narrowly linear, 2-3 em. long: achen ong, finely ribbed.—( ELECAMPANE. wo fencer -TOWS, d Adde, various province N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Mo., Ont a N.S. Nat. of Eu—Sum 54. VICOA Cass. Annual or perennial herbs with much-branched stems. Leaves alternate: blades narrow, shallowly toothed, at least the upper ones auricled at the ase and clasping. Heads several or numerous, often radiate, rather Ap led. Involucre hemispheric-campanu late, many-flowered: bracts very narrow, numerous ay-flowers few: eorolla with a very slender tube and a or rather n ligule. Disk- flowers numerous: corolla with a slender tube and an elongate cylindric throat: lobes triangular-lanceolate. Anthers longer than the filaments. Achene cylindric, not ribbed. Pappus of few capillary bristles—About 8 species, Asiatic and African. l. V. auriculata C Annual, 1 m. tall r less, widely branched, finely pubescent a artly viscid ride e laneeolate to elliptic-lanceolate, - .1l 0 toothed: heads ones involuere 4—4.5 acumin ate, sparingly P pubescent, ciliate: ligules yellow, rather ob- cuneate, about 3 m ong: achene about 0.8 mm. long, pubescent: pappus- 1406 | CARDUACEAE bristles several times longer than the achene.—Waste-plaees and roadsides, WwW Fla. Nat. of E. I.—Sum. 55. ULARIA Godr. & Gren. Perennial, much-branched, partly woody plants. Leaves alternate: blades rather narrow, toothed, clasping, more or less kon at the base. Heads numer- ous, nieled, short-pedunecled. Involucre Bd Me many-flowered: braets narrow, coroll h of a cylindric-ellipsoid type, not ribbed. Pappus of several capillary scabrous bristles. —About 3 species, Eurasian and African. 1. C. viscosa (Ait.) Godr. & Gren. Ste 1 m. tall or less, chap bes e leaf- blades elliptic to lanceolate or linear lanceolate, 2-12 ¢ ong, serrate, sessile: involucre 8-9 mm. high, gla andular ; m. cts ovate to Fae or linear-spatulate, the inner 6-7 mm. long, short-acumi- e: ligules yellow, Re s 1 mm. lon ng: achene narrowly ellipsoid or slightly is Te upward, abou . long, finely pubescent.—Roadsides and waste- places, W Fla. N at. of "giu. Sum fall. 56. SMALLANTHUS Mackenzie. Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite: blades very broad, palmately veined. Heads conspicuously radiate. Involuere large, the outer series of bracts folia- eeous, the inner narrower. Ray-flowers conspicuous, the corollas with pubescent tubes and don ng yellow ligules. Disk-flow- ers i short abortive ovaries, the corol- t with cylindraceous throats and short, ciliate lobes. Stigma slender, 2o DaS under the appendage. Achene somewhat laterally compressed, oblique, finely striate. —One species. OS. SS € = = Z 27 "14 kez ATM Satt MENS 1. S. Uvedalia (L. ) Mackenzie. Stem 1 t ` ` N K7 r angled: ovate to elliptic, es mm. long: ray-flowers with yellow ligules 15-20 m long: achene 5-6 long. Pa Uvedalia (L.) Small]— (BEAR. FOOT. )—Rich soil, edges of woods, thickets, and stream-banks, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo. . Y.—Sum.—fall. 57. POLYMNIA L. Perennial, widely D inenen herbs. Leaves op- posite or mainly so: blades broad, pinnately veined. Heads adu Rd radiate. Involucre small, double, the outer series of bracts loose, the inner ones variously shaped. Ray-flowers inconspicuous, the corollas i pubescent CARDUACEAE 1407 tubes and white, greenish, or pale-yellow, wide ligules. Disk-flowers with long abortive ovaries, the corollas with broadly funnelform ads and relatively Sti h long, ciliate lobes igma stout, thickened under the tip. nther-body eae than the appendage. Achene slightly mu not oblique, cibbed, with a rounded tip. Pappus wanting.—About 10 species, Bar du cR iieudn PS Foliage manifestly or copiously pubescent: achene 3-ribbed or angled. Ray lon 1 -flowers evident; ligules 5~10 mm. long. . P. radiata R wers inconspicuous ; ligules 1-2 mm. lon D canadensis. Foliage glabrous or the stem with merely a nodes: achene 5-ribbed. 3. P. laevigata. radiata (A. Gray) Small. Stem 5-15 dm. tall: leaves 1.5-3 dm. lon g; blades “elliptic to oval or elliptic-ovate: intermediate bracts of the involucre long-acuminate: ligules of the ray ins conspicuous cuneate to oval- rA b achene about 5 mm. long, sharp-angled.— Rich woods, often over E roeks, s provinees N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to p ges a N. Y. . P. canadensis L. Stem 5-15 dm. tall: leaves 1-2 dm. long; blades elliptie, MA ovate: intermediate o of the lue eost -acuminate: ligules of the pus greenish As Mercer ineonspieuous, PE ae mis achene 3 mm. lon ang led a pde s ravines, ‘ties, and aul us provinces, rarely Coa tal Plain, La. to Mo., Ont., and Vt. P. laevigata Beadle. Stem 5-12 dm. tall: leaves 1-2.5 dm. long; blades oval to ovate or deltoid: intermediate bracts of the e acute: ligules of the ray, white, broad: achene barely 3 mm long.—Mt. Tos in somewhat acid soil over ‘siliceous ated Apnea: Plateau, Ga. 2d Ten 58. ACANTHOSPERMUM Schrank. Annual, coarse herbs. Leaves opposite: blades broad, toothed. Heads un dier oe radiate. Involuere Pih bracts of the inner series becoming bur-like, each one surrounding an ene. Ligu los of the ray-corollas concave or hooded, deed inconspicuous ui short pubeseent tubes. Disk flowers with long abortive ovaries, the corollas with campanulate throats. short tubes, and lobes. Achene slightly flattened, fusiform or obovoid, smooth. Pappus wanting.—About 3 species, tropical American.—Spr.—fall Involucral bracts uni iformly prickly : oan not broadly winged. 1. A. australe. Es dem wing-petioled, incised: involucral bracts 3-4 mm. 2. A. humile. ion ae sessile by a cuneate base: involucral bracts 4-5 . lon 3. A. hispidum, A. australe (L.) Kuntze. Stem branched at the base, the branches prostrate or creeping: leaf-blades ovate, oval, or rhombic, 1-2.5 em. long: disk- 1408 CARDUACEAE iUos about 2 d long: mature involuere starfish-like.—Pinelands, waste-grounds, and roadsides, Coastal Plain DA aa Fla. to La., and Va. Nat. of trop. A 2. A. humile (Sw.) DC. Stem or branches erect or ascending: leaf- blades prd das on dis A. ps DC. Stem erect, 1 m. tall or Ee widely cuc leaf-blades ovate, liptie, or oval, 3-5 m. long, obtuse, ied lowly toothed, Con omis pubeseent, mor r less euneate at the base, m involuere eampanulate: braets (outer) ‘elliptic to ovate, long-ciliate: mature involucre similar to those of A. humile.—Roadsi des, dd ands, and ue Bod Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala., and Ga. Nat. of Am.—(W. I., Mer, C. A., S. A.). 59. SILPHIU Perennial, erect, usually large herbs. Leaves al- ternate or opposite: L. blades entire, toothed, or dnd or pedately parted, cre campanulate or hemi- ‘i Ligules of the ray- tube Disk-flowers with seek tubes, dude throats, and short lobes. Achene conspicuously a winged. Pappus of two awns beside the apical teeth of the wings, which usually form a U- or V-shaped sinus, or wanting. —More than 30 species, North American.—ROSIN-WEEDS. S erect. Spherie, many-flowered: bra cis e relatively m. corollas yellow or rarely white, den A , the ort. ROSIN-PLANT wr E or their petiole-like bases connate-perfoliate: stem square, sharply led. I. PERFOLIATA. Leaf- blades n connate-perfoliate : stem terete or obtusely uadran Plants Br. Scape flower-stems, the leaves ba r the base of the stem E leaf-blades pinnately or pedately parted or lobed, or very coarsely toothed. Heads borne in a raceme 2 m to e stem, very large, the involucre 3—4 cm. wide. Heads borne in terminal effuse or diffuse panicles, or Mo c solitary, relatively small, the involuere II. LACINIATA. —3 c e. III. COMPOSITA. Plants with leafy flower-stems : leaf-blades toothed or en- re. Bracts of 2r involucre ciliate, otherwise glabrous or nearly s Bracts of the involucre with pubescent surfaces as well as ciliate margins. IV. DENTATA. V. INTEGRIFOLIA. I. PERFOLIAT Tal often much-branched plant, with a sour - and finely rough-pubescent toothed leaf-blades 1. S. perfoliatum. LACINIATA bi with yellow ligules: Wines of the achene pro- onged into short lacerate teeth. 2. S. laciniatum. III. Composit Penne. TOM small, the involucre less us 2 em. Blades of the basal leaves coarsely toothed or some- imes also “shallowly lobed. 3. S. reniforme. CARDUACEAE Blades of the basal leaves deeply lobed or parted: Blades oH pedately lobed: involucre about 1. em. Blades s pinnately lobed or pinnate: involucre 1-1.5 Heads small; involucre about 1 mm. broad. Leaf-blades very scabrous: bracts of the involucre with spreading or recurved tips. Leaf-blades smooth or nearly so: bracts of the involucre with erect or appressed tips. Heads rather large: involucre about 2 em. broad. Basal a with Pu as long as the ades longer: apical tips of the Achene me obtus Basal leaves with Dooies oy half as long as the blades: eal tips of the achene-wings acute. Heads large, the involucre e 2 em. broad: ligules of e ray-flowers 1. Cu long Leaf-blades merely t oothed. uter bracts of the involucre broader than long: leaf-blades narrowed at the base Outer bracts of the involucre aé than broad: leaf-blades cordate. Leaf-blades pinnatifid, except a form with narrow undulate-toothed or undulate leaf-blades, IV. DENTATA Leaves, at least on the lower part of the stem, whorled in threes. Leaves alternate or opposite, often both on the same plant. Blades of the basal and lower V leaves narrowed a e base; those of the upper cauline leaves short-petioled or sessile, Stem smooth and glabrous or essentially so, ex- cept sometimes near the to Leaf-blades smooth ex slightly scabrous. Leaves regularly disposed along the stem; blades smoo Leaves "nainiy crowded at the base of the stem ; blades seabrous nr is edges. Leaf-blades very POEM pubes Leaf-blades entir the margins, or Leaf-bl see coarsely toothed. Stem e ent. Lea mam cauli ine, often numerous on the ot haped sinus at the top, wings produced into two teeth above the Leaves a ous, usually scattered along “the pe ofte en rallies close together; blades short-petioled or sessile. Leaves few, usually remote on the stem ; blades of the upper ones, m petiole- like b wer ones more or 1 a Achene truncate at the apex, the very nar- rov wings not produced into teeth at the ex. leno: mainly basal or approximate at the base of the stem, the stem with few re- mote opposite or alternate leaves, often oe -like: achenes with large api ical Blades” toothed: achenes 7-8 m ng. Blades of the a leaves v toothed : achenes 9-10 m ng. m of the basal and low ra cauliüs leaves cordate r truncate at the base; those of the upper elie leaves manifestly petioled. 89 the basal enn Acn coarsely 1409 . S. compositum. e Uo . lapsuum. . S. orae. T. S. ovatifolium. oo e . S. venosum. . S. rumicifolium. 10. S. terebinthinaceum. 11. S. pinnatifidum. n bo . S. térifoliatum. 13. S. glabrum. 14. S. confertifolium. 15. S. Elliottii, 16. S. dentatum. | 17. S. Asteriscus. v RA 22. S. Simpsonii. . S. nodum. S. incisum. . S. gracile. S. brachiatum. 1410. CARDUACEAE babe ite: Stem pubescent with short, stiff hai often very rough. Upper leaves sessile, cordate or ae Achenes with very short apical tec i the sinus broadly U-shaped. 23. S. asperrimum. Bo es with long apical teeth, the sinus narrowly aped. 24. S. integrifolium. MR leaves narrowed or rounded at the base, short pe 25. S. scaberrimum. Stem ES t east above, and involucral braets shaggy-hispid spl Dolac bracts appressed towards the base: leaf- blades relatively narrow 26. S. Gatesii. Involucral bracts loose and spreading: leaf-blades relatively broad. (. S. Mohrii. 1. S. e L. Stem 8-26 dm. tall, often er aboy oth and glabrou pee blades jube to ovate, 2- 6 dm. long, dentate- RE SUC i n us owed into is ad petiole-like. bases: heads mobs involuere 1-2 c igh, posi than high; braets pts lanceolate or oval, subreniform, or the inn broadly spatulate or cuneate: ray-flow nus mostly 15-25; ligules bright yellow, 2.5—3 em. l achen ong: a obovate, narrowly winged, lo 2 emarginate by slight pro- T of the w at the apex - PLANT.)—Prairies and moist soil, various provinces, Ga. to La., Ont., and Neb. Also naturalized E.—Sum . S. laciniatum L. Stem 10-35 dm. tall, coarsely hispid: blades of the o leaves ovate to elliptie in outline, 10—40 em. lon the segments lanceolate to linear, m re or pinnatifid, ii dilated bases of the petioles often pinnatifid: heads showy: involucre 2.5-3 em. high; bracts pied e - a rs numerous; Nue yellow, 3-5.5 e ong: ud oval-obovate Rie 12-15 long, the wings a forming shallow apical n m OMPASS- a RosIN-WEED.)—Prairies, various poni. Ala. Tex., S. Dak., and Ohio.—Sum S. reniforme Raf. Stem 8-20 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of the basal leaves ovate to reniform, 10—35 em. long, obtuse, coarsely dentate, deeply cordate at th ee petioles longer than the blades on the lower part of th involuere cam , 6-8 gh; br e or broadi elliptie js elliptie, pn otherwise glabrous, the obtuse tips spreading or re- curved: ray-flo vic eral; A ules yello w, 1-1.5 em. long: ac chene E or orbicular-obova o long; wing-tips forming a shallow ees sinus.— Dry or stony soil, "Blue Ridge, N. C. and d nn shale slopes, Va.— 4, S. compositum Michx. Stem 9-20 dm. tall, glabrous, glaucous: blades of the basal leaves 10—30 em. long, not conspicuously veined, mostly somewhat pedately parted, the segments broad; pe etioles ge than the midribs: heads often numerous: in d eampanulate, 7-8 m um br d ovate to broadly ips erec several; ligules bright yellow 1 mm. ong: ne a eate or cuneate- | obovate, 7—9 mm. long, the wing- tips broad, erose, pests a U-shaped ae si poen] wood and pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., and N. C.—Sum.—fall. CARDUACEAE 1411 S. lapsuum er Stem 9-22 dm. tall , glabrous, green or glaucescent: blades of the basal leaves es ifid or pi € parted, the segments coarsely toothed or pinnatifid, usu ery scabrous on both sides, the lower c often m. -stalked: heads few pi several: involuere hemisphere 8—10 high; aets 'orbieular-ovate to obovate or orbieular-obovate, hie. ziliolate, often un the tips spreading or recurved: ray-flowers mostly 6-8; ligules 8-1 ; long: vate, 8-0 mm. lo j o. B U-shaped sinus. Sandhills and oak-woods, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, near the Fall Line, Ga., and 8. C.—Sum S. orae Small. Stem 6-21 dm. tall, glabrous, glaueeseent: blades of the ap 3 N y yellow, 11-16 mm. long: achene obovate to iu e M e, 6-7 mm. long, the wing-tips toothed, forming a small U-shaped sinus at the top — Sa ndy woods, Coastal Plain, S. C. to N. C.—Sum k S. ovatifolium (T. & G.) Small. Stem 5-20 dm. tall, glabrous or eid 0, m blades of the basal leaves ovate to elliptie-ovate, 10—30 e long o ely lobed or ri parted, the Sidi ba toothed, rou ded a or rM longer than midribs on the low pr of the : involuere em m or hemisph m campanu late, about I? high; eges ovate to ud a or elliptic-obovate, ciliolate, rounded 5) the Ds the tips erect or nearly so: ray- Todd several; ligules yellow, 1—1.5 em. long: achene sub- cd about 10 mm. broad; "the wi ing-tips urn bum footed. pes a usually y- -shaped sinus ae ey od Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ga.—Spr.-sum. S. venosum Small. Stem.8-12 dm. tall, zin or nearly so, glaucous blades of the basal leaves ate to elliptic, 9-30 cm. long, conspicuously a veined epl ud as or pinnately parted, the gen linear to linear- LÀ Ld e lades, gies d he base: heads few, showy, corymbose: involuere campanulate, about 1 e ee bracts ovate or broadly elliptic to orbicular- oval, or spa d rounded at the apex, ciliol E ray-flowers several; ligules yellow, 1-1.5 em. long: achene dendi dun or rhombic-orbicular about 10 mm. long, the wing-tips formi die : narrow U-shaped sinus, nearly entire.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Ga.—Spr.- 9. S. rumicifolium Small Stem 4-8 = tall: blades of the basal leaves elliptie to elliptie- p = obovate, 9-15 cm. long, jos at the apex, repand- undulate, smooth, r ined above, rather cuneate at the base; petioles shorter than the blades tated E sheathing at the base: ee hemispheric, fully d; bracts various, the outer suborbicular, broader than long, the inner broadly elliptic to cuneate or spatulate, rounded a y-flower addas ligules yellow, 1.5-2 : g: achene cuneate to elliptic-obovate, 9—10 — o is . Q narrowly winged, nearly a or slightly notched at the d —Dry, sterile soil, in the puedo ‘Valley near Knoxville, Tenn.—Sum.—fal 10. S. terebinthinaceum Jacq. Stem 9-30 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves ovate to elliptic, 9-60 em. long, coarsely dentate, with more or less pro- longed teeth, usually cordate E the base: heads showy, relatively few: in- voluere broadly eampanulate, 2-3 em. broad; braets various, the outer ovate, oval, or obovate, the inner e der much breader than the saa all obtuse and longer than broad: Ei -flowers 15-25; ligules yellow, 2-3 em. long: achene obovate-euneate, 9—11 . long, narrow y thick-winged, tr dh or io ded at the top.—Dry hills and; Dude. various provinces, Ga. to La., Ia., and Mich.— Sum.-fall. 1419 CARDUACEAE 11. S. pinnatifidum Ell Stem 5-30 dm. tall, EAR blades of the basal leaves e or pinnatoly parted, the segm or i E or rarely some of them dE e petioles shorter pr the tie: s showy: ue hemispheric, 2-3 em. broad; bracts various, the outer puc A the nd elli Lr to “elliptic EA gee P as long as the outer, ali obtuse: ray-flowe iac t ligules ye ellow, 1.5-2 em. loi ng: achene cuneate to obov s -euneate or eun e; 9- 10 mm. lon ng, wit E small ia at the we age grounds, Appa ee an provinces and ud ud ied teaus, Ga. to Eu , and Ohio.—Sum.— appar extreme form with n un ceolate) u toothed or und lenf- blades is $. pc T N Canby ($. A Hea Canby, not Nutt 12. S. ere L. Stem 9-22 dm. tall glabrous, glaucous: leaves in whorls of 3, or ely opposite or oao s blades lanceo s to ovate- lanceolate or nee -lanceolate, 8-20 em. long, motely serrate or nearly entire, acute or slightly acuminate, a on both sides: heads s Bs or numerous, rather showy: involuere eampanulate, m mm. high; braets ovate to ovate- lance pu and a a the se n lax mewhat spreading, ee the outer acutish, the inner obtuse: nr pode few; dun. ellow, 2—2.5 . Ion achene po Or elliptic. preda , 8-10 mm. lo ong, narrowly eed Tes wing- tips often toothed.—Hillsides, in que soil, various provinces, rarely Coasta wa Ala. to Ohio, Pa., and Md.—A form with scabrous-pubescent stems occurs n S. C. abrum Eggert. Stem 9-15 dm. tall, oon often glaucescent: except along the rgins: d ev m invol ampanulate, 9-12 mm. high; braets elliptie- Baur to ovate or elliptic, sae Saree es ing at the tip or slightly re i : ay. -flowers M ligul es yellow long: achene obovate, 1-9 i ong, rather narrowly wir aged, [um m tips short with acute or ms ds pun ^ ry soil various provinces, E Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss., Tenn., and N. C.—Sum.-fall. 14. S. confertifolium Small. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, glaucous, smooth and glabrous: leaves mainly on the lower o a stem, and E e approximated or erowded at the base; bla d firm, ellipti ovate-lanceolat "6- 12 cm. long, aeute or eR c 2 e enti ire or shalloviy to Or iu pre except near the c mpanulate, 7—10 m high; braets broadly ovate, elliptie or “elliptic. ies i, somewhat enda obtuse, merely ciliate, ips a m. long: achene orbicular-cuneate to orbicular-obova -8 mm. long, margined, the ae ascending.—Dry soil, Choctaw Co., "on the Coastal Plain of Ala.; also Ga.(?)—Sum. 15. = dm Small. Stem 8-13 dm. tall, glabrous, often red or reddish: leaves altern or few sometimes opposite; blades lanceolate to broad:r elliptic- Dao elliptic e or rarely oval, 6—12 cm. long, entire, or occasionally with few indistinct teeth, conspicuously ciliate; petioles of the lower leaves more conspicucusly ciliate than the blades: heads showy, often in terminal - 2 i elusters: RE —12 mm. high; bracts ovate or ovate-elliptie to sub- orbieular and obovate, merely arn obtuse, or the outer sometimes acutish: ema several; s ules 1.5-2 em. long, yello ow: lens obovate or cuneate- obovate, 7—10 mm. long, narrow ps winged, the wing-tips short, broad, rather wi idey separated. —Dry soil, woods and river- pas Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala., and 'N. C.—Sum 16. S. dentatum Ell. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, glabrous, or sparingly pubescent near the top: leaves opposite or the upper rarely alternate, or in whorls of 3; CARDUACEAE 1413 edis T » up nU or ovate- eren E 15 cm. long, acute, e about 1 e coarsely den r dentate-serrate; heads ebd involuere high; An dme danccdlace to suborbieular, r, oblong o oblong-cuneate, mere eM ciliate, is e outer ones aeute, t E obtuse: ray-flowers s several ligu ules Daria 2-3 em. long: achene obovate d 6-8 mm. long, narrowly winged, the mg. A m or the sinus a obsolete. — Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. A. and S. C.—Sum.-fall. 17. S. Asteriscus L. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, seabro-pubescent: leaves mostly alternate, approximate or scattered ; blades elliptic to elliptic. -lanceolate, ovate- lanceolate, 4-15 em. long, more or less distinctly serrate, those of the lower few l bout leaves petioled: heads showy, solitary or involucre campanulate, abou l em. high: bracts 2 ena -lanceolate oval and elliptic, ls or the outer ones acutish, mere ely c e: i -flowers 11-15; ligules 1.5 . long: achene oval or obovate oval, o mm. long, th 1e wing- tips rather E F. a rather broad sinus.—Dry soil, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ohio, and Va.—Sum.—fall. 18. S. pag aes Greene. ye 9— E E od tall, less densely pubescent above than below: leaves opposite, the pai r remote; blades various, those of the basal ieee. spatula ae to ne elliptic 10-15 em. ine on short-mar- Be To those of the upper part f the stem E. iptie to laneeolate or , 9— M . long, Sessile and clasping D broad bases, idm coarsely erenate- didi Or slightly s epand: heads few or solitary: UM s 1-1.5 em. high ovate- up dh or sub-orbieular or ovate to sire bonae pna Gomes ray- e 12- E Scd hae 2.5—3 ong; achene bro oadly obovate or PDC e 0-13 mm. long, br ud Eu “the wing- T bad blunt, forming a deep v- bec sinus. —Sandy pinelands, S pen. Fla 9. S. nodum Small Stem mostly less than 1 m. tall, hispid: V M posite, the pairs Dant. blades elliptie, oval, or broadly ‘ovate, 5-8 e ong, uA ae remotely den tate-serrate, obtuse or sometimes abr ruptly pointed the lower ones with short petiole-like bases: heads solitary or few together: involuere MET eampanulate, about 1 em. high; braets ovate or orbieular- ovate to obovate, obtuse, ciliate: ray- ‘towers few, lizules 1.5-2 em. long: achene bo de or oval, 7-8 mm. long, narrowly winged, contracted into more D: less mm of a neck at t the to op and truncate, the wing-tips obsolete or obscure.—Sandy soil, Ker Charleston, S. C.—Sum 20. S. incisum Greene. Stem about 6 dm. tall, perhaps up g - m., hirsute: leaves t and alternate; blades of the basal ones ovate OV dd lanceo- late, id em. long, ¢ eoarsely dentate-serrate, abruptly ao > truncate at the base, on long hirsute petioles, -o of the remote cauline leaves la on olate or elliptic- lanceolate, n newhat acuminate, Po few- Poo short- -petioled or sessile: heads usually few: m ud broadly eampanulate, about le d ; bracts elliptic- pc to broadly ovate, ciliate, sparingly p scent, oss Or merely ee with more or less recurved tips: ray-flowers few; ligules vile achene obov -8 m ong, na Pe winge ed, the wing- m road, forming a rather pod T Eur sinus.—4A ppalachian provine es, Ga.—Sum 21. S. gracile A. Gray. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, hirsute: leaves ea blades of the ba m e elliptie- e to ovate- laneolate, 5—30 em. long, acute at both ends or slightly acuminate or rarely obtuse, sno s dentate- RE those = rbicular or obovate, ciliolate, obtuse, or the ° ten inconspicuously pu b De ones acutish, eiliolate: achene suborbieular or orbieular-oval, 9-10 long, rarely larger, very broadly winged, de wing- rs broad, forming a pe vs o 1414 CARDUACEAE low sinus.—Rocky soil, woods or prairies, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Ala. to Tex.—Sum. 2. S. 2 ee pets Gattinger. Stem 8-20 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the asal lea angular-hastate, 8-15 cm. long, repand, the lower cauline ones aaa: dm truneate subcordate, or cordate at the base, repand-toothed or coarsely dentate -serrate, acute, with petioles sometimes half a as long as the blades, conspicu a ciliate, bla des of en up D A ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, entire nearly 'so heads several imerous, usually on long, slender, glaucou S Eng inv voluere mb e pos ut l en 1. high; braets vate, orbieular-ovate to elliptic, or ovate-elliptic oe oe pU tips dae somewhat c eading: ray- -flowers severa al; ligules yellos , 1-1.5 em. long: achen suborbieular, 7-8 mm. long, narrowly w inged, emargin a at the pus the wing: tips very short and broad ——Hillsides, Appalachian Plateau, Tenn.—Sum 23. re n Hook. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, seabro-pubescent: leav p- : ves 0 pos metimes alternate, bie opm above; blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate, IA a or lanceolate, 4-14 cm. long, acute or somewhat acuminate, ed or shallowly toothed, nn d a tth base, sessile and more or less clasp- ing: — showy: Te. hemispherie 1.5-2 em. high; bracts pubes a aps or lanceolate, the inner broadly ovate, acute or n n. ine tips often m or recurved: ray-flowers several or numerous; Sd ules 2.5-3. 5 ong ow: achene obovate or oval-obovate, 9-14 mm. ong or rarely oe Du wing-tips form ming a broadly U-shaped sinus.— Weeds, prairies, and o ld fields, various provinees, Ala. to N. M., Okla., and Mo.—Sum.—fall. 24. S. integrifolium Michx. Stem 8-15 dm. tall, scabro-pubescent: leaves opposite or mainly E blades ovate to broadly lanceolate, often nearly uni- form in size, 7-12 em. long, scabrous on both sides, acute, Min a toothed, Rp on ne lower part of the stem, mostly entir above: heads in rather open corymbs: involuere 1-1.5 cm. hi igh ; braets more or i pubescent, the puter triangular- -ovate to lanceolate acute, the inner broader, obtuse, all often a recurved tips: es 15-93; ligules PUER e. 2-3 em. long: Bem narrowly E te, a l em. "long, broadly winged only near the as the an g-tips broad, ine Forming 1 a ae U- -shaped sinus.—Plains and prairies, various provinces, Miss , Wis., and 1Ill.—Sum.-fall. 25. S. scaberrimum Ell. Stem 9-15 dm. tall, pubescent, sometimes sparingly So: ne opposite or alternate: blades elliptie- -Janeeolate, ovate- o or narrowly ovate, or those of the basal leaves lanceolate, 8— 20 em. lon ng, rather shorter high up on the stem, acute or somewhat acuminate, sh incide pO eun on both sides; heads usually few, showy: involucre campanulate, about lem. hi p M. ts ovate- lanceolate to ov vate or ellipt ie, not conspicuously pubes- tent but eiliate, obtuse or the outer ones acutish, s inn ith reeurved tips: dps hovers. several; ligules about 1.5 cm. long, yellow: ps suborbieular, 5-7 broad, broadly winged, the wing-tips for us a deep apical notch.— Omen Nd. fields, and pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Miss., Tenn., and S Va mue m. S. Gatesii C. Mohr. Stem 6-15 dm m hispid: leaves alternate, often rather numerous; blades br ei linear to e liptie- -lanceolate or lar ieeolate, 5—14 . long, aeute, entire or remotely shallowly toothed, s cabrous-pubesce ce De ones petioled: heads showy; involuere campa mut about 1 em. goes 5 braets ovate- lanceolate to ovate, hispid, the outer acute and short-acuminate, coarsely hairy, the inner obtuse: ray- -flowers sever ral; ligules s yellow, 12-20 mm. long: achene d ular or br oader than high, the wing-tips forming a broad i Dr ae various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ala., and Tenn., to Mo. rae CARDUACEAE 1415 27. S. Mohrii Small. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, DUAEEY- e Beanie alternate; blades ovate-lanceolate to narrowly ovate , 5-2 ong, minate, remotely serrate with prominent teeth except near "the base or ne undulate: heads c high; bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or slightly acuminate, densely hispid and conspicuously long-ciliate: ray flower a w ligules yellow, 10—14 mm. long: achene obovate, about 7-9 m ong, t ing- tips aeutish or blunt, iai separated.—Dry soil, Interior Low F “and Appalachian Provinces, Ga. to Ala., and Ten n.— Sum.-fall. 60. CHRYSOGONUM L. Perennial, depressed, stoloniferous her aves opposite: blades toothed. Heads erect. Involucre hemispheric: pen mee the — foliaceous. Ligules of the ray yellow. Disk-flowers with short abortive ovaries and corollas with a very short tube and funnelform throat. Filaments less than half as long as the anthers. Style glabrous. Achene wingless. Pappus a half cup-shaped crown.—Two or three species. Leaf-blades truncate or abruptly cuneate at the base, deltoid- ovate: plant eventually caulescent. 1. C. virginianum. Leaf-blades s radually tapering at the base, elliptic: plant 2. C. australe. Stem hirsute, Ta sometimes 6 dm eaf- blades lightgr Eom deltoid- -ovate, 2.5 em. long, long MEER short pubescent on both involucre hirsute: outer bracts py mm. ee pina a ithe ray y lon 4.0 m long.—Dry woods * E leider, Consti Plain to Blue Ridge, Fla. to La. , Ten nn., Spr. 2. C. australe Alexander. S e long: mature ache ene not seen.—Dry woods, various provinees Fla. to Ala. and N. C.— Spr. 61. BERLANDIERA DC. Perennial, erect herbs, with large roots. Leaves alternate: blades toothed or pinnatifid. Heads more or less nodding. Involuere somewhat depressed: bracts broad, often veiny. Ligules of the ray- very short tube and a funnelform throat. Filaments nearly as long as the anthers. Style pubescent. Achene wingless, 1 ribbed within. Pappus obsolete or of 2 caducous-awns.—About 8 species, North Ameriean.—Sum.-fall, or all vear S.—GREEN-EYES. Leaf-blades merely toothed or evenly pinnatifid near the base, often gray-woolly or tomentos Plants with ed leaty to near "the inflorescence. 1. B. pumila. Plants with s 2. B. humilis. Leaf-blades pinnatilid throughout: stem hispidulous. 3. B. subacaulis. 1. B. pumila (Miehx.) Nutt. Stem 2-9 dm. tall, gray-woolly: leaf-blades "m rm or oval, 4-10 em. long, obtuse, erenate, truncate or subeordate 1416 CARDUACEAE e base or rarely narrowed, “pubescent ppe tuse, ciliolate: lig of th y yello eee 3-3.5 mm. long: achene 6 mm tomentosa to Nutt. ]—Sandy Pi oui Plain, Fla. Ala., and N. C. 2. B. humilis Small. Plant 1-2 dm. tall, tomentose: leaf-blades elliptic to ovate, 3— 8 d unevenly ss lyr ? pinnatifid nea e base, or em erely cordate: scape simple or cory ely branched, the heads thus -o or several together: involucre 1.5-2 cm bracts ees or lanceolate to ovate or orbicular, oe soft- pubescent: ligules of the ray 1.5-2 cm. long: done obovate, 5- 6 n m. long, woolly.—Pinelands and sandy woods, Fla. 3. B. subacaulis pus Plant 1-5 dm. tall, hispidulous: leaf-blades deeply sinuate-pinnatifid or lyrate-pinnatifid, elliptie to oblaneeolate, 4—12 cm. long, the lobes obtuse, entire or toothed: involuere about 2 em. broa à: braets elliptie Or El spatulate t o obovate and gene obtuse, ciliolate: ligules of the ray 1- . lon isk-eorollas 3-3.5 mm. long: ac chene elliptie or nearly so, 5-6 mm. end ciliclate. —Dry pinelands, Fla. 62. PARTHENIUM L. Coarse herbs, or pon ed pale-pubescent. Leaves alternate: blades toothed, pinnatifid, or diss ; eads inconspicu- ously radiate. Involucre depressed to globular ds er broad ay flowers usually 5: ligules inconspicuous, white or whitish. Lobes of the disk- corollas ovate, ciliate. Anthers longer than the filaments. Achene flattened. bout Pappus of 2 or 3 seales or awns.— 12 species, American. Leaf-blades 1-2-pinnatifid : heads not firm at maturity. 1. P. Hysterophorus. Leaf-blades merely toothed: heads very firm at maturity. 2. P. integrifolium. 1. P. Hysterophorus L. Plant annual, a dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic to ovate in outline: involuere saucer-like mm. broad: disk-corollas, 1-1.5. ii long: achene 1-1.5 mm. long.— Rag. WEED.) — Pin elands, waste-places, cult. grounds, and roadsi 1; Coastal d and adj. provinces, Fla. o Te x. Mo. Pa. 2. P. integrifolium L. Plants uenia 4-12 dm. tall: blades of the basal leave nda to lanceolate: involucre we ole l broad: becoming globular, 4-6 mm. : disk- ae 2.5-3 mm. long: ache long.—Dry soil, woods.and hillsides, various Po í , Minn., and Md.— Spr.-su —P. hispidum Raf., with rough- a foliage and coarsely s d or m ed Mer known ange from. Tex nn and Mo. is to b: le d from W. A CARDUACEAE | 1417 : NIA L.1 Annual or perennial, erect herbs, or shrubby plants. Leaves opposite: blades edi or sparingly toothed, 3-ribbed. Heads showy, on usually clavate pedun Involuere hemispheric to somewhat cylindric: bracts broad except ee inner elongate ones. Ray-flowers few: ligules red, purple, yellow, or variegated, conspicuous. Lobes of the disk-corollas lanceo- late to linear, ciliate. Anthers shorter than the filaments, the appendages deltoid or pade. Achene of the ray 3-angled. Pappus of 1-few awns, or wanting. —About 15 species, natives of western America. Involucre cylindric-campanulate: chaff of the receptacle with erose or lacerate tips. 1. Z. ord. . Involucre a chaff of the receptacle with long-fringed, appendage-like tip 2. Z. elegans. Il - eee L. Stem 1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-elliptie to ovate, 2—5 ong: outer braets of the involuere ia the inner braets linear- ‘elliptic 5a Pon broadened upward, 11-13 mm long: ligules of the ray 10-15 mm. long: lobes of the disk-corollas linea ar. LZ. K f reir ae Fla. to Nat. of trop. A „ but Pea a: in = Ñ: c. Sum.-fall. ' 2. Z. elegans Jaeq. Stem 1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades e to ovate, 2-10 em. long: the Mex. and S. A., and widely cult. (Wf. l; a. S. A.)—Sum.-fall. The com- mon zinnia of gardens is a cultivated form of Z. elegans, eun es hybridized ith Z. pauciflora and other species, as is shown by the varying shape of the involuere as well as the color of the ray-flowers 64. HELIOPSIS L. Perennial or rarely annual, Helianthus-like herbs. Leaves opposite: blades serrate, petioled. Heads showy. Involucre flattish: ets in 2 or 3 series, the outer more or less spreading. Ray-flowers several: Pues yellow, conspicuous. Disk-eorollas longer than the ovaries. Stigmas long. Achene of the ray with a pappus of 2-4 teeth or a crown , or the pappus rac 6 species, American.—Spr.-fall.—Ox-EYES. Foliage, especially the leaf-blades, very scabrou 1. H. scabra. Foliage, especially the leaf- -blades, smooth or NN slightly rous. i l Heads usually over 1 cm. high: achene glabro 2. H. helianthoides. err canned less than 1 cm. high: achene | pubescent . H. minor. 1. H. scabra Dunal. Stem 8-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades thick, deltoid or broadly Bn die 5-15 em. long, serrate, cuneate to eee at t the base 1 Revised oy Edward Johnston Alexander. 1418 CARDUACEAE heads showy, with broadly conic disks: bracts of the in eos ance -elliptie to 2 acutish or vue or ddl ers sev- ligu ules of the 25 . long, ort crown.—Fields, roadsides, and woods, vari- ous provinces, Tenn. to Ark., B. C Me., and N. J. 2. H. helianthoides (L.) B. S. P. Stem dm. tall: en blades thinnish, ovate to 8—20 lanceolate, long, s arply serrate, cuneate to Cono at the base: heads showy, with a rounded disk usually over 1 em. high: ied of the involucre elliptic- a. to elliptic, ciliate, acute or acutish, the outer with md ng * reflexed tips: ray-flowers s sveral; ligules of the ray Evi. ellos E 3 eed long: braetlets dilated and er at the 2 achene glabrous, t cate obseurely 2—4-toothed at the nes x. [H. laevis ios —Banks, thickets, A open woods, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ont., and N. Y. 3. H. minor (Hook.) C. Mohr. Stem 2-7 ba tall: leaf- pus n pe laneeolate, elliptie or elliptie- d 3-10 em. long, sharply serr neate, rounded, or truneate at : heads with disks usually less mun. E. ME : i of the involuere o d “lanceolate to elliptie, rather obtuse, the outer, ding Mem : ? ct lo ie ong en Pinelands, woods, md hillsides, Gaal Plain and “adj. provinces, Fla. to Ark. and Ga. oo: TETRAGONOTHECA L. Perennial, erect, stout herbs. Leaves a ite: blades broad, repand, saliently toothed or pinnatifid, sessile or con- nate-perfoliate. Heads large, resembling ae a longer t anoa TA deltoid « or tri- angular. Anthers mostly longer than the ra the E ndages ovate. Stigmas slender. Achene very thick, broadened up- ward, striate or saa Pappus wanting.— About 5 species, American. 1. T. helianthoides L. Stem 3-10 dm pubescent: blades of e plut pis slliptie to oval, 8-15 em. long, remotely toothed: en involucre 4-6 7 k ; inner braets slenderly n ligules 3—4 em. long: e 5- 76 m ong.— (PINELAND- -GINSENG) .—Dry Sa p des woods, e Plain 2j ad provinees, Fla. to Miss. and Va. pr.—ta 66. VERBESINA L. Annual diffuse herbs. Leaves opposite, blades narrow, entire or sparingly toothed. Heads small, inconspicuously radiate. SEES T TR S B = Pu CARDUACEAE 1419 Involucre hemispher campanulate: ets broad, oe. pF dis outer series scarcely larger than those of the inner. Ray- flowers several: ligules white, inconspicuous. Disk-flowers numerous: corollas wi t WWW, ŢQ JES Hy, \ or minute.—About 4 species, tropical. 1. V. alba L. Stem and branches 2-9 dm. Lu. long, finely pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic, or lanceolate, or narrower, 3— 10 em. long, sessile: involuere broadly campanulate, the larger | eir abou m. long: ud about 2.5 mm. long. [Eclip ta alba (L.) Hassk. ]- Waste -places, stream-banks, and low grounds, various provinces, Fla. "n Tex., N. M., Neb., and Mass. Introd. NE.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Sum fall or all year S. 67. MELANTHERA Rohr. Perennial, erect herbs. Loane o blades entire, toothed, or hastate- lobed. Heads discoid, appeari ng a S road, in 2 or 3 series. Throat of - white corolla much longer iban the tube. Filaments generally as long as s black-tipped anthers or nearly so Stigmas often flattened, mostly subulate. Achene compressed- angular, somewhat obpyramidal, truneate.—About 12 species, tropical American Leaf-blades ovate to deltoid in outline. Involucral bracts and chaff e obtusish, or merely short-acuminate. ^ Leaf-blades less than 5 c long: chaff short-acuminate. Mi o lo e of the leat-blade very narrow ith a roundish few toothed tip. 1. M. parvifolia. Middle lobe “ot the lent blade if pr resent, broad and : short with an exp d many toothed t tip. 2. M. radiata. Leaf-blades over 5 em. long: chaff acute or bluntly tipped. 3. M. deltoidea. Involucral M and eh haf long-acumina e. 4. M Leaf-blades elliptic to linear in outl volucral race fully as long B the disk, linear-lanceolate, 5 6 . M. ligulata. inv olucral bracts shorter than the disk, rhombic- ovate. . M. angustifolia. 1. M. parvifolia Small. Stems often several together, 3-8 dm. tall, very rough-hispidulous, slender, sparingly branched: leaf-blades prominently hastate, e nx , or ger, the lateral lobes prominent, coarsely toothed or entire, the iddle lobe elongate, contracted between the rather short: heads few, usually very long- pedun ma larger bracts of the involucre 5-7 m ong.—Pinelands and coastal a dunes, E im Fla. and the Keys.—All yea 2. M. radiata Small. Stems radially spreading from a oe root, 1—4 dm. long: - ia Sra ovate, 1 . lo ong, entire and arsely serrate, or ii eta y lobed and irregularly toothe d, the middle lobe often ovate: larger bracts of the involucre ovate, 1 Contributed by Edward Johnston Alexander. 1420 | CARDUACEAE 5.5-6.5 mm. long, obtuse: corolla mostly dd 6 mm. long.—Pinelands, Ever- glade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys.—All ye 3. M. deltoidea Michx. Stem 8-24 dm. tall, somewhat rough-pubescent, often stout, d pias. leaf- beans ovate to deltoid or ovate-hastate or deltoid-has ong, obtuse acute, erenate, or serrate, the petioles rather Mm e mu ME or numerous, mostly rather short- -peduneled: larger bra of the involucre 3.5-5 em. long: pappus of 2-3 bristles with a EE Hei -like crown at hae. — Hammocks and coastal pu -dunes, n. Fla. and the Keys.— (JF. 7.)—4A1l yea 4. M. hast Ead Michx. Stem 8-18 dm. tall, ‘scabrous or hispidulous: leaf- blades 8-15 em. long, ovate to deltoid in outline, often hastate or hastately lobed, crenate Pu se pete. larger bracts of the oo 8-10 mm. long, acumi- nate Ais is also the coe chaff: corollas 3-4 mm. long. [M. nivea (Fl. SE. S.) M. lobata Small.|]—Along lake a En shores and in damp soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.—Sum 5. M.ligulata Small. Stem E 4—7 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf-blades elongate-linear, mainly 8-16 c . long, irregularly toothed, sometimes saliently so at the base: ciun oo of ‘the involucre linear- lanceolate 9-13 mm. long, acuminate: corolla . long.—Pinelands, S pen —Spr. 6. M. Sup conn A. Pug Bs 2-8 dm. tall, is ae d toi linear to linear- 4-8 cm. long: oe brac ts re rhombic- ovate, acute ong: corolla about 4 m i Bt. lanceolata. it SE. Ù. $. 31 Everglades and dos EOM pen: Fla.—(H, I.)—Spr.- 68. SPILANTHES s Annual or perennial (ours), diffuse or ereeping he iid or partly woody plan Leaves a blades relatively broad, often toothed. Heads radiate, o inconspicuous, "à peduneled; the disk protruding e above the involucre by the elongation of the receptacle. Involuere campanulate or flat: bracts broad, narrowed to the apex. Ligules of the ray- -corollas white or yellow. Disk- flat e b of the disk flattened, mapu Pappus one or several awns.—A bout 30 species, of warm and Pee regions. Americana (M ut.) Hieron. Ste = 8 "im. long, often creeping: leaf- blades. ovate to lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, toothed: bracts of the involucre dd pue to En or ovate ‘lanceolate, 4—5 mm. long: ligules of the ray abou . long: disk ov lo [S. repens (Walt.) Michx. x) Lov grounds, Co astal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. C.—Spr.-fall or all year S. 69. ECHINACEA Moench. Perennial, caulescent herbs. Leaves nor- mally alternate: blades RE entire or toothed. Heads e solitary or few, conspicuous. Involueres many-flowered, rather flat: bracts in 2—4 series, arrow. Receptacle dec hemispherie, ehaffy. Ray Pel several, neu- tral, often with imperfect styles: ligules spreading or drooping, purple or rose, rarely yellow or white. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing: chaff awned, surpassing the flowers, persistent. Achene acutely 4-angled, stout. CARDUACEAE 1421 Pappus a erown, more or less produced into triangular teeth at the angles. [Brauneria Neck.]—Six species, North American.—CONE-FLOWERS. Awn he ane chaff about as long as the body: root horizontal or horizontally inclined, fibro I. PURPUREAE. Awn of Suns chaff shorter than the body: root vertical, fusi- for II. ANGUSTIFOLIAE. I. Pv Rather coarse herb, with leaf-blades ovate Boh nceolate. E. purpurea. II. ANGUSTIFOLIAE l Plant cans or eee . E. laevigata. . E. pallida pid. Puy pes ers with Mroonins ligules 4-8 cm. long. ida. E. tennesseensis. Ray-flowers with spreading ligules 1.5—2.5 Es long. BOTH 1. E. purpurea (L.) Moeneh. Stem seabrous-pubescent, 6—12 dm. tall: uod blades ovate to lanceolate, 5-12 cm. jong, serrate or dentate- serrate: brac of the involucre linear to linear- E hispidulous: ligules of the ray at an Jong, or rarely shorter, purple or somewhat crimson or whitish. [B. p purpurea "Britton.] Rieh soil, woods, a 8 NA. various prov- inees, Ala. to La., ,S8 Va. and N. C.— Sum.—fall. 2. E. laevigata (Boynton & es Small. Stem glabrous, about 10 dm bus es of Hi basal and lower cauline > 1.5-3.5 wide: bracts of the in iue ig. to elliptic- Cara de. merely ciliate: irr 3-6 long, colo [B. ees on * cn »]— Woods and fields, Piedmont of S. C.— 3. E. pallida Nutt. Stem d 5—10 dm. tall: leaf-blades br roadly linear to narrowly Mp un em. long: braets of the involuere laneeolate, hispid: ligules of the ray 4-8 e m. long, pale or deep rose-color. [B. M Cid 2 —Dry soil, UA dr barrens, and hillsides, various provinces, Ala Minn., and Mas —Spr.- . tennesseensis (uc Small. Stem shaggy-hispid, 2-3 dm. tall: leaf- us pu 5—18 long: bracts of the involuere lanceolate, e ius of the ray 1.5-2.5 c long, purplish. [B. tennesseensis uis ce iia hillsides, Interior and | Ozark Plateaus, Tenn. and Ark.—Spr.- 70. VIGUIERA H.B.K. Annual herbs. Leaves alternate: blades nar- row, entire. Heads dip Md Pd the disk elongating in age. In- voluere campanulate or hemispheric: bracts lax, narrow, anni Peco pens pp or wanting.—Abou 50 ; species, natives o the Western DAN zi V. Porteri (A. Gray) Blake. Annual, 2-12 dm. tall, Nm leaf -blades narrowly linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, 3—15 1422 CARDUACEAE em. long: heads vut outer braets of the E linear or linear maven 6-10 mm. long, acuminate: ligules 1-2 cm. long: achene 2.5-3 long. [Gymnolomia Porters iA. Gray. nee outcrops, Stone Mt. and vicinity in the Piedmont of Ga.—Sum.-fal 71. RUDBECKIA L.1 Perennial or sometimes annual or biennial, often pubescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Heads erect. Involucre hemispheric or depressed, many-flowered: bracts reading or reflexed, often unequal. Receptacle conic or convex. Ray-flowers deltoid or ovate. Anthers longer than the filaments. Achene 4-angled, flat- topped. Pappus s a low erown or obsolete. —About 40 species, North Ameriean.—CONE-FLOWER Stigmas with short obtuse tips: pappus present e e in R. mollis. Chaff of the receptacle acute, mucronate or obtus Chaff canescent or pubescent at the apex Leaf-blades, at least those of the lower leaves, deeply lobed or divided. I. LACINIATAE. Leaf- m entire or merely toothed. Disk globose-ovoid, ovoid- iode or hemispheric: Slate puse cent: eorolla-lobes reflexed after anthes II. HELIOPSIDES. Disk come or conic-cylindric uc maturity : plant glabrous: corolla-lobes erect after anthesis. III. LAEVIGATAE. Chaff cl or fimbriate, denticulate or entire at the Chaif ciliate or fimbriate. IV. FULGIDAE. Chaff with entire, hyaline, or erose-denticulate ips. Leaf-blades various, but not elongate-linear. A A Leaf-blades elongate- -linear VI. GRAMINIFOLIAE. Chaff of the receptacle aristate or fubito: VII. TRILOBAE. Stigmas n slender a AR tips: pappus wanting. Plant annual or bie VIII. BICOLORES. Plant Decus HinT I. LACINIATAE Plant glabrous or glabrate. 1. R. laciniata. Plant cinereous- -pubescent. Disk greenish-yellow 9. R. heterophylla. Disk brown-purple, anise-scented. 3. R.subtomentosa. II. HELIOPSIDES Cauline leaves with petioled blades Heads small, the disk about 1 cm. in diameter. 4. R. Heliopsidis. Heads large, the disk 1.5—2.5 cm. in diameter. Stem oo or A 5. R. alismaefolia. Stem hispid or scabro 6. R. grandiflora. Cauline leaves with closely ceils or pariy clasping blades. T. R. llis. LAEVIGAT Leaves glaucous; blades oa. broadly Ren or Tee. 8. R. maxima, Bene lustrous; blades narrow eaf-blades ESL a. to "Janceolate-elli iptie 9. R. nitida. Tent blades elongate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, at- tenuate at Both € nds. 10. R. glabra. IV. FULGIDAE Blades of the basal and lower cauline leaves cordate or trun- cate. Chaff of the disk 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, densely ciliate at the ip. R. umbrosa. Chaff of the disk narrower, sparsely ciliate at the tip 12: R. Chapmanii. 1 Contributed by Charles Lawrence Boyntor and Chauncy Delos Beadle. CARDUACEAE Blades of Rena basal and lower cauline leaves not cordate or trun jusserat ' bracts ciliate, SPI n above: leaves larger, with np ee a Stem EM or gla Stem strigo Involueral brace ciliate, pubescent above: leaves small medium, with acute or short-acuminate blades Upper s with cuneiform or elliptic- janceointe bl Well-developed disks 1—1.5 em. in diameter : ligules of the ray relatively short. Well-developed disks smaller: ligules relatively arge. Upper leaves with conspicuously dilated blade. V. SPECIOSAE Ligules of the ray large and showy, much exceeding the diameter of the disk. Leaf-blades laciniate or Mond coarsely den revai Plant glabrous or near Plant densely hirsute. Ligules short, often less than the diameter of the disk. VI. GRAMINIFOLIAE | Plant pubescent: ligules of the ray crimson. Plant glabrous: ligules yellow. VII. TRILOBAE Blades of the lower cauline leaves, or some of them pal- mae 3- D ed. Di d -13 m ray-flowers with ligules 1.5-2.5 cm. Disk 15-20 mm. wide: ray-flowers with ligules 2-3.5 cm. ng. Blades “of i. qune cauline leaves, or some of them pinnately Bracts of the involucre, or most of them, as long as the ligules of the ray: Alleghenian species. Bracts of the involucre, or most of them, not half as long as the ligules : Floridian species. VIII. BICOLORES Plant hispid: ligules of the ray brown-purple at the base. JX. HIRTAE Well-developed disks 1 pun Rus diameter or more: ligules of the ray large and s Blades of the upper pauline leaves not of an ovate a Petioles of the basal leaves ine exceeding 1 dm. in Leaf- blades broader than linear. xis or stem not divergently branched. pper Cauling: leaves Spee: lanceolate or lanceolate, or narrower Upper cauline leaves elliptic, subcordate- clasping. n axis or stem oe branched, ually from near the Lea f-blades linear or linear-lanceolate elongate. Petioles of the basal leav or some of them, con- Spicuously elongate. PRISE an the upper cauline leaves, or some of them, of Blades. of the basal leaves 5-6 cm. wide: involucral . bracts often foliaceous. Blades of the basal leaves narrower : involucral bracts not foliaceous. Well-developed disks smaller: ligules of the ray short. 15. 6. 17. 29. 30. 37. 1423 . R. palustris. R. acuminata. R. fulgida. R. foliosa. R. spathulata. Su oon spec R. R. R. truncata. R. missouriensis. R. ten . R. gr Du UE R. Mohri . R. triloba. . R. rupestris. . R. Beadlei. . R. pinnatiloba. R. bico lor. R. hirta. R. amplectens. 2. R. divergens. . R. sericea. . R. longipes. . R. Brittoni. . R. monticola. R. floridana. 1424 CARDUACEAE 1. R. lac iis ta L. Stem 6-20 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of the upper leaves less deeply "lobed than those of the lower, or merely cleft: bracts of the involuere elliptic to lanceolate: ee the ray 2-4 long: disk becoming o puse or jud nie.—Rich woods, thick ets, and meadows, various p N. to La., Man., and Que.—Sum — Cult. in several fn. —A full delle ge is on in cultivation under the name Golden. glow. heterophylla T. & G. Stem 4-16 dm e leaves coarsely toothed, or lobed: bracts of | the involucre eee to bu tee -lanceolate: | ligules of the ray 1-2.5 em. long: disk sub- | VII: globose ce od. p damp places, V" Fla.- 3. R. subtomentosa Pursh. Ste 5 dm. tall, cinereous- e blades of the uL leaves mostly undivided: poe of the involucre linear or nearly SO: rien of the ray 2-3 em. long: disk hemispheric to ovoid -eonie.— Dry soil and low grounds, various end Tenn. to Miss., Tex., Kans., Ia., and Ill.— Sum.-fall. 4. R. Heliopsidis T. & G. Stem 8—7 dm. eo ees or eee puede e. blades elliptie-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3—1 Ong; errate: braets of he involuere elliptic to pus pp eee ligul ae F ray 15-2. em. long: disk $ ubglobose, about 1 em. in diameter me ind nearly obsolete. Woods and low grounds, Piedmont to DATED Plateau, Ga. and Ala.—Sum.-fall. R. alismaefolia T. & G. E 5-9 dm. tall hispidulous or scabrous above: leaf- edd dud or elliptic, 5-12 em. long, repand-dentieulate to ree entire: bracts of t ped linear to bed c: ligules of the ray 3—4 e long: disk s Eden E 0-2 cm. in diam : pappus prominent.—Pine mod: and prairies, Coastal Plain nnd dn pr add "La. to Tex. and Ark.—Sum.-fall. R. grandiflora C. G. Gmel. Stem scabrous or hispid throughout: leaf- blades ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 6—15 e o bred shallowly Winds bracts of the involucre linear: ligules of the ra . long: disk ovoid or ovoid- -globose, 1.5-2.5 em. in diameter: pa D. Prominent Dry Mee Coas tal Plain and acy: provinces, La. to Tex. and Mo.—Sum Ell. Stem 3- = dm. ee gray-hirsute: leaf-blades oe spatulate to hare tae 1.5-6 em. long, crenate or nearly entire: s of the involuere linear to Pon buco ligules of the ray 2-3. long: disk hemispheric, 1. Pu m. in diameter: pappus wanting. —Pinclands £ and dry soil, Coastal Plain, Fla., ps E Ga.—Spr.—sum.—Little kno 8. R. maxima Nutt. Stem 9-30 dm. tall, glaucous: leaf-blades elliptic, oval, tate r ovate, metimes pa e, , dentate or repand- braets of the involuere linear to linear-lanceolate: ligules of the ray 1.5 em. long: disk ellipsoid to ded -eylindrie, 3—4.5 cm. long: pappus dui NE Moist soil, various provinces, La. to Tex., Okla., and Mo.—Spr.-sum 9. R.nitida Nutt. pue 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades AA -spatulate to lanceolate-elliptic, 8-15 em. long, nearly entire to repand-dentate: bracts of the involuere linear to me lucent. disk ae to conic- cylindric, 3-4.5 CARDUACEAE 1425 long. wd pinelands and pond-margins, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga, —Spr. —fal 0. R. glabra DC. Stem E dm. = apps leaf-blades elongate- m ate nd linear- piri 9-30 cm. long, pega -dentate or undulate, veiny: bracts of the involu mu linear: ligules of the ray 3-5 em. long: disk cylindrie or pcm cylindrie, 2—4 em. long.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.—Spr.-fall. | R. sudo Boynton & Beadle. A 4-10 dm. tall, pubescent: blades the r leaves De coarsely serrate: bracts of the a elliptic to finear elliptie, 10-15 mm. long: ligules of the ray 1.5-2 em. long.—Moist soil, ppalachian provinces und Interior Low Plateaus, Ga. to Ky um. R. pmanii Boynton & Beadle. Stem 4-10 dm. tall, glabrous or Sb Ere of the lower leaves PERCHE UN dentate or coarsely erenate-dentate: braets of the involuere linear or luem -elliptic, 6-12 mm. long: oo of the ray 1.5-2.5 em. long.—Mt. slopes, Blue Ridge, Ga. and Ala.— 13. R. palustris Eggert. Stem 5-7 dm. tall, glabrous or glabrate, at least Hina blades of the lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, remotely serrate or den d r nearly a bracts of the involucre linear to ie -oblong, mostly obtus ligules of the ray 1-2 m. long—Low grounds, wet banks, and cedar- a Interior and Ozark Plateaus, Tenn. to Mo. and Ky.—Sum.-fall. 4. R. acuminata Boynton & Beadle. Stem 5-8 dm. tall, acia bres of the lower leaves laneeolate, remotely serrate with low te eth or : bracts of the involucre lanceolate, acute: ba aes of the ray 1-2.5 cm. pese Woods, Interior Low Plateau, Tenn.—Sum 15. R. fulgida Ait. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, hirsute or somewhat hispid: blades of the lower leaves lanceolate, elliptic- -lanceolate, or euneiform, remotely toothed and swamps, various Dem rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. to Miss., Tenn., W Va., Pa., and N. C.— 16. R. foliosa Boyuta & Beadle. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, pd or some- what hispid: leaf- puo p E n elliptie or eifor sparingly serrate or entire da ets of t voluere linear to élliptie- o ligules of the ray 1- 15 cm. long: disk a js poe em. wide.—W oods and thickets, mostly in marly plaees, Coastal Plain id Piedmont, Fla. to N. Sum.-fall. 17. E. spathulata Miehx. Stem 3-7 dm. tall minutely p bass es of the vid Md icd E Or oblanceolate, anaes or min and d hed: braets of the voluere linear, mostly a ute: S e the y 1—2 œ ong; disk pos ut l em. aide: —Wo ods, and along streams, various ee eee Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., and N. C.—Sum.-fall. 18. R. Sullivantii Boynton & ine peius 5-10 dm. tall, hispid or glabrate: An of the lower leaves oval, vate-lane ceolate, Ll coarse- de braets of the inv dne d -elliptie, o obtuse: ligules of the ray 2-4 m. long: disk 12-18 mm. wide. LM grounds, various Diu s N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Mich.—Sum.—fal 19. R. speciosa Wenderoth. Stem 5-10 dm. tall, hirsute or somewhat hispid: blades of the lower leaves donas -anceolate, often faleate, irregularly coarse- 90 1426 CARDUACEAE toothed: braets of the wi addi linear to linear-lanceolate: Ne of the ray 2-3.5 em. long: disk 13-20 mm. wide.—Woods and low gro arious prov- inces N » Coastal Plain, Ga. p yo Mo., and Pa.—Sum fall 20. la truncata Small. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of the lower leaves narrowly lanceolate to elliptic or rius linear, remotely and shallowly de ais or e dd Am s of the in ple i r to linear-lanceolate: ligules of the ray 1.5- long: disk 10- 15 wi vide: —Woods and low EIQUE) Blue Ridge to i nnm Plateau, Ga. p Ala. and Tenn.—Fall. 21. R. missouriensis e rer Stem 4-6 dm. cane mn blades of the lower leaves linear-lanceola o linear, entire: bracts of the involucre linear to linear-elliptie: ligules of ae ray 5-2.5 E Tong: "disk 1 10-15 mm. wide.— Dry hills and rocky soil, La. to Mo.—Sum.—fal 22. R. E Boynton & Beadle. Stem 4-8 dm. tall, sparingly pubescent, t shullos-detitate or entire: braets of the pes elliptic to lanceolate: ligules of the ray 6-12 mm. long; disk 10-18 mm. wide.—Woods and fields, Interior Low Plateau, Ala. and Tenn.—Sum.- fall. 23. R. graminifolia (T. & G.) Boynton & Beadle. pi 6-8.5 dm. tall, pubescent: blades of the lower leaves elongate-linear, grass-like, entire, the midrib alone A bracts of the involucre mostly lanecolate: ligules of the ray 8-12 mm. long: disk hemipheric to elliptic. ovoid. [Hchinacea? atro- rubens graminifotia T. & G.]—Pineland ponds, Coastal Plain, N Fla. and Ga p 24. R. den ii A. Gray. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, glabrous: p of the low leaves linear or elongate-linear, bios ribbed: iaa of the involuere linear to linear a ligules o of the ray 15-30 mm. long: disk ovoid-conic to conie-eylindrie. [R. AM pii J- Pineland ponds and moist pine- lands, Coastal Plain, N Fla. and Ga. 25. R. triloba L. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, pde or hirsute: blades of the upper leaves ovate-lanceolate ne mea late: brae of the involucre linear to linear- xr ed ligules of the 15-25 mm 3 disk subglobose to conic-globose, 5-13 mm. broad.—Moist P roeky woods, old fields, i thiekets, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Kans., Mich., and N. J.—Sum —fal 26. R. Pp d Chickering. Stem 7-15 dm. tall, sparingly pubescent: blades of the upper leaves ovate: bracts of the involucre lanceolate to elliptic- lanceolate: pus of the ray 20-35 mm. long: disk hemispheric to s -conie, 15-20 mm [R. triloba rupestris A. Gray.] ne ae oe oan Mt. . broad. and adj. peaks, in the Blue Ridge of N. C. and Tenn.—Sum 27. R. Beadlei Small. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, hirsute: blades of the upper ed lanceolate: braets of the involuere linear to linear-laneeolate: ligules of the ray 11-20 mm. long: m Il 10 mm. wide.—Rocky slopes, above 1,000 m., in the Blue Ridge of N. C.— 28. R. acpi (T. & G.) Beadle. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, softly hirsute: blades of the upper leaves ovate- E i: of the involuere 1 linear to m lanceolate: Des ules of the 0—15 long: disk 6-9 . broad. [R. triloba pinnatiloba T. & G. eus pu W Fla.—Sum. “fall, CARDUACEAE 1427 29. R. bicolor Nutt. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, dean bs of the upper leaves elliptie to Vp AM sometimes narrowly s of the involuere elliptie- laneeolate to linear: ligules of the ray 15- a ong, brown-purple at the base.— (NI oe HIMBLE-FLOWER. NC. da hills, and sandy soil, GGER-T various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Ark., and Tenn. —Spr.- 30. R. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, hirsute or hispid: blades of the upper leaves Ae BB or lanceolate, or nearly linear: bracts of the involucre linear:laneeolate or linear-elliptie: ligules of e ray 20-35 mm. long: disk 10-18 au wide.—( Y ELLOW-DAISY. LACK-EYED SUSAN. ) —Fields, roadsides, and a various provinces, Fla. to Okla., 5. Dak., and Que. Native mainly 31. R. amplectens T. V. Moore. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, hispidulous: blades of the upper leaves elliptic: bracts of the involucres linear- -elliptie to linear-laneeo- late: DERE of the ray 10-20 mm. long.—Dry soil, Piedmont, Ga., and 8. C. —Sum 32. R. divergens T. V. Moore. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, hirsute or hispid: blades of per leaves elliptic to lanceolate or egy linear bracts of the involucre linear or linear-lanceolate: ligules of the ray 15-3 d wide.—Pinelands and fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.—Spr.—sum.—This and related species e used by the Seminoles as a cold infusion in eases of fever and headache. 33. R. sericea T. V. cs re. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, hispid: blades of the upper leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, s ne lowly too the d: bracts of the involucre linear to aod um or Mena olate: liguies of the ray 20-40 mm. long: disk 12— 20 m ong.—Dry w oc and fields, various provinees N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., MSS and S. Dak.—Sum 34. R. longipes T. V. Moo Stem 3-10 dm. tall, hispid: blades of the upper leaves lanceolate to EE Fue unm entire or to othed braets of the in- volueres nape ea eeolate to elliptic- lanceolate: ligules of the ray 5 mm long: disk about 15 mm. wide.—Woods and fields, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. to Miss., Ia., and N. Y —Sum. —fall. 35. R. Brittonii Small. Stem 5-8 dm. tall, hispid or hirsute-hispid: blades of the upper leaves e ovate to elliptic- -ovate, rather coarsely toothed or up di pou d braets of the involuere elliptie o laneeolate: ligules of the ray 25-35 . lon ne Wooded hill-sides, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tenn.— um. 36. R. en bep Stem 3-10 dm. tall, bed or hispid: blades of he upper lea vate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly s rrate: bracts of the E voluere linear ps "linear tr HE da —14 mm. long; nl o£ the ray 20-35 m long en Blue Ridge anim Plateau, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., iud Pa.—Sum.-fall. 37. R. floridana T. V. Moo Stem 3-6 dm. tall, hispid: pod of the upper ipis n Coo or narrowly pandurate (very na in R. Kig angustifolia): bracts of p involuere elliptie to linear- ‘elliptic, "6-10 Du ligules of the ray 10-20 mm. long, yellow, fading greenish.—Sandy soil, oa Plain, Fla. to Tex. and A rk.—Spr r.—fall. 72. DRACOPIS Cass. Annual, glaucous herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire or slightly toothed, elasping. Heads erect. Involuere of few 1428 CARDUACEAE somewhat foliaceous bracts which are ulti- ely reflexed. ay-flowers few: ligules yellow, drooping, fa discolored. Disk- flowers crowded: rollas relatively long with a short tube e a longer throat, ulti- mately deciduous, leaving the erect cone-like isk. Anthers usually about as long as the filaments. Stigmas slender. Achene terete, striate and transverse-wrinkled. Pappus wanting.—One species. - 1. D. amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. Stem 3-7 dm. tall: stem- uia bg em. lon ne, f ini blades of the upper ovate to laneeolate, sometimes shallowly toothed: "rats of the involucre 6-10 mm. long: ligules of the ray-flowers broad, 10— m. long: disk-corollas 3.5—4 mm. long: achene 2 mm. long.—Moist, rich "n Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex. Introduced eastward.—Spr.-sum. 3. RATIBIDA Raf. Annual, biennial, or perennial, pubescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades pinnately parted or divided, or lyrate. Heads erect, usually showy. Involucre flat: bracts mostly spreading or reflexed, narrow. Ray-flowers several: ligules broad or narrow, often discolored. Disk-flowers crowded on the elongate receptacle: corollas stout, with a very short tube and deltoid a longer rage! wide throat; lobes ovate or oid. Anthers longer than the filaments. Stigmas stout or slender. Achene flattened, margined or winged, m with bractlets. Pappus of 2 awns or wanting.—About 6 species, North American m a lanceolate-subulate tips: ligules of the ray elongate, linear Es linear- 1. R. pinnata Stizmas p short obtuse tips: ligules of the ray relatively short, elliptie to oval. . R. columnaris. 1. R. pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart. Stem FT and scabrous, 6-15 dm. i often with elongate branches: leaves 5-20 em. long; blades pinnately 3—7-folio often pales veo soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ia., and N. Y.—Sum.-fall. 2. R. columnaris (Sims) D. Don. Stem 3- 7 dm. tall, scabrous-strigose, da Seen i at the base and sometimes abov s 5- 2 em. long; blades pinnately pes the gments mostly linear, lanee À b lanceolate, often pinnati r 3-el heads showy: disk cylindric or columnar, 2.5-4 em. long: ray-flowers few; ligules yel- low. (or brown-purple at es pos in È. PUO pulcherrima), 2—4 cm. long, drooping: achene 2-2.5 m —(NIGGER-HEAD)— Dry soil, p plains, and hills, Tenn. to Tex., Ariz. E and Minn.—Sum.-fall —Olten c CARDUACEAE 1429 74. WEDELIA Jacq. Perennial, caulescent, diffusely branching and creeping herbs. Leaves opposite: blades typically or predominantly of a cuneate type, coarsely few-toothed or -lobed. Heads hits peduncled, radiate. Involucre broad, somew ian foliaceous: bracts in 2 or 3 unequal series, the outer mostly longer than the r. Ray-flowers few: NER with broad yellow, 3- lobed ligules. Deom with a eylindrie-(unnelform throat longer than d turgid, tuberculate. Pappus a fim- bri crown, deciduous.—About 40 species, pes warm ed tropieal regions. 1. W. trilobata (L.) A. Hitehe. Stem and branches creeping, fleshy: leaf- ps o or elliptic and cuneate at the 10 e long, coarsely few-toothed, or E ne or less olds s e se, or abru tly ar- rowed into t petiole-like base: outer bracts of ae ie elliptic to o ovate, lax: iens of the ray 2i i nh elliptic, 8- m. long: anthers about 2 . lo ong: achene of the ray obovoid, 4—4.5 m mus coarsely obeunt. zn of Bay Biseayne, Fla.—(W. I. yen —All ae TEMMODONTIA Cass. Perennial, caulescent, Helianthus-like herbs or partly woody plants. Leaves opposite: blades of a lanceolate or an ovate type, entire or shallowly toothed. Heads hos. peduneled, radiate. voluere rather broad, somewhat foliaceous: bracts in 3 or 4 unequal series, ihe outer mostly longer than the inner. Ray-flowers ee corolla with broad yellow, often 2-lobed ligules. Disk-corollas with a nearly cylindric throat much ha An- than the tube; lobes ovate-lanceolate. C Yo bracts of the Be pem elliptic to wly sagittate the base, with ovate ap- j : lanceolate, lax: Tigu pe of = ray narro pendages. Stigma viret tsar Achene 0 ned, ed, elliptie: anther t 3 mm. long: achene of the ray elipti -cuneate, about 4 of W. fthe ray flat thick-margin pu- bescent. as: a ee crown, persistent. : S mm. long, bo bent —Waste- Ecce Coastal Plain, Ala. Nat I.—Sum.-fall. ——About 6 species, tropical American. calycina (L. C. Rich.) O. E. Schulz. Stem and branches erect, m ostly 2 m. tall or : le crenate-serrate, rough-pulescenf gradually narrowed or rounded base: outer 76. PASCALIA Ortega. Perennial, eaulescent herbs. Leaves oppo- site: blades entire, toothed, or somewhat lobed. Heads erect, radiate. In- 1430 CARDUACEAE voluere api dp outer bracts herbaceous, membranous. Ray-flowers pistil- we pes yellow, — e Disk-flowers i corollas with a very short tube, a g roat lon nd toid lobes. Anthers much ; nger than the filaments. A various, those of the ray 3-angled, those of are often accompanied by awns.—One species. 1. P. glauca Ort tega. Stem mostly 1 m tall or less, glaucous: leaf-blades 3-ribbed, 1 dm. long or shorter on the upper n a the stem, those of the lower cauline lea ovate-lanceolate or need ovate, ley toothed, those of the upper MT 21 bud lanceolat or narrowly lanceolate, repand or entire: involuere 1.5-2 wide; br dcus lanceolate to linear, the larger ones > 15 mm. long: ligules of the ray- -flowers bright-yellow, 1-1. 5 em. long: achene 5-6 mm. xt — Waste-places and roadsides, coast of N Fla. Nat. of Chile —BSpr.-fall. 77. BORRICHIA Adans. Fleshy, maritime, erect herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite: blades thick, entire, or toothed. Heads erect, on stiff peduncles. Involuere hemispheric or flattish: bracts fleshy or leathery. Ray- flowers yellow, fe Disk-eorolas with a cylindrie-funnelform throat and a very short tube: lobes eciliate. Free portions of the filaments much longer than the corolla-tube. Pappus crown-like.—AÀbout 5 species, American.— SEA OX-EYES Outer bracts of the involucre spreading or reflexed at neu per RS the ed. dui Mud pipe d B. frut ns. Outer bract the involucre appressed at maturity: bractlets of the Scccptacie obtuse or barely mucronate. 2. B. arborescens. 1. B. eb n DC. Plant 2-7 ~ tall: leaf-blades linear-spatulate to obov long: outer bracts of the involucre acute, the inner ones he imer) —Shores, sand- N prairies, and salt-marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S Va.—(W. I., $.)— Sum.-fall, or all year S. 2. B. arborescens (L.) DC. Plant 2-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades e or spatu- n late-oblanceolate, 3— r braets 0 e involuere iut , the i ones rounded he apex.—Shores, sand-dunes, and low waste hammocks, an Fla. Keys.—(W. I. Mex., C. A., S. A.)— All year.—This species is much more variable a the preceding one. The plants become ery robust and succulent in strictly saline jocos The foliage various from glabrous and glossy green to densely pale silky-canese he glabrous form has been described as B. glabrata Small and may be Du distinet from the pub- escent and larger tori CARDUACEAE 1431 78. TITHONIA Desf. Annual, Helianthus-like herbs. Leaves alternate: ei bs or three lobed. Heads large, erect, on peduncles swollen just belov e involucre. Involucre hemispheric or broadly campanulate: bracts in ios series, the other short and appressed, the inner long, appressed at the base and somewhat foliaeeous above. Ray flowers several, neutral: ligules yellow, showy. Disk flowers perfect: EM yellow, with a short villous tube dilate into a long throat: lobes lanceolate. Stigmas slender, hirsute. Achene broad- ened upward, flattened, four-angled, wingless embraced by the bractlets. Pappus of 2 awns or scales, caducous or persistent, ac- companied several shorter, always per- beseent, scabrous or glabrate above, tapering i abruptly to a cuneate-winged peti uci. braets of two kinds, the Bac pr ovate, striate and appressed, usually aeute, the inner long, Wie dens. striate, somewhat d oo above, usually obtuse or rounded, appressed at the e, 18-25 mm. d ligules 4-6 em. 1 i apex: ac s Indies. LT. diversifolia (Hemsl.) Gray. Plant up to 4.5 m. tall, with à branching, woody stem, slightly pu ubescent or dA leaf- blades ovate 2 outline, 3—5 lobed, r entir n the sistent, seales.—F our or five species, native of Mex WwW upper stem, E ate, pubes AUR ben ath, pu- e pubeseent about 6 mm. long.—Pine- xieo, Central Ameriea and the West ng, t a eae roadsides, and about gardens, em Fla. Nat. of Mex. rt eult.— All yea o E [e] B ect ® etd eM ps Oo 77. HELIANTHUS L. Annual or perennial, coarse, erect or diffuse herbs. Leaves various, the first ones opposite, sooner or later the succeeding ones becoming alternate, or in a few species very rarely all alternate: blades he sometimes with accessory and intermediate scales, the whole pappus readily eaducous; each flower subtended by a conduplicate, Aes braetlet on the receptaele. Braets of the involucre in 3 or 4 series, green.—About 100 species, American.—Sum.-fall, unless otherwise stated.—SUNFLOWERS. Disk-corollas with red, purple, or brown lobes. . RUBRI. Disk-corollas with yellow lobes. II. FLAVI. ae Ray-flowers with ligules more than . lon Leaves more or less pubescent, "but not dencel y white-hairy. Blades E the cane leaves of a long-linear type, 2—8 wi Heads ma leaves alternate. 1. H. dious Tonis: Head soli tary: leaves opposite. 2. H. heterophyllus. 1 Contributed by Elba Emanuel Watson. 1432 CARDUACEAE Blades of the cauline leaves of a lanceolate to ovate e. Leaves opposite, Bracts of the Dy ouen linear, mucronate: leaves chiefly Bracts of bes involucre lanceolate, not mucro- nate: leaves caulin Leaves ENS e is n diameter. 3 em. in diam ete toward center of disk, conspicuously nae bearded. Chaff not thus bearded. Leaf-blades decurr towa e e: annual. era not thus. “ciliate (often undu- : perennial. Leaf-blades obviously petioled. Stem, especially the biandles con- Spieuously white-villous. Stem sages or, less pubescent, but not as a ve, Plant erect: stems more or less mottled. Ja ant D stems not con- Spi usly mottled, Leaves densely white-pubescent, especially beneath, mar ls wanting or minute, the ligules less than 3 mm. II. FLAVI Leaves verticillate. Leaves not verticill ate. Leaf-blade Head Saee: disk about 1.5 c Heads several: disk about 1 Dg xb of a linear, ees or vate con less than 10 times as lon eat bide: linear io Mane ola te: never broadly so. Leaf-blades densely white-pubescent both sides. eaf-blade En more or less pubescent but not as above. ranc Ri the inflorescence and leaves it o op site. Leavy aE -hispid : d aes longer a a disk and r Leave da ter. about equ to disk and erect, or leaf- below inflorescence and leaves below it alterna tes Mature oe leaf-blades deeply and irregu- larly serrate. Cauline leaf blades entire or serrate, but not as a Bracts longer than the disk, very loose. evenly tomentulose ; blades d tted f the ray ight. "véllóse Bracts Ebo as long q as the disk, not con- ute margins, ually undulate, ue tomentose be- cath. Qo m 19. H. 20. H. x2 an Mom hh i- H. atrorubens. rigidus. annuus. petiolaris. agrestis. floridanus. vestitus. cucumerifolius. debilis. argophyllus. radula. verticillatus, simulans, arnosus., longifolius. Schweinitzii. stenophyllus. Eggertii. 21. H. grosse-serratus. Qo . H. . H. tomentosus. Mazrimiliani, . giganteus. H. floridanus. CARDUACEAE 1433 oua not revolute-margined, not undulate, not tomentulose Aa Leaf- blades se rrate, the lower sur- eda labrous except on the erv ee 25. Leaf-blades entire, at most, ob- se iA denticulate, long-hispid ben . montanus. Leaf-blades of a broadly Enc 2 ovate type. Heads small: disk less than 8 mm. wide, Leaves, stems, and bracts entitely glabrou 27. Some or all of these parts more or less D en t. Lea z blades firm, copiously resin- PR beneath : H 26. H. alienus. H. laevigatus. H em dark and D glaucous. 28. H. glaucus. Lent blades thin, remotely if at all ceto: dotted beneath: s ER ight, at most faintly a ; Bracts the involucre linear, abruptly Cupied- vu short. 29. H. decapetalus. Bracts of the involucre loo e but not re- xed : peduncles ae and. very slender, 30. H. microcephalus. Heads larger: disk more than 8 mm Leaf-blades broadly decurrent o eoe lateral nerves confluent only a TM ue the middle of the blade, the AR from the confluence often as long as the Basal leaves numerous, Spree ximate and per sis a t; cauline leaves few and greatly re- . duc 31. H. occidentalis. Basal leaves often fugacious; cauline leaves a evenly disposed on the stem and not . dd educed. 2. H. Dowellianus. Leaf-Hades eile or petiolate; if decurrent, the petiole (from the confluence of the lateral ml much less than half the length of th e Bracts of the involucre about as long as the disk. Leaves opposite; blades sessile and often clasping: bra nches conspicuously erect. 33. H. mollis. Leaves opposite or alternate; blades not clasping : branches spreading. Base Eo leaf-blade obtuse, cordate or undish ; petiole distinct or blade only briefly decur 2L Leaves ODDO site and "divari cate. 34. H. divaricatus. Leaves alternate (ra Be pec not divaricate. 35. H. saxicola. Base of leaf-blade more poin ted, decur- Leaves mostly or all alternate, light reen, even a Short-hispid above, short- ‘hirsute beneath, not glaucous beneath. 36. H. tuberosus. Leaves m tly opposite, dark green above, glabrous beneath, except on the nerves, and 37. H. strumosus. Bracts of the involucre longer pies “the disk. H. decapetalus and H. reindutus) ; ade-decurrent to the base of the petiole. 38. H. reindutus. Blad t Der to the e of etiole, distinctly petiolate. Leaf-blad E thin, ovate, very sparingly pubescent branches of the inflo- rescence and rarely the uppermost leaves alterna 29. H. decapetalus. Leaf-blades aa "bsoadiy lanceolate, ER rough-pubescent : branches e i ud pposite. 9. H. hirsutus. Leaves altern e (lower cauline rarely oppo- site in A o f Blades densely tomer e ben eath S ie broadly decurrent the ud x the | 40. H. doronicoides. Leaf-bla des t-petio- late, pes broadly CURE and mus qui ite o the base of the petio 22. H. tomentosus. MED sss sss s eS 1434 CARDUACEAE Blades more or less pubescent, but n densely tomentose or tomentulose, Leaf-blades conspicuously resin- n ulos n le if ans lighter than the er, 41. H.resinosus. Leaf. lades Ades surface ighter than the upp 22. H. tomentosus. Leaf-blades n “conspicuously resin- dotted ath. Leaf-blades EU at the base, decurrent almost to d base of the. Bc etiole: bracts loos 42. H. validus. Leaf-blades T or at least broad toward the base, not de- Gent to pu "base of the peti- ole: bracts er 48. H. laetifiorus. angustifolius L. Perennial: stem 1-2 m. high, slender, simple to the infloreseene, hispid: obs alternate: “blades varying in width from 2—4 mm in sunny, exposed places to about 1 e moist, shady pd usualy m em. dons evolute xcept whe ray-flowers with bright A N Tiguls: ice of the disk- corollas red-purp t ground, wet pine- lands, woods, a x —€— Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. Y. —A showy plant, often in "large pet heterophyllus Nutt. Perenni lands, edges of swamps, and marshes, eu Plain, Fla. to an There are no erown buds no eth s; the longer of the fibrous roots pro T out 2 cm. p. rom the ur which grows at once, the daughter plants often one the same season is ten 2 em. wide, corollas of the disk very dark.—Wet clay soil, low ne- La. N. 3. H. L. Perennial: stem about m. high, proud very n Pech pru to e. inflorescence: a ee large, approximate, opposite: blades mainly ovate, oval, or elliptic; the cauline dei alternate, roadly ovate, obtuse, t ae. blades abruptly contracted be t 1 short, deep yellow ligules: disk-flowers with very dar woods, ereek-banks, and shaded mountain sides, various provinees, Fla. to La. Mo., and Va. ib dc propagation is from axillary buds at the base of the NN a ery coarse in i hispid, the hairs often very long: heads 7 on the stem and branches, oe disk of ide 4, H. rigidus (Cass.) Desv. Perennial: stem 0.7-1.75 m. high, rough, simple blades m ceolate, ed Ren. . een pressed, ‘obtuse, quibua ciliate: disk-cor oll : pus usually with many s vui ntermediate seales. [H. scaberrimus Ell. ae ae ae Rydb.]— andy soil, usually on prairies, various provi nces, Ga. to Tex.—The i "ed mem uen: tips which bear abundant rootlets. CARDUACEAE 1435 5. H. annuus L. nual, similar to the DERE but taller, more branched, ae less ee "disk -corollas shorter than in the preceding, and the lobes brow -red rather than mage bis or in eultivated forms the e of the Eom is frequently yellow y plains, various provinces, Tex. to Sask. and Minn.; also cult. grounds, a Ss and fields throughout. the E T. S. 6. H. pe | Nutt. Annual: stem simple or, in vigorous plants, much anched, rough: leaves suena bod Tanceolate to ovate, mostly entire, distinetly cro very variable m. long, in n normal plants about 7 em. long, densely appress ics scabrous on Lun iden blue-green: inflorescence terminal and axillary, profuse, Ms a very showy: bracts of the inv olde broadly seg about a s lon id e disk, e ' densely hispidulous, du without cilia y-flowers with ar S abou . long: disk 1-2.5 e wide: lobes f disk eorollas red-purple .— Plains, hills, “river-bottoms, and r Aes banks, MAR provinces, Tex. to Ariz., Ore., Sask., and Minn.; also waste- PR and cult. grounds in the 7 ne om estis Pollard. Annual m. high, light-green, glabrous, sulea vigorous plants much me vs E es alternate; blades broadly elliptic. ecce very light-green, hispid on both sides, the midrib beneath and the margin towar rd are base with long, rather remote bristly cilia: heads few but very showy: bracts of the involucre pee em glabrous, erect: ray-flowers with en yellow T disk-eorollas deep-violet. [H. Curtissu Fernald.]— Pinelands, serub, and prairies, often along ditches, pen. Fla. 8. H. floridanus Gra pia es stem 1-2 high, uu Ye leaves alternate toward the of the m (opposite in small individuals); blades lanceolate, sessile or aie le, yer above, mos uy fine- “tomentose d revolute, often ien A SO and apparently undulate, ostly 6-8 cm. long: florescence one to four or five hea a loose pan wm of ‘the Hi gus about as m as the di "e disk- rollas eee "ud ped brown lobes, rarely yel- l undulatus Chapm.|—Woods, thickets, and edges of fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. p La. 9. H. vestitus E. E. Watson. Annual: stem 6-7.0 dm. high, lax, densely white- mir cd profusely branched leaves alternate, crowded; blades deltoid- lanceolate, mostly abou em. long, de eeply irregu ularly serrate, or lobed, hispid hirsute. beneath, peur. ially on the veins y as hispid 'above, dis- tinctly Poo e petio — long, slender, very ute: heads terminal on the stem and branches: bracts of the invo wees linear- pd attenuate, longer than the disk, deni En very loo ray-flowers with oval ligules 1.5 em. long; disk 1 em. wide; lobes of the disk. aioe purple: iei villous.— Sandy places, Hog Island, Fla. ae H. cucumerifolius T. & G. Annual: stem erect, 1-2 m. tall somewhat ough above, with ascending e mostly above the middle: leaves alter- avis blades de itoid. -ovate, 5-8 em. long, acute, irregularly serrate, strumose- setose SIBOve, seabrous- n cae cordate; petioles about as long as the blades: heads 1-3 terminating the stem and the branches: bracts of the in- ne Euh ie] lanceolate, longer than the«disk, scabrous, scarcely ciliate: disk rollas with red-purple lobes —s: andy places near the and Tex: ; uc Red in Fla. through cult —Sum.-fall.—Cult. form ve low disks. H. debilis Nutt. Annual: stem more or less branched at the base, the pun decumbent or horizontal, up to 1 m. long, subglabrous to hispid: leaves alternate; blades deltoid-ovate, acute, 5-8 em. long, irregularly serrate, scabrous setose and deep-green on both sides, broadly cuneate to cordate; petioles sca- 1436 CARDUACEAE brous, about one-third as long as the blades: heads puse the stem and the branches: peduncles hispid: bracts of ve involuere narrowly lanceolate, longer m the En ick d e ray-flowers "With light- n ligules about 1.5 e : di sk abou "vide, its corollas with red-p ple lobes.—Coastal one o and sts “introduced! into sandy places ud. Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.—All yea H. argophylus T. & G. Annual: did 1-2 m. high, branched, densely white -tomentose, especially on younger par leaves alternate: blade es ovate, mostly entire, 1-2 dm. long, the petiole E “little a orter, densely pubescen nt: heads large, very showy: bracts of the e rate-acu minate, white- : disk 2-3 em. in di . andy places, wood and chaparral, various p1 e Te, often ee and readily escaping and persistent through the southeast.—Similar ANNUUS, but shorter and less branched. The leaf-buds are densely long, white- -pubescent. 13. H. radula (Pursh) T. & G. Perennial: stem erect from an ped base, about 0.5-1 m. high, hirsute d simple to the inflorescence: opposite, the basal ones crowded into a rosette, with obovate or Pai blades 5-21 em. in d cauline uà ps reduced, I flower- x : e s large: min ong: disk head, often EH the e Snvolueral a. suffused with Sandy pinelands, flat-woods, and oak-ridges, Coasta 1 Plain n, Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—There are no rootstocks, and ue propagation is by crown- -buds. H. verticillatus Small. Perennial: stem slender, less than 2 m. high, glabrous leaves verticillate in 4’s, blades Pu narrowly sessile, about p m. long, seabrous above, finely s short- -pubeseent and paler beneath: inflores- ence a cyme: bracts of the involucre lanceolate, sub-glabrous, a little longer than the ‘disk: disk-corollas yellow. —Wet sandy soil, Interior Low Plateaus, Ten 15. H. simulans E. E. Watson. pde ial: stem erect, simple to the in- florescence, seabrous-strigose: leave —— crowded ; blades mee mostly abou em. long, revolute, ous Dn above, tomentulose beneath: heads showy: bracts of the involucre TH ace onger than the disk, thinly pubescent, iuda eiliate: the ray-flowers with ligules deeply 2-3-dentate at the apex, 2-3 em. long: corollas of ie disk yellow.—Wet muck, low woods, and pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.—Differs from H: angustifolius, with which it is often confused, by its yellow disk. 16. H. a Small. Perennial: stem Nus l m. high, slender, glabrous, arising f ass of basal leaves surmounting a bu ee ae Rod a es iei lades varying from ovate-spatulate to T lin 4—17 ong; cauline jus d e quus succu es nt: a single terminal head on the m em: bra of the involucre ae -lanceo- m. wide, a little longer than the disk and inet ray- ide. Ww ith s Es 2 em. long and 2-3-dentate at the apex: disk 1.5 . wide corollas yellow.—Wet sandy soil, mostly about ponds, N Fla.—The m stem arises from one side of the bulbous base and the basal clump of leaves from the other side; rootstocks none, a is from crown buds. 17. H. longifolius Pursh. Perennial, similar to the preceding species: stem simple to the much branche A inflorescence, orren pu rplish: leaves opposite or = upper d blades narrowly linear-o ceo the longest being 25 . long, chiefly basal and sheathi ing the i m: mom scence an open panicle head E iion in H. carnosus; bracts of the involuere narrowly a. CARDUACEAE 1437 about as long as the s P rus ciliate: disk pA ud than 1 em. wide, its eorollas y ray-flowers with ligules about 1.5 c ong.—Wet sandy d T glades and sandhill ed Coastal Plain and adj. Boc m Ga. nd A 18. H. Schweinitzii T. & G. Perennial: stem erect, branched, 1-2 m. high, strigose or glabrescent in age, purple: leaves alternate 'above; blades lanceolate, ese ceolate, a little shorter than the disk, pubescent: disk about 6 mm. wide, corollas yellow.—Dry, often sandy and ro eky woods, various pcd Ga. to la. and N. C. | 19. H. stenophyllus e & d a E. Watson. Perennial, with stout branched rootstocks 1-3 dm. long: ste 0-1 m. high, slender, simple, scabrous-hispid, S Eon leaves jo blades à arrowly lanceolate, ed acute, 10—15 ong, poi ted at the e base, thiek, densely ne se-hispid above, scabrous- hispid vd the d more or less winged by the decurrence of the Md de: inflorescence cymose, bracts of the involucre linear-lan , longer n the disk, loose, recurved, , densely hispidulous; ray-flowers with. gules ee yellow, 2.5 cm. long, disk 1 . wide, its corollas yellow, the n R —La. Tex., and Okla. D not east of the Mississippi Riv . H. Eggertii Arne Perennial: stem erect, slender, n glabrous, glaueous, 1-2 m. high: leaves opposite, or the e uppermost alterna ate in vigorous plants; blades MN aeute, thinnish, glaueous on both sides, eonspicuously . SO beneath, strumose-setose above, glabrous beneath: obscurely serrulate broadly m. lo i fe e et ou à g: in heads on short peduncles from the axils of the alternate upper leaves; involuer eylindrieal; braets broadly qr e acuminate, not b VR dps a little ipla than the disk, glabrous: ray-flowers with ligules abou 1.5 em. long: disk about -2 em. wide, its corollas yellow. ictus often rocky hills, ne Low Plateau, nn. H. grosse-serratus Martens. Perennial, with abundant, often branched rootstocks and Rr roots: stem 1-3.5 m. high, simple to the inflorescence, glabro ous, glaucous; leaves npa prin broadly lineas lanceolate, grossly e v en 15- . above 1 fine, e short, straight hairs i eontraeted to a e petiole which is 4-8 cm. long, the upper leaves smaller and less deeply se orescence e many "is aded-paniele: heads large and showy: involuere MAL Rue braets linear-laneeolate, attenuate, longer than the disk, loose but not i very dark Vu. “subglabrous s; ray-flowers with bright yellow ligules, 2.5—4 em. long: disk d wide, its corollas yellow.—Rich soil, fields, pa . to Tex., N. M., tomentosus Michx. Perennial, with rootstocks 3-4 long and u sparingly tomentose, ae iode d: inflorescence a small panicle, the peduncles slender; heads a poss of the involuere linear- buc loo se, reflexed, hispidulous, as EE | n the disk: ray-flowers with ligules about 9 em. Long, bright-yellow, "pubesce t and resin-dotted on lower surface: disk 1-2.5 em. wide, its corollas on. Duet resin- out —Woods and hillsides, Piedmont and adj. Blue Ridge, Ga. to Ala., and V 1438 CARDUACEAE 23. H. Maximiliani Schrad. Perennial: stem 1-2 m. high, very scabrous, the S . long, and bea a heads: heads shox wy: braets of ae involucre narrowly Ere pape: qus scabrous- CR E) attenuate, longer than the disk, loose, but not reflexed: ray-flowers with many, but sho rt ligues. distinetl cupped: disk en often 2 cm. wide, its e yellow. a S ne and rocky 2 plains and prairies, various provinces, Tex. to Man E adv. n the E U. S.—The Texan specimens are often coarsely ta pene rou 24. H. giganteus L. Perennial with numerous short rootstocks and crown- longer then the disk,.dark green, glabrous, but conspicuously ciliate: ray- flowers with ligules s about 1.5 em. long, oval, light- yellow: disk relatively large, 5 em. wide, its corollas ye ean v.—Sw mps and wet thickets, various provinces, N. C. to Colo., Sask., Ont., : 25. n montanus E. E. Watson. Perennial: stem eee . high, dip ous, pur- ple, striate, more or ie Saou, branching above: leaves alterna ate, blades ARA about 12 e m. long, serrate, slightly Penney upper surface strumose- rous, lower surface paler and gla brous except on the hispid nerves, the petiole narrowly ese dion to its De inflorescence of 2 or 3 heads on r wide, its florets yellow, the rays about 2 em. long, the achene slender and glabrous, chaff 3-cuspidate. —Stony or sandy soil various provinces, Fla. and Ga. 26. H. alienus E. E. Watson. Perennial, with coarse woody roots: stem 1-1.5 m. high, stout, scabrous toward the apex, purplish, sulcate: leaves alter- nate; blades lanceolate, obscurely denti culate, very narrowly sessile, 11-15 cm. long, n e Bud 'geabro ous above, sparingly but long- hispid beneath, > ft s prom inflor cua few-flowered: heads showy: bracts o he eai nm pe ieolate, about as long as the disk, densely hispidulous, EN ing-eiliate: ray-flowers with ligules about 1.7 em. long: disk about > 3 cm. wide, its corollas yellow, the chaff entire.—Woods, Blue Ridge, N. C. Va. 27. H. laevigatus T. & G. Perennial, with rootstocks rarely more than cm. long: stem slender, erect, glabrous, 1-2 m. high: leaves mostly opposite, ral ab in vigorous plants; blades narrowly, or o very broadly, lanceolate, pointed at both ends, glabr n both : infioresce ew- flowered panicle: heads small: bracts of the involucre lanceolate, En í little longer than the disk; disk rarely exceeding 8 mm. in diameter: ray- lon flowers with ligules 1-2 em. long: E corollas yellow.—W oods, Blue Pi idge and adj. provinces, N. C. to Ky. and V 28. H. glaucus Small. Perennial, with rootstocks 2-5 em. long: stem pur ple, branehed, glabrous, glaucous, up o nearly 2 m. high; leaves EIN TT above, though often all opposite: blades ovate to lance olate, firm, scabrous a 1 y brown: bene heads many, small: bracts of the involucre lanceolate, about as long as the disk: disk about 7 mm. wide, the corollas yellow.—Dry woods, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ark. (2), a and N. J. CARDUACEAE 1439 29. I decapetalus L. Perennial, with long rootstocks: stem slender, light- green, glabrous, simple to the inflorescence: leaves opposite to the inflorescence (branches of the latter mostly alternate); blades ovate, serrate, broadl cur th 1 petiole, very thin, uis as remotely se above, spa ly pubeseent benea heads very showy: braets of the ince linear or linear-lanceolate, longer than the disk, very loose, often curling pen, sub ro ray-flowers with ligules often ng: : 0 .7 to s wide; corollas yellow.—Rich woods, river- -banks, and Soden various prov- inces, Ga. to Tenn., Mich., and Que. 30. H. microcephalus T. & ve Perennial, with rootstocks about 1 dm. long, the crown buds numerous: stem very s slender du ds n, glabrous, simple: leaves opposite, or sometimes the upper alter nate: blades very thin and delicate, light-green, er E -lanceolate, ee pu 2 beneath, cen short- hispid abov eads few, very small: ‘disk r arely exceeding 5 mm. in diameter braets of the ener ubt. subglabrous, a little longer e y disk.— Woods, thickets, and fence-rows, various provinces, Ga. to Ky. and Pa. 31. H. occidentalis Riddell. Perennial, with rootstocks 2-3 dm. long, the terminal bud pro n a daughter plant during the season, and numerous fine- fibrou a oots: stem a risi d » rom a basal rosette which is not always Donde simple to the cabrous; leaves opposite, crowded toward the base of the E. blades oval in ‘ene either very narrowly or very broadly so, exceedingly "variable in à entire or serrulate, gh above, hispid coro yellow.— pA D ist wi ud ene soil, woods, bi and prairies, Med provinces, F "Tex Minn., Ohio, and N. e plants are large vigorous in black. rich ‘soil, len (Tn no less web on in dry, sandy soil. 32. H. Dowellanus M. A. Curtis. Perennial, with rootstocks 1-3 dm. long and fibrous roots: stem 1-2.5 m. high, usually simple, rarely branched, ap- pressed-pubescent or ae rarer leaves more numerous and more approxi- ate towards the base of stem, opposite below, alternate above; blades ovate, acute, rather densely short-hispid beneath, da rk- -green, concolor, contracted at r ligules about 2 cm. long: disk about 1 cm. wide, its corollas yellow: achene pubescent at the apex and on the angles.—Open woods, rocky banks, and sandy bottoms, various provinces, Ga. to Ill, and D. C. 33. H. mollis Lam. Perennial, with stout rootstocks about 15 em. long, the tomi bud. very large, and numerous erown-buds, the roots fine-fibrous: stems 0.5—1 m. high, more or less tufted, - eabrous- hirsute, ced simple, if branched, the branches elosely ascending, even par ralle lt th ain stem, the pubescence 1 neles S : h : broadly linear-lanceolate, about as long as the disk, densely pubescent: flowers numerous, with dei 2-3 em. long: disk 2-3 cm. wide, its corollas yellow.—Prairizs, barrens, woo nd fields, various provinces, Ga. to T ex., Kans., Ia., and Mass ae ar cultivated. . 1440 CARDUACEAE Me H. divaricatus - Perennial, with numerous rootstocks 1-7 dm. long f oots: stem simple to the inflorescence, or very vigorous D. often MEN pur ode. usually purple if exposed to the sun, enlar and ry TO v road, round at the base, subsessile, rough above, sparingly pubeseent beneath, with remote, long, ascendi irs, divaricate: infl cence a single, terminal head or else me: heads not very wy; bracts of the Didi: tips: ray-flowers with narrow ligules about 2.0 em. lon ng: disk about 1 e width, its corolla yellow.—Dry woods and old fields, various os Fla. " La., Man., Ont., and Me. 35. H. saxicola Small. Perennial: stem slender, 0.8—1.5 high, g D glaucous, reddish, simple; leaf arrangement unstable, Slate or opposite he base to a short disti petiole 2-3 em. long, dark-green and a above, paler and glabrous pep. the main veins sometimes slightly short-hispid: inflorescence solitary o w- flowered: heads showy; epe of the involucre broadly pco a little M than the disk, glabrous or subglabrous, somewhat reflexed: ray-flowers wit ligules 2-2.5 em. long: disk pde 1.5 em. wide, its corollas yellow.—Rocky and sandy soil, Blue Ridge, Ga. to N. C. 36. H. tuberosus L. Tall, perennial, with tuber-bearing rootstocks: stem simple or branched, robust, T rough, often 2-3 em. thick at the base, light- green: leaves alternate above middle of the stem, in plants o all op- posite: blades ovate, thinnis A short -hispid dE short- miae: beneath, Pa to the d bc ‘contracted ae w to a diim ed petiole, 10—20.0 em. long inflorescence paniculate: heads ae showy: um of the in dee jio s or linear lanceolate, sparingly pubescent, often glabrous, nd ips recurv- ing slightly, very dark ray-flowers with ligu s 2.5-4 em. long: disk relatively small, rarely Ton ope l em. wide, the dE corolla yellow.— (ARTI- M-ARTI CHOKE.)—Mois Or 2 rich soil, various provinces, Fla. Sask., Ont., and N. S.—The plant is commonly cultivated for its edible. a which e near for its wide distribution. as it is native only in the western part of its range. 37. H. strumosus L. Perenni ial, with an often very long branched s Stoek, the roots coarse: stem tall, erect, glabrous or subgl poids sometim little pubescent toward the apex , mostly si mple, sometimes, when very vigo ioe n bra Bn s leaves mostly o opposite: blades broadly per ie iE te, acum t the apex, serrate or serrulate, rounded at the base, the petiole ur p 10-15 cm. long, ee 'setose above, the strumae becoming conspicuously white in dry specimens, much paler beneath, and (in the southern states) pubescent beneath only on the main veins: inflorescence cymose, bra 0 lr ae all opposite: ray-flowers with ligules 2-3 em. long: disk 1-2 wi its corollas yellow: bracts of the involucre E lanceolate; pm usd glabrous, never more than very sparingly pubescent, ciliate, loose but erect —Dry woods, hillsides, and fields, arious provinces, Ga. to Ark., Minn., and Me. 38. H. reindutus (Steele) E. E. Watson. Perennial with rootstocks 7—8 cm. long, the erown buds numerous: stem reddish, especially above, glabrous, rarely a little rough, 1—2 m. high: leaves Spat or sometimes alternate above; blades lanceolate, serrulate, narrowly sessile, firm, glabrous or remotely nee above, very remotely scabrous beneath, the scabra usually = rge and blun os MEL usually appresse ee -ciliate below: inflorescence a 2 ely branched, open panicle, the branches very slender: heads 2. braets of p Seaside n. ppm Tue the disk, loose, often reflexed, scarcely ciliate: CARDUACEAE 1441 disk 1—1.5 em. wide, its florets yellow.—Woods and shale-barrens, Blue Ridge and Appalachia ns N. C. a nd Va.—Similar to H. laevigatus, but differs by its profuse inflorescence, and its pubescent leaves. 39. H. hirsutus Raf. Perennial, with stout abundant profusely branched rootstocks 1-3 dm. long: stem stout, 0.5-1.7 m. hi igh, hispid, often branched, the pubescence spreading or retrorse: leaves opposite ; blades ovate to o vate- lanceolate, thick, rounded or obtuse at the base, on shor rt, stout RA oles 1- 2 em long, m diis above, hispid-hirsute, often densely beneath: «do coh nce e, its branches rarely more than 10-15 em. long: braets of the involucre Ioue M OU very loose, longer than the disk di nda densely hispidu- lous: dci eaa with oval ligules 2 em. long: disk 1-2 em. wide, its corollas yellow.—Open, often rocky Didi river-banks, prairies, b old fields, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Kans., Wisc., and Pa. 40. H. doronicoides Lam. Perennial, wit stout rootstocks with woody roots: stem stout, 1-2 m. high, usually prd softly DL d leaves ea eneath: infl peduncle 1-4-flow re bracts of the pai: linear-lan ceolate, loose, reflexed, longer than the disk, densely pubescent: ray-flowers with oval ligule s, 2-3 em. ong light-yellow: disk about 1.7 em. wide, its corollas yellow, the lobes puberu- nt.—River ee prairies, is woods, various provinces, Ala. to Ark. Mo. a nd Ohio H. resinosus Small. Perennial: stem 1-2 m. high, slender retrorsely hispid: cdd e below but alternate above, or in small plants all oppo- site; blades r oblong-ovate, narrowly sessile, us d with rather long hairs above, nte. but not densely so, and copiously resin-dotted beneath. thin in te xture: heads few on long pe eduncles, either cymose or paniculate: bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, longer than the disk, reflexed, pubes- cent, resin-dotted: ray- bou with ligule es 2-2.5 em. long: disk 1-1.6 em. wide, its corollas yellow, both rays and disk florets copiously resin-dotted. —Woods, Fla. —Very similar " H. tomentosus but more delieat 49. H. validus E. E. son. Perennial: stem slender, 1-2 m. high, branched toward the apex, dr with very fine scabra: leaves alternate ; blades broadly see -elliptic, obscurely serrulate, acute at both ends, 10- ous-setose above, sparingly hispi id and resin-dotted beneath: inflorescence 3— rather large heads Me are solitary on leafy peduneles on the stem is branehes: braets of the involuere linear-lanceolate, sparingly short- o ent or puberulent, scarcely ciliate, rd than the di sk, loose but erect: ray- pecie with ligules 1.5 em. long: di sk 1.5—2 em. wide, its MEM yellow.—Blue Ridge, N. C. 43. H. laetiflorus pad: Perennial, with numerous Br branched root- stocks: stem erect, rough but shining, 1-2 m. high, simple to the inflorescence: leaves opposite, or alternate on the upper part of stem in vigorous : stou cending, not very leafy branches, very handsome: bracts of the involucre ian d peda usually w ith 2-3 dark brown lines: ray-flowers with ligules em. long, deep-yellow: disk 1.5-2.5 cm. wide, its corollas yellow. ea Pu ud woods, and banks, various provinces, Ga. to Mo., and Ill. 80. PHOEBANTHUS Blake. Perennial, Helianthus-like herbs, the stems arising from horizontal tubers. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades typically 91 1442 CARDUACEAE narrow. Heads erect or nearly so, radiate. Involucre hemispherie or de- pressed: braets narrow or broad, vdtinistely lax. ay-flo wers pgs en with a very short tube and a long yellow ligule. Disk-corollas with rie- funnelform throat abruptly narrowed into the short tube. Tilamenis lightly shorter than the anthers. Stigmas linear-lanceolate. Pappus sometimes of sev- eral scales between chaffy awns or teeth.—T wo Ene ies as follows: Leaf-blades linear or linear-lanceolate: involucral bracts appressed: ray-flowers i 1. H. grandiflora. Leaf-blades linear-filiform: involucral bracts spreading: ray- flowers 10-15. i 2. H. tenuifolia. P. grandiflora (T. & G.) Blake. Stem 6-13 dm. tall, simple or sparing gly PE above: leaves mostly pur n linear to "Hnear-lanceolate, 2-6 rev volut eolate r n with laneeolate or ovate tips, hispidulous, the tips rather lax: ray-flowers s 16-20; ligules yellow m. d: ,9 long is ac 5—6 long, narrowly marg wing-margined, strongly ribbed, pubescent about the upper edge, each side ted by a tooth, and one b th ometimes pro- Piet yo z awn. [Helianthella grandi- flora G.]—Pinelands, oak-woods, and i e T pen. Fla —Spr r.—fall. 2. P. tenuifolia (T. & G.) Blake. Stem 3- 11 dm. B simple or sparingly branched above: leaves alternate or opposite or whorled on the N part of the stem; blades linear filifor orm, 3-8 cm. long, acute, entire, revolute, very scabrous: heads showy: involucral bracts linear-subulate to fre onceolete. attenuate, spread- ing: disk 1-2 em. wide: achene unequally 4-angled, 3—4 mm. long, often utely pubescent, the margins prolonged into triangular scales. [Helianthella "err E T. & G.]—Sandhills and pinelands, N Fla.—Spr.-Fal. 81. XIMENESIA Cav. Annual, caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite: blades toothed or somewhat laciniate. Heads peduncled, voluere flatti ar angular. Filaments nearly as long as the anthers. Pappus of short awns.—About 4 species, American. 1. X. encelioides Cav. Plant 3-7 dm. pale- ala ipsas: cep or ae late, 5-1 ong, serrate or incised, ae da ine to linear-lanceolate , 15-20 mm. long: ligules cuneate, 1-2 em. long: achen 7 mm. long, broadly winged. — (SKUNK-DAISY. )—Hammocks and waste- a Key West, Fla., and several points in Ala. Nat. from Tex. to Ariz., and Colo. CARDUACEAE 1443 82. PHAETHUSA Gaertn. Perennial herbs or shrubby plants. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades entire or toothed, more or less decurrent. Heads numerous and clustered. Involucre narrow or broad: bracts not slender-tipped. tube, the ligules white or yellow, or wanting. Disk-corollas with a campanulate rout eontraeted into a shorter tube: lobes lanceolate to usi -lanceolate. f t 3 Filaments ind pid than the anthers. Pappus of 1-3 awns.—Abou species, American.—CROWNBEARDS.—The stem is ridged or E Leaves alternate: ray-fiowers with white ligules. Leaf-blades undulate, sinuate, or serrate. 1. P. virginica. Leaf-blades pinnatifid or pinnately lob ed. 2. P. laciniata. Leaves opposite: ray-flowers with yellow ligules. 3. P. occidentalis. a (L.) Small. Stem 6-18 dm. tall, tomentulose or puberulent: ieat blades etes acters np AE to oval or ovate, 0-21 em. long: larger braets of the QU about 7 mm. long: disk. ere about 5 mm. long: achene winged, 5 mm. pm Md virginica .]-— (FRosT-wEED. ÍNDIAN- pta. —Dry soil, various on. Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Pa. 2. p laciniata (Poir.) Small. Stem 7—16 dm. tall, tomentulose: leaf iR ovate to elliptie “ovate | in outline, 5-22 em. long, the segments etimes ae as oe bracts of the AE about 6 mm. long: disk- corollas about 5 long: inen obovate, 5-6 long: achene with wings as bro as the body, 5 [Verbesina laciniata (Poir) Nut t.] — Pineland and sandy hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C. P. occidentalis (L.) Small. Stem 9-20 pes tall, smooth and glabrous: le af- blades ovate to Ba dq rd 0—20 long: la DE pieds of the involuere about 6 mm. long, broadly linear: ligules 10-15 m ong: achene with very long pa af bristles and wingless or nearly so, p ó mm. long. [Verbesina occidentalis (L.) Walt.]—Rieh soil, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ill, and Pa. 83. PTEROPHYTON Cass3 Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alter- nate or opposite: blades entire or toothed, deourront or sessile. Heads soli- dun broad: ry or few together, long-peduneled. Involucre broad: bracts shorter than the disk. Ray-flowers when e 5—10 pes or neutral, but always ind the ligules yellow or whiti Disk corollas with a eampanulate throat, into a shorter tube: jd triangular-lanceolate to lanceolate. Fila- ser jon than the anthers. Pappus of 1-3 very short, slender awns or wanting.—About 15 species, American. Stem winged: leaves decurrent. I. HETEROPHYLLA. ate m wingless: leaves merely sessile. II. NUDICAULIA. TEROPHYLL Leaf-blades pees beneath, very ie stem jer to the in- florescenc 1. P. helianthoides. 1 iiu by Edward Johnston Alexander. a 1444 CARDUACEAE Leaf-blades hispidulous beneath, somewhat blunt: stem spar- ingly scaly above the middle. 2. P. heterophyllum. II. NUDICAULI dios scabrous: leaf-blades hie or meen slightly ove the middle: heads rayles 3. P. paucifiorum. Foliage hirsute or hispid : leat blades broadest at or below the middle: heads with r 4. P.aristatum. l; P: en (Michx.) Alexander. Stem 5-11 dm. tall finely pu- bescen uci mostly alternate; blades ee to elliptic, 4-19 em. long: 0 linear: Er bens cn A slender pappus-bristles, usually arrowly winged, 5 mm. long. [Verbesina helian tho ides Michx.]- Open ird and thiekets, various provinces, Ga. "MC and Ohio Zi Ps odis am (Chapm.) Alexander. Stem dm. tall, seabro-hispidulous: leaves RE opposite blades elliptie, or elliptic- P cm. long, serrate- dentate: larger ae of the involucre about 7 mm. long, elliptic- oo. ligules 15-20 mm. long: pou 1 ~ eed br Eden E adly v [Verbesina heterophylla p ms A. m ]—Dry susie Fla. 3. P. pauciflorum (Nutt.) Alexander. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, scabrous: leaves P blades elliptic or slightly Aak above the middle e, 3-9 cm. long, lucid: involuere about 1 em. high: ray-flowers wanting: achene with no pappus, narrowly winged, 5-6 mm. long. LActinomeris paucifiora Nutt. Verbesina Warei A. Gray. ]—Low pinelands, W F 4. P. aristatum (Ell) Alexander. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, hirsute to Pe leaves remote; blades Sp: to elliptic- he or ase lanceola te, 3-10 e high: -fl long, scabrous: involucre 5-6 mm. high: ray-flowers 7-12: a ne wit th vum pappus: a very broadly winged, 4-5 mm. n on [Verbesina nudicaulis . Gra V. aristata (Ell) Heller. ]—Pinelands, TAM Plain and adj. e Fla. to Ala., and Ga. 84. RIDAN Adans. Perennial, rather coarse, tall herbs. Leaves alter- nate or opposite: blades usually toothed and decurrent. Heads several or numerous. Involucre narrow: bracts few, spreading or recurving, becoming lax. Ray-flowers few: ligules yellow or wanting. Disk-corollas many, a funnelform throat rather abruptly contracted into the shorter tube: lobes lanceolate. Filaments slightly shorter than the anthers. Pappus of 2 more or less spreading awns, accompanied by 2 or 3 smaller awns, or scales. [Actino- meris Nutt.]—Sum.-fall.—T'wo species, as follows: Ray-flowers 2—8 : disk-corollas yellow. 1. R. alternifolia. Ray-flowers wanting: disk-corollas white. 2. R. paniculata. 1. R. alternifolia (L.) Britton. Plant 6-25 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, 9-30 cm. long: disk-corollas 5 mm. long: achene-body with ciliate wings. ge BT TT dci RC T i 1... dir. Ea LSURU IALíLLGLL SL UELÀsÓHlulroluÁil|Àh||LAAXILLLLILALAZSLLLoUL.UuUAILLU !OALILULLUUL/IZLZZ VE,UEEEEGESALLCY,PIGURLLÁLLEEELLHLSIZEROLLLLLLLLLLLULLLZSCULULLAELLLULLOLLITULILLILAILABLLL!LCLC LU MMC OEC ALIOD DIR MM lli LOILISELIQOS GE LOULLLLLSÉSOLLALLL LLIULILTSEZLLIIOSXAEZ BIIGIBSIBISÓÓCSEILZZIXIES LSU CARDUACEAE 1445 [Actinomeris alternifolia (L.) D C. |—Rieh woods, moist thickets, and roadsides, various provinces, Fla. to La., Ia., and N. J. paniculata (Walt. Small. Plant 6-24 dm. tall: leaf-blades pio: to elliptie or i. elliptic, 8—31 long: disk- corollas 4 mm. long: sence bode with toothed wings. Athanasia paniculata Walt.]—Alluvial soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C. — The typieal habitat of these species is the alluvial flood-plains of creeks and river. There e plants grow very tall and in donee colonie . SYNEDRELLA Gaertn. Annual, pubescent, erect herbs. Leaves opposite: blades usually toothed. Heads E i Involucre simple, nar- row, several-flowered, with 1 or 2 herbaceous ud several chaffy bracts. Ray-flowers few: corolla with a very. slender tube and a yel- low ligule. Disk-corollas with a cylindra- ceous throat and a slender tube nearly or quite as long: lobes broad. Filaments much shorter than the linear anthers oo us of 2 3 awns becoming lon than the OR in the disk.— Two BN tropical American. | 1. S. nodiflorà (L.) Gaertn. Plant 3-8 dm. tall: e a 2E to elliptie, 5—10 em. long, petiole-like bases ie ciliate: poses mm. high; larger bracts narrow: disk-corollas out 4 long: achene 4-5 mm. long, those of the ray elliptic, with m um bristles, on of the disk columnar or clavate.—Sandy soil jm Mis ae Fla. Nat. of t trop. Am.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A., O. W.)— l yea a. CALYPTOCARPUS Less. Annual, v erect, herbs. Leaves opposite: blades toothed. Heads inconspicuous radiate. Involuere several-flow- ered: bracts various, with 3 herbaceous and several pm Ray-flowers few: corolla with a tube shorter than the yellow ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnel- form throat and tube: lobes narrow. Anthers somewhat longer than the fila- ments. Pappus of 2 or 3 awns with a rim at the base.—The following species: Involueral bracts not ciliate: leaf- blades abruptly tapering at the cuneate or subcordate base, broadest below the middle. 1. C. vialis. mo bracts long-ciliate: leaf- blades long-tapering to a : eate base, broadest above the middle 2. C. blepharolepis. LE vialis Less. Stem 1—4 dm. long, branched at the base, the branches erect or prostrate: leaf-blades ovate, 1—3 em. long, serrate, the petiole-like bases 1446 CARDUACEAE Seabee than the blade, hispid: EAT 5-7 m: high; lar TEE r bracts broad: pe corollas long: achene 4-5 mately muricate. —Dry soil and waste- o S ~ to S Tex. (W. I., Mez., C. A.) ll yea 2. C. blepharolepis B. L. Robin Stem branched at the base, bond. Sopa E leaf-blades 2-3 em. long, o les entire nearly so: vien: om ra e on o of the disk muricate.—Ten- — Sum.-fal. — rsen intro- duced, but anr unknown. 86. COREOPSIS L. Annual, or perennial herbs. Leaves various. Heads Jaa radiate. Involucre campanulate to hemispheric: bracts distinct or nearly so, the outer narrow. Hay-Howers several: corollas with yellow, discolored, or pink ligules. Disk-corollas with a iunne form throat and a stout or slender tube. Filaments mostly shorter than the anthers. Achene with entire or pinnate wings, or wingless.—A bout 5 species, American, African, and Australian.—DYE-FLOWERS. TICKWEEDS. Suena with acute or cuspidate tips. eaf-blades or their divisions with entire margins. Stigma-tips euspidate: chaff of the receptacle with broad bases and attenuate filiform tips: p iic simple or pinnately lobed. —Subgenus EUCORE S. l. LANCEOLATAE. Stigma-tips acutely Saute chaff of the receptacle linear or with slightly dilated tips: leaf-blades almately lobed.—Subgenus ANACIS. II, PALMATAE. Leaf-blades evenly toothe d.— Subgenus. SILPHIDIUM. III. LATIFOLIAE. Stigmas with truncate or obtusely conic tips. —Subgenus ALLIOPSIS. Achene wingless. IV. TINCTORIAE. Achene winged. Il with flat blades or divisions, not rush-like. V. ANGUSTIFOLIAE. Leaves thick, rush-like. VI. NUDATAE. LANCEOLATAE n with 2o outspread wings F entire or fimbriate). em Mon AN base, bearing long, naked, peduncle- es Ligules uniformly yellow. Pla a glabrous except the ciliate bases of the . C. lanceolata. Pla nt. Dubcscont except near the WU uda 2. C. crassifolia. Ligules with dark markings near the bas 3. C. nuecensis. Stem leafy to near the s Anges peduncle ane t. Leaf-blades of the main stem broad, simple or with 1-5 small lateral evi 4. C. pubescens. Leaf-blades of the 2n stem pinnately parted into rr eus with Entra wings: petioles ciliate near ase 5. C. grandifiora. Athenes with fimbriate wings: petioles and entire pla ne glabrous. 6. C. saxicola, Achene with strongly mu. entire wings, which become calles: thickened at maturit . C. auriculata. II. PALMATAE Leaves with petioled blades. 8.. C. tripteris. Leaves with sessile blades. 1 Contributed by Frank Ellis Boynton. CARDUACEAE Disk-flowers with yellow corollas. Leaf-segments entire, elliptic-ianceolate or lanceolate. Leaf-segments 1—2-pin nately parted, very narrowly linear or filifor Disk-flowers with p le-brown coro Do of ihe "Teaf- blades comparatively few, 2-4 . broad : internodes longer than the leaves. Divisions of the leaf-blades ar numerous, appearing dense fascicles, 1-2 broad: internodes mostly shorter than the tenes III. LATIFOLIAE Plant with ovate or ovate-lanceolate leaf-blades IV. INCTORIAE Ligules of the ray yellow with crimson-brown base: flowers of the disk with dark-red corollas. Outer involucral bracts much shorter than the inner: achene linear-elliptic, thin, flat Outer involucral bracts Du about as long as the idner: achene obovate, thick, convex ka sc of the ray pink: flowers of the disk with yellow rollas. V. ANGUSTIFOLIAE .Achenes with entire scarious margi ns. ene un or Some ot them, lobed: internodes Leaf-blades simple and entire: internodes mostly much longer than the leaves. Achenes with fimbriate or dissected winged margins is Rs ud larger leaves of an elliptic, lanceolate, or ype. eee DASS little longer than the internodes Lower leaves much longer than the internodes: lades of the basal leaves linear, lanceolate, or linear- o Bosco pointe Leaf-blades simple and entire: ‘achene obovate Leaf-blades often lobed: achenes elliptic, about . long, the wing as wide as the body. Blades of t the basal leaves elliptic or ODL ceo dta obtu DINE o. the larger leaves of an ovate or ovate-lanceolate e opposite; petioles and blades (when young) ciliate-margined. Leaves alternate; margins naked, I. NUDATAE Plant with long-tapering leaves and pink- pony ligules. Q a 1447 . C. major. . C. verticillata. . C. delphinifolia. . C. pulchra. . C. latifolia. . C. tinctoria. . Drummondii. . C. rosea. . C. cardaminefolia. . C. stenophylla. . C. Leavenworthii. . C. Lewtonii. . C. angustifolia. . C. longifolia. falcata. 24. C. gladiata. 27. . C. integrifol . ©. heligninoides. C. nudata. 1. C.lanceolata L. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves spatulate to linear- ne a rarely with = or 2 lateral lobes (in C. lanceolata e oy leaves with narrow blades I h : m rens, woods, and stony fields, various pro- vinces, Fla. to La. and Ont.—Spr.-sum. C. crassifolia Ait. Plant 2-4 d to elliptie, entire, usually pubescent : : 0 t r, 2.0-3 mm. ng.—Dry soil, woods, and old fields, Coastal lo Plain and adj. pr ae neces, Ga. to La and N. C.—Spr.- 1448 CARDUACEAE 3. nuecensis Heller. Plant up to 1 m. tall, usually i Sato blades of the lower leaves ovate to elliptic in outline, us sually pinnately lobed, the lobes elliptic: outer conic bracts lanceolate: ligules Du hos several ed markings near the ped of king h ac together appeari suborbicular, about MÁS . long, the body with a der md callosity a either end within, the wings near s s S broad as the body.—Moist soil, Coastal Plain, S Tex., also mS d Prom OA eastward. 4. ©. pubescens Ell. Plant 6-12 dm. tall, AR leaf-blades ovate to edd E the lobes small when present; outer involueral bracts linear- lanceolate: achene orbicular, about 3 long.—Dry woodlands, thickets, | ad old fields, various provinces, Fla. ie Miss. , Lil, and Va.—Sum.-fall. 5. C. grandiflora Hogg. Plant 3-6 dm. tall, glabrous edid the leaf-bases: blades of the lower leaves nd ate or lanceolate, som s lobe . outer bracts of the involucre lanceolate, 6-9 mm. long: A pev lar, 251 mn i i soil, woods and reel US provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., N. Mex., and Md.—Spr 6. ©. saxicola Alexander. Plant up to 1 m. tall, glabrous throughout: leaf- blades pinnately dissected into linear- MEL B eis outer braets of the pain ee to lanceolate lon cr achene iii 2-3 mm. long, with i d glands on Te inner sr wings more or les fimbri iy iu ted.—Dry soil, on and about Stone Min, in the Piedmont of Ga., also Tallapoosa Co., in the Piedmont of Ala.—Sum 7. C. errs L. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, more or less pubescent: leaf-blades round-oval to elliptic-ovate, sometimes with 1 or 2 small basal outer involucral ee linear- elliptic, 7-9 mm. long: a val, 2-2.5 mm. long.— Dry soil, woods, thickets, and Ie -plaees, various E Fla. po Miss., Tenn. » W. Va. A "Ya —BSpr.- 8. C. teris L. cd 8-30 di. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf- pape deeply puri ided, the divisions elliptic-lanceolate or Dun or those o the upper leaves End outer involucral bracts po 2-9 m . lon ng: e elliptie, yellow w: achene prd 5-6 mm. long.—Woods, river- p, and old fields, various provinces, Fla. to La., Tenn., and Pa cum -—fall. C. or Walt. Plant 5-9 dm. tall pubescent (or glabrous in C. ed "oer leat. ag d with elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate lobes (or lobes very long and narrow in C. major rigida): outer inv olucral bracts linear- “elliptic, 5-6 mm. long: Reis elliptic, 5-6 mm. long. [C. bids Miehx. E T woods, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Tenn., W. Va. —Sum Pe ios F L. Plant 5-9 dm , glabrous: leaf- blades with div or twice aera ed pe linear-filiform lobes: outer ier bd. linear, 5-6 mm. long: achene elliptic- have: 4-5 mm. lon aal Dry acid soil, rocky places, oce and ud various Done rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. to Kans., Nebr. , On t., N. J., and N. C—Sum.—fall. 11. C. delphinifolia Lam. Plant 8-15 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades with the pude division parted into 3-5 ie lobes: outer involueral braets linear, 5-6 mm. lon g: achene elliptic, 5-6 mm. long.—Dry woods, pinelands, and low unde various provinees, Ga. to Ala. and Va. um. 12. C. pulchra F. E. Boynton. Plant 4-7 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades with the primary divisions parted into linear lobes: outer involueral bracts linear, CARDUACEAE 1449 5-6 mm. long: achene pu winged, elliptic-obovate, bout 4 mm. long.— Rocky POT N Ala.—Sum 13. C. latifolia Michx. Plant 9-15 dm. tall, pubescent or glabrate: leaf- blades ovate to ovate- lanceolate, coarsely toothed: outer involucral bracts rots linear, about ong: achene wingless, narrowly ee about 7 mm. long.— Se ooded Eng oe Ridge, N. C. and Tenn.—Sum 14. C. tinctoria L. Plant 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of d lower leaves twice pinnately parted, the lobes linear ar i or line oute involucral ovd E is -lanceolate, abou ong: a ne ` linear- md about 2 . long.—Moist soil, prairies, e "delis, various provinces, La. to Ariz., Sask., and Minn. ; also cult. and naturalized eastward — Sum.- fall. C. Drummondii (D. Don) T. = G. ag t 2-4 Ren je ll pubescent or nearly glabrous: pss of the lower leaves ovate, oval, or lanceolate, fre- rigid entire, or like the upper ones with elliptic or "incus Dunt "lobes (or with very narrow lobes in C. Drummond Wrightii): d Pared bises ies Med 9-0 mm. long: achene boue about 2 lon Dry soil and sandy prairies, Tex., also Eie from CU Iam poii um —Sum 16. C. rosea Nutt. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades linear and scale or ipd 2 or 3 linear lobes: nc bracts of the ra ang lanceolate, 2-3 ong: achene wingless, narrowly elliptic, about . long. —Moist, or ree acid soil, o Plain, and occasionally other erus Ga. to Mas d E Ten o yi (DC.) T. & G. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of th r leaves once or twice pinnately divided into elliptic or linear- Dach D blades of the upper pe dis few-lobed or entire and lin outer involucral bracts lanceolate, 3—4 long: achene eer "2. 0-9 mm long.—Low grounds, various provinces, Miss. to Tex., Ariz. and Kans — Sum. 18. C. gh d Rp F. E. Boynton. Plant 4-8 dm. tall, pid -o of the lower leaves entire and AE 2 mm. wide, or narrow lobes, m of the upper leaves narrowly linear to Slitorm, E uu mes with filiform lobes: outer involucral bracts lanceolate, 1—2 . lon achene elliptie, 1.5-2 mm. long, the wing 14 as wide as the body. — Pinelands, la —Sum.—fall. C. Leavenworthii T. & G. Plant =e Meu tall, E blades of the lower leaves mostly a 2 or more Ad w lobes, usually very narrow, (or broad in C. Leavenworthii Garberi), of the upper leaves mostly entire and narrow: ii involueral braets su n -lanceolate, 1-2 mm. long: achene roundish o iod 2.5-3 mm. bi the wing as broad as the bo dy.— Pinelands and moist prairi s, pen Fla. and the Keys.—All year.—A fusion of this- hot in plant is ud externally ns the Seminoles in cases of heat prostration. 20. C. Lewtonii Small. Plant 3-5 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves 2 or narrowly cuneate, m outer involueral bracts suborbicular, about 2 mm. long: achene not seen.—Low grounds, pen. Fla.—Sum C. angustifolia Ait. Plant 5-7 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves eA or oblanceolate, oo | involucral bracts ovate, 2-3 mm. long: achene oval, 2.5-3 mm. long.—Low pinelands and swampy ' places, eee Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—Sum. “tal l. 1450 CARDUACEAE longifolia Small. Plant 7-10 -dm. tall: gis of ies lower bd linear- -elliptie, eae E or linear, entir outer involueral braet lanceolate, 2-4 mm. long: achene obovate or PNE in outline, ~ 4 mm. lon —Low erm and thickets, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Fall 23. C. falcata F. E. Boynton. Plant 8-12 dm. tall: blades of the leaves Pus ie. entire or with 1 or 2 narrow lobes: Mei involucral ae lanceolate, long: achene elliptic, about 5 mm. long—Swamps and pineland dude id Plain, N. C.—Early sum 24. C. gladiata Walt. Plant 6-12 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves edes or oblanceolate, entire: outer involueral braets broadly. piu bu 3 long: achene elliptic, about 3.5 mm. long .—Swamps and low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Fal 25. oe in e Poir. Plant 6-9 dm. tall: n of the lower e ovate, e: outer involueral bracts elliptic, 4-6 mm. long: achene not see Mo ist Eu "Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Fall. 26. C. helianthoides Beadle. Plant 5-12 dm. tall: blades of the vidi leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, entire: dear involueral bracts lanceolate, 5-9 mm long: achene spatulate, about 3 mm. long.—Low grounds, bogs, a ori Coastal Plain, N Fla. and Ga.—F C. nudata Nutt. b ds 6-12 dm. tall: leaves terete: outer Sanaa bracts ia 4-6 mm. long: rays pink-purple: achene elliptic, about 3 m ong.—Wet pinelands and cypress ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga Soke 7. BIDENS L. Annual or biennial, or rarely perennial, herbs. Leaves opposite or the upper ones sometimes alternate: blades entire, toothed, or divided. Heads erect or nodding. Involuere d the outer braets foliaeeous, the inner appressed. Ray-flowers few an white or yellow ligules, or wanting. JDisk-eorollas with a short tube an a a longer throat: lobes mostly deltoid. Achene flat, terete, or 4-angled. Pappus of 2-4 rigid barbed awns or these much reduced and tooth-like—About 75 species, of wide geographic distribution.—BUR-MARIGOLDS. BEGGAR-TICKS. Achene spindle Shaped, gradually tapering above: ligules of the ray white or yel- lowish whit I, LEUCANTHAE meee flattened, broadest above the middle: ligules of the when present, yellow Ray- -flowers inconspicuous and caducous or wanting. II. VULGATAE. Ray-flowers showy or conspicuous. Leaf-blades undivided: pappus-awns 2—4, retrorsely barbed. III. CERNUAE. Em piinata iden or individually simple: appus-awns 2 0 IV. AUREAE. I. LEUCANTHAE Leaves 1-3-pinnately dissected, the divisions incised or lobed: ray-flowers with inconspicuous, mostly entire ligules 1. B. bipinnata. Leaves 1-pinnate or undivided, the segments evenly ‘erenate- serrate: ray-flowers with showy and lobed ligules. 2. B. pilosa, II. VULGATAE Leaves usually undivided: pappus awns 3 or 4. Disk-corollas pale, 4-lobed: achene- nares strongly, re- trorsely barbed throughout; involucre long. 3. B. comosa. 1 Contributed by Karl McKay Wiegand. CARDUACEAE 1451 ud orange, 5-lobed: barbs of the achene-margins irected both i involucre Short. 4. B. connata. iioii. ES divided : pappu ns 2. AW long, usually Perret barbed : achene-body 5—11 mm. DUE involucral bracts 10-16, ciliate, the inner con- ; stricted at the tip: disk- corollas pale b. B. vulgata. Outer bracts 6-8, nearly ae ous, the inner not con- stricted: disk-corollas oran 6. B. frondosa. des short, erect-barbed: B hene. body 4-5.5 mm. long: leaf- blades long-acumin T. B. discoidea. III NUAE Outer involueral bracts exceeding the disk, foliaceous: ray- flowers with ligules twice the length of di sk or less: achene oo at the summit. 8. B. cernua. Outer bracts rarely a ae the disk : ray-flowers with ligules -4 times the length of disk: achene not dilated above. Blades of the upper cauline leaves elliptic-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate, mostly sharply serr 9. B. laevis. Blades of the upper cauline leaves spatulate, obovate, oval or elliptic, obtuse, abruptly pointed or a acutish, nearly en- tire, shallowly serrate, or crenate-serrate. 10. B. Nashii. IV. AUREAE Achene 6—8 mm. long, ciliate, In fruit obovate. Inv olucre nearly glabrous: pappus-awns slender or wanting. 11. B.aristosa. Involucre hispid: achene bidentulate. 12. B. involucrata. - In fruit narrowly cuneate, 2—2.5 mm. wide, short-awned. 13. B. coronata. Achene 2—4 mm. long, not ciliate, the awns very short. 14. B. mitis. B. bipinnata L. Stem 3-17 dm. ll glabrous or nearly so, 4-angled, nee ched and rather pues primary ers -segments thin, deltoid, the ultimate one lanceolate, inc ised d: than in- e places, various provinces, Fla. to Ariz, Nebr., and R. I—(W. I. Mew. C. A., S Pepe B. osa L. Stem F dm. tall, bd 4-10 dm. hi igh, n arly o - qui uite glabrous: leaf-segments cu Or ME o 2-8 cm. long, ee er enate- serrate: outer bracts of the involucre about 8, linear- -elliptie, Hn shorter yp the inner: rays white, the ligules 1-2 cm . lon ng, broadly cuneate, 2—3-lobed, iiss awnless, few- barbed toward summit: disk- a 5: toothed : Pee athe erted: achene spindle-shaped, very unequal, the inner much longer than the “involuere awns 2-4, short, yellow, retrorsely barbe d. [B. leucantha L. ]— (SHEPHEF S-NEEDLE. — Sandy soil, cult. grounds, roadsides, and waste- aie Coastal Plain, Fla. and cub in S Ga. and Ala.—(W. I., Mez., C. A.,O. W.)—Al y E anes es Gray) Wiegand. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, pale RT t, glabro he branches short, stout: leaves undivided, 8 c : blades eee S regularly serrate, acute, each attenu ate are a margined petiole, or the upper sessile: heads large: peduncles short and stout: outer 1452 CARDUACEAE uns of the involucre 6-8, often 2-5 times the length of the disk, erect: rays anting: disk-corollas funnelform, pale- yellow, P stamens included: irum large, flat, 8-10 mm. long, 3 mm. w ide, brown or olive, nearly smooth and glabrous, anargined to “the base, er 3 en awns e ely ba rbed.—Dam soil, rich p s, and sandy shores, various provinces, Ga. to La., Minn., and Fal 4. B. connata Muhl. Stem 3-14 dm. tall, sparingly branched, glabro bright-green: leaf-blades undivided or vow of the lower deeply pa D bius late to elliptic, acuminate, AE d to Pd coarsely and saliently ser- rate: heads medium; outer ne of a ae e 4—5, linear- spatulate rarely exceeding the disk, glabrous: rays 7 arely resent the ligules one-half longer than the disk, the ovaries vae s, and hairy: disk-corollas oed above, 9-lobed, orange: achene 4-6 mm. long, ra "e narrow and thick, i black, covered with ye ellowish pun some or all marginal barbs erect; aw der, with retrorse, nearly erect po Hed BEGGAR-TICKS. y Swamps "m ditches, various provinces, N. C. to Mo., Minn., and N. H.—Fal ata Greene. Stem 7-15 dm. tall, much branched, nearly glabrous: leaf- blades commonly 5-divided, the segments lanceolate, straight-veined, acute, a it u lar sh : S e 15-25 mm. wide: ho braets of the involuere 10—16, unequal, usually longer than the disk, ciliate, the inner with abruptly narrowed tips: rays pale-yellow, the nem pud s the disk, the ovaries awnless and nearly glabrous: disk-corollas inpar pale, 4—5 lobed: stamens included: i large; body 6-11, 7.5-9 . long, 3.5-5 mm. wide, very flat, brown or olive, nearly s smooth, the 9 long awns and the upper part of the achene- -margins retro rsely ba rbed. — (STICK- TIGHT.)—Damp soil, waste-places, and roadsides, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C. to Mo., Calif., B. C., and Ont.—Fall. 6. B. frondosa L. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, slender, bushy-branched, nearly glabrous: "n blades pase 3-divided or rarely 5-divided, the segments lanceolate, serrate with sharp spreading teeth, acuminate: heads not large: outer bracts of the involuere 6—8, subequal, spatulate, sparsely ciliate, usually exceeding the disk: rays usually present golden- yellow, the ligules equ ualin ng the isk, the scu) - iry and with e dna awns: disk-eorollas -lo e a margins erect, those the 2 awns reflexed or rarely erect.—Damp soil, often a eed, various usen Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and N. B.—Sum.-fall. B. discoidea (T. & G.) Britton. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, slender, diffusely ee nearly or quite a leaf- blades "i divided, the segm ments ieee: late or ovate- lanceolate, a em. long, sharply and e coarsely serrate below the entire long-acuminate tip: eads very small and numerous, 8-10 mm. broad: outer bracts of the Involuere mostly 4, spatulate Mu Bu exceeding the s _ rays : disk-corollas orange, 5-lobed: achene small body 4—5.5 , bla ck, cuneate, thiekish, tuberculate or nearly smooth, hairy, the us an nd t short M erect-ba dus d —Swamps, rx hare and low wo pap various ps un Ala. to Tex., Mich., Mass., and N. C.—Lat ate sum.— fall. 8. B. cernua L. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, n n green, nearly glabrous; the a uis very short, decreasing down the leaf-blades undivided, 6-16 long, lanceolate or linear- Tanceolate more or E connate by the broad bases s, acuminate, serrate with coarse distant teeth: heads very d broader than high, nodding in fruit: outer bracts of the involucre 7-8, unequal, ex- ceeding the disk and spreading: rays usually present, bright-yellow, the ligules CARDUACEAE 1453 about one-half longer than the disk, the ovaries glabrous except the margin, and awnless: disk- d orange, 5-lo bed: achene narrowly cuneate, slightly dilated at the summit, 4-angled, the e retrorsely oe nd tubercu- sae the awns 4, slen der, erunt barbed.— ( STICK-TIG )—Swamps and wet eado n various provinces, rarely bu Plain, N. C. da , Ore., and N. (0. W.)—Sum.—fall. 9. B. laevis P. Stem 5-14 dm. tall, glabrous, 5-10 m high, the bane all toward the d of the stem, slender, ascending: leaf blades ne 7-13 em. lon ng; blades ur LET. serrate with small incon- ard | : heads medi s in the achene cuneate, neither dilated nor contracted at the top, not tuberculate, the margins and 2-4 ia retrorsely barbed. [B. chrysanthemoides Mich x.]— WILD-GOI —Swamps and low woods, P E Plain and adj. prov- inces, Ga. to Ala., poem N. Y., and Pa.—Sum.-fal 10. B. Nashii Small Similar to the next preceding species but slightly suc- culent, less branched: leaves ascending; blades broader and thieker, elliptic- ith 2 te Plain, Fla. to Tex.—Sum.-fall The plants sf this P * the next preceding EDI are slightly fleshy. 1l. B. aristosa (Michx.) Britton. Stem 8-10 dm high, much-branched: leaf-blades pinnately 5—7-divided, the segments lanceolate, acuminate, oe ised incised or pinnatifid, slightly pubescent beneath: heads numerous, 2-5 em. road: outer bracts of the involucre 8-1 0, i. -spatulate e, rarely cilia te, not surpassing the Ear. rays 6—10, the ligules golden-yellow, the ovaries ciliate and awnless: achene obovate, flat, strigose and hispid-ciliate; awns 2, slender, as long as the achene-body or shorter, the iar erect or reflex ed (or the pap- pus-awns wanting in B. aristosa mutica).—Swam mps, various provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Tex. to Kans. , Minn., and Ohio, and adv. eastward.—Sum.-fall. 12. B. involucrata (Nutt.) Britton. Stem 3-10 dm high, much- branched, minutely pubescent: leaf-blades pinnately divided, the segments narrow, linear- lanceolate, incised or pinnatifid, long-acuminate: heads 3-5 r d: te bracts of the involucre 12-20, pir aeutish, hispi d margins, S awnless, ciliate throughout: disk« -corollas 5-lobed: stamens exserte very fl at, obovate, slightly d at the top, strigose-ciliate, bidentulate.— Swamps, various provinces, Tex. to Kans. and IlL, and adv. eastward.—Sum.— fall. 13. oronata (L.) Britton. ud 9-20 dm. tall, glabrous, much-branched: hem blades reed divided, h 4—8 na e ERR serrate or incised nate segments: he ide 4-6 em. broad: outer bracts of the involu- aa B EN ciliate, d a g the disk: rays several, the ligules ben ia. 12-95 mm. long, the ovaries bidentulate at ee Menge disk- corollas deep yellow, 5-lobed: meas exserted: achene n wly cuneate, slightly strigose-ciliate above; awns 2, about e equaling the breadth of the achene, erect-barbed. [B. trichosperma Eon iau ]—Swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., I, and Mass.—Sum.- B. mitis (Michx.) Sherff. Stem 3-10 dm. tall glabrous or nearly so, Mc leaf-blades 7—12 cm. long, 3-5-divided or rarely mostly simple, the 1454 CARDUACEAE segments lanceolate, acuminate, serrate m linear and almost or quite entire, and achenes awnless, in . mitis leptophylla), the lateral much sm aller: head 5 em. : xt j i E 5-lobed: stamens exserted: spares very small, 2 m. long, glabro very short, tooth-like. [B. coronata (L.) Britton. Le E SEU in redis ish marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Va.—Sum.-fal . COSMOS Cav. Annual or perennial, usually tall, widely branched herbs. Leaves opposite: ii entire, lobed, or 2-3-pinnately di ssected. Heads peduneled, showy. Involuere nearly hemispheric: bracts unequal, the outer sometimes smaller than the inner. Ray-flowers few: corollas with pink, purple, yellow, or n ligules. Disk-corollas yellow in our species, with a funnelform throat and a shorter tube. Filaments as long as the an- thers or nearly so, dá pubescent. Achene beaked. Pappus of 2-4 barbed awns, or a crown.—About 20 species, tropical Ameriean.—Spr. —fall or all year 8. Leaf- oe broad, elliptic, lanceolate, or linear. Li s pink or rose, mostly less than 2 cm. long. 1. C. caudatus. Ligu i orange- yellow, mostly over 2 em. long. 2. C. sulphureus. Leaf-segments filiform or linear-filiform 3. C. bipinnatus. 1. C. caudatus H. B. K. Stem 7-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades 2 a panne ddr the BL. ewes or linear: involucral bracts linear or nearly so: ray flow 7-12; ligules pink or rose-colored, West, Fla. Nat. of trop. Am. and cult C. sulphureus Cav. Stem 2-21 im ia pubescent, much-branched: e 2-pinnately parted, the segments elliptic or lanceolate: volucres braets linear: ray- OW 1 places, pen. Fla. Nat. of trop. Am. ult. 3. C. bipinnatus Cav. Stem 3-30 dm. tall, usually glabrous or nearly s leaf-blades 2-pinnately divided, c segments Temote and filiform or linear-fili- cts of two ki t r ory oluc elliptic: ray-flowers 8-10; ligules pin nk crimson or white, 2-4 c ong: achene fusiform, 1-1.5 em. long, the beak uid than the eri — Pinelands, waste- places, and cult. grounds, Fla. Nat. of trop. Am. and c ENDORIMA Raf. Perennial or biennial, usually simple- -stemmed herbs. dieses alternate, pom blades narrow, entire. Involuere thick: bracts herbaceous, the outer ones broad, the inner ones longer and narrower. Ray- flowers numerous: corollas with narrow yellow or purple ligules. Disk-corollas 1 Revised by Edward Johnston Alexander. CARDUACEAE 1455 with a narrowly funnelform throat and a shorter tube. Filaments nearly as long as the anthers. Pappus of 7-9 elliptic or lanceolate scales. Achene pubes- cent.—Two species; as follows: Disk dark-purple: lower cauline leaves ee em. long. 1. E. atropurpurea. Disk yellow: lower cauline leaves 4-6 cm. long. 2. E. uniflora. 1. E. atropurpurea Soe ar Small. Plant 6-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear- spatulate; narrower bracts of the involucre ig mm. long: ligules linear-cuneate: corollas of a ae mostly less th 0m = g: m much shor e th: [Ba "a" wina UU DEG dad Mon Ded. Coastal Plain, S. Ga.—Fall. uniflora (Nutt.) Barnhart. . Plant 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate to linear: narrower brae he involuere 10-11 g: ligules spatulate: corollas of the disk mostl 6.5 long: filaments nearly as long as the anthers. [Balduina uniflora Nut Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La . C— ].— Endorima and Acti ospermu m are peculiar in having the bractlets of the eg ae partly eonereted into honeycomb-like strue- ture which partly eae the achenes. 90. ACTINOSPERMUM Ell. Annual or bi iennial, branching herbs. Leav es alternate, often numerous: ag: very narrow, entire. Involucre thick: bracts in several series, in the inner nar- rower and longer than " Ray- owers numerous: corollas with SEHE broad yellow ligules. Disk-corollas with a cylin- a drie-campanulate thro a very short or be: lobes lanceolate. Fila- ments shorter than the anthers appus of e -12 obovate-orbieular seales. Achene pu- bescent.—One species. A. E de sh) T. & G. Plant dm ou l bracts minat -flowers 8- : Babes d d en -yellow, less than 2 cm. ous: disk-corollas 4-5 m long; 1 obes lane e turbinate, about 2 mm. long.—Sandhills, pine: ee and oak, Coastal "Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—Spr.—fall or locally all yea 91 MARSHALLIA Schreb. Perennial, rigid herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire. Heads discoid. Involuere campanulate or hemispherie: braets broad or narrow. Ray-flowers wanting. Disk-corollas white, pink, or purple, with a campanulate or obsolete throat and a long slender tube: lobes linear or nearly so. Filaments somewhat shorter than the anthers. Pappus of 5 or 6 nearly equal seales.—About 10 species, natives of the southeastern United States.—BARBARA 'S-BUTTONS. 1456 CARDUACEAE Bracts of the involucre attenuate or subulate-tipped. I. GRAMIN IFOLIAE. Bracts of the involucre obtuse or merely acute or apiculate. II. OBOVATAE. I. AMINIFOL Basal and lower cauline leaves En mc elliptic to elliptic-ovate, obtuse blades. 1. M. graminifolia. Basal and lower cauline leaves with elongate linear-attenuate 3-ribbed blades Heads iseüoncred? er involucral bracts less than 6 mm. long: pappus- E ovate. 2. M. laciniarioides. Heads many-flowered : longer involucral bracts over 6 mm. long: pappus-scales lanceolate. 3. M. Williamsonii. II. OBO iiu eio one (3-3.5 mm.), half as Mens as the tube or Outer bracts of the involucre acute: upper cauline leaves oad, markedly acuminate o branches of the involucre obtuse or abruptly pointed : upper cauline nb e a end or slightly acuminate. 5. M. grandiflora. Corolla-throat very short (1—1.5 mm.). Brac a E of the receptacle spatulate or markedly clavate- aN . M. trinervia. . M. obovata. ou BR ER = f Nn ke pato B c et e Q» Bractlets of the receptacie li linear, or, A Eo slightly en- a ge of of the involuere obtuse or mi y acutish. 7. M.ramosa. 8. M. Mohrii. 1. M. graminifolia C Walt.) icum: Plant 2-11 dm. tall, the stem simple or y er dade brane and lower cauline leaves 3- 12 ¢ m. long, with I eS S anthera Ell.] Moist pinelands and prairies, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—5um. M. laciniarioides Small. Plant 3—4 dm. alt the stem usually with few erect ET above: basal and lower eauline leaves 3-17 em. long, with spatulate to lud pis acut umina pes upper cauline leaves smaller, several or many, with narrowly linear blades: outer ue of the involuere ovate- lanceolate 5-6 mm. long, with broad margins, rather cin au narrowed to a long tip: corolla-tube k than 5 mm . long: achene 1-1.5 mm. long. Sandy soi Coastal Plain, Ga. to S. C.—Sum 3. M. Willi ii Small. Plant similar to that of M. V dee but e and leaves fewer: blades of the basal and lower cauline leaves 8-21 cm. long, with li pM e to linear acuminate blades: upper aie leaves fev with narrowly linear blades: outer bracts of the involuere fue late, 7-8 mm. long, with rather made margins, acuminate: corolla-tube 6-7 mm. long: schen 2.5—3 mm. long.—Sandy pine woods, Coastal Plain, S. C. and N. C. E —fal 4. M. trinervia (Walt.) Porter. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, the stem piis pue rarely with one or few erect branches: basal and lower cauline leav weg long with spatulate or ‘elliptic obtuse or acute 3-veined blades 25005 ed i ong petiole-like bases; upper cauline leaves with elliptic, elliptic- oie or lanceolate markedly acuminate blades: outer bracts of the involucre ovate- CARDUACEAE 1457 lanceolate or oe ee $ Na re 7-10 mm. long, strongly ribbed: ube 7— corolla-t 8 mm. long: e 3-4 mm. long, the pappus scales subulate- tipped, about half a. as long a ae ndis ene.—Pinelands and damp woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. to Miss., Tenn., and Va.—Spr.-sum inen: Beadle & Boynton. E aud 2—10 dm. tall, thirteen ty p mple > bas l and lower cauline leaves 3—19 em. long, with elli iptie, spatulate, e Da blades; upper cauline bom with linear- rus ie to lanceolate- Ad or slightly acuminate blades: outer bracts the ur ae near a s a elliptic, obtuse or abruptly pointed, mon donec arro argined: tube 8-11 mm. long: achene 3.5-4 m long, the ede fe fully a as long as the achene apie: river-banks and open md Blue Ridge and Appa- Jachian Plateau, N. C. and Pa.—Spr.- - M. powers (Walt.) Beadle & Boyton. Plant 1-7 dm. tall, the stem typically mple: basal and loweral cauline leaves 2-12 em. long, with linear, spatulate, elliptic. -ovate or obovate mostly obtuse blades; upper cauline leaves rarely pres- ent: outer eb of the ipic adus or linear-elliptie, 6-8 mm. long, obtuse or abruptl E undc very owly margined: corolla-tube 7-8 mm. long: achene 3-3. ong, the oe apne. -seales less than half as long as the achene. oa [M. 2000010 E (M. A. Cur rtis) Beadle & Boynton]—Pinelands and dry woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Spr.-sum. . M. ramosa M x adele swear 1.5-6 dm. tall, the stem corymbosely branched above: leaves many; bla of the basal and "lower cauline 3-21 em. long, narrowly a ule a linear, Rie or acutish, those of the upper cauline linear or narrowly linear- lanceolate: outer braets of "the mo linear, lanceo- late, or narrowly ar 7 5-7 mm. long, obtuse P ds E na A as argined: corolla-tube abou lon ri achene about ong, the pappus-scales about half as i. as pr me Cc and. a w Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Ga.—Spr.-su 8. M. Mohrii Beadle & Boynt Plant 2-7 dm. tall the dd sparingly corymbosely branched above: ie pus A of the basal and lower cauline spatulate to ee pee pare upper cauline ig Janeenlate to lanceolate: outer bracts of the inv deb elliptic to a olate, 5-9 n long, inn rather obseure ugs dies ud. corolla-tube 6—8 m Eu sca. pom t4 m. lon ng, the pappus seales fully half as ong as the achene, —Low grounds and p: woods, Appalachian Plateau, Ga. an —S um. 92. GALINSOGA R. Annual, tender herbs. Leaves opposite blades toothed. Heads radiate. Involuere eampanulate or hemispheric: bracts relatively broad. Ray-flowers 4 or 5: corol- las with a pubescent tube and broad white to purpl gule. Disk-eorollas with campanulate throat and a tube of abo E the same length. Anthers ellipsoid. Achene nearly or quite as long as the corolla. Pap- us of the ray of several bristles or want- ing, of the disk of lacerate or fimbriate bristles.—About 5 species, of tropieal and temperate Ameriea. G. ciliata (Raf.) Blake. s l-7 dm. 1. tall, often branched, the pubescence coarse and spreading, often Edu. “leat: blades 92 1458 CARDUACEAE ovate to Reise 2-5 em. long, pe e uu re 2-2.5 mm. high; outer braets ov obtuse: ligules white, 1-1.5 vide: disk- a E about 1.5 mm. long: i less than 2 mm. a PUE iege minutely fimbriate and aristate. ([G. diui, (Fl SE. S. In > eult. grounds, and waste-places, throughout U. S. and S a of S. —(W. , Mex 4.) —Sum.-fall.—A. Sd. arly pestiferous “weed of SU. rapid growth and seeding as to make eradieation extremely difficu parviflora Cav. with much smaller ray-flowers, pr pubescence, and d scales fimbriate, but not aristate, often occurs with G. ciliata nort th of our range, and may be looked for in N. "CG. and Tenn, or further S. 93. TR L. Perennial, caulescent, decumbent herbs. Leaves op- posite: blades incised-toothed or pinnately dissected. Heads radiate. In- erous p About 12 species, tropical American 1. T. procumbens L. Plant branched at the base, the branches hirsute: leaf-blades ovate to ovate-lanceo late, 2-5 cm. E in- eised or incised-lobed: involue 6-7 high; braets hispidulous, the Cue lanceolate, the inner broad and abruptly pointed: ligules as broad as long: of the disk about 2 mm I hammocks, and cult. eru "S Lx . Fla. and the Keys. ' Nat. p (W. I.) 94. HYMENOXYS Cass. Annual, biennial, or perennial, erect, cau- lescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades pinnatifid or pinnatisect, the segments usually narrow. Heads radiate, or (in n ours) discoid, peduncled. Involuere often campanulate or hemispheric: bracts in 2 series, the outer smaller than the inner, firm and more or less united at the base. Ray-flowers, when present yellow or orange, few or several, pistillate, fruit-producing: ligules 3-lobed. Disk-flowers numerous, perfect, fruit-producing: corollas yellow, with a short tube and a cylindric or Pappus of 5 seales.—Seven species, North American. nr "m "yt MITTERE 1. H. anthemoides (Juss.) Cass. Ste oi branched ents the branches ascending COR Od j or diffuse: leaf-segments narrowly line linear-filiform: peduncles RA fiut ted, en- larged under the head: involuere broadly CARDUACEAL the lor achene inner pe or elliptie-obovate, 4-5 mm. lon 2— long, densely appres ssed- Sub Sect 2.0 mm. ida than the aehene.—Waste-places, Coastal Plain, Ala. Sun 95. HELENIUM L. An herbs. Heads solitary, few, or numerous. Involucre flattish: ceptaele conic, ellipsoid, or subglobose. eve with cuneate yellow or red-stained ligules. ovate lobes. Achene ribbed. pus —About 25 species, North American.—SNEEZEWEEDS. Ray-flowers Be or wanti de Plant annual or rarely biennial. av a with EUN wly eee or linear-filiform blades, not decurrent. ves with broader blades, more or less decurrent. ads corymbose. or 3 on long peduncles, TENUIFOLIA I. Leaves numerous; blades entire: pappus-scales awn-tipped.. II. UADRIDENTA Leaves few; blades of the lower ones Sud lobed: pappus- -scales rounded. III. AUTUM Disk mostly over 1 em. wide: disk-corollas ps 3 mm. ong. Disk — less than 1 em. wide: disk-eorollas about 2.5 vide. IV. NUDIFLORA Disk yellov Disk Dun or dark- vidue Upper part of the stem branches with wings wide or less: upper ie: leaves much smaller than the lower one Upper part of ihe stem and branches with wings 2 mm. wide or more: upper cauline leaves not conspicuously smaller than the lower ones. V. HELENIA Disk yellow. Receptacle oid or ovoid-conic: disk subglobose to hemis nens bracts of the involucre early reflexed. Pappus- scales dissected into bristle-like segments: .5 em. wide. uua -scales entire or merely erose: wide. je ide and disk depressed- e or convex bracts of the involuere spreading or tardily re- disk about 2 curv ree glabro us or merely glandular-granular. t it on the ribs. Disk San or bro . tenuifolium Nutt. Plant 2-4 dm. leaves involueral bracts linear-subulate P" Dac 1. cm. long : 1459 campanulate; bracts finely pubescent, the m ovate, tubercled at the pdt ng, onger than the ou pappus-seales Ed . of S. ke Nat 5. nual, biennial, or perennial, bitter, caulescent Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, often decurrent. bracts spreading or re- Ray-flow Disk-corollas with broa of 5-8 acuminate or awn-tipped dn rers several, i I. TENUIF II. QUADRIDEN TAT A. lII. At IV. NUDIFLORA. n HHELENIA. 1. MH. tenuifolium. . H. quadridentatum. H. latifolium. . H. parviflorum. . H. parviflorum. C . H. nudiflorum. c . H. polyphyllum. (. H. fimbriatum. . H. Curtisii. 9. H. x us 10. H. ven 11. H. Dco CUN blades 1-5 mm. long: ligules numerous; 4-7 1460 CARDUACEAE 7-12 mm. long: pappus -scales prolonged into ae awns.—(YELLOW-Dick. BITTER- ED. SPAN sadi) elds, roadsides, j a. o. and S Va. Me ive NE t mud Mass —Sum fall. uadridentatum Labill, Ei 3—10 coming 4-6 mm. long: ligules 3-5 mm. long: pappus-seales orbieular-oval.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—Spr.- fall. 3. H. derer Ups Plant 2-9 dm. tall: leaf- od sare or ace broadest above middle or below it, 3-12 em. long, er prom d toothed: Suc bracts linear-lane eolate or narrow er, zT. mm. lon ligul es 10-20 mm. long: dis eae Cor He about mm. long. P autumnale L. in i E aay and lo v grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Min Que., and Conn.—Sum utt. Plant 2-8 dm. tall, much branched: leaf-blades elliptie to DA dass. 3—12 em. long, shallowly Vende A E braets lin ear-subulate , 6-9 mm. long: ligules 6-10 mm. long: disk yellow; corolla about 2.5 o mm. eoe ow r grounds, C rone Plain and adj. zh inces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., Tenn., and Ga.—Sun 5. H. nudiflorum Nutt. Plant 2-10 dm. tall, corymbosely branched above: Tu blades oblanceolate to elliptic or linear -12 em. long, those of the low cud = ae toothed: involucral br acts narrowly linear to linear-subu- ic "5 7m ong: ligules 10-15 mm. long.—Low grounds, prairies, and flat- woods, various Edel Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Md.; adv. NE to Conn — Spr. —fall. 6. H. Ru eun Small. Plant 3-8 dm. tall: M blades elliptie to aa E 2—10 cm. long, undulate or remotely to toothed: involuer a K acts owly linear to lue subulate, 5-8 mm. long: ligules 6-12 m ong: dis E Du rplish : corel 2 mm. lon ng. —Fi pom ‘meadows, and thickets, niue provinees, Ga. and Tenn.—Sum.-fal 7. H. fimbriatum (Michx.) A. c Plant 4-8 dm. tall: leaf- oe o spatulate to cn i a near, 4—12 c dus one ped m al bra subulate, 7-10 m g, reflexed : ligul ong: disk corollas E mm. —Sum.— long: achene 1 mm. ‘to d —Low Dus pom Pla. Fla. to Tex fall. 8. H. ii A. Gray. Plant 5-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblanceolate to linear, Hes m. long, undulate: involueral bracts lanceolate to lance-subulate, 5-8 mm. long; ligules 1.5-2 cm. long: disk corollas 4.5-5 mm. long: achene 1.5 mm. long.—Low nci and marshes, Coastal Plain, N. C.—Spr.—sum. H. dics be Smal. Plant 3-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear or -1 nearly s . long, undulate or acid few- pup involueral braets ra ear or “linear ial 5-9 mm. long: ligul phar ch . long: di ES icd ong: achene 1-1.5 mm. long. EH. m (T. & G.) Wood]— ug low pinelands, and about ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. a '$. C. — fall. 10. H. vernale cur Plant 3-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate to linear, 6-15 em. long, toothed or mo -pinnatifid: involueral bracts lance- subulate, 5-6 mm. long, ee ligules 1 cm. long: disk corollas 4-4.5 mm. long: CARDUACEAE 1461 -2 mm. long. [H. abd d d uini EUN pinelands Ha a Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. Li. SL arenas (Nutt.) A. Gray. Plant 3- : dm. tall: leaf-blades spatu dul te to linear, em. long, entire, or un e: involueral braets linear- laneeolate to o 8-10 mm. long: ligules Ls 9 em. long: disk-flowers 4 mi ng: aehene 1.5 mm. long. o ace Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.-s 96. GAILLARDIA Foug. Annual, biennial, or perennial, often diffuse herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Heads erect, radiate and showy, or sometimes discoid. Involucre broad or flat: bracts ultimately spreading or reflexed. ay-flowers ge the corollas with prominently lobed yellow, ice red, or purple ligules, or wanting. Disk- corollas with a short tube, a longer throat, and deltoid, triangular-lanceolate or caudate-acuminate lobes. Achene 5-ribbed. Pappus of 6-12 awned, 1-nerved seales.—About 20 species, all except one North American.—BLANKET- FLOWERS. FIRE-WHEELS. BANDANA-DAISIES. Fimbrillae of the receptacle obsolete or very small es like projections: lobes of the disk-corollas caudate-aeuminate from a broad bas I. LANCEOLATAE Fimbrilae of the receptacle subulate or setiform, EON than the achenes: lobes of the disk-corollas short- acuminate. II. PULCHELLAE. I. LANCEOLATAE sk light-yellow. Di 1. G. chrysantha. Disk purplish or purplish-brown. 2. G. lanceolata. II. PULCHELLAE Plant herbaceous: leaf-blades thin. 3. G. Drummondii, Plant partly woody: leaf-blades fleshy. 4. G. picta. G. chrysantha Sm ao Plant annual or biennial, finely pubescent, 3-6 dm tall, usually with few elongate more or Eos spreading branches: leaf- blades spa atu late or elliptic- ck on the lov part of the di Ae linear or Kec ES il above, 2-8 ong, undulate or remotely sinuate- ole qu long-peduneled: in- volueral braets 7—11 n long, th r triangular or lanceolate-triangular, the inner lanceolate: ligules of th y-flowers yellow, 1.5 l 3-cleft, the middle lobe the narrowest: disk ht-y ; 0—2 broa achene about long C out 2 —Pine- lands and sandy prairies, ae tal Plain, Ala. to Tex. and Ark —Spr. —fall. 2. G. lanceolata Michx. Plant ari or sometimes biennial, cinereous-pubes , 3-7 dm. tall, loosely branche d, p icles long and spreading: jen blades bM to elliptie or linear y; 1.5 -Be . long, acute, entire or remotely serrate, sessile, at least above the base of the Cat heads long- -pedunc icled: ves enn cit rr to e 8—12 mm. long, acute or acuminate: ligules of the d M yel- low, 1.5-2 cm. long, 3-cleft: "es dus ish or pu estin » 5—2 em. broad: i dE na E or nearly so: achene 1.5-2 mm. long.—Pinelands, dry woods, rocky banks, and prairies, various Do. inees, Fla. to Tex., Ru and S. C= Spr.-sun um. G. Drummondii (Hook.) DC. Plant annual, 6 dm. tall or less, the bs ches puberulent and somewhat villous: leaf- blades Norm to oblanceolate and undulate to pinnatifid on the lower part of the stem, lanceolate to linear- 1462 CARDUACEAE lanceolate above, entire, MD or distantly toothed, Nu heads slender- peduneled: involueral brac 12-20 mm. lon ng, or rarely shorter, linear- AE usually um A long-attenuate, N a ciliate; ligules o cA flowe rs E bes. pee usually purple, except the yellow tips: achene ong o ee strigose.—Dry soil, prairies, open ae Ru cult. rs. mo RUN Plain, S "Fla. and Tex.—(Mez.)—Spr.-fall, or all y 4. G. picta Sweet. Plant bos. but flowering the first year, becoming woody f 3 dm. tall or less, the branehes puberulent and densely long- hairy: leaf-blades spatulate and pinna pu on the lower part of ae stem, linear hi us olate and Da entire the upper pa a GE essile: heads d peduneled: involueral bra uno lanceolate, mostly 9— 15 mm. long, acuminate, pce n "pubescent P ciliate: ligules of o a -flowers 15-241 mm. long, purple sometimes yellow-tipped: achene about 2 mm. long, strigose.—Coastal Endo Fla. to Tex. and S. C. — Spr. —fal. 97. HYMENOPAPPUS L'Her. Biennial or perennial, erect herbs. Leaves alternate: blades pinnatifid or dissected, or rarely entire. Heads discoid, eorymbose. Involucral bracts peta- loid. p eorollas white or pink, becoming 1 obsolete.—About 7 species, North American. 1. H scabiosaeus L’Her. Stem 3-7 dm tall, glabrate or thinly tomentose: leaf- segments cae coarse, rA a — entire or with ovate to e n. C ms ii -€- -— - EA 4 Zooe e ' ar ri ryin son metimes smaller : E: ER obovate, a about 0 0.5 mm. 98. POLYPTERIS Nutt. Perennial, tal, branching, rigid rbs. dr alternate, or opposite on the UNIES part of the stem: blades entire, mainly in 2 series. Receptacle naked. ing. Di ene 4-angled, rather stoutly enlarged upward, pubescent. appus of several slender pubescent awn-like scales.— One species. integrifolia Nutt. Plant tall or less, p above: leaf. D. fences or ee nein to r, 3-7 e ong obtuse or acutish: involuere eorolloid; braets elliptie or spatulate 10- 7 mm. long, obtuse: corollas 9-14 mm. long ; lobes linear- CARDUACEAE 1463 lanceolate: achene narrowly obpyramidal, 4-5 mm. long.—Dry oiea Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Sum.-fall or all year S. 99. PALAFOXIA Lag. Annual or perennial, sometimes partly woody lants. Leaves alternate or Sow blades narrow, entire. Heads corymbose. Involuere eampanulate to ellipsoid: braets herbaceous. Disk-eorollas with a [ds throat much longer than the tube. Achene 4-angled, slenderly ae upward, pubescent. Pappus of 4-8 broad scales—About 6 species, North d . P. Feayi A. Gray. Slender shrubby plant 6-35 dm. tall minutely pubescent: leaves i dA blades cee to ded lanceolate, 2-7 em. long: involuere 7-8 m ee bracts obtuse: corollas white, 7-8 mm. achene clavate, 5-6 mm. long .— Pine- tans a scrub, a Fla.—All year S. 100. FLAVERIA Juss. Annual, glabrous or pubescent, erect but ofte bushy-branched, somewhat succulent herbs. Leaves opposite: blades entire or toothed, sessile, sometimes connate. Heads individually inconspicuous. Involuere narrow, prismatic: bracts few, 1-8, mostly nearly equal. Ray- flowers mostly solitary and ligule te or wan pos Disk-flowers 1-15. Achene narrow, 8-10-ribbed. Pappus wanting, or rarely of 2-4 scales.— About 10 species, all except 1 Ameriean.—Spr.-fall or all year S. Receptacle naked: involucre of more than 2 bracts: heads 2-20-flowered: disk- orollas with a funnelform throat. Involucre of 3 bracts or rarely of 4. 1. F. bidentis. Involucre of 5-7 bracts. Heads 2-8-flowered. BE UE long internodes below and usually simple at : leaves herbaceous: plant annual. 2 Stem. with ‘short internodes below and usualy branched at the bàse: Bw fleshy : plant perennial (?). 3. F.linearis. Heads 10-15-flowered. 4. F. floridana. RD setose: E of 1, 2, or 3 Vosa head usually 1- : disk-corollas with a ca ampanulate throat. b . F. latifolia. . F. trinervia. F. bidentis (L.) Kuntze. Stem 10 dm. tall or less, angled, glabrous or ce a on the angles and the em leaf-blades lanceolate- -elliptie, linear-lanceolate, or linear-elliptie, 3— long, serrate, 3-ribbed, gla abrous, “slightly connate: inflorescence wit corpioid branches: heads 2-9-flowered: brac i of the involucre 3, with 1 or 2 additional scale- li nes -4 mm. long, abo mm. long, narrow p ppm rs 1-8, pud rs 2-3 um. long: achene 15 mm. [F. ems Gmel.]—Waste-places d road- sides, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Ga.— (Mex A.) 2. F. latifolia (J. R. Johnston) Rydb. Stem 10 dm. tall or less, striate, glabrate: jeaf-blades linear-lanceolate to linear, 2.5—10 1464 CARDUACEAE m. long, entire or serrulate, connate: corymb open: heads in small s bcp of the involuere 5, narrowly elli T 3.5-4.5 mm. long: ligule 2.5-3 m long: disk-flow ers 2-5, the e corolla 2.5 long: achene about 1.5 mm . lon Dow Low pud. wet prairies, and videnda swamps, pen. Fla. and the Keys. 3. F. linearis Lag. Stem 2-9 dm. long, sometimes decumbent, corymbose d striate, glabrous: penn narrowly linear, often narrowly so, 3-10 m. long, na arrowed above Es connate bases, entire: eos mbs irregular: heads numerous: braets of the br uei mostly 5, 3.5-4 long, pup. or lanceolate: ray- ws PrP solitary; ligule elliptic to ak 2-3.5 mm. long: disk-flowers usually 5-10, e corollas 2.5-3.5 m ong: achene about 2 mm. long. [F. pinetorum Bla ke.]—Coastal bx ju s marshes, and low pecan E. Fla. and the Mende .) 4. F. floridana J. R. Johnston. Stem 0 dm. tall or dis pae glabrous: leaf-blades Tinea lanceolate to linear, 2. = 8 em. lo ong, rely denticu- late, slightly connate: heads 10—13-flow Bd in n mj p dus which are often subtende à by a uA 1 As leaves: D of pus involuere about 4 mm. long: ligule oval, about 2 long: disk-corollas 2.5 mm. long: achene about 1.5 mm. id — Pa ‘pen. Fla 5. F. rvia (Spreng.) C. Mohr. Stem 2-1? dm. tall, widely yu apis. aped ps Maie buon -elliptic - bor p: or bro oadly linear, 3-10 e long, a somewhat acuminate, rate, 3-ribbed, narrowed to the Sees but oed p S: ds usually 1- fio eared in sexy or involuerate clusters: bracts 1-3, or aren accompanied by a ory ones: corolla of the put flowers 1.5 mm. long, the ligule aa poen of the perfect flower lon ng: achene Ee about 2 mm. long.—Waste-places and cult oum various provinces, Ala. to Ariz.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., ) 1. TAGETES L. Annual or rarely perennial, strong-scented, erect, caulescent herbs. Leaves mostly opposite: blades pinnately divide c d erect. Involuere narrow: bracts partly united. Ray-flowers severa h eorollas with elongate tubes and broad aioe ed, often variegated, d Disk-eorollas elongate, the slender tube and narrow throat about equal in length. Achene elongate, somewhat 4-angled. Pappus of unequal narrow scales. ss Bonit 20 species, of warm and tropical Ameriea.—MARIGOLDS Heads solitary at the ee of pus pacem involucre campanulate : ray- "ud ers 5-8; ligules obovate, 1 c long o 1. T. erecta. Heads in compact Conia. a re e fusiform : ray-flowers sually 3 ; ligules suborbicular, usually 5 mm. long or less. 2. T. minuta. 1. T. erecta L. Plant mostly 2-15 dm. tall, the branches spreading or ultimately more or less decumbent: leaf- divisions linear-lanceolate, ae mostly 1-2 em. long, sharply and rather coarsely ser- rate: ard elongate, markedly clavate: involuere 15-18 ong; lobes ovate, short-acumiuate: Bgules obo a pu or pale -yello w, 1-2 em. long: disk- corollas 11-16 mm n ng; lobes lanceolate: achene nearly linear, 7- 9 m long, about as long as the longer pappus-se slo CABE CAN MARIGOLD.)—Road- e fields, and waste- places, Fla. at. of Mex.— f (W. I., C. A., S. A., O. W.)—Al yea 2. d. & L. uon t 3-10 dm. e E. res erect or near perm f-divisions linear to eeolate, finely Bu nene serrate: Ems poda Menden. involucre about 1 em. long; lobes deltoid, obtuse or merely acutish : ligules yellowish, suborbicular, CARDUACEAE 1465 Eid e than 5 mm. long: disk-corollas 3-4 mm. long; lobes ovate: achene 5-6 mm. long, much longer than the longer pappus- -scale-——Sandy waste-places, Coastal Plain, N.C. Nat. of Chile.—Sum.-fal 102. BOEBERA Willd. Annual or perennial, glandular-dotted, strong- scented herbs. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades commonly parted or dissected. Heads inconspicuous, usually eorymbose. Involuere turbinate or cam- . Re- ceptacle flat or nearly so. ay-flowers yel- e corollas with minute ligules. Disk yellow. Achene 3-5-angled. Pa ae of 10 or more partly united narrow scales About 3 species, North American. 1. B. papposa d Rydb. Plant an- nual, pubescent, dm. tall: leaves oppo- site; blades 1-3 e ed P l- or 2-par rted: involuc 6- 8 high; bracts scarious-mar Ra "ligules of the ray-flowers j pu ia achene 3.5-4 mm. long, pubescent.—Waste- P and road- sides, Tenn. to La., Ariz., Minn. and Ohio.—(Mez.)—Adv. E.—Sum.-fall. Thymophylla tenuiloba (DC.) Small, a native of Tex. and adj. Mex., is adven- tive at Miami, Fla. It has finely cut leaf-blades and yellow heads. 103. PECTIS L. Slender or wiry eee -dotted herbs, the stems usually pubescent in lines. Leaves opposite: blades narrow, skies ciliate near the base. Heads clustered or ole Tava uere narrow, few ral-flow ered: bracts gland-bearing. Ray-flowers few: corollas with yellow es Styles pubescent. Stigmas of the disk-flowers very short. —About 75 species, American. Heads sessile or nearly so, mostly in clusters. Leaves with scattered glands; blades oblanceolate to linear- spatulate. 1. P. prostrata Leaves with 2 rows of glands beneath; blades narrowly linear. 2. P. linearifolia. Heads distinctly peduncled, solitary in the branch-forks and at the ends of the branches. 3. P. leptocephala. 1. P. prostrata Cav. Stem usually branched at the base, the branches procumbent or prostrate, 0.5-2 dm . long: leaf-blades oblanceolate to linear- ith 5-9 ave and ke ele d: 2s o disk-flowers yi 15, with corollas 2-2.5 mm. long: achene 3-4 mm pd Or d smaller: pappus- scales of narrowly lanceolate, omn ei bs 1- 3 prod of the disk 5, unequal.—W aste- 22 and cult. grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Ariz.—(W. Meg., C. A., S. 4 linea Ste fall, erect or r diffesely pe UM RE puberuent in lines: leaf-blades linear or nearly so, ove | 1466 CARDUACEAE 1 mm. wide, acute, entire, 3-6 pairs of bids near the age heads sessile or nearly so, few in clusters: involucre prismatic, 4-5 mm. high; bracts 4-6, linear or linear-lanceolate: ray-flowers 2 3; ligules 2 2.5 mm. long: isk- aod: 6 or 7, with ila abe ut 2.5 mm. long: achene 3 mm. long or nearly : pappus- -scales of the ray 2, narrowly "lan cial. and aristate-attenuate, of the disk 5. [P. ciliaris ‘Fernald, not L.]—Sandy woods and cult. grounds, pen. Fla.— (HF. I.). 3. P. p rid a ass.) Urban. Stem more or less cad branched, 1-4 slender, dm , the branches prostrate, forming mats, finely pubescent in lines: leaf ee arrowly linear, comm only 1-3 em. long, e less than l mm. wide, acute ae e, with 2-4 poi irs of iiis below the m ere eps solitary on filiform Pod ue 1-2.5 long: involucre narrow, high; bracts a linear or nearly so: ray flowers 0; ligules 2-2. p mm. Tis disk- s 4—7, with corollas 2-2.5 mm. long: achene slender, 2.5-3 mm. ES dd i of the ray 2, with an B nce lanceolate base and a slend ee of the disk 5, or rarely 4. [P. linifolia Less. P. Les singit Fernald. ] Pin lands and sand- dunes, S pen. Fla. and the Keys. — (HW. I): 104. ACHILLEA (Vaill.) L. Perennial, usually copiously pale-pu- bescent, herbs. Leaves alternate: blades coarsely toothed to thrice-pinnatifid. Heads several or numerous, rather small, in corymbs or corymbiform panicles. Involuere hemispheric, campanulate, or obovoid: bracts imbricate in 3 or 4 series, the outer the smaller. Receptacle conie or vex, chaffy, the chaff membranous, broa ay-flowers 5-12, pis a id ucing: corollas with short and ot white, pink or purple, or rarely yellow ligules. Disk- flowers 15-75, perfect, fruit-producing: clas pt ee sy or straw- colored, the tube equaling or longer than the throat. Achene ellipsoid or obo- void, callous-margined. appus wanting.—About 75 species, in the Northern emisphere, mostly in the Old World.—Spr.—fall—MILFoILs. YARROWS. Ultimate leaf-segments linear or nearly so: ligules of the ray white. 1. A. occidentalis. Ultimate s -segments ovate or lan igules of the ray purplish: eae conspicuously punc- TA the ultimate segments strongly callous-thickened toward the a apex 2. A. asplenifolia. Ligules of the ray "white or rarely pink: leaf-blades not con spicuously punctate, the mimos segments not callous- thickened toward the apex 3. A. Millefolium. 1. A. occidentalis Raf. Stem E 10 dm. tall, silky-villous, mostly simple: leaves sparingly villous; rachis rely margined ; ultimate eee linear or nearly so: bracts of the invo wn re elliptie, often broadly so, to elliptic- -lanceolate, the outer obtuse, the inner acute, all erose- ciliate at i. apex: ligules 2 mm. wide: 2—2.0 mm. lo ow ve Pers nearly 2 mm. io ea 00 lea ast places, various DA Fla. to Ark., Colo. 5 Minn., and Mas asplenifolia Vent. Ste 5-6 dm tall, ‘nearly glabrous or ios silky- villous, sometimes branched above: ud labrous rachis winged; ultimate segments bus late: bracts of the involucre ovate to ellip- CARDUACEAE 1467 ew sometimes narrowly so, id obtuse, ciliate at the apex: ligules pend mm. vide: disk-corollas about 2 mm. long: achene ellipsoid, less than 2 m (X a CE fields, iud DE various provinces N of Coastal Plain, N. o S. Dak. and N. S. Nat. | 3 priua L. Stem 2-7 dm. 2 sparingly era Fannie mes branched above: leaves sparingly villou achis winged; ultim segments ovate or o lanceolate: d ed A be involucre ovate to Eee ES obtuse, ciliate at t x: ligule vide: disk- EA fully 2 mm. long: achene e Or slightly non DN. fully 2 . long.—Dry hillsides, woods, pastures, m pou various provinces, Fla. E^ Miss., Ill, Yukon, nd N S.—(W. I., W.)—Often a weed. 105. ORMENIS Cass. Annual, diffusely branched herbs. Leaves al- ternate: blades pinnatifid, the segments rather broad. Heads solitary at the nds of the prangnes, Involucre saucer- shaped: bracts in 2 or 3 series, rather broad. Receptacle a chaffy, the chaff cartilagi- nous, boat-shaped, surrounding the achenes. Ray-flowers Dean t, fruit-producing; corol- las s yellow ligules, or white and yellow at the base. Disk-flowers numerous, perfeet, fruit-producing, the tube produced into an appendage at the base. Achene ellipsoid or obovoid, prominently 3-ribbed on the inner side. Pappus wanting.—One species. l1. O. (L.) Stem 1-4 dm | tall, isually eer, a fh base, the branches Ni: villous: leaf-blades cuneate spatulate to linear in outline, 1-3 e ong, the rachis broad, the cones: Aas ie to i se on Hs lower n of the blade, often broad- ened upward toward the P peduncles slightly thickened under the head: bracts of the involucre ovate to elliptic and linear, 3-4 mm. long, villous: lig- ules cuneate, 5-8 mm. long, SH at the base: achene obovoid, pd 1 mm. long.—Waste-places and eult. E various provinces, Fla. to B. C. and N. J. Nat. of Medit. Reg.—Spr.-fal 106. ANTHEMIS L. Annual or perennial, branched, nd herbs. Leaves alternate: blades pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, the segments rather nar- row. eads solitary at the ends of the branches. Involucre saucer-shaped: bracts in about 3 series, usually thin. Tecan conic to hemispheric, chaffy, the chaff membranous, with a midrib. Ray-flowers pistillate, fruit-producing: corollas with white ligules. Disk-flowers numerous, perfect, fruit-producing: rolla yellow, the tube equalling or longer than the throat, the lobes ovate. Achene subeylindrie or somewhat obovoid, with filiform ribs. Pappus wanting or a minute crown.—About 80 species, Eurasian and African Receptacle with cuspidate-acuminate chaff : achene equally "i nerved. 1. A. arvensis. Receptacle with obtuse chaff: achene 3-nerved on the inner side. . A. nobilis. . : or soiuetimes biennial, not strong- sented: stem 1-5 dm. tall, pies p leaf-blades 2-5 cm. long, pinnatifid or bipin- 1468 CARDUACEAE natified, the segments linear-lanceolate to subulate: bracts of the involucre pubescent, the outer lanceolate, in iptic ] acute, the inner elliptic, obtuse: igules 7-12 mm. long: subeylindrie, 1.5 mi c pappus a minute border. — Waste o roadsides, and fields, various provinces, Fla. to Ore., B. C., nd Que. Nat. of O. v —Spr.—fall. 2. A. nobilis L. Perennial, aromatic: stem 1-3.5 dm. tall, pubescent, sometimes decumbent: leaf-blades E em. long, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, the segments b ear to ulate: brae 2 involucre pubescent, the outer ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, the inner nd dnas at the apex: ligules 6—10 mm. long: achene somewhat pyriform , 1-1.5 mm. long: pappus wanting. —Waste-places and M t gardens, various provinces, ES C. to Tenn. and R. I. Nat. of Eu.—Sum 107. MARUTA Cass. Annual, branching, usually very leafy herbs. Leaves alternate: blades pinnatifid, the segments narrow. Heads solitary at the ends of branches. Involucre saucer-s bracts in 2 series, rather d le conie, chaffy toward the apex, the ch bulate, rathe persi Ray-flowers 10-15, neutral: corollas with nt. white ligules. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing: rollas P Lii , the longer than the ae t, the lobes ovate. chene and cylindrie, 10- | ribbed, ad Pedes Pappus wanting.—About 12 speeies, natives of the Old Wor "M 1. M. Pius (L.) DC. Plant strong-scented: leaf-blades thriee d dissected, segments very oe - k-flowers near the center of t cep- tacle wi ith s eorollas mostly 2.5 mm. long: achene tubereulate- roughened pappus wanting. [Anthemis Coula L. ILMAY. -WEED. DoG-FENNEL.)—Fields, roadsides, cult. grounds, and waste-places, vari- ous “provinces, Fla. to Calif., Alas., and Newf. Nat. of O. W.—Sum.-fall. 108. CHAMOMILLA [Hall] Gilib. Annual herbs, resembling Anthemis and Maruta. Leaves alternate: blades once to thrice pinnatifid, the segments narrow. Heads solitary or corymbose. Involuere saucer-shaped to hemispherie: braets somewhat im- icate in 2—4 i i conic, hemispheric, or subglobose, naked. Ray-flowers, if present, pistil S fruit-producing: corollas with white ligul. pe -flowers numerous, perfect, fruit- f du ube equali Rd longer ies the throat, the lobes lanceolate to Achene asymmetric, the back nerveless, the "it 3-5- ribbed. Pappus a crown or a mere border acd 50 species, mostly natives of the Old World. CARDUACEAE 1469 . maritima (L.) Rydb. Stem and branehes 1-3 dm. tall, often lp "n blades 2—4 cm. long ; blades e atifid, the segments spreading, fles involucre 10-12 mm. wide; bracts elliptic, obtuse, brown-margined: n flowers 15-30; iol white, 8-11 mm. PaL JOH cuneate, 2-2.5 mm. long, rugose on the back an bet ween the corky ri ibs pappus-crown toothed.—Bal- S. e waste-places, dd istal Plain d adj. prov inces, Ala. to Pa. and Mass. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-fal - MATRICARIA [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial, branehing herbs, but sometimes partly woody. Leaves alternate: blades lobed, dissected, or pin- nately divided. Heads corymbose. Involu- ere saucer-shaped to hemispheric: bracts somewhat imbricate in 2-4 series, narrow. Receptacle convex, naked. ay- rs usually present, several, pistillate, fruit- producing: corollas with narrow or broad ligules, white in our species. Disk-flowers numerous, perfect, fruit-producing: corollas differentiated, the lobes deltoid. Achene subeylindrie, 5-10-angled or 5-10-ribbed. Pappus in both ray and disk a lobed crown. —About 100 species, widely distributed. . M. Parthenium L. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, striate: leaf-blades broad, Md of the lower ones at least, twice pinnately parted, the d incised: involucre 7-10 mm. wide; outer bracts a eluate d acute; inner bracts eae -ellip- tic, 2.5-3 mm. long, acute or obtu ligules white, m mm. long: disk cream- colored: achene 1.5 mm. long, 8-10-ribbed; pappus a toothed crown. [Chrys- anthemum Parthenium | (L.) rnh ee )-—Roadsides, fence-rows, A 1d waste-places, various proces to Ohio and N. B.; also Calif. o Wa sh. Nat. of Eu.—(V. I., Mez., ra id.) eum —fall. 110. LEUCANTHEMUM [Tourn.] Mill. Perennial herbs with root- tocks. Leaves alternate: blades toothed or entire, or sometimes pinnatifid. Died solitary at the ends of the stem and branches. Involuere saucer-shaped: bracts somewhat imbricate in 2—4 series, narrow. Receptaele flat or convex, naked. Ra ay- flowers usually present, 10-25, pistillate and fruit-producing: corollas with white ligules. Disk-flowers numerous, perfect, fruit-pro- ducing: corollas yellow, the tube en) shorter than the front the lobes lanceo- late. Filaments adnate to the be Achene cylindric or ed so, 10-ribbed or 10-angled. Pappus wanting or obsolete, or in the ray a mere crown.—About 20 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. 1470 | CARDUACEAE 1. Leucanthemum (L.) oe 2 A pes tall, glabrous or nearly so: irn lade spatulate to linear, 2-15 cm. long, ipe or Lauer a involucre mm. wide; outer mee linear- pA cute: inner brae aps 5 p 5 mm. long, obtuse: ray-flowers numerous; MB white or pink 2.5 . long: disk yellow: id Pau about 1.5 mm. long: pappus S [Chrysanthemum Leucanthem L.]—(WHITE-DAISY. OX-EYE DAISY. WHITE- —Fie roadsides, ini co waste-places, nearly throughout S. f O. W.—(W. I.)—Sum.-fall.Widely distributed in the is "Can Ed St es during the Civil War. In the mountains, when abundant, the plants, espeeially the ripe heads, are much eaten by sheep. 111. CHRYSANTHEMUM L. Annual herbs, suggesting coarse-leaved ta or Cotula. Leaves alternate: blades toothed to pinnatifid. Heads racts thin, imbricate 1 out 3 series, br R tacle convex, nake Ray-flo 0-20, pistillate, fruit-producing: corollas with yellow igus. Disk-flowers numerous, perfe uit-producing: corollas yello tub throat about equal in length, the lobes o s various, tho ie o ray short and obpyramidal, with 2 or 3 wing-angles, those of the disk prismatic or cylindric, 8-10-ribbed. Pappus wanting.—About 15 species, natives of the ld World Leaf-blades dissected, bipinnatifid : achenes of the ray 3-angled, the median angle 1. with the broader wing-margin . coronarium. . Leaf- pua toothed or zum pinnately lobed: achenes of the with 2 lateral wings. 2. C. segetum. . CQ. coronarium L. Stem 3-6 dm. tall glabrous: blades of the cauline leaves obovate outline 3-6 em. long, mostly bipinnatifid, sessile and auricled, the t ate: r les to elliptic, with broad light-brown margins: ray-flowers 15-20, the ligules 1-1.5 em. long: disk- miis about pota . long: achenes of the ray 3-angled, t o middle angle winged, those of the disk ^" Ru the inner angle to r.—Waste-places and a spu roadsides, various ir Ala. to Ont. Nat. of Medit. Reg.—(W. I.)—Spr.—fall. ect L. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, glabro blades of the cauline. ‘leaves panne to elliptic or lanceolate, ied lobed, toothed, or entire, the segm ob- lanceolate to euneate: heads on pedu ae eee less than 5 em. long: involucre about 1 em. high; bracts a a broadly so, with broad brown margins: ray-flowers 12-15, the ligules 1-2 cm. long: di sk-corallas about 5 mm. long: achenes of the ray with mid bee wings, those of the disk cylindric, 10- ribbed.— ( CORN-MARIGOLD ORN-CHRYSANTHEMUM. >- Waste -plaees, fields, and eult. grounds, various provinces Fla. to Ala., N. Y., and N. B.; also Calif. and Ore. Nat. of O. W.—Sum.-fall. 112. TANACETUM [Tourn.] L. Perennial rather coarse erect herbs with rootstocks or rarely annuals. Leaves alternate: blades once to thrice CARDUACEAE 1471 pinnatifid. Heads corymbose. Involuecre emispherie to saucer-shaped: braets in 2 3 series, usually narrow, often partly similar. Receptacle convex, naked. Ray- flowers 5-20, pistillate, fruit-producing: corollas with erect or spre ind inconspicu- ous, yellow ligules. Disk-flov numerous, rfect, fruit-producing: bod with tube and throat only eon nom ded A beyli of th | chenes sube rie, thos ray | mostly 3-angled, those of Hs disk 5-angled s a crown-like border.—About 30 spe- i appus a cies, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. i T. Mar edi L. Plants po 3-10 dm. tall, acrid-aromatic: leaf- Aa 5—20 e m. long, with x ultimate segments sharply toothed: involuere wide, the inner bracts 4-5 mm. long: ray-flowers scarcely eee the disk and so inconspieuous as Pa make ke heads appear discoid; corollas yellow: achene t 2 long.—-(TANSY.)—Fields, roadsides, and about Sici various provinces, . Ga. to "Miss., Calif. Wash., and N. S. ‘Nat of O. W.—Sun ARTEMISIA L. Annual or perennial, often copiously branehed d 113. herbs, or shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades dissected, “lobed, or toothe ; or i S tively small, mostly in panicles, usually nodding before maturity, apparently discoid, the marginal flowers without ligules or wanting Involuere campanulate to hemispheric: bra 2-4 es, the inner longer than the outer. Receptaele convex or naked 1airy. Flowers yellowish or greenish. Marginal flowers aps d Movers) pistillaate, fruit-producing: | eerie various, sometimes oblique, anting. Disk-flowers few, ae often fruit-producing: corollas ae ae. Pad form, or trumpet-shaped. chene ellipsoid, terete. Pappus wanting.—About 250 species, in the Northern Hemisphere and South Ameriea.—WORM' WOODS. D flowers not producing fruits: stigmas united or very short and erect: receptacle I. DRACUNCULOIDES, Disk- flowers fruit- producing, their stigmas elongate and recurved. Receptacle hairy. II. FRIGIDAE. Receptacle naked. nnual or ann herbs. III. ANNUAE. Perennial plant Leaf-blade s with broad lobes IV. VULGARES. "s blades bipinnatifid, the segments very nar- row or filiform. V. PONTICAE. I. DRACUNCULOIDES Plant biennial: heads mostly erect. Plant perennial: heads mostly nodding. A. caudata . Å. campestr is. m II. FRIGIDAE Woody perennial: leaf-blades with linear to ovate obtuse teeth. 3. A. Absinthium. II. ANNUAE Heads in dense axillary spikes, not nodding. 4. A. biennis. Heads in lax racemes or panicles, nodding. . A. annua. e 1472 CARDUACEAE IV. VULGARES pd. en parens lobed leaf-blades: heads in simple or com- ound s 6. A. vulgaris. V. PONTICAE Perennial with narrow lobed leaf-blades: heads in simple or compound racemes. 7. A. Abrotanum. 1. A. caudata Michx. Stem, glabrous, d least at maturity, 5-18 dm. tall, often with ascending branches at the bi : leaves numerous; blades uc to thrice p divided, the d line filiform to nearly - fili for eads ae u n i j ducing fru mm. high; bracts ovate to oval or hun du ray-flowers pud corollas 1.5 mm. long: achene about 1 m long.—Sandy soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Wyo., and N. B.—Sum.-fall. 2. A. campestris L. Stem, glabrous, 3—6 dm. tall, usually geen’ 2 leave es clustered 2 aA bas e of t ; blades ostly o or twice Qo. diviled, the segments pes -filiform: heads numerous, open panicles: involucre with the disk- ee. perfect, but not Producing br 2-2.5 mm. high; ge ovate to oval: ray-flowers 6-10: corollas 1 . long: Mes fully 0.5 mm. long.— a woods and dry banks, various AN S. C. to Conn. Nat. of Eu. —Sum.— A. Abs 1n L. Stem, or less woody, 4-12 dm. tall, finely cinere ous-pubescent, mu euch d leaf-blades once, twice, or thrice pin- nately div ided, pos segments linear, pt or ovate: heads numerous in leafy panicles, nodding: involucr e 3- 3.5 mm. high, w vith the central flowers dics iid ing; braets lanceolate E ovate: por cd out 10: corollas 1.5 ong: achene fully 1 mm —(WORMWOOD.)— — Fields, M ME and banke, rie provin ces, N. C. E^ P Utah, B. C. Ont., and 'Newf. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fal 4. A. biennis Willd. Plant glabrous, inodorous, insipid, 2-11 dm. tall, the stem nearly simple or sparingly branched: leaves numerous; blades once or twice erred divide d, the segments lanceolate or linear, incised-pinnatifid or pinnatifid: paniele ‘branches pa d in qu heads not drooping, erowded e 2- wit in En cem involue high, h the central flowers perfect and fruit-produeing; ip ‘elliptic do elliptic-laneeolate: ray-flowers 10-15; disk- flowers 10-15; corollas yellow, mes Eie . long: achene about 1 mm. long. ne y banks and rocky soil, arog, vinees N a Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Mo., B. C., N. S., and Pa.; ae ada eastward.— (0. W.)—Sum.-fall. 5. A. annua L. Plant, glabrous, id d 4—10 dm. tall, the stem much- Pd. leaf-blades once, twice e pinnately divided, the segments elliptic or incised, or pinnatifid: b Dance endi n n loose racemes: a a a hun erg nodding: involucre about 1. 5 mm. hi igh, ith pe B; less than 1m ues disk- flowers or 6; corollas a l mm. long: achene l mm. lon z Fields, roadsides, a aste- i various provinces, Tenn. to O. W.—Sum Ark., Ont., N. B., and Va.; also Calif. Nat. CARDUACEAE 1473 6. A. vulgaris L. Herbaceous, lanate-tomentose, 3-12 dm. tall, the stems i m T "branched: leaf-bla des various, white-w woolly beneath, twice pin- ments 1 nodding, soon erect, in a leafy panicle: involucre 4- high, with the central En fruit-producing; bracts ovate to elliptic or r elliptic- Janceolate: ray-flowers 6-12; corollas 2 mm. long: LU s 5- eae corollas 2.5 long: Mc L 5m m. long or more.— “(tua Wn ee) c Bets stream- penna) eult. grounds, and waste- places, pim Y provinces Ga. to Ala. B. C., Ont., and Newf. Nat. of Eu—(W. I.)—Sum 7. A. Abrotanum L. Shrub 1 m. tall or ec puberulent or glabrous, the stem mueh-branehed, the branches erect or ascending: leaf tops dips pin- nately m the segments linear- A E heads numero nod- ta n leafy panicles: involucre abou igh; bracts linear lanceolate to e elliptic, arachnoid-canescent: ray- lowers poem 10; eorollas 1.5 mm. long: disk-flowers 15-20; ss nearly 2 mm. long: achene about 1 mm. oni. (BOLT DD p) 2 Was te-places and dudes various provinees, N. C. to Colo. and N. B. Nat. of "Eu .— Sum.-fall. 114. SOLIVA R. & P. Annual, caulescent, diminutive herbs. Leav alternate: blades dece twice igh the ultimate segments deeply bed . Heads sessile on the the nches, green, discoid, "m dioere ws SEI and apetalous, the few perfect ones with 2-6-lobed corollas. Involuere hemispheric: bracts. broad in 2 series. Anthers broad, mostly rounded at the base. ne often broadly pandurate, smooth, usually prolonged into a short spine on either side of the larger terminal spine. Pappus none. —About 3 species, South American. | 1. S. sessilis R. & P. Plant depressed, t stem and branches, at least, villous: leav s 2- 9 em. long, the lobes acute or acuminate, ciliate: 'involuere sessile in the somewhat dilated leaf-bases; bracts ovate, about 4 mm. long, acute or sharp ac achene-body about 2 mm long, the broad wings ciliolate, eal spine bout as lon ng a the achene- body.—Lawns and banks, N Fla. o La. Nat. of S. Am.—Spr.-f GYMNOSTYLES A. Juss. Annual, caulescent, diminutive, often once or twice pin- matted Siolun ferons herbs. Leaves alternate lades nately divided, the ultimate segments entire or toothed Heads sessile at one ase of the plant, green, discoid, flowers as in Soliva. Involucre hem spheric, becoming flattish: bracts narrow, i o series ers narrow, n Ja sagittate at the uem Achene somewhat flattened, with callous cor- rugated margins and a terminal spine. Pappus none.—About 3 species, South American. Leaf-blades 2-pinnate: achene-callous corrugated up to the base of the rounded top: heads much depressed, 8-10 mm. wide. . Ga anthemifolia. Leaf-blades 1-pinnate : quien calloue corrugated D d vag trun- ate or notched top: heads subglobose, 3—6 mm 2. G. nasturtiifolia. 93 1474 CARDUACEAE 1. G. anthemifolia A. Juss MP id depressed, light-green, the edm often creeping: leave erect or nearly so, 4-14 cm. long, the lobes acute or acuminate, long-hairy: peace o "hé involuere eid eiae. 4.5-5.5 mm usually som E ie minate: achene-body ellipsoid-cuneate 2 a long, t margins sage) Rut E n dense tufts, bayou-bank oadsides, i ES S fields, a in waste pour Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. of S. Am —Spr. G.nasturtiifolia A. Juss. Plant much de- ne-body eun long, es os sharply qM poole s (A. Juss.) D. C.]—In patches or carpets, low, moist, or damp, partly shaded places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C. Nat of S. Am. —FEarly spr. 116. ARNICA L. Perennial simple-stemmed or sparingly branched herbs. Leaves typica oe i ia blades entire or toothed. Heads solitary ral. Involuere tly turbinate or eampanulate, or die T i : bracts early equal, narrow. Ray-flowers with yel- p r tles.—About 45 species, in the Northern Hemisphere. 1. A. acaulis (Walt.) B. S. P. Plant 2-10 dm. tall hirsute: leaves mainly bas al and rou l or ovate, 5-1 long, lio E S toothed or rae entire: braets of the i; voluere 9.5-11 long, acute: ligules L A 2.5 cm. long: achene 4 mm. long. . nudicaulis Nutt.]— quon se E.)— uat ne low rs n woods, in acid soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to —Sum.—Rather rare. 117. EMILIA. Cass. Annual or perennial, tender herbs. Leaves alternate, but often pci basal: blades entire toothed, or lyrate-pinnatifid. Heads solitary or in lax corymbs. Involucre swollen at the base: bracts in one series and without ee ones at the base. Ray- dou wanting. Disk- eorollas golden, purple, or red, with a cylindrie throat and a slender tube, the lobes lanceolate. Filaments slender. Achene 5-ribbed—About $3 species, natives of the Old World Tropics. Corollas searlet or orange: heads stout: involucre campanulate, usually over 1 cm. 1. E. coccinea. Corollás lilac or pale- PA heads To involucre cylin- dric-campanulate, usually s than 1 em. long. 2. E. sonchifolia. 1 Revised by Edward Johnston ends CARDUACEAE 1475 1. E. coccinea (Sims) Sweet. Plant moderately slender, mostly 1-8 dm tall: leaf- bd rather p those of the lower leaves spatula, those of the upper leaves lanceolate to linear, S. A.)—AI 3 . E. sonchifolia (L.) DC. Plant very slender, 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate in ou utline below, e laneeolate to elliptie, all aurieled at the base, the lower narrowed to a wing-like edo between the E s / and the aurieled base, all sinuate-dentat i Tea n atifid: heads long-pedune elod: m braets linear, 8-10 mm. ong: e 7-8 m ong: achene 3 mm. long.—Cult. grounds, w aste- iod fields, d ae ie Fla. and Florida Keys. Nat. of O. W. trop.— ., Mex., C. A., S. A.) 118. GYNURA Cass. Annual or perennial, rather coarse herbs or subshrubs. Leaves alternate; vd entire, toothed, pinnatifid or pinnately parted. eads solitary to many. Involuere campanulate or eylindrie, with several subtending bractlets: bracts flat. Heads diseoid. Corollas yellow or Much e to red, with a long, narrow Eun form throat, and triangular or ovate Achene terete, 5-10-ribbed. Pappus copious, white.—About 20 species, natives of Asia, Africa, East Indies, and Australia. acres (Blume) DC. Plant up se: the ‘i i . * rowly linear to filiform; nooner 10-15 mm. high: corollas yellow-orange: achene pubeseent.—( VELVET-PLANT.)—Pinelands, roadsides and waste-places, S pen. Fla. Nat. of E. I. OF. I.)—Spr. 119. MESADENIA Raf. Perennial, somewhat leafy herbs. Leaves alternate: blades undulate, toothed, or somewhat lobed. Heads in corymb- like clusters but centrifugal. Involucre cylindric to cylindrie-ovoid: bracts sometimes winged or keeled. Flowers white or pinkish; disk-corollas with linear or linear-lanceolate lobes longer than the p throat. ila- ments filiform. Achene ribbed, glabrous. [Cacalia L. in part]—About 30 species, North Ameriean.—Sum. or Spr.-fall S.—INDIAN- ae INS. Bracts of the involucre wingless Leaf- ue pedately or digitately veined, those of the lower leaves wider than lon I. RENIFORMES. 1476 CARDUACEAE Leaf-blades parallel-veined or subpinnately veined: stem erete. II. LANCEOLATAE. Bracts of the involucre winged along the midrib. III. TUBEROSAE I. RENIFORMES Leaves green on both sides or glaucous beneath; blades ped eaves green: stem furrowed. 1. M. reniformis. Leaves glaucous bene eah: pm 2. M.atriplicifolia. Leaves glaucous on both sides: VERS Taan veined. 3. M. maxima II. LANCEOLATAE Leaf-blades ovate, commonly broadly so. 4. M. Elliottii. Leaf-blades linear to lanceolate. 5. M. lanceolata. III. TUREROSAE Stem terete, merely striate: blades of the upper stem-leaves hastate. M. diversifolia. Stem ene or angled: blades of the upper stem-leaves not jasta Lower as with 7-9-veined pod or crenate blades. Leaf-blades entire or near T. M. tuberosa. Leaf-blades crenate. 8. M. floridana. Lower leaves with 3-5-veined sinuate-dentate blades. 9. M. sulcata. M. reniformis (Muhl.) p Stem 9-30 dm. tall: blades of the cauline nace reniform, 10-60 em. wide: involucral bracts 8-11 mm. long: achene about 5 mm. long. [C. reniformis Muhl. (GREAT — INDIAN-PLANTAIN.)—Rich banks, woods, and thickets, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., Minn., and N. J. 2. M. atriplicifolia (L.) R Stem 9—20 ey tall: blades of the Pe leaves ovate triangular, or narrower above, angulate- lobed or shar rply a and ban] toothe d: in- nre bracts 8-11 m g: achene 4—4.5 long. [C. atriptieifolia L.]— (PALE M -PLANTAIN.) — ods, various prov- inces, Fla. to Kans., Mina. and N. J. M. xima Harper, Stem about 15 dm. tall: * blades of the caùline pu broadly ovate or narrower above, coarsely sinuate-toothed involucral bracts 9-11 m ong: achene not seen. —Dry pin lands, Sumter Co., near inner edge of Coastal Plain of Ga. 4. M. Elliottii Harper. Stem 8-12 dm. tall: blades of cauline leaves ovate to oval, A Or | D -undulate: a bracts 8-10 mm. long: x ne 6-6.5 long. [Cacalia ovata (Chapm. Fl.) n ovata (Fl. SE. S.) ]—Sw n E pode and damp woods, Coastal "Plain, Fla. to Lá. and Ga.—Late M. lanceolata (Nutt.) ore Stem 8-15 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves linear, na sa lanceolate, or linear- elliptic, entire or repand- bcnc late: laucous (or rely ellos vi pue in M. = eolata virescens) : volucral bracts 3-10 mm. long: achene about 5 on C. lanceolata Nutt. ]}— Everglades and w = m) Coastal Plain, Fia. to La. and N. ec c Apuli (T. & G.) Greene. Similar to M. atriplicifolia in habit, t glaucous: stem angled, bracts ree corolla-lobes but little longer ae E throat. [C. t T. G. . difformis Small.]—Swamps, Coastal Plain, W Fla. and S CARDUACEAE 1477 7. M. tuberosa (Nutt.) Britton. Stem 6-12 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves ovate, oval, dd -lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, 5-20 em. long: bracts of the involucre 8-10 m m. long: achene 4.5-5 mm. long. is tuberosa Nutt. ]— Prairies, various e Ala. to La., Minn., and Ont = En pcr (A. Gray) Greene. Stem 7-12 dm. tall: leaf- eur ovate, elliptic, erenate: involueral Ds 10-12 mm. long: rolla-lobes I d n the throat: achene about 5 mm. long. Nic ine Ac E Fla.—Spr.-s 9. M. sulcata (Fernald) Small Stem 9-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to d ovate narrowly elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate: involucral bracts 8-10 . long: corolla-lobes twice as long as the throat: achene 5.5-6 mm. long.— Bogs or T dE Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—Sum.—fall. 120. SYNOSMA Raf. Perennial, copiously leafy herbs. Leaves alter- lades d to hastate, toothed. En eorymbose. Involucre narrow. Flowers late lobes shorter than the funnelform throat. Filaments enlarged below the anthers. Achene ribbed, glabrous.—One species 1. S. suaveolens (L.) stare Plant 6-15 dm. e in enin ur blades hastate, 8-2 ong, Serr dentate-serrate : A us E the “involuer 10-1 ‘long: corollas p nm. long: achene slender, 7-9 mm. long. "Tenn suaveolens L.]— — Rich woods, thiekets, and shaded banks, various provinces, Fla a. to Tenn, Minn., and Mass.—Sum.-fall. Gao ~ Do Echt SS = - ON Q 21. ERECHTITES Raf. Annual herbs. Leaves alternate: blades toothed or pinnatifid. Heads corymbose or panieulate. Involucre narrow and somewhat swollen at the base: braets nar- ; row, flat. Disk-eorollas with triangular- laneeolate or deltoid lobes shorter than the narrow throat. Filaments longer than the Achene bons Pappus of many white bristles.—A bout 12 species, American and Australia 1l. E. ue (L.) Raf. Plant 2-20 dm. tall, watery: leaf s spatulate- poet ae to lanceolate, 5-20 em. long, coarsely oe incised, or iun did: involucre 12- 5 long; hee TTO 2 om = m. long, white: achene a 1.5 mm — (FIREWEED. — RT. ) Fields woods, roadsides, and waste- places, various provinces, Fla. to La., Sask ve wf.—Sum. Or all year S.— rather tender, but also omewhat ‘coarse na varying greatly in habit and with vus endless leaf- -form 1478 CARDUACEAE 192. SENECIO [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alter- nate: blades entire, toothed, pinnatifid, or pinnately par rted. Heads solitary or many. Involuere campanulate to cylindric: bracts flat. Ligules of the ray yellow, when present, in our species. Disk-corollas yellow with a funnel- form throat and triangular or ovate lobes. Filaments often enlarged below the anthers. Achene 5-10-ribbed, pubescent or papillose.—A bout 1,500 species, widely distributed.—Spr.—SqUAW-WEEDS. RAGWORTS. RAGWEEDS. GROUNDSELS. Plant annual or perhaps biennial: pubescence, if present, arachnoid. Ray-flowers Dos achene pubescent on B age S. I. LOBATI. Ray-flowers wanting : achene pubescent all o II. VULGARES. Plant perennia al: foliage, if pubescent, woolly Ur E l H large, the involucres over 1 cm. high: ray- Towers non io III. NUDICAULES, po small, the Du cien less than 1 em. high: ray- owers normally present. Mn of the basal jede es toothed or partly and slightly lyrate-pinnati IV. AUREI. Blades of the basal leaves pinnately parted and twice irice pinnatifid or dissected. V. MILLEFOLIA. I. LOBATI Plant with pinnately parted leaf-blades: involuere 4—5 mm. hi gh; bracts light-green. 1. S. glabellus. VULGARE Plant with pinnatifid leaf-blades: soluere 6-8 mm. high; 2E acts, as well as the small bracts at then Ted dark-green r black. 2. S. vulgaris. NUDICAULES Stem usually bearing 3-5 pedunculite somewhat racemose heads: heads very many-flowered. 3. S. Rugelia. T I AURIE Blades of the pasa leaves cordate or truncate at the base. Blades of t basal leaves p one lanceolate or sllipiic lanceolate, sharply serr 4. S. Robbinsit. of the basal leaves volucres over 5 i high. olucres less T D ma aureus. high. ili Blades Jus asal fuc gradually narrowed or cuneate at gracilis. di un Biades of the basal leaves scarcely longer than broad. 7. S. rotundus. Blades of the basal leaves manifestly or markedly longer han broad. Blades of the basal leaves wholly, or predominately, narrowly or broadly spatulate: achene glabrous. 8. S. obovatus. Blades of the basal plene wholy, or predominately elliptic, oval, Ad per ceolate : àchene pubescent. copiou n densely SN Mo base of the stem and petioles ot the basal leaves usually T silky-tomen ose. Involucre 4-6 mm. high: blades of the basal leaves elliptic or oval, varying to broadest above or below the middle, or oblanceolate to lanceolate. Blades of the basal leaves elliptic to oval, y to ovate or obovate: involucre 5—6 9. S. pauperculus. 10. S. Smallii. Blades of "the basal ed irse lanceolate to oblanceolate: involu 5 mm. long. m 6—7 mm. high: blades of the basal leaves triangular- mud to broadly lanceolate, triangu- lar-lanceolate, or ovate. 1. S. tomentosus. deed nearly Sino. "^ the base of the stem, petioles, inflorescence inconspicuously arachno id. 19. S. alabamensis. V. MILLEFOLIA Primary leaf-divisions 1—2-pinnatifid. 13. S. Memmingeri. Primary leaf-divisions dissected, the ultimate divisions mainly linear. 14. S. Millefolium. CARDUACEAE 1479 S. e nae Pare Plant annual, glabrous, the ste em, 1-9 dm. tall: leaf- blades 3-20 ong, the lateral VA cuneate to suborbicular, coarsely pu the ferminal lobe rather large: volue 4—6 ong; bracts n Ni inr P linear lanceolate: eae ules 4-8 mm. long: achene 1.5-2 m , pubescent on i S bottoms, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ill, and N. C.—(Mez.)—Spr.- fall.—The form with few-lobed broad ter- minal ae cane has been described as S. ane called BUT- TER-WEE S. vulgaris L. Plant annual, sparingly d the stem 5 dm. tall or le ess, hollow, eorymbos EA Pan ar blades mo pi 1 les dm obes and rachis toothed, the id lobe cca m involuere 6-8 mm row, acuminate: ligules wanting: achene about 2.5 mm cent all ov (CoMMON-GROUNDSEL.)—Cullt, grounds and Lo ne Various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C Tex., Ont., and Paeifie Coast. at. E Sp dd viscosus vulgaris and strong-scented, with wholly green aoled] bracts and incon- spicuous ray-flowers, has een reported from N. C. It is a native of Eu. 3. S. Rugelia A. Gray. des 2—5 dm. tall: leaf- ser ovate to elliptic-oval, 8-15 em. DE denticulate or dentate: braets of the involuere linear-lanceolate, lon Hi igh 12-13 m ong: disk-cor uo T- 8 mm. long: inae a 6 mm. long.— mt. ence Be Ridge, N. C. and Tenn.—Sum 4, S. Robbinsii Oakes. Plant ane ap e blades of the basal leaves 3-8 em. long, acute: involuere 6-8 m ong; braets i uu t ligules 4-5 mm. long: achene pubescent. Mt. Ede “Roan Mt. e Blue Ridge of N. C. and Tenn., and more N e., N. Y. to Que. E —Sum.. 5. us r Plant 3-7 dm. tall: ee i the basal leaves 2-12 cm En jode the apex: involucre 6-7 ong; braets linear, fully 1 mm. wide: ligules iode 9.0—/.5 mm. lon achene glabrous. —Low grounds, ng: swamps, and wet woods, various provinees, Fla, to Tex. Ont, and Newf.— Spr.-sum. 6. S. gracilis Pursh. Plant similar es that of S. aureus in jane but smaller a e slender: involuere 3.5-4.5 mm. long; bracts narrowly linear, scarcely lr vide: xd S broad, 3.5-5 mm. long -—Wet grounds, various provinces, Ga. m Pa— 7. S. rotundus (Britton) Small Pl es - 6 dm. tall: blades of the basal -o pee ular to orbicular-ovate, sely crenate-serrate: i 4—5 long; bracts linear-subulate to enr piens ligules 8-10 m ng.— I grounds or wet rocks, various provinces, La. to Tex., Mo., and Ohio —Spr. . S. obovatus Muhl. Plant 1-5 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves spatu- ju A idu eoarsely toothed or some of them lyrate- cupri Ended 4-5 m : br aets narrowly linear or M dr ligules . long. — Thicket ‘and dry hillsides, various provinces, W Fla. to Tex., vi. an ad Me.— Spr.— 9. S. pauperculus Michx. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves elliptic to oval, varying ovate or obovate, serrate, incised-serrate or partly 1480 CARDUACEAE \ pinnatifid: heads typically few, not crowded: involucre 5-6 mm. long; bracts glabrous or nearly so: ligules of the ray mostly 7-9 mm . long: ios 2.0—3 . long.—Stony woods, dry pastures, hillsides, ud meadows, various prov- Noe Ga. to Tex., B. C., Ont., and Newf.—Spr.— —Senecio Earlei Small seems to be a more robust and pore leaved form ofi this species in the south- ern part of its range. 10. S.Smallii Britton. Plant 3-6 dm. tall: blades of x basalleaves narrowly lanceolate to E s serrate, incised-serrate, or incised or pinnatifid near the base: heads typically numerous and often crowded: oie 4—5 mm. long; braets glabr us or nearly so: ligules of the ray mostly 4-5 mm. long: achenes 1.5- ong.—Sandy fields, ditches, pinewoods, and dry woods, various mur V "ls. to Miss., Tenn., 'and Pa. hs 11. S. tomentosus Miehx. Plant 2-7 dm. tall, the dee bL and per- sistently floccose-tomentose: blades of the bas al leaves angular-ovate to broadly pon a triangular lanceolate, or ovate, cren TA or crenate-serrate, abruptly n rrowed o truneate at the base: heads few, at least relatively so, ultimately iot er RAN involuere ue mm. long; braets densely white- -pubescent when young: ligules of the ray 5-8 mm. long: achene 2-2.5 m m. long.—Sandy fields, banks, roadsides, and prairies, Coastal Plain iud adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and N. J —Spr. 12. S. n. Britton. Plant similar to S. E in habit, but nearly glabrous up t inflorescence where the peduncles are arachnoid: blades of the basal AE pm triangular-ovate, or mida iun dentate, or ere aei often inequilatera alat the abruptly pida or truncate base; heads r r few, not crowded, except when young: involucre 6-7 mm. long: braets slightly arachnoid or nea arly glabrous: ligules 5-8 mm. long: achene about 2.5 mm. long.—Moist pine woods, Coastal Plain, Ala.—Spr. 13. S. Me yaoi bu Plant 3-6 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves bipinnatifid: involuc mm. long; braets linear: ligules 5-6 mm. long.— n and dry Soil, "Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ala. to N. C.—Spr.- 14. S. Millefolium T. & G. Plant 3-7 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves bipinn ul dissected into narrowly linear segments: involucre 5-6 mm. long; braets linear pe usually lanceolate at the tip: ligules 2-4 mm. long: disk- corollas 4 mm. long.—Cliffs, Blue Ridge, S. C. and N. C—Sum. 23. ARCTIUM L. Biennial, coarse herbs. Leaves alternate: blades often ample, mainly entire or repand. Heads solitary in the axils or clustered; not conspicuous. Involucre with many nar- "77 row braets, eaeh hooked at the tip. Fila- ments glabrous. Pappus of short, rigid or seale-like bristles.—About 6 species, Eura- sian. 1. A. us Schk. Plant 4-16 dm. tall, often ae branched: leaf- sap ovate, those of the lower cauline leaves 2—4.5 long, all undulate or shallowly oe cuneate to elliptic. inn 5-6 mm. long or rarely smaller. — (BURDOCK. BEGGAR’S- BUTTONS. CLOTBUR.) — Waste-places, cult. grounds, and roadsides throughout U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fall. CARDUACEAE 1481. 124. CIRSIUM Filion Hil. Annual, biennial or perennial, large or coarse herbs. Leaves alternate: blades toothed, lobed, or pinnatifid, usually spiny. Heads erect, often showy. Involucre with the outer bracts, at least, eae tipped or spiny margined. Flowers violet, purple, lilac, or yellowish, or white. “Filan no mostly pubescent. Pappus of elongate capillary, cl bristles in several series.—More than 200 species, iniu distributed in the Northern D —Sum.fall or all year S.—THISTLES. BULL THISTLES. Heads not involucrate, but sometimes approximate to 1 or few bract-like leaves. Bracts of the involucre not spine-tipped. Heads solitary or few, large, the involucre over 2 cm. in diameter. I. MUTICA. x n small, the involucre less than 2 em. n diam II. ARVENSIA. Bad: “of the ene at least the outer spine-tipped. Spines of the involucral bracts appressed or erect. III. REPANDA. Sp. of the involucral bracts spreading. ner bracts of the involucre narrow, with soft “dattened tips. IV. ALTISSIMA. Inner bracts of the involucre, as well as outer spine- ippe V. LANCEOLATA. m jnvolucrate, surrounded by a whorl of spinescent VI. HORRIDULA. I. Mu Rather tall plant with woolly involucral pam and deeply pinnatifid leaf-blades. 1. C. muticum. ! II. ARVE Very spiny erect or diffuse plant T pue of numerous small, lilac-colored, heads of flow 2. C. arvense. III. REPANDA Body of the involucre 2 cm. thick or less Leaf-margins Eel y Spiny: glutinous line of the involu- eral bracts n 3. C. repandum. Leaf-margins nor "de oseio spiny: glutinous line of the in- volueral bracts broad. 4. C. LeContei. Body of the involucre 3 cm. thick or more. 5. C. odoratum. IV. ALTISSIMA Involuere less than 1.5 cm. thick. Le i? 2 Bees apio lanate-tomentose beneath. lades merely spiny toothed: spines of the involu- x DR slender, over 2 mm. lon 6. C. virginianum. Leaf-blades pinnatifid: or sin nuate- pinnatifid : Bel ee of e involucral bracts stout, less than 2 mm. long. T. C. revolutum. Leaf-blades thinly lanate-tomentose beneath. eaf-blades with weak, rather few, marginal spines: pores of the involücral bracts over 2 mm. lon 8. C. flaccidum. a with long and stout, very numerous mar- nal E spines of the involucral braets less than 2n . lon 9. C. Nuttallii. Involucre ov er l WX ene thick. Leaf-blades, exe cept those near the heads, merely toothed. 10. C. altissimum. Leaf-blades 1-2- -pinnatifid. 11. C. discolor. V. LANCEOLAT Very spiny plant with decurrent leaves: m e flowers bril- liant-violet. 12. C. lanceolatum. VI. HORRIDULA Involueral bracts all serrulate-ciliate twice as long as the filaments. 9. C. vittatum. Basal leaves with broad pinnatifid blades: anthers about l as long as the filaments. 14. C. Smallii. Involucral bracts puberulent or pubescent, but not ciliate. 15. C. horridulum. 1. C. m Miehx. Stem 8-25 dm. tall, angled, sors id or glabrate: leaf blades aa to elliptic-ovate, 1—2-pinnatifid, mainly 17-40 em. long, 1482 CARDUACEAE rather weakly spine-armed: outer bracts of the involuere obtuse or euspidate, the inner ones narrowly linear, short-acuminate, 27—29 . long: corollas lilae, mos E 2 -30 mm en —(SWAMP-THISTL Ee —Swamps, mead- ian ‘fields, and roadsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. Sask., and Newf.—Sum.-fall. 2. O. arvense (L.) Scop. Stems 2-10 dm. all glabrous or nearly so: ned | : ts of in- voluere acute, - e inner ones mm, pe short-acumina 9—12 long: corollas lilae to rosy- Aad or white, mostly 12-15 mm. lon g:— (Canapa: -THISTLE. )— Fields, pastures, waste- placos, and roadsides, various provi , N. C. to Kans., B. C., and Newf.—Sum.—Nat. of Eu.—Plants are a e dioecious. C. repandum Michx. Stem 1.5-5 dm. tall webby-lanate: leaf-blades spatulate to narrowly elliptic or broadly linear, pinnately many-lobed and copiously spiny: outer bracts of the involucre long-acumina te, the inner ones with curled tips: corollas rosy-purple.—Pinelands and sand-hills, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—Sum. | 4. C. LeContei T. & G. Stem 6-11 dm. tall, floccose- -woolly: leaf- blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, pinnatifid and relatively sparingly spiny: outer bracts of the involucre short-acuminate, the inner ones with erect tips: corollas rosy-purple.—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—Sum.-fall. odoratum (Muhl.) Petrak. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, tomentulose: leaf- blades oblaneeolate, 1 or 2-pinnatifid: outer braets of the involuere lanceolate, Ld -tipped, the inner bracts 25-35 mm. long: corollas E 40-50 long.— (PASTURE-THISTLE. )—Pastures, fields, and low unds, vario om N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Pa. and Me. uo fall. C. virginianum (L.) Michx. Stem 5-11 dm. tall, e leaf-blades linear to linear-elliptic, or spatulate at ps base of the stem, spiny-toothed: outer ies of the alginate with slender tips nearly as ae as the body, the inner bracts 12-14 mm. long: ars lilae to rosy- Purple, E 19 mm. long.— Woods d thiekets, Fla. to Miss. Ky., and Va.—Spr.- C. revolutum Small. Stem 5-20 dm. tall, floccose: leaves rigid; blades thick, revolute, rigidly spine-armed, densely white-woolly or bir ip e outer braets of the involuere short-tipped, the inner braets 12—20 long, narrowly linear: corollas lilac to rosy- Purple, 20—25 mm. long bay Picea Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C—Sum.—fal 8. C. flaccidum Small. Stem 7-16 dm. tall, floccose: leaves pliable; ici thin, flat, weakly spine-armed, thinly gray ^to mentose- ipe) beneath: ou braets of the involucre with slender tips nearly as long as nore the inner bracts long-tipped, 12—16 mm. long: corollas lilac to oe ae 19-21 mn long.—Woods and banks, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Tex. au Mo.—Late spr.-sum. CARDUACEAE 1483 9. C. Nuttallii (DC.) A. Gray. Stem 9-40 dm. tall, early glabrate: blades of the basal and the c cauline nee n ie elliptic- -spatulate, 2-pinnatifid: outer bracts of lg nvo ped. short-tipped, inner bracts abruptly short- tipped, 15-20 m iene orollas lilac to de) VA 20-25 mm. long.—Dry soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to "Miss. and S. C.— —Spr.-fall or all year S. 10. hi altissimum (L.) Spr eng. Stem 9-30 dm. tall, downy: blades of the basal or lower cauline vais Ain or broadest above or below the d sues white-tomentose ben : dod braets = the involucre with tips abou ¥4 as long as the body, the inner SM 8—30 mm. long: corollas purple to Ee 37—40 mm. long.— (ROADSIDE-THIS B —Thickets and fields, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn, and Mass.—Sum.-fall. e e peer iu Spreng. Similar to C. altissimum in habit, but seldom 20 dm l: leaf- S P AE to ov ate- lanceolate, anes white. eee ben r bracts the E with tips a about 8s long as the body, the inner adds 25-28 mm. long: corollas, lilac to purple, 28-30 m ng.—( FIELD- a ee es and joa dsides: various provinces, rarely Coastal ‘Plain, Ga. to Miss., Mo., Ont., and N. B.—Sum.-fal 12. C. lanceolatum (L.) pw sd A dm. tall, a pas crowded; blades lanceolate, 1 or 2 pinnatifid, grayish- woolly beneath: bracts of the involucre d narrow med into slender tips, the inner ee very dead Ae eed and attenuate: corollas, brilliant violet, 32-35 mm. long. B — (COMMON-THISTLE. L-THISTLE. )—Fields, pe and ro adsides, vari- ous provinces, "Ga. to Nebr., Calif., , Minn., and Newf.; mostly a weed. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fall. 13. C. vittatum Small. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, thinly pubescent: leaf-margins undulate or d with mostly ascen ding s spines: inner braets of the in- voluere 30—35 1 m. long: eorollas yellow or eream, about 30 mm. long: anthers much longer than the filaments.—Everglades and low pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla.—Spr.-sum. 14. C. Smalli Britton. Stem 4-9 dm. tall, ene dps leaf-segments r bra 25— with the terminal spines directed forward: of the involuere 30 mm uud a yellow or m m, 30- dn dbi pr about as long as the filam [C. pinetor m Small not Greenm ra MEE and sand- dunes, Coastal Plain; Fla. to S. ‘C— (W. I.)—Wint.-late spr. 9. C. horridulum Michx. Stem 3—40 dm. tall, woolly: leaf- CUN with eae spines: inner bracts of the involucre 40-45 mm. long: corollas 40-43 mm. long, edit (or purple in C. horridulum Add anthers oa cece than the filaments. [Carduus spinosissimus Walt.]—(YELLOW-THISTLE. )—Low grounds, eee and pastures, Coastal Plain ond adj. provinces, Fla. to ui and Me.—Spr.-sum.—Often a . ONOPORDUM [Vaill.] L. Annual or biennial, caulescent, coarse hei, the stems and branehes winged. Leaves alternate: blades sinuate or ge priekle-armed, decurrent. Heads erect, many-flowered. Inv olucre ovoid, globular, or depressed: bracts numerous, narrow, spine-tipped. Recepta- honeycombed. Flowers numerous, all alike, perfect, tubular. DEN S o with a slender tube and a shorter campanulate throat: lobes linear or 1484 CARDUACEAE nearly so. Anthers e at the bas with subulate appendages. Achene xs ward. panne of eapil- lary-attenuate scabrous or barbellate bristles which are united at the base and deciduous al together.—About 12 species, natives of the Old World. i = ap pe L. Stem 2 m. tall or less, vings spiny margined: leaf- Due PE elliptic, lanceolate, or e mostly 1-3 dm. long, oe copiously spine-armed: involucre 3—4 em. in diam bra ce numerous, linear- a. firm, E inner m. long, the outer pote and re ei: corollas d Or purplish: eens narrowly obovoid, 4—5 mm. long, transversely wrinkled and ribbed.— (COTTON-THISTLE. Scorer ard que waste- dd and fields, vari- N ous provinces, Ala. to Ont. and N. Sum at. of Eurasia. 126. MARIANA [Vail.] Hil. Annual or biennial, tall, thistle-like herbs, the stem not winged. Leaves alterna lades sinuate-lobed i natifid, prickle-armed, not decurrent. S ieee: many-flowered, not radiate. Involucre ipe ais ed-globose: braets conspieuous, spiny-ciliate, with broad bases spreading or reflexed spine-armed tips. Receptacle flattish, dens wed sar ee all alike, perfect, tubular. Corollas elongate, with a very slender tube and a short campanulate throat: lobes linear. Anthers d: sagittate at the base, with lanceolate a J api which are united at the base and deciduous all together from the ring-like top of the achene.—One spec Mariana (L.) Hil. Stem 1.5 m. tall t ns, those of the basal leaves with stout petiole-like bases, those of the cauline auricu- C A) A ARD g o Sa. S re DANS " 7 "e + i Hf; t ^p i A x i IN f ; AN j D RH ^u H s ind Es ipi e ostly dm. long: involuere stly 4—6 em. in diameter; bracts with sub- orbicular, men or elliptie bodies id T as long or de tips: corolla purple or pu rplish, mostly 5-3 ong: achene mo oblique, d, S ellipsoid- -obovoid, 5.5-6.5 mm. long, Eds TP blunt Dio ubernce within the ring-like top.—(MILK- pude ial —Roadsides and waste-places, Dine in various provinces, “Ala. to Ont.; ; also on Pacific Coast. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.- 127. CENTAUREA L. Annual (ours), or perennial herbs. alternate: blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Heads relatively smal luere with irregularly to Leaves l. Inyo- othed or fimbrillate outer bracts, tae intermediate ones, at least, often armed with spines. Anthers sagittate he base, with appen- dages at least % as long as the sacs. Achenes n, or 4-angled. Pappus CARDUACEAE 1485 of scales or bristles in several series, or obsolete.—About 350 species, mostly natives of the Old World.—Sum.—S'TAR-THISTLES. eor i stem and branches winged. oo, ste oolly: spines of the involucre yellowish. 1. C. solstitialis. Em: pluie: of the involucre purplish. 2. C. melitensis. Corollas purple: em and branches wingle SS. 3. C. Calcitrapa. l. C. solstitialis L. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, woolly: blades of the stem-leaves elliptic. lanceolate or d entire or merely toothed: involueres ovoid or sub- globose, about 1.5 em. long; bracts various, the intermediate ones with long, sle pe er, ye loy Is nee yellow.— (BAR BY"S-THISTLE.)—Was te-places, fields, ud roadsides, various dc Fla. to " Calif., Ia., Ont., and Mass. Nat. of Eu. 2. C. m Per: L. Stem 1 m. tall or less, huno par! Side 14 Vd ee leaf- of —— ee Lu. = - pu pef SS Pon L ne prickles: a yellow.—Vari prov- inces, Ga. to , N. Mex., Calif., Mo., and Mass. Nat. of Eu. 3. C. Calcitrapa L. Stem 3-4 dm. tall: blades of the stem- Ed 1—2-pin- nudi corollas purple.—Waste- tae various provinces, Ala. to N. C. and Mass.; also on Pacific Coast. Nat. of Eu. Centaurea Cyanus L. An annual, native of Europe, with white- floccose foliage, narrow entire leaves, white, pink, blue, or purple heads, and spineless involueral braets, has eseaped from cultivation in the eastern United States. It is known as s CORN- -FLOWER, BLUEBOTTLE, BACHELOR’S-BUTTON, or RAGGED-ROBIN. NICUS L. Annual, caulescent, widely branched herbs. Leaves ores blades sinuate-pinnatifid and spiny-margined or merely spiny-pin- natifid, veiny. Heads erect, many-flowered, sessile. Involuere ov oid, leafy- involuerate: bracts narrow, rigid, some of them pectinate-spiny near the tip, appressed. Receptacle with ronal bristles. Flowers various, the marginal ones sterile, the central fruit-producing. Corollas elongate, with a slender tube nd a shorter cylindric- aod ED oat: lobes narrow, unequal. Anthers minutely tailed at the base, with er a appen- dages. Achene stout, oblique, many striate- ribbed, with a scalloped crown. Pappus ouble, the outer row of long slender-sub- ulate bristles, the inner of short-subulate bristles.—One species. 1. C. benedictus L. Stem usually less than 1 late, the upper ones somewhat clasping: in- voluere 1.5-2 em. in diameter; larger bracts 1486 CICHORIACEAE pi EE. with db dd E tips: corollas mainly yellow: achene neariy cylindric, 7-9 mm. long, any prominent ribs, thus E teeth as P crown delto id: "5 onger 2 As s-bristles exceedin ng the achene.—( BLE THISTLE. — e-places, eens and fields, various ee Ga. Pun and N. Nat. of Eu. r.— 29. CHAPTALIA Vent. Perennial, scapose, small herbs, woolly throughout. iiis alternate, all basal: blades undulate to lyrate-pinnatifid. eads nodding, at least when young, solitary. Involucre mostly narrow: bracts herbaceous, ultimately reflexed. Flowers white, sometimes purple- stained without. Marginal corollas ligulate. Anthers long-tailed at the base: appendages lanceolate. Achene mostly beaked or narrowed at the apex.— About 25 species, natives of warm-temperate and tropical Ameriea.—SUN- BONNETS. Involuere becoming 1-1.5 em. long: achene narrowed into a short neck; only the 1 pistillate perfect. . C. tomentosa. m. becoming 2 cm. long: achene with a beak fully as long s the body ; all perfect. 2. C. dentata. 1. C. tomentosa Vent. Leaves in rosettes; blades elliptic to dd d 4—10 em. long, EN entire or remotely dentieulate, green and glabrou above, pud white tomentose ath: scapes tall, sometimes tufted, sim- ple: inv ural bracts da to linear, the inner becoming 10- . long: ligules of the ray-flowers a SUE white or ivory within, 7-10 mm. long: a achene of the i ae at each eo tre yrsanthema a eile (Walt. Kuntze. ]-—Moist cade Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. 2. C. dentata (L.) Cass. Leaves spread- n eid pie to x eds 3—11 . lon dc undulate or denticulate, bro ea ace ose above or glabr age, lanate- accede: beneath: ee slender, p dm. tall, floccose: involu- ere lanate, pd inner bracts becoming 18-21 long, narrowly linear: inner rolla 2 7-8 mm. lon ng: achene E the bo ag 3.5-4.5 mm. long, the beak as IR ng or longer t y the body. [any rsanthema dentata (L.) Kuntze.]—Pine- lands, Peed: Keys, Fla.—(W 15 —Spr. Famity 3. CICHORIACEAE — Cuicory FAMILY Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, or partially woody plants. Leaves c blades entire, toothed, or parted. Flowers perfect, all alike, borne in heads. Corolla ligulate, the l-sided limb mostly 5-lobed at the apex. Stigmas unappendaged. Achene smooth, papillose, murieu- late, or spiny.—About 70 genera and 1,500 species, of wide geographie distribution. Pappus wanting or obsolete. 1. SERINEA. Pappus presen Pappus of plu umose bristle Receptacle not chaffy: ‘lant eee 2. TRAGOPOGON. O aa chaffy: plant sca 3. HYPOCHAERIS. CICHORIACEAE 1487 PODES not plum Pappus consisting, at least in part, of scales which sometimes are ce into a crown In onere single: pappus | E both scales and ristles: corolla ye Pappus of 5 broad Seale and 5-10 bristles: plant annual. 4, KRIGIA. xi ds of 10-15 minute narrow scales and 10—15 bristles or more: plant perennial. 5. CXNTHIA. muvee ade p appui crown-like, of numer- n20 ore series: corolla blue. 6. CICHORIUM. Paunus- consisting. of capillary bristles, not plumose. Ache ar flattened, cylindric or prismatic. e not beake d. Coroll a rose or purplish. Achene tapering to the apex: plant with Ted like stems and narrow leaf-bla 7. LYGODESMIA. Achene ‘tapers ng to the base: plant wit ane-like stems and broad leaf- blades. 8. NABALUS. Corolla yellow, cream-colored, or white. Ligules cream-colored. 8. NABALUS. Lisules ru Pap awny, or white in H. argyraeum : leaf-blades not pin- natifid. 9. HIERACIUM. Pappus white: leaf-blades pin- natifid. 10. CREPIS. Achene beaked at the apex, d "duum long and slender or short and st aee EA least the ma pul ones slen- er Achene ai merely nerved or ribbed. Bracts of the n involucre ap- pressed: pa white: ue Aa E a ur ed bas 10. CREPIS. DM sordid : achene attached a disk-like base n SITILIAS. l Achene EE ond spinulose. . LEONTODO Achenes with short stout beaks. ix HRACHUREL DEUS Achene flattened. Achene narrowed at the apex or beaked. Achene thin, prolonged into a slender, often filiform beak. 14. LACTUCA. chene thickish, narrowed at the apex, ut not beaked. 15. MULGEDIUM. Achene truncate at the apex. 16. SONCHUS 1. SERINEA Raf. Annual, pale, tender, caulescent herbs. Leaves often numerous: blades narrow, entire, repand, or lyrate-pinnatifid. Heads long-peduneled, small (1-1.5 em. broad). Involuere campanulate: bracts rather broad, ribbed, erect at maturity. Corollas yellow Achene obovoid, 8—10-ribbed. Pappus — ing obsolete.—' Three. species, North Eo» ERN EE American. 1. S. oppositifolia (Raf.) Kuntze. Stem 9-30 em. tall, slender, sometimes sparingly glandular- 2e leaf-blades spatulate to linear s em. long, ed bcne e often toot Be m "with petiole- like e T the upper entire and sessile: bract s of the involuere ovate to lanceolate, becoming 4-5 mm. long: achene 1.5 m ong, ear pen! ribbed.—Moist soil, fields, —spr. and waste-places, various ee Fla. to Tex., Kans., and S. 1488 CICHORIACEAE 2. TRAGOPOGON [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial erect caulescent, rather coarse herbs. Leaf-blades narrow, long-attenuate, often sheathing at the base. Heads erect. Involucres relatively narrow: bracts elongate, often surpassing the disk. Achene terete or 5-angle , the inner at least slender- beaked.—About 35 species, natives of the Old Worl d. Bracts of the involucre surpassing the ligules: corollas'purple. 1. T. porrifolius. Bracts 2 the involucre as long as the ligules or shorter : corollas yello 2. T. pratensis. 1. T. porrifolius L. Stem 4-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades elasping or sheathing at the base: curs E ici dun upward: bracts of the involucre 2. T. pr ratensis L. Similar to T. porrifolius in habit: e abruptly thickened under the head: bracts of the involucre lanceolate, 25-3 m. lon achene stout-fusiform, 1.5-2 em. long, the beak shorter than the body.—(GoAT'S-BEARD.)—Fi and waste- P various provinces, Ga. to Ont. Nat. of E | 8. HYPOCHAERIS L. Perennial or rarely annual, scapose herbs, the seapes-often minutely scaly. Le af-blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Heads showy, erect, long-peduncled. Involueres cylindric to campan nulate: bracts in several unequal series, the outer ones very small, the inner ones with dorsal crests near the apex. Corollas yellow. Stigmas slender, filiform or short. Achenes, the inner ones, at least, slender-beaked. Pappus ee bristles plumose.—About 50 species, Eurasian and South American.—Cat RS. Achenes uniform, all beaked : corollas much exceeding the pisci 1. H. radicata. Achenes of 2 kinds, the outer beakless, the inner beaked : rollas slightly exceeding the involucre. . H. glabra. 1. H. radicata L. Plant perennial, 2-6 dm. tall: leaves mostly 4-17 cm. long, a blades spatulate in o outline, pe toothed or ages heads 2.5—4 wide: ollas with very narrow ligules E fusiform, the bodies 3-3.5 m m. long, i spinulose, those of the inner ones at least eaks.—W aste- 2. H. glabra L. ce Lage 2-5 dm tall: leaves rm 6—14 cm. lon ng, glabrous or nearly so; blades SUD ial to linear- Debes achenes various, the inner fusiform CICHORIACEAE 1489 with bodies 3—4 mm. long and nad beaks, the outer about 3 mm. ong; beak- less.—Roadsides, lawns, and grassy places, various provinces, N Fla. to Ohio and Me. Nat. of Eu.—Spr. -f all 4. KRIGIA Schreb. Annual herbs. Leaves mainly basal: blades nar- row, toothed or pinnatifid. Heads a -peduncled. Involucre narrow Cor 5. CYNTHIA D. Don. Perennial herbs. Leaves mainly basal: blades narrow or broad, entire, repand, or pinnatifid. Heads long-pedun vo- lucre stout: bracts narrow, reflexed at maturity. Corollas Ei Ec of Achene not broadened upward. Pappus 10-15 minute scales and as many or more numerous barbellate bristles.—F'our species, North American. ened upward. Pappus o of 5 seales abeut 15 as long as the achene and also of 5 or 10 barbellate bristles.—One species. K. virginica (L.) Willd. Plant 0.3-4 dim. tall: ed [unn spatula ate to nearly linear, 2-12 em. long: involueres e less than 7 m mm. D ales 6-7 m ong: achenes fully 1.5 mm. long, finely sibbed Di a carolinianus (Walt.) B e ] —(DWARF-DANDELION.) — Open ei one and oe various provinces, Fla. T Tex ex., Ont., and Me. —Spr. Plant caulescent, the roots not tuber- bearing: pappus-scales not attenuate? heads many. Pappus-seales very short: stem erect, sparingly leafy: leaves with dila ted ‘bla des 1. C. virginica. PADDOR BY EIE: pde P1 e length of the achene : stem decumbent eclining, v : leaves with narrow blades. 2. C. montana. Plant PET the p tuber-bearing: pappus- -scales attenu- ate: heads solitary. 3. C. Dandelion. 1. C. virginica (L.) D. Don. Stem 1-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate, elliptic, or oval, not elongate, entire or repand or slightly lyrate-pinnatifid: coarsely ribbe d.—Mo ist banks and m mea dow ws, ario to Kans., Man., and Mass.—Spr.—fal 2. C. montana (Michx.) Standley. Stem 1—4 dm. tall, branched, diffuse at maturity: lcaf blades linear to linear- 'spatulate, elon- gate, entire or irregularly pinnatifid: pedun cles usually solitary: achene d broad- est above the middle, 2.5-3 mm. long, l4 long as the pappus- ‘bristles: Pappus scales about !4 as ne.— Cliffs and rocky opes in eon pu soil, Blue Ridge, Ga. Tenn. and N. C— Sum.—fa 3. C. Dandelion (L.) DC. Scape 0.5-5 dm. tall, simple: leaf-blades spatu- late to linear-oblong or linear, 5-15 cm. long, entire, repand, or irregularly 94 1490 CICHORIACEAE p head solitary: achene slightly broadest above the middle, nearly. 2.5 ong, about 15 = E as the pappus-bristles: pappus-scales 14-36 as long as the ac v a oist or dry soil, often in woods, various provinees, Fla. to Tex. Kans., and N. J b e sum 6. CICHORIUM. [Tourn.] L. Perennial rigid herbs. Leaf-blades toothed or pinnatifid, or erisped. Heads sessile or nearly so. Involuere firm or rigid: outer braets spreading, the inner erect. Achene 5-ribbed or 5-angled. Pap- pus of 2 or 3 rows of seales.—About 8 species, in the Old World.—CHICORIES. SUCCORIES. 1. C.Intybus L. Tap-root elongate, tough. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, rigidly wide-branched: blades of the stem-leaves oblong to lanceo- late, pinnatifid, toothed, or entire: involu- , er 0-12 mm. long; bracts lanceolate to linear, iil outer glandular-eilia Il sky-blue white: ligules 10-20 mm. lon achene 2.2. 5 mm. long.—(COMMON-CHICORY. BLUE-SAILORS. )— Fields, fence-rows, and A E provinees, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Wash., Ont., and N. S. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.)—Sum.-fall. 7. LYGODESMIA D. Don. Annual or perennial taulescent herbs or id woody plants, the stems rush-like. Leaf-blades Rar entire or re- ely, eod -toothed, or ike. Bor erect. volucre uude une not SP ce 6 species, North American. 1. L. aphylla (Nutt.) DC. Stem erect or are ng, 3-8 dm. tall, solitary or tufted by t | 1 ly rose- Spi Or ee white, 1.5-2 em. long, toothed at the apex: achene narrow, 10-13 mm. long, nearly as long as the white pappus.—(FLOWERING-STRAWS. ROSE-RUSH.)—Dry pinelands and scrub, Coastal Plain, | Fla. and Ga.—Spr.-fall. 8. NABALUS Cass. Perennial caulescent herbs. Deaf blades toothed, lobed, Los or divided. Heads nodding. Involucre cylindric or nearly so: m braets nearly A in length. Achene brace to columnar.— About 25 species, American and Asiatic. WHITE-LETTUCES. LION’S-FOOT. Diu SPIRI. Heads 8-18-flowered, in thyrsoid or virgate racemiform panicles, Achene minutely, sometimes I eure striate and also sometimes x M. s PUEDE involucre glabrous or nearly s CICHORIACEAE 1491 chene 5-15-nerved and sometimes angled by 4 or 5 of the stronger nerves: involucre copiously poe II. RACEMOSI. Heads 20-35-flowered, in corymb-like panicles III. CREPIDINEI. I. ALB eads 5-7-flowered : involucre slender, less "m 3 mm. thick ; pura light-green: pappus stramineous. 1. N. altissimus. Heads Kad flowered : involucre stout, over 3 mm. thick, deep- n, gla aucous, or purple Pappus deep cinnamon-color ed. 2. N. albus. Pappus stramineous or light. bro Leaf-blades merely toothed o enews ine lower leaf-blades elliptic to oval, not cordate. 3. N. integrifolius. Larger bracts of the outer involucre ovate: lower leaf-blades pee oe cordate. 4. N. roanensis, Leaf-blades, at least some of them, pinnatifid, lobed, or divided. Inflorescence paniculate Pa nicle broadened upw vard: bracts of the in- volu S late: p oS exceeding the inner involu- eral bra 5. N. serpentarius. Larger bracts of the outer involucre ee m triangular-ovate: pappus and inn volucral bracts about equal. 6. N. trifoliatus. Panicle cylindric: bracts of the involucre spar- ingly hairy.. T. N. cylindricus. Inflorescence racemiform. 8. N. virgatus II. Rac Leaf-blades entire or rather finely pee Soa of the inflorescence very short Bud close together. 9. N. asper. III. CREP Leaf-blades finely or coarsely NS or pe pu aches of the inflorescence elongate and distan 10. N. crepidineus. N. a s (L) H Stem 9-21 dm. tall, glabrous, glaucous: leaf- adc denticulate, or lobed o a divided and with denticulate or lobed divisions: involucres les than ick, the outer bracts of the o deitoid to e 1-2 mm. long, the inner ones 9-10 lon light-green, glabrous: ligules mon eni ish or yellowish.—Woods and low thickets, various Doe el pd Plain, Ga. to Miss. T Tenn., Man., and New 2. N. albus (L.) Hook. Stem 3-16 m. tall, glabrous, glaucous: leaf-blades, or the divisions, coarse ely toothed: outer bracts of e involuere ovate, ud. long, the in- ones 10-12 perd dark-green, a. ligules "dul white or cream- eolored.—Rich banks, woods, and thickets, hal tee P Pd Coastal Plain, Ga. o Tenn., Sask., tegrifolius Cas Ste -18 dm. tal, glabrous, at least in age; wis blades hese oe to pum arr t above or below the middle, finely or coarsely UT those of the lower jade cuneate to subcordate at the bas outer bracts of the involucre d hirsute on the back: pappus dirty brown Woods, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. Y. 4. N. roanensis Chickering. Stem 3-5 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades ovate 6 poene denticulate, the basal lobes directed: backwards or sidewards: 1492 CICHORIACEAE inner Nun of the involucre 8-9 mm. long, sparingly hirsute on the back with long : pappus dingy straw-colored.—Mt. peaks, Blue Ridge, N. C. and id 5. N. serpentarius (Pursh) Hook. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, pos larger leaf-blades Pci lobed: inner bracts of the involuere 9—11 ong, often ciliate at the tip: pappus straw-colored.— (LION 'S-FOOT. 4 “Fields, woods, and thickets, ane provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ont., and Mas liatus Cass. Stem 8-26 dm. tall glabrous: larger leaf-blades podately 1 lobed: inner bracts of the involucre 9-11 mm. long, wholly glabrous: pappus light-brown.— (GALL-OF-THE-EARTH. )— "o ods and thickets, various provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C., and Ten N. cylindricus Small. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, glabrous: ee leaf- eda pinnately 3—5-lobed: inner bracts of the involucre 9-10 mm. long, with s ered hairs on the back: pappus pale-brown.—Mt. slopes, Blue Ridge a foi lachian Plateau, N. C. to Tenn. and Ky. N. virgatus (Michx.) DC. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades Dd to db te in outline, pinnatifid, E o toothed: outer braets of the involuere ciliate, the inner ones ong, glabrous: ligules us Or pub onse straw- colored min b Up Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. J. 9. N. asper (Michx.) T. & G. Stem 9-20 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf- oe obovate, oblong or ee eR te to coarsely toothed: bracts of the volucre hirsute, the inner ligules cream-co olored: pappus sordid- n or a straw-colored.—Dry soil, various Ta La. to Tenn., S. Dak., and Ohio. 10. N. e d DC. Stem 9-21 dm. tall, finely pubescent at least when young: leaf-blades ovate to pori ie finely or coarsely toothed: bracts of the oues ruri -hirsute, the inner 9—10 mm. lon : ligules cream- eolored: pappus dirty-brown.—Rich soil A “thickets, various provinces N o Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Kans., Minn., and N. Y. 9. HIERACIUM L. Perrennial caulescent or scapose herbs. Leaf- blades entire or toothed. Heads erect, paniculate or corymbose. Involucres usually narrow: main bracts unequal in length, often in 2 or 3 series, with a ealyeulum. Corolla yellow, rarely white or orange. Achenes fusiform or eolumnar, ribbe Pappus of 1 or 2 series of sordid or brownish HN bristles, or ay white.—About 300 species, natives of the north temperate zone and South America.—HAWKWEEDS. Flowering stem leafy. I. PANICULATA. Flowering stem leafless.. II. VENOSA. I. PANICULATA Achene columnar Inflorescence more or less elongate, not flat-topped. Pa nicle lax: heads few- (10- T flowered. 1. H. paniculatum. Panicle stiff : heads inn ny- (40-50) flowered. 2. H. scabrum. Inflorescence corymbifor 3 ea eo 2 40) flowered: peduncles densely pubes . H. marianum. Heads iv (10-15) flowered : peduncles glaucous. . H. Scribneri. Achene fusiform Inflorescence corymbifor appus brown. H. meoo cenh alon: Pappus white. 3 4 In Ao rescence. ‘elongate, ee o. H. Gronovii. 6. T. H. argyraeu CICHORIACEAE 1493 II. VENOSA Inflorescence- branches glabrous or sparingly pubescent: bracts of the inv Ene glabrous or with scattered fine short glandular hai 8. H. venosum. Inflorescence- ban DES tomentulose and hispid: bracts of the . involucre tomentulose and also with long black glandular 9. H. Greenii. . H. A E L. Er ant pale-green or glaucescent, 3-12 dm. tall, the stem sometimes villous at the base: blades of the cauline leaves elliptic- spatu- late to elliptic or elliptic -lanceolate, mostly em. long, othed, g acute or acu ise E qu peduneles Nob slender, nearly filiform, usually ay about = thickets, various ences Ga. to Ala, Mich., and N. S.—Sum 2. H. scabrum Michx. Plant pright-green, 3-14 dm. tall the stem pubescent through- out: blades of the cauline jen es Re to elliptic, oval, or ovate, 3-16 long, entire or repand-denticulate, pubescens. ob- tuse or acutish, the upper ones sessile: eae rather stout, copiously Sameera pubescent: inner eds of the 7-9 mm. long, glan ndular-pubes achene 2-2.5 m ong. doe ds uod. B ier roadsides, erus provinees, Ga. ^ Miss. Kans., Mian and N. S.—Sum.-fall. 3. H. marianum Willd. Plant bright-green, 3-8 dm. tall, the stem glabro or softly hi is near the Mes basal leaves often persistent; ; blades spa ani to obovate, mostly 10-15 cm. long, with more or less shaggy-pubescent petiole- like bases: cauline leaves Hole blades obovate, oblanceolate, or elliptie, entire or repand-dentieulate, obtuse or abruptly po ointed, E ile: peduneles usually nid white- fomentalo ose and also glandular-pubes : inner bracts of the in- 'oluere 7-9 mm. long, sparingly glandular- pubescen is achene 2.5-3 mm. long, Or Ru nir — Woods, clearings, and banks, various AA Fla. to Miss., Ohio, and N. H.— H. Scribneri Small. Epod glaucous, 3-8 dm. tall, the stem glabrous or hirsutulous at the more or less purple- eae d , basal leaves often persis- tent; blades spatulate to elliptic, a cm. long, w p aps Epid like bases: cauline leaves few; blades ‘oblanceolate elliptic, lane , OT linear-lanceolate, a or repand- -denticulate, acuminate o row pes -9 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly glandular pubescent: achene 2--2.5 ng or rarely larger.—Rocky slopes, wooded hillsides, E bluffs, Blue Ridge to Interior Low Plateaus, Ga. to Ala. and Ind.—Sum 5. H. Gronovii L. Plant 2—12 dm. tall, very varie in habit, e the stem pubescent on the lower part s or near t zc base: basal leaves sometim oe Aen a to spatulate, 3— 16 c long, sparingly shaggy- ube. cent at the edges or sometimes a oe ee ‘pubes scent: cauline leaves few to many; ladies ae obovate, elliptic, | or ovate, mostly sessile or clasp- ing: peduncles glandular- pubescent: inner bracts of the involuere 6-7 mm 1494 CICHORIACEAE long, glandular- ddp x 3— - 5 mm. aom cs * woods, p hill- sides, and pinelands, ous provinees, Fla Ont., and Mass.—Sum.- fall.—The plant with road ba a T ree extending ee to the base of the PEDE from Florida, has Don described as H. floridanum. 6. H. megacephalon Nash. Plant 2-7 dm. tall, the stem hirsute, sometimes sparingly so, throughout: tae odis persistent; blades spatulate d D ate, b 4-17 em. long, more or less shaggy-pubescent: cauline leaves fev lades spatulate dd ate, d or wi olate: peduncles finely Dub and glandular er bra of the involucre 9-11 mm. long, glandular-pubescent: achene 4.5- 55 mm. s —Pinelands, pen. Fla. and Coastal Plain of Ga.—All H. argyraeum Small Plant 1.5-5 dm. tall, the stem more or less hirsute d glandular above: basal leaves persistent; blades spatulate, obovate, or ic, 2-13 em. lo elliptic, 2—13 . long, more or less shaggy-pubescent: cauline leaves few ; blades ee obovate, elliptic, or E or peduncles closely glandular pubescent and finely tomentulose: inner bracts of the involucre 8-10 mm. long, bu. Sube. sometimes aco pA so: aehene 4—4.5 mm. long.—Ham- mocks and open pinelands, Fla.—All . H. venosum L. Plant 2-6.5 dm. tall, the stem (scape) usually glabrous and purple-tinged: basal leaves persistent; blades obovate to spatulate, 3-15 m. long, undulate or repand-dentieulate usually pale-green and purple- -veined, glabrous or pubes sometime rple beneath, glab cent near the se: ped es glabrous or spar d cae p inner bracts of the involucre 6-7 jong : achen RATTLESNAKE-WEED. PoOR-ROBIN’S ong.— ANTAIN.)—Dry icd shaded ns and p often in acid soil, various dorsum Ga. to Nebr., Mass., and Me.—Sum 9. Greenii Porter & Britton. Plant 3-9 dm. tall the stem (scape) i oue or finely pubescent, often only in = basal leaves persistent; ndulate E 'ha e, 0 haggy-pubescent, especially near the margins pet at the pss bright green: a s finely white a and E pubescent: inner bracts of the involuere 8-11 mm. long: achenes 3-3. . long.—Dry woods and open slopes, Blue Ridge a more N provinces, A on Ala., Ohio, and Pa.—Spr. 10. CREPIS L. Annual or biennial herbs, resembling Hieracium, with glabrous or sparingly pubescent foliage. Leaves alternate: blades mostly re- and or pinnatifid. Heads few—many- doneréd, paniculate or corymbose. In- volueres narrow: bracts usually in a single row or in several rows. Corollas yellow. Achene narrow. Pappus of white soft hairs.—About 200 species, natives of the Northern Hemisphere. Involucre 6-8 mm. high: achenes fusiform, beakless. Leaf-blades uncia DINAR atifid : invo olucre 6—8 mm. high: achene 2.5—3 mm. lon . C. tectorum. pe pend ly rate- pinnatifid : involucre 3.5—4.5 mm. high : achene 1.5-2 mm. lon 2. C. japonica. Involucre 9 "12 inm. high: achene slender-fusiform, beaked, the marginal ones filiform-beaked. 3. C. foctida. 1. C. tectorum L. Plant usually branched at the base, 2-4 dm. tall, spar- ingly baten leaf-blades elliptie, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate in outline, -— CICHORIACEAE 1495 runcinate-pinnatifid, sually sagittate- auriculate at the base: Sale 6-8 mm. high; braets hirsute-hispid, acute: achene | fusiform , 4.5-3 mm. long, ri ribbed.— —( HAWKS- RD. \—Roadsides and fields, various prov- co N. C. to Nebr. and Ont. Nat. of Eu —Fall. 2. C. japonica (L.) Benth. Plant 1-6 dm tall: stem simple below or branched at the eat finely nd near the base, glabrous r nearly s o abov and} n the very slenderly p nched inflor ih cence: leaves mainly or wholly basal; eges T pinnatifid, mostly 5—15 em. long, petioled: involueres 3.5—4.5 mm. high; bracts "nain ate, gla- brous: achene fusiform, 1.5-2 mm. long, ribbed m uum waste- places and meadows, S La. Nat. of Japan.— (W. I.)—A yea 3. C. foetida L. ns 3—5 dm. tall, simple below or branched di the base, n bescent: leaf-blades mostly oblan ceolate in outline, runcinate-pinnatifid o of them coarsely us thed, those of the stem with dilated fringed. toothed bases: involucres 9-12 mm. hi gh; ce racts acuminate, loosely hirsute: achenes various, and inner ones ice beaked, the marginal ones with filiform beaks as long as ‘the bust —Roadsides, fields, and dunes, coastwise islands of NE Fla. and Ga. f Eu.—Spr.-fal 11. SITILIAS Raf. Biennial or perennial caulescent or seapose herbs. Leaf-blades irregularly toothed, pinnatifid, or sometimes entire. Heads erect. Involucre ovoid to campanulate: bracts in 2 unequal series, inner ones abruptly keeled near the apex. NEM yellow or whitish. Achene with an ellipsoid body. Pappus double, the outer a short.—Six species, North American.— Spr.—fall.—FALSE-DANDELIONS. Bracts of the outer 2 fully 1/3 to over 1/2 as long or inner: heads uly 2.5 em. long at maturity. S. caroliniana. Bracts of the outer involueres less than 1/3 as long as the j *: heads 2 em. long at maturity or shorter. 2. S. multicaulis. S. caroliniana (Walt.) R Stems erect, 1-1.5 dm. tall, usually branched: pes der blades more or cone dE pinnatifi, sometimes merely denticu- late or arly entire, aad oe ee poe 12- ao ong ; inner ISSN bracts narrowly linear; outer bracts nar- Se (A rower, fully 14 to over l5 as long as the Bi =< a _Tigules eae achene-body about 5 977/71 Ne mm. long, ribbed, ees e [Pyr- ARA "opos prs pe (Walt.) DC.]—Dry į soil, roadsides, waste- places and pin d 4 pem ie Fla. to Tex. Kans., an nd Del.—Spr.-fall.—A. Du with pale com colored ligules, tipped with rose, and u in | ecu Ala. This may prove, upon ene eae gation to bos a " distinct species. 2. S. multicaulis (DC.) Greene. Stems solitary or tufted, ascending or spread- ing, 1-4 dm. long, more or less branched: leaves mainly bas al, 5-15 em. long: 1496 CICHORIACEAE blades pinnate or irregularly pinnatifid, the segments entire or toothed; buda leaves narrower, deeply pinnatifid or ee toothe d; involucres 1-1.5 c long; inner bracts narrowly linea ar, acute; outer bra ear-su Pape A p? nearly 14 as long as the inner bracts: ligules bright-yellow. 1.5-2 long: achene-body 3.5-4 mm. long, r reddish, transversely wrinkled —Dry soil, hillsides, prairies, woods, cus E tch-banks, various provinces, N Fla. to Tex. and A (Mex.)—Spr. and s 12. LEONTODON L. Perennial low caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades sinuate-toothed or runcinate-pinnatifid, or rarely entire. Heads solitary. In- voluere thick, scaly. Achene not much flattened. Pappus persistent. [Zaraz- acum Ludwig.]—About 30' species, in the Northern Hemisphere and South Ameriea.—Spr.-fall..—DANDELIONS. BLOW-BALLS. Inner involucral bracts unappendaged: achene brown or olive-green. 1. L. Taracacum. Inner involucral bracts appendaged at the tip: achene red or red-brown. 2. L. erythrospermum. L. Taraxacum L. Leaf- blades d or coarsely pinnatifid, often lyrate, the lobes broad: nn haer. m. wide, the ligules orange-yellow: involucral acts green, t ong, reflex a br achene-body Te Boe near the top: pappas ie um Taraxacum S arst.]— open grounds, ast places and. E E U. S. and S. Can erythrospermum (Andr z.) Eiehw eroe pinnatifid or pate divided, runcinate, the lobes narrow: heads 2-3 em wide, the ligules light-yellow: involueral braets pc, the outer ones short, RAP spreading: acne ene -body harply a near the apex: pappus dirty. -white—Fields, lawns, and waste- places, various provinces 'N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Tenn., Alb., and Me. Nat. of Eu. 3. BRAC HUS DC. Annual, coarse herbs with branching stems. Leaves mainly basal or on the lower part of the stem. Leaf-blades sagittate-clasping, mostly pinnatifid lyrate-pinnatifid. Heads erect. MCA 0 haps a few other species, tropiea 1. B. intybaceus (Jaeq.) D Stem 3-15 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf- [Ados B teu those of the er leaves 1 g, edges or lobes spiny-toothed: heads solitary at the nodes, on slender sealy sta bra t involuer id M scarious- margined, the outer ova er linear th , the lanceolate: corollas a or ochrolene id aehene somewhat fusiform, abou CICHORIACEAE | 1497 ong: pappus ee e )— Roadsides, cult. AP and vase pace S Fla. Nat. of Trop. Am.—(W. I. Mex , €. A, S. A.)—Al year 14. LACTUCA L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, the stems Pi Leaf "blades dc paa broad, entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, some- spiny-m erect. Involueres cylindric to ovoid. chene Farbe: erc nyo 75 species, in the Northern Hemisphere.— Sum.—fall.—-LETTUCES. WOOD-LETTUCES. WILD-LETTUCES. Leaf-blades spiny-toothed and often spiny along the midrib beneath: corollas yellow. Involucres 6-12-flowered. Leaf-blades sinuately spiny-denticulate. 1. L. virosa. Leaf-blades deeply pinnatifid. 2. L. Scariola. Involucres 12-20-flowered. Involucres over 1.5 cm. high: beak fully as long as the body of the achene. Involueres less than 1.5 cm. high: beak shorter than the he achene. Leaf-blades without spines on the margins or midribs. Leaf-blades entire or merely toothed. Leaf-blades, pr od id some of them, pinnatifid. Leaves glabro Leaves Bireute, at least their midribs. Lower leaf-blades n Ye beak of achene fully as long as the ae leaf-blades Wueually both entire and pinnatifid : ea . ludoviciana. 3 4. L.sagittifolia. 4. L.sagittifolia. 5 . canadensis. hirsuta. chene much shorter than the body. . graminifolia. aL. Stem hirsute below, 6-20 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblanceolate l. L. to olio, merely s glaucous: inner bracts of the involucre 12-15 mm wly corollas outer 11- is) E id E eue body gradu i ved a the apex. —Fields, and roadsides, various provinces, Ga. E Tenn., Kans., and N. Y. Nat. of Eu. ario pir Stem nearly or quite gla- Noc leaf- blades oblong to in outline, pinnatifid, irs ner Bue of the proc 8-1 o Miss, Mo., and Vt. Nat puis ee DC. Stem 4-15 dm. tall, glabrous: leaves hori- m Ae ades ong, sinuate-lobed or pin nnat tifa: involucres 16-20 mm. e inner us e lanceolate: ligules yellow: achene-body 4—4.5 mm. long. dee soil, ghee on wooded banks, various provinces, Tenn. to Tex., N. Dak., Minn., and A L. A eie Ell. Stem 9-30 dm. tall, glabrous: o m ps stem- leaves 8-30 c i A ct dentate: involuere s 10-20 m ong, the inner bracts narrowly lin rly so: ligules hee or EE achene-body 5-3 mm. long, lo onger ia the be ee soil, ee woods, and shaded banks, various provinces, Ga. to Nebr., and L. canadensis L. Stem 9-30 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of ae i eet 10-30 em. long, sinuate- -pinnatifid: involueres 10—12 mm. long, 1498 CICHORIACEAE inner ones gera oris Er md Bo een -body 3—4 mm. long, ae t as long as the beak.— (WILD Hor EED.) —Rich soil, fence- nn thickets, and his Woods, various pores Ga. to La., Colo, B. C., Ont., and N. S.—(W. I.) 6. L. hirsuta per Stem 6-12 dm. tall, ee hirsute: blades of the stem-leaves 9-20 cm. long, sinuate- -pinnatifid, not elongate: involucres 12-15 mm. long, the nos braets linear: ligules purplish a to white: achene- body about 4 mm. long, much shorter than the beak.—Dry soil, various prov- inces, Ala. to Tex., Ont., and Que 7. L. graminifolia Michx. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the s c. m 40 em. long, eae or with = Gavi s or deflexed lobes, i ongate: involueres 12-15 mm. long, t er ones linear-anceolate: dnd. e -blue, or n white or bee tiene -body 4—4.5 . long. —Fields and woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. por S. C. 15. MULGEDIUM Cass. Herbs resembling Lactuca in habit. Achene thick, beakless. About 25 species, Eurasian and North American.—Sum.-fall. —LETTUCES. BLUE-LETTUCES. Pappus bright-white: blades of the stem-leaves neither auriculate nor clasping. Leaf-blades toothed: pees ey not narrowed into a neck. 1. M. villosum. Leaf-blades pinnatifid : ac e-body narrowed into a slender 2. M. floridanum. Pappus Brown : blades of the stem-leaves auriculate and clasp- ing. - 3. M. spicatum. 1. M. villosum (J acq.) Small. Stem 9-20 dm. tall: blades of the stem- elis irregularly dentate, 8-20 cm. long: inner bracts of the involucre linear- lanceolate: ligules blue: eee e 4.5-5.5 mm. Dus .— Borders of woods, open woods, and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to La., Nebr., and N. Y. oridanum (L.) DC. Stem 10-30 pinnatifid, 2-45 cm. long: inner bracts o the involucre linear: ligules blue: achene 6—7 mm. long.—Rich s thiekets, and banks, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr. and N. Y.—(W. 1j 3. M. n icatum (Lam.) Small. Stem 9-35 dm. tall: blades of the ups pes Or 2:0) (merely denticulate in M. spica tum integrifolium): ligules E yellowish or bluish: achene 4—5 mm. long. —Low grounds, thickets, and open woods, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C. to Colo., Man., “and New 16. SONCHUS [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial, tall caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades iple toothed, or pinnatifid, sometimes spiny margined. l sub Heads erect. Involucres ovoid or globose pon flattened. Pappus deciduous. —AÀbout 45 species, natives of the Old World.—Spr.-fall.—SOw-THISTLES. Leaf-auricles rounded: achenes smooth and 3-ribbed. 1. S. asper. Leaf-auricles acute: achenes transverse-wrinkled and striate. 2. S. oleraceus. n —— —— a a a aaa o a mM CC ^-DOO?OAR—————À— —ÓÀ—ÓÁ————————— À——Àá CICHORIACEAE 1499 . S.asper (L.) All. Stem 2-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades with rigid-tipped teeth: achene 2-2.5 mm. long, margined, ribbed and smooth.—Waste-places, fields, and roadsides, vr ge U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.—(WW. I y: C5 uds dS. 4:) S. oleraceus L. Stem 1-18 dm. tall: le af-blades more divided than in S. iid with soft-tipped teeth: achene 2.5-3 O se d pu NS. d waste-places, and fields, various provinces, U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.—(W. 1. Mez., C. A., S. A.) Scolymus maculatus L., an annual, spin armed herb, with pinnately lobed eae each lobe term inating in a long spine, the stem with pi oad spine- nem wings, the involuere not spiny, bracts thin, herbaceous, flowers yellow; ius inclosed | by the chaff, has been found on ballast on the seacoast of N. C. Nat. of E APPENDIX This appendix contains E of additional plants found within the region covered by this work during the several years the book has been in press, and Mm ons. Page 300, after O. puberula, insert: ns thinnish, green and Bin ing on both sides; AA and ee 1.5-2 em ie eapsule oval- .eliptie to oval- DES 1.5-1.8 m c medi pinelands, Coastal Plain, N. m to N. J.—Differ 1 m 0. puberula in the smooth or nearly smooth stem- -angle the uniformly gre ee Br leaf- blades, "the ‘smaller flowers and the dum and relatively a capsules Page 375, at bottom of page add: Petals very much shorter than the sepals: sepals with elongate involute tips : ie wer (and eapsule) long- stalked : lip over twice as long as wi 1. J. verticillata Petals as long d the sepals or slightly shorter: sepals without involute tips: e oe capsule) short-stalked: lip less than twice as long as wi 2. I. affinis Page 376, after Isotria verticillata add: 2. I. affinis (Austin) Rydb. Plant similar to I. verticillata in habi seapes 1-2.5 dm. tall: blades of the whorled braets es to elliptic n a em. un flowers d su. lateral sepals greenish-yellow, narrowly spat late, 1-2 em. long, without long tips: petals broadly spatu ulate or ober i: ng as the ee. or somewhat shorter: lip white with green crest, obovate- A 11-13 ong, less than twice as long as wide when spread out, with scattered desk "m end of the ien Lr ii c De fabellate ; capsu ule 2-3 em. long, stont ‘stalked. [Pogo affinis Aust.|—-Woods, various provinces, N. C. 6 Pa., , and Me.—Spr Spend in iN. C. in B summer of 1933. Page 389, after Pleurothallis gelida, insert: 36a. LEPANTHES Sw. Epiphytie dwarf caulescent herbs. Stems clustered, 3 bears a leaf-blade. Leaves solitary on a stem: blade broad, margined, coriaceous, sessile, minutely 3-toothed at the apex. Racemes axillary, solitary or sometimes clustered, slender-peduncled. Flowers few or several, minute, usually approximate, 2-ranked. epals spreading or erect, broad, nearly equal, the lateral more or jon united. Petals minute, with the short claw adnate to the base of the column, the limb rend wider than long. Lip often slightly RE than the petals, adnate at the base or above the base to the column, en lobed, with the two lobes erect, ud el to s column, with the edges Pre and embracing the column. Column short. ncn terminal. Pollinia pyriform Capsule, oval, ovoid, Mus or obovoid.—About 50 species, in continental ane insular tropical America.—Differs from Sdn in having the claws of the petals and De lip ue to a column.—The description and drawing made partly from Jamaican specimen APPENDIX 1501 l. L. Harrisii Fawcett and Rendle. Stems 3-4.5 em. tall, simple, several usually together. Leaf- os E iguous, funnelform, oblique, brown-hirtellous on the ridges and on the mouth: leaf-bla de elli iptic ov ark erimson-purple: sepals about ? mm. long, the median one narrowly oval, 2 lateral 15 united, Med E l-veined: ds elliptie, 0.5-0.7 long, rounded at the apex: lip cos m. is little over 1 mm. long, 3-veined: column about 0.5 mm aes long: eapsule ellipsoid or aa 3-4 mm. long, 6-ribbed.—On pos Big iia Swamp, Fla.—( W. I.)—Win Page 396, after Macradenia lutescens, insert: 49a. MAXILLARIA R. & P. Epiphytic herbs with more or less clustered e branches, the pseudobulbs sometimes poorly developed, each bearing ne leaf eaves coriaceous, 2-ranked, erect. Scapes (peduncles) arising at the bc of the de d or in the axils of the leaves, solitary, with sheathing bracts, 1-flowered. Flowers large or medium. Sepals narrow, nearly equal, dis- mo Lip concave, erect at the apex of the column-foot, the claw very short, or want- ing, the lateral lobes shallow, erect, the terminal lobe ovate or elliptic-ovate, spreading. Column with a short foot, often slightly incurved, semiterete, no winged. Anther terminal. Pollinia 4, unappendaged. sule ovoid, ellipsoid, or obovoid, erect, ean — .—About 240 species, in cus ntal and insular tropical America.—Differs from Macradenia in havin pollinia, instead o the solitary nee ee at the base of the plant, and the slightly lobed us 1. M. iei bait 2 hio cett and Rendle. Stem very short, the branches usually clustered o pse iios rs a ae elongate, flattened, each Leaves bas cept the one on the a ex of the psendobulb) d bad d, the outer ones seale-like ner one 1-3 dm. Du with blades cone ale eate a sheating at the thickened base, linear, ree at the apex: flowers few, clustered i in s or three’s, from the axils of each leaf, ne a very short: pedicels about as long as the peduncle, with one sheathing | braet: perianth mainly pale-yellow: Pin coriaceous, ton se NUR em. Els 1-1.5 em. rd with a strong mide acute: o lon ith 6 ribs and dad s.—On mob) "Big Gore Swamp, Fla CES I., Mex., C. A., A.) —Spr.-sum. 1502 APPENDIX Page 430, after Quercus coccinea, insert: 3 Q. Nuttalii E. J. Palmer. Tree becoming 22 m. tall with a narrow pyramidal erown, the bark gray or n eolored and smooth or dark brownish- gray and eu fissured on old trunks: leaf-blades obovate or e uem in out- , 8-16 c ong, gla d except tufted vein-axils beneath, pinnately 5-7- led, b Tes - iur e body or shorter, all bristle- “tipped, f the terminal one a ns i uo or hee short-sta Ike ; cup hem dde above the stout ‘stipe e a E te, 2-2.5 em. wide; nut ovoid or cylindric-ovoid, 20— 28 m s g to i included in the cup —Alluvial eA mostly Coastal Plain, Miss. to E. Tex., to Ark. and Mo. (?) Page 608, after Spiraea alba, insert: 2a. S. prunifolia S. & Z. Shrub, with slender ora ms pus finely ea twigs: leaf- blades elliptie or ae va ak ng to o , 1-2.5 em. long, obtuse or acute, more or less pubescen and s metimes reing s ae very short- -petioled: hypanthium broadly mu oe ss than 1 high: petals white, about 3 mm. long: follicles oblong, 3-3 5m m. long. To aa ae Roadsides and ps abandoned gardens, js Droviness N. C. to Mass. Nat. 5p —Differs from S. alba in the elliptic, oval or ovate leaf-blades, ne orescence which has sessile aoe scattered along the old wood of the dd pers lets. od 608, after uni corymbosa, add: -2 m. tall with finely pubescent twigs: leaf- te: peta rose- Pre. suborbieular, 1.5-2 mm. long, or rarely longer: follieles gan about 3 mm. long, gla abrous Do hillsides, and roadsides, various provin Ga. to Pa., and Con Nat e Asia.—Sum.—Differs from S. corymbosa in the rn leaf- blades and m pink or rose- -colored eA Page 816, in place of the description of Ilex Amelanchier as it now stands, insert: 14. I. Amelanchier M. A. Curtis. Shrub or small tree with more or less persistent pubescent foliage: leaf-blades elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 4-8 uminate, in ic i g, e or short-acu t conspicuously serrate, finely reticulate above, o n beneath, acute or rounded at a broad: eorolla mm. d lobo 1—10 in diameter, red.— Swamps aad ae stream-banks, Coastal Plain, "Ga. and S. C—Spr.—This more complete EE is = ree e that on page 816, where the word petioles is omitted before **6—10 m aes and to give measurements of the flowers which have only iud. been e | Pages.1166 and 1167, under Conradina in place of C. montana Small, read C. verticillata Jennison, in both key and i LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES PUBLISHED IN THIS MANUAL?* Sagittaria ornithorhyncha P e Fayetteville, N. C., Biltmore Herba- rium, No. 5236 D, i in he . Y. B. ose "e ( Planch.) Beall Paa densa Plane ype s Winkeleri Britton & e Ty ype, “Humbug Prairie, Dade Co., Fla., Small & Poem No. is ,in herb. N. Y. B. Cyperus Deeringianns Bri & Small. Type ; Arch — Prairie, Dade Co., Fla., Small, Mosier, a pui No. 6789, in herb. N. Y. B. Cyperus Mul (Chapm.) Small. Cyperus eae multiflorus Chapm, Eleocharis carolina Small. Type, South Carolina, M. A. Curtis, in her So Curtisii Small. Ty ype, Wilmington, N. C., M. A. Curtis, in ee. U. Ry coe ar mene pu Type, ae DeLand and New Smyrna, Fla., N. Y. B. G. app n herb. Rynchospora e (Chapm.) ted Rynchospora glomerata leptocarpa apm. Ry nehospora Harperi Small. Type, 3 m. sw. of Hawkinsville, Ga., Harper, No. n herb. N. Y. B. G. Ry nehospor P es d & Small. Type, w. of Punta Gorda, Fla., Small, No. 10,9 herb. Rynchospora Biisonian Britton. Type Everglades, w. of Miami, Fla., Small, . 8835, in herb. N. Y. E tynehospora saxicola small Type, Little Stone Mountain, Ga., Harper, No. B. G. n her SCR Brittonii Core. Scleria pauciflora glabra Chapm. Carex pu Mackenzie. Type, Morley, Tenn. John Bright, May 18, 19 1 herb. ? Commelina Gigas Small. Type, e. shore of Lake Okeechobee, Fla., Small, No. 8247, in herb. N. ; Tillandsia koed Small. Type, along Manatee River, Fla., Garber, June, U. nh Tillandsia myriopiylia AE Type, s. of Brooksville, Fla., Small & Alexander, May 1: n herb Xeniatrum E Michx. ) ‘Small. Dracaena umbellulatum Michx. To uu s Small (tortus, twisting, and pes, foot, referring to the twisted flower- Tortipe amplexifolius (L.) Small. Uvularia amplexifolia L. Tanne candida (Lindl.) Small. Amaryllis candida Lindl. Hymenoeallis oa Small. Hymenocallis caribaea Chapm., not Hert cue a Small. Type, Mareo Island, Fla., Small, May, 1920, in b. ibm. diis Kimbaliiae Small. Type, Apalachicola, Fla., Kimball, May, 1921, in herb. N. Y. . ITymenoez lis tridentata Small. Type, Vero, Fla., Small, Dec., 1920, in herb. N. B. Hymenocallis bidentata ~ Type, St. Bernard, Ala., Bede Knapke, Oct., 1920, erb. Hymenocallis oaa Small. Type, near Carbur, Fla., Small, May 6, 1925, in herb. N. Y. B. G. his list C. U.- Columbia University and N. Y. B. G.- New York Botanical Garden 1504 LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES Habenella odontopetala (Reichenb. f.) Small Habenaria odontopetala Reichenb. Spathiger stroboliferus (Reichenb. f.) Small. Epidendrum stroboliferum Reichenb, f. S ADS Miss anie (Ait.) Small. Ma d conopseum Mieropiper leptostaehyon (Nutt.) Small. Piper leptostachyon Sum Micropiper hunde ( Vahl) Small. Piperomia dons i. mall. Peperomia, subgenus AUO AE i ha LU Rhynchophorum obtusifolium (L.) Small. Piper obtusifo Kia . Rhynehophorum floridanum Small. Piperomia floridana Sm eee gaa eae a Small. Piperomia a Small. all. Type, Shell- E 5 m. s. of Daytona, Fla., Small, —- ow — a ~ ~ A — [e] > — i= = = mm ~~ > Hieoria austrina "rit > m, & A a eden No. 9191, in herb, N. Y. B. Salix Ch: ona Small. Type, Middle Fla., Chapman, in herb, U. Parietaria nummularia Small. "Type, Sanford, Fla., Rapp, Apr 11, 1929, in herb. N. B. G. A niveum (L.) Small. Urtica nivea L. sella e (L.) Small. Rumer Acetosella L. Delopy ae filiforme Small. Type, near Douglas, Fla., Harper, No. 2010, in herb. . B. Delopyrum pus ulatum (L.) Small. Polygonum articulatu Persicaria mississippiensis (Sanford) Small. Polygonum eU San- 'ord. poen paludicola Small. ir: i rey, "ues eara to Camp Long- , Fla., Small, Carter, and Small, . 3494, in herb. G: nord Small. (Gaster, belly, and an uela: eae te the swollen base of the flower. ) Gastronyehia pun Te on Re Eo iila idi leid ur Odo itonychia inter mg the Suwanee Rive f Old Town, Fla., Small, Small, ay per Re No, n 65, in herb. "Y. co cum Beach, Fla., Small, Small, & DeWinkeler, N. G. T orrubia globosa Small. No ), in herb. C MUR md (DC.) BP p oS virginica media DC. Sabularia uniflora (Walt.) Small. Stellaria m Walt. Sabularia groenl: a (Retz.) Small. Ste i A EA Retz. Sabularia brevifolia (Nutt.) Small. Arenaria brevifolia Nu ibularia glabra (Michx.) Small. Arenaria glabra Michx Sabularia ¢ ede ana (Walt.) Small. Arenaria carolina "Walt. MISES Ww PA Small. Type, Devil's Puneh Bowl, w. of Brooksville, F "la., mall, No. 337; for fr. A hammock, s. of Brooksville, Fla., Small No. ne in herb. N. Y. B. n e pot ‘Harbison. T Garden City, Ala., Biltmore herb., No. 15 1 herb. N. Y. Viorna Tei dim Type, Guahes Mt., Ga., Small, Sept. 1-3, 1894, in herb. N. B. Pityotianms Small, (alts, pine, and Qáuvvz, shrub, referring to the habitat thes Pityothamnas reticulatus (Chapm.) Small. Asimina Nie Chapm. Pityothamnus i us (Bartr.) Small. Anona incana Ba Pityothamnus angustifolius (A. und. Small. Asimina ndo A. Gray. Pitvothamnus T ygma s (Bartr.) Small. Anona pygmaea Bartr. Pityothamnus tramerus Small. Asimina tetramera Small. Pityoth: nnus shat (Willd.) Sm: = os obovata Willd. Neoeleome new, and € oc, e.) Neocleome spinosa (L.) Small. Cleome pic L. Neocleome ener ioe pons Cleome serrata Jacq. SE vigilim ntis Small. ds , Lookout Mountain, near Rising Fawn, Ga., ss, No. 6798, in herb. . Y. B. G. LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES 1505 uud d Meere ci Small. e UE (Pine) Key | Fla., for all E Wilson, No. 1778; fr., Small & € art , No. 2975, in herb. Vachellia. enun Alexander. ype, "e. H Ad. Pei Fourche near Cut-off, aa., for fls., Small & Alex: T Apr. 16 3l; ^ fr., Small, Aug., 1931, both in he rb. in N. Y. Vachellia insularis Small. lone big Pine Key, Fla., for fls., Small & oe No. 6018; for fr., Small, nee & Small, No. 3549, in il rb. N. Y. B. Adipera corymbosa (Lai un.) Small. Cassia corymbosa La Chamaesenna didymobotrya (Forsk. ) Small. Cassia didymovotr ya Forsk. Crotalaria L inaria Small. Type, Big Pine Key, Fla., Small & Mosier, No. 6034, in herb Y. B.G. ae a pros strata _ Type, for fls., Redlands district, Dade Co. 5 Small, No r fr., near a Palm, Dade Co., Fla., Small, a & Small, No. pre in herb. . B. Sty _ calcicola Small. a Rose- Costello hammock, Dade Co., Fla os & Small, No. 6539, in herb. N. Y. B. G. eon Spina ; (Blake) Small. Polygala grandiflora leiodes Blake. (W Mi Asemeia grandiflora alt.) Small. Polygala grandiflora Walt, Asemeia cumulicola Small. Polygala cumulicola Sma Asemeia miamensis Small olygal nensis Small. Polygala aboriginum Small. Type, dunes s. of Coronado, Fla., Small, Mosier, and Matthaus, May 24, 2 in herb x. Y. B. G. Pilostaxis arenicola Small. olygala uo Small. Pilostaxis lutea (L.) Small. ES la lu Pilostaxis Rugelii (Shuttl.) Small. [o p En geli Shuttl. Pilostaxis ramosa PX d Polygala ramos EL Pilostaxis cymosa (Walt.) Sma Polygala um alt. P ue Baldwini (Nutt.) md Polyg s Twin Nutt. "ülostaxis Carteri Small. Polygala Carte ri, C lamaesse cumulieola Small. Type veta bus Tek ind, Fla., Small. No. 10490, 1 herb. N. Y. Chamaesyce Moseri Small. Type, Papa pU hammock, Dade Co., Fla., mall & Mosie , No. 6347, in herb. Y. B. Chamaesyee eee Small. Type, ice em Miami, Fla., Small, No. 56. ETEN floridanus (C hapm. ) Small. Euphorbia floridana C o Galarrhoeus inundatus (Torr.) Small. Eup Pd inundata Tor Galarrhoeus telephio des (Chapm.) Small. Euphorbia tele aie pum Galarrhoeus Darlingtonii (A. Gray) Small. piens Darlingtonii A. Gray. Galarrhoeus austrinus Small. Tithymalus aus dM Small. ee ae trichotomus (H.B.K.) Small. Euphorbia erode H.B.K. o d ies igram (Michx. f.) rer pion nigrum Michx. Argentacer Small. (argentum, silver, and acer, i.e., a med Argen us bodas (L.) Small. y» saccharinu | L. Rite: Small. (rufus, red, and acer, i.e., red- ae) Rufacer ee (L.) Small. Acer rubru is d carolinianum (Walt.) Small. s carolinianum Walt. Cardiospermum keyense Small. Type, Key Largo, Fla., Small, Mosier, & De- keler, No. 10952, in herb. N. Y. B. G. meus Edisonianum. Small. Type, twenty-one m. e. of Arcadia, Fla., Hand, N — o. 118, in herb. Y. B. G. f Lechea prismatica Sa Type, scrub, e. of Sebring, Fla., Small, No. 9787, in . B. G. herb. Lechea exserta Small. c w. of Halendale, Fla., Small, DeWinkeler, & Small, No. 11089, in herb. . B.G. De myriophylla el De d e. of Sebring, Fla., Small & De- inkeler, Dee. 13, 1920, in herb. N. Y. B. G. 95 1506 LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES Viola rugosa Small. Type, Telogia, Fla., Small, Apr., 1927, in herl . Y. B. Opuntia atrocapensis s Small. Type, dunes, Cape Sable (E. ue. EXE No 25, 1916, Yerb. N. PERSE polycarpa $ Small. Type, Caxambas Island, Fla., Small, May 11, 1922, . G. er punt aes Smali. Type, A 5 m. s. of Daytona, Fla., Small, Small, & DeWi X. nkeler, Aug. 23, 192 1 herb. N. i Opuntia Sane d Small. Type, beach, opp. Lemon "oity, Fla., Small, Small, & Carter, No. 970, in herb. N. Y. B. pns tenuiflora Small. Type, Bu V itae Key, Fla. Small, Mar. 30, 1916, 1 herb. . B. G. Opuntia turbinata Small. Type, St. Scorge Island, Fla., Small, Aug. 22, 1922, . B. G. er Opuntia magnifica Small. Ty Pe, s. end of Ee dp Fla., Small, Small, nd DeWinkeler, Aug. 21, 1922, in herb. G. Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis (Willd. ) Small. Lee eee Willd. Eugen nther aall. Type, for fls., near Roseland, Fla., Charles A. Mosier, rer 928; for fr., near Roseland, Fla., Small, Dec. 27, 1927, in herb. N G Mosiera Small. (In honor of Charles A. Mosier.) Mosiera longipes (Be rg) Small. sie fae longipes s Berg. Modes bahamensis api rsk.) Sm Eugenia bahamensis Kiear Isnardia media Sma Alexander, p ype, between Homestead in ‘Gross Key, Fla. Sn all & Carter, No. 2626, in herb. N. Y. x. Ludwigia spathulitolia Small. Type, Everglades, NW. of Perrine, Fla., Small & Carter, No. 2990, in her N.Y. ds neglecta Small, Type, xu Escambia River, near Pensacola, Fla., Small, Aug., 1930, in herb. N. Proserpinaca BB LouR- (Fernald), Small. Proserpinaca palustris amblygona nald. Eryngium i vedere Small. Type, about Lake Nancesowee, Fla., Small & i ,1 in herb. N. Y. B. Sium lord ei Ty pe, Swamps of the Chipola River, Fla., Chapman, in ae ‘latifolia Small. Type, near Bristol, Fla., Curtiss, Aug. 28, in herb. e B. G. cachaea tomentosa pine Gaylussacia tomentosa Small. Derachaena nana (A. Gray) yos Gaylussacia fro irn nana A. Gray. Decachaena baccata (W wi mall. Andromeda baccata Wan De erbe , ursina (M. A. Curtis) Small. Vaccnnum ursinum M. Lasiocoecus Sm all. ese, hairy, and xokkoc, berry, e ea B dhe duy D aa dumosus (Andr.) Small. Vaccinium dumosum Andr. Lasioeoeeus Mosieri Small. eae Mosieri Small. Lasioeoeeus orocola Small. e, near Flat Rock, N. C., Biltmore Herbarium, No. d in herb. N. m [4 a Sm (D iminutive of B xus.) Buxella brat n. ( Miehx.) Small. Vaccinium brachycerum Michx. Polycodium macilentum Small. Type, Vaughns Mill, Ala., Earle, No. 1632, in in herb. N. Cyanoe occ us My eite (Lam. ) Small. Vaccinium Myrsinites Lam. erb. N. Y. Poly sodium lepiosepalum Small. Type, French Camp, Miss., Ida M. Clute, No. . B. G. Cya coccus fuscatus at t.) Small. Vaccinium de ih EN Cy: anocoecus tenellns (ait) Small. Vaccinium M Cyanococcus Elliottii Sree ) eae Vaccin m Elliott Crap. Cy anoeoceus amoenus (Ait.) S Vaccinium amo Cyanoeoccus virgatus (Ait.) Small. Vaccinium alu "ait LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES 1507 Cyanoeoceus atrococcus (A. Gray) Small. Vaccinium corymbosum atrococcum 4 ray. Cyanococeus simulatus Small. Vaccinium simulatum Small. Cy cre Cuthbertii Small. Type, Augusta, Ga., Cuthbert, No. 259, in herb. N. Y. Ge "holophyllus Small. Ty pe, a fls., Sandhills, e. of Sebring, Fla. Small, DeWinkeler, & wd No. ; for fr., Lake Jackson, Fla., Small, Mosier, & DeWinkeler, No. 10861, in he rb. N. Y. B. G. Cyanococcus Margarettae Wer Small. Vaccinium Margarettae Ashe. Cyanocoecus pallidus Cy anocoeeus liparus Small. Type, Bull Pasture Mtn., Va., Ry dber rg, No. 9007 aeons tallapusae Coville. Type, or fls., near Tallapoosa, Ga., Ge eorge E. Murr ill, Nat. He i No. 1,582,192; for fr. one m. east of Tallapoosa, Ga., G. chulze, No. 691. NER S Sibeorðatus Small. Type, Knoxville, Tenn., Ruth, No. 445, in herb. N. Pad ~ A bm = £2 pai + E C 3. R E ~ ~ & ze 3 be Cyanococcus uo (Buckl.) Small. Vaccinium hirsutum Buckl. Herpothamaus MM (‘épxyc, spreads, and 6áuvoc, shrub, referring to the ilin ng st m MM e eras AAT Se ) Small. Vaccinium Leila Andr. Bumelia lacuum Small. i da ma dunes, n. of Kul Fla., Small, & cil Wink No. 9 for Nep tw een, E Park "and ebring, Fla., all, Small and D aa E. N 10666 erb. N. Y. B. Amarolea, Small. (Amarus, bitter, and olea, olive, E to the bitter olive- : it.) Amaroten megacarpa Small. Type, for fis, te fr., near Lake Annie, Fla., & Matthaus, No. 11612, in herb. . B. iu Panties capitata ( Raf.) Small. Pleienta dat af. Acerates deltieola Small. Type New Orleans, La., Ingalls in 1834, in herb. Biventraria Small. (Bis, two, and venter, belly, referring to the inflated hoods 1e flower Binns variegata (L.) Small. Ase yn ae Cu a L. Oxypteryx Curtissii (A. Gray) Small. Ase by ie A. Gray. ; iode all. » a8.) Asclepiodella Feayi (Chapm.) Small. posce A Feayi Chapm 1l a aur (KóxAoc, circle, and ’odovc, tooth, referring to the toothed flower. R o (Vail) Small. Vincetoxicum alabamense Vail. Odea ti a Alexander. (odo, tooth, and ovéóavoz, crown, referring to the thed erown of the flower Odontostephana decipiens Alexander. Vincetoxicum carolinense Authors, not Cynanchum carolinense Jacq. Oden A ana carolinensis (Jaeq.) Alexander. Cynanchum carolinense Jacq. Odontostephana e n Teen der. Cynanchum obliquum Jacq. Mar es Shor Gray) Alexander. Gonolobus obliquus Shortii A. ay. Odontostephana Baldwiniana (Sweet) Alexander. Gonolobus Baldwinianum oden on op Dane flavidula (Chapm. ) nis xander. pA an flavidulus Chapm. Odontostephana floridana (V: nder. cen floridanum Vail. d Small. (In honor of eae Wes Edis Edisonia pubiflora (Deene.) Small. Chthamalia mont Decr dvolvulus maeile ntus Small. Type, Big Pine Key, Ga. Small, No. 3195, in herb. N. Strophocaulos Sal). (otpopń, twist, and xavAóz, stem, referring to the twin- ms. Bip canlo arvensis (L.) Small. Convolvulus arvensis L. 1508 LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES Decemium appendiculatum (Michx.) Small. Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx Sok er perplexum Small. Type, near Thomasville, Ga., Small, May 28—June n herb. C. ee Sm: all. IS many, and zxovz, foot, referring to the many-flow- ered cymes Myriopus volubilus M ) Small. Tournefortia volubilis Myriopus poliochrus (Spreng.) Small. Tournefortia a poliochrus ppm Stvlodon d olinensis (Walt.) A Verbena carolinensis Wal G te maritima Small. Verbena maritima Small indularia Doubt: M Pus ia Verben a Lambertii Sims. n ndn aria canadensis ( ll. Verbena Codd Glandularia Dri moa a ie Verbena Drummondii Lindl. Glandularia tampensis (Nash) Small. erbena tampensis Nash. Glandularia tenuisecta (Briq.) Small. Yee na tenuisecta Briq. Glandularia peruviana (L.) Small. Erinus perwv a tie Ea Alexander. "Type, Augusta, Ga. Cuthbert, May 26, 1900, rb. Y. B. G. Scutellaria al eee Alexander. Type, Attalla, Ala., Eggert, June 30, 1897, B. Dri acoce pha lum. Jeptophyllum Small. Physostegia M dA A E Small. oniciformis Small. Physostegia veroniciformis Small. Koellia panc duo eme Type, Albany, Ga., Small, July 9—12, 1895, in herb. Trai Small & Pennell (Anagr am of Gratiola. Tragiola pilosa (Michx.) Small & Pennell. Grati iola pilosa Micl Tragiola pilosa m (P i W & Pennell. Gratiola pilosa iooi Pennell. Penstemon Brittonorum Peni ype, White Pe Mou Va., Britton, Britton, & Vail, June 22, b in 2 b. N. Y. B. i Penstemon brevisepalus Pennell. Type, Crossv s. Tenn. F. W. Pennell, No. 11311, May 1923, in herb. Acad. Nat. eu Buchnera brevi Pennell cu Hn Isl: ur la., S. M. Tracy, No. 7605, May 22, 1901, in herb. Calpidisea Standley: ae a EU near Ft. Myers, Fla., J. P. Standley, . 406, n herb. N. Y. dd Sinall. ( Rota, wheel, and anthus, flower, referring to the rotate corolla.) mist ADR (S. Wats.) Small. d mu S. Wats. Rotantha Robinsiae Sm Es Campanula Robinsiae Sma I&uhnia Mosier, Small. le pus n “hammock, um Co., Fla., Small, Mos & Small, No d rb. . B. G. Laciniaria a Sho rtii Alexander. Type Duc Short, 1842, in herb. : Laciniaria Traeyi Alexander. Type, Gateswood, Ala., Tracy, No. P8558, in 4, herb. Lacimiaria, Ruthii Alexander. Type, Hiawassee Valley, e. Tenn., Ruth, No. 54, n her Ges subulata Small. Type, between Avon Park and Sebring, Fla., Small, 11495. C Dine arenieola Alexander. Type, Hartsville, S. C., Coker, Oct. 9, 1909, in herb. N. Y. B. c ssepe jlanuginosa Small. Type, Lynn Haven, Fla., A. H. Van Cleve, Dec. n herb. N. x B. G. ( cus horidana Sma Type, an F 1a. Tracy, No. 7344. Pityopsis flex ant Nash) ‘Small. Chr IS opsie fez osa Nash. Pitvopsis Tr MO "Small. Chr La cod Tra Sn nll. Pitvopsis microcephala Small. Chr one microcephala Small. Pityopsis _ Sm - Chrysopsis Ruthii Small. Pityopsis aspera Sm sopsis aspera Small. Pityopsis oligantha (Chapin y Small. Chrysopsis oligantha Chapm. LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES 1509 Solidago Milleriana i dd Solidago pace Authors, not A Solidago ae rperi Mackenzie. x ype, near Grie Cave, Rande ph. Co. Ga., Harper, No. 1778, in pe 3. Solidago SORA Mackenzie. si lidago amplerieaulis T. & G., not Martens. Soli dago i Macker ize. Typ "Winterville, uv, J. H. Miller, Oct. 20, 1926, erb. Y. Solida; es Edisoni: ma S e, Type, hammocks, near Ft. Mead, Fla. Solidago mirabilis Small. Type, Turnbull hammock, near Titusville, F Ll Small. pe dani. Jacksonianum (Kuntze) Small. Solidago corymbosa Ell ster georgianus Alexander. Type, Augusta, Ga., Cuthbert, No. 975, in herb. N. B. G. Y. imd ET. e inder. Type, pr: airie, s. of Deep Lake, Fla., Small & Bus- B. 'ell, De 1925, in herb. N. Y nm» W AT ies xander ster Gases Walter, not All. t Smallii Alexander. Type, n P MEA RE and Salola Mountain, . C., Small & Huger, Octobe n herb. N. Y. B. G. Aster pinifolius E ades Done doc De oe Fla., Small, No. 7958, in herb. N. Y. B. Aster gracilipes ( Sn nd) Alexander. Aster dumosus gracilipes Wiegand. Aster brachypholis Small. Type, Aspalaga Bluff, E: yan Co., Fla., Small, DeWin To vo. 11027, in herb. N. Y. B. Aster pedionomus Alexander. Type, Cheatham Co., Tenn., Eggert, Aug. 19, 1897, in herb. N. Y. B. G neue Gattingeri Alexander. Type, Tullahoma, Tenn., Gattinger, Aug. 19, in . U. m ,hemisplhaerieu: dun Type, Will's Point, Tex., Reverchon, No. B. 4363, erb. Aster Mte Nexander, Type, Ocean Springs, Miss., Earle, Sept. 11, , in herb. N. Y. B. G. 189 Pluchea tenuifolia Small. Type, 5!5 mi Es n. of ene Green on road to Ft. Mead, Fla., Hand, No. 360, in herb. Smallanthus Mackenzie. (In honor of las Kee Small) Type, Polymnia Uvedalia L. Smallanthus Uvedalia (L.) Mackenzie. s Uvredalia L. p lapsuum Small. Type, Augusta, Ga. ecd July 17, 1898, in erb. N. Y. B. G. BUR orae Small. Type, Wilmington, N. C., Curtis, in herb. C, U. Silphium d ir nud ll. Type, Cocoa, Ala., Schuchert, Oct. 13, 1896, in herb. N. B. G. up um ‘Small, Type, pw Neck, Charleston, S. C., Gibbes & 85 ne 55, in herb. N. Chrysogonum austen aa En duin Fla., Harper, May 10, 1925, in herb. N. Y. Echinacea tennesseensis " (Be idle) Small. Brauneria tennesseensis Beadle. Pterophy ki helianthoides (Michx.) Alexander. Ver besina helianthoides Michx. Pea heterophyllum (Chapm.) Alexander. Actinomeris heterophylla Chapm Pterophyton pauciflorum i ) Alexander. ry dde ae Nutt. Pterophyton aristatum (Ell.) Alexancer. Ve ia. aristata Ridan panieulatum (Walt.) Small. nee Taan W alt. TABLES OF CYCADAL l. Ga EA PINALES. Typhaceae, Sparganiaceae, Nats ADALES. . Zannichelliaceae, . Zosterae Cy modoceaceae, A Naiadaceae, ALISMALES. ae. Scheuchzeriaceae, 12. Alismaceae HYDROC ba Ee . Elodeae ydroe o e, E raceae, me CALE 2S 17. Areeae 'eae, ARALES. 18. Araceae, 19. Lemnaceae, XYRIDALES, 20. Mayacaceae, 21. a nina E RD AULALE . Eri mon iceae, bon pee 23. Commelin: aceae, 24. Pontederiaceae, 25. Bromeliaceae, LILIALES. 26. S Me eae, í June 2a 31. Conv allari: iceae, 32. Aloa 33. Dracaena aceae, 34. Tri 40. Haemodorae 'eae, THE Gen. eo ORDERS AND FAMILIES Gen. m bo bo CU r2 M N bo Oo = EE RE er: : Musaceae, 2» Cannaceae, 43. Alpiniaceae, 44. Marantace eae, arcu ALE . Burmanniaceae, 4d. Orchidaceae, PIPERALES. 4T. Le 48. Pi us REIR. 9. Casuarinaceae, JUGLANDALES. 50. Juglandaceae, u rs . Lei Ai ven CALE 52. Mende eae, SALICALES. 53. NAMENS FAGAL Ba “Cor 'ylaceae, . Betulaceae, b E U ric ALE Ur tiene eae, 58. Cannabinag 'eae, 59. Arto E iceae, 60. Ulmaceae POLYGONALES 61. Polygonaceae, aa eal oem 62. Chenopodiaceae, 63. Selerant mde = Basellace . An naranthaceae, 75. Caryophyll: iceae, RANALES. 76. Ceratophyllaceae, 77. d Ud A rd 9. Magnoliaceae, 80. pe oa: 81. Cabombaceae e, bo DO Ol He Re PAPAVERA 86 TABLE OF THE ORDER 82. M ee ea cea 83. Nymphaeaceae 84. pud Miis ae, 85. os ; T" ceae, 87. Fumariaceae, 88. Brassicaceae, za Capparidaceae, Moringaceae, S ALES. 91. I Droseraceae, 92. Dionaeaceae, 93. Sarraceniaceae, ROSALES. 94. S MM iceae, da 99. Hy drangenc eae, 100. Itea 101. hoe eae, 102. ‘ree iceae, 103. ingia 104. Grosularine eae, 105. Platan 106. Ca Diu hated o A ai Cassiaceae, 111. Krameriace ie, 112. ien — yos m Oxalidaceae, 118. 119. Zygo 2! 121. Puce 24. B 125. Meliae: POLYGALALES 126. Folyga alace: te, JSU PHOR BIA 12 Ev i 128. Callitrichac eae, APINDALES ; E rlaceae, bo ee kD TR DO DD OL WO a He DH mH OH WHE EA EO d EO Sp. 1 [=] 4 1 pad pama TOR RR Or OF C5 f bo ^O 00 bo 16 4 S AND FAMILIES 133. Aquifoliaceae, . Celastraceae, 135. Hippoer: tet eae, 136. Dodonae: 40. : apindace: 1e, ns AMN 141. P rangulace ie, 142. Vit MALY ws 143. Tiliaceae o oes aceae, pune eae, Boos 146 E 147. Clusiaceae, 52. Turneraceae, 153. Cistaceae, 54. Violaceae, PASSIFLORALES. 55. Papayaceae 156. T a Ort gon s. Opuntiace ie, Bo ES. 159. Begoniaceae, PROTEALES. 160. Proteaceae, THYMELEALES. 161 . Daphnaceae, 162 pss pend 1e, 163. Laura 164. Dus Clan He. MYRTAL 165. Melastomace: Le, 166. Lythraceae, 167. Punisaceae, 168. Terminaliaceae, 169. My eae, 170. e were, . Epilobiaceae, 172. Gunneraceae, 17 4. bip eae, 175. Ammiaceae, ERIC ALE S 17¢ . Clethrace eae, TL 178. Pyrolaceae, 179. Ericaceae, Gen. m 00r dn He totom =n toe SNe Re 1b E yin Ar meriaceae, s Primulaceae, ea The eophrastacene, 86. ee E nes AL 87. iF e, 190. S gieneere: e ; . Oleace eae, 192. e A 'eae, 196. Force ae, POLEMONIALE S. Im" 7. Dichondraceae, 198. ree ees 208. Phr mace a 210. Rhinanthaceae, 211. Acanthaceae, TABLE OF THE Gen. 1 ORDERS AND FAMILIES Gen Sp. 212, Pinguiculaceae ¢ 2 213. Orobanchae 4 4 214. Bignoniaceae, 6 7 215. Pedaliaceae, 2 2 216. oe 1 ] PLANTAGINALE 217. Plan eae MM ae, 1 9 SANTALALES. 218. Loranthaceae, 1 3 219, Santala 4 4 220. Olacaceae, 2 2 RUBIALES 221. Rubiaceae, 25 70 222. id E 9 35 VALERIANALES 223. Valerianaceae, 2 7 224, Morinaceae 1 1 ARISTOLOCHIALE 225. Asaraceae, 3 17 CAMPANULALES. 226. € rbi ; 11 18 227. Campanulaceae 5 8 228. eliaceae, 1 22 229, Brunoniac 1 1 230. Calyceraceae, 1 1 CARDUAL 231, Ambrosiaceae, 22 239. Carduaceae, 129 698 233. Cichoriaceae, 6 5 Orders 58 Families 233 Genera 1518 Species 5557 INDEX' aron's-beard MA 911 georgi ana, 1219 Aletris, 315, 316 Aaron’ s-rod, 674 Harperi 1218 Alfalfa, 682 Abama, 287 keyensis, 1220 Alfileria, 745 Abelmoschus, 857 laxa, 1219 Alicia, 7: Abies, 3, § linifolia, cor Alisma, 21 Abildgaardia, 155 maritima, ALISMACEAE, 20 Abrus, 7 oligo IU d 1220 VAT Ep 2 Abizzia, 653 dT 1218 ali-grasses, 12 Abutilon, S47 Pluken 1220 Allamanda, 1063, "1004 Acacia, 653, 654 poner, 1219 ink, Acaciella, 654 purpurea, 121 Allegheny- barber rae 785, 786, TST setacea, 1219 Alle ghe eny Mount. spurge, ACANTHACEAE, 1225 stenophylla, 1219 6 Acanthocereus, 914, 915, tenella, 1220 P neas: -vine, 549 9 tenuifolia, 1221 ALLIACEAE, 2 Acanthospermum, 1407, virgata, 1218 a 533 Agastache, 1153 Alligator-bonnet, 543 Acanthoxan thium, 1301 Agati, 703 Alligator-buttons, 540 v auci "s F. AMILY, 1225 Agave, 319, 320 Alligator-lily, 32 4 e. 3, 824, 825 Agdestis, 485 Alligator-pear, 921 renee 823 Ageratum, 1319 Alligator-tree, 601 a. Yous, 1067 Agrimonia, 615 Allionia, 488 Acetosella, 445, 446 Bicknellii, 616 ALLIONIACEAE, 487 Ache Eupatoria, 615, 616 Allium, 288, 289 AAA 1466, 1467 Jupatoria mollis, 616 Almond chroanthes, T gryposepala, 6 Indian, 933 \chyranthes, 475, 476 hirsuta, West Indian, 935 Acicarpha, d: sm incisa, 6 Alnus, 41$, Acmispon microcarpa, 616 ALOACEAE, 30 Acnida, aya. "is mollis, d ALOE F ux, 301 Acoeloraphe, 242 parviflo 615 Aloe, 302, Aconites, 515 DD 616 Alopecurus, Aconitum, 515, 516 pubescens, 616 ALPINIACEAE, 360 Acorus, 244 pumila, 616 Als anan clover, 685 Actaea, 513 rostellata, 616 Alsike-clover, 685 Actinomeris, 1444, 1445 . striata, 615 ALSINACEAE, 496 Actinospermum, 1455 Agrimony, 615 Alsine, 497 Acuan, 655, 656 Agropyron, 136 aquatica, 497 Adam-and-Eve, 385 Agrostemma, 508 jaldwinii, 498 am's- needle, 303 Agrostis, 104 brevifolia, 499 Adam’s-pitcher, 581 alba, 105 fontinalis, 49 Adder's-tongue, 292 altissima, 106 labra, 499 Adelia, 1040, 1041 arachnoides, 106 groenlandica, 499 ( enoropium, 79 borealis, 105 longifoliz 1, | 498 Adenoplea, 1047 canina, 105 media, 4 Adicea, 433 Hlliottiana, 105 Michaurii, 499 Adipera, 66( hiemalis, patula, Adlumia, 549 novae-angliae, 106 pubera 9 Adonis, 523 perennans, 105 squarrosa, 499 Adonis-flower, 52 rubra, 105 tennesseensis, 498 Adopogon, 1489 scabra, 105 Alsinopsis, 498 Adzuk-bean 124 Scribneriana, 106 Alternanthera, 476, 477 Aegopodi ium, 974 vulgaris, 105 ALTINGIACEAE, 601 Aeschynomene, 727, T28, Ague-tree, 923 Alum-roots, 592 Ague-weed, 1052 Alvaradoa, 763, 764 Arsctit LACEAE, 82 Ailanthus, 763 Alysiearpus, 736 P us, on 823 Air-plants, 269, 272 Alyssum, 565 Aethusa, 9 Aira, 107, 108 Amaranth, 473 African ER - hemp, Albizzia, 653 AMARANTHACEAE, 470 — 301 Alchemilla, 614 AMARANTH FAMILY, 470 African- marigold, 1464 Aldenella, 575 Amaranthus, 47 fzelia, 3 Alde 1lbus, 473 Agalinis 1216 Black, 814 blitoides, 47; aphylla, 1220 Green, 419 sate T 478 decemloba, 1220 Hazel, 419 erassipes, divaricata, 1221 Mon a 419 erispus, na erecta, 1220 Red, cruentus, 472 fasciculata, 1219 Dien ^19 deflexus, 47: filicaulis, 1221 Speckled, 419 gracilis, 473 filifolia, 1219 Ta 19 graecizans, 473 G attingeri, 1221 Alders eu hybridus, 473 ! In the eases of genera with less than ten species the latter have not been indexed, 1514 INDEX muricatus, 473 Anamomis, 936 phullon, 2139 polygonoides, 472 Ananas, 272, 213 108, 723 pumilus, 473 Anantherix, 1073 Apium, 976, t 4 re ae 73 Anaphalis, 1402 Apleetrum, spinosus, 473 Andira, 712 APOCYNACEAE, 10 Amarólea: 10 3 Anastrophus, 54 Apocynum, 1061 AMARYLLIDALES, 314 Androcera, 1112 Apples, (633 AMARYLLIS F dal Y, 315 Andromedia, 1005 APPLE {1 652 Amaryllis, 32( Andropogon, 42 Apple-haw, Ambaree, 856 arctatus, 46 Apple-lotus, 54: i mblogyna, 472 argyraeus, 46 Apple-of-Peru, 1106 Ambrina, 466 Bakeri, 46 Apricot-vine, S96 Ambrosia, E 1300 brac hystac hys, 46 Apteria, 363 AMB IACEAE, 1297 Cabanisii, 46 AQUIFOLIACEAE, 5812 4 \melanehier, dat. 637 campyloracheus, 46 i quilegia, 514 4 bell, 202 capillipes, 45 Arabian jessamine, 1044 4 nee ye arborvitae, 9 corymbosus, 45 Arabido »psis 561 , 3 LA E 46 Arabis, 10. d eens 45 Burkii, 572 i florida inus, 46 canadensis, 572 furcatus, 45 dentata, 572 F Jlaucopsis, 45 georgiana, 571 4 glomeratus, 45 hirsuta, 571 n gracilior, 46 laevigata, 572 Americar gracilis, 45 laevigata Burkii, 572 America ralepensis, 47 ludoviciana, 571 America 1248 hirtiflorus, 45 lyrata, 572 \merica 1165 littoralis, 44 vata, 571 nerica > hel lebore, longiberbis, 45 patens, 571 277 macrourus, 45 virginicus, 571 American-wisteria, 699 maritimus, 44 ARACEAE, 234 pena an- wo Ifsbane, 600 missi iensis, 46 Arachis, 728 merimnon, 711 Mohrii, 46 ARALES, 243 donant 278, 27 oligostac chyus, 45 Aralia, 960 Ammannia, 928 perangustatus, 45 Aranella, 1233 Ammi, 977 provincialis, Arborvitaes, 9, 10 AMMIACEAE, 960 scoparius, 44 Arctium, 1480 AMMIALES, 955 Neribnerianus, 46 Ardisia, 1029 immocallis, 1060 semiberbis, 44 ARDISIACEAE, 1025 Ammophila, 106 stok ynifera, 44 ARECACEAE, 236 Ammopursus, 1335 subtenuis, 46 Arenaria, 499, 500 Amoracia, 558 tener, 44 Arethusa, 377 4 rpha, 688 €nness 45 Argemone, 54! Bushii, 690 tenuispatheus, 45 Argentacer, 825 canescens, 6 ternarius, 46 Argyreia, 109 caroliniana, 689 tetrastachys, 45 Arisaema, 246, 247, 24 crenulata, 690 Tracyi, 4 Aristida, 94 ecroceolanata, 691 vaginatus, 45 Chapmaniana, 98 Curtissii, 69¢ ee 5 conas nsata, 97 Paete eg 689 rirginicus, 46 "urtissii, 95 ensiflora, 689 Aneiie it 263 dichotoma, 95 Dewinkeleri, 689 Anemone, 516, 517 gracilis, 95 floridana, 690 nemo 518 ) fruticosa, 691 Anethum, 983 glabra, 68! Angelica, 984, 985 glabra, Angelieas, f erbacea, 690 Angelico, 972, 985 montana, 689 Angelon, 1206 nitens, 689 Angelonia, 1206 Schwerini, 689 Anzle-pods, 1076 tennesseensis, 600 Anise-root, 06 virgata, 690 Anise-trees, 533 H Ampelopsis, 839 a hus, 1240 amos na, 9 Ampelothamnus, 1003 Annona, 532, 533 simpli iciflora. 96 Amphiachyris, 1337 ANN peered 520 spiciformi s, 96 mphianthus, 1193 Annual garden-phlox, 1104 stricta . 96 Amphicarpa, 720 An ennaria, , 1400, 1401 tenuispica. 97 Amphicarpon, 88 nthaenantia. 4f ternipes, 95 Amphiglottis, 390, 391 Anther 1467 iuberedlosa, 95 Amphistelma, 1074 Antho opori m, 1051 virgata, 96 Amsinckia, 112: An esata 93 Aristolochia, 1281, 1282 Amsonia, 1059 An . 276 ARISTOLOCHIALES, 1279 AMYGDALACEAE, 644 An M HT ea T89 Amygdalus, 646 Ant's-wood, 1033 RMERIACEAE, 1020 Amyris, 759 Anychia, 481 Ar rnica, 2 E Anacampseros, 586 Anychiastrum, 480, 481 Aronia, 634, 635 Anacheilium, 392 Aphanes, 614 A rrnenatheruni 111 Anagallis, 1025, 1026 Aphanostephus, 1362 Arrow-arums, 245 Arrow-grass, ARROW- GRASS Arrow-hea Arrowleaf, Arrow- a E 890 Arrow-lotus, xt 20 FAMILY, 20 Arrowroot, 36 oo b UE 361 Arrow-v 58 Arrow eed: 18 Arrow-woods, 1270, 1271 Arsenocoecus, 1005 T1 - ^ + - T= =j — a D — AS sarum, 128 0, 1281 z \SCLEP 'IADACE iy n ar nicola, ince a, TA -urassavica, 1070 Curtissii, 1073 e io) B e Rolfs sii, 1069 b oe 867 semeia, 766, ' 161 P. i 1039 ) Ash- leaved maple, 826 Ashes, 1038 Ashy-hy s angea, 507 AS atic- arborvitae, 10 obovata, 531 INDEX parviflora, 529 pygmaea, 531 reticulata, 530 € ri Da Lu Asparag S205. 296 “ispre ella Aspris, 108 Aster, 136 acuminatus, 1391 adnatus, 1582 agrosti oliu 387 amygdalinus, 1394 SI olius, 1316 1389 ides er pu 8 rena yllus, NU pilosus, 1388 ericoides villosus, 1388 92 den is, 74 macrophyllus, 1312 1515 missouriensis, 1356 73 ene eed 1389 n 1372 ae-angliae, 1383 BOMBE 3s: oblongifolius, 1383 3 paludosus, 1 aniculatus, 1386 patens 2 patens gracilis, 1332 O LAS] atens tenuicaulis, 138 edionomus, 1391 noo 1382 1387 pilosus, initis 1387 plumarius, 1374 plumosus, 138 poaceus, 1375 prenanthoides, 13 Priceae, 1388 Proteus, 1376 ptar micoides, puniceus, 7 purpuratus, 1380 racemosus, 1389 ramosissimus, 1387 EAA 1 13 1390 TS S subulatus, 1393 tenui folius, 10 pies dod jore onmi undulatus trianyularis, urs ae 1380 v er utifolius, o( taniosc 0, 32 sco-lilies, 320 imos [0] LLICA, De hee Ph Bo h \ \ i i Nünaén dà heropogon, 11 tlantie p 7 ar, 905 tragene, 528 triplex, ' 461, 468 ureolaria, 1213 1215 , 1214, 1516 INDEX ME c corkwood-tree, megacarpa, 677 Dee-blossoms, 662 microphylla, 675 Beech, 420 height ae -pine, 402 perfoliata, 675 Red, 420 Autumn-elaeagnus, e 20 erenae, 677 Ridge, 420 Avena, 110, 111 simplicitolia, m White, 420 Avens, 617 tineto oria, O7¢ E drops, 1239 Avicennia, 1145 villosa, 677 chnut-tree, 420 AVICENNIAC EAE, 1144 arbadoes-aloe, 302 eefs ie ik- pl: int, 1180 Avocado, 92 arbados-gooseberry, 898 eet-trees, 48 Axonopus, 53, 54 Barbara’s-buttons, 1455 a 402 Ayenia, 863 arbarea, 561 EEFWOOD i WEE 402 Azalea, 993 arbed-wire cactus, 915 eet, 463 alabamensis, 996 arberry, 545 eetle weed, 1020 atlantiea, 996 ARBERRY E n LY, 545 efaria, 992 arborescens, 996 { ner gras 136 eggar'sbuttons, 1480 austrina, 995 arnaby's- thistle, 1485 eggar's-lice, 1123 ealendulacea, 994 i yard-grass, 83 eggar-ticks, 1450 candida, 995 aren oak, 130 egonia, 917, 918 al Pens, 005 arr strawberries, 616 EGONIACEAE, 017 canescens, 99 rien 21 D EGONTA FAMILY, 017 lu 994 ASELLACE 46 DGONIALES, 917 nudiflora, 995 pe wake robin, 309 egonias, prinophylla, 995 as elameanda prunifolia, 997 na ET 1171 ELL-FLOWER * wn Y, 1288 serrulata, 996 asil-thyme, 1169 ellflowers, 12 speciosa, 99 asil- weed, 1169 ellis, 1361 eyi, 99: asiphyllaea, 393 ell-rue, 52 iscosa, 996 asket-oak, 425 ell-trees, 1036 Azalea, asket-willow, 415 ellworts, 299 Early, 5 asswoods, 842 Piera push, 929 Flame, 994 astard-elm, > Smooth, 996 astard-jute, S56 ENNE F un Y, 1242 Swamp, 996 astard pen oval, 1148 t-grasses, 1( 'ellow, 994 astard t 1240 enzoin, 92: Azaleas, 093 astard white-oak, 426 ERBERIDACEAE, 545 ATIDAC PAE, 486 erberis, 545 Baby-dewflower, 265 atis, 48 erchemia, 831 Baby-pepper, 48 atode er 1010 jergamot-lime, 760 Baccharis, 1397, 1398 atrachium, 519 erlandiera, 1415, 1416 Bachelor’s-button, 477, 733, atschia, 1125, 1126 PER. Er ass, 112 1485 pe ia in som Pa haman wild- coffee, 1261 ayberry, 40 En. 3 jald-eypress, 9 AXBERRT FAMILY, 408 etula, 417, 418, 418 Bald-rush, 175 ay-cedar Ae ETULACEAE, 417 Bald-rushes, 174 ib CEDAR FA 761 icuculla, 549, 550 Balduina, 1455 leaved caper (UNA 511 idens, 1450 Baldwina, 1455 ay. -lobelia, aristosa, 1453 Ball-moss, 269 ays, 535 bipinnata, 1 451 Balloon-vines, 827 ay-star vine, 534 'ernua, 1452 Balm-ot-Gilead, 412 Bazina, 1195 chrus ianthe fanden 1453 B kd ae 865, 1285 each-grass, 70, 106, 128 comosa, 1451 Vild, each-heather, SSO connata, 1452 Euler bell, 206 each-heathers, 880 coronata, 1453 ^alsam-fir, 1 eh-orach, coronata, 1454 Balsam- one ood, 759 each-sap, 575 liscoidea, 1452 BALSAM-TREE FAMILY, 865 each-stars, 187 frondosa, 1452 3ALSAMINACEAE, T£ each-tea, 783 nvolucrata, 1453 amboo, 313 eachwort, 486 laevis, 1453 Bamboo-vine, 314 eadlea, 882 leucantha, 1551 B , 359 eak-rushes, 175 mitis, 1453 BANANA FAMII LY, 359 eaked aa 417 Nashii, 1453 Bandana-daisies, 1461 eaked- violet, 893 pilosa, 145 Bandana-of- the- E verglades, eans, 23 Gd MA d A 1453 360 ene 724 52 Bantam- buttons, 251 ear-berry, 815, 1017 n Da ic chelors button, 114 šaptisia, e ear-foot, 1406 Big-bloom, 536 Iba, 67 ear-grass, 303 Bignonia, 1240, 1249 albescens 671 ear-grasses, 302 SIGNONTACEAE, 1239 australis, 678 ear-gum, 95 Big shag bark, 406 bracteata, 677 ear- huekieberrs, 1008 Big shell-bark, 406 calycosa, 676 ear-oak, Bilderdykia, 455, 459 calycosa villosa, 676 ni 423, 103, 116 zillion doll: ir grass, 83 elliptica, 676 eard-tongues, 1202 Bilsted, 601 Gibbesii, 676 enuty-berries, 1143 Biltia, 998, 9 99 hirsuta, 676 eaver-tree, 536 pee EA 1091 lanceolata, 676 eaver-wood, 442 Biota, Le Contei, 676 edstraws, 1266 BaRa 123 leucantha, 678 ee-balm, 1164, 1166 BIRCH FAMIL Y, 417 Birel 4 Bir pee 649 Bird-knotgrass, 453 Bird-on-the-wing, 767 Bird-pepper, 1117 Bird’s-eye, §23 Bird’s-foot trefoil, 687 Bird’s-foot violet, 886 Birth-roots, 305 BiIRTHWORT FAMILY, 1279 Birthworts, 1281 3iscayne-palm, 241 Bishop’s-eap, 591 Jishop's-w s, O77 Bitter-aloe, 302 Bs P m 113 Dittersweet-orange, el Bitter-waternut, 405 Bitter-weed, -: vu 1460 Bitter -willow, 41 Ditter-woo "i 762. Biventraria, 107 Bi = oto n ood, a ed susat 1427 *k gt rama, 117 n Te MT 06, - LED — e; ES Na Ha — I 406 'k- Hue kleber ry, xl, 83 0 cm: grove, ii 45 ent pd pred pr pn ed fd ped fed Pt pe fp we WY we ww v» v nv vv v9 v9 wv wy vv vv roe Sle ee ee ee B B Black qom n 137 Blaek-mustard, 563 Black-oak, 430 Black oat-grass, 98 Blac i Ee Black-pi Black- raspbe = 620 Black-ro 1: 209, 1400 pe ET 0, 283 Black scrub-oak, 13 Black-sloe, 648 Black-snakeroot, 513 Black-snakeroots, 965 Black-sumac, 8 Black-titi, 81: Black- m ut, 40 Blanc pes 41: Bladder-campion, 507 X, INDEX Bladder-ketmia, 858 Bladdernut, 821 BLADDERNUT FAMILY, Bladder-pod, 703 Bladder-pods, 555 821 LADDERWORT FAMILY, 1251 1235 1461 B Bladderworts, Blanket-flowers I Blephilia, Blessed- thistle, 1486 Bletia, 394 B lind- eye headache-poppy 548 B slister- cresses 562 B ionda: lilian, 292 b lood- red princes’-feather, T3 Blood-root, 546 Bloodwort, OODWORT FAMILY, 358 4$ m = 2 mos D eu tA ' ^ (or) oe -bells, nt- grass, 10 ue- deat sundrops, $50 ue mar à ue palmetto, 24: epea, ie phlox, TN ue-sailors, 149 ue- oa St. rpm s wort, ue st irs , 1059 Blue wild. indigo, 618 Boat-lily, 2 Boebera, (405 Boehmeria, 435, 486 Boerhaavia, 488 Boc- ay ag te FAMI EAN FAMILY, 1056 og-buttons, 256 og-cresses, 567 Bog-hemp, 435 Bog-mat, 249 Ee og: morn 250 s, 251 Row myrtle. 409 ^og-rush, 28 3o g-stars, 590 Bog-torches, 245, 373 Bog w nitey iolet, 891 zil , 414 B n AG 1 o i; dz FEN = Si ., BOY, , 806 ox- “huck pines 1010 118 . 53 rachychaeta, 1201 ive lytrum, 9 rachygyne, rachyrh: oa radburya, 721 'adleic 9: ~ 1496 epi 1 1959 114 rauneria, 142 razilian bl: idy- -grass, 3 ian morning-: E. n Breiweria, 1080, 1081 sreynia, T79 M M istly-g ristly- sarsaparilla, 960 257 1209 moo 2, 02 , 84 1518 Brittle willow, 415 rizd, 128 Broad-dock, 448 Broad leaf pios 1105 Brome-gras 134 B ROS i ORO. 268 Dromus, 134 ciliaty us 13 ciliatus laci Piatumis, 135 A EA it us 13 erect ac 13 O8 us commutatus, secalinus. 'torum unioloides, ronze willow- herb, 'rook-feather, 5 rooklime, 313. rook-parnassin, 5$ eo rook-saxifrage, 5! AN, 046 69 roussonetia, 8 Brown-hickory, 407 rown-beth, 307 uc aneor. pal 238 uchnera, 1225, 1% ucida, 933 uckberries, Buckberry, BUCKEYE Paw Y, BUCKTHORN FAMILY, n poc norna, D 103: Buckwheat Br 813 uckwheat- vine, 460 Buddleia, 1057 JUETTNERIACEAE, 861 Buffalo-bur, 1112 Buffalo-clover, 685 juffalo-nu 250 Buffalo-ryes, 137 Bugbane, 513 Bugle-weeds, 1175 Bugloss, 27 Bullace grape, 838 jull-bay, 535 IND Bullbrier, 513 — — S — _~ ae e a Bull- th Se: E thistles, st ushes Pace BUNC H- FLC Ar ge 3 owers, ur- marigolds, ur-seed, urweed, 8 ur- 2 UR) NIA F urmannia, 36 U A 2 -E- ur-Oak ush-pea, 67 1, ipd: iori, oxa Button- hazels Buttonwood, Whi JUX My jx y ^vrsonima, 756 Cabbage-palm, : cabbage palm ee e-tree, abbage-tree CABOMBACEAE Cacalia, 1475, sh- Koner, SRA re utter and- eggs, utterbough, &: 20 lis, 519 EX FC 1450 an Y, pu 146 ' 604, 93: 240 etto, 240 , 538 1476, WER FAMILY, 362 14 3 240 1 1276 1 3 873 77 AMILY, SOT “AC F: Caesalpinia, 667 Caille 655 Caj: i, is Catopsis, 27: Cath: iranthus, Caulophy ‘lu ‘akile, 574 "al: ibas sh, 1286 a ibd ish- tree, 2 1060 045 ee ee eee ee M I--] 'amassia, 292 Camelina, 556 AS MELLIA FAMILY, 815 AMPANULACEAE, 1288 Camp pecan a 289, 1290 C ANULA 1: 282 Campannlastrum, 1290 Campe, 561 'amphora, 1 92 )»hor-plant, )hor-tree, t i x a 508 julost us IE um, 1342 21 398 da A ane Er Fooi, ndleberry, E n dock 2 Candyw Candy wW eeds, la 166, 168 1200 1021 A? FAMILY, 350 CANSARIN ACEAR, 436 36 Cape ronia, E apeweed, 1140 Capnoides, 550, 551 Clematitis, 568 eurvisiliqua, 568 debilis, 569 flagellifera, 569 hirsuta, 569 Hugeri, 569 parviflora, 56¢ pennsylvanica, 569 rhomboidea, 568 e j E 25 RA Iaa ren oO 1 © O° Ress B me ho © 1 91 ondita, 216 aestivalis, 221 alata, albolutescens, 209 Albursina, 2 allegheniensis, 22 pepo A 220 215 216 digitalis glauca, 216 eburnea, 214 INDEX Ell iottii, 232 follicul ata, 232 folliculata australis, 4 233 230 — interior, laevi-vaginata, 205 anuginosa, S axieulmis, 2 lax riculmis- foritana, axiflora, 21 aciflora, oa venworihii 203 talea, 210 y 211 lup ulina, ,239 ida, IT. 227 magnifolia, 216 Meadii, 214 mesochorea, 204 m ricrodonta, 219 misera, Rie 229 Mohrii, 207 209 Muhlenbergii, 203 Mi ihlenbergii enervis, nigro- marginata, 212 normalis, 209 pennsylvanica hy mea neha, 12 victa, 213 plana, 20: )Jlantagi 21 LOL e 2 polymorph polytrichoides, ET rasina, 221 ptychocarpa, 216 d inm a. 20 216 9 renifor) mis, 209 232 216 203 Eur seopar ia, 208 — seorsa, 207 setacea-ambigua, 204 aminea, s ta, 0 striatula, 217 298 typh 23 typhinoides, 234 uberior, 205 ralidior, 212 varia, varia ! australis, 212 zi resc WwW Bn. " 330 POPE P dd nd d. 9 "$n 5 “65 co e ) 04 "arolina- ie 631 Jarolina beech-drops, 2 EE T 986 H 39 T. na-rose, MILY, 490 ( arphephorus, #1309. 1330 , 41 assada, 1 003 assie, ASSYTHACE astalia, 542, 543 d H 46202 E 1520 Castanea alnifolia floridana, ar kansana Miri. re 21 nana ozarkensis, 421 79 2 c ; NAINACE ve. 402 > 'ARINALES, 402 'alonia: “jess imine, 124 4,4 i cts I] Pay} Qaacaa M LIII 332 p> 2 e AS ae = - t 2 > mm mmm m Mm m M Mm ee m prerneen zut, 6 'Hartolin num NEA UM Carteri, Curtissii, floridanu: m, Harperi, intereursum, x ate medium, 7 virginianum, n Cat- mint, 1154 [4 c e An eaved ar vu u Celes stiz al-l S, 326 C entaurea, 148 y) Castor. oil plant, 192 -TAIL FAMILY, 13 TO 421 1044 p. 521 INDEN C se ntunculus, 1026 S, "500 ) Ceratoschoenu 178 Ceratotheea, 1243 CM 1058 Ce d vere foliu 968 OTRAIS, 409 e a dere m, 1118 Chaerophy Hum, Chaetochloa, 84 gı x: - = -+ a= un ^ > E mac rospe rma, 85 magna occide bs 8 Tracyi 917 902 509 pilulifera, 797 pilulifera proc umbens, 797 pinetorur 196 polszonitolia, T94 Porteriana, - 3 ao 7 = 2-1 T96 Ch: morula, 1468 Chapmannia, 730 Chapman’s-oak, 4 ‘haparral-shrubs, 443 Chaptalia, 1486 Charlock, 563 Charlocks, 564 Chaste-tree, 1144 E bed us Ch 34 € ieckerberry, 1006 Cheeses, 851 C ieirinia, 562 Chelidonium, 54; Chelone, 1199, 1200, 12017 CHENOPODIACEAE, 462 E ) CHENOPOD ( esta, 166 Cherokee-beans, 716 € phi alee rose, 628 Cherries, 647 Che y 1029 Cherry n zh, 418 Cherry-laurels, 651 Cherry tomato, 1116 Chervil, 96$ Chervils, 069 Chess, 135 Chesses, 13 Chestnut uk: 426 Chew-stick, 835 Chickas saw- m 640 Chicken-co 41 Chicken PE 83 CHICKWEED F IUE 496 Chickweeds, 497 Chimaphila, 990 (hina-be 726 China-be : Qn Chinabrier, 3 China parasol tree, 864 China tree Chinese Ko | 10 Chinese-rose, 857 Chinese tallow-tree, 780 Chinese-wisteria, 699 Chinquapin, 4 Chinquapin-oak, 425 Chinquapins, 420 Chiocoeca, 1259, 1260 Chiogenes, 1 Chionanthus, 1041, 1042 Chlaenobolus, 1400 Chloris, 114 5 CHOCOLATE FAMILY, 861 Chokeberries, 634 Choke-cherries, 650 Choke-cherry, 650 C hondrophor a, 1342 344 aspera, Nuttallii, 4 trichophylla, 1338 Chrys sosplenium, 591 "hthamalia, 1078 iufa, 149 iurl-hemp, 433 iurl's-eresses, 554 hytraculia, 937 ‘icea, 77s ICHORIACEAE, 1486 P b Ur 1490 Cic a, 975 ( RAM Cigar-trees, Cime E Cinn 1¢ )4 Ci HAAN. bark, 865 C "inn: imon- oak, 428 0 860 1241 513 Ci (aea, 95 Cirsium, 14 altissimum. m su arvense, discolor id flaccidum, 1482 horridulum, 1483 lanceolatum, 1483 Le-Contei, 1482 mutieum, 1481 Nuttallii, 1483 1482 revolutum, 1 Smallii, 148: virginianum. 1482 1483 CIs STAC EAE, 87 Citharexylum, 96 1142 1118 Citron, ( ‘itrullus, astis, 673 Clambering- monkshood, 515 IN 161 DEX Clammy-locust, 7 Clammy-weed, C ae orchid, “392 63 Clary Cliff-green, 516. Cliff-harlequin, 549 Cliff-orpine, 586 Cliff-stoneerop, 98T Cliftonia, 8 12 g-bitter , 818 bu wheat, 459 fumitory, 549 hempvin 328 hem nw ee 32 hempweeds, hydrangea, 599 WES 168, 1169 296 E 722 Clotbur, 1480 € 's, 1302 Clovers, 684 Coelogiossum, Co Co [Bi 0 i ~ 202020 20202020202 ~ eS cce 2 2 oo2zc P © 485 elostylis, x Aene eus, 11 ic- -roots linsia, 1 linsonia, umbines, ^ nidos olus, 790 al water-eress, , 1287 18, 1828 8215 207 1179 248 568 Comandra, 1249 Comfortroots,_ 1 hamipita 265 hi 265 ’ 2 nudiflora, 265 saricola, 265 Swingleana, 265 virginica, 265 virginica, 265 COMMELINACEAE, 258 COMMELINALES, 258 Common-alumroot, 593 c p 359 on- UEM 11 Comm x dal rt 1114 Ommon. me ich, Common-ree "'ommon- smarty eed, e "'ompti comptonia, owers ; “one plant 1 ( ‘onfederate- violet, ‘ongo- 715 410 1421 SSS 4 -onoc Nn "933 n ( ve 3 105 £ ( 'onvolvi ulus. 1089, an Coonties, 1 Cooper's-reeds, 3 o 763 Coppery St. John's-wort, T0 Coptis, 512 Coral- beads, 5031 1522 Coral-beans, 716 ‘osmos, 1454 cordata, 644 Coralberry, 513, 1275 "otinus SOS Crus -galli, 640 Coral-greenbrier, 313 'otoneaster, 644 cuneiformis, 641 Coral-honeysuckle, 1274 Cottongrasses, 167 flava, 642 Corallorrhiza, 388, 389 otton-gum, 957 floridana, 645 Coral-orchids, : otton-rose, 857, 1404 Harbisonii, 642 Coral-plant, 1206 ottonrushes, 1 intricata, 642 Coral-roots, 388 ottons, 861 lacrimata, 644 Coral-sumac, 808 otton- thistle, 1484 luculenta, 641 Coral-vine, 460 ottonweed, 479 macrosperma, 643 Sorehorus, 84 Cotton-weeds, 946 maloides, 641 Corculum, 460 Cottonwood, 2 Margaretta, ¢ Cord-grasses, 115 Cottonwoods, 410 Marshallii, 644 Cordia, 1128, 1129 Couple-caps, 785 mendosa, 642 Cordyline, 30 Cow-bane, 986 Michauxii, 645 Coreopsis, 144 Cow-bells, 299, 501 Mohrii, 6 angustifolia, 1449 'ow-eress, 55- mollis, 642 auriculata, 1448 Cow-herb, 505 monogyna, 643 cardaminefolia, 144$ Cowhorn-orchids, 394 pausiaca, 641 crassifolia, 1447 Cow-itch, 1241 phaenopyrum, 644 delphinifolia, 1448 ‘ow licks, 1036 populifolia, 64 Drummondii, 1449 ‘ow-lilies, 540 pruinosa, 643 falcata, 1450 'ow-oak, 425 punctata, 640 gladiata, 1450 * Cow-pars i 085 rotundifolia, 642 grandiflora, 1448 'ow-pea, rufula, 641 helianthoides, 1450 Cow wheat. 1225 signata, 64¢ integrifolia, 145 owiteh-vine, 599, 717 spathulata, 643 lanceolata 7 owslip, 5 succulenta, 641 latifolia, 1 ow-sorrel, 446 tomentosa, 64 Leavenworthii, 1449 ow-vetch, 740 triflora, 642 ewtonii, 144t rab-apples, 633 uniflora, 644 longifolia, 1450 Crab-grass, 51, T viridis, 642 major, rab-grasses, 50 yadkinensis, 644 nudata, rab's-eye, 74 Cream-violet, 893 nuecensis, 1448 rabwood, 790 Cream wild- indigo » 611 racca, T( Creeping-blueberry, 1017 pulchra, 1448 ambigua, 7 rosea, 1 angustifolia, 701 obe d du eae 1284 saxicola, 144! angustissima, 108 Creeping- oxalis, senifolia, 1448 -arpenteri, 706 Creeping- phlox, 1104 Chapmanii, 7 Cree 1x g St. John's wort. 6 chrys D 106 C reeping snowberry, 1015 tripteris, 1448 cinerea, iin fet oF 1448 preven O P o Creeping-thyme, 1171 Coriander, 9 C sid TOT C reeping water-plantains, Coriandrum, 572 flexuosa, TOT Cork-elm, 441 gr acillina. TOT C reeping wintergreen, 1006 Corkwood, 408 hispidula, 707 Crepis, 1494, 1495 CORKWOOD FAMILY, 407 intermedia, 706 Crescentia, 124 1242 Corky- m Duc latidens, 706 Crested dwarf-iris, 531 flower, 89€ Mohrii, 10€ Crested-ettercap, 375 Corn, 3! onobrychoides, 107 Crimson-clover, 685 Corn-campion, 508 purpurea, 708 Crinkle-root, 567 Corn-chry santhemum, 1470 Rugelii, 706 Crinkle-roots, 566 Corn-cockle, 508 oe 706 Crinum, 321 Corn-flower, 48: nica, 105 Crocanthemum, 878 Corn-gromwell, 11: C eis willow, 413 Crookea, 868 Corn-marigold, 1470 "rag-hemlock, 7 Croomia, 309 Corn-mustards, 561 Crag-jangles, 592 Cross-vine, 12 Corn-rose, ranberry, 1 Cross-weed, 563 Corn-salads, 12 Mountain, 1017 Crosswort, 1021 Corn- snakeroot, 964 Cranefly-orchid, 387 Crotalaria, 67! Corn-spurrey, 502 Cranesbills, 744 incana, 680 b ; Cranichis, 37$ inaria, 67 'agoda, 95 Crantzia, 97 maritima, 679 Rough-leaf, 958 ‘rape-m 2 pumila, 68 Silky, 95 Crape-myrtle, 930 Purshii, 679 Umbrella, 958 Crataegus, 637 retusa, 67§ Cornels, 957 aestivalis, 641 Retzii, 67 Cornstalk- pono eed, 1T albicans, 643 rotundifolia, 679 Cornus, 957, pub barn 644 sagittalis, 679 Corpse-plant, 988 arborescens, 642 spectabilis, 679 CORRIGIOLAC EAE, 479 Berberifolle. 640 striata, 68( Corydalis, 55 brachyacantha, 642 Croton, 180 CORYLACEAE, 415 Calpodendron, 641 alabamensis, 781 Corylus, 416, 417 Chapmani, 1 arenicola, 782 Corymbis, 38% chrysocarpa, 642 argyranthemus, 781 Cosmiza, 1232 colina. 641 Berlandieri, 782 capitatus, 783 Elliottii, 783 Engelmanni, Fe onii, m flo Eun us, glandulosus, li T82 Croto onopsi CROW- ERAT F. jM SOT Crowfoot, CROWFOOT FAMILY, 510 Crowfoot-grass, 118 C row foots, 519 Cupania, 829 up- ee 1410 up-s 537 ( DIRE 1406 Curl-flowers, 527 Curled-dock, 447 Curled- mustard, ae urly-clematis, 52 urly- -hair, 303 urly-heads, 528 urrants, 602 ursed-crowfoot, urve-leaf yucca, Sus 92 a a a deci p a pu lcherri ima, 94 inflexa, oötus ijora ONOR 10 par ado. ra, s Cu istard-apples, 529—532 1094 INDEX Cuthbertia, 259 Cyanococcus, 1013 amoenus, 1014 P brunneus, "15: Careyi, 147 cayenne nsis, 152 147 cylindrostachys, 151 Deeringianus, 151 densus, dentatus, 148 dentatus multiradiatus, Pr EER 145 dipsaciformis, 151 dissitiflorus, 15^ i 14 ele 1 alk 154 erythrorhizos, 149 escule Pd 9 ferax, 15 filicinus, 6 filieulmis, 153 flavescens, 145 flavico 146 floridanus, 150 Haspan, 148 hermaphroditus, 15: hystricinus, 15 inflexus, 147 Tria laevigatus, 146 lancastriensis, Co 151 e Con 148 Plan i, 152 Cypripedium, 367, 367 Cypselea, 491 Cyrilla, 811 CYRILLACEA , 812 811 ( "opoahum. 394, 395 681 Cytisus, Daetylis 29 De ich 117, 118 816 Dn Jaisy, 1362 Daisy: fleabane, p 396 DAPHNACEAE, 919 212 Dasy oe TODA D asys tomia, Yr 4, 121 I Jate- palm, 239 Date-plums, ao 30 Datura, Denne. 704 Daucus, 966, 967 Day-flowers, 263 1053, 1524 INDEN Day-jessamine, 1118 Diarina, 126 tomentosus, 714 p lilies, 204 Du. 25 Dolichos, 126 man’s bryonys, 309 Dicentra, Dollar-leat, 73: Dead. nettle, 1158 Dicerandra, 1369, "1470 yollar-weed, 715 Dead-nettles, 1157 Dichondra, 1079 )oll's-daisy, 1363 DE ou Hu 1007, 1008 DICHONDRA FAMILY, 1079 )oll'S8 eyes, 51: ecemiu 096 DICHONDRACEAE, 1079 Jolly Varden, 106 Began holly, 815 Dichromena, 173, 174 yondia, 46 codon, 929 Dichrophyllum, 797 Joorweeds, 452 ecumaria, 599 Dicliptera, 0 )otted-smartweed, 457 Deerberries, 1010 Didiplis, 928 ouble- leaf m 378 Deer-hair, Diervilla, 1276 )ove's foot, Deerhair- bulrush, 169 Digitaria, 50 yownward- n im, 1033 Deeringothamnus, 53 Dildoe, 915 )owny-chinquapin, 421 Deer-pea, 741 Dilepyrum, 99 Jowny-grape, S37 )eer's-tongue, 1336 Dill, 983 »wny-haw, 64: Deer-wood, 41 Dillweed, 983 Jowny-phlox, 1103 Delonix, 66 dilly, 1032 owny-poplar, 412 Delopyrum, 450, 451 Dimorphostachys, 57 Jowny-violet, 892 Delphinum, 514, 515 Dioclea, 7 raba, 565, 566 Delta-palmetto, 240 Diodella, 126 RACAENA( E, 302 Dendrium, 993 Diodia, 1265, 1264 racocephalum, 1156 Dendrophylar, 398 Dionaea, 580 yracopis, 27, 28 Dendropogon, 268 Dioscorea, 324, 325 yragon’s-teeth, 716 Dentaria, » 501 Diospyros, 1030 mrooping-sedge, 22 entoceras, 45 Dipholis, 102: mrooping-willow, 414 Deptford pink, 504 Diplachne, 118, 119 mropseeds, 160( eringa, 969, 970 Diplotaxis, 563 rop ts, 985 Deschampsia, 107, 108 Diphylleia, 544 eea zd Desmanthus, 655 5, 656 Dips: EV 1218 DROSERACEAE, 578 Desmodium, 731 Dirca 19 runs mondo 112 acuminatum, 732 Di sheloth- gourd, 1285 )rymaria, 503 canadense, 735 Disporum, 208 Irymocallis, 613 'anescens, 734 Distichlis, 128 rypetes, 780 cuspidatum, 734 Ditaxis, 7 Juck-acorn, 540 Dillenii, 7 Ditch-crowfoot, 521 )uchesneza, floridanum, 734 Ditch-grass, 15 )uck-oak, 28 glabellum, 733 Ditch-stonecrop, 589 Juck-potato, humifusum, 733 DITCH-STONECROP FAMILY, )UCKWEED F RAN y, 245 incanum, 735 58E yuck-weed, 250, 496 laevigatum, 735 Ditremexa; n 661 )uck-weeds, 249 lineatum, 733 Dittany, 117 yulichium, 141 marylandicum, 735 Jocks, 446 ummy- date, 238 nudiflorum, 734 )oetor-gum, SOS uranta, paniculatum, 134 )ODDER F A y, 1092 urra, 47 paniculatum angusti- yodders, 109 nurasnilla, 911 olium, 734 SE o eon 1026, 102 yusty-clover, T39 panic en t pubens, 734 ^odoneae, 821 nuteh-beech, 411 abi ead DODONAEACEAE, 820 nuteh-elover, 686 rigi )oellingeria, 1394 Jutch-flax, 556 Sie um 733 og-apples, 530 dab hman's-breeches, 549 strictum, 733 DOGBANE F vie Y, 1057 utehman’ SP 2 1282 tenifolium, 733 'ogbanes, 1061 ae f h, 474 ortuosum, 735 ogberry, 604 ^warf-banana, 359 Mind ied 736: )og-brier, 629 warf-barleys, 136 iflorum, 735 )og-daisy, 1 »warf-candleberry, 409 Bec em 1003 og-fennel 323, 1468 "warf-cherry 654 )evil-woods, 1043 og-grass T warf chinqt lapin or ne 426 )evil's-bits, 276 og- hobble, 1001 ywar -dand lelion, 14 Jevil’s-boats, 581 og-mint, 1 ^warf-ginseng, 95 dd Devil's-claws, 489 og-rose, 620 )warf ‘gray- -willow, 415 evil’s darning- needles, 07 og’s-camomile, 1468 Owarf-ht ICE oberen 1005 evil’s-pincushions, 899 og's-mercuries, 7585 ^warf hucklebs TTY, 1009 yevil’s-plague, 967 og-tongue, 445 f-irises, 330 yevil’s-potato, 1063 og-tongues, 26 yevil’s-shoestring, 140 )og-tooth violets, 292 n S nne 1706 JOGWOOD FAMILY, 956 vil's-tongues, 809 ^olicholus, 712 1 evil S-W valkingstic k, 960 reus QU h a ewdrops, 619 ectus, 5 zarf- )ew-flo ca 63 interne I8, 715 wart TE cres 572 )ew-threads, 579 Lewtonii, 714 "war pos s ‘wort, 180 Jiamorpha, 588 Michaurii, 714 ywar ae anthera, 123 minimus, 913 warf-sennas, 6 zu Dianthus, 504 Due 715 ^warf-spirea, 608 Diapedium, 1229, 1230 parvifolius, 713 ywarf-sumac, 810 BUR 1018 simplicifolius, 715 ^warf-sundew, 579 Diaphoranthema, 269 Swartzii, 913 »warf-thorn, INDEX 1525 Dwarf wax-myrtle, 409 microcarpa, 164 Purshii, 126 Dwarf witch-alder, 601 mutata, refracta, 124 Dwarfed- Du sh, 169 nodulosa, 163 secundiflora, 124 Dye-flow 1146 obtusa, 163 simplex, 125 D POE. "35 ochreata, 162 spectabilis "2 24 Dyschoriste, 1227, 1228 olivacea, 162 tephrosanthos, 126 raticola, 162 trichocolea, 12- Eardrop, 460 prolifera, 165 unioloides, 125 Eardrops, 550 quadrangulata, 161 Erechtites, 1477 LEar-leaf, 53 retroflexa, 16 Irianthus, 40, 40, 41 Early-azalea, 905 Robbinsii, 161 ERICACEAE, 99 Early-crowfoot, 522 rostellata, 166 uie. ALES, 986 Zarly meadow-rue, 524 simplex, 164 Erigenia, 973, 974 Early wood- buttercup, 522 tenuis, 166 Erigeron, x Early winter-cress, 56 Torreyana, 164 annuus Early yellow- violet, 892 tortilis, 164 be doses 1356 Earth-almond, 149 tricostata, 165 canadensis, 1397 jarth-smoke, 551 tuberculosa, 164 divaricatus, 1397 Easter-lily, 320, 32 incialis, 163 linifolius, 13: Fatonia, 109, 110 vivipara, 1 nudicaulis, 1936 EBENACEAE, 1030 Zlephant- Thi s, 1316 philadelphicus, 1396 EBENALES, 1030 Elephantopus, 1316, 1317 pulchellus, 1396 EBONY FAMILY, 1030 Elephant's-ears, 918 quercifolius, 1396 Edisonia, 1078 Eleusine, 117, 118 ramosus, i zastophyllum. 110, 711 jlf-feather, 297 strigosus, 96 Echinacea, 1420, 14 51. 1426 Elf-orpines, 588 strigo sus Ber griehit, 1396 zd nochloa, S2. 83 Elfin-spur, 387 9 vinocystis, 128t Elk-wood, 536 cM E ich nodorus, 2 :22 Elk-w , 534 chinospermum Elliottia, 992 i ch S 062, 1062, 1063 Emelista, 660 Echium, 112% Emex, 448, ( Eclipta, 1419 Emilia, 1474, 1475, 1475 Ee “grass, | : JMPETRACEAE, SOT Eel-grasses Enallagma, 1242 EEL-GRASS "Fa AMIL y, 18 pun s-nightshade, or 02, Zgg-fruit, 1032 Erodium, 745, 746 Egg-plant, 1114 ned 91 Eruca, 564, 564 2glantine, 62% Endorima, 1454, 1455 Erysimum, 559 Egyptian-bean, 726 En clish-i ivy, 959 Erysimum, 562 EHRETIACEAE, 1128 English-plantain, 1246 Eryngium, 965 EHRETIA FAMILY, 1128 English rye-grass, 156 aquaticum, 963 EXLAEAGNACEAE, 919 English-violet, 892 aromaticum, 964 Elaeagnus, 919, 920 Enslenia 74 Baldwinii, 964 Elaphrium, 764 Ephiphegus, 1259 cuneifolium, 964 ELATINACEAE, 866 Epibaterium, 537 livaricatum 4 a 866 Epicion, 1075 floridanum, 96 El Epicladium 2 integrifolium, 965 C OO 1270 pe iier EUM 891, 392 Ludovicianum, 965 Gulf, 127 Epigaea, 10( Mettaueri, 965 Red-berried, 1270 EPILOBIAC E 939 praealtum, 964 Southern, 1210 Epilobium, 946 prostratum, 964 Elders, 126 Eragrostis, 1: Ravenelii, 965 E lecampane, 1405 acuta, 124 synchaetum, 964 Eleocharis, 15 amabilis, 125 virgatum, 965 acicular is, 163 bahiensis, 125 . virginianum, 964 aet uminata, 166 soled Ciba is p acta, 124 Eryngos, 963 albida, 165 eapillaris Erythraea, 1048 arenicola, 166 cilianensis, "135 Erythrina, 715 atropurpurea, 162 cilia 125 Erythronium, 292 Baldwinii, 16: Con ferta, 125 Ittercap, 375 bicolor, 163 Elliottii, 12 Eubotrys, 1000, 1001 Brittonii, 164 Eragrostis, 126 Euchlaena, 37 calv: 6: floridana, 124 Eugenia, 035, i937 capillacea, 162 Frankii, 125 _ Eulophus, 975 capitata, 166 lomerata, 125 Euonymus, 817, SIS caribaea, 162 hirsuta, 124 Eupatorium, 1320 arolina, 165 hypnoides, 125 album, 1324 cellulosa, 161 limbata, 126 altissimum, 1325 chaetaria, 164 lugens, 12 anomalum, 1324 LU 165 oa 24 aromaticum, 132 longata, 162 jor, 125 capillifolium, 1323 E ngelmannii, 163 megastach ya, 12 "hapmanii, 1326 | equisetoides, 161 r, coelestinum, 1328 flaccida, 162 enis , 124 compositifolium, 1325 glaucescens, 163 yectinacea, 126 ara macrostachya, 163 pilosa, 125 cuneatum, 1: 26 melanocarpa, 165 plumosa, 12 opr Tei 1325 1526 Eugenei, 1323 Sirve t] 1320 hyssopifolium, 1324 vaefolium, "1320 ce 2" latiden PE AA 24 leptophyllum, 1323 leucolepis, 1324 maculatum, 1327 mikanioides, 1324 Mohri, Sinn 1323 perfoliatum, 1326 roanens is, "132 = seabridum, 774 Euphorbias. T92, ‘800, 802 European-verber 1137 Eustachys, 115, EL Eustoma, 104 Euthamia, 1360 Eucrolus, 473, 47 d iG PRIMROSE FAMILY, ening 201,086) roses, 946 E vening ian flowe er, 1045 Ever zlade cocoa-plum, 645 E vergreen -millet, 47 , S14 E ye- roots, FABACEAE, 669 Facelis, 1403, 1404 g E, 419 E 415 75 Poor 458 Fagus, 419, 420 iry-wand, 216 se Racine drops, 988 ULL 132 9 Pal: se e-bo AW bere 819 Fe vheat, 45 se- mee ae 518 False-dandelions, 1495 se-dogwood, 828 se-dragon heads, se-flaxes, 556 gloves, 1214, 1216 "als se-garlies, 289 se goat’ S- rub 596 361 3 onlda "als Sene S80 Fa E hellebor E 1156 P! ^ ee) N 2 e va se mallow. S, maid Family, T 75 dise-me 3 ct ^ A se Mer itr 2 Ee money wort, 996 se-nettles, 435 se-oats, 109 um s re X Jat, H 1 se-pimnperne:, A pilnpern Is, 1194 se purple- foxzloves. J: 216 als dd ed dD jA N^ ~ Feather- columbine, 525 F eather-fleeces, 27 Da 102 3 ther- ger anium, 466 eather- grasses, 97, 118 k, 278 Feather- trees, 996. Fen- ros octoflora, 133 ovina, 133 parviflora, 133 rubra, 133 sciuréa, 133 P 133 tene 133 F ‘etid- ete key e, 823 Fetter- bus a 1003 POL bushes, 1000, 1001 Fever-bush , S14 "ev erfe ew, 1469 ^c a [t - TL x] D g^: ie T. Pen 1142 Field-larks spur, 515 E “pansy, 893 Field-pennycress, 555 F I cate rel, 446 F ield- thistle, 1483 Fig, 439 Common, 439 Golden, Dp 57 d 4 74 75 Po © = i ^4 P^ ele dem PP o es Bet AE s to eu c "1" $3: 450. 22 as x d oO a > et cr ^ un M A Q nen eeel n N £25 c £ 3 zx [t] i N 316 541 yrs 146: 3, 1463. 46 *lanie-tree Flav T" "n TE. 1749 "lix-w eed, e ^lix-wee« J MR hearts, 1056 F oe rkea ea, 573 Plo arrowro ts, 1 F orida. bean, 717 1464, 1527 NDEX Sas oo 735 Gaillardia, d gs Mu -pink, 50 lorida-elm GALACACEAE Gastronychia, 4 OU OIL EPA 603 Galactia, 118! c ET "1006 Florida-mahogany, 922 brachypoda, 118 Gaura, a Florida-moss, 26 brevipes, 719 Gayoide ag Florida-phlox, 1103 cubensis, 719 G aylussacia, TTL 1008, Florida-privet, Elliottii, 720 , 1010 Florida thatch- -palm, 241 erecta, 718 Gay-wi , 161 Florida-trema, fasciculata, 719 Geiger-tree, 1128 Florida-yew, 12 filiformis, 719 Gelsemium, 1045 Flote-grass, 131 floridana, 718 iemmingia, 327 Flower-fence, 666 ylabella, 719 Genipa, 125 "lower-of-an-hour, 858 mollis, 719 GENTIAN PADS 1047 "lowering-ashes, 1041 parvifolia, 719 Gentian, "lowering-dogwood, 958 pilosa, 7 Fringed, 10 "low 1019 pinetorum, 719 Soapwort, 1053 Flowe ering- raspberry, 619 prostrata, 719 Stiff, 1052 Flowering- spurge, 799 egularis, 719 Gentiana, 1051, 1052. 1058, "low sessiliflora, 718 Flowering- wintergreen, TOT piciformis, 719 yee AE, 1047 3 lins, 120 striata, 719 GENTIANALES, 1044 ü | MORE umnon, "oenieulum, 982, 983 Darlingtonii, 801 "og-fruits, 11: floridanus, 01 GERANIALES, 143 "ool's-parsley, 982 Helioscopia, 802 GERANIACE ay "cs "orestiera, 1040, 1041 Lathyrus, 801 “orget-menots, 1124 obtusatus, 802 ;erardia, 1229 "orked-leaf, 0 Peplus, 801 Gerardia, 1216 Forsteronia, 1063 platyphylla, 802 decemloba, 1220 "othergilla, 601 telephioides, 801 divaricata, 1221 "ountuin- plant, 1206 trichotomus, 802 filicaulis, 1221 F"our-o'clock, 87 Galax, 1020 Poou d *OUR-O’CLOCK FAMILY, 487 p 1020 “Ox: grape, 838 WAXY FAMILY, 1019 Batting geri, 1221 oxtail- ier 84, 100 Galenia, 492 Holmiana, 1219 Foxtail- -pin Galeopsis, T linifolia, 1221 Fragaria 612 Galeorchis, 36 maritima, 1219 "ragrant-sumae, 811 Galingales, 142 microphylla, 1220 "RANGULACEAE, 830 Galinsoga, 1457, 1458, 1j parvifolia, 1221 "ranklin-tree, 876 Gallberry, 814 Plukenetii, 1220 "ranklinia, 876 tall-of-the-earth, 1490, 1492 purpurea, 121 "ranseria, 1300 Galium, 1266 tenuifolia, 1221 Frasera, 1054 Aparine, 1267 virginica, 1215 Fraxinus, 1038, 1039, 1040 arkansanum, 1268 Miura ars: 1216 “rench- mulberry, 1143 asprellum, 1268 ierman-knotgrass, 470 Frenchweed, 555 bermudense, 126 iermanders, T Fringe-orchids, 369 circaezans, 1267 eum, 6 Fringe-trees, 1041 Claytonii, 1268 Giant- EC 593 "ringed-bleeding heart, 550 filifolium, 1268 Giant-arrowleaf, 26 Fringed-gentian, 1051 hispidulum, 1268 Giant-cane, 139 Fringed-polygala, 767 anceolatum, 1267 Giant- hyssops, 1153 F "roelichia, 478 latifolium, 1268 Giant-reed, 120 ‘rog-arrow, 37 parisiense, 1267 Gibbesia, 483 "rog-bonnets, 580 losum, 1267 Gifola, 1404 "rog-buttons, 249 tinetorium, 1268 Gilia, 1100, 1160 d AE 1139 triflorum, 1267 Gillenia, 60 og's-bi it, 29 uniflorum, 1268 3ill-over- eru 1154 ROG ’s-BIT FAMILY, 29 virgatum, 1267 GINGER FAMILY, Frog-spear, 373 Galypola, 767, 168 Ginger-lily, 36 "rog-spike, 374 ;ama-grasses, 97 Ginseng, 959 “rogweeds, 519 Gander-grasses, 454 Ginster, 681 “rost-grape, 836, 837 tander-vine, 525 Gipsy-weed, 1211 "rost-weed, 880, 1443 Garberia, 1336 Glabraria, 923 ^uirena, 172, 173, 17: Garden-balsam, 753 Gladiolus, 357 ^umaria, 551 Garden-burnet, 614 Glandularia. d 1139 IACEAE, 549 Garden-phlox, Glassworts 8 Aen 551 Annual, 1104 Glaucous- willow, 414 Fumeweed, 551 Perennial, 1105 Glecoma, 115 manor, oe Garden-poppy, 548 Gleditsia, 65 Garden-rocket, 564 e jbe-amaranth, 477 288 F nace iu 1066 Garlies, 2 Geranium, T45 GERANIUM Pent, 144 lobe-amorette, 296 Glycosmis, 759 Gnaphalium., 1402, 1405 14 Gno mes" gold, 818 be: arg, go S 1488 t’s- ’S DEERE ooo Aa 4 en Saint John’s wort, ud Golde “saxifrage, 591 Golden -seal, Golc EE shower, 660 Golden-slipper, 367 Golden: trumpets, 582 Gol no dan T e 595 Camel 477, Gon oe 1140 mune uu 1076, ie B oober-nut, 729 OODENIA ri 1295 oodyera, 384 ooseberries, 602, 1 Gooseberry-gourd, 1286 ooseberry-tree, 779 oose-grass, 126 Gopher- apples, ( 'opherberr ies, RASS. OF- Gratiola, 1190 NDEX aurea, 1191 brevifolia, 1192 Drummondii, 1192 flo nd a, Ern georgia NUR 21 neglecta, 1191 1 3 repens, ' 118 sphaer: ocarpa, 1191 Dic dd 411 reg b yulr } rea Hirusn, ^ > I Weeg 498 reat Ta phintian, 1476 -laurel, 99 -lobelia, 1 -leaf magnolia, 536 -mullen, 1199 202 ~ -— m ragweed, 1300 reek- valerian, 1100 reen- Mcr M 216 tr alder, 419 n- amaranth, 473 ^enbriers, 31 reen-bulrush, reen-dragon, reen-eyes, 141 reen- fly orchid, 391 dad foxtail, en-fringed orchid, 370 Feen hellebore, 512 reen-milkweeds, 1066 reen rein-orchid, 374 reen-violet, 894 reen-vivian, 545 reville: 15 Sind 133 romwe 112 round-e cherries. 1107 round-i 1154 roundela 1478 roundsel-tree, 1398 rossularia, 602, 603 ROSSULARIACEAE, 602 round- fone ic kle, 687 round-lemon, 544 roundnut, 723, 959 round- oaks, 646 uaiacum, 755 uava, 937 uettarda, 12 EA 1259 fm, Am m Um, € M M M RR = Sumoo, ERN 375 373, 214 Gumnadenia, "374, Gymnadeniopsis, 1 I Gymnanthes, 790 Gymnocladus, '665 Gymnolomia, 14522 tic uu See 115, 116 Gymno 473, 1474 Gynandropsis, 76 rynura, 1475 d yr ostach ys, otheea, 358 ae ee 512 t-g )9, 105 98, 107, r sedge, aa alumr« ^ yt, 5E 3 Ha ry- angelici ' 985 108 -— Pe 1258 ammerwort, 434 ammock- maple, andsome- ck, 'ossum, 1272 Southern-black, 1272 : 979 1495 Hawkweed, A Haws, 637 Hay-bells, 299 Hazel-alder, 419 Iazelnuts, 416 Heal-all, 1206 Healing-herb, 1127 Heals-alls, 1155 Ieart-le: 297 af, Heartieat pondweeds, 17 Heart-leafs, Heu leaved willow, 414 Heart-pea, 827 peut seeds, 827 IEDERACE Hedge Duck heat, "i Hedge-hyssor 9 [ 0 brevifolium, 1461 Curtisii, 1 fimbriatum, 1460 incisum, 1466 latifolium, 1460 nudiflorum, 1460 tenuifolium, vern 1460 angustifolius, 1434 annuus, 1435 argophyllus, 1436 atrorubens, 14 34 1435 debis, 4 1 35. decapetalus, 1439 divaricatus, 1440 doronicoides, 1441 Dowellianus, 1439 Eggertii, stenophy llus, strumosus, 1440 INDEX subrhomboideus, 1434 oe 1437 uberosus, aaae, 1435 validus, oani, 1436 vestitu 435 Heliopsis. "1417. 1418, 18 HELIOTROPE FAMILY, 1130 I Teliotr, opium, 1134 Hellebore, 277 Helleborus, 512 Hellfetter, 312 Helmet- flow ers, Helonias, 276, 2 Hemerocallis i oon 132 "T 1132, 1133, Hemianthus, 1196 IIemicarpha, rd 41 Hemlock- poem 984 Hemlocks 4 35 Hesperis, Heter anthora, | PO A SEN 48, otheca, 134 42 Ieucher fu reell S56 Sabdarifta, "T 48 1, 13 857 266, 226 42, 1529 semilobatus, SOT ^1 $ 58 tubiflorus, 855 Hickories, Hicoria, ES alba Aquatica, 405 austri 406 carolina septentrionalis, Caroi nae- du ionalis australis, cordiformis, laciniosa, 406 aoe _ 406 minim Aone: 405 ovata, 6 pallida, 407 'ecan, 5 texana, 405 Hieracium, 1492, 1495, 1494 Hierochloa, 93 Highbush- Be Tv 622 High-groun« ioe oak, 9 High-mallow, 851 BE oe shrub, 1298 Hin Hippastrum, 321 820, 82 HIppocr: Hippomane, ^90 r, 816 Holy-gras 3 Hooded. ETEN 21x: ooked- butterc cup, 583 - asja: HONEYSU CKLE FAMILY, 1269 Honeysuckles, 1275 1530 INDEX Hop. 436 HYDRANGEACEAE, 596 Hop-clover, 686 Hydrangeas, 597 Hop- hornbeam, 416 Hydrastis, 511 Hop-medic, 382 HYDROCHARITACEAE, 29 Hop-tree, 758 IIYDROCHARITALES, 26 Hordeum, 136, 137 Hydrochloa, 90 Hormidium, 392, 393 Hydrocotyle, 970, 97 Hornbeam, 416, 44 Hydrolea, 1098, us Horned-pondweed, 15 E YDBOLPACEAP, 1 095 $ d e : ] 7 Horned-rush, 178, 179 Hydrophyllum ] Hornweeds, 509 H ydrotrida f HORNWORT FAMILY, 509 fs Ta 57 Hygrophila, 1227 Hornworts, 509 ylocereus, 4 o eala, 1179 9 ! - Hymenocallis, 321 Horse-balms, 1179 bid 323 Horsebean, 727 identata, Horsebrier, 313 caribaea, 322 Horsebriers, 311 Collieri, 322 — Horse-eane, 1300 coronaria, 323 Io hestn ut, 822 crassifolia, 32: H ntian 273 humilis, Horse-gold, Kad z = 2 t c LD e = = E - ~ +d ow — 7 = 7 = T talían- ‘clematis s, 526 Italian- clover, 685 Italian-jessamine, 1044 Italian rye-grass, 136 Itea, 600 Iva, 1297, 1298, 1299 Jack-in-the- pulpit 246 acksonbrier, Jacquemontia, 1089, 1089 Jaequinia, 1028 Jagged-chickw pd 500 Jamaica caper-tree, 577 = >p 9 “hehehehe! SSpes dA 5 erusalem- “artichoke, 1440 Jerusalem-corn, 47 Jer Mrd huckleberry, 10 youd ices bri 466 Jerusalem orn, 666 Spanis sh, 1044 Yellow, 1045 1532 Jew- Rs e o Bi á [e] o c i| > oO z'u m 0 c "i - j=) © D Ca Cd Q Cad Cad Cad Conj Cand Cad Cad © ~ E - Z Saige B » Ie v A © e uminatus, 286 acuminatus debilis, 286 latus, 285 dichotomus, 284 diffusissimus, 286 gymnoc arpus, 283 inter rior, 284 arginatus, 285 me acephalus, 285 polycephalus, 285 s, 284 ifidus, 28 trigonocarpus, 286 vali e J une-bear, . uneberries, E June-grass, r, 10 : U NIPERAC ‘EAE, i e S Jussiaea, 944, 945 A cia, 1231 Jutes, § Poo 588 Kallstroemia, 755 Ralmia, “999, 1000 niella 1000 186 Kentucky eee 130 Kentucky coffee-tree, 665 INDEX 699 + 1 pee : ltuckv-Wwistcrid, N ras Kickxia, ‘i208, 1209 Kidney-bean, 724 Kidney-leaf buttercup, 521 King-cup, 511 949 br evistipata, 949 fr uticosa, 9; è 9: 950 a )08 nuda, 1172 pauciflora, 1174 ipee. 1173 py cnanthemoides, 1174 verticillata, 11 173 virginica, 117 Koniga, 565 Korycarpus, 1 27 Kosteletzkya, 859, 860 = TJ d ys 08 i zB rugs. "holly, ( Kyllinga, 154, 155 Lace-gr: 25 p Ahnar inthe es, 358 See Lac pes aulon, 255, 256, Laci iota: 1331 aspera, 1334 oykinii, 1333 ea rinata, gr ac cilis, 13 graminifolia, 13 Hell 334 laxa. T334 macilenta, 99 mic rocepliala, la: > ash-h« asiac is. 1 ŠI sasiococcus, rel, AU de T UE Y, 999 E els, rel, JAN ay E, mium, 1157 ive 11 58 janceleaf-v iolet, 891 4ancewood, 922 nae 562 uanguas, 360 antana, 1141, 1142 apithea, 1051, 1051 üappule 22, 1125 Jarge-bucekeye, ira uarge-cane, 139 ET S14 4ark-h che k p aarksp sarge- toothed aspen, Q8 ate-blaekberr 32 athyrus, 741, 742 sattice-leaves, 384 un Bae 920 980 41 1008, 1009 ry, 621 De INDEX 1533 Mountain, 999 striata, 737 amoena, 1293 Sheep, 1000 Stuvii, 738 Boykinii, 1295 rild, 1035 texana, 738 bracteata, 1294 saurel-oak, 428 violacea, 738 brevifolia, 1293 uaurel-tree, 922 virginica, 739 Canbyi, 1295 Laurocerasus, 651, 651 Tesquerélia, 555, 556 :'ardinalis, 1292 avauxia, 95 ,eSsser-spearwort, 521 € "liffortiana, 1295, 1295 zead-plants, 688 Lettuce, elongat 293 Lead-tree, 655 Prickly, 1497 Feayana, 1295 4JEADWOR'T Bart. Y, 1020 Wild, 1498 flaccidifolia, 1294 ,eadworts, 10 Lettuces, 1497, 1498 floridana, 1294 n -cups, 1407. Lettuce-saxifrage, 596 Gattingeri, 1294 ,eafless-vanilla, 37 Leucaena, 655 glandulifera, 1293 ,eafv-vanilla, 37 ,eucanthemum, 1469, 1470 glandulosa, 1294 zeatherbark, 919 LEUCOJACEAE, : 5 homophylla, 1295 eather-flowers, 526 rp udin 71 inflata, 1295 ,eather-leaf, 1000 Leucospora, 196. 1197 le eptostachys, 1295 ,eatherwood, 812, 915 ,eucothoe, i001. 1001, 1002 Nuttallii, 1295 veavenworthia, 569, 570, ] ,everwood, 416 paludosa, 1594 576 iatris, 1333 puberula, 12€ Let , 653 jcorice- vine, 745 iphilitiea, 1293 Lechea, 88 Afe-plant, 589 spicata, 12€ cernua, S83 Agnum-vitae, 155 ralapensis, 1295 Deckertii, S84 igusticum, 972 OBELIACEAE, 1291 divaricata, 883 Agustrum, 104: JOBELIA FAMILY, 1291 exserta, 883 lae, 1038 oblolly-bay, S77 Leggettii, 883 Alaeopsis, 972, 973 woblolly- oe ia 935 maritima, 883 ALIACEAE, 290 oblolly-p minor, 882 4ILIALES, 273 socusts, 599" myriophylla, 884 alians, 292 Locust-berry, T56 patula, 882 uilies, 291, 362 L 9i ust-tree, 7 prismatica, S82 Lilium, 290, 291 an F AMILY, 1044 racemulosa, 883 ALY FAMILY, 290 P 35, 136, 136 tenuifolia, SS2 Aly-leaf sedge, 236 pipes -poplar, 41 Torreyii, 88 Lily-of-the-valley, 301 sonicera, 1274, 1275, 1276 villosa 2 JL LY-OF-THE-VALLE ps ahaa pi >, 4 icul: 235 “AMILY, 29 song 268 Leersia, 89, 90, 9 Th 201 one pod Poppy, 548 ,eiphaimos, 1056 lle 292 Long-root, zeiophyllum, 993 Lima- bean, 124 song-spur orchids, 371 eitneria, 407, 408 Lime, ,ong-spurred violet, 893 4EITNERIACEAE, 407 Lime berry, 760 song-straw pine, 4 4EITNERIALES, 407 LIMNANTHACEAE, 753 JOOSESTRIFE FAMILY, 928 emna, 249, 250, 250 ee mum, 14056, 1057 ;oosestrife, pon 248 Amnobium, 29 Whorled, ae emon, 761 simnodea, 104 wW eee M semon. "balm, 1166 Limod orum, 376, 377, 377 Loosestrif 7 30, 1023, ,emon-vine, 89$ monium, 1021, 1021 10 94 ,entil-tare, 740 JINACEAE, T49 Muri 1158 ,eonotis, 115! ainaria, 1207, 1208, 1208 ;ophila, 35 E. 1496, 1496 LINDEN Po 840 LOBO E 22 ,eonurus, 8, 1159 Lindens, 842 ,0pseed, 1145 pag ET ndera, 924 JOPSEED FAMILY, 1145 ,eopard-oak, 42$ Linn, 750 JORANTHACEAE, 1247 cu E 1414 Linum, 750, 752 aost camellia, S7 ena, 797 Lion’s-ears, 1159 otus, 686, 687 p a anthes, 399. 1: 500 Lion's-foot, 1490, 1492 otus, 0 ,epidium, 554, 555 Liparis, 386, 387 LOTUS FAMILY, 539 eptamnium, 123€ Jpocarpl 140 ouseworts, 1224 ,eptandra, i209 Lippia lar iceolata, 11j sovage, 972 ,eptilon, 1396, 1397 4 quidambar. 601 sove-apple, 1116 ,eptocehloa, 118, 119, 719 Liriodendron, 536 OVE-STASSES, 122 ,eptoglottis, 656, 651 Listera, 378 40ve-v rine, 925 ,eptoloma, 52 Lithococca, 1133 ,ove-vines, 1092 Leptorchis, 386 Athophila, 478 LOW- bindweed. 1090 se] b a 591 Lithospermum, 1125, 1126 ,ow hop-clover, 686 Lespedez Atrisa, 13: ,ow-Juneberry, 636 aneustirolla. 739 Attle-blue-stem, 44 ,ow-mallow, S51 bicolor, 739 Attle-shag- bark, 406 ,ow-maple, 825 eapitata, 739 Attle-stagger weed, 550 ow-rose, 630 frutescens, 738 jve-leaf, 585 wow spear-grass, 130 irta, 73! uive-oak, 426, 427 ,ucerne, 382 longifolia, 739 Aver-leaf, 516 auck-bean, 665 neglecta, 739 dM PANES 399 Lucuma, 1032 Nuttalli, 738 Azard's-tail, 400 udwigia, 941 procumbens, 138 JOASACEAE, so H alata, 943 epens, 738 JOASA FAMILY, 897 alternifolia, 942 Sm vata, 738 ,obelia, 1291 capitata, 943 1534 Curtissii, 943 94 Bb AMPIA 943 sphaerocarpa, 943 dui yr 943 2 Ludwigiantha, 941 Luffa, 12 i aA 5 28 [^] SEG PEDE c mn 2 bo zu mn = 3 A uythrum, 930, 931, 931 Macartney-rose, 628 Macbridea, 1155 Maclura, Macradenis. 395 Ma acranthera, 1212 Macuillamia, 1187 MADDER FAMILY, 12 , 1212 A-VIN E FAMILY, MAGNOL IA FAMILY, 533 MAGNOLIACEA E 533 469 M Iaic I-Marian, 925 Maize 38 332 53 Malac 'hodendron, 87 6 Malachra, 852 INDEX Malapoena, 923 Malaxis, 386, 386 Mallotonia, 1130 MALL LOW FAMILY, 846 MALPIG Malus, 633, 63 qi Malva, 851 eine i ha MANATEE-GRASS FAMILY, 18 Manchineel, 79 Mandrake, Manfreda 8 Mangifera, 808 Mango, Mangrove, 93 lack, 1145 Red, ba 934 MANG E a 3 AMILY, 938 un ihot, 1086 nas ^ flow ered ms wort, LE FAMILY, 823 Maples, 82 2 „524, 825 Mappia, Maranta, 36 MA aa. 361 Marbled- alumroot, 593 Mariana Marigolds, 46 Marilaunidium, 1098 Marine- 839 ifolia, 145 anyustijotia na aie, graminifolia, 1456 grandiflor 1457 laciniarioides, 1456 ad 145 obov , 14 one e tenet 1457 ramosa, 1457 trinervia, 1 Williams onii, 1 ) ] '*$, 1021 Marsh nae John’s s-Worts, 875 i 1 ike- ss, 128 TR 722 ia nia, 2 1244 MARTYNIACEAE, 1243 Maruta, 1468 Marv E of- peru, 481 , 1032 Matrimony- vines, 1117 Mat-rush, 170 Maxillaria, 1500 Mayaca, 251 MAYACACEAE, 250 May-apple, 544 MAY-APPLE FAMILY, 543 May-cherries, 635 h May flower, 1005 May- od Pc May- -po M: aytenus, SIS. 819 92 Mead fed -buttereup, 522 Meadow- oe 100 Meadow-gold, 522 Mea dou LASTES, 122, 131 Meac ow-hyacinth, 292 Meadow-leek, 289 Meadow- SUIDA EE 981 Meadow-phlox Meadow- queen, 608" Meadow-rues, Meadow-s spire, "60 8 Meadow- 610 Meadow- Sundrops, 949 Meadow- xad eet, 608 Meadow-sweets, 610 Meac m olet, 889 Mecardonia, TiS 9, 1190 Medeo 30 MOS 1027 MC E 682, 682 eehania, 1154 Meg-man\ feet, 522 Meibomia, 131 cuminat: ae 732 arenie ola ar A ola ’ polymorpha, TERME osa, 734 735 canad DN 735 canesc 733 Capaian, T34 ciliaris, 735 glabella, 73 ra, de pebecled "a, 733 paniculata, T34 culata Chapmanii, pani 21] paue ifi ora, 732 ae 733 puben nuroaes. T 35 rhombifolia, (34 rigida, 735 sessilifolia. 733 stricta, d supina, tenuifolia, 133 1225, 1225 Melanthera, 1419, 1420, 20 MEL E ER 273 Melanthium, 280 | Mus eek oe 925 765 23 Mesade nia, 1475. 1416, 147 383 Mes: adenus, Mesosphaer AT 1 180 Micrampelis, ire 1196 Micranthes, 595, 596 Micromeria, 1168 Micropiper, 400 Micropteryx, 716 Micropyxis, 1026 Microstylis, 386 Midas’-ears, 245 ds 82 Mika 1328 Mild A s -pepper, 457 Milfoils, 1466 - Milk- -peàs, (18 Milk-purslane, 797 Milk- DE “1484 Milk-t rf Milkweed, Ca anion: 1070 'oke, 10 Purple, rin Swamp, 1070 MILKWEED FAMILY, 1064 Milkweeds, 1067 MILK WORT 2:13 165 Miller's-maid, Milo, 41 MIMOSA FAMILY, 652 MIMOSACEAE, 652 Mimosa, 651 Mimulus, 1197, 1198 Mimusops, Er 1035 Minnie-bush, 999 Minnow- fole, 250 Mint, Dog, 1169 INDEX Morse, 1164 Mis d e-ciietus, 913 Mock-or range, 438, 541, 598, 651, 1034 Mock-pennyroyal, 1165 Mock- we Tr 612 Modiola, 848, Moni e 0 Momisia, 443, 443 Momordica 12 84, 1285 Monanthochloe, 119 Monarda, 1163, 1164 Monkey-apples, 865 Monkey-flowers, 1157, 1159 Monkshoods, 515 Monniera, 1187, 1189 MONOTROPACEAE, 987 Monotropa, 988 MORINGACEAE, 8 — M. rning- pea OUT 1084 orning-glory, 1083 MORNING -GLORY FAMILY, 080 Mc did ae) p 052 Moro ur .65 6, Moru Mosquito plant, 1181 Mos s-ph dox, 1102 — Mountain- ash, 622 517 Mountain-ash, 632 Mountain- asphodel, 87 Mountain- bugba 13 Mountain- elis do Mountain-cinquefoil, 613 Mountain-clematis, 52 Mountain-coconut, 1250 Mountain-er ranberry, Mou ntain meadow-rue, 524 Mountain meadow-sweet, untain-min Mo oread. 36 Mountain-phlox, 1104 Mountain-pine, 6 Mountain- -pink, 1102 Mountain-ramp, 285 uud rose, 460 Mountain rose-bay, 998 Mountain St. Jolin's s-wort, ST AM sandwort, 499 Mo untain-saxi re, 596 Mountain-stonecrop, 587 Mountain-stuartis , S16 Moun tain-sumac, = - ~ Moun! ain thimble-weed, 7 Mountain water-cress, 568 Mountain-v vinterberry, 815 Mouse-ear, 501, 1161 Mouse-ear chic kw a 500 Mouse-ear cres 61 Mouse-tail, Mucuna, 717, 11 Mud-babies, 21 Mud-plantains, 266 Muc 1- purs slane, 866 248 Sehr reberi, 99 MA RP a, 98 sylvatica, 99 tendifora, 98 trichopodes, 99 Mulgedium, Mullen, 1498 Woolly, 1199 A ier etat 11 98 Muskmelòn, oF Musk-rose, 62 Moder ‘root, 975 Mustards, 562 MUSTARD FAMILY, 551 , 1124 ,934 Myrtle-of-the-River, 938 d rtles, 1059 My rile Spurge, 801 Nabalus, 1490 albus, 1491 altissimus, 1491 asper, 1492 crepic idineus, RTT 14 NAIAD FAMILY, ^u Narrowleaf- ees 579 NARTHECIACEAE, 287 Nash’s-vi burnum, 1272 Nassau-jessamine, 1044 DIT epeta, 115 4, 115 INDEX ptunia, 657, 658 , 431 Nettle-lea a guosetoot, 464 Nettle-patch, Nettles, 432 Nettle-trees, 442 Neubeckia, 330, 331 Never-wet, Neviusia, 62 i New-Jersey tea, 833 New- Zealand spinach, 493 Nevraudia, 12( Nicandra, 11 Nickers, 667 Nicotiana, 1119, 1120 Nigger-coffee, 66 Nigger-coffees, 66 Nigger-head, 1428 Nigger-teats, 142 Night-blooming cereus, 914 Night- blooming jessamine, Nighte aps , O17 Night- "ds. ering catchfly, 507 d MEE ae mble- kate, 288 oddi ing- caps, 378 odding-etterca 378 odding- mandarin, 299 odding-nixie, 363 S orta, 60 orthern- bayberry, .A09 orthern-hemlock, 7 a n prickly- -ash, 158 o-st Mu ot thol "us otoscordum, 541 289, 290 ) Y MPHAEACEAE, 540 » 540 PA 42 chartaceae, 541 flava, 543 fluviatili Nymphoides, ‘1056, 1057 Nyssa, 956, 957 NYSSACEAE, 956 Oakesiella, 299, 300, 1500 er we m 'drangea, 501 fepe MEN 1156 Obione, 468, 468 Obolaria, 1055, 1056 Oceanoros, 278 Ocimum, 1181 ou 1019 Ocotea, 92 ( jc tober flow Ooa 48°. 483 ee eet stephana, 1076, 1077 orless wax- myrtle, ta Oenothera, 946, 948, 94 Okeechobee gourd, 1287 Okenia, Okra, Bo: OLACACE i. 50 0 .denlandia, 1253 Old-field clover, 685 O Old-man ur 597 O s-be: uos 525, 1041 10 IILY, 910 Oligoneuron, 1: 360, 1361 933 Vild, 1032, 1041 ( ahs Fasc, 1037 Oly Or raora Em One idium, 396, 397, 397 One-berr 442 One-flowe e uo 1019 ( Y, ( ( ( NION F AM 288 88 hopordum, 1483 nos p , 1126, 1127, UM 1082, 1085 Ophrys, 378 Opium-poppy, 548 popanax, 654 DL Sun w ood, 1036 Opulaster, 606, 607 Mors Qs ati oct )5 y ucotric hi b 910 isciformis, 903 Ponca: 905 ) polycarpa, f INDEX 1537 stricta, 909 Palmetto-w ed -a-stem, 240 ensifolium, 78 tenuiflora, 908 PALM FAMILY, 236 epilifolium, 80 Tracyi, 902 Ser po 398 equilaterale, 80 tunoidea, 909 Pan 95 erectifolium, TT turbinata, 910 a AN 13 fasciculatum, 69 turgida, 905 Panic-grasses, 60 filiculme, 76 zebrina, 910 ud 131 filiforme, 52 OPUNTIACEAE, 897 utiflora, 131 flavovirens, 78 oo ee '896 ne a 132 flexile, 6t Orach, elongata, 132 fuscum, 69 Orach = 467 fluitans, 131 fusiforme, 72 Orange-bell lily, 291 grandis, 132 Gattingeri, 70 Orange-cup lily, 291 melicaria, 132 geminatum, 68 range-grass, 87 nervata, 132 gibbum, 82 pea au pium, T obtusa, 131 glabrifolium, 78 range rein- orchid, 314 pallida, 132 plabrissimum, 78 Orange root, 51 septentrionalis, 131 glabr ru" mo! Orbexilum, 692, 1593 striata, 132 Go Orchard-grass, 129 Panicum, 60 PAIS 78 ORCHID..-EAE, 363 acieulare, 73 gymnocarpon, 81 ORCHIDALES, 362 aculeatum, 79 halophilum, 70 ORCHID IR 363 Addisonii, T7 oe n, rchis, adspersum, 6€ hians, 71 bea a pm agrostoides, 71 n nS 16 Origanum, 1170 albemarlense, 16 Joorii, 80 Ormenis, 1467 albomarginatum, fini jancearium, 79 Orobanche, 1238 amaroides, TO anuginosum, 75, 76 OROBANCHACEAE, 1238 Sigs aia 10 atifolium, 80, 81 rontium, 24 amarum, 70 laxiflorum, 72, 72 Ornithogalum, 293 amarum, TO leucophaeum, 50 ORPINE p 585 anceps, 71 Lindheimeri, 75 rac (hne, 95 angustifolium, 72 linearifolium, T2 Orzya, annulum, E ongifolium, 71 ( p M 438 arenicola, ongiligulatum, 75 Osiers, 412 arenivoloides, 73 lucidum, 74 smanthus, 1043 Ash macrocarpon, SO Osmia, 1319, 1320 atlanticum, 16 malacon, 16 Osmorrhiza, 968 malacophyllum, 79 ( Stry dii i outa nde. 52 manatense, 80 Oswe 64 Baldwinii, 78 mattamuskeetense, T4 ( nee gooseberry, 779 barbinode, 68 maximum, 70 tophylla, 1222 barbulatum, 74 meridionale, 76 vercup-oak, 42? barbulatum, 73 microcarpon, 7: OXALIDACEAE, 745 bartowense, 6! miliaceum, 69 Oxalis, 74 Bergii, 7( molle, 68 Ox-eye daisy, 1470 Bicknellii, 13 mutabile, Ox-e 17 md _80 Nashianum, 79 rybaphus, 488 br nemopanthum, 73 Oxycoceus, 1017, 1018 caerulesceni, T74 M m, 73 xydendrum, 1002 capillare, 69 nitidum, 73, 75 Oxypolis, 985, 9 chamaelonche, 78 nudicaul e, 73 Oxypteryx, 1072 Chapmani, 68 octonodum, 15 Oxytria, 293 chrysopsidifolium, 72 oligosanthes, 79 Oyster-plant, 262, 1488 ciliatum, 72 ovale, 16, 80 ciliifer a 29 oviu T Pachysandra, 806 ciliosur paludivagu m, 68 Pachystima, 81 clandestinum, 80 arvispiculum, 75 Padus, 650, 650, 651, 651 Clute paspaloides, 68 Paederia, 126 in. 52 a 78 Paepalanthus, 257 colonum, '83 patulu 19 Pagoda-bells, 298 columbianum, TT Duc TUN. 75 Pagoda-cornel, 958 Combsii, 71 philadelphicum, 70 Painted-cup, 1224 Commonsianum, 77 polyanthes, 77 Painted-lady, 308 commutatum, 80 )olyeaulon, 72 ^?ninted-leaf, 803 coneinium, 78 )ortoricense, 78 Painted- to eee 308 condensum, 71 )roliferum, 69 Paint-root, 35 consanguineum, 72 prostratum, 69 "alafoxia, 1403 Crus-galli, 83 )seudanceps, T1 -ale-corydalis, 551 cryptanthum, .80 rseudopubescens, 76 -ale-dock, 447 cu oliu TT pubescens, 7 -ale- hickory, 40 Cicadas. 74 pyriforme, 1o 'ale Indian- DEOR 1476 Cuthbertii, TS Ravenelii, 79 ale meadow-beauty, 925 depauperatum, 71 repens, 70 Pale-persicaria, 456 dichotomum, 7 reptans, 69 Pale-spikerush, 162 dictotomiflorum, 69 rhizomatum, 71 Pale touch-me-not, 753 igitarioides, 8 roanokense, 74 Palma-Christi, 792 a a 81 rostratum, 71 Palmettos, 239 Earlei sanguinale, 51 97 1538 scabriusculum, 79 scoparium, 79 Seribnerianum, T9 tenue, an M 71 villosissimum, T6 virgatum, d red br eviramosunm, y Ebor 2m T da wilmingtonense, W pene xalapense, 72 ranthospermum, 16 yadkinense, 74 "APAYAC ‘EAE, 894 PAPAYA FAMILY, ” 894 aper- mulberry, 438 ;appoose-root, 545 6 Parrot pi ite her- plant, 581 ^ irrot! s- P ther, 955 'arsle -arsley- haw, 44 Parsley- imd thorn, 644 s14 Parson- in- -the- ‘pulpit, '"ursonsia, 931, 932 ,arthenium, 1418 ; 'arthenocissus -artridge- berry, artridge-pea, 663 idge 662 1430 Pa Pa Pa PP Po blepharophyllum, 58 Blodgettii, 57 Boscianum, 60 caespitosum, 5S Chapmanii, Hun. 58 circulare, 59 Con JuLA Cum. t Curtisianum, 59 dasyphyllum, 58 det p oF giganteum, 3 glaberrimum, 59 grac paar nm 51 lii 60 itio fim. 58 axul DS entiferum, 59 ividui 58 onzepedunen u atum, M E ~ >" ED scrobiculatum. An ceun solitarium, "58 v aginatum, d aseyanum, PASSIFLO )RALES, 894 ver ssion- flower, 895 SION-FLOWER FAMILY, 895 895 -aurotis, 242 Avonia, 853, 853, S54 awp: iW- apple, 529 'awpaws, 529, 530, 532 'eade api ` dock, 44 6- d 2 550 cari- harlequin, S6 350 id 497 "ei ir Iy- ever le BD d, ri ae dent) Tw sts DAE edici laria, 5 'ediculari 1224 redilanthus, ) ediomelum, 693, 694 "iranisia, 661 FPelexia, 284 nicilla S6 r DN 950 enni 86 1165, Penns ros: ub in y 10 56 1402 1167 „H "epperworts » 066 Srami ar 38 384 'erennia garden phlox, 1 105 Perennia ata Pereskia, sos S98 Perilla, 117 Periploc: 1005 1466 )22 Periw inkle, 1060 Periwinkles, 1059 Perizoma, 1116 E Perona Persea, 921, 922 pen lasa 915 ou ^ A56 de msiflorum, 456 hirsuta, T a a 45 P ue 457 incarnatum, 456 us Er dd longistyla mississippiens sis, 456, Muhlenbergii, 455 2€ 45 pennssivaniea, 456 Per sicari a, 45 carne us, 696 Pha 92 Phanopyr um, ar Eu s ne ,1083, 1084 P ho oe . 723 adenanthus a VI a perennis, po ine T pauciftorus, ee atus, 723 smitacifotius 724 ulg P heasant flow. e Pheasant y Phyllanthus, Physalis, INDEX ae tella, 1006 ^ OA 04 stolonifera, 1104 ea ata, 1102 > Annual Garden, 1104 adoy EL Mou tam. EE nial Garden, 1105 , 110 10 PHLOX F AMILY, 1099 ea ESA 1441, Phoer 2: Phor adendr on, 1 241 i, 1442 238, 23% TTT, 7 r 1107 ELT angulata, 110 angustifolia, 1112 arenicola, 10 harhadensis, 1109 1109 8 func op at 1111 heterophylla, 1111 intermedia, 1110 Lagascae, lanceolata, 1109 lanceolata, 1 mosse mollis, 1111 monticola, 1110 nyctaginea , 1111 pruino. sa, )des, DAL DUE. 606 485, PHYTOL ACC. ACE AE, 48: Piaropus, 267, 268 Picea, 6, 7 P Ei a 7 EED FAMILY, 265 -icker el w Mats 266 ilostaxis, TT Pimpernel, 1026 2 NALES, 2 n- cherry, 649 nek ney a, ne-hyacinth, 528 neland. ginseng, 1418 ne-lily, 2t ne- nevales, » » » » » » » 7 NEAPPLE Past, 265 » » » : T45 » » » > nguicula, “1232, 12 232 ACE INK 4X, "ink fringe orchid, 371 ink lady-slipper, 367 ink mar ish- spurrey, 502 Pink meadow- spirea, 608 Pink-root, West Indian, 1046 Pink shell- azalea, 999 Pink- sundew, Bust al s, 3 australis, 4, 5 caribae: clau usa, Ld epi Po ~ ej RE — 26 $ uc m ^ UE palustris uid ae * M rigida, 4, 1540 serotina, 4, 5 Strobus, 6 : dA Aow er, 995 400 þad ha Shor nac EAE, 400 PIPERALES , 399 -ipewort, 225 -ipeworts, 257 Pipsissewas,_ 990 B n o 2 LE EN | 9, 490 ISONTACEAB, 489 tche Pitcher: ae 58 Pire "HER-PLANT FAMIL X. cher- -plants, 580 Pitch: -pine, 4, 6 Pithecolobium, 652 544 PLANE. TREE FAMIL X. Plane-trees, 604 Planera, 441 PLANTAGINACE Ae 1244 PLANTAGINALE dcs 244 Plantago, 1: 044. 1245, 1240, 1 247 PLANTAIN FAMILY, 1244 Plantain- leaf sedge, 216 604 Platter-leaf, 461 Platypus, 395, 395 Pleea, 275 Pleient Ple Pleurothallis, 320, 399 Pluchea, 139 8 ( a, 1 0 688. annua, arachnifera, 130 autumnalis, 130 brachyphylla, 130 brevifolia, 130 INDEX Chapmaniana, 130 compressa, 130 ; 3 584 n- ivy, 8 9. ak, 80 Pois 08 Poke- milked 1070 ro kes, 485 POKEWEED FAMILY, 483 n 2 516 Pole-be: Polecat, a EE. 1142 Polecat-tree, 832 POLEMONIACEAE, 1099 POLEMONIALES, 00 Polemonium 110 Polycarpon, 50 03.9 ODE rro 1011, , brevitolia 1 arteri, 774 Chapman, 770 cruciata ramosior, 771 cumulicola, Curtiss gr ard gran difora kodn 766 Harperi, 771 Hooke keri, T 71 Lew do lutea Th marian: 1, 771 miamie ns sis, 767 a praetervisa Pretzii, 772 1 -1 Cie pnp verticillata, 7 viridescens, 7 POLYGALALES, 7 Peas ae 3, 76 a] o a a or - 9 - as IZ ele c fon) -1 p i Inr -1 cl Polygonatum, 300 I eae 449, 449, 450, 45 'olygonum, 452, 453, 458 Pone 1406, 1407 Polymniastr um, 1406 Polypogon, 103, 103 Polypremum, 1047 Polypteri y Polyrrhize Polystachya, 393, 393 olytaenia, Pomegranate, 2 POMEGRANATE FAMILY, 93 Poncirus, 760 P epee 533 Pond-bush, 923 d-cypress, 9 -lilies, 542 P ond-ru Sh, ,15 Pondwee es 16 PONTEDERIAC EAE, 265 Ponthieva, 379, 380, 380 Po aL mosses, Poor-man’s Bn hes, 897 Poor-man’s pepper, 555 Poor- "os s weather-glass, POOT- robin’ S T 1494 opine Poplar- leave haw, 642 Poplars, BOB, 6 POPPY FAMI 546 Poppy- mallows, '852 b 410, 411, 411, 412, orcu upi inegra ES 9T angustifolius, 17 australis, 26 Curtissii, 17 diversifolius, 18 epihydrus, 17 oridanus, 16 He folio heterophyllus, 17 pennsylvanicus, OTAT Potato-tree, Peren ae 610, E 611, stër luni 614 -otherb-mustar d, -overty-grass, Poverty-pine Poverty-wee d, 140 Prairie- Prairie- bio ?rairie-orchid, de uad ed rd Donnie S, -sida 850 "im, -*rimroses, i -RIMULACE "es 102 SRIMULAL ES, 1020 Prince' "rince's s-pine, Prince’ s- plume, 457 1042 P ssion- flower, y " Z =] tj > SES > -€- z m le t < © cuneata, 649 563 36 | ;overty-gr asses, 94 a thalia, 36 12 $1 3 Prairie-meadow-sweet, 610 370 ^r bored ,4t -rickle-weed, 656 -rickly-apples, 915 Prickly-ash, 758, 960 ?rickly-bur, 42 ric Me ee 10 Sens * uon 1022 9 p^ s-feather, 457 168 Psilor herm: 1, INDEX geniculata, hor 9 hortulana, 649 Aortulana Mineri, 649 648 injucunda, Psoralea 1 4 ] americana bituminosa, 692 Canero 694 gracilis, L acus VA ea CIS “Rowlee, 692 g ] a 1360, 1261 telea, ^?terocaulon MOD MT 911, ^?ueraria, 12 e-fringe © Ñ = = e EI £e = = = D r4 Terr Putty oot, “388 1 th ymus 1167 ) > 1 P EY “pipes, 98t > » yxie, 1019 rrr YXIE FAMILY, 1018 400 ter ophyton, 1443, 1 1444 E and- hol e back, 489 er, 94 LANE pom 493 Pussley, 49 Quack- gr ass, 136 Queen-of- the-night, 91 Jueens-root, T88 i 424 cinerea, 42 coccinea, on coccinea- P dd 430 ligitata, 430 Durandi, à 426 f myrtifo lia, 42 DT 205020 21010, 431 Ea ^ a: ad Phellos Phell e Boum da, 427 Phellos laurifolia, 428 platanoides, 425 prinoides, ra 6 42 pumila, 427 Rolfsii, 427 ubra, 430 ibra, 429 Schneckii, n Shumardii, 429 sinuata, 426 stellata, 424 stellata Pa succulenta, 427 i ia, 430 427 triloba, 430 SAA 1542 velutina, 430 virens, virens denta virens. neri dT 42 Rabbit-bells, 679 Rabbit-foot clov ver, 685 Rabbit's-pea, 106 Radicula, 556, 557 Radish, 565 Ragged- orchid, nin Ragged-robin, 1485 tagwee RAGWEED Fami ILY, 12$ Ragweeds, 1299, 1201. Ragworts, 1478 Railr oad-vine, 2 , 947 Ram mp- 'scallions, 289 Ram’ s-horn, 1244 508 allegheniensis, 521 a n 21 apri 522 aquatilis, E 519 bulbos 522 deiphinifolius. 520 obtusiusculus, 521 palmatu Do vidus E parvulus, £ pennsylvanicus, 522 pusillus, 521 recurvatus, ^ 529 septentrionalis ae aa. cus, 523 septentrionalis nitidus, 622 tener, 520 Durs SM 520 Rapanea, 102 Raphanus, Rattles nake master, 318, 96 Rattlesnake- masters, 133 a dentata, 426 DU dinidnd minima, 426 co, 1403, 1405 INDEX Rattlesnake-plantains, 384 tattlesnake-roots, 1490 Rattlesnake- weed, 1494 Rattle-top, 513 Rattle- vetch, 709 Rattle-weed, 676 Rayless-goldenrods, 1342 Red-alder, -419 Red-ash, 104 Re -baneberry, 513 ed-bay, 877, 922 20 -bells, [51 Rec berried elder, 1270 Red-birch, tec n. es 804 82 ted- careless, 455 Red-cedar, 11 Red-chokeberry, Red-clover, 686 635 Red-elm, Red-gum, 601 Red-grap 37 ed-puceoon, 456 ed-raspberry, 621 ed-root, 355 T, 833 ec roots, ed-shank, 833 e spider- lily, 321 e ye ened doc k, 448 eed- Ben grasses, 106 ed canary-grass, 93 ed-grasses, 104, 107 Reed. maces Reef- thatches, 241 Reimaria, 54 teimarochloa. 54 Rein-orchids, 373 Remirea, 187 Res Rha 8 Rhapidophy lum, TANY FAMILY, Rheumatism: root, Rhe exi 243 668 544 liformis, 927 floridana, 926 glabella, 927 lanceolata, 927 virginica, 927 hips lis, 913 Rhizophora, 93 RHIZOPHORACEAE, 9 RE EAE Dent 105 I ol R hododendron, 997, 998, Rho ie M 121 thus, 2 Ashe 810 caroliniana, 810 , 810 - _ jam ^ ~ = - - obtusifolia, pumila, Pd radicans, 809 eek 809 tuphina, 0 ee 809 Rhynchophorum, 401 1yne iosia, T13 caribaea Le T14 menispermoide a, 714 Michauxii, 714 715 n llissima, 715 parvifolius, 713 reniformis, 714, 715 reticulata, 714 simplicifolia, 715 tomentosa os En eee 9 Ribes, 6 P 2, er 3, 604, Rib-gr ass, 1246 Rice, 89 Richardia, 1262 Richar 'dsonid, 1262 Richweed, "ed 1179 ticinus, 7 Ridan, 1 , 1445 Ridge-beech, 420 Riedlea, > "ers grape, 837 River-weed, 584 RIVER-WEED FAMILY, 584 Rivina, isi tot Road-grass, 16 Roadside thistle, 1483 oan-lil 91 ees 699 102 ME Elliettii, TOL Kelseyi, 701 longiloba, 101 nana, 7 's-plantain, 1396 Is 5 14 l tel l Iv c = B & zi 4 p^ - oe bo [ro fi © A TON UN 9 mvto6óos i ee HEB 2a né 1 ess, 587 Sses 1 AAA 551 uv r aum VIL Ls j c AAC LO a 5 © E q » ¢ a 7 - Ha c N^ Ho Ü », ese FE zs E 5 1 RE d. z 7 É £ = a z c o ooo C C6 06 ZEE © A zT 66 oF e S. = B po AS m Aa O us t, ocket- larkspur, 515 ockets, 56 Roke- har eque 551 oke-l adie 50 a ik m Roman- Wormwood, 1300 moe 098, 55 osa, bracteata, 628 florid ina, “629 )30 obtusiuscula, 630 palustris, 629 rubifolia, 627 rubiginosa, 628 serrulata, 6 30 Rosa- de: Montana, 460 ROSA ROSE FAMILY, 604 INDEX R os se-leek a Rose ip, 377 Rose. mallows, 854 Rosemary. Willow, 414 Rose- of- Sharo pU 857 Rose-w , 916 Rosin- ts, Rosin-weeds, 1408, 1410 yet s ed-st 484 Rough- bedstraw, 1268 Rough-cinquefoil, 611 Rou zh- leaf cornel. 958 Rough- p meadow- grass, Rough- strongba ck, 112 Rough velvet-s seed, 12 59 Round-leaf orchid, 369 Roundleaf-sundew, 519 ROXBU ni) ACEAE, 309 ROXBURGHIA FAMILY, 309 Royal-j jessamine, 1044 ) 38 Royal-poinciana, 666 3 S p Kubber-plant, 439 Rubber-vine, 1062, 1063, d 619 I RUBIACEAE, 1251 cet de 1251 Rubus, 619 inen x Pailey 29 betulifolius, 622 canadensis, 622 caro olin UE 621 L ontiner talis 624 , 621 luci an , 624 v illosus, 621 Rudbeckia, 142 acuminata, 1425 alismaefolia, Ha amplecten 24 heteropheila, 14241 hirta, 142 laciniata, 1424 ongipes, 1427 maxima, 142 1 424 palustris, 1425 pinnatiloba, 142 be aa 142 ericea, 1427 spathulata, 1425 speciosa 142 subiomentosa, 142 4 Sulliv 5 en: x, triloba, ia 26 triloba pinnatiloba, 14 triloba rupestris, 1j2 6 truncata, 1426 umbrosa, 1425 Rue, 757 Rue. A N 518 RUE AMILY, 756 LY Running-oak, 427 R g strawberry -bush, Ruppia, 15 Rush, 283 Featherling, 275 Grasses, 100 RUSH FAMILY, 281 Rushes, 281 Rushfoils, 784 Russelia, 1206 Russet-alder, 651 1544 Russet- orchid, 310 aldwinii, 182 brachychaeta, 183 caduca, 185 cu 180 Careyana, 179 178 cor du "mac rostach ya, Curtis sii, 181 glomerata, 18 glomerata Pee , 131 E paniculata, 181 zr Hier eptocarpa, 181 eptorhyncha, 182 macra, 180 macrostachya, microcarpa, 18 cn aaa 181 186 d milia INDEX Sabal, 239, 240, 240 Sabbatia, 1049 49 dodecandr a. „1090 abina. 1 1 SEDI. 498 498 Sacchar odendron, 824, Saccharum, 3 Sas S32 S Sapittaria, 22 Pakia i 25 Chapmanii, 25 macroc arpa, 25 nc ui : na natans pus illa, 24 ornithorhvneha 25 platyphylla, pene ag" rigida, 25 stagnorum, 24 subulata, 24 eres, 2« v ipa 25 vise 26 Sac or MALA EE AMILY, 1 279 tine- gras SS, 88 St. Eline: s-feathe St. John’s-weed, ST. coe S-WORT PIS. r. 218 73 St. une S- N ue St. Ma St. PE "Sor SALICACEAE. 4 SALICALES, 41 s 468, 468 Salix Ae alb AA 413 abylonica, 414 825 Chapmanii, 41 414 cordata, 4 lon gifolia, 415 longipes, 413 marginata, 41: Q » missour iensis, 414 3 tr is stis NIE m stydis, 326 als 45 UN ilt-marsh-gras Salt-marsh m: Us. 85 9 Salt-marsh bulrush, 171 Salt-m: irsh umbrella-grass, 173 Salt-reed grass, 113 Saltwort, < 169, 486 Salv — ^ an E 102 Bac crest. 693 Sam hires. 468 SANDAL-WOOD r AMILY, Sandbar-willow, 414 Sand-beans, 725 -blackberry 621 -blackjack, 430 Sand-burs, 86, 668 Sand-grape, 863 Sand-grass, 122 Sanc “er rasses, 1248 43, 107, 121, and-mvrtles and-myrties, 99. -phl ox, d 103 59 Sanguinaria, 546 Sanguisorba, 614 Sanicles, 965 Sanicula, 965, 966 Sanidophyllum, 84 Sansevieria, 301 SANTALACEAE, 1248 SANTALALES, 1247 SAPODILLA ap AMILY, 1031 Saponaria, 505 Sapota, 1031, 1082 APOTACEAE, 1031 Sargent's-palm, 238 Sarothra, 874 eae 580, 581, 582, SARR ACEN IACEAE, eu ES AURURACEAE, 399 , 399 axifraga, 595, 596 'AXIFRAGACEAE, 590 AXIFRAGE FAMILY, 590 axifrages, 595 caevola, 1296 'aly-bark meno 426 'andix, are- weed, [on earlet firetho »rn, 644 w triaristatum ; +4 illos mum, 44 Sa, 811, 811 Schobera, 1133 Schoenocaulon, 277, 278, Schoenolirion, 293, 294 Schoenus, 188 Scirpus, 167 INDEX americanus, 170 atrovirens, 171 lacustris, e us SUE E 358 Seleria, 188 Baldwinii, 191 hed induci costata, 191 190 pauciflora, 190 reticularis, d 1 elie S, colyn 5 498 copari: 87 corp grasses, 1124 eratch- -gra asa; 458 erophul TI eee re erub-eabba: erub ch estnut- m 426 p erub-oak, 426, 427, 430 crub- -palmetto, 240 crub-pine, 6 crub-plum, 649 crub prickly-pear, 907 'cuppernong, 838 abamen ns arguta, 1151 campestris, 1151 canescens, 1151 cordifolia, 1151 1545 cubensis, 1151 Cuthbertii, 1151 galericulata, 1150 Sear 1152 havanensis 50 incana, 115 integrifolia, 1152 Dan na 1150 longiflo) 15 Meltichampti, „1152 montana, multizlandulosa, 1152 Sea-grasses, 26 Sea-hollyhock, 856 Sea-island cotton, 861 Sea-lavender, 1130 Sea- lav enders, 1021 LOG 106 Seaside pa pr imrose, 9 Seaside- a 1132 l 860 Senecio, 147 alabamensis, 1480 79 9 Memmingeri, 1480 Millefolium, 1480 obovatus, 1479 pauper culus, 6 SENNA FAMILY, 1658 Sensitive-briars, . 656 Sensitive-joint vetehes, (2 Sensitive-peas, 6 Sensitive-plant, 862 2 Sensitive plants, 656 September-elm, 441 1546 Septilia, 1189 Se erenoa, er 242 ee 1313 Sea bark hickory, 406 Shall Sr Sharp- lobe i erleaf, 2 Pia zalingale, 14 e-balsz e Shepherd's- cress, 587 Shey oherd’s- -needle, 1451 S-purse, 554 Shephe erd's weather-glass, 026 ierardia, 1269 1erw woodia, ittimwood, 10: 4 10e-black pl: 10e- buttons 251 100-fly 676 Looting- SRDS 1027 e-ba 1, 554 how y- “hydrangea, 597 10wy-ore oe 368 m à 318 irubby-einquefoil, 613 irubby St. John's-wort, 73 Shrubby- e 798 Shy-leaves, Sibbatdiopsis hie pod, 572, 660 SS Sida, 849. cili iaris, 851 ) hermaphrodita, ~ leptophylla, 85 Napaea, 850 procumbens, 850 rhombifolia, 850 rubromarginata, 851 sp vinosa, 850 upina ' 880 Sideranthus, 134: Sideroxylon, 1032, ia Sidesaddle- plant, 58 Siever n 8 dic hotoma, 507 latifolia, 507 noctiflora, 507 ovata, pennsylvanica, 506 laciniatum, 1410 lapsuum, 141 Mohrii, 1415 nodum, 1413 orae, 1411 ovatifolium, [ perfoliatum, 1410 Silver-chickweed, 479 Silver- 8 Silver- R 479 Silver-leaf, 5: d 2:2 7 Silver-leaf cro 783 Silver- leaved poplar 411 398 Simmons, Sinapis, 563, 563, 564 Siphonanthus, 1144 Siphonychia, 482, 483 Sisal, 319 Sisal-hemp, 319 ahr yan BER, 559, 559, 0, Sisyrinchium, 327 albidum, : : 328 inerustatum , 9 29 minus, 330 mucronatum, 328 rosulatum, 330 rufipes, 32 scabrellum, 3 328 xerophyTlum, 3 329 Sku nk- gras ses, 122 Sk ink- "eed, T Sky-blue ine 681 Slash-pine, 4. 5 Slender-fumeroot, 551 Slippery-elm, Sloe, 648, 1272 Slough-grass, 113 Sanaa 1406 Small-cane, 81, 38 Small -fruited cocoa- plum, Smal -fr uited pawpaw, 530 6 Sm eode. 45 Smilacaceae, 309 Smilacina, 297 Smilax, 311 auriculata, 313 n 313 ona-^ 31 cinnamomifolia, 313 laurifolia, 314 5 eptanthera, 311 negacarpa, 314 Bud C nh 313 »umila, 31 rotundifolia; 313 Smalli tamno de CT Walteri, 313 SMILAX FAMILY, 309 Smoke-tree, ee Smokeweed, 132 INDEX 1517 Smoking-beans, 1241 Chapmanii, 1352 Sum a mon 11943 mooth- -alder, 418 Chrysopsis, 1356 Soniai "a, e. mooth- azalea, 996 conferta, 1352 Sorbu mooth-fruited poppy, 548 corymbosa, 1361 Sorghastru 47, 47, 48 mooth hydra ea, 597 Curtissii, 1357 a Paone, 47, 48 mooth-phlox, 5 lispersa, 1358 So 47 mooth-strongback, 1129 Earlei, 1358 Sorrel mooth-sumac, 8 Edisoniana, 1358 wW mooth-win terberry, S15 Elliottii, 1358 Field, 446 mut-grass recta, 13i House, 446 nailseed, 531 fistulosa, 13 Sheep, 446 nakeberry, 513, 612 flaccidifolia, 1356 orrel-tree, 1002 nake-cactus, 91: flavovirens, 1354 orrel-vine, 839 nake-heads, 1199 flexicaulis, 1356 our-cherry, 650 nakeroot, 965, 1282 Gattingeri, 1355 our-dock, 446 nakeweeds, 716 gigantea, 1359 our-gum, 956 napweeds, 753 glaberrima, 1359 our-grass, 446 nap- S ORE 114 glomerata, 1350 our-grasses, 747 nappy-hazel, 600 gracillima, 1356 ourwood, 2 neezeweeds, 1459 Harperi Tee outhern black- haw, 1272 nowberries, 125$ Harrisii, 135 outhern-dewberry, 624 nowberry, 1273 hirsutissima, * 1360 outhern-elder, 1270 nowboys, 517 hispida, 1351 outhern fox-grape, 838 nowbush, TS juncea, 1353 outhern-magnolia, 535 snowdrop-tree, 1036 lanci folia, 1357 outhern-pine, 4 'now-on-the- mountain, 797 latissimifolia, 1356 outhern red-cedar, 11 now-wreath, 625 DOM 1359 outhern red-maple, 826 Snowy-campion, 506 Maxonii 'outhern-spruce, 7 Snowy- P ur 310 mexicana, 11354 southern-sumac, 811 oapber 828 Milleriana, 1350 outhernwood, 147 pap aes FAMILY, 827 mirabilis, 1359 outhern yellow-birch, 418 rore 505 missouriensis, 1359 ow-thistles, 1498 Soapwort-gentian, 1055 monticola, 1351 angle-grasses, 127 Odi iDBIe e, 1114 M 1360 panish-bayonet, 30 Soft-maple, 825 neglec 354 yanish-dagger, 304 Soft-rush, 28 ie HT 1355 nish-daisy, 1460 SOLANACEAE, 1105 notabilis, 1353 )anish-jessamine, 1044 Solanum, 1112 odora, 1852 oanish-larkspur, 1100 aculeatissimum, 1114 pallescens, 1353 anish-moss, 268 alatum, 1114 patula, 1354 yanish-needles, 1451 bahamense, 1115 petiolaris, 1350 janish-oak, 268 Blodgettii, 1115 petiolata, 1356 anish-stopper, 935 carolinense, 1114 pinetorum, 1355 "ARGAN IACEAE, 14 Duleamara, 1113 plumosa, 1352 parganium, 14, 14 elaeagnifolium, 1115 Porteri, 1351 parkleberry, 1010 floridant ium, 1115 pubens, 1357 partina, 112 glaucum, 1115 puberula, 1351 alterniflora, 113 gracile, 1114 pulehra, 1356 Bakeri, 11: jamaicense, 1116 pulyerulenta, 1351 cynosuroides, 113 Melongena, 1114 radula, 1355 p Hilda 113 nigrum, rigida, 1354 glabra perplexum , 1115 rigida, 1361 juncea, n ` Pseudo- capsicum, 1115 rigidius scula, 1352 junciformis, 115 rostratum, roanensis, 1351 Michauxiana, 113 sis Symbriifotium, 1114 rugosa, 1358 patens, 114 torvum, 1115 rupestris, 1359 polystachya, a Mec M 1115 m 1354 spartinae Soldier’s-cap, otina, 2 __ stricta, T Noldier-wood, 894 pid iosa, 13 Spathiger, 390_ Solidago, 1344 spithamaea, 52 Spathyema, 240 alleghaniensis, 1351 squarrosa, 1350 Spatter-docks, 540 altissima, 1358 stricta, 1356 Spatularia, 596 altissima, 136¢ strigosa, 135: Spear-grasses, 97, 129 ımplexicaulis, 1353 suaveolens, 1352 Spear- t, 117s angustifolia, 1356 tarda, 135 Speckled-alder, arguta, 1353 tortifolia, 1357 Speckled wood-lily, 296 arguta caroliniana, 1353 KPE 1352 špecularia, 12% aspericaulis, 1 uniligulata, 1354 Speedwells, 12 asterifolia, 1356. aseyi, 1353, 1354 Spergula, Ue austrina, 1354 erna, n Spergularia, 502. " bicolor, 1351 virgata 135 Spermacoce, 1265, 1265 Boottii, 1353 y vadkinensis, 1 1353 266 a brachyphylla, 1353 Soliva, 1413, 1474 " SP i 125 uckleyi, 1351 Solomon’s-feathers, 297 phenoclea, 1291 caesia, e Solomon's-plumes, 297 Sphenopholis, "105, 110 'anaden 1359 Solomon's-seals, 300 Spice-birch, Pe aN., 1360 Sonchus, 1498 Spice bush, "409, 924 celtidifolia, 1358 Sophia, 572, 573 Spice-bushes, 924 1548 Spice-wood, 938 Spic ce-woods, 924 Spiderworts, Spigelia, 1046 818 neless- blackberry, 22 Spiny-pods, 1076 Spir 6087 609, 610 Spiranthes, 380, "um 382, Spireas, 607 102 A Ber "i 2 Berteroanus, Ps compressus, 102 MAT ndrus, 103 sii, 103 domingensis, Fd 02 E 108 HEC us: Ers teretifolius, 103 Torreyanus, 2 vaginaeflorus, 101 vaginaeflorus. minor, 101 102 ak, 42$ Spo red. St. John's-wort, Spotted ‘snapweed, 753 oe 990 A i] "$ e : i - Spr: 133 ST S CMT aie orchid, 897 Spreading-pigweed, 473 pring-beauties, 4 ave - z ns SPU INDEX Spurge-nettle, 790 Spurges, 792, Spurr red. shapidrasons, 1207 Spurrey, 5 Spurt-grass, “17 1 Squaw- huckleberries, 1010 Squaw-root, 1238 Squaw-weeds, 1478 Squirrel-corn, 550 Squirrel-cups, 516 Squirrel-tails, 276 Stachydeoma, 1166 Stachys, 1159 agraria, 116 ambigua, 1160 aspera, 61 Clingmanii, 1161 cordata, 1 floridana, 1 hyssopifolia, 1160 italiea, latidens, )0 lythroides, 116 Nuttallii, 1160 salvioides, 1161 tenuifolia, 1161 EUM 1141 Staff-t , 81 S AFF- Tuis i AMILY, S17 1272 » Sedet ypress, 1100 Staphylea, 821 STAPHYLEACEAE, 821 Star-anise, 534 Star-anises, 53 IS, O4. 485 Starry- campion, 50€ Starry-cerastium, 502 Star- violet, 619 ST ARWORT b a 486 ma, 1024, 1025, 1025 Stellaria, 497, 498, 499 Stemmodontia, 1429 Stenandrium, 1229 Stenanthium, 277 Stenophragma, 561 Stenophyllus, 158, 159, 159 Stenorrhynchus, 383 Stenotaphrum, 87, 88, 88 864 Stinging-nettle, Stink-bush, 534 Stinkweed, Stinking- Eu 12 Stinking "goosefoot, Saas ing-w illie, 307 97 Stipulicida, 503, 504 vor ere 464 "I an - TAT igs, 1318 34 Stone e-mí Stoppers, 93 3D, 936 Storaxes, Storksbill, Stramonium, SiRaw BERRY. SHRUB LY, 631 Straw- fow ers, 299 SLE 4 lily 824 308 1130 1090, 725 bi Stronghi ac k, Strophoe aulos, Strophosty Strumpfia, 1091 13 St y iophor um, ) 5 Stylosanthes, 129 , 190, 6 ( 1 730 Sapi e. 533 Sugar-berries, 442 , 39 € SUMAC FAMILY, 807 Sumacs, 809 Summer ann 513 Summer-grape, 837 Summer-haw, 642 Summer me: idow- rue, 525 Summer-snow fli ikes, 293 Summersweets, || Summer-violet, 893 Sunflowers, 143 Sun-plant, 495 INDEX ] Sun-ros 878 Sweet-potato, 1086 Tamarack, 7 RUNDEN “Fanny, 578 Sweet-robin, 700 TAM ies ee, 866 Sundev STEET TO EEN 560 Tamarind, 668 Sundial upime, 680 Sweet-rushe 42 Tamarindus, 668 undro , 948, 949 Sweet- scabiods 1396 Tamarisk, 866 e a. 542 Sweet-scented bedstraw, TAMARISK FAMILY, $66 Sunnybell, 293 268 amarix, 866 Suppie-jack, 831 Sweet-scented sumac, 811 Tanbark-oak, 426 Suriana, 762 Sweet-shrubs, 651 Tanacetum, 1470 SURIANACEAE, 761 Sweet-sap, 533 Tan-bay, vida, 957, 958, 958 Sweet-spires, 60 Tan y, 1470 wallow-wort, 547 Sweet-sumacs, 811 Tansy-mustards, 572 wamp-ash, 1039 Sweet-trillium, 308 TAPE-GRASS FAMILY, 26 wamp-azalea, 99 Sweet vernal-gré 93 Tape-grasses, 27 wamp-bay, 536, € Sweet-viburnum, 1272 Nea ir 96 wamp beggar-ticks, 1452 Sweet-violet, 892 Tare, wamp-buttercup, 522 Sweet white-violet, 891 Tares, "Tnt wamp-cabbage, 245 Sweet win u^ 2a ape, 837 Tar-flower, 992 wamp-candleberry, 409 Sd dea: K Tar- B 785 wamp-candles, 102 Swi 53 Taro, 248 wamp chestnut-oak, 425 Switeh. bud de. 407 Tass Sèl cotton-grass, 167 wam Pere ood, 412 Switch-cane, 138 Tassel-pondw eed, 15 wamp-dewberry, 624 Switch-ivy, 1001 Tassel-rue, 5 wamp-dock, 448 Sword-bush, TTT Tassel-w hite, 600 wamp-haw, 1272 Sword-grass, 170 Tawny cotton-grass, 167 wamp-hickory, 405 Sycamore, 604 Tawny day-lily, 294 w j».lily, 321 SYMPLOCACEAE, 1035 TAXACEAE, 2, 3, wamp-loosestrife, 920 a a 1273, Taxodium, 8, 9, 9 wamp-lousewort, 1224 127: Taxus, 12 wamp-maple, 826 S Symphy tum, 27 Teaberry, 1006 wamp-milkweed, 1070 Symplocarpus, 245 ar-grass, 3f wamp-oat-grasses, 109 Symplocos, 1055 Tearthumbs, 458 vamp-pine, 5 Synandra, 1156. Ens 1157 Teasel, 1275 wamp-pink, 276 Syndesmon, 517, 5 Wild, 1278 wamp post-oak, 425 Synedrella, 1145 TEASEL FAMILY, 1278 a pot s, 22 Syngonanthus, 257 Tecoma, 1240, er wamp red-bay, 922 Synosma, 1477 Telanthera, 476, 477 wamp-rose, 629 Sy vie 50 T eee 690 wamp rose-mallow, 856 Ba Tephrosia, 704 wamp rose-orchiíd, p nr 51 Terminalia, 933 wamp spanish- oak, digitatum, 50 TERMINALI SE EAE, 032 431 filiforme, 52 Terrell-grass, 137 wamp-sumae, 809 fimbriatum, 51 Tetragonia, PT 3 "wamp-thistle, 1482 floridanum, 51 TETRAGONIACEAE, 490 wamp white- oak, ind gracillimum, 51 Poder AU 1418 "wamp-willow humifusum, 51 Tetrazygia wamp-wood, so Isehaemum, 51 Tetrorum, EA aying-rush, 16$ leucocoma, 52 Teucrium, 1147, 1148 weating-weed, 856 marginatum, 51 Texa ar, 10 weat-root, 1 paniceum, 52 Le d 455 wedish-clover, 685 pauciflorum, 51 Thalesia, 1239 weet-acacia, 654 sanguinale, 51 Thalia, “361, 861, 362 weet alyssum, 565 serotinum, 51 Thalictrum, 52 weet-bay, 536, 922 setosum, 51 caulophylloides, 524 weet-bean, 665 Simpsoni, 51 clavatum, 52 weet-beth, villosum, 52 coriaceum, 524 weet-birch, 418 Syringa, 1038 debile, 524 weet-brier, 628 Syrinzas, 598 dioicum, 524 weet-buckeye, 822 macrostylum, 525 weet-bush, 410 Table-mountain pus 6 mirabile, 524 weet-cherry, 650 Table-rock pine, perelegans, 525 weet-cicelies, 96 Taenidia, 981 polygamum, 525 wee vers, 683 Tag-alder, 4 purpuras , 525 weet-elm, 441 Tagetes, revolutum, 525 weet-fern, 410 Talinum, 493, 494 Thaspium, 979, 980 weet-flag, 244 Talisia, 828 Thatch-leaf, 762 weet-gale, 409 Tallahassee-vine, 460 Thateh pauna 241 weet-goldenrod, 1352 Tall-buttercup, 522 THEACEA 75 weet- Mt ut Tall-larkspur, 51 THEOP HRASTAC BAR, pen weet-gu Tall meadow-rue, 525 Thermopsis, 673, 6 WEET- bu Ta. 601 Tal m 189 Therophon, 595 weet-jarvil, 96 all oat-gras 11 Thespesia, 860 weetleaf, a Tallow-wood, "951 Thevetia, 1058 WEETLEAF FAMILY, 1035 Tall red-top, 121 Thicket- shadblow, 636 weet-orange, T61 Tall white-violet, 893 Thick-leaf phlox, 1104 weet-pe pperbush, 987 all wild-nettle, 433 Thick shell-bark, 406 weet pine-sap TAMACEAF, 324 Thimble-berry, 619, 620 weet pitcher- Sd 582 Tamala, 921, 922 Thimble-flower, 1427 © 1550 T nae weed, 517 'Thistle, Parnabys Blessed, m m 473 10rny- amaranth, Vorone y ax 979 Thoroughy 326 m "hree-bir ‘hr ee seeded Three-square bulrush, Three-thorn < a, Thrinax, 241, 24 THY MEL PALES T iymophs Thym jer py 1486 1y8 RET 5 94 EU 14 J pJ J I "lar lan lm Eu xi "- c - "e 5 "lar! T eed, 1443. 1446 Vibe i. 985 Tilia, S42 alabamensis, 846 er ? PP ere moder ati. 846 544 eburnea, heterophsita 844 ai 845 a, 843 a 845 littoralis, 845 TILIACEAE, , 919 me-leaved VS SONG 500 INDEX Tillaea, 585 Balbis siana 71 myriop ‘hylla, poly sti ichya, 24 Y» Tis 387, 38 Tissa, 502 Tisswood, en Tithonia, 31 270 1 Tithymal pu T99 apocynifolia, 799 'orollata, 799 Curtissii, 799 discoidalis, 799 eriogonoides, 199 exerta, T99 gracilis, 79¢ pecacuanhae, 798 mercurialina, 799 ' DOthache. tree, ooth-cups, 929 oothworts, 566 ache- grasses, rt 1 58 D 14 960 Torchwood, 75$ TORCHWOOD FAMILY, 764 orilis, 967 rr esia, 93 Torreya, 1 Torrubia, A89, 400 Tortipes, 298 4 ei ee ; 15: Tough-buckthorn, 1034 ournefortia, 1130, 1121 Tovara, 45 oxiec ti rdion, OXY Ho oxic odendro on, 809 279 Tracaulon, 458 Trac helosper mum, Tracyanthu T 1063 ifolia! rosea, 259 la, 1192 Tragop« Zon, 1488 railing arbutus, N ‘ri railing TE 1 1 2 1287 Trian ine Tricholaena, 83, 84 Trichostema, 1148 Trichostigma, 484 Triclisy a, T67 Tridax, 147 Tridens, 121 Trifolis ite- orange, 160 Trifoliu 84 ag ar ium, 686 arve , 685 appar eum. pratense, 68f procumbens. 586 reflexum, 685 — riglochin, 20, Trigonella, 68: Frilisa, 1336 d cube 30 ee Ha erectun erythrocarpum, 308 grandiflorum, 308 Hugeri, lanceolatum , 906 ludov icianum, 306 pusillum, 308 r ectistam ineum, 3807 306 SE wW d 307 psacum, 37 setum, 108, 109, 109, 110 riumfetta, 841, 8 842 TROPAEOLACEAE, 75 Trumpet, 12 Trumpet- creeper TRUMPET- CREEPER E^ y 23 Trumpet-flower, 1058, 1240 Trumpet-honey suckle, 1274 Trumpet-leaf, 58: Trumpets, 580, 58 Tsuga, 7 Tubiflora, 1226, 1227 Tule, 17 Tulipastrum, 534 Tulip ^ 036 Tumble-mustard, 560 Tumble-weed, 413 Tumble-weeds, 472 Tumion, 12 Tunas, 899 Tupelo-gum, 954 Turbina, 1091 Turkey-beard, 275 Turkey -berry, 1116 Turkey oak, 428, 43 Turk’s-eap lily, 292 Turnera, 878 due FAMILY, 877 Turnip, 563 Turnip-bu uttercup, 522 Turnip RA un 466 Turtle-gré Twis sted- ok Two- Jes av ed o s-seal, 29 T Typha, 13, Ty Er 15. 14 ULMACEAE, 440 Ulmus, 440, 441 INDEX brella-cornel, 958 rella- magnolia, 5 ol! “mbrella. plants, pi^ Jmbrella-sedge, 148 Um d 5 C 4 4 = =] brella-w rorts, 488 Undines, 590 Unicorn-plant, 1244 Ico Upland-cotton Upland willow-oak 432 Utrie laria, 1235 biflora, 6 cornuta, 1233 fibrosa, 1235 floridana, 1236 foliosa, 1236 gibba, 1236 236 236 m ee a. 1236 1 : 236 2 vulgaris "ame A icana, Uvularia, 299, M ER a, Va snera, p zh Valerian: ; 1: V ^ Valeri 123 si des, 1141 ~ 289 Varebells, V A g oldies, 251 A 528 Vase-v A Vasey 6t V E DIDI. Bor dU UNE D 21 UNI RN: PLANT FAMILY, 24: Jnicorn-ro (6 Unifolium, 297 Uniola, 127, 128, 8 1236 76 NISH-LEAF FAMILY, 8 s, 821 45 861 land poison- sumac, n 42 Ur rechites, „1061 1062. 2 ) Velvet- -plant, 1199, 1475 Velvet-seed, 125 Velvet-sumae, sio Venus'-comb, 96 Venus’- -flytrap, 580 V bom FLY-TRAP FAMILY, Venus’- -slipper, 367 Ver m s lookin 290 NE nd 276, 277 oe ien Ver angustifolia, v id A 13 canadensis, ear oliniana, g-glasses, chamaedr de. 11 39 Dr um mondii, rigida, 1138 riparia, 1137 scabra, 1137 stricta, 1136 tampensis, 1139 “Vervains, 35 Vesiculina, 1237 Vetches, 739 Vetehl aae Kiepe A 1 Z £e N oo mM nto asthe We 3 12-1 obovatum, 1 prunifolium, pubescens, 127 boty -l to 1 R: afinesquianum. 12 rufidulum 272 r ufotomentosum, 127 127 Vibur num, Nash's, 1272 Small, 1272 Sweet, 1272 Vicia, 739 acutifolia angustifolia, E earolin 0 Cruce ri 10 floridana, 741 hirsuta, 140 fugeri, 740 ludoviciana, 741 nicrantha, (41 sativa, 7 tetrasperma, 740 texana, 7 Vicoa, 1405 Vigna, 125, $1 726 Viguiera, 142 Veronica 1208 11 Vinea, 1059, 1 Vincetoxieum, AOT 6, 76, 077, 1077, 107 3, rr 78 er ioc ar pa, florida ana, at: '89 Le Conteana, 891 Lovelliana, 887 pie asada 3 ,993 papilionacea, 888 pedata » 886 Pricean na, Prun pubescens, Rafinesquii, 888 4391 “893 sagi ittata septem nob n 890- VIOLE Violets, SS4 Violet w ood. sorrel, spa, 5: fla i c 2 2 Gatti i, 527 glaucophyia, 528 obliqua 27 oc Brace a. 528 Pitcheri, 527 subreticulata, 527 Vi ipers- “bugloss, 1128 Virgilia, Virginia-cowslip, 1123 Virginia-creeper, 840 INDEX Virginia-creepers, 840 Virginia-mallow, 850 Virginia- Stuartia, 876 AEA willow, err A-W Te ne n Virgins- -bowers, 525 Viticella, 526 CEAE, 835 peltata, 838 Voyria, 1056 Waahoo, 818 Wahoo, 441 W Water- Melon. V BE MI LFOIL TF AMILT, Ww ater anilfoils, Ds m < E ^ © ^ che w A = i= 5 = e e = 7B [t] -— b us Lido in, 21 Wa -PLANTAIN FAMILY, B Water- “plantain spearwort, 52 Water-po 411 WwW dc purs slane, 928 War SHIELD us AMILY, 53 Vater Spanish-oak, 429 Water star-grass, 266 WATER-STARWORT FAMILY, S04 Water-starworts, 804 Water-target, 539 Water-tupelo, 957 Waterweeds, 28 Water white-oak, 42 Water-willow, 1230 Water-wort, 866 WATER-W ORT FAMILY, Wauhoos, 534 W axberry, 409 Wax- mallow, 854 Wax-myrtle, 409 866 Waxwork, 818 Weak-leaf yueca, 303 Weather-glass, Poor- W cedy pe ening-primrose, ) W 'eeping- _ 1142 , 414 rene S ndian- Gherkin, W est Indian. gooseberr West Indian-mahogany, 765 West Indian pink-root, 1046 ‘ema, 445 r, 307 FAMILY, 987 , 988 E , 403 56 Wall- Deeds e WALNUT F m Walnuts, 40 Walter's- on 5 W altheria, 863 262, 263 20 Warty spu 802 W dU Un 968 Washin ro the orn, 644 Watche Ww ee ‘ash, "6, 1039 27 Water-chickw "eed, ait 805 Water- chinquapin, Water-cress, 559 7 r-er s 'ater- safa, 1003. Wat 42 WATER- LILY FAMILY, 540 Wh ite- alders, € ST White-ash, Whit te bachelor's- button, T4 * pt e-baneberry, 513 6 e bread- ple e butterfly- “orchid, 398 ood, 9 A eh high eh aa + e-camas, 279 e-campion, 508 e-cedar, 9! 10 e-elover, 656 e-d: usy, 1362, e-elm, 441 te-featherling 1470 « T4 74 eath T4 e fringe orchid, ‘369 e-grass, e- heart hickory, 406 e-hearts, 550 5 Á * kory, 4 40 e hor se- nettle, 1115 aa * 4 P +} ee ee au = 93 ITE- M ANGROVE F AMILY, 9; 32 e- ma ye, 825 e-melilots, 683 4 T4 T4 T4 74 * * ar '411 e pri airie. c mis 696 orchid, 373 1d opper, sels, * tass e- -thunberzi: l, e-titis, e e-topped asters, 1 - sh, 174 1226 394 ps, m (3 e veri 113 e a- “robin, 308 40 * 4 ar- pd. foot, 519 1470 47€. 074 74 *4 «T4044 4 T4 «T. 4*4 4 T4 Beaded ded ada dada d dada add dad dd dd doo [o o TTI hi “icky “ide wW ild 47 ‘horled pede tnd won T D Hos. bra ), 1024 00 cleat spring beauty, bac helor’: s- ‘butte on, 774 v INDEX Wild qnan USADAS 1285, Wild- ‘bamboo, 313 Wild-basil, 1169, 1181 Wild- end 72 Wild- Wild- mM 1164 ur ld black-cherry, 651 Vild-buckwheat, 445 Wil -buek "heats, 445 Wild-carrot, 967 Wild century-plant, 32 Wild-cherries, 650 Wild-chervil, 96$ Wild-china, S28 Wild-cinnamon, 8 WILD-CINNAMON Fa DE Y, 864 Wild-coffee, 83 i it 261, 1273 Wilc LOI LEON Wild-cotton bei Wild inesbill, 744 Wild-dilly, 1055 Wi e der, 960 Wild-fig, 439 Wil Ion o-clock, 488 Wild-fumeroot, 550 Wild-geraniums, 744 Wild-gingers, 125 Wild-g d es, d oos :e- plum, Wild- indigos, 61 Wild-l: aurel, Pu 35 Wild-leeks, 289 -lettuce, ito 1498 -marjoram, -monk esd. 515 ustard, 564 red e Dd ) red-r rm erry, -rice, wer TUE Sidi aparilla 1035 312, 9i i0 Wild-s 61 Wild ncm , 664 Wild-snapdragon, rd Wild- spikenards, 29 ct [o wW ild- tamar ind, as W Wild y ioe plum, WIL Ww illow- herb, Willugbaeya, Wineberry, Winele \ AA AAA AA AAAASG M * “in 653 78 LOW FAMILY 92 09, 46 621 af- cinquefoil, d-flower, 518 9 9 61 006 TERGREEN F AMILY, 989 990 EOY DEE SI DE B SE O Ee” ‘ > e rew weeds, 45 0 cH. gr PE > . ~n lDh- grass PIDE Tite ite olfs om CLL i i i 1 ITCH-HAZEL EE AMILY, i 71 i i i 85^ * * h- hazel, ‘600 600 E AA hli ings, 98 E JI ines, 15 in’ s to ngue, e 653 F Th -1 Wa [A "SORREL FAMILY, awberry, 612 3 7 rt, ool a )ody-z wo o y wir re-w peed. pas ass, oolly beard- grasses, 468 450 rape, 24 40 1554 Woolly-eroton, 783 Woolly-mullen, 1199 Worm-grass, Wormseed, 466 Wormseed- "mustard, 562 Worm-weed, 576 Wormwood, 1472 Wo rmwoods, 1471 Xanthium, 1301, 1302 Xanthorrhiza, 511, 511 calcite "a 749 en qi T48 749 XOU. ins $5 am ibi re fleruos a, 25. INDEX iridifolia, 254 neglecta, 252 — 1elor’s pun on, eR bell lily, O1 251 Yellow false- mallows, 849 -fl: 50 Yellow- fumeroot, 551 Yellow -harlequin, 551 Yellow- ess: imine, 1045 low morning-glory, 1083 , H "(Xt Yellow-oleander, 1058 Yellow-opopanax, 654 Yellow passion-flower, 896 Yellow-pimpernel, 981 -P d, 555 Yellow. strawberry, 612 Yellow-thistle, 548, 1483 Yellow-toadflax 8 Yellow t DeC ow er, 1240 582 Yellow water 543 Yellow me indigo, nau Ow 832, 105 Yellow wood- Tiy, 296 2 wood-sorrels, 747 2 Y FAMILY, 11 Yew-pine, Yonkapin, 540 Yucea, 302, 303, 304 Yucca FAMILY, 302 Yuecas, 302 Zamia, 1, 2, 2 Zannichellia, 15 ZANNICHELLIACEAE, E j Zanthoxylum, 757, 755 Zea, 38 Zebrina, 26 Zenobia, 100 Zephyr nS é Zephyr- -lilies, 320. Zinnia, 1417, 1417 iz i , 92 Zos VTERACE AE, 18 Zosterella, 266 oe Edd enus, 280, ZYGOPHYLLACE AE, ELT